Department of Water ResourcesDepartment of Water Resources
Oroville Panel Says Dam Officials Missed Clues to Spillway Flaws
Is 'Green Spot' a Sign of More Trouble for Oroville Dam?
California's 'Water Year' Ends as Third Driest on Record
Season's Final Sierra Snow Survey -- Without the Snow
California Drought Snapshot: Lake Oroville Revisited
State Water Project: 'No Deliveries to Customers This Year'
Coming Face to Face With the Real Cost of the Delta Tunnel Plan
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FM","link":"/"}},"news_11615626":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11615626","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11615626","score":null,"sort":[1504740100000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"oroville-panel-says-dam-officials-missed-clues-to-spillway-flaws","title":"Oroville Panel Says Dam Officials Missed Clues to Spillway Flaws","publishDate":1504740100,"format":"standard","headTitle":"The California Report | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":72,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>An independent forensic panel investigating the failure of Oroville Dam's main spillway last February has released an interim report that provides a new glimpse at how the structure came apart in February, triggering a crisis that led to the emergency evacuation of 180,000 people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/3987374/IFT-Interim-Memo-Final-09-05-17.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">seven-page memo\u003c/a> also suggests that the California Department of Water Resources, which owns and operates the dam, was blind to a long history of problems that began accumulating during the design of the spillway in the 1960s and continued through the morning of Feb. 7, when the massive concrete structure began to disintegrate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report, released Tuesday, says it has found no evidence that DWR ever conducted the kind of comprehensive review of the spillway's original design and construction that might have brought to light the many problems that eventually undermined and destroyed it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John France, a dam engineer based in Denver and the forensic team's leader, told reporters those shortcomings were all detailed in DWR files.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There has never been an evaluation completely that went back thoroughly in the files,\" as far as the panel could determine, France said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The memo was released by the \u003ca href=\"https://damsafety.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Association of State Dam Safety Officials\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ussdams.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">United States Society on Dams\u003c/a>, which assembled the team in March at the direction of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report largely corroborates analyses from a team led by Robert Bea, an emeritus professor of civil engineering and leading expert in catastrophic risk management. Bea and associates concluded that \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/04/18/report-design-building-and-upkeep-flaws-led-to-oroville-spillway-failure/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">the spillway was doomed\u003c/a> by flawed design, construction and maintenance and that state and federal overseers \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/07/21/oroville-dam-spillway-report-alleges-dwr-ferc-negligence/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">were negligent\u003c/a> in their response to spillway deficiencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The failure began, the independent forensic team says, as the Department of Water Resources increased flows down the spillway -- a step taken to make room in Lake Oroville for a surge of runoff from major winter storms in early February.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although the flow coming down the concrete chute on Feb. 7 was far below both the design capacity and some past releases, the rapidly moving water started to pull the spillway apart. The forensic team says it believes water flowing through open joints and myriad cracks and other flaws in the concrete surface created excessive pressure beneath the chute that lifted up part of one 40-by-50-foot slab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the first slab dislodged, water plunged into the gap and rapidly eroded the spillway foundation, ripping out more slabs. By the time flows were stopped -- less than three hours after the initial breach occurred -- a crater had formed that was about 200 feet long and stretched nearly all the way across the 180-foot-wide spillway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The forensic team said it was uncertain why the spillway failed in February after surviving earlier major releases. It said possibilities include recent damage or the deterioration of extensive earlier repairs; the expansion of voids under the slab that had formed due to long-term erosion; corrosion of reinforcing steel in the chute's concrete; and compromised steel anchor bars designed to help hold the concrete slabs in place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The memo also catalogs a series of design and construction flaws that made the spillway vulnerable to failure. Among them, the report calls out a poorly designed drainage system installed in a way that some parts of the concrete slab were as little as 4 inches thick; insufficient steel reinforcement; failure to remove weathered rock and dirt from large sections of the spillway foundation; and an inadequate system for anchoring the slab to underlying rock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The forensic team says it's still looking at what it calls the \"human and organizational factors\" that may have contributed to the spillway failure -- an inquiry that covers everything from how the Department of Water Resources made its initial decision on where to build the spillway to how it has inspected the structure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The strongest language in the memo is in a final \"lessons to be learned\" section, where the forensic experts call on dam owners to perform periodic reviews of the original design and construction of their facilities and compare them to \"current state of the practice.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The (independent forensic team) has not seen any indication that such a review for the service spillway chute at Oroville Dam has ever been conducted since original construction,\" the memo said, \"Such a review would likely have 'connected the dots'\" and helped past safety reviews identify the factors that led to the spillway failure, the document says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement released after the memo was released, DWR spokeswoman Erin Mellon said the department \"agrees ... that dam owners need to reassess current procedures.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pointing to DWR's directive earlier this year for immediate reviews of the safety of nearly 100 dams statewide, Mellon said the department is determined to apply lessons learned from the Oroville crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The additional spillway evaluations already underway are the start of that process,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story includes reporting from The Associated Press.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"An independent forensic team releases preliminary report outlining causes of February spillway failure and calling for more complete safety reviews in the future.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1504821567,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":21,"wordCount":827},"headData":{"title":"Oroville Panel Says Dam Officials Missed Clues to Spillway Flaws | KQED","description":"An independent forensic team releases preliminary report outlining causes of February spillway failure and calling for more complete safety reviews in the future.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"11615626 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11615626","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/09/06/oroville-panel-says-dam-officials-missed-clues-to-spillway-flaws/","disqusTitle":"Oroville Panel Says Dam Officials Missed Clues to Spillway Flaws","path":"/news/11615626/oroville-panel-says-dam-officials-missed-clues-to-spillway-flaws","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>An independent forensic panel investigating the failure of Oroville Dam's main spillway last February has released an interim report that provides a new glimpse at how the structure came apart in February, triggering a crisis that led to the emergency evacuation of 180,000 people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/3987374/IFT-Interim-Memo-Final-09-05-17.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">seven-page memo\u003c/a> also suggests that the California Department of Water Resources, which owns and operates the dam, was blind to a long history of problems that began accumulating during the design of the spillway in the 1960s and continued through the morning of Feb. 7, when the massive concrete structure began to disintegrate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report, released Tuesday, says it has found no evidence that DWR ever conducted the kind of comprehensive review of the spillway's original design and construction that might have brought to light the many problems that eventually undermined and destroyed it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John France, a dam engineer based in Denver and the forensic team's leader, told reporters those shortcomings were all detailed in DWR files.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There has never been an evaluation completely that went back thoroughly in the files,\" as far as the panel could determine, France said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The memo was released by the \u003ca href=\"https://damsafety.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Association of State Dam Safety Officials\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ussdams.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">United States Society on Dams\u003c/a>, which assembled the team in March at the direction of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report largely corroborates analyses from a team led by Robert Bea, an emeritus professor of civil engineering and leading expert in catastrophic risk management. Bea and associates concluded that \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/04/18/report-design-building-and-upkeep-flaws-led-to-oroville-spillway-failure/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">the spillway was doomed\u003c/a> by flawed design, construction and maintenance and that state and federal overseers \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/07/21/oroville-dam-spillway-report-alleges-dwr-ferc-negligence/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">were negligent\u003c/a> in their response to spillway deficiencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The failure began, the independent forensic team says, as the Department of Water Resources increased flows down the spillway -- a step taken to make room in Lake Oroville for a surge of runoff from major winter storms in early February.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although the flow coming down the concrete chute on Feb. 7 was far below both the design capacity and some past releases, the rapidly moving water started to pull the spillway apart. The forensic team says it believes water flowing through open joints and myriad cracks and other flaws in the concrete surface created excessive pressure beneath the chute that lifted up part of one 40-by-50-foot slab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the first slab dislodged, water plunged into the gap and rapidly eroded the spillway foundation, ripping out more slabs. By the time flows were stopped -- less than three hours after the initial breach occurred -- a crater had formed that was about 200 feet long and stretched nearly all the way across the 180-foot-wide spillway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The forensic team said it was uncertain why the spillway failed in February after surviving earlier major releases. It said possibilities include recent damage or the deterioration of extensive earlier repairs; the expansion of voids under the slab that had formed due to long-term erosion; corrosion of reinforcing steel in the chute's concrete; and compromised steel anchor bars designed to help hold the concrete slabs in place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The memo also catalogs a series of design and construction flaws that made the spillway vulnerable to failure. Among them, the report calls out a poorly designed drainage system installed in a way that some parts of the concrete slab were as little as 4 inches thick; insufficient steel reinforcement; failure to remove weathered rock and dirt from large sections of the spillway foundation; and an inadequate system for anchoring the slab to underlying rock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The forensic team says it's still looking at what it calls the \"human and organizational factors\" that may have contributed to the spillway failure -- an inquiry that covers everything from how the Department of Water Resources made its initial decision on where to build the spillway to how it has inspected the structure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The strongest language in the memo is in a final \"lessons to be learned\" section, where the forensic experts call on dam owners to perform periodic reviews of the original design and construction of their facilities and compare them to \"current state of the practice.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The (independent forensic team) has not seen any indication that such a review for the service spillway chute at Oroville Dam has ever been conducted since original construction,\" the memo said, \"Such a review would likely have 'connected the dots'\" and helped past safety reviews identify the factors that led to the spillway failure, the document says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement released after the memo was released, DWR spokeswoman Erin Mellon said the department \"agrees ... that dam owners need to reassess current procedures.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pointing to DWR's directive earlier this year for immediate reviews of the safety of nearly 100 dams statewide, Mellon said the department is determined to apply lessons learned from the Oroville crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The additional spillway evaluations already underway are the start of that process,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story includes reporting from The Associated Press.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11615626/oroville-panel-says-dam-officials-missed-clues-to-spillway-flaws","authors":["222"],"programs":["news_6944","news_72"],"categories":["news_19906","news_8","news_356"],"tags":["news_5428","news_19542","news_20536","news_17286","news_17041"],"featImg":"news_11347674","label":"news_72"},"news_11589367":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11589367","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11589367","score":null,"sort":[1501270612000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"oroville-dam-green-spot-department-of-water-resources","title":"Is 'Green Spot' a Sign of More Trouble for Oroville Dam?","publishDate":1501270612,"format":"standard","headTitle":"The California Report | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":72,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 5:35 p.m. Friday\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[dropcap]F[/dropcap]rom Day 1 of the Oroville spillway crisis in February, the California Department of Water Resources has never wavered in its declarations that, despite the disintegration of the massive concrete flood control outlet and a near-disaster caused by uncontrolled emergency reservoir flows down a rapidly eroding hillside, the stability of the massive dam itself was not and has never been threatened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite those oft-repeated assurances, public questions about the dam's integrity have persisted -- in internet forums, in community meetings and, most recently, in \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/07/21/oroville-dam-spillway-report-alleges-dwr-ferc-negligence/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a report\u003c/a> released last week under the auspices of UC Berkeley's Center for Catastrophic Risk Management.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's in part a reflection of \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/Oroville-Dam-repair-is-huge-but-so-is-11227869.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">public distrust of DWR\u003c/a> after the spillway incident and in part a recognition that anything that seriously compromises the 770-foot-tall dam could endanger tens of thousands of lives, cripple a key element of California's water-supply network and put the state's entire economy at risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Specifically, the questions have focused on an extensive area of moisture on the left side of the dam's downstream face that's known, even to the Department of Water Resources, as \"the green spot.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The spot, characterized by what state inspectors have termed \"lush\" vegetation during wet seasons that turns into dense thickets of dry weeds by late summer, is clearly visible on satellite images and measures about 700 feet long by 130 feet wide. That's roughly the size of two football fields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11598862\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-11.28.22.png\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11598862\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-11.28.22-800x485.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"485\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-11.28.22-800x485.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-11.28.22-160x97.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-11.28.22-240x146.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-11.28.22-375x227.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-11.28.22-520x315.png 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-11.28.22.png 846w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A satellite image shows Oroville Dam's green spot on April 14, 2015. \u003ccite>(Google Earth)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Last week's \u003ca href=\"https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/3898834/Bea-and-Johnson-ROOT-CAUSES-REPORT.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">study\u003c/a>, led by internationally known civil engineer and risk management analyst \u003ca href=\"http://www.mensjournal.com/magazine/bob-bea-the-master-of-disaster-20130225\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Robert Bea\u003c/a>, included several subreports asking whether the moisture at the green spot is a sign that water is leaking through the dam and weakening its inner structure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Publicly, DWR officials have tended to dismiss those concerns. In response to questions at community meetings in \u003ca href=\"http://www.water.ca.gov/oroville-spillway/pdf/2017/summaries/Oro%20Community%20Mtg%20Sum_Oroville_20170502.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Oroville\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.water.ca.gov/oroville-spillway/pdf/2017/summaries/Oro%20Community%20Mtg%20Sum_YubaCity_20170509.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Yuba City\u003c/a> in May, for instance, the agency said the green area is due to rainfall, that it first appeared while the dam was under construction, and that it poses no risk to the dam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[dropcap]B[/dropcap]ut outside public view, documents KQED obtained under the California Public Records Act show the Department of Water Resources has puzzled for years over the source of the seepage feeding the \"green spot\" and has been slow to act on a 2014 recommendation from independent experts to investigate the issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DWR's uncertainty is reflected in a series of dam inspections between February and July 2011 -- Northern California's last wet winter before the five-year drought -- that produced contradictory conclusions about the issue and whether it was a chronic condition or something that appeared only seasonally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Feb. 2, 2011, a DWR inspection party hiked to the green spot -- about 200 vertical feet below the top of the massive structure -- and found extensive moisture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The cause of the seepage has yet to be determined,\" wrote Bill Pennington of DWR's Division of Safety of Dams (DSOD).\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11598656\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-10.13.55.png\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11598656\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-10.13.55-800x528.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"528\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-10.13.55.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-10.13.55-160x106.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-10.13.55-240x158.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-10.13.55-375x248.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-10.13.55-520x343.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An April 2014 inspection photograph of the Oroville Dam green spot. State officials say moisture has been observed in this area of the dam's downstream face since before Lake Oroville filled in the late 1960s, but they've never determined the source. \u003ccite>(California Department of Water Resources)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One possibility, he said, was rainwater may have collected -- or become \"perched,\" in engineering parlance -- within the dam's embankment. Another possible source: an area of seepage that had been noted in the dam's abutment during construction in the 1960s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pennington suggested that the area should be monitored and \"unexpected changes should be reported to DSOD.\" In a field notebook, Pennington wrote that Paul Dunlap of DWR's Dam Safety Branch was \"thinking of mapping the area.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a May 2011 inspection visit, Pennington wrote that \"the long-established wet area at mid-slope on the left end of the dam remains active\" and recommended continued monitoring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In July 2011, with the lake level unseasonably high -- less than 2 feet below the edge of the dam's emergency weir -- DWR's Paul Dunlap returned to check out the green spot. He found it had \"essentially dried up.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The drying out of the green spot (especially under high reservoir conditions) provides further evidence that the green spot phenomena on the dam is associated with precipitation or abutment seasonal spring activity and not seepage through the dam,\" Dunlap wrote in a report on his findings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11598651\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-09.58.30.png\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11598651\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-09.58.30-800x422.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"422\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-09.58.30-800x422.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-09.58.30-160x84.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-09.58.30-240x127.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-09.58.30-375x198.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-09.58.30-520x274.png 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-09.58.30.png 956w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An image from a 2013 Oroville Dam inspection report noting the effects of moisture from the dam's \"green spot.\" \u003ccite>(California Department of Water Resources)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>[dropcap]T[/dropcap]hose periodic observations continued -- sometimes the green spot was wet, sometimes dry -- along with Pennington's repeated recommendation that dam managers figure out how to monitor the area \"so that year to year changes can be recorded.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In August 2014, an independent board met to perform the dam's five-year federal safety review. The board's recommendations, released in December, called on DWR officials to investigate the green spot and try to determine whether it posed a threat to the dam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This issue has a high historical profile that needs to be conclusively addressed,\" the consultants commented in one section of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission's 2014 Part 12D report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The board said that while much of the dam's behavior was understood, \"one issue that seems to not have been addressed by previous stability analyses is that associated with the green spot on the downstream face of the dam.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The consultants' report noted that the final construction report for the dam, which went into service in 1968, indicated that the green spot area was observed even before Lake Oroville began rising behind the structure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The green spot is believed to be associated with pre-existing natural springs in the downstream left abutment area of the dam foundation,\" the Part 12D report says. The concentration of moisture, the document speculates, could be due to the composition of the rock and earth used to build the dam's downstream embankment. The fill, which may contain excessive volumes of very fine, dense material, \"may prevent free drainage of flows from those underlying springs.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The four consultants said that although there was no evidence of movement or instability in the green spot area, they recommended the Department of Water Resources investigate to see whether the persistent moisture could pose a risk to the dam, especially in the event an earthquake occurred during a period of particularly wet conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[dropcap]I[/dropcap]n response, the Department of Water Resources has told the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission it intends to answer questions raised in the 2014 safety board report by September 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The department last year got approval to bore a hole as deep as 150 feet in the dam's left abutment, adjacent to the green spot area. The drilling was to pursue a separate issue raised by the safety board -- the seismic vulnerability of Oroville Dam and nearby facilities. As part of that work, DWR told FERC, it planned to install an instrument for \"monitoring groundwater levels in proximity (to) the historic 'green spot' within the dam embankment. Data collected may provide beneficial in understanding the origin of seepage within the left abutment.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a wave of questions raised by the UC Berkeley Center for Catastrophic Risk Management report issued last week, DWR says it's preparing a preliminary report on the green spot as well as a longer-term study of the issue. The report is due out next week, DWR spokeswoman Erin Mellon said Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to questions about DWR's response to the safety board recommendations or suggestions for monitoring made in the department's own inspection reports, Mellon said regular monitoring was ongoing and that \"to date, no issues of concern have been noted.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bea, the leader of the UC Berkeley study, says that DWR has been complacent in its response to a host of issues related to the dam, including the green spot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think these people are looking at these pieces of evidence and using their logic, 'Well, this dam's been here for 50 years. We've seen these wet spots before, and it's performed satisfactorily,' \" Bea said. \"What they're then concluding is that as you move forward into the future it will continue to perform satisfactorily. That conclusion is premised on a belief there won't be any changes as you move into the future.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bea says that posture is similar to the one the department took to the dam's spillway. The imposing concrete structure had undergone several rounds of extensive repairs before it failed in February. Despite that history of recurring problems, there's no evidence that the department considered the possibility that the spillway might need to be rebuilt, and DWR inspections through last August consistently declared the structure fit for continued use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They kept thinking (that despite) these early warning signs -- 'Yeah, they're unusual, we've got to put concrete patches on those cracks. And yeah, there are voids under the concrete that we'll fill with concrete' -- it's going to remain stable,\" Bea said. \"That proved to be disastrously wrong.\"\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Documents show water officials have puzzled for years over seepage and have been slow to determine whether it poses a risk to dam's stability. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1501289658,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":34,"wordCount":1555},"headData":{"title":"Is 'Green Spot' a Sign of More Trouble for Oroville Dam? | KQED","description":"Documents show water officials have puzzled for years over seepage and have been slow to determine whether it poses a risk to dam's stability. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"11589367 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11589367","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/07/28/oroville-dam-green-spot-department-of-water-resources/","disqusTitle":"Is 'Green Spot' a Sign of More Trouble for Oroville Dam?","WpOldSlug":"is-green-spot-a-sign-of-more-trouble-for-oroville-dam","path":"/news/11589367/oroville-dam-green-spot-department-of-water-resources","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 5:35 p.m. Friday\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">F\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>rom Day 1 of the Oroville spillway crisis in February, the California Department of Water Resources has never wavered in its declarations that, despite the disintegration of the massive concrete flood control outlet and a near-disaster caused by uncontrolled emergency reservoir flows down a rapidly eroding hillside, the stability of the massive dam itself was not and has never been threatened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite those oft-repeated assurances, public questions about the dam's integrity have persisted -- in internet forums, in community meetings and, most recently, in \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/07/21/oroville-dam-spillway-report-alleges-dwr-ferc-negligence/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a report\u003c/a> released last week under the auspices of UC Berkeley's Center for Catastrophic Risk Management.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's in part a reflection of \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/Oroville-Dam-repair-is-huge-but-so-is-11227869.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">public distrust of DWR\u003c/a> after the spillway incident and in part a recognition that anything that seriously compromises the 770-foot-tall dam could endanger tens of thousands of lives, cripple a key element of California's water-supply network and put the state's entire economy at risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Specifically, the questions have focused on an extensive area of moisture on the left side of the dam's downstream face that's known, even to the Department of Water Resources, as \"the green spot.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The spot, characterized by what state inspectors have termed \"lush\" vegetation during wet seasons that turns into dense thickets of dry weeds by late summer, is clearly visible on satellite images and measures about 700 feet long by 130 feet wide. That's roughly the size of two football fields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11598862\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-11.28.22.png\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11598862\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-11.28.22-800x485.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"485\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-11.28.22-800x485.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-11.28.22-160x97.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-11.28.22-240x146.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-11.28.22-375x227.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-11.28.22-520x315.png 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-11.28.22.png 846w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A satellite image shows Oroville Dam's green spot on April 14, 2015. \u003ccite>(Google Earth)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Last week's \u003ca href=\"https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/3898834/Bea-and-Johnson-ROOT-CAUSES-REPORT.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">study\u003c/a>, led by internationally known civil engineer and risk management analyst \u003ca href=\"http://www.mensjournal.com/magazine/bob-bea-the-master-of-disaster-20130225\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Robert Bea\u003c/a>, included several subreports asking whether the moisture at the green spot is a sign that water is leaking through the dam and weakening its inner structure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Publicly, DWR officials have tended to dismiss those concerns. In response to questions at community meetings in \u003ca href=\"http://www.water.ca.gov/oroville-spillway/pdf/2017/summaries/Oro%20Community%20Mtg%20Sum_Oroville_20170502.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Oroville\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.water.ca.gov/oroville-spillway/pdf/2017/summaries/Oro%20Community%20Mtg%20Sum_YubaCity_20170509.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Yuba City\u003c/a> in May, for instance, the agency said the green area is due to rainfall, that it first appeared while the dam was under construction, and that it poses no risk to the dam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">B\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>ut outside public view, documents KQED obtained under the California Public Records Act show the Department of Water Resources has puzzled for years over the source of the seepage feeding the \"green spot\" and has been slow to act on a 2014 recommendation from independent experts to investigate the issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DWR's uncertainty is reflected in a series of dam inspections between February and July 2011 -- Northern California's last wet winter before the five-year drought -- that produced contradictory conclusions about the issue and whether it was a chronic condition or something that appeared only seasonally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Feb. 2, 2011, a DWR inspection party hiked to the green spot -- about 200 vertical feet below the top of the massive structure -- and found extensive moisture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The cause of the seepage has yet to be determined,\" wrote Bill Pennington of DWR's Division of Safety of Dams (DSOD).\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11598656\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-10.13.55.png\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11598656\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-10.13.55-800x528.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"528\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-10.13.55.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-10.13.55-160x106.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-10.13.55-240x158.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-10.13.55-375x248.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-10.13.55-520x343.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An April 2014 inspection photograph of the Oroville Dam green spot. State officials say moisture has been observed in this area of the dam's downstream face since before Lake Oroville filled in the late 1960s, but they've never determined the source. \u003ccite>(California Department of Water Resources)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One possibility, he said, was rainwater may have collected -- or become \"perched,\" in engineering parlance -- within the dam's embankment. Another possible source: an area of seepage that had been noted in the dam's abutment during construction in the 1960s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pennington suggested that the area should be monitored and \"unexpected changes should be reported to DSOD.\" In a field notebook, Pennington wrote that Paul Dunlap of DWR's Dam Safety Branch was \"thinking of mapping the area.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a May 2011 inspection visit, Pennington wrote that \"the long-established wet area at mid-slope on the left end of the dam remains active\" and recommended continued monitoring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In July 2011, with the lake level unseasonably high -- less than 2 feet below the edge of the dam's emergency weir -- DWR's Paul Dunlap returned to check out the green spot. He found it had \"essentially dried up.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The drying out of the green spot (especially under high reservoir conditions) provides further evidence that the green spot phenomena on the dam is associated with precipitation or abutment seasonal spring activity and not seepage through the dam,\" Dunlap wrote in a report on his findings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11598651\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-09.58.30.png\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11598651\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-09.58.30-800x422.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"422\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-09.58.30-800x422.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-09.58.30-160x84.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-09.58.30-240x127.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-09.58.30-375x198.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-09.58.30-520x274.png 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-09.58.30.png 956w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An image from a 2013 Oroville Dam inspection report noting the effects of moisture from the dam's \"green spot.\" \u003ccite>(California Department of Water Resources)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">T\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>hose periodic observations continued -- sometimes the green spot was wet, sometimes dry -- along with Pennington's repeated recommendation that dam managers figure out how to monitor the area \"so that year to year changes can be recorded.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In August 2014, an independent board met to perform the dam's five-year federal safety review. The board's recommendations, released in December, called on DWR officials to investigate the green spot and try to determine whether it posed a threat to the dam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This issue has a high historical profile that needs to be conclusively addressed,\" the consultants commented in one section of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission's 2014 Part 12D report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The board said that while much of the dam's behavior was understood, \"one issue that seems to not have been addressed by previous stability analyses is that associated with the green spot on the downstream face of the dam.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The consultants' report noted that the final construction report for the dam, which went into service in 1968, indicated that the green spot area was observed even before Lake Oroville began rising behind the structure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The green spot is believed to be associated with pre-existing natural springs in the downstream left abutment area of the dam foundation,\" the Part 12D report says. The concentration of moisture, the document speculates, could be due to the composition of the rock and earth used to build the dam's downstream embankment. The fill, which may contain excessive volumes of very fine, dense material, \"may prevent free drainage of flows from those underlying springs.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The four consultants said that although there was no evidence of movement or instability in the green spot area, they recommended the Department of Water Resources investigate to see whether the persistent moisture could pose a risk to the dam, especially in the event an earthquake occurred during a period of particularly wet conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">I\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>n response, the Department of Water Resources has told the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission it intends to answer questions raised in the 2014 safety board report by September 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The department last year got approval to bore a hole as deep as 150 feet in the dam's left abutment, adjacent to the green spot area. The drilling was to pursue a separate issue raised by the safety board -- the seismic vulnerability of Oroville Dam and nearby facilities. As part of that work, DWR told FERC, it planned to install an instrument for \"monitoring groundwater levels in proximity (to) the historic 'green spot' within the dam embankment. Data collected may provide beneficial in understanding the origin of seepage within the left abutment.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a wave of questions raised by the UC Berkeley Center for Catastrophic Risk Management report issued last week, DWR says it's preparing a preliminary report on the green spot as well as a longer-term study of the issue. The report is due out next week, DWR spokeswoman Erin Mellon said Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to questions about DWR's response to the safety board recommendations or suggestions for monitoring made in the department's own inspection reports, Mellon said regular monitoring was ongoing and that \"to date, no issues of concern have been noted.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bea, the leader of the UC Berkeley study, says that DWR has been complacent in its response to a host of issues related to the dam, including the green spot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think these people are looking at these pieces of evidence and using their logic, 'Well, this dam's been here for 50 years. We've seen these wet spots before, and it's performed satisfactorily,' \" Bea said. \"What they're then concluding is that as you move forward into the future it will continue to perform satisfactorily. That conclusion is premised on a belief there won't be any changes as you move into the future.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bea says that posture is similar to the one the department took to the dam's spillway. The imposing concrete structure had undergone several rounds of extensive repairs before it failed in February. Despite that history of recurring problems, there's no evidence that the department considered the possibility that the spillway might need to be rebuilt, and DWR inspections through last August consistently declared the structure fit for continued use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They kept thinking (that despite) these early warning signs -- 'Yeah, they're unusual, we've got to put concrete patches on those cracks. And yeah, there are voids under the concrete that we'll fill with concrete' -- it's going to remain stable,\" Bea said. \"That proved to be disastrously wrong.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11589367/oroville-dam-green-spot-department-of-water-resources","authors":["222"],"programs":["news_6944","news_72"],"categories":["news_19906","news_8","news_356"],"tags":["news_5428","news_20509","news_17286","news_17041"],"featImg":"news_11598769","label":"news_72"},"science_22131":{"type":"posts","id":"science_22131","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"22131","score":null,"sort":[1412120094000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"californias-water-year-ends-as-third-driest-on-record","title":"California's 'Water Year' Ends as Third Driest on Record","publishDate":1412120094,"format":"aside","headTitle":"California’s ‘Water Year’ Ends as Third Driest on Record | KQED","labelTerm":{"term":1151,"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_22139\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 850px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/RS8907_Drought_JoshC-4427-scr.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-22139\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/RS8907_Drought_JoshC-4427-scr.jpg\" alt=\"At the end of the water year, San Luis Reservoir is at less than a quarter of its capacity. (Josh Cassidy/KQED) \" width=\"850\" height=\"567\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">At the end of the water year, San Luis Reservoir is at less than a quarter of its capacity. (Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Tuesday is “New Year’s Eve” for water managers in California, but they aren’t celebrating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is the end of the state’s official “water year,” kind of a fiscal year for the water budget. Officials watch water years more closely than calendar years because they run from October to September, centered around the months in which California gets virtually all of its rainfall. And this one appears to be clocking in as the third driest on record, according to state climatologist Mike Anderson, with less than 60 percent of normal precipitation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Measured by total precipitation within those months, the driest water year on record was 1924. Clocking in second was 1977, toward the end of California’s last epic drought, when one of the state’s \u003ca title=\"DWR - reservoir levels\" href=\"http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cdecapp/resapp/getResGraphsMain.action\">principal reservoirs\u003c/a>, Lake Oroville on the Feather River, dropped to its all-time low of 26 percent of capacity. The lake’s current level is hovering just barely above that at 30 percent (less than half its historical average). But as state water officials are keen to point out in a \u003ca href=\"http://www.water.ca.gov/news/newsreleases/2014/092914drywateryear.pdf\">press release\u003c/a>, the state’s population in those years was a fraction of what it is today:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“…on September 1, the state’s major reservoirs collectively held only 57 percent of average storage for the date, or about 36 percent of capacity. Cumulative reservoir storage in 1977, to date California’s driest year on record, was approximately five million acre-feet less than today but the state in that year had millions fewer people.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>If you’re counting calendar years, 2013 was the driest on record and the outlook for 2014 isn’t much better, despite the early showers that have passed through already this fall. Those rains helped put a damper on wildfires but weren’t nearly enough to put a dent in the drought. \u003ca title=\"Q-Sci - post\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/08/07/el-nino-fizzle-no-relief-likely-for-california-drought/\">Early hopes\u003c/a> for drought-busting El Niño conditions in the Pacific Ocean have waned. It \u003ca title=\"Q-Sci - post\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/drought-myth-busting-why-el-nino-wont-save-california/\">takes a mighty El Niño\u003c/a> to really soak Northern California. Federal climate forecasters say the odds favor only a pipsqueak El Niño this fall and winter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state also tracks a “precipitation year,” which runs July through June, in which the one ended June 30 was the second driest on record. California typically gets half its precipitation in the three months between December and February.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anderson says it would take something in the range of 150 percent of normal precipitation for the year ahead to be a drought buster, and the forecast models are sending mixed messages. “Right now there’s no definitive signal, where the ocean or atmosphere are telling us to lean one way or the other,” he says, with an audible sigh. “It’s just a lot of uncertainty.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The immediate certainty is that day-to-day conservation — wise, sparing use of water — is essential as we face the possibility of a fourth dry winter,” DWR director Mark Cowin said in a release. The web is rife with water-saving tips, including the state’s \u003ca title=\"Save our Water - main\" href=\"http://saveourwater.com/\">official conservation site\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Only 1924 and 1977 were drier. And there's little in the long-range forecasts to suggest a rebound soon.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704932854,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":10,"wordCount":563},"headData":{"title":"California's 'Water Year' Ends as Third Driest on Record | KQED","description":"Only 1924 and 1977 were drier. And there's little in the long-range forecasts to suggest a rebound soon.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"sticky":false,"path":"/science/22131/californias-water-year-ends-as-third-driest-on-record","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_22139\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 850px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/RS8907_Drought_JoshC-4427-scr.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-22139\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/RS8907_Drought_JoshC-4427-scr.jpg\" alt=\"At the end of the water year, San Luis Reservoir is at less than a quarter of its capacity. (Josh Cassidy/KQED) \" width=\"850\" height=\"567\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">At the end of the water year, San Luis Reservoir is at less than a quarter of its capacity. (Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Tuesday is “New Year’s Eve” for water managers in California, but they aren’t celebrating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is the end of the state’s official “water year,” kind of a fiscal year for the water budget. Officials watch water years more closely than calendar years because they run from October to September, centered around the months in which California gets virtually all of its rainfall. And this one appears to be clocking in as the third driest on record, according to state climatologist Mike Anderson, with less than 60 percent of normal precipitation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Measured by total precipitation within those months, the driest water year on record was 1924. Clocking in second was 1977, toward the end of California’s last epic drought, when one of the state’s \u003ca title=\"DWR - reservoir levels\" href=\"http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cdecapp/resapp/getResGraphsMain.action\">principal reservoirs\u003c/a>, Lake Oroville on the Feather River, dropped to its all-time low of 26 percent of capacity. The lake’s current level is hovering just barely above that at 30 percent (less than half its historical average). But as state water officials are keen to point out in a \u003ca href=\"http://www.water.ca.gov/news/newsreleases/2014/092914drywateryear.pdf\">press release\u003c/a>, the state’s population in those years was a fraction of what it is today:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“…on September 1, the state’s major reservoirs collectively held only 57 percent of average storage for the date, or about 36 percent of capacity. Cumulative reservoir storage in 1977, to date California’s driest year on record, was approximately five million acre-feet less than today but the state in that year had millions fewer people.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>If you’re counting calendar years, 2013 was the driest on record and the outlook for 2014 isn’t much better, despite the early showers that have passed through already this fall. Those rains helped put a damper on wildfires but weren’t nearly enough to put a dent in the drought. \u003ca title=\"Q-Sci - post\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/08/07/el-nino-fizzle-no-relief-likely-for-california-drought/\">Early hopes\u003c/a> for drought-busting El Niño conditions in the Pacific Ocean have waned. It \u003ca title=\"Q-Sci - post\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/drought-myth-busting-why-el-nino-wont-save-california/\">takes a mighty El Niño\u003c/a> to really soak Northern California. Federal climate forecasters say the odds favor only a pipsqueak El Niño this fall and winter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state also tracks a “precipitation year,” which runs July through June, in which the one ended June 30 was the second driest on record. California typically gets half its precipitation in the three months between December and February.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anderson says it would take something in the range of 150 percent of normal precipitation for the year ahead to be a drought buster, and the forecast models are sending mixed messages. “Right now there’s no definitive signal, where the ocean or atmosphere are telling us to lean one way or the other,” he says, with an audible sigh. “It’s just a lot of uncertainty.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The immediate certainty is that day-to-day conservation — wise, sparing use of water — is essential as we face the possibility of a fourth dry winter,” DWR director Mark Cowin said in a release. The web is rife with water-saving tips, including the state’s \u003ca title=\"Save our Water - main\" href=\"http://saveourwater.com/\">official conservation site\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/22131/californias-water-year-ends-as-third-driest-on-record","authors":["221"],"series":["science_1151"],"categories":["science_31","science_40","science_98"],"tags":["science_1622","science_64","science_1004"],"featImg":"science_22139","label":"science_1151"},"news_134840":{"type":"posts","id":"news_134840","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"134840","score":null,"sort":[1398992728000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"seasons-final-sierra-snow-survey-without-the-snow","title":"Season's Final Sierra Snow Survey -- Without the Snow","publishDate":1398992728,"format":"standard","headTitle":"News Fix | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":6944,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>Every winter, the California Department of Water Resources offers the public a little piece of what you might call outdoors theater. Once a month, the department sends a crew to a picturesque spot near Echo Summit, near U.S. 50 high above Lake Tahoe. The crew measures the snow, then tells reporters how much there is. Then the reporters tell the rest of us the news.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More snow is good, because it will melt when the weather warms up, then run down streams and rivers into the state's reservoirs. More water is good because that means there's enough for the farms that use about 80 percent of California water, and there's enough for the rest of us to water our lawns, wash our cars, and just run the tap without thinking a whole lot about it. There's even enough water in good years to let nature have some. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You might have heard that this is not one of those good years. Thursday, the Department of Water Resources gave us a reading on how not-good this year really is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's how Doug Carlson, an information officer at the department, put it when he spoke to KQED Science intern Shara Tonn on Thursday: \"This is the final snow survey of the year today. Didn't find much snow at all.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Human surveyors, who these days do little more than replicate what electronic sensors throughout the Sierra are recording every hour of every day during the snow season, found a snowless meadow when they visited a traditional measurement site near Echo Summit. The DWR reported that the physical measurements combined with electronic monitoring determined that the water content of snow throughout the Sierra Nevada is just 18 percent of average for May 1. In the northern Sierra, where melting snow is counted on to help fill the state's biggest reservoirs, the report is more dire: the water content of the snowpack there is just 7 percent of average. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carlson said it's the fourth-scantiest snowpack the state's ever recorded. The top three: 1977, which found just 3 percent of average water content, 1990, and 2013 — yes, just last year. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State and federal water managers have already reduced allocations to farms and city water customers to near zero, figuring they need to be careful with the state's meager supply of stored water. According to the Sacramento Bee's Matt Weiser, officials may begin to take more drastic action soon. \u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/2014/04/30/6368291/water-cutbacks-looming-for-california.html\" target=\"_blank\">Weiser reported Wednesday\u003c/a> that the State Water Resources Control Board may soon order \"hundreds of water agencies, farmers and other property owners to stop diverting water from rivers in which they have longstanding water rights.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rivers throughout the state could be affected, including the entire Sacamento-San Joaquin basin. The city of Sacramento could face a curtailment order as soon as May 15, Weiser reports, and strict rationaing orders could follow. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(What's a snow survey look like? Here's a video of one from last month, after a storm had dropped a pile of fresh powder on the survey site):\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"single-image\">[youtube http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ETt1YtvGEsM?rel=0&w=640&h=360]\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"State officials say water supply in mountains is just 18 percent of average for the date. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1451500220,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":11,"wordCount":534},"headData":{"title":"Season's Final Sierra Snow Survey -- Without the Snow | KQED","description":"State officials say water supply in mountains is just 18 percent of average for the date. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"134840 http://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=134840","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/05/01/seasons-final-sierra-snow-survey-without-the-snow/","disqusTitle":"Season's Final Sierra Snow Survey -- Without the Snow","customPermalink":"final-sierra-nevada-snow-survey-finds-just-bare-ground/","path":"/news/134840/seasons-final-sierra-snow-survey-without-the-snow","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Every winter, the California Department of Water Resources offers the public a little piece of what you might call outdoors theater. Once a month, the department sends a crew to a picturesque spot near Echo Summit, near U.S. 50 high above Lake Tahoe. The crew measures the snow, then tells reporters how much there is. Then the reporters tell the rest of us the news.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More snow is good, because it will melt when the weather warms up, then run down streams and rivers into the state's reservoirs. More water is good because that means there's enough for the farms that use about 80 percent of California water, and there's enough for the rest of us to water our lawns, wash our cars, and just run the tap without thinking a whole lot about it. There's even enough water in good years to let nature have some. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You might have heard that this is not one of those good years. Thursday, the Department of Water Resources gave us a reading on how not-good this year really is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's how Doug Carlson, an information officer at the department, put it when he spoke to KQED Science intern Shara Tonn on Thursday: \"This is the final snow survey of the year today. Didn't find much snow at all.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Human surveyors, who these days do little more than replicate what electronic sensors throughout the Sierra are recording every hour of every day during the snow season, found a snowless meadow when they visited a traditional measurement site near Echo Summit. The DWR reported that the physical measurements combined with electronic monitoring determined that the water content of snow throughout the Sierra Nevada is just 18 percent of average for May 1. In the northern Sierra, where melting snow is counted on to help fill the state's biggest reservoirs, the report is more dire: the water content of the snowpack there is just 7 percent of average. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carlson said it's the fourth-scantiest snowpack the state's ever recorded. The top three: 1977, which found just 3 percent of average water content, 1990, and 2013 — yes, just last year. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State and federal water managers have already reduced allocations to farms and city water customers to near zero, figuring they need to be careful with the state's meager supply of stored water. According to the Sacramento Bee's Matt Weiser, officials may begin to take more drastic action soon. \u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/2014/04/30/6368291/water-cutbacks-looming-for-california.html\" target=\"_blank\">Weiser reported Wednesday\u003c/a> that the State Water Resources Control Board may soon order \"hundreds of water agencies, farmers and other property owners to stop diverting water from rivers in which they have longstanding water rights.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rivers throughout the state could be affected, including the entire Sacamento-San Joaquin basin. The city of Sacramento could face a curtailment order as soon as May 15, Weiser reports, and strict rationaing orders could follow. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(What's a snow survey look like? Here's a video of one from last month, after a storm had dropped a pile of fresh powder on the survey site):\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"single-image\">\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/ETt1YtvGEsM?rel=0'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/ETt1YtvGEsM?rel=0'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/134840/seasons-final-sierra-snow-survey-without-the-snow","authors":["222"],"programs":["news_6944"],"categories":["news_19906","news_356"],"tags":["news_5428","news_17601","news_464","news_6216","news_467"],"featImg":"news_134848","label":"news_6944"},"news_131775":{"type":"posts","id":"news_131775","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"131775","score":null,"sort":[1397150201000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"california-drought-snapshot-lake-oroville-revisited","title":"California Drought Snapshot: Lake Oroville Revisited","publishDate":1397150201,"format":"aside","headTitle":"News Fix | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":6944,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_132206\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/04/13674395353_87807eebeb_o-1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-132206\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/04/13674395353_87807eebeb_o-1-640x441.jpg\" alt=\"View across the mini-terraces on what is often a slope beneath the surface of Lake Oroville. The terraces are formed by lapping water as the surface level changes. (Dan Brekke/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"441\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">View across the mini-terraces on what is often a slope beneath the surface of Lake Oroville. The terraces are formed by lapping water as the surface level changes. (Dan Brekke/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A little more than a year ago, I went car camping to the very nice Loafer Creek Campground at Lake Oroville State Recreation Area. The lake, the main reservoir for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.water.ca.gov/swp/\" target=\"_blank\">State Water Project\u003c/a> and the second-largest California reservoir after Lake Shasta, was about 85 percent full at the time. If you were following the vagaries of the state's 2012-13 water season, you might have been a little troubled by the fact the rains had virtually ceased after the turn of the new year. What wasn't apparent during that March 27, 2013, visit to Lake Oroville was that the rains wouldn't return in the fall either, and that the lake would fall to just one-third full by January — low in any season, but especially alarming in that the reservoir levels here and virtually everywhere else across the state continued to decline at a time when they'd usually be filling up with runoff from fall and early-winter storms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I drove back up to the lake on Jan. 18, the day the reservoir reached its lowest point during the current water year (which for the state Department of Water Resources runs from Oct. 1 through Sept. 30). The difference in the lake's appearance was dramatic. But when seasonal rains finally returned in early February, the lake began to rise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One way of measuring lake level is the height of the lake surface above sea level. When full, \u003ca href=\"http://www.water.ca.gov/swp/facilities/Oroville/LakeDam.cfm\">Lake Oroville's surface is 900 feet above sea level\u003c/a>. When I visited in March 2013, the surface level was 860 feet; when I went back in January, it stood at \u003ca href=\"http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cgi-progs/queryDaily?ORO&d=01-Feb-2014+12:21&span=32days\">701 feet\u003c/a>. The lake's surface elevation is now at \u003ca href=\"http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cgi-progs/queryDaily?s=ORO&d=&span=1month\" target=\"_blank\">762 feet\u003c/a> and rising.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"e17b60d3144582b0df8d5288e3acc9d7\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last weekend, I went back up to Oroville to take a look and take a new set of pictures to show the change since January. My impressions:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I suppose this is a \"glass half-full/half-empty\" exercise on a grand scale, especially since the lake is at almost exactly 50 percent of its total capacity right now. On the one hand, the lake is up 61 feet from the last time I saw it and has added about 40 percent to its storage -- it's added about 500,000 acre-feet since January, enough water for about 1 million California households. More water is coming, too: Even though the forecast for the next couple of weeks and beyond looks pretty dry, and even though we're nearing the tail end of the rainy season, the snowpack will start to melt and run down the branches of the Feather River that flow into the lake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://projects1.kqed.org/droughtslides/droughtsliders.html\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"640\" height=\"400\" frameborder=\"0\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The conventional wisdom is that half of the state's stored water is captured in the Sierra snows that wind up in streams, rivers and reservoirs. One slice of Lake Oroville history shows how dramatic an impact the snowpack can have:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drier-than-normal water years in 2007-08 and 2008-09 reduced the reservoir's long-term storage, and after a dry start to the 2009-10 season, Lake Oroville's levels fell to a shade more than 1 million acre-feet, less than 30 percent of capacity, and lowered the surface to \u003ca href=\"http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cgi-progs/queryDaily?ORO&d=10-Jan-2010+08:57&span=1month\" target=\"_blank\">665 feet above sea level by early January 2010\u003c/a>; that's about 20 percent less water and about 36 feet lower than the level we saw this past January. Then storms began arriving, dumping more than 20 inches of rain at the dam over the next four months and building the northern Sierra snowpack. The water content of the snow in the Feather River drainage reached about 130 percent of normal by early April 2010. The reservoir, which had reached its lowest point on Jan. 11, kept rising through June 29, when it reached its high point of about 2.7 million acre-feet and elevation of 843 feet above sea level. That's a rise of 178 feet in less than six months.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">A glass half-empty/half-full exercise on a grand scale.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>So that's the glass half-full. It's normal for our reservoirs to rise and fall, often dramatically. An empty-looking reservoir can fill up in a hurry when enough rain and snow arrive. And no, I'm not addressing here the impact of how the reservoirs are operated — how much water is released, when and why. To a certain extent, water managers need to be risk-takers, basing decisions on how much water they send to farms and cities downstream on educated guesses about long-term weather and watershed conditions. A year ago, when Lake Oroville was pushing 90 percent capacity, the Department of Water Resources was willing to freely release supplies. This year, \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/science/2014/04/09/during-long-dry-summer-of-drought-nobody-wins/\" target=\"_blank\">as my KQED Science colleague Lauren Sommer reports\u003c/a>, managers are cutting deliveries to virtually nothing and conserving as much of the reservoir supplies as they can just in case the drought continues into next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that brings us to the empty half of the glass for Lake Oroville: This year, the DWR estimates that the water content in the thin layer of snow in the Feather River watershed is just 13 percent of average for this time of year. Thirteen percent. So, we're not going to see any late season rise in the lake like the one in 2010. More likely, we'll see a scenario more like the one that unfolded in 2007-08, when drier-than-normal years left the lake at close to the same level we see today — 753 feet. The watershed's snowpack was also lower than normal, and though snowpack runoff gave the lake a boost, the reservoir topped out at just 760 feet and 50 percent capacity in late May. That dry rain year was followed by another, and in February 2009 the state declared a drought emergency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>None of this is meant to make a single reservoir, even a big one like Lake Oroville, seem more important than it really is. But in a state where it typically doesn't rain six months of the year, all that stored water makes it possible for 38 million people to live side by side with the nation's richest farm economy. And at the moment, Lake Oroville's water storage happens to mirror what's happening with the state's water supply picture as a whole: The Department of Water Resources' daily summary of 44 key reservoirs shows them collectively at 64.4 percent of average for today's date. Lake Oroville is at 65 percent.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Following the ups and downs of a key state reservoir and what they mean for the drought water supply.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1412207616,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":14,"wordCount":1136},"headData":{"title":"California Drought Snapshot: Lake Oroville Revisited | KQED","description":"Following the ups and downs of a key state reservoir and what they mean for the drought water supply.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"131775 http://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=131775","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/04/10/california-drought-snapshot-lake-oroville-revisited/","disqusTitle":"California Drought Snapshot: Lake Oroville Revisited","customPermalink":"2014/04/07/california-drought-snapshot-lake-oroville-revisited/","path":"/news/131775/california-drought-snapshot-lake-oroville-revisited","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_132206\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/04/13674395353_87807eebeb_o-1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-132206\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/04/13674395353_87807eebeb_o-1-640x441.jpg\" alt=\"View across the mini-terraces on what is often a slope beneath the surface of Lake Oroville. The terraces are formed by lapping water as the surface level changes. (Dan Brekke/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"441\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">View across the mini-terraces on what is often a slope beneath the surface of Lake Oroville. The terraces are formed by lapping water as the surface level changes. (Dan Brekke/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A little more than a year ago, I went car camping to the very nice Loafer Creek Campground at Lake Oroville State Recreation Area. The lake, the main reservoir for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.water.ca.gov/swp/\" target=\"_blank\">State Water Project\u003c/a> and the second-largest California reservoir after Lake Shasta, was about 85 percent full at the time. If you were following the vagaries of the state's 2012-13 water season, you might have been a little troubled by the fact the rains had virtually ceased after the turn of the new year. What wasn't apparent during that March 27, 2013, visit to Lake Oroville was that the rains wouldn't return in the fall either, and that the lake would fall to just one-third full by January — low in any season, but especially alarming in that the reservoir levels here and virtually everywhere else across the state continued to decline at a time when they'd usually be filling up with runoff from fall and early-winter storms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I drove back up to the lake on Jan. 18, the day the reservoir reached its lowest point during the current water year (which for the state Department of Water Resources runs from Oct. 1 through Sept. 30). The difference in the lake's appearance was dramatic. But when seasonal rains finally returned in early February, the lake began to rise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One way of measuring lake level is the height of the lake surface above sea level. When full, \u003ca href=\"http://www.water.ca.gov/swp/facilities/Oroville/LakeDam.cfm\">Lake Oroville's surface is 900 feet above sea level\u003c/a>. When I visited in March 2013, the surface level was 860 feet; when I went back in January, it stood at \u003ca href=\"http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cgi-progs/queryDaily?ORO&d=01-Feb-2014+12:21&span=32days\">701 feet\u003c/a>. The lake's surface elevation is now at \u003ca href=\"http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cgi-progs/queryDaily?s=ORO&d=&span=1month\" target=\"_blank\">762 feet\u003c/a> and rising.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last weekend, I went back up to Oroville to take a look and take a new set of pictures to show the change since January. My impressions:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I suppose this is a \"glass half-full/half-empty\" exercise on a grand scale, especially since the lake is at almost exactly 50 percent of its total capacity right now. On the one hand, the lake is up 61 feet from the last time I saw it and has added about 40 percent to its storage -- it's added about 500,000 acre-feet since January, enough water for about 1 million California households. More water is coming, too: Even though the forecast for the next couple of weeks and beyond looks pretty dry, and even though we're nearing the tail end of the rainy season, the snowpack will start to melt and run down the branches of the Feather River that flow into the lake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://projects1.kqed.org/droughtslides/droughtsliders.html\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"640\" height=\"400\" frameborder=\"0\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The conventional wisdom is that half of the state's stored water is captured in the Sierra snows that wind up in streams, rivers and reservoirs. One slice of Lake Oroville history shows how dramatic an impact the snowpack can have:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drier-than-normal water years in 2007-08 and 2008-09 reduced the reservoir's long-term storage, and after a dry start to the 2009-10 season, Lake Oroville's levels fell to a shade more than 1 million acre-feet, less than 30 percent of capacity, and lowered the surface to \u003ca href=\"http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cgi-progs/queryDaily?ORO&d=10-Jan-2010+08:57&span=1month\" target=\"_blank\">665 feet above sea level by early January 2010\u003c/a>; that's about 20 percent less water and about 36 feet lower than the level we saw this past January. Then storms began arriving, dumping more than 20 inches of rain at the dam over the next four months and building the northern Sierra snowpack. The water content of the snow in the Feather River drainage reached about 130 percent of normal by early April 2010. The reservoir, which had reached its lowest point on Jan. 11, kept rising through June 29, when it reached its high point of about 2.7 million acre-feet and elevation of 843 feet above sea level. That's a rise of 178 feet in less than six months.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">A glass half-empty/half-full exercise on a grand scale.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>So that's the glass half-full. It's normal for our reservoirs to rise and fall, often dramatically. An empty-looking reservoir can fill up in a hurry when enough rain and snow arrive. And no, I'm not addressing here the impact of how the reservoirs are operated — how much water is released, when and why. To a certain extent, water managers need to be risk-takers, basing decisions on how much water they send to farms and cities downstream on educated guesses about long-term weather and watershed conditions. A year ago, when Lake Oroville was pushing 90 percent capacity, the Department of Water Resources was willing to freely release supplies. This year, \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/science/2014/04/09/during-long-dry-summer-of-drought-nobody-wins/\" target=\"_blank\">as my KQED Science colleague Lauren Sommer reports\u003c/a>, managers are cutting deliveries to virtually nothing and conserving as much of the reservoir supplies as they can just in case the drought continues into next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that brings us to the empty half of the glass for Lake Oroville: This year, the DWR estimates that the water content in the thin layer of snow in the Feather River watershed is just 13 percent of average for this time of year. Thirteen percent. So, we're not going to see any late season rise in the lake like the one in 2010. More likely, we'll see a scenario more like the one that unfolded in 2007-08, when drier-than-normal years left the lake at close to the same level we see today — 753 feet. The watershed's snowpack was also lower than normal, and though snowpack runoff gave the lake a boost, the reservoir topped out at just 760 feet and 50 percent capacity in late May. That dry rain year was followed by another, and in February 2009 the state declared a drought emergency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>None of this is meant to make a single reservoir, even a big one like Lake Oroville, seem more important than it really is. But in a state where it typically doesn't rain six months of the year, all that stored water makes it possible for 38 million people to live side by side with the nation's richest farm economy. And at the moment, Lake Oroville's water storage happens to mirror what's happening with the state's water supply picture as a whole: The Department of Water Resources' daily summary of 44 key reservoirs shows them collectively at 64.4 percent of average for today's date. Lake Oroville is at 65 percent.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/131775/california-drought-snapshot-lake-oroville-revisited","authors":["222"],"programs":["news_6944"],"categories":["news_19906","news_356"],"tags":["news_5428","news_17601","news_4175","news_5641"],"featImg":"news_132206","label":"news_6944"},"news_125003":{"type":"posts","id":"news_125003","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"125003","score":null,"sort":[1391203095000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"california-water-officials-no-water-for-customers-this-year","title":"State Water Project: 'No Deliveries to Customers This Year'","publishDate":1391203095,"format":"aside","headTitle":"News Fix | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":6944,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_125004\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/01/12038237574_5ef255b3da_o.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-125004\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/01/12038237574_5ef255b3da_o-640x426.jpg\" alt=\"Lake Oroville, largest reservoir in the State Water Project, has fallen to just 36 percent of capacity. (Dan Brekke/KQED News)\" width=\"640\" height=\"426\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lake Oroville, largest reservoir in the State Water Project, has fallen to just 36 percent of capacity. (Dan Brekke/KQED News)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Here's the most dramatic development yet in California's Great Drought of 2013-14: The state Department of Water Resources announced today that for the first time in the 54-year history of the State Water Project, it can't promise to deliver a single drop of water to its city and farm customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.water.ca.gov/news/newsreleases/2014/013114prerss_conference.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">department's announcement\u003c/a> said its allotment of water to agencies that serve 25 million people and irrigate about 750,000 acres of farmland will be cut to 0 percent. The department had already put its customers on notice that this year would be hard: before today, it was only promising a 5 percent allotment of the amount of the 4.2 million acre-feet of water that agencies have contracted for. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some customer agencies still have a small amount of \"carryover\" water from previous years — water that had been allotted to the agencies but which they haven't used — and the state will allow them to tap those supplies. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Water Resources decision came at the same time the California \u003ca href=\"http://www.swrcb.ca.gov/waterrights/water_issues/programs/drought/docs/tucp/tucp_press_release.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Water Resources Control Board \u003c/a>announced that it's approving emergency measures to preserve the state's shrinking water supplies. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The board said it has approved a petition from state and federal water managers to reduce the amount of water flowing out of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta in February. That means less water will need to be released from upstream reservoirs to preserve higher flows mandated by earlier water-quality rulings. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The board also announced that starting next week, it will begin ordering some water-rights holders to curtail their diversion of water from streams in the Sacramento and San Joaquin Valleys. The orders will target \"junior\" water-rights holders, those whose claim to divert water was established more recently than \"senior\" rights holders. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Here's the AP's latest writethrough on the story: \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Juliet Williams\u003cbr>\nAssociated Press\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SACRAMENTO — Amid California's most crippling drought of modern times, state officials on Friday announced they won't allocate water to agencies that serve 25 million people and nearly 1 million acres of farmland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The announcement marks the first time in the 54-year history of the State Water Project that such an action has been taken. State Department of Water Resources Director Mark Cowin said the action was being taken to conserve the little water than remains behind the dams in the state's vast system of reservoirs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Simply put, there's not enough water in the system right now for customers to expect any water this season from the project,\" Cowin said in a statement that was released as numerous state and federal officials announced a variety of actions related to California's drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of the 29 agencies serving the towns and farms that draw from the State Water Project have other, local sources of water. But the total cutoff of state water deliveries this spring and summer could have a national impact because it will affect farms in one of the nation's richest agricultural belts.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">'Simply put, there's not enough water in the system right now for customers to expect any water this season from the project.'\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Mark Cowin\u003cbr>\nDepartment of Water Resources\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\"These actions will protect us all in the long run,\" Cowin said during the news conference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Friday's action comes after Gov. Jerry Brown made an official drought declaration, clearing the way for state and federal agencies to coordinate efforts to preserve water and send it to where it is needed most. The governor urged Californians to reduce their water use by 20 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It also reflects the severity of the dry conditions in the nation's most populous state. Officials say 2013 was the state's driest calendar year since records started being kept, and this year is heading in the same direction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A snow survey on Thursday in the Sierra Nevada, one of the state's key water sources, found the water content in the meager snowpack is just 12 percent of normal. Reservoirs are lower than they were at the same time in 1977, which is one of the two previous driest water years on record.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State officials have said that 17 rural communities are in danger of a severe water shortage within four months. Wells are running dry or reservoirs are nearly empty in some communities. Others have long-running problems that predate the drought.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Department of Water Resources says SWP reservoirs are too low to send shipments to farms and cities. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1391210017,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":19,"wordCount":759},"headData":{"title":"State Water Project: 'No Deliveries to Customers This Year' | KQED","description":"Department of Water Resources says SWP reservoirs are too low to send shipments to farms and cities. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"125003 http://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=125003","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/01/31/california-water-officials-no-water-for-customers-this-year/","disqusTitle":"State Water Project: 'No Deliveries to Customers This Year'","customPermalink":"2014/01/31/state-water-project-deliveries-canceled-because-of-drought/","path":"/news/125003/california-water-officials-no-water-for-customers-this-year","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_125004\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/01/12038237574_5ef255b3da_o.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-125004\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/01/12038237574_5ef255b3da_o-640x426.jpg\" alt=\"Lake Oroville, largest reservoir in the State Water Project, has fallen to just 36 percent of capacity. (Dan Brekke/KQED News)\" width=\"640\" height=\"426\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lake Oroville, largest reservoir in the State Water Project, has fallen to just 36 percent of capacity. (Dan Brekke/KQED News)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Here's the most dramatic development yet in California's Great Drought of 2013-14: The state Department of Water Resources announced today that for the first time in the 54-year history of the State Water Project, it can't promise to deliver a single drop of water to its city and farm customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.water.ca.gov/news/newsreleases/2014/013114prerss_conference.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">department's announcement\u003c/a> said its allotment of water to agencies that serve 25 million people and irrigate about 750,000 acres of farmland will be cut to 0 percent. The department had already put its customers on notice that this year would be hard: before today, it was only promising a 5 percent allotment of the amount of the 4.2 million acre-feet of water that agencies have contracted for. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some customer agencies still have a small amount of \"carryover\" water from previous years — water that had been allotted to the agencies but which they haven't used — and the state will allow them to tap those supplies. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Water Resources decision came at the same time the California \u003ca href=\"http://www.swrcb.ca.gov/waterrights/water_issues/programs/drought/docs/tucp/tucp_press_release.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Water Resources Control Board \u003c/a>announced that it's approving emergency measures to preserve the state's shrinking water supplies. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The board said it has approved a petition from state and federal water managers to reduce the amount of water flowing out of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta in February. That means less water will need to be released from upstream reservoirs to preserve higher flows mandated by earlier water-quality rulings. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The board also announced that starting next week, it will begin ordering some water-rights holders to curtail their diversion of water from streams in the Sacramento and San Joaquin Valleys. The orders will target \"junior\" water-rights holders, those whose claim to divert water was established more recently than \"senior\" rights holders. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Here's the AP's latest writethrough on the story: \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Juliet Williams\u003cbr>\nAssociated Press\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SACRAMENTO — Amid California's most crippling drought of modern times, state officials on Friday announced they won't allocate water to agencies that serve 25 million people and nearly 1 million acres of farmland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The announcement marks the first time in the 54-year history of the State Water Project that such an action has been taken. State Department of Water Resources Director Mark Cowin said the action was being taken to conserve the little water than remains behind the dams in the state's vast system of reservoirs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Simply put, there's not enough water in the system right now for customers to expect any water this season from the project,\" Cowin said in a statement that was released as numerous state and federal officials announced a variety of actions related to California's drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of the 29 agencies serving the towns and farms that draw from the State Water Project have other, local sources of water. But the total cutoff of state water deliveries this spring and summer could have a national impact because it will affect farms in one of the nation's richest agricultural belts.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">'Simply put, there's not enough water in the system right now for customers to expect any water this season from the project.'\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Mark Cowin\u003cbr>\nDepartment of Water Resources\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\"These actions will protect us all in the long run,\" Cowin said during the news conference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Friday's action comes after Gov. Jerry Brown made an official drought declaration, clearing the way for state and federal agencies to coordinate efforts to preserve water and send it to where it is needed most. The governor urged Californians to reduce their water use by 20 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It also reflects the severity of the dry conditions in the nation's most populous state. Officials say 2013 was the state's driest calendar year since records started being kept, and this year is heading in the same direction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A snow survey on Thursday in the Sierra Nevada, one of the state's key water sources, found the water content in the meager snowpack is just 12 percent of normal. Reservoirs are lower than they were at the same time in 1977, which is one of the two previous driest water years on record.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State officials have said that 17 rural communities are in danger of a severe water shortage within four months. Wells are running dry or reservoirs are nearly empty in some communities. Others have long-running problems that predate the drought.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/125003/california-water-officials-no-water-for-customers-this-year","authors":["222"],"programs":["news_6944"],"categories":["news_19906","news_356"],"tags":["news_5428","news_17601","news_5641","news_483"],"featImg":"news_125004","label":"news_6944"},"news_121987":{"type":"posts","id":"news_121987","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"121987","score":null,"sort":[1388154637000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"coming-face-to-face-with-the-real-cost-of-the-delta-tunnel-plan","title":"Coming Face to Face With the Real Cost of the Delta Tunnel Plan ","publishDate":1388154637,"format":"aside","headTitle":"News Fix | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":6944,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_122000\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/12/26/coming-face-to-face-with-cost-of-delta-tunnel-plan/rs3305_delta120111-scr/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-122000\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/12/RS3305_delta120111-scr-640x426.jpg\" alt=\"Part of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, focus of a massive new water diversion and habitat restoration plan. (California Department of Water Resources). \" width=\"640\" height=\"426\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-122000\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Part of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, focus of a massive new water diversion and habitat restoration plan. (California Department of Water Resources).\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>There are two ways to look at any big-ticket item you're going to buy using borrowed money. There's the sticker price — say the $30,000 you agree to pay Volkswagen or Toyota or Ford when you buy a new vehicle. And then there's the price of the money you borrow for the purchase. Let's say you take out a $30,000 loan to buy the car and agree to pay 5 percent interest over five years. You'll get your nice new ride and pay thousands more than the original price as you pay it off. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That same kind of calculation comes into play when considering much bigger purchases — you might think of them as \"projects\" — like Gov. Jerry Brown's plan to re-plumb the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta by building twin 35-mile tunnels. The plan, which aims to improve the reliability of water shipments to the South Bay, San Joaquin Valley and Southern California while improving environmental conditions in the estuary, carries a big price tag — depending on whose numbers you're using, somewhere between $15 billion and $18 billion for the giant tunnels themselves and maybe $9 billion more for a hugely ambitious habitat restoration plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that's just the estimated sticker price for the facility, which has been creeping upward ever since the early 1980s, when the cost of Brown's plan for a Peripheral Canal around the Delta was pegged at $1.3 billion. Of course, a dollar was a dollar then. Three years ago, \u003ca href=\"http://switchboard.nrdc.org/blogs/bnelson/BDCP%20Cost%20Illustration%20%282010-09-17%20Principals%29.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">the administration of Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger estimated\u003c/a> the price of a new Delta \"conveyance facility\" — a canal or a tunnel — at $12 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those numbers look a lot different when you count the cost of financing. Instead of paying the bank for just a few years to buy a car, the farm and city water agencies that are supposed to bear the cost of building the tunnels and the taxpayers who will pay for habitat restoration and other environmental fixes will be paying off creditors — anyone who buys bonds for the projects — for decades. Natural Resources Defense Council lawyer Barry Nelson \u003ca href=\"http://switchboard.nrdc.org/blogs/bnelson/financing_the_delta_plan_-_con.html\" target=\"_blank\">pointed out in February 2011\u003c/a> that the Schwarzenegger administration's analysis suggested the 50-year cost of building, operating and financing a Delta tunnel and paying for habitat restoration would be $47 billion. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it turns out that might be a low-ball estimate. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paul Rogers, environmental reporter for the San Jose Mercury News and managing editor for \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/science/\" target=\"_blank\">KQED Science,\u003c/a> says in a story published today that a new analysis of the cost shows it might be as high as $67 billion. That number comes from a presentation last month to the Westlands Water District, which supplies more than 600 farms on about 1,000 square miles of the western San Joaquin. Rogers reports that a presentation from a Westlands staffer and a bond consultant presented three scenarios at a water district workshop last month: \u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Each [scenario] considered bonds issued for 30 years at 5 percent interest. They pegged the cost to build the tunnels at $18 billion, and overall cost with financing at $42 billion to $58 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the $9 billion more in wetlands restoration, monitoring and other costs are included, the grand total is $51 billion to $67 billion.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>As Rogers points out, those numbers could have a huge impact on the debate over whether to build the tunnels. On one hand, agencies like Westlands and L.A.'s Metropolitan Water District will have to decide whether they and their rate-payers can handle the cost, even when it's not completely certain yet how much water the project will deliver. On the other hand, deficit-wary voters will be asked at some point to approve bonds to help pay for the plan's environmental improvements. Rogers quotes Mark Cowin, chief of the state's Department of Water Resources:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Cowin ... confirmed the estimates are accurate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The assumptions they've made are reasonable,\" he said. \"But financing is confusing. There isn't any doubt about it. It's hard to relay information that the public understands. We need to be clear that if you add up the total debt service, that's a different type of calculation than the capital cost estimate. I would hope those two types of estimates aren't confused.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Cowin also poses what amounts to \u003cem>the\u003c/em> perennial question in the debate over what to do to restore the Delta, safeguard imperiled fish species like chinook salmon and make sure that valley farmers and cities near and far can get a reliable share of the water that flows through the estuary:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What are the costs if we don't do it?\"\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A presentation to San Joaquin irrigation district suggests total price tag could hit $67 billion. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1388164837,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":15,"wordCount":817},"headData":{"title":"Coming Face to Face With the Real Cost of the Delta Tunnel Plan | KQED","description":"A presentation to San Joaquin irrigation district suggests total price tag could hit $67 billion. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"121987 http://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=121987","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/12/27/coming-face-to-face-with-the-real-cost-of-the-delta-tunnel-plan/","disqusTitle":"Coming Face to Face With the Real Cost of the Delta Tunnel Plan ","customPermalink":"2013/12/26/coming-face-to-face-with-cost-of-delta-tunnel-plan/","path":"/news/121987/coming-face-to-face-with-the-real-cost-of-the-delta-tunnel-plan","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_122000\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/12/26/coming-face-to-face-with-cost-of-delta-tunnel-plan/rs3305_delta120111-scr/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-122000\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/12/RS3305_delta120111-scr-640x426.jpg\" alt=\"Part of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, focus of a massive new water diversion and habitat restoration plan. (California Department of Water Resources). \" width=\"640\" height=\"426\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-122000\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Part of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, focus of a massive new water diversion and habitat restoration plan. (California Department of Water Resources).\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>There are two ways to look at any big-ticket item you're going to buy using borrowed money. There's the sticker price — say the $30,000 you agree to pay Volkswagen or Toyota or Ford when you buy a new vehicle. And then there's the price of the money you borrow for the purchase. Let's say you take out a $30,000 loan to buy the car and agree to pay 5 percent interest over five years. You'll get your nice new ride and pay thousands more than the original price as you pay it off. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That same kind of calculation comes into play when considering much bigger purchases — you might think of them as \"projects\" — like Gov. Jerry Brown's plan to re-plumb the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta by building twin 35-mile tunnels. The plan, which aims to improve the reliability of water shipments to the South Bay, San Joaquin Valley and Southern California while improving environmental conditions in the estuary, carries a big price tag — depending on whose numbers you're using, somewhere between $15 billion and $18 billion for the giant tunnels themselves and maybe $9 billion more for a hugely ambitious habitat restoration plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that's just the estimated sticker price for the facility, which has been creeping upward ever since the early 1980s, when the cost of Brown's plan for a Peripheral Canal around the Delta was pegged at $1.3 billion. Of course, a dollar was a dollar then. Three years ago, \u003ca href=\"http://switchboard.nrdc.org/blogs/bnelson/BDCP%20Cost%20Illustration%20%282010-09-17%20Principals%29.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">the administration of Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger estimated\u003c/a> the price of a new Delta \"conveyance facility\" — a canal or a tunnel — at $12 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those numbers look a lot different when you count the cost of financing. Instead of paying the bank for just a few years to buy a car, the farm and city water agencies that are supposed to bear the cost of building the tunnels and the taxpayers who will pay for habitat restoration and other environmental fixes will be paying off creditors — anyone who buys bonds for the projects — for decades. Natural Resources Defense Council lawyer Barry Nelson \u003ca href=\"http://switchboard.nrdc.org/blogs/bnelson/financing_the_delta_plan_-_con.html\" target=\"_blank\">pointed out in February 2011\u003c/a> that the Schwarzenegger administration's analysis suggested the 50-year cost of building, operating and financing a Delta tunnel and paying for habitat restoration would be $47 billion. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it turns out that might be a low-ball estimate. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paul Rogers, environmental reporter for the San Jose Mercury News and managing editor for \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/science/\" target=\"_blank\">KQED Science,\u003c/a> says in a story published today that a new analysis of the cost shows it might be as high as $67 billion. That number comes from a presentation last month to the Westlands Water District, which supplies more than 600 farms on about 1,000 square miles of the western San Joaquin. Rogers reports that a presentation from a Westlands staffer and a bond consultant presented three scenarios at a water district workshop last month: \u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Each [scenario] considered bonds issued for 30 years at 5 percent interest. They pegged the cost to build the tunnels at $18 billion, and overall cost with financing at $42 billion to $58 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the $9 billion more in wetlands restoration, monitoring and other costs are included, the grand total is $51 billion to $67 billion.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>As Rogers points out, those numbers could have a huge impact on the debate over whether to build the tunnels. On one hand, agencies like Westlands and L.A.'s Metropolitan Water District will have to decide whether they and their rate-payers can handle the cost, even when it's not completely certain yet how much water the project will deliver. On the other hand, deficit-wary voters will be asked at some point to approve bonds to help pay for the plan's environmental improvements. Rogers quotes Mark Cowin, chief of the state's Department of Water Resources:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Cowin ... confirmed the estimates are accurate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The assumptions they've made are reasonable,\" he said. \"But financing is confusing. There isn't any doubt about it. It's hard to relay information that the public understands. We need to be clear that if you add up the total debt service, that's a different type of calculation than the capital cost estimate. I would hope those two types of estimates aren't confused.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Cowin also poses what amounts to \u003cem>the\u003c/em> perennial question in the debate over what to do to restore the Delta, safeguard imperiled fish species like chinook salmon and make sure that valley farmers and cities near and far can get a reliable share of the water that flows through the estuary:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What are the costs if we don't do it?\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/121987/coming-face-to-face-with-the-real-cost-of-the-delta-tunnel-plan","authors":["222"],"programs":["news_6944"],"categories":["news_19906","news_356"],"tags":["news_4046","news_5428","news_5427","news_2513"],"featImg":"news_122000","label":"news_6944"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.","airtime":"THU 10pm, FRI 1am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Commonwealth Club of California"},"link":"/radio/program/commonwealth-club","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"}},"considerthis":{"id":"considerthis","title":"Consider This","tagline":"Make sense of the day","info":"Make sense of the day. Every weekday afternoon, Consider This helps you consider the major stories of the day in less than 15 minutes, featuring the reporting and storytelling resources of NPR. Plus, KQED’s Bianca Taylor brings you the local KQED news you need to know.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Consider-This-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"Consider This from NPR and KQED","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/considerthis","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"7"},"link":"/podcasts/considerthis","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1503226625?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/coronavirusdaily","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM1NS9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbA","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3Z6JdCS2d0eFEpXHKI6WqH"}},"forum":{"id":"forum","title":"Forum","tagline":"The conversation starts here","info":"KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal","officialWebsiteLink":"/forum","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"8"},"link":"/forum","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-forum/id73329719","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432307980/forum","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-forum-podcast","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9557381633"}},"freakonomics-radio":{"id":"freakonomics-radio","title":"Freakonomics Radio","info":"Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. 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One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.","airtime":"MON-FRI 7pm-8pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Fresh-Air-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/fresh-air/","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/fresh-air","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Fresh-Air-p17/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"}},"here-and-now":{"id":"here-and-now","title":"Here & Now","info":"A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.","airtime":"MON-THU 11am-12pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Here-And-Now-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://www.wbur.org/hereandnow","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/here-and-now","subsdcribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=426698661","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Here--Now-p211/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"}},"how-i-built-this":{"id":"how-i-built-this","title":"How I Built This with Guy Raz","info":"Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. 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No other part of the globe has experienced such dynamic political and social change in recent years.","airtime":"SAT 3am-4am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Inside-Europe-Podcast-Tile-300x300-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Deutsche Welle"},"link":"/radio/program/inside-europe","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/inside-europe/id80106806?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Inside-Europe-p731/","rss":"https://partner.dw.com/xml/podcast_inside-europe"}},"latino-usa":{"id":"latino-usa","title":"Latino USA","airtime":"MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm","info":"Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://latinousa.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/latino-usa","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/xtTd","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Latino-USA-p621/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"}},"live-from-here-highlights":{"id":"live-from-here-highlights","title":"Live from Here Highlights","info":"Chris Thile steps to the mic as the host of Live from Here (formerly A Prairie Home Companion), a live public radio variety show. 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Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.","airtime":"MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.marketplace.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"American Public Media"},"link":"/radio/program/marketplace","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=201853034&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/APM-Marketplace-p88/","rss":"https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"}},"mindshift":{"id":"mindshift","title":"MindShift","tagline":"A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids","info":"The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn","officialWebsiteLink":"/mindshift/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"2"},"link":"/podcasts/mindshift","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"}},"morning-edition":{"id":"morning-edition","title":"Morning Edition","info":"\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. 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