Murder, the Military and Radicalization: How Much Is Tied to a Lack of Support for Veterans?
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His work has also appeared on the \u003cem>The California Report\u003c/em> morning show and \u003cem>KQED News\u003c/em>. His production credits include \u003cem>The California Report, The California Report Magazine\u003c/em> and KQED's local news podcast \u003cem>The Bay\u003c/em>. Other credits include NPR's \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em>, WNYC's \u003cem>Science Friday\u003c/em>, WBUR's \u003cem>Here & Now\u003c/em>, WIRED and SFGate. Peter graduated from Brown University and earned a master's degree in journalism from Stanford. He's covered everything from homelessness to wildfires, health, the environment, arts and Thanksgiving in San Quentin prison. In other lives, he played rock n roll music and studied neuroscience. You can email him at: parcuni@kqed.org","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d5032f6f27199d478af34ad2e1d98732?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"peterarcuni","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"news","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Peter Arcuni | KQED","description":"Reporter","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d5032f6f27199d478af34ad2e1d98732?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d5032f6f27199d478af34ad2e1d98732?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/parcuni"},"ahall":{"type":"authors","id":"11490","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"11490","found":true},"name":"Alex Hall","firstName":"Alex","lastName":"Hall","slug":"ahall","email":"ahall@kqed.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":["news"],"title":"KQED Enterprise & Accountability Reporter","bio":"Alex Hall is KQED's Enterprise and Accountability Reporter. She previously covered the Central Valley for five years from KQED's bureau in Fresno. Before joining KQED, Alex was an investigative reporting fellow at Wisconsin Public Radio and the Wisconsin Center for Investigative Journalism. She has also worked as a bilingual producer for NPR's investigative unit and freelance video producer for Reuters TV on the Latin America desk. She got her start in journalism in South America, where she worked as a radio producer and Spanish-English translator for CNN Chile. Her documentary and investigation into the series of deadly COVID-19 outbreaks at Foster Farms won a national Edward R. Murrow award and was named an Investigative Reporters & Editors award finalist. Alex's reporting for Reveal on the Wisconsin dairy industry's reliance on undocumented immigrant labor was made into a film, Los Lecheros, which won a regional Edward R. Murrow award for best news documentary.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/defcbeb88b0bf591ff9af41f22644051?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"@chalexhall","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"news","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Alex Hall | KQED","description":"KQED Enterprise & Accountability Reporter","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/defcbeb88b0bf591ff9af41f22644051?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/defcbeb88b0bf591ff9af41f22644051?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/ahall"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"news","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"news_11966533":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11966533","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11966533","score":null,"sort":[1699304389000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"californias-unhoused-crisis-hits-veterans-hard-despite-funding-efforts","title":"California's Unhoused Crisis Hits Veterans Hard, Despite Funding Efforts","publishDate":1699304389,"format":"standard","headTitle":"California’s Unhoused Crisis Hits Veterans Hard, Despite Funding Efforts | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>California has poured billions of dollars into finding homes for unhoused veterans, but the number of former military service members living on the street has held steady for almost a decade. Today, a third of the nation’s unhoused veterans are in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tori Gibson of San Francisco is one of them. She’s been looking for a stable place to live since she left the Navy seven years ago, and it hasn’t been easy for her. She left the service in part because of health issues that continue to debilitate her. [pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Tori Gibson, Navy veteran, San Francisco\"]‘It was just a really bad spiral of just more disability and then less money and no support.’[/pullquote]Now 32 and undergoing a gender transition, she’s struggling to make ends meet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was just a really bad spiral of just more disability and then less money and no support,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She’s searching for a new start as Gov. Gavin Newsom proposes a significant change in the state’s strategy for ending veteran homelessness. His plan, included in a \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/health/mental-health/2023/09/gavin-newsom-mental-health-2024-election/\">$6.4 billion mental health bond\u003c/a> he’s sending to voters in the March primary election, would set aside funding specifically for veterans with serious behavioral health conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s a shift from California’s last two major efforts to fund housing for veterans, which created units for a general population of former military service members.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first effort began in the late 1990s when the state built seven new veterans’ homes over 17 years. Today, those veterans’ homes are underused. They \u003ca href=\"https://www.calvet.ca.gov/Documents/Master%20Plan%202020.pdf\">were built to house about 2,400 people\u003c/a>, but only 1,575 veterans live there. \u003ca href=\"https://www.sacbee.com/news/politics-government/the-state-worker/article242868816.html\">The 300-unit veterans home in Barstow\u003c/a> was so underutilized in 2020 that Newsom moved to close it as he braced for a pandemic recession, although \u003ca href=\"https://abc7.com/save-veterans-home-barstow-veterans-state-cuts-threaten-to-close-shut-down/6249524/\">lawmakers blocked him from shutting the site\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The second push centered on a pair of ballot measures voters approved in \u003ca href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/California_Proposition_41,_Veterans_Housing_and_Homeless_Prevention_Bond_(June_2014)\">2014\u003c/a> and in \u003ca href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/California_Proposition_1,_Housing_Programs_and_Veterans%27_Loans_Bond_(2018)\">2018\u003c/a> that allocated $4.6 billion to build housing specifically for former military service members. The money created the \u003ca href=\"https://www.hcd.ca.gov/grants-and-funding/programs-active/veterans-housing-and-homelessness-prevention\">Veterans Housing and Homelessness Prevention Program\u003c/a>, which has supported the construction of about 3,250 housing units for veterans to date.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Veterans advocates and state officials view the programs — along with federal efforts led by the \u003ca href=\"https://www.hud.gov/program_offices/public_indian_housing/programs/hcv/vash\">Department of Veterans Affairs\u003c/a> — as successful in reducing homelessness among former military service members. In the last 12 years, veteran homelessness in California has decreased by more than 30%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the trend in California mostly accounts for gains made during the Obama administration, when veteran homelessness peaked nationwide, and the Department of Veterans Affairs moved aggressively to place former troops in housing. Since 2014, the number of homeless veterans in California has mostly plateaued around 10,000 to 12,000 people, according to annual counts released by the Department of Housing and Urban Development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"The number of homeless veterans in California has fallen by more than 4,000 people since data collection began\" aria-label=\"Column Chart\" id=\"datawrapper-chart-Z2Fqo\" src=\"https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/Z2Fqo/4/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"400\" data-external=\"1\" width=\"100%\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alex Visotzky, senior California policy fellow at the National Alliance to End Homelessness, said the high numbers of veteran homelessness result from the challenges veterans face on returning home in California’s \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/housing/2023/06/california-homeless-growth-report/\">competitive housing market\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When housing markets are unaffordable and incredibly competitive, those with the greatest needs are going to be more likely to fall out,” he said. [pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Alex Visotzky, senior California policy fellow, National Alliance to End Homelessness\"]‘When housing markets are unaffordable and incredibly competitive, those with the greatest needs are going to be more likely to fall out.’[/pullquote]Newsom’s new strategy in the mental health bond, advocates say, should help those most in need. The California Department of Veterans Affairs estimates that half of the state’s unhoused veterans suffer from some behavioral health issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The money in the bond would go to the state’s Department of Housing and Community Development, which would work with CalVet “to focus specifically on housing veterans experiencing behavioral health challenges,” said Assemblymember Jacqui Irwin, the Thousand Oaks Democrat who wrote the bill that ultimately put the bond on the ballot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Studies have shown veterans are \u003ca href=\"https://www.research.va.gov/topics/homelessness.cfm\">overrepresented in the nation’s homeless population\u003c/a>. They may experience personal challenges, such as post-traumatic stress disorders or other mental health issues, as well as disabilities related to their military service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Transitioning from that very specific culture and society to civilian life is a lifelong process,” said Amy Fairweather, director of policy at the veterans advocacy group Swords to Plowshares. “If you do have any physical or mental disabilities, dealing with those and trying to re-enter civilian life can be very difficult.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>California’s veterans’ homes\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>California’s long history of providing housing to former military service members dates to 1884 when it opened an estate in \u003ca href=\"https://www.calvet.ca.gov/VetHomes/Pages/Yountville.aspx\">Napa County as the state’s first veterans home\u003c/a>. That site is still in operation, housing around 600 veterans on a picturesque property in wine country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Altogether, the state now has eight veterans homes. The two largest homes are in fairly remote communities — one is in Napa County’s Yountville, and the second is in Barstow in the Mojave Deserts. Moving to them can mean living far from a veteran’s family. That geography somewhat limits interest in the homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The homes account for the lion’s share of CalVet’s $650 million annual budget. Some advocates have called on the state to put money into programs that would benefit people who don’t necessarily want to live in a veterans’ home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"California's veterans homes\" aria-label=\"Locator maps\" id=\"datawrapper-chart-wYJ4R\" src=\"https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/wYJ4R/1/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"width: 0; min-width: 100% !important; border: none;\" height=\"599\" data-external=\"1\" width=\"100%\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Map: Liliana MichelenaSource: \u003ca href=\"https://www.calvet.ca.gov/calvet-programs/veteran-homes\">California Department of Veteran Affairs\u003c/a> Created with \u003ca href=\"https://www.datawrapper.de/_/wYJ4R/\">Datawrapper\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The state should keep its promises to the current home residents, but as things change, the program needs to be less structured on just providing room and board for a minimal number of people and more structured on providing skilled nursing facility care for those who need it,” said Ethan Rarick, executive director at Little Hoover Commission, which published \u003ca href=\"https://lhc.ca.gov/sites/lhc.ca.gov/files/Reports/237/Report237.pdf\">a report on the veterans’ homes in 2017\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Outside of the veterans homes, California approved a series of bonds meant to help military service members find housing beginning in 2008. The Veterans Bond Act, passed that year, provided $900 million to veterans through the CalVet Home Loans Program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2014, California passed an initiative creating the Veterans Housing and Homelessness Program, which put $600 million toward building multi-family homes for veterans. A second ballot initiative in 2018 gave another $4 billion to the program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal Department of Veterans Affairs, meanwhile, has kept up steady funding for housing vouchers that can provide a place to live for former troops. The Veterans Affairs Supportive Housing program, \u003ca href=\"https://www.va.gov/homeless/hud-vash.asp\">commonly known as HUD-VASH\u003c/a>, was a centerpiece of the Bush and Obama administration’s efforts to curb veterans’ homelessness. It provides rental assistance to over 100,000 veterans nationally.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A steep drop in veteran homelessness\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The number of \u003ca href=\"https://news.va.gov/press-room/ranks-of-homeless-veterans-drop-18-percent/\">unhoused veterans in the U.S. peaked during the Great Recession\u003c/a> when the VA in 2007 reported some 154,000 former troops were homeless.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At that time, Fairweather of Swords to Plowshares said many of those deployed in the Iraq and Afghanistan wars were starting to come back home “to a society that wasn’t prepared for it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On top of that, they and older veterans struggled in the economic downturn, which led to more unemployment and homelessness. [pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Amy Fairweather, director of policy, Swords to Plowshares, a veterans advocacy group\"]‘It all came together in a way that was really disadvantageous to the veterans.’[/pullquote]“It all came together in a way that was really disadvantageous to the veterans,” Fairweather said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, the VA estimated about \u003ca href=\"https://www.va.gov/homeless/pit_count.asp\">33,000 veterans were homeless\u003c/a> nationwide. According to the 2021 annual homelessness assessment report by the federal Department of Housing and Urban Development, more than half are over age 55. The data also shows that Black veterans are more likely to be homeless than veterans belonging to other races.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advocates say veterans can be reluctant to ask for help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When veterans ultimately fall down that hole into homelessness, what is happening along with that is that they’re losing connection with friends and family because they’re ashamed that their life is falling apart and it’s hard for them to ask for help,” said Stephen Peck, \u003ca href=\"https://usvets.org/\">president of the veterans support organization U.S. Vets\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11966540\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11966540\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/11/CM02.jpg\" alt=\"A person stands in front of an apartment building. They wear a face mask and have glasses.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/11/CM02.jpg 2000w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/11/CM02-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/11/CM02-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/11/CM02-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/11/CM02-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/11/CM02-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tory Gibson, a veteran who has experienced homelessness, in San Francisco on Oct. 31, 2023. \u003ccite>( Felix Uribe/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>San Francisco native and Army veteran Latoya White has struggled to stay housed in the dozen years since she left the service. She has found it difficult to afford rent even though she was able to keep decent jobs at a grocery store, the San Francisco airport and now as a city bus driver.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She was unfamiliar with the resources the VA offered to veterans, like housing vouchers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve always had benefits through my job. I don’t think that then the VA had as many resources as they have now. I did go to the VA and they’re so limited on what they could help me with. So, you know, I just went and got a job and I just was really self-sufficient,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After sleeping in her car and couch surfing for several years, White reached out for help from the advocacy group Swords to Plowshares. That led her to transitional housing, and then to an apartment in San Francisco this June through the HUD-VASH program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of us didn’t even know anything about the HUD-VASH program,” White, 34, said. “A lot of veterans don’t even know that there is assistance out there for them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What does Newsom want to do?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Putting the money into the mental health bond comes with a tradeoff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In advancing Newsom’s mental health plan, lawmakers amended an early version of Assemblymember Irwin’s veterans’ housing bill that would have issued more bonds for\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billVersionsCompareClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB531&cversion=20230AB53199INT\"> the existing veterans’ housing program\u003c/a>. Without new funding, the program that supports the construction of multi-unit veterans’ housing is expected to run out of money in 2024.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still,\u003ca href=\"https://treatmentnottents.com/?gclid=CjwKCAjw15eqBhBZEiwAbDomEmjiLODon4xwymj3drkdEFkEUL9z2Ico7Vj0NhjH04C0RWZuaj8v4RoCphcQAvD_BwE\"> representatives for Newsom’s ballot measure\u003c/a> in a written statement said the bond would create more capacity to help former troops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Proposition 1 adds new money for California’s most vulnerable veterans without any redirection or reprioritization from the current program. Without Proposition 1, there would be zero funding for homeless veteran housing moving forward, which is why the measure is so critically needed,” the statement read.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Altogether, the ballot measure going to voters includes $6.4 billion to fund projects for behavioral health issues and those at risk of homelessness. It also includes a proposal to adjust how the state spends money it collects for mental health services from a tax on personal income over $1 million, aiming to direct more of the funds to housing. [aside label='More Stories on the Unhoused Community' tag='homeless']The $1 billion for veterans housing will be distributed through loans and grants by the Department of Housing and Community Development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Representatives from veterans’ groups say the program’s success could hinge on getting the word out and providing services that provide a path out of homelessness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At U.S. Vets, Peck said the nonprofit strives to create a community where veterans help veterans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Building that community is really important,” he said. “A federal veteran who’s been through the process already is probably more effective than we are as social workers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gibson, who currently lives in transitional housing provided by Swords to Plowshares, has started to find that community through the nonprofit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I talked to them about how I’m struggling with some issues and they are pretty open and supportive about it,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gibson hopes that federal and state services fund more community-oriented programs like hers, so more veterans can feel at home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Despite significant spending on housing, California's unhoused veteran population remains stagnant. Gov. Gavin Newsom aims to redirect resources toward veterans with severe mental health conditions. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1699304608,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":true,"iframeSrcs":["https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/Z2Fqo/4/","https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/wYJ4R/1/"],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":48,"wordCount":2085},"headData":{"title":"California's Unhoused Crisis Hits Veterans Hard, Despite Funding Efforts | KQED","description":"Despite significant spending on housing, California's unhoused veteran population remains stagnant. Gov. Gavin Newsom aims to redirect resources toward veterans with severe mental health conditions. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"source":"CalMatters","sourceUrl":"https://calmatters.org/","nprByline":"\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/author/shreya-agrawal/\">Shreya Agrawal\u003c/a>","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11966533/californias-unhoused-crisis-hits-veterans-hard-despite-funding-efforts","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California has poured billions of dollars into finding homes for unhoused veterans, but the number of former military service members living on the street has held steady for almost a decade. Today, a third of the nation’s unhoused veterans are in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tori Gibson of San Francisco is one of them. She’s been looking for a stable place to live since she left the Navy seven years ago, and it hasn’t been easy for her. She left the service in part because of health issues that continue to debilitate her. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘It was just a really bad spiral of just more disability and then less money and no support.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Tori Gibson, Navy veteran, San Francisco","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Now 32 and undergoing a gender transition, she’s struggling to make ends meet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was just a really bad spiral of just more disability and then less money and no support,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She’s searching for a new start as Gov. Gavin Newsom proposes a significant change in the state’s strategy for ending veteran homelessness. His plan, included in a \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/health/mental-health/2023/09/gavin-newsom-mental-health-2024-election/\">$6.4 billion mental health bond\u003c/a> he’s sending to voters in the March primary election, would set aside funding specifically for veterans with serious behavioral health conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s a shift from California’s last two major efforts to fund housing for veterans, which created units for a general population of former military service members.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first effort began in the late 1990s when the state built seven new veterans’ homes over 17 years. Today, those veterans’ homes are underused. They \u003ca href=\"https://www.calvet.ca.gov/Documents/Master%20Plan%202020.pdf\">were built to house about 2,400 people\u003c/a>, but only 1,575 veterans live there. \u003ca href=\"https://www.sacbee.com/news/politics-government/the-state-worker/article242868816.html\">The 300-unit veterans home in Barstow\u003c/a> was so underutilized in 2020 that Newsom moved to close it as he braced for a pandemic recession, although \u003ca href=\"https://abc7.com/save-veterans-home-barstow-veterans-state-cuts-threaten-to-close-shut-down/6249524/\">lawmakers blocked him from shutting the site\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The second push centered on a pair of ballot measures voters approved in \u003ca href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/California_Proposition_41,_Veterans_Housing_and_Homeless_Prevention_Bond_(June_2014)\">2014\u003c/a> and in \u003ca href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/California_Proposition_1,_Housing_Programs_and_Veterans%27_Loans_Bond_(2018)\">2018\u003c/a> that allocated $4.6 billion to build housing specifically for former military service members. The money created the \u003ca href=\"https://www.hcd.ca.gov/grants-and-funding/programs-active/veterans-housing-and-homelessness-prevention\">Veterans Housing and Homelessness Prevention Program\u003c/a>, which has supported the construction of about 3,250 housing units for veterans to date.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Veterans advocates and state officials view the programs — along with federal efforts led by the \u003ca href=\"https://www.hud.gov/program_offices/public_indian_housing/programs/hcv/vash\">Department of Veterans Affairs\u003c/a> — as successful in reducing homelessness among former military service members. In the last 12 years, veteran homelessness in California has decreased by more than 30%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the trend in California mostly accounts for gains made during the Obama administration, when veteran homelessness peaked nationwide, and the Department of Veterans Affairs moved aggressively to place former troops in housing. Since 2014, the number of homeless veterans in California has mostly plateaued around 10,000 to 12,000 people, according to annual counts released by the Department of Housing and Urban Development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"The number of homeless veterans in California has fallen by more than 4,000 people since data collection began\" aria-label=\"Column Chart\" id=\"datawrapper-chart-Z2Fqo\" src=\"https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/Z2Fqo/4/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"400\" data-external=\"1\" width=\"100%\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alex Visotzky, senior California policy fellow at the National Alliance to End Homelessness, said the high numbers of veteran homelessness result from the challenges veterans face on returning home in California’s \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/housing/2023/06/california-homeless-growth-report/\">competitive housing market\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When housing markets are unaffordable and incredibly competitive, those with the greatest needs are going to be more likely to fall out,” he said. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘When housing markets are unaffordable and incredibly competitive, those with the greatest needs are going to be more likely to fall out.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Alex Visotzky, senior California policy fellow, National Alliance to End Homelessness","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Newsom’s new strategy in the mental health bond, advocates say, should help those most in need. The California Department of Veterans Affairs estimates that half of the state’s unhoused veterans suffer from some behavioral health issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The money in the bond would go to the state’s Department of Housing and Community Development, which would work with CalVet “to focus specifically on housing veterans experiencing behavioral health challenges,” said Assemblymember Jacqui Irwin, the Thousand Oaks Democrat who wrote the bill that ultimately put the bond on the ballot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Studies have shown veterans are \u003ca href=\"https://www.research.va.gov/topics/homelessness.cfm\">overrepresented in the nation’s homeless population\u003c/a>. They may experience personal challenges, such as post-traumatic stress disorders or other mental health issues, as well as disabilities related to their military service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Transitioning from that very specific culture and society to civilian life is a lifelong process,” said Amy Fairweather, director of policy at the veterans advocacy group Swords to Plowshares. “If you do have any physical or mental disabilities, dealing with those and trying to re-enter civilian life can be very difficult.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>California’s veterans’ homes\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>California’s long history of providing housing to former military service members dates to 1884 when it opened an estate in \u003ca href=\"https://www.calvet.ca.gov/VetHomes/Pages/Yountville.aspx\">Napa County as the state’s first veterans home\u003c/a>. That site is still in operation, housing around 600 veterans on a picturesque property in wine country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Altogether, the state now has eight veterans homes. The two largest homes are in fairly remote communities — one is in Napa County’s Yountville, and the second is in Barstow in the Mojave Deserts. Moving to them can mean living far from a veteran’s family. That geography somewhat limits interest in the homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The homes account for the lion’s share of CalVet’s $650 million annual budget. Some advocates have called on the state to put money into programs that would benefit people who don’t necessarily want to live in a veterans’ home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"California's veterans homes\" aria-label=\"Locator maps\" id=\"datawrapper-chart-wYJ4R\" src=\"https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/wYJ4R/1/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"width: 0; min-width: 100% !important; border: none;\" height=\"599\" data-external=\"1\" width=\"100%\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Map: Liliana MichelenaSource: \u003ca href=\"https://www.calvet.ca.gov/calvet-programs/veteran-homes\">California Department of Veteran Affairs\u003c/a> Created with \u003ca href=\"https://www.datawrapper.de/_/wYJ4R/\">Datawrapper\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The state should keep its promises to the current home residents, but as things change, the program needs to be less structured on just providing room and board for a minimal number of people and more structured on providing skilled nursing facility care for those who need it,” said Ethan Rarick, executive director at Little Hoover Commission, which published \u003ca href=\"https://lhc.ca.gov/sites/lhc.ca.gov/files/Reports/237/Report237.pdf\">a report on the veterans’ homes in 2017\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Outside of the veterans homes, California approved a series of bonds meant to help military service members find housing beginning in 2008. The Veterans Bond Act, passed that year, provided $900 million to veterans through the CalVet Home Loans Program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2014, California passed an initiative creating the Veterans Housing and Homelessness Program, which put $600 million toward building multi-family homes for veterans. A second ballot initiative in 2018 gave another $4 billion to the program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal Department of Veterans Affairs, meanwhile, has kept up steady funding for housing vouchers that can provide a place to live for former troops. The Veterans Affairs Supportive Housing program, \u003ca href=\"https://www.va.gov/homeless/hud-vash.asp\">commonly known as HUD-VASH\u003c/a>, was a centerpiece of the Bush and Obama administration’s efforts to curb veterans’ homelessness. It provides rental assistance to over 100,000 veterans nationally.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A steep drop in veteran homelessness\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The number of \u003ca href=\"https://news.va.gov/press-room/ranks-of-homeless-veterans-drop-18-percent/\">unhoused veterans in the U.S. peaked during the Great Recession\u003c/a> when the VA in 2007 reported some 154,000 former troops were homeless.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At that time, Fairweather of Swords to Plowshares said many of those deployed in the Iraq and Afghanistan wars were starting to come back home “to a society that wasn’t prepared for it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On top of that, they and older veterans struggled in the economic downturn, which led to more unemployment and homelessness. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘It all came together in a way that was really disadvantageous to the veterans.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Amy Fairweather, director of policy, Swords to Plowshares, a veterans advocacy group","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“It all came together in a way that was really disadvantageous to the veterans,” Fairweather said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, the VA estimated about \u003ca href=\"https://www.va.gov/homeless/pit_count.asp\">33,000 veterans were homeless\u003c/a> nationwide. According to the 2021 annual homelessness assessment report by the federal Department of Housing and Urban Development, more than half are over age 55. The data also shows that Black veterans are more likely to be homeless than veterans belonging to other races.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advocates say veterans can be reluctant to ask for help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When veterans ultimately fall down that hole into homelessness, what is happening along with that is that they’re losing connection with friends and family because they’re ashamed that their life is falling apart and it’s hard for them to ask for help,” said Stephen Peck, \u003ca href=\"https://usvets.org/\">president of the veterans support organization U.S. Vets\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11966540\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11966540\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/11/CM02.jpg\" alt=\"A person stands in front of an apartment building. They wear a face mask and have glasses.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/11/CM02.jpg 2000w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/11/CM02-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/11/CM02-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/11/CM02-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/11/CM02-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/11/CM02-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tory Gibson, a veteran who has experienced homelessness, in San Francisco on Oct. 31, 2023. \u003ccite>( Felix Uribe/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>San Francisco native and Army veteran Latoya White has struggled to stay housed in the dozen years since she left the service. She has found it difficult to afford rent even though she was able to keep decent jobs at a grocery store, the San Francisco airport and now as a city bus driver.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She was unfamiliar with the resources the VA offered to veterans, like housing vouchers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve always had benefits through my job. I don’t think that then the VA had as many resources as they have now. I did go to the VA and they’re so limited on what they could help me with. So, you know, I just went and got a job and I just was really self-sufficient,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After sleeping in her car and couch surfing for several years, White reached out for help from the advocacy group Swords to Plowshares. That led her to transitional housing, and then to an apartment in San Francisco this June through the HUD-VASH program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of us didn’t even know anything about the HUD-VASH program,” White, 34, said. “A lot of veterans don’t even know that there is assistance out there for them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What does Newsom want to do?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Putting the money into the mental health bond comes with a tradeoff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In advancing Newsom’s mental health plan, lawmakers amended an early version of Assemblymember Irwin’s veterans’ housing bill that would have issued more bonds for\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billVersionsCompareClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB531&cversion=20230AB53199INT\"> the existing veterans’ housing program\u003c/a>. Without new funding, the program that supports the construction of multi-unit veterans’ housing is expected to run out of money in 2024.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still,\u003ca href=\"https://treatmentnottents.com/?gclid=CjwKCAjw15eqBhBZEiwAbDomEmjiLODon4xwymj3drkdEFkEUL9z2Ico7Vj0NhjH04C0RWZuaj8v4RoCphcQAvD_BwE\"> representatives for Newsom’s ballot measure\u003c/a> in a written statement said the bond would create more capacity to help former troops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Proposition 1 adds new money for California’s most vulnerable veterans without any redirection or reprioritization from the current program. Without Proposition 1, there would be zero funding for homeless veteran housing moving forward, which is why the measure is so critically needed,” the statement read.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Altogether, the ballot measure going to voters includes $6.4 billion to fund projects for behavioral health issues and those at risk of homelessness. It also includes a proposal to adjust how the state spends money it collects for mental health services from a tax on personal income over $1 million, aiming to direct more of the funds to housing. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"More Stories on the Unhoused Community ","tag":"homeless"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The $1 billion for veterans housing will be distributed through loans and grants by the Department of Housing and Community Development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Representatives from veterans’ groups say the program’s success could hinge on getting the word out and providing services that provide a path out of homelessness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At U.S. Vets, Peck said the nonprofit strives to create a community where veterans help veterans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Building that community is really important,” he said. “A federal veteran who’s been through the process already is probably more effective than we are as social workers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gibson, who currently lives in transitional housing provided by Swords to Plowshares, has started to find that community through the nonprofit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I talked to them about how I’m struggling with some issues and they are pretty open and supportive about it,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gibson hopes that federal and state services fund more community-oriented programs like hers, so more veterans can feel at home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11966533/californias-unhoused-crisis-hits-veterans-hard-despite-funding-efforts","authors":["byline_news_11966533"],"categories":["news_8"],"tags":["news_18538","news_1416","news_27626","news_16","news_23730","news_2109","news_31651","news_31666","news_827"],"featImg":"news_11966539","label":"source_news_11966533"},"news_11952237":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11952237","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11952237","score":null,"sort":[1686052890000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"murder-the-military-and-radicalization-how-much-is-tied-to-a-lack-of-support-for-veterans","title":"Murder, the Military and Radicalization: How Much Is Tied to a Lack of Support for Veterans?","publishDate":1686052890,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Murder, the Military and Radicalization: How Much Is Tied to a Lack of Support for Veterans? | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cem>Jessie Rush, Kenny Miksch and Simon Sage Ybarra were sentenced to six months in prison after admitting they destroyed evidence of their communication with fellow boogaloo militia member Steven Carrillo, who murdered two law enforcement officers as a racial uprising gripped California and the nation. Carrillo was captured on June 6, 2020.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[dropcap]S[/dropcap]teven Carrillo saw the three sheriff’s deputies talking on the narrow, one-lane road leading to his father’s house in Ben Lomond, a small community in the Santa Cruz Mountains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Concealed by the forest and gripping his rifle, Carrillo could hear them coordinating their approach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Santa Cruz County Sheriff’s Office was responding to a call about a white van with ammunition and bomb-making supplies that were visible through a window to a man installing game cameras around a nearby wooded property. The vehicle’s registration led officers to a one-room house with potted plants and a gun rack on the porch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three years ago today, on June 6, 2020, Carrillo was cornered. A week earlier, the active-duty Air Force sergeant had \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11824604/man-charged-in-killings-of-oakland-federal-officer-santa-cruz-deputy-linked-to-right-wing-extremist-group\">killed a Federal Protective Service officer and wounded his partner in a drive-by shooting\u003c/a> in front of the Ronald V. Dellums Federal Building in Oakland as a large protest moved through the streets nearby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11824604 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Carrillo-van-oakland-1020x631.jpg']Carrillo took out his phone and messaged members of the “1st Detachment, 1st California Grizzly Scouts,” a group of men he met on Facebook. The group associated itself with the anti-government \u003ca href=\"https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2021/01/27/who-are-boogaloos-who-were-visible-capitol-and-later-rallies\">boogaloo movement\u003c/a>, which originated online and became a rallying point for those who believe a second Civil War looms. Adherents toted guns and wore Hawaiian shirts, which the movement has co-opted, at protests following George Floyd’s death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For weeks before Carrillo’s rampage, the Grizzly Scouts had discussed violent confrontations with the government and attacks on law enforcement in group messages, prosecutors said. The group also trained together at a property in the Sierra foothills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They were looking for me. They found me by pure luck,” Carrillo wrote from his hideout, requesting backup. “Kit up and get here. There’s only one road in/out. Take them out when they’re coming in.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Dude. How the f— can we get to you in an hour,” one member responded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re waiting for reinforcements. I’m listening to them,” Carrillo replied. “Dudes, I offed a fed. They’re staging. Come help. I have cameras everywhere here. They’re waiting.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jessie Rush, a then-28-year-old U.S. Army veteran and the group’s founder, responded with an order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Dillo,” Rush wrote, using Carrillo’s code name, “factory reset your phone and exfil.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Exfil\u003c/em> — short for exfiltration, a military term for the removal of units from an area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carrillo ignored the directive. Instead, he opened fire with his modified assault rifle, fatally wounding one officer and sending the other two running into the woods. They radioed to try to warn others of the ambush.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before fleeing, Carrillo engaged in a shoot-out with California Highway Patrol officers who answered the distress call. He carjacked a Toyota Camry and ran over one of the Santa Cruz deputies on his way down the mountain. Shot in the hip, Carrillo used his own blood to write messages on the car — “Boog,” “Stop the duopoly” and “I became unreasonable” — before abandoning it. He was ultimately arrested in a backyard after neighbors tackled and restrained him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to prosecutors, the Grizzly Scouts moved quickly to delete evidence of their communication and files about the group’s structure and activity. But it was too late. Rush and two other members \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/usao-ndca/pr/four-militia-group-members-plead-guilty-obstruction-justice-conspiracy\">later pleaded guilty\u003c/a> to one count of conspiracy to destroy records in official proceedings. All three were sentenced to six months in prison. A fourth member pleaded guilty to obstruction of justice charges in addition to an unrelated charge. He was sentenced to more than 10 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carrillo was given a life sentence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Michael Jensen, senior researcher, University of Maryland National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START)\"]‘This is not an uncommon story that we see in the veterans and the data that we’ve collected who [have been] radicalized to the point of committing crimes.’[/pullquote]In the three years since he was captured, significant attention has focused on Carrillo and his murders as well as \u003ca href=\"https://www.cohenmilstein.com/case-study/underwood-v-meta-platforms-inc-facebook\">the role social media played in connecting him with other extremists\u003c/a>. But scarce information is available about Rush, who grew up in Gilroy and created the Grizzly Scouts, gave the group its military structure and recruited Carrillo and other men throughout Northern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People who knew Rush told KQED they were puzzled by the charges against him. A firefighter and EMT who worked in private security, Rush worked alongside former law enforcement officers, and friends said he never openly expressed anti-police sentiment to them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rush and his attorney declined to be interviewed for this story. But a deep look into Rush’s background paints a portrait of a veteran seeking the camaraderie and sense of purpose he once found in the armed forces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11952311\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11952311\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/032511_Rush_03-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"Two men in military fatigues, one holding a firearm, pose for a photo.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1275\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/032511_Rush_03-KQED.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/032511_Rush_03-KQED-800x531.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/032511_Rush_03-KQED-1020x677.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/032511_Rush_03-KQED-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/032511_Rush_03-KQED-1536x1020.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jessie Rush (right) sits on a newly constructed deck at Combat Outpost Qeysar, Afghanistan, in 2011, while the soldier beside him does tricep dips. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Nathan Goodall)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>To report this story, KQED interviewed veterans, including several who served with Rush, researchers and a California lawmaker who called for Congressional hearings on the recruitment of veterans by extremist groups, to find out how vulnerable former soldiers are — and what steps the United States government is taking to identify at-risk veterans like Rush and provide them support.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is not an uncommon story that we see in the veterans and the data that we’ve collected who [have been] radicalized to the point of committing crimes,” said Dr. Michael Jensen, senior researcher at the University of Maryland’s National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism, or START.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a 2022 START study, on average, 6.9 individuals with military backgrounds committed crimes motivated by ideology per year from 1990 to 2010. Over the past decade, \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/23830338-start-research-brief-april-2023\">that number has quintupled (PDF)\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 17% of defendants charged in connection to the Jan. 6, 2021, insurrection were current or former service members, including eight from California, according to START. For comparison, about 7% of the country’s adult population are veterans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Excluding the Jan. 6 cases, \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/23830338-start-research-brief-april-2023\">the rate of crimes committed by people with military backgrounds (PDF)\u003c/a> and motivated by political, social, religious or economic goals has more than tripled since 2010. The majority of cases are centered in the veteran community, as opposed to active-duty military.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In November, Stewart Rhodes, a former Army paratrooper and Yale Law School graduate who founded the far-right militia group the Oath Keepers, was convicted of seditious conspiracy and other charges for crimes related to the breach of the U.S. Capitol. On May 25, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2023/05/25/us/politics/oath-keepers-stewart-rhodes-sentenced.html\">he was sentenced to 18 years in prison\u003c/a>. An Anti-Defamation League analysis of Oath Keepers membership data identified 117 active-duty military and estimated 1 in 10 had prior service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label='Related Coverage' tag='extremism,veterans']In January, three active-duty Marines were charged with crimes related to their alleged involvement on Jan. 6. One of the men, based at Camp Pendleton in Southern California, wrote in an Instagram direct message that he was “waiting for the boogaloo” or “Civil war 2,” according to court records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In April, an Air National Guardsman suspected of leaking a trove of national security documents on the online platform Discord was arrested in Massachusetts. Federal court documents show Jack Teixeira, 21, possessed a “\u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/23824103-teixeira-governments-supplemental-motion\">virtual arsenal of weapons (PDF)\u003c/a>” and \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/23824102-teixeira-declaration-of-luke-church-fbi-special-agent\">had discussed acts of violence online (PDF)\u003c/a>, according to prosecutors and the FBI.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of April 2022, \u003ca href=\"https://www.splcenter.org/sites/default/files/splc-2021-year-in-hate-extremism-report.pdf\">there were 45 anti-government groups, including four militias, active in California (PDF)\u003c/a>, according to the Southern Poverty Law Center. Exactly how many veterans have been involved in extremist groups in the state is unknown due to the lack of consistent data, said Jon Lewis, research fellow at the Program on Extremism at George Washington University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Unlike cases stemming from support for foreign terrorist organizations like ISIS or al-Qaida, group membership in the Oath Keepers, Proud Boys, boogaloo movement, etc., is secondary and not a predicate for the criminal offense,” Lewis said. “We can identify cases in which that affiliation or ideology is explicitly identified, but it’s naturally limited by the failures of the federal and state governments to publicly share information related to these statistics.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2021, not long after rioters stormed the Capitol, Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin \u003ca href=\"https://media.defense.gov/2021/Feb/05/2002577485/-1/-1/0/STAND-DOWN-TO-ADDRESS-EXTREMISM-IN-THE-RANKS.PDF\">ordered a military-wide stand-down to discuss extremism in the ranks (PDF)\u003c/a>. The House Committee on Veterans’ Affairs began a series of hearings investigating the issue later that year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of the types of things we can do to help prevent veterans from dying by suicide are the very same things we can do to help veterans avoid being pulled into extremist and violent groups,” said Rep. Mark Takano, D-Riverside, the top Democrat on the committee who called for \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/23832964-house-committee-on-veterans-affairs-the-importance-of-peer-support-in-preventing-domestic-violent-extremism\">the hearings (PDF)\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Takano began looking into the issue in 2019 after a hearing about online scams targeting veterans led to research on which other groups target vets, according to a former member of his staff. Groups like the Oath Keepers, Proud Boys and Three Percenters \u003ca href=\"https://democrats-veterans.house.gov/imo/media/doc/Extremism%20Report.pdf\">target veterans because of their combat and weapons experience and the air of credibility they bring (PDF)\u003c/a> to an organization, according to an accompanying report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need to raise our level of support for veterans to reduce these sort of upstream stressors that can lead to some veterans turning toward extremism,” said Takano.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the hearings exposed \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RhHK4O7opHw\">sharp disagreement\u003c/a> in the federal government over whether time and resources should be allocated to understanding the problem — and whether one even exists. Republicans, including Mike Bost of Illinois, who is now the committee’s chair, said the hearings \u003ca href=\"https://veterans.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=5922\">unfairly stigmatized veterans\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11952322\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11952322 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS66108_GettyImages-1233119349-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A close-up of two middle-aged men in blue suits outside on a sunny day, both with trim, dark haircuts. The man on the right, who appears Latino, speaks into the ear of the other, who appears Asian. \" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS66108_GettyImages-1233119349-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS66108_GettyImages-1233119349-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS66108_GettyImages-1233119349-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS66108_GettyImages-1233119349-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS66108_GettyImages-1233119349-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rep. Mark Takano (left) speaks with Rep. Raul Ruiz during a 2021 news conference with other members of the House Veterans Affairs’ Committee. \u003ccite>(Caroline Brehman/CQ-Roll Call via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In July 2022, a Senate Armed Services Committee report \u003ca href=\"https://www.armed-services.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/fy23_ndaa_bill_report.pdf\">called for an immediate halt to defense programs looking into extremism (PDF)\u003c/a>, adding, “spending additional time and resources to combat exceptionally rare instances of extremism in the military is an inappropriate use of taxpayer funds.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republicans voted overwhelmingly in favor of the language while Democrats voted against it. One independent lawmaker tipped the balance in favor of the GOP.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several months later, all House-passed provisions calling for further investigation of extremism in the military and broader society were \u003ca href=\"https://rollcall.com/2022/12/14/final-ndaa-removes-most-house-provisions-on-hate-groups/\">scaled back or removed from the final 2023 National Defense Authorization Act\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Defense Department spokesperson \u003ca href=\"https://www.defense.gov/News/Transcripts/Transcript/Article/3400498/sabrina-singh-deputy-press-secretary-holds-a-press-briefing/\">told reporters last month\u003c/a> that only one of the six recommendations issued by the agency’s Countering Extremism Working Group, created in the wake of Jan. 6, has been enacted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, researchers say that while the involvement of veterans and active-duty military in criminal extremism is limited, it’s a problem that could be growing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you look at the veteran population in our data set, there are really two types of veterans that radicalize: individuals that are looking for the camaraderie, the sense of purpose, the friendships that they had in the military,” Jensen said. “And they find it in these extremist organizations, groups like the Oath Keepers and Three Percenter organizations and the boogaloo movement.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The second type typically experience mental health issues such as combat-related PTSD, in addition to that same desire for camaraderie and purpose, according to Jensen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While it’s unclear exactly which factors drew Rush to the boogaloo movement, documents from multiple state and federal court cases reviewed by KQED, as well as interviews with military and extremism experts and people who knew Rush, point to numerous factors — social isolation, PTSD, challenges translating combat skills to the civilian workforce, relationship difficulties and unhealed trauma — that could have played a role.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to a text message from a KQED reporter, Rush, who was released from a federal prison in Santa Barbara County in November, wrote that he wanted to move on with his life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I made my mistakes,” he wrote. “I did my time, and I’m paying my debt to society.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Set up for failure\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>“On the couch.” That’s the phrase Jack Griffith uses to describe the veterans he works with who need his help the most. In other words, those who are depressed, disinterested and unmotivated to leave the house or do much of anything.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s why a lot of people make jokes about veterans living in their mom’s basement,” said Griffith, who runs Protecting Soldiers’ Rights, a nonprofit that assists veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder and traumatic brain injury, or TBI.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re not coming out because of social anxiety,” he added. “They may have survivor’s guilt, they may have situational awareness that is going off all the time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11951954\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11951954 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60385_011_KQED_JackGriffithTurlock_11142022-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"A white man with a long graying beard and shaved head leans against the edge of an above-ground swimming pool in the backyard of a home. He has tattoos on his arms and holds a cigarette in his left hands, and he wears baggy dark blue jeans and a dark gray sweatshirt.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60385_011_KQED_JackGriffithTurlock_11142022-KQED.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60385_011_KQED_JackGriffithTurlock_11142022-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60385_011_KQED_JackGriffithTurlock_11142022-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60385_011_KQED_JackGriffithTurlock_11142022-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60385_011_KQED_JackGriffithTurlock_11142022-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Veterans advocate Jack Griffith in his backyard in Turlock. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One afternoon last fall, Griffith, 41, sat at a wrought-iron table in his backyard in rural Turlock. As hummingbirds flitted around the porch, the stay-at-home dad with icy blue eyes and a long, scraggly beard lit a Camel cigarette.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every so often, a cloud of dust drifted over the fence and coated the cars in the driveway as the farmer next door drove a tractor through his orchard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Griffith served in the Army from 2008–2011 and deployed to Afghanistan. In 2009, he was awarded a Purple Heart after the vehicle he was riding in was hit by a 300-pound roadside bomb and he had to be medevaced out. Griffith started Protecting Soldiers’ Rights in 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nowadays, he receives about 10 calls a week from veterans, including some from out of state. They call with legal questions or questions about benefits. Some call on the verge of a panic attack. Many, like Rush, come over to Griffith’s house to sit in the backyard, smoke cigarettes and just talk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first time the two met in February 2019, Rush wasn’t “on the couch.” But Griffith suspected he was headed there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I can tell he was reminiscent of his military service. I’m reminiscent,” Griffith said, holding back tears.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Anonymous veteran who served in Afghanistan with Jessie Rush\"]‘How do you convert kicking down doors and knowing how to kill people … How do you convert that into civilian work? You can’t. Unless you’re a security guard or a police officer.’[/pullquote]Rush was a cannon crewmember in the Army from November 2009–March 2014 and deployed to Afghanistan in March 2011. That year, the Gilroy Dispatch published a letter from Rush’s mother about her son’s unit distributing school supplies to Afghan children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would like to share the following story about the humanity of war and the hearts of our soldiers in Afghanistan,” Christina Soares wrote. “Through all the bad they still made time to do good.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ten years later, Soares \u003ca href=\"http://documentcloud.org/documents/23832068-christina-soares-letter\">wrote another letter (PDF)\u003c/a>. This time, it was addressed to U.S. District Judge James Donato. Soares described Rush’s difficult childhood, his father’s abuse, the time he spent in an orphanage and foster care, and his time in the military.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“After deployment Jessie came home and I knew he was different,” Soares wrote. “He no longer had that twinkle in his eye or the innocence in his smile.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In one instance, when Rush was home on leave and heard neighbors setting off fireworks, he “hit the floor in the fetal position and cried out for his brothers,” according to the letter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a December 2021 \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/23834701-defendants-sentencing-memo-and-motion-for-variance\">sentencing memo (PDF)\u003c/a>, Rush’s attorney, Adam Pennella, wrote that Rush “observed carnage and death on a daily basis” in Afghanistan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This included attempting to save a civilian whose intestines were falling out by holding them in place with his hands,” Pennella wrote. “Others in his unit were injured and killed, including one of his closest friends from basic training. Then in the years after discharge, multiple of his friends from the military died (one from an overdose, another from a brain aneurism, and a third from suicide).”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/23832993-fowler-letter\">another letter (PDF)\u003c/a> to Judge Donato, retired Army Sgt. Charles Fowler said that Rush had struggled with PTSD but the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs “did not offer Jessie much help in adjusting therapy or medications.” Fowler also wrote that he had talked with Rush about maintaining the skills they learned in the military, adding, “though we had to be careful because outside of the combat zone, we are not cleared to create our own rules of engagement to deal with items we deem as threats.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for PTSD, 29% of the men and women who served in Iraq and Afghanistan will experience symptoms of PTSD at some point in their lives. Carl Castro, director of Military and Veterans Programs at the University of Southern California’s Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work and a retired Army colonel, said PTSD is one of many factors that can lead a veteran to have an unsuccessful transition to civilian life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A veteran might question who they are and whether the sacrifices made in going to war were worth it, according to Castro. One way to regain that sense of identity is to utilize military skills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They want to feel valued as a person,” Castro said. “And one way they do that is by joining an organization that values them, that will tell them, ‘We value you, you are important.’ And not only that, give them an important leadership role in the organization.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One veteran who served in Afghanistan with Rush and spoke to KQED on condition of anonymity because of concerns about speaking publicly about a sensitive criminal case, said when he heard about Rush’s case, he wasn’t surprised someone from his unit had been involved in extremism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We all get set up for failure going into the armed forces,” he said. “Twenty-four seven, 365, we literally thought someone was going to cut our head off or shoot us. That can change the rest of your life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once a soldier leaves the military, he added, job prospects can be limited.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“How do you convert kicking down doors and knowing how to kill people — and I can march with 20–30 pounds on my back, I can take apart a gun with my eyes closed in two minutes — how do you convert that into civilian work? You can’t. Unless you’re a security guard or a police officer,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attempts to reach Rush’s family for comment were unsuccessful. In a Facebook message, Soares responded to a question about her son with, “You’re wasting your time ma’am.” After a reporter left a business card at Rush’s apartment, a woman identifying herself as “Julie” left a voicemail saying the reporter would be pepper-sprayed if they returned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About a year after Griffith met Rush, Rush launched the Grizzly Scouts. “They say the west won’t boog, were [sic] here to gather like minded Californians who can network and establish local goon squads,” Rush wrote in the description of the Facebook group he started, according to prosecutors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think that whole group, whatever the group was, it was more role-play for him,” Griffith said. “I’m afraid that maybe he was trying to impress. I’m hoping he was trying to impress. I just never saw it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Paid to be paranoid\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Jerame Ayers sat behind the wheel of a white Jeep pickup truck at an intersection in Modesto and pointed out things the student beside him should be mindful of while working a private security protection job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Look at people in their cars,” Ayers said. “Keep an eye out for people doing anything unusual.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ayers, 46, wore a black baseball cap with a patch on the front showing the silhouette of a rifle over an American flag. The radio was tuned to SiriusXM Patriot. The two were driving to a mock protest scenario, part of the curriculum at the Academy for Professional Development, the Modesto trade school Ayers, an Army veteran, owns and operates. The school offers EMT and private security training courses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The problem is, everybody becomes paranoid who goes through my training. It never turns off,” he said. “You get paid to be paranoid.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11951971\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11951971 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60347_007_KQED_AcademyForProfDevelopment_11142022-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"A photo taken from the backseat of a vehicle from behind the driver's side. Blurry in the foreground, and in focus in the rearview mirror, we see a light-skinned man in a black baseball cap driving and looking to the right.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60347_007_KQED_AcademyForProfDevelopment_11142022-KQED.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60347_007_KQED_AcademyForProfDevelopment_11142022-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60347_007_KQED_AcademyForProfDevelopment_11142022-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60347_007_KQED_AcademyForProfDevelopment_11142022-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60347_007_KQED_AcademyForProfDevelopment_11142022-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jerame Ayers, CEO of the Academy for Professional Development, teaches an executive protection class in Modesto on Nov. 14, 2022. Executive protection provides security for politicians, celebrities and anyone needing protection against public threats. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In 2019, shortly after he met Griffith, Rush enrolled in Ayers’ 30-day security specialist course, where students learn to guard high-profile clients like CEOs, politicians and celebrities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a career path, protection is popular with veterans who already possess some of the necessary skills, Ayers said. Jobs in the field can bridge the gap between combat and a return to civilian employment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s what I kind of teach them is reintegration,” Ayers said. “But do not let the warrior mindset fade off, because you’re going to need that in this industry.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rush taught EMT classes at the school and began working jobs in private security, an industry he was well suited for but one that “exacerbated his paranoia and vigilance,” according to his attorney Pennella.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aside from periodically visiting his father, Rush mostly kept to himself, Griffith said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Jessie didn’t have a community,” Griffith said. “Jessie had an apartment. And he had a wife. And he had me and Jerame after that. He didn’t have people to have his back around here. He didn’t have people to even hang out with around here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rush found his community online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"William Braniff, director, START\"]‘[T]hink about the cyclical pattern in the United States of wars and wars ending, and then a small number of disgruntled, or perhaps traumatized, or otherwise disenfranchised veterans coming home from that war and engaging in domestic violent extremism. This is the story of the KKK … There’s a pattern here.’[/pullquote]According to a June 2022 report filed in state court on Carrillo’s “social history and mental decline,” Carrillo found Rush and the Grizzly Scouts in April 2020. After Carrillo joined Facebook groups in support of Second Amendment protections and libertarian ideals, the platform’s algorithm suggested other groups he might be interested in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of them was /K/alifornia Kommando, the Facebook group run by Rush, where prosecutors say he recruited for the Grizzly Scouts. Rush invited Carrillo to the Grizzly Scouts’ group chats and asked Carrillo to sign a liability release, a nondisclosure agreement and an employment application that requested information about Carrillo’s military experience. Rush also sent Carrillo a packing list for an in-person meeting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carrillo later described the Grizzly Scouts as a “paramilitary organization that viewed police as the enemy.” The group was mostly made up of veterans upset with the government for various reasons, including the state of the veteran health care system, according to the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11952314\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11952314 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/Grizzly-Scout-Selection-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"Screenshot of a web-based document, with some text highlighted in yellow.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1275\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/Grizzly-Scout-Selection-KQED.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/Grizzly-Scout-Selection-KQED-800x531.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/Grizzly-Scout-Selection-KQED-1020x677.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/Grizzly-Scout-Selection-KQED-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/Grizzly-Scout-Selection-KQED-1536x1020.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In this graphic first obtained and published by ProPublica, UC Berkeley Journalism’s Investigative Reporting Program and Frontline, candidates for the Grizzly Scouts are asked to provide details of their prior military experience and firearms training. \u003ccite>(Courtesy \u003ca href=\"https://www.propublica.org/article/i-felt-hate-more-than-anything-how-an-active-duty-airman-tried-to-start-a-civil-war\">ProPublica\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Court records show members of the group were given ranks. As commanding officer, Rush held the rank of major. Robert Jesus Blancas, a transient Castro Valley resident, was responsible for security and intelligence, while Kenny Miksch of San Lorenzo was in charge of training and firearms instruction. They were named first lieutenants. Simon Sage Ybarra of Los Gatos held the rank of corporal and was responsible for recruitment. Carrillo was made staff sergeant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://s3.documentcloud.org/documents/22123771/indictment.pdf\">Members discussed tactics for killing police in a WhatsApp group chat labeled “209 Goon HQ” (PDF)\u003c/a>, a reference to the Central Valley area code, according to a March 2021 indictment. At one point, Rush messaged another member: “The gov spent 100s of thousands of dollars on training me, im gonna use that shit,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/23558592-jessie-alexander-rush-government-sentencing-memorandum\">court records show (PDF)\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In May 2020, Rush invited Carrillo to a secluded ranch east of Turlock and told him to bring guns, ammunition, a burner phone and other supplies. Carrillo met with the Grizzly Scouts twice — around May 9 and May 16. He returned home “energized and ecstatic, keenly focused on the mission of the group, and agitated about police misconduct,” Carrillo’s then-girlfriend said, according to the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Griffith and Ayers said Rush invited them to hang out with the Grizzly Scouts, but they declined. Neither thought the group was anything unusual. When Griffith asked Rush who would be there, he said Rush responded, “Like-minded people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11951953\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11951953 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60383_007_KQED_JackGriffithTurlock_11142022-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"A middle-aged white man with a long, scraggly beard reaches over a chest-high wire fence to pet the nose of a white mutt, whose nose is in the air to reach the man's hand. They are surrounded by a scrubby lawn of dirt and grass, and sunlight filters through light green tree cover behind them, alongside a one-story shed with beige siding.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60383_007_KQED_JackGriffithTurlock_11142022-KQED.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60383_007_KQED_JackGriffithTurlock_11142022-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60383_007_KQED_JackGriffithTurlock_11142022-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60383_007_KQED_JackGriffithTurlock_11142022-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60383_007_KQED_JackGriffithTurlock_11142022-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jack Griffith pets his dog at his home in Turlock. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Data show 84% of people with military backgrounds who committed extremist crimes from 1990 to 2021 did so after leaving the military. On average, crimes were committed 15 years after discharge, according to START.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the most infamous examples of violent extremism in U.S. history is the April 19, 1995, bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City. Hundreds of people were injured by the blast that killed 168, 19 of whom were children. The perpetrator, Timothy McVeigh, was an Army veteran, private security guard and white supremacist assisted by a man he met in basic training.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is not illogical if you think about the cyclical pattern in the United States of wars and wars ending, and then a small number of disgruntled, or perhaps traumatized, or otherwise disenfranchised veterans coming home from that war and engaging in domestic violent extremism,” said William Braniff, director of START. “This is the story of the KKK, both after the Civil War, but then after World War I and II, in Korea and Vietnam. There’s a pattern here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chris Buckley, an Army veteran who was a member of the Ku Klux Klan from 2013 to 2016 and now helps young people deradicalize as an intervention specialist with the nonprofit \u003ca href=\"https://www.parents4peace.org/our-team/\">Parents for Peace\u003c/a>, said there’s no shortage of reasons why veterans get involved in extremism. Buckley told KQED his own radicalization began inside the military. Learning to dehumanize his enemy was a tool that served him well emotionally in combat, but was never deactivated, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I come home with this hatred towards Muslims that was left completely unchecked,” said Buckley. “Then about six months after I got home, I started to have my experiences with PTSD. And I started to really break down mentally. Couple that with substance abuse.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When he needed help, the KKK was there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They didn’t come at me with pitchforks, burning crosses and robes,” said Buckley, who testified in front of the House Committee on Veterans’ Affairs in March 2022. “They were like, ‘Hey, man, what’s going on, bro? Like, you need help with Christmas? Here’s some food, bro. Let’s take care of your family before we talk about what we do.’\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That was the first time anybody had reached out to help me. The VA wasn’t,” Buckley said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to an email asking what the VA is doing to support veterans vulnerable to recruitment by extremist groups, Press Secretary Terrence Hayes said the agency is committed to educating veterans on how to identify disinformation and predatory practices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Like any group of Americans, the Veteran community is not a monolith. The overwhelming majority of Veterans neither commit nor condone extremism-related violence,” he wrote. “VA will take action where necessary to abide by laws that protect our country against a tiny minority committed to domestic violent extremism.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nicholas Sanders, who served as a medic in Afghanistan alongside Rush and is now a nurse in Texas, said groups like the Proud Boys and “other wannabe militias” prey on veterans searching for belonging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When I got out of the military, I worked at a military surplus store, and it was weekly,” he said. “People are handing me their cards like, ‘Hey, you know, we’ve got this club,’ or ‘We’ve got this group. We meet up on the weekends, bring your family and do all this.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sanders was initially attracted to the displays of camaraderie.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And then you start reading into it. You’re looking at their pictures and it’s like, ‘Oh, there’s only white people in here,’” he said. “It’s the equivalent of a gang to me. Gangs don’t prey on well-established people. Gangs prey on people that are looking for that acceptance and approval.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘I offed a fed’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In May 2020, the Grizzly Scouts prepared for an operation at a protest in Sacramento, according to prosecutors. Members distributed an “Operations Order” that identified law enforcement as “enemy forces.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On May 27, 2020, Carrillo and Ybarra met behind a gas station in Los Gatos to assemble an assault rifle in the back of Carrillo’s van. The next day, Carrillo contacted Ybarra about attending a protest in Oakland, to “snipe some you know what’s.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ybarra didn’t respond. Instead he reached out to Rush, saying, “just wanted to make sure we are on the same page, and that targeting innocents doesn’t fly with me even if they are wearing a badge.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rush agreed, but said, “yea we need to actually develop targets and cases, be smart. They want war, then we bring em war.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/23558592-jessie-alexander-rush-government-sentencing-memorandum\">He went on (PDF)\u003c/a>: “We can start developing case files, gathering intel, and doing it just like big bro does.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“im not about the fireworks,” he continued. “im more like a surgeon.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On May 29, 2020, Carrillo rode to Oakland in a white van, allegedly driven by Robert Alvin Justus Jr., another man he met online. As they drove past the Federal Building, Carrillo flung open the sliding door and unloaded a fusillade of bullets toward two Federal Protective Service officers, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11824604/man-charged-in-killings-of-oakland-federal-officer-santa-cruz-deputy-linked-to-right-wing-extremist-group\">killing David Patrick Underwood, 53, and wounding Sombat Mifkovic\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About a week later, Santa Cruz County Sheriff’s deputies were in Ben Lomond responding to a call about a white van with weapons inside. Carrillo ambushed the officers, killing Sgt. Damon Gutzwiller, 38, and wounding Deputy Alex Spencer, 32 at the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Later that day, Ybarra drove to Turlock to meet with Rush, prosecutors said, and group members conspired to erase conversations from their phones in which they discussed attacking police. Blancas destroyed Dropbox files related to the group’s structure, onboarding and operations, telling Ybarra a month later, “All physical files I had were literally burned.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He removed our platform and robbed our message,” Rush \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/23832071-govuscourtscand375526170_1\">wrote to the Grizzly Scouts (PDF)\u003c/a>, referring to Carrillo. “Unfortunately we would almost have to wait for the next one. Which is disgusting.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Grizzly Scouts switched to a new messaging platform they thought would be more secure, according to prosecutors. A couple of weeks later, Rush began contacting members.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Jump on [another communication’s platform] if you miss us were [sic] reinventing and if you wanna be apart [sic] of it we’d love to have you back,” Rush said to one member, according to court documents.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Enough\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>On an overcast afternoon last September, firearm enthusiasts inside a gun show at the Stanislaus County Fairgrounds perused tables stacked with Army fatigues, old tactical manuals, knives and bulletproof vests. Every so often, a loud jolt came from a corner where a stun gun was being demoed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At one booth, a man and a woman wearing “California State Militia, 2nd Regiment” T-shirts answered a young man’s questions. Across the aisle, a group of men browsed ammunition magazines modified to hold no more than 10 rounds, per California law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As he browsed the exhibits, stopping occasionally to talk with vendors, Ayers said he believed Rush may have talked about violence that he didn’t actually plan to carry out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Vets, we all get together and hang out,” Ayers said. “I think he got in over his head.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2020, when coverage of Carrillo’s violence was on the news, Rush stopped by Ayers’ school and told him: “I know the two guys that are involved in that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11951952\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11951952 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60374_037_KQED_AcademyForProfDevelopment_11142022-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"A white man looks seriously at the camera standing in front of a storefront at a strip mall next to a banner showing an insignia featuring a snake and two falcons. The man wears a black hat with an American flag, glasses, a dark fleece, and blue jeans.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60374_037_KQED_AcademyForProfDevelopment_11142022-KQED.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60374_037_KQED_AcademyForProfDevelopment_11142022-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60374_037_KQED_AcademyForProfDevelopment_11142022-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60374_037_KQED_AcademyForProfDevelopment_11142022-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60374_037_KQED_AcademyForProfDevelopment_11142022-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jerame Ayers stands outside his school in Modesto, on Nov. 14, 2022. The school offers executive protection, physical security and EMT classes. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I was like, ‘How’d that all go down?’ He’s like, ‘No, we all hung out. And those two individuals were at the place that we hung out,'” Ayers said. “I’m like, ‘I hope you’re not connected to them.’ He says, ‘I mean, other than meeting up with them, but I would never think they’d go do this.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In August that year, the FBI executed search warrants for Rush’s apartment and the homes of other Grizzly Scout members. When he found out about the raid, Ayers said he asked Rush if there was something he wasn’t telling him. “He’s like, ‘No,'” Ayers said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Griffith, too, remembered the raid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And that was kind of where I was like, ‘This is federal territory, buddy,'” Griffith said. “We don’t touch this. This isn’t about PTSD and TBI. If the FBI is knocking [on] your door or kicking or whatever, that’s more serious than what we can handle.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In April 2021, Ayers said, he received a text from Rush saying FBI agents wanted to meet with him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And I said, ‘They didn’t arrest you then, and now they want to talk to you?’ I go, ‘If they are going to talk to you, go there, do what you’re supposed to do,” Ayers said. “You participate, you do what you’re told.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Griffith found out Rush was being summoned by federal agents, he drove to the meeting at a Turlock Police Department precinct to offer support. Rush was already handcuffed in the back of a black SUV when he arrived.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rush and \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/23834714-indictment\">other Grizzly Scout members were indicted (PDF)\u003c/a> on charges including conspiracy to destroy records in official proceedings, destruction of records in official proceedings and obstruction of official proceedings. At sentencing, \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/23834715-sentencing-transcript-rush-ybarra-miksch\">Rush told the court he was “fearful and paranoid” (PDF)\u003c/a> at the time he created the Grizzly Scouts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was exposed to so much rhetoric that seemed contradictory,” he said. “Things that were being said by the government on social media, the state, and just in the news in general just seems like it was pushing back against each other.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Matthew O’Bryan, who served with Rush and stayed in contact with him, said the charges didn’t sound like Rush.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He started [the group] so that veterans like him and me could have just a little bit of normalcy,” said O’Bryan, who wrote a letter on Rush’s behalf before sentencing. “He said that some guy in his group was apparently going off the deep end saying some crazy stuff, and that they all came after him because he was the one who put that stuff together just trying to help people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like Rush, both Ybarra and Miksch pleaded guilty to one count of conspiracy to destroy records in official proceedings and were sentenced to six months in prison in May 2022. Both were released in November.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Blancas was sentenced to 10 ½ years after pleading guilty to charges tied to the Grizzly Scouts case and explicit conversations with underage girls that FBI agents uncovered during a search of his electronic devices. He is currently serving time at a federal prison in Fort Worth, Texas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carrillo is incarcerated at Mule Creek State Prison in Ione in Amador County. Through his attorney in the federal case, he declined to be interviewed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11951972\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11951972 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60375_005_KQED_JackGriffithTurlock_11142022-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"A white man with a long beard sits outdoors in the shade of a tree, at a table with a red table cloth. On the table in front of him are a pack of cigarettes, a lighter, a white mug, a cellphone, and a short stack of papers.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60375_005_KQED_JackGriffithTurlock_11142022-KQED.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60375_005_KQED_JackGriffithTurlock_11142022-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60375_005_KQED_JackGriffithTurlock_11142022-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60375_005_KQED_JackGriffithTurlock_11142022-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60375_005_KQED_JackGriffithTurlock_11142022-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jack Griffith in his backyard in Turlock. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>By November, the hummingbirds in Griffith’s backyard were gone. A stack of magazines sat on the table wrinkled, having been left out in the rain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Griffith looked at a text he had received the previous morning. It was from Rush. Out of prison, he asked if Griffith wanted to hang out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I rose my hand, basically donating my life to this country,” Griffith said. “And that oath is not over. And it states foreign and domestic. That puts him in a column of which, if we were out in public, he would be a threat. We’re supposed to be on the same side and now I have to look at you as a threat. You’d be the one that I’m watching in a crowd.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few days later, the two went on a drive. Rush was tight-lipped, Griffith said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I really feel like I wasn’t enough,” Griffith said, choking back tears. “This is just as shocking as losing someone to suicide that you thought was on the right path. You put in all that work. You think everything’s going one direction, and then either they’re gone or they’re so far offtrack you don’t even realize it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Many veterans feel left behind by Veterans Affairs — and more are committing crimes motivated by ideology, studies show. How much radicalization is in the ranks?","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1686074292,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":142,"wordCount":6638},"headData":{"title":"Murder, the Military and Radicalization: How Much Is Tied to a Lack of Support for Veterans? | KQED","description":"Many veterans feel left behind by Veterans Affairs — and more are committing crimes motivated by ideology, studies show. How much radicalization is in the ranks?","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"audioUrl":"https://traffic.omny.fm/d/clips/0af137ef-751e-4b19-a055-aaef00d2d578/ffca7e9f-6831-4[…]f-aaef00f5a073/374d3469-dac8-45f6-9e8d-b019011a4902/audio.mp3","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11952237/murder-the-military-and-radicalization-how-much-is-tied-to-a-lack-of-support-for-veterans","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Jessie Rush, Kenny Miksch and Simon Sage Ybarra were sentenced to six months in prison after admitting they destroyed evidence of their communication with fellow boogaloo militia member Steven Carrillo, who murdered two law enforcement officers as a racial uprising gripped California and the nation. Carrillo was captured on June 6, 2020.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">S\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>teven Carrillo saw the three sheriff’s deputies talking on the narrow, one-lane road leading to his father’s house in Ben Lomond, a small community in the Santa Cruz Mountains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Concealed by the forest and gripping his rifle, Carrillo could hear them coordinating their approach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Santa Cruz County Sheriff’s Office was responding to a call about a white van with ammunition and bomb-making supplies that were visible through a window to a man installing game cameras around a nearby wooded property. The vehicle’s registration led officers to a one-room house with potted plants and a gun rack on the porch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three years ago today, on June 6, 2020, Carrillo was cornered. A week earlier, the active-duty Air Force sergeant had \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11824604/man-charged-in-killings-of-oakland-federal-officer-santa-cruz-deputy-linked-to-right-wing-extremist-group\">killed a Federal Protective Service officer and wounded his partner in a drive-by shooting\u003c/a> in front of the Ronald V. Dellums Federal Building in Oakland as a large protest moved through the streets nearby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"news_11824604","hero":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Carrillo-van-oakland-1020x631.jpg","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Carrillo took out his phone and messaged members of the “1st Detachment, 1st California Grizzly Scouts,” a group of men he met on Facebook. The group associated itself with the anti-government \u003ca href=\"https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2021/01/27/who-are-boogaloos-who-were-visible-capitol-and-later-rallies\">boogaloo movement\u003c/a>, which originated online and became a rallying point for those who believe a second Civil War looms. Adherents toted guns and wore Hawaiian shirts, which the movement has co-opted, at protests following George Floyd’s death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For weeks before Carrillo’s rampage, the Grizzly Scouts had discussed violent confrontations with the government and attacks on law enforcement in group messages, prosecutors said. The group also trained together at a property in the Sierra foothills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They were looking for me. They found me by pure luck,” Carrillo wrote from his hideout, requesting backup. “Kit up and get here. There’s only one road in/out. Take them out when they’re coming in.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Dude. How the f— can we get to you in an hour,” one member responded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re waiting for reinforcements. I’m listening to them,” Carrillo replied. “Dudes, I offed a fed. They’re staging. Come help. I have cameras everywhere here. They’re waiting.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jessie Rush, a then-28-year-old U.S. Army veteran and the group’s founder, responded with an order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Dillo,” Rush wrote, using Carrillo’s code name, “factory reset your phone and exfil.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Exfil\u003c/em> — short for exfiltration, a military term for the removal of units from an area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carrillo ignored the directive. Instead, he opened fire with his modified assault rifle, fatally wounding one officer and sending the other two running into the woods. They radioed to try to warn others of the ambush.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before fleeing, Carrillo engaged in a shoot-out with California Highway Patrol officers who answered the distress call. He carjacked a Toyota Camry and ran over one of the Santa Cruz deputies on his way down the mountain. Shot in the hip, Carrillo used his own blood to write messages on the car — “Boog,” “Stop the duopoly” and “I became unreasonable” — before abandoning it. He was ultimately arrested in a backyard after neighbors tackled and restrained him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to prosecutors, the Grizzly Scouts moved quickly to delete evidence of their communication and files about the group’s structure and activity. But it was too late. Rush and two other members \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/usao-ndca/pr/four-militia-group-members-plead-guilty-obstruction-justice-conspiracy\">later pleaded guilty\u003c/a> to one count of conspiracy to destroy records in official proceedings. All three were sentenced to six months in prison. A fourth member pleaded guilty to obstruction of justice charges in addition to an unrelated charge. He was sentenced to more than 10 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carrillo was given a life sentence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘This is not an uncommon story that we see in the veterans and the data that we’ve collected who [have been] radicalized to the point of committing crimes.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Michael Jensen, senior researcher, University of Maryland National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START)","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>In the three years since he was captured, significant attention has focused on Carrillo and his murders as well as \u003ca href=\"https://www.cohenmilstein.com/case-study/underwood-v-meta-platforms-inc-facebook\">the role social media played in connecting him with other extremists\u003c/a>. But scarce information is available about Rush, who grew up in Gilroy and created the Grizzly Scouts, gave the group its military structure and recruited Carrillo and other men throughout Northern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People who knew Rush told KQED they were puzzled by the charges against him. A firefighter and EMT who worked in private security, Rush worked alongside former law enforcement officers, and friends said he never openly expressed anti-police sentiment to them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rush and his attorney declined to be interviewed for this story. But a deep look into Rush’s background paints a portrait of a veteran seeking the camaraderie and sense of purpose he once found in the armed forces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11952311\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11952311\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/032511_Rush_03-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"Two men in military fatigues, one holding a firearm, pose for a photo.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1275\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/032511_Rush_03-KQED.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/032511_Rush_03-KQED-800x531.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/032511_Rush_03-KQED-1020x677.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/032511_Rush_03-KQED-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/032511_Rush_03-KQED-1536x1020.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jessie Rush (right) sits on a newly constructed deck at Combat Outpost Qeysar, Afghanistan, in 2011, while the soldier beside him does tricep dips. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Nathan Goodall)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>To report this story, KQED interviewed veterans, including several who served with Rush, researchers and a California lawmaker who called for Congressional hearings on the recruitment of veterans by extremist groups, to find out how vulnerable former soldiers are — and what steps the United States government is taking to identify at-risk veterans like Rush and provide them support.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is not an uncommon story that we see in the veterans and the data that we’ve collected who [have been] radicalized to the point of committing crimes,” said Dr. Michael Jensen, senior researcher at the University of Maryland’s National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism, or START.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a 2022 START study, on average, 6.9 individuals with military backgrounds committed crimes motivated by ideology per year from 1990 to 2010. Over the past decade, \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/23830338-start-research-brief-april-2023\">that number has quintupled (PDF)\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 17% of defendants charged in connection to the Jan. 6, 2021, insurrection were current or former service members, including eight from California, according to START. For comparison, about 7% of the country’s adult population are veterans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Excluding the Jan. 6 cases, \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/23830338-start-research-brief-april-2023\">the rate of crimes committed by people with military backgrounds (PDF)\u003c/a> and motivated by political, social, religious or economic goals has more than tripled since 2010. The majority of cases are centered in the veteran community, as opposed to active-duty military.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In November, Stewart Rhodes, a former Army paratrooper and Yale Law School graduate who founded the far-right militia group the Oath Keepers, was convicted of seditious conspiracy and other charges for crimes related to the breach of the U.S. Capitol. On May 25, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2023/05/25/us/politics/oath-keepers-stewart-rhodes-sentenced.html\">he was sentenced to 18 years in prison\u003c/a>. An Anti-Defamation League analysis of Oath Keepers membership data identified 117 active-duty military and estimated 1 in 10 had prior service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"Related Coverage ","tag":"extremism,veterans"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>In January, three active-duty Marines were charged with crimes related to their alleged involvement on Jan. 6. One of the men, based at Camp Pendleton in Southern California, wrote in an Instagram direct message that he was “waiting for the boogaloo” or “Civil war 2,” according to court records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In April, an Air National Guardsman suspected of leaking a trove of national security documents on the online platform Discord was arrested in Massachusetts. Federal court documents show Jack Teixeira, 21, possessed a “\u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/23824103-teixeira-governments-supplemental-motion\">virtual arsenal of weapons (PDF)\u003c/a>” and \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/23824102-teixeira-declaration-of-luke-church-fbi-special-agent\">had discussed acts of violence online (PDF)\u003c/a>, according to prosecutors and the FBI.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of April 2022, \u003ca href=\"https://www.splcenter.org/sites/default/files/splc-2021-year-in-hate-extremism-report.pdf\">there were 45 anti-government groups, including four militias, active in California (PDF)\u003c/a>, according to the Southern Poverty Law Center. Exactly how many veterans have been involved in extremist groups in the state is unknown due to the lack of consistent data, said Jon Lewis, research fellow at the Program on Extremism at George Washington University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Unlike cases stemming from support for foreign terrorist organizations like ISIS or al-Qaida, group membership in the Oath Keepers, Proud Boys, boogaloo movement, etc., is secondary and not a predicate for the criminal offense,” Lewis said. “We can identify cases in which that affiliation or ideology is explicitly identified, but it’s naturally limited by the failures of the federal and state governments to publicly share information related to these statistics.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2021, not long after rioters stormed the Capitol, Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin \u003ca href=\"https://media.defense.gov/2021/Feb/05/2002577485/-1/-1/0/STAND-DOWN-TO-ADDRESS-EXTREMISM-IN-THE-RANKS.PDF\">ordered a military-wide stand-down to discuss extremism in the ranks (PDF)\u003c/a>. The House Committee on Veterans’ Affairs began a series of hearings investigating the issue later that year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of the types of things we can do to help prevent veterans from dying by suicide are the very same things we can do to help veterans avoid being pulled into extremist and violent groups,” said Rep. Mark Takano, D-Riverside, the top Democrat on the committee who called for \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/23832964-house-committee-on-veterans-affairs-the-importance-of-peer-support-in-preventing-domestic-violent-extremism\">the hearings (PDF)\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Takano began looking into the issue in 2019 after a hearing about online scams targeting veterans led to research on which other groups target vets, according to a former member of his staff. Groups like the Oath Keepers, Proud Boys and Three Percenters \u003ca href=\"https://democrats-veterans.house.gov/imo/media/doc/Extremism%20Report.pdf\">target veterans because of their combat and weapons experience and the air of credibility they bring (PDF)\u003c/a> to an organization, according to an accompanying report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need to raise our level of support for veterans to reduce these sort of upstream stressors that can lead to some veterans turning toward extremism,” said Takano.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the hearings exposed \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RhHK4O7opHw\">sharp disagreement\u003c/a> in the federal government over whether time and resources should be allocated to understanding the problem — and whether one even exists. Republicans, including Mike Bost of Illinois, who is now the committee’s chair, said the hearings \u003ca href=\"https://veterans.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=5922\">unfairly stigmatized veterans\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11952322\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11952322 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS66108_GettyImages-1233119349-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A close-up of two middle-aged men in blue suits outside on a sunny day, both with trim, dark haircuts. The man on the right, who appears Latino, speaks into the ear of the other, who appears Asian. \" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS66108_GettyImages-1233119349-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS66108_GettyImages-1233119349-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS66108_GettyImages-1233119349-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS66108_GettyImages-1233119349-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS66108_GettyImages-1233119349-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rep. Mark Takano (left) speaks with Rep. Raul Ruiz during a 2021 news conference with other members of the House Veterans Affairs’ Committee. \u003ccite>(Caroline Brehman/CQ-Roll Call via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In July 2022, a Senate Armed Services Committee report \u003ca href=\"https://www.armed-services.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/fy23_ndaa_bill_report.pdf\">called for an immediate halt to defense programs looking into extremism (PDF)\u003c/a>, adding, “spending additional time and resources to combat exceptionally rare instances of extremism in the military is an inappropriate use of taxpayer funds.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republicans voted overwhelmingly in favor of the language while Democrats voted against it. One independent lawmaker tipped the balance in favor of the GOP.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several months later, all House-passed provisions calling for further investigation of extremism in the military and broader society were \u003ca href=\"https://rollcall.com/2022/12/14/final-ndaa-removes-most-house-provisions-on-hate-groups/\">scaled back or removed from the final 2023 National Defense Authorization Act\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Defense Department spokesperson \u003ca href=\"https://www.defense.gov/News/Transcripts/Transcript/Article/3400498/sabrina-singh-deputy-press-secretary-holds-a-press-briefing/\">told reporters last month\u003c/a> that only one of the six recommendations issued by the agency’s Countering Extremism Working Group, created in the wake of Jan. 6, has been enacted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, researchers say that while the involvement of veterans and active-duty military in criminal extremism is limited, it’s a problem that could be growing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you look at the veteran population in our data set, there are really two types of veterans that radicalize: individuals that are looking for the camaraderie, the sense of purpose, the friendships that they had in the military,” Jensen said. “And they find it in these extremist organizations, groups like the Oath Keepers and Three Percenter organizations and the boogaloo movement.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The second type typically experience mental health issues such as combat-related PTSD, in addition to that same desire for camaraderie and purpose, according to Jensen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While it’s unclear exactly which factors drew Rush to the boogaloo movement, documents from multiple state and federal court cases reviewed by KQED, as well as interviews with military and extremism experts and people who knew Rush, point to numerous factors — social isolation, PTSD, challenges translating combat skills to the civilian workforce, relationship difficulties and unhealed trauma — that could have played a role.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to a text message from a KQED reporter, Rush, who was released from a federal prison in Santa Barbara County in November, wrote that he wanted to move on with his life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I made my mistakes,” he wrote. “I did my time, and I’m paying my debt to society.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Set up for failure\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>“On the couch.” That’s the phrase Jack Griffith uses to describe the veterans he works with who need his help the most. In other words, those who are depressed, disinterested and unmotivated to leave the house or do much of anything.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s why a lot of people make jokes about veterans living in their mom’s basement,” said Griffith, who runs Protecting Soldiers’ Rights, a nonprofit that assists veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder and traumatic brain injury, or TBI.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re not coming out because of social anxiety,” he added. “They may have survivor’s guilt, they may have situational awareness that is going off all the time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11951954\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11951954 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60385_011_KQED_JackGriffithTurlock_11142022-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"A white man with a long graying beard and shaved head leans against the edge of an above-ground swimming pool in the backyard of a home. He has tattoos on his arms and holds a cigarette in his left hands, and he wears baggy dark blue jeans and a dark gray sweatshirt.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60385_011_KQED_JackGriffithTurlock_11142022-KQED.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60385_011_KQED_JackGriffithTurlock_11142022-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60385_011_KQED_JackGriffithTurlock_11142022-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60385_011_KQED_JackGriffithTurlock_11142022-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60385_011_KQED_JackGriffithTurlock_11142022-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Veterans advocate Jack Griffith in his backyard in Turlock. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One afternoon last fall, Griffith, 41, sat at a wrought-iron table in his backyard in rural Turlock. As hummingbirds flitted around the porch, the stay-at-home dad with icy blue eyes and a long, scraggly beard lit a Camel cigarette.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every so often, a cloud of dust drifted over the fence and coated the cars in the driveway as the farmer next door drove a tractor through his orchard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Griffith served in the Army from 2008–2011 and deployed to Afghanistan. In 2009, he was awarded a Purple Heart after the vehicle he was riding in was hit by a 300-pound roadside bomb and he had to be medevaced out. Griffith started Protecting Soldiers’ Rights in 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nowadays, he receives about 10 calls a week from veterans, including some from out of state. They call with legal questions or questions about benefits. Some call on the verge of a panic attack. Many, like Rush, come over to Griffith’s house to sit in the backyard, smoke cigarettes and just talk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first time the two met in February 2019, Rush wasn’t “on the couch.” But Griffith suspected he was headed there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I can tell he was reminiscent of his military service. I’m reminiscent,” Griffith said, holding back tears.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘How do you convert kicking down doors and knowing how to kill people … How do you convert that into civilian work? You can’t. Unless you’re a security guard or a police officer.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Anonymous veteran who served in Afghanistan with Jessie Rush","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Rush was a cannon crewmember in the Army from November 2009–March 2014 and deployed to Afghanistan in March 2011. That year, the Gilroy Dispatch published a letter from Rush’s mother about her son’s unit distributing school supplies to Afghan children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would like to share the following story about the humanity of war and the hearts of our soldiers in Afghanistan,” Christina Soares wrote. “Through all the bad they still made time to do good.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ten years later, Soares \u003ca href=\"http://documentcloud.org/documents/23832068-christina-soares-letter\">wrote another letter (PDF)\u003c/a>. This time, it was addressed to U.S. District Judge James Donato. Soares described Rush’s difficult childhood, his father’s abuse, the time he spent in an orphanage and foster care, and his time in the military.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“After deployment Jessie came home and I knew he was different,” Soares wrote. “He no longer had that twinkle in his eye or the innocence in his smile.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In one instance, when Rush was home on leave and heard neighbors setting off fireworks, he “hit the floor in the fetal position and cried out for his brothers,” according to the letter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a December 2021 \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/23834701-defendants-sentencing-memo-and-motion-for-variance\">sentencing memo (PDF)\u003c/a>, Rush’s attorney, Adam Pennella, wrote that Rush “observed carnage and death on a daily basis” in Afghanistan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This included attempting to save a civilian whose intestines were falling out by holding them in place with his hands,” Pennella wrote. “Others in his unit were injured and killed, including one of his closest friends from basic training. Then in the years after discharge, multiple of his friends from the military died (one from an overdose, another from a brain aneurism, and a third from suicide).”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/23832993-fowler-letter\">another letter (PDF)\u003c/a> to Judge Donato, retired Army Sgt. Charles Fowler said that Rush had struggled with PTSD but the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs “did not offer Jessie much help in adjusting therapy or medications.” Fowler also wrote that he had talked with Rush about maintaining the skills they learned in the military, adding, “though we had to be careful because outside of the combat zone, we are not cleared to create our own rules of engagement to deal with items we deem as threats.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for PTSD, 29% of the men and women who served in Iraq and Afghanistan will experience symptoms of PTSD at some point in their lives. Carl Castro, director of Military and Veterans Programs at the University of Southern California’s Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work and a retired Army colonel, said PTSD is one of many factors that can lead a veteran to have an unsuccessful transition to civilian life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A veteran might question who they are and whether the sacrifices made in going to war were worth it, according to Castro. One way to regain that sense of identity is to utilize military skills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They want to feel valued as a person,” Castro said. “And one way they do that is by joining an organization that values them, that will tell them, ‘We value you, you are important.’ And not only that, give them an important leadership role in the organization.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One veteran who served in Afghanistan with Rush and spoke to KQED on condition of anonymity because of concerns about speaking publicly about a sensitive criminal case, said when he heard about Rush’s case, he wasn’t surprised someone from his unit had been involved in extremism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We all get set up for failure going into the armed forces,” he said. “Twenty-four seven, 365, we literally thought someone was going to cut our head off or shoot us. That can change the rest of your life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once a soldier leaves the military, he added, job prospects can be limited.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“How do you convert kicking down doors and knowing how to kill people — and I can march with 20–30 pounds on my back, I can take apart a gun with my eyes closed in two minutes — how do you convert that into civilian work? You can’t. Unless you’re a security guard or a police officer,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attempts to reach Rush’s family for comment were unsuccessful. In a Facebook message, Soares responded to a question about her son with, “You’re wasting your time ma’am.” After a reporter left a business card at Rush’s apartment, a woman identifying herself as “Julie” left a voicemail saying the reporter would be pepper-sprayed if they returned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About a year after Griffith met Rush, Rush launched the Grizzly Scouts. “They say the west won’t boog, were [sic] here to gather like minded Californians who can network and establish local goon squads,” Rush wrote in the description of the Facebook group he started, according to prosecutors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think that whole group, whatever the group was, it was more role-play for him,” Griffith said. “I’m afraid that maybe he was trying to impress. I’m hoping he was trying to impress. I just never saw it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Paid to be paranoid\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Jerame Ayers sat behind the wheel of a white Jeep pickup truck at an intersection in Modesto and pointed out things the student beside him should be mindful of while working a private security protection job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Look at people in their cars,” Ayers said. “Keep an eye out for people doing anything unusual.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ayers, 46, wore a black baseball cap with a patch on the front showing the silhouette of a rifle over an American flag. The radio was tuned to SiriusXM Patriot. The two were driving to a mock protest scenario, part of the curriculum at the Academy for Professional Development, the Modesto trade school Ayers, an Army veteran, owns and operates. The school offers EMT and private security training courses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The problem is, everybody becomes paranoid who goes through my training. It never turns off,” he said. “You get paid to be paranoid.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11951971\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11951971 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60347_007_KQED_AcademyForProfDevelopment_11142022-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"A photo taken from the backseat of a vehicle from behind the driver's side. Blurry in the foreground, and in focus in the rearview mirror, we see a light-skinned man in a black baseball cap driving and looking to the right.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60347_007_KQED_AcademyForProfDevelopment_11142022-KQED.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60347_007_KQED_AcademyForProfDevelopment_11142022-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60347_007_KQED_AcademyForProfDevelopment_11142022-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60347_007_KQED_AcademyForProfDevelopment_11142022-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60347_007_KQED_AcademyForProfDevelopment_11142022-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jerame Ayers, CEO of the Academy for Professional Development, teaches an executive protection class in Modesto on Nov. 14, 2022. Executive protection provides security for politicians, celebrities and anyone needing protection against public threats. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In 2019, shortly after he met Griffith, Rush enrolled in Ayers’ 30-day security specialist course, where students learn to guard high-profile clients like CEOs, politicians and celebrities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a career path, protection is popular with veterans who already possess some of the necessary skills, Ayers said. Jobs in the field can bridge the gap between combat and a return to civilian employment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s what I kind of teach them is reintegration,” Ayers said. “But do not let the warrior mindset fade off, because you’re going to need that in this industry.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rush taught EMT classes at the school and began working jobs in private security, an industry he was well suited for but one that “exacerbated his paranoia and vigilance,” according to his attorney Pennella.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aside from periodically visiting his father, Rush mostly kept to himself, Griffith said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Jessie didn’t have a community,” Griffith said. “Jessie had an apartment. And he had a wife. And he had me and Jerame after that. He didn’t have people to have his back around here. He didn’t have people to even hang out with around here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rush found his community online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘[T]hink about the cyclical pattern in the United States of wars and wars ending, and then a small number of disgruntled, or perhaps traumatized, or otherwise disenfranchised veterans coming home from that war and engaging in domestic violent extremism. This is the story of the KKK … There’s a pattern here.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"William Braniff, director, START","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>According to a June 2022 report filed in state court on Carrillo’s “social history and mental decline,” Carrillo found Rush and the Grizzly Scouts in April 2020. After Carrillo joined Facebook groups in support of Second Amendment protections and libertarian ideals, the platform’s algorithm suggested other groups he might be interested in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of them was /K/alifornia Kommando, the Facebook group run by Rush, where prosecutors say he recruited for the Grizzly Scouts. Rush invited Carrillo to the Grizzly Scouts’ group chats and asked Carrillo to sign a liability release, a nondisclosure agreement and an employment application that requested information about Carrillo’s military experience. Rush also sent Carrillo a packing list for an in-person meeting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carrillo later described the Grizzly Scouts as a “paramilitary organization that viewed police as the enemy.” The group was mostly made up of veterans upset with the government for various reasons, including the state of the veteran health care system, according to the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11952314\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11952314 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/Grizzly-Scout-Selection-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"Screenshot of a web-based document, with some text highlighted in yellow.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1275\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/Grizzly-Scout-Selection-KQED.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/Grizzly-Scout-Selection-KQED-800x531.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/Grizzly-Scout-Selection-KQED-1020x677.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/Grizzly-Scout-Selection-KQED-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/Grizzly-Scout-Selection-KQED-1536x1020.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In this graphic first obtained and published by ProPublica, UC Berkeley Journalism’s Investigative Reporting Program and Frontline, candidates for the Grizzly Scouts are asked to provide details of their prior military experience and firearms training. \u003ccite>(Courtesy \u003ca href=\"https://www.propublica.org/article/i-felt-hate-more-than-anything-how-an-active-duty-airman-tried-to-start-a-civil-war\">ProPublica\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Court records show members of the group were given ranks. As commanding officer, Rush held the rank of major. Robert Jesus Blancas, a transient Castro Valley resident, was responsible for security and intelligence, while Kenny Miksch of San Lorenzo was in charge of training and firearms instruction. They were named first lieutenants. Simon Sage Ybarra of Los Gatos held the rank of corporal and was responsible for recruitment. Carrillo was made staff sergeant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://s3.documentcloud.org/documents/22123771/indictment.pdf\">Members discussed tactics for killing police in a WhatsApp group chat labeled “209 Goon HQ” (PDF)\u003c/a>, a reference to the Central Valley area code, according to a March 2021 indictment. At one point, Rush messaged another member: “The gov spent 100s of thousands of dollars on training me, im gonna use that shit,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/23558592-jessie-alexander-rush-government-sentencing-memorandum\">court records show (PDF)\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In May 2020, Rush invited Carrillo to a secluded ranch east of Turlock and told him to bring guns, ammunition, a burner phone and other supplies. Carrillo met with the Grizzly Scouts twice — around May 9 and May 16. He returned home “energized and ecstatic, keenly focused on the mission of the group, and agitated about police misconduct,” Carrillo’s then-girlfriend said, according to the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Griffith and Ayers said Rush invited them to hang out with the Grizzly Scouts, but they declined. Neither thought the group was anything unusual. When Griffith asked Rush who would be there, he said Rush responded, “Like-minded people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11951953\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11951953 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60383_007_KQED_JackGriffithTurlock_11142022-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"A middle-aged white man with a long, scraggly beard reaches over a chest-high wire fence to pet the nose of a white mutt, whose nose is in the air to reach the man's hand. They are surrounded by a scrubby lawn of dirt and grass, and sunlight filters through light green tree cover behind them, alongside a one-story shed with beige siding.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60383_007_KQED_JackGriffithTurlock_11142022-KQED.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60383_007_KQED_JackGriffithTurlock_11142022-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60383_007_KQED_JackGriffithTurlock_11142022-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60383_007_KQED_JackGriffithTurlock_11142022-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60383_007_KQED_JackGriffithTurlock_11142022-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jack Griffith pets his dog at his home in Turlock. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Data show 84% of people with military backgrounds who committed extremist crimes from 1990 to 2021 did so after leaving the military. On average, crimes were committed 15 years after discharge, according to START.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the most infamous examples of violent extremism in U.S. history is the April 19, 1995, bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City. Hundreds of people were injured by the blast that killed 168, 19 of whom were children. The perpetrator, Timothy McVeigh, was an Army veteran, private security guard and white supremacist assisted by a man he met in basic training.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is not illogical if you think about the cyclical pattern in the United States of wars and wars ending, and then a small number of disgruntled, or perhaps traumatized, or otherwise disenfranchised veterans coming home from that war and engaging in domestic violent extremism,” said William Braniff, director of START. “This is the story of the KKK, both after the Civil War, but then after World War I and II, in Korea and Vietnam. There’s a pattern here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chris Buckley, an Army veteran who was a member of the Ku Klux Klan from 2013 to 2016 and now helps young people deradicalize as an intervention specialist with the nonprofit \u003ca href=\"https://www.parents4peace.org/our-team/\">Parents for Peace\u003c/a>, said there’s no shortage of reasons why veterans get involved in extremism. Buckley told KQED his own radicalization began inside the military. Learning to dehumanize his enemy was a tool that served him well emotionally in combat, but was never deactivated, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I come home with this hatred towards Muslims that was left completely unchecked,” said Buckley. “Then about six months after I got home, I started to have my experiences with PTSD. And I started to really break down mentally. Couple that with substance abuse.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When he needed help, the KKK was there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They didn’t come at me with pitchforks, burning crosses and robes,” said Buckley, who testified in front of the House Committee on Veterans’ Affairs in March 2022. “They were like, ‘Hey, man, what’s going on, bro? Like, you need help with Christmas? Here’s some food, bro. Let’s take care of your family before we talk about what we do.’\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That was the first time anybody had reached out to help me. The VA wasn’t,” Buckley said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to an email asking what the VA is doing to support veterans vulnerable to recruitment by extremist groups, Press Secretary Terrence Hayes said the agency is committed to educating veterans on how to identify disinformation and predatory practices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Like any group of Americans, the Veteran community is not a monolith. The overwhelming majority of Veterans neither commit nor condone extremism-related violence,” he wrote. “VA will take action where necessary to abide by laws that protect our country against a tiny minority committed to domestic violent extremism.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nicholas Sanders, who served as a medic in Afghanistan alongside Rush and is now a nurse in Texas, said groups like the Proud Boys and “other wannabe militias” prey on veterans searching for belonging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When I got out of the military, I worked at a military surplus store, and it was weekly,” he said. “People are handing me their cards like, ‘Hey, you know, we’ve got this club,’ or ‘We’ve got this group. We meet up on the weekends, bring your family and do all this.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sanders was initially attracted to the displays of camaraderie.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And then you start reading into it. You’re looking at their pictures and it’s like, ‘Oh, there’s only white people in here,’” he said. “It’s the equivalent of a gang to me. Gangs don’t prey on well-established people. Gangs prey on people that are looking for that acceptance and approval.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘I offed a fed’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In May 2020, the Grizzly Scouts prepared for an operation at a protest in Sacramento, according to prosecutors. Members distributed an “Operations Order” that identified law enforcement as “enemy forces.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On May 27, 2020, Carrillo and Ybarra met behind a gas station in Los Gatos to assemble an assault rifle in the back of Carrillo’s van. The next day, Carrillo contacted Ybarra about attending a protest in Oakland, to “snipe some you know what’s.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ybarra didn’t respond. Instead he reached out to Rush, saying, “just wanted to make sure we are on the same page, and that targeting innocents doesn’t fly with me even if they are wearing a badge.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rush agreed, but said, “yea we need to actually develop targets and cases, be smart. They want war, then we bring em war.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/23558592-jessie-alexander-rush-government-sentencing-memorandum\">He went on (PDF)\u003c/a>: “We can start developing case files, gathering intel, and doing it just like big bro does.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“im not about the fireworks,” he continued. “im more like a surgeon.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On May 29, 2020, Carrillo rode to Oakland in a white van, allegedly driven by Robert Alvin Justus Jr., another man he met online. As they drove past the Federal Building, Carrillo flung open the sliding door and unloaded a fusillade of bullets toward two Federal Protective Service officers, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11824604/man-charged-in-killings-of-oakland-federal-officer-santa-cruz-deputy-linked-to-right-wing-extremist-group\">killing David Patrick Underwood, 53, and wounding Sombat Mifkovic\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About a week later, Santa Cruz County Sheriff’s deputies were in Ben Lomond responding to a call about a white van with weapons inside. Carrillo ambushed the officers, killing Sgt. Damon Gutzwiller, 38, and wounding Deputy Alex Spencer, 32 at the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Later that day, Ybarra drove to Turlock to meet with Rush, prosecutors said, and group members conspired to erase conversations from their phones in which they discussed attacking police. Blancas destroyed Dropbox files related to the group’s structure, onboarding and operations, telling Ybarra a month later, “All physical files I had were literally burned.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He removed our platform and robbed our message,” Rush \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/23832071-govuscourtscand375526170_1\">wrote to the Grizzly Scouts (PDF)\u003c/a>, referring to Carrillo. “Unfortunately we would almost have to wait for the next one. Which is disgusting.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Grizzly Scouts switched to a new messaging platform they thought would be more secure, according to prosecutors. A couple of weeks later, Rush began contacting members.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Jump on [another communication’s platform] if you miss us were [sic] reinventing and if you wanna be apart [sic] of it we’d love to have you back,” Rush said to one member, according to court documents.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Enough\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>On an overcast afternoon last September, firearm enthusiasts inside a gun show at the Stanislaus County Fairgrounds perused tables stacked with Army fatigues, old tactical manuals, knives and bulletproof vests. Every so often, a loud jolt came from a corner where a stun gun was being demoed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At one booth, a man and a woman wearing “California State Militia, 2nd Regiment” T-shirts answered a young man’s questions. Across the aisle, a group of men browsed ammunition magazines modified to hold no more than 10 rounds, per California law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As he browsed the exhibits, stopping occasionally to talk with vendors, Ayers said he believed Rush may have talked about violence that he didn’t actually plan to carry out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Vets, we all get together and hang out,” Ayers said. “I think he got in over his head.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2020, when coverage of Carrillo’s violence was on the news, Rush stopped by Ayers’ school and told him: “I know the two guys that are involved in that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11951952\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11951952 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60374_037_KQED_AcademyForProfDevelopment_11142022-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"A white man looks seriously at the camera standing in front of a storefront at a strip mall next to a banner showing an insignia featuring a snake and two falcons. The man wears a black hat with an American flag, glasses, a dark fleece, and blue jeans.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60374_037_KQED_AcademyForProfDevelopment_11142022-KQED.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60374_037_KQED_AcademyForProfDevelopment_11142022-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60374_037_KQED_AcademyForProfDevelopment_11142022-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60374_037_KQED_AcademyForProfDevelopment_11142022-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60374_037_KQED_AcademyForProfDevelopment_11142022-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jerame Ayers stands outside his school in Modesto, on Nov. 14, 2022. The school offers executive protection, physical security and EMT classes. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I was like, ‘How’d that all go down?’ He’s like, ‘No, we all hung out. And those two individuals were at the place that we hung out,'” Ayers said. “I’m like, ‘I hope you’re not connected to them.’ He says, ‘I mean, other than meeting up with them, but I would never think they’d go do this.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In August that year, the FBI executed search warrants for Rush’s apartment and the homes of other Grizzly Scout members. When he found out about the raid, Ayers said he asked Rush if there was something he wasn’t telling him. “He’s like, ‘No,'” Ayers said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Griffith, too, remembered the raid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And that was kind of where I was like, ‘This is federal territory, buddy,'” Griffith said. “We don’t touch this. This isn’t about PTSD and TBI. If the FBI is knocking [on] your door or kicking or whatever, that’s more serious than what we can handle.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In April 2021, Ayers said, he received a text from Rush saying FBI agents wanted to meet with him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And I said, ‘They didn’t arrest you then, and now they want to talk to you?’ I go, ‘If they are going to talk to you, go there, do what you’re supposed to do,” Ayers said. “You participate, you do what you’re told.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Griffith found out Rush was being summoned by federal agents, he drove to the meeting at a Turlock Police Department precinct to offer support. Rush was already handcuffed in the back of a black SUV when he arrived.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rush and \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/23834714-indictment\">other Grizzly Scout members were indicted (PDF)\u003c/a> on charges including conspiracy to destroy records in official proceedings, destruction of records in official proceedings and obstruction of official proceedings. At sentencing, \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/23834715-sentencing-transcript-rush-ybarra-miksch\">Rush told the court he was “fearful and paranoid” (PDF)\u003c/a> at the time he created the Grizzly Scouts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was exposed to so much rhetoric that seemed contradictory,” he said. “Things that were being said by the government on social media, the state, and just in the news in general just seems like it was pushing back against each other.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Matthew O’Bryan, who served with Rush and stayed in contact with him, said the charges didn’t sound like Rush.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He started [the group] so that veterans like him and me could have just a little bit of normalcy,” said O’Bryan, who wrote a letter on Rush’s behalf before sentencing. “He said that some guy in his group was apparently going off the deep end saying some crazy stuff, and that they all came after him because he was the one who put that stuff together just trying to help people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like Rush, both Ybarra and Miksch pleaded guilty to one count of conspiracy to destroy records in official proceedings and were sentenced to six months in prison in May 2022. Both were released in November.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Blancas was sentenced to 10 ½ years after pleading guilty to charges tied to the Grizzly Scouts case and explicit conversations with underage girls that FBI agents uncovered during a search of his electronic devices. He is currently serving time at a federal prison in Fort Worth, Texas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carrillo is incarcerated at Mule Creek State Prison in Ione in Amador County. Through his attorney in the federal case, he declined to be interviewed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11951972\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11951972 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60375_005_KQED_JackGriffithTurlock_11142022-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"A white man with a long beard sits outdoors in the shade of a tree, at a table with a red table cloth. On the table in front of him are a pack of cigarettes, a lighter, a white mug, a cellphone, and a short stack of papers.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60375_005_KQED_JackGriffithTurlock_11142022-KQED.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60375_005_KQED_JackGriffithTurlock_11142022-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60375_005_KQED_JackGriffithTurlock_11142022-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60375_005_KQED_JackGriffithTurlock_11142022-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60375_005_KQED_JackGriffithTurlock_11142022-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jack Griffith in his backyard in Turlock. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>By November, the hummingbirds in Griffith’s backyard were gone. A stack of magazines sat on the table wrinkled, having been left out in the rain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Griffith looked at a text he had received the previous morning. It was from Rush. Out of prison, he asked if Griffith wanted to hang out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I rose my hand, basically donating my life to this country,” Griffith said. “And that oath is not over. And it states foreign and domestic. That puts him in a column of which, if we were out in public, he would be a threat. We’re supposed to be on the same side and now I have to look at you as a threat. You’d be the one that I’m watching in a crowd.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few days later, the two went on a drive. Rush was tight-lipped, Griffith said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I really feel like I wasn’t enough,” Griffith said, choking back tears. “This is just as shocking as losing someone to suicide that you thought was on the right path. You put in all that work. You think everything’s going one direction, and then either they’re gone or they’re so far offtrack you don’t even realize it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11952237/murder-the-military-and-radicalization-how-much-is-tied-to-a-lack-of-support-for-veterans","authors":["11490"],"categories":["news_31795","news_6188","news_8","news_13"],"tags":["news_17725","news_1416","news_29026","news_31181","news_30202","news_27626","news_80","news_31666","news_29025","news_28118","news_31347","news_237"],"featImg":"news_11952255","label":"news"},"news_11882632":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11882632","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11882632","score":null,"sort":[1627508159000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"workplace-vaccine-mandates-can-employers-require-workers-to-get-the-shot","title":"Workplace Vaccine Mandates: Can Employers Require Workers to Get the Shot?","publishDate":1627508159,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>Hospitals and nursing homes. The University of California and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11882644/csu-to-require-covid-19-vaccinations-for-all-students-faculty-and-staff-on-campus-this-fall\">California State University systems\u003c/a>. San Francisco. And as of this Monday, the state of California. Employers are putting COVID-19 vaccine requirements into place, and it's getting attention. But what happens if workers refuse?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal guidance out this week suggests the law is on the side of employers. Vaccination can be considered a “condition of employment,” akin to a job qualification.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That said, employment lawyers believe many businesses will want to meet hesitant workers halfway. Below are some common questions regarding workplace vaccine requirements. Click on the links below to skip to a specific section:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"#require\">\u003cstrong>Can my employer require me to get the shot?\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"#which\">\u003cstrong>Which employers have ordered a vaccine requirement?\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"#alternatives\">\u003cstrong>What are the alternatives to a vaccine mandate?\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"#options\">\u003cstrong>What are options for employees who refuse to get inoculated?\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"#tide\">\u003cstrong>Could workplace mandates turn the tide on vaccine hesitancy?\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"require\">\u003c/a>Can Employers Require Workers to Get the Shot?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Yes. Private companies and government agencies can require their employees to get vaccinated as a condition of working there. Individuals retain the right to refuse, but they have no ironclad right to legal protection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Those who have a disability or a sincerely held religious belief may be entitled to a reasonable accommodation under civil rights laws, so long as providing that accommodation does not constitute an undue hardship for the employer,” said Sharon Perley Masling, an employment lawyer who leads the COVID-19 task force at Morgan Lewis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Employees who don't meet such criteria “may need to go on leave or seek different opportunities,” she added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Sharon Perley Masling, employment lawyer\"]'Those who have a disability or a sincerely held religious belief may be entitled to a reasonable accommodation under civil rights laws.'[/pullquote]The U.S. Justice Department addressed the rights of employers and workers in a legal opinion this week. It tackled an argument raised by some vaccine skeptics that the federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act prohibits employers from requiring vaccination with shots that are only approved for emergency use, as coronavirus vaccines currently are.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Department lawyers wrote that the law in question requires individuals be informed of their “option to accept or refuse administration” of an emergency use vaccine or drug. But that requirement does not prohibit employers from mandating vaccination as “a condition of employment.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The same reasoning applies to universities, school districts or other entities potentially requiring COVID-19 vaccines, the lawyers added. Available evidence overwhelmingly shows the vaccines are safe and effective.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Justice Department opinion followed earlier guidance from the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission that federal laws prohibiting discrimination in the workplace “do not prevent an employer from requiring all employees physically entering the workplace to be vaccinated for COVID-19.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The EEOC listed some cases in which employers must offer exemptions. People who have a medical or religious reason can be accommodated through alternative measures. Those can include getting tested weekly, wearing masks while in the office or working remotely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11878603\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11878603\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/GettyImages-1232312321-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/GettyImages-1232312321-1.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/GettyImages-1232312321-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/GettyImages-1232312321-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/GettyImages-1232312321-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/GettyImages-1232312321-1-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Californians will be able to acquire a digital record of their coronavirus vaccination to access spaces that require proof of inoculation. \u003ccite>(Chandan Khanna/AFP via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"which\">\u003c/a>Who Is Requiring the Vaccine?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In the Bay Area, the city of San Francisco announced a vaccine mandate earlier this month. City employees in San Francisco that work in high-risk settings must be vaccinated \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfdph.org/dph/alerts/files/C19-07-Safer-Return-Together-Health-Order.pdf\">before Sept. 15\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both San Francisco and Santa Clara counties, along with Contra Costa County, \u003ca href=\"https://covid19.sccgov.org/news-releases/pr-07-22-2021-public-health-officials-urge-employers-to-require-employee-vaccination\">encourage private employers\u003c/a> to mandate vaccine requirements for on-site workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Veterans Affairs on Monday became \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/government-and-politics-business-health-coronavirus-pandemic-92751d50b5919525e4033c63c1b4695f\">the first major federal agency to require\u003c/a> health care workers to get COVID-19 vaccine. Also on Monday, the state of California said \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/government-and-politics-health-california-coronavirus-pandemic-c2c3dbfcf66e41ef77f3f0dbb15ca12f\">it will require \u003c/a>millions of health care workers and state employees to show proof of a COVID-19 vaccination or get tested weekly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>White House press secretary Jen Psaki says the Biden administration is holding the door open to mandates for other federal workers. “We will continue to look at what steps we need to take for our workforce,” she said Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the corporate world, the push for vaccines has been more piecemeal. Delta and United airlines are requiring new employees to show proof of vaccination. Goldman Sachs requires its employees to disclose their vaccination status but does not require staffers to be vaccinated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michelle S. Strowhiro, an employment adviser and lawyer at McDermott Will & Emery, said there are costs for employers requiring vaccines. There’s the administrative burden of tracking compliance and managing exemption requests. Claims of discrimination could also arise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But ultimately, the rise in the \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/michael-brown-europe-coronavirus-pandemic-coronavirus-vaccine-science-e1379d34d3cdff0f522e0915b0f246fe\">delta variant \u003c/a>and breakthrough cases in fully vaccinated people have “served as extra motivation for employers to take a stronger stand on vaccination generally,” she said. “Employers are going to be looking toward vaccine mandates more and more.”\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"alternatives\">\u003c/a>Are There Alternatives to Mandates?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Instead of requiring vaccines, some companies try to entice workers by offering cash bonuses, paid time off and other rewards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Walmart, for example, is offering a $75 bonus for employees who provide proof they were vaccinated. Amazon is giving workers an $80 bonus if they show proof of vaccination, and new hires get $100 if they’re vaccinated.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"options\">\u003c/a>What Are Options for Employees Who Refuse to Get Inoculated?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Most employers are likely to give workers some options if they don’t want to take the vaccine. For example, New York City and California have imposed what's being called a “soft mandate” — workers who don’t want to get vaccinated can get tested weekly instead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If an employer does set a hard requirement, employees can ask for an exemption for medical or religious reasons. Then, under EEOC civil rights rules, the employer must provide “reasonable accommodation that does not pose an undue hardship on the operation of the employer’s business.” Some alternatives could include wearing a face mask at work, social distancing, working a modified shift, COVID-19 testing or the option to work remotely, or even offering a reassignment.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"tide\">\u003c/a>Will Workplace Mandates Turn the Tide on Vaccine Hesitancy?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>It's too early to tell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Every employer that decides to mandate vaccination paves the way for other employers to feel safer doing so,” said Masling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label ='More Stories' tag='vaccine-hesitancy']A recent legal decision may help move the needle. In June, a \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/coronavirus-pandemic-business-health-ef3a5d8c3bac429c3b47d8cf5d3866d7\">federal district court in Texas rejected an attempt by medical workers to challenge the legality\u003c/a> of Houston Methodist Hospital's vaccine mandate. The court found such a requirement in line with public policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dorit Reiss, a law professor specializing in vaccine policies at UC Hastings College of the Law, said, “more businesses will have confidence they can mandate the vaccine.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She believes most companies will go the route of a soft mandate, with alternatives for employees who remain reluctant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it’s a reasonable option,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED's \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/ccabreralomeli\">Carlos Cabrera-Lomelí\u003c/a> contributed to this post.\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Employers are putting COVID-19 vaccine requirements into place. But what happens if workers refuse? According to federal guidance out this week, the law is on the side of employers. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1627511929,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":30,"wordCount":1205},"headData":{"title":"Workplace Vaccine Mandates: Can Employers Require Workers to Get the Shot? | KQED","description":"Employers are putting COVID-19 vaccine requirements into place. But what happens if workers refuse? According to federal guidance out this week, the law is on the side of employers. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"11882632 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11882632","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2021/07/28/workplace-vaccine-mandates-can-employers-require-workers-to-get-the-shot/","disqusTitle":"Workplace Vaccine Mandates: Can Employers Require Workers to Get the Shot?","nprByline":"Mae Anderson and Ricardo Alonso-Zaldivar \u003cbr> The Associated Press","path":"/news/11882632/workplace-vaccine-mandates-can-employers-require-workers-to-get-the-shot","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Hospitals and nursing homes. The University of California and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11882644/csu-to-require-covid-19-vaccinations-for-all-students-faculty-and-staff-on-campus-this-fall\">California State University systems\u003c/a>. San Francisco. And as of this Monday, the state of California. Employers are putting COVID-19 vaccine requirements into place, and it's getting attention. But what happens if workers refuse?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal guidance out this week suggests the law is on the side of employers. Vaccination can be considered a “condition of employment,” akin to a job qualification.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That said, employment lawyers believe many businesses will want to meet hesitant workers halfway. Below are some common questions regarding workplace vaccine requirements. Click on the links below to skip to a specific section:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"#require\">\u003cstrong>Can my employer require me to get the shot?\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"#which\">\u003cstrong>Which employers have ordered a vaccine requirement?\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"#alternatives\">\u003cstrong>What are the alternatives to a vaccine mandate?\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"#options\">\u003cstrong>What are options for employees who refuse to get inoculated?\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"#tide\">\u003cstrong>Could workplace mandates turn the tide on vaccine hesitancy?\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"require\">\u003c/a>Can Employers Require Workers to Get the Shot?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Yes. Private companies and government agencies can require their employees to get vaccinated as a condition of working there. Individuals retain the right to refuse, but they have no ironclad right to legal protection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Those who have a disability or a sincerely held religious belief may be entitled to a reasonable accommodation under civil rights laws, so long as providing that accommodation does not constitute an undue hardship for the employer,” said Sharon Perley Masling, an employment lawyer who leads the COVID-19 task force at Morgan Lewis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Employees who don't meet such criteria “may need to go on leave or seek different opportunities,” she added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"'Those who have a disability or a sincerely held religious belief may be entitled to a reasonable accommodation under civil rights laws.'","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"align":"right","size":"medium","citation":"Sharon Perley Masling, employment lawyer","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The U.S. Justice Department addressed the rights of employers and workers in a legal opinion this week. It tackled an argument raised by some vaccine skeptics that the federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act prohibits employers from requiring vaccination with shots that are only approved for emergency use, as coronavirus vaccines currently are.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Department lawyers wrote that the law in question requires individuals be informed of their “option to accept or refuse administration” of an emergency use vaccine or drug. But that requirement does not prohibit employers from mandating vaccination as “a condition of employment.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The same reasoning applies to universities, school districts or other entities potentially requiring COVID-19 vaccines, the lawyers added. Available evidence overwhelmingly shows the vaccines are safe and effective.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Justice Department opinion followed earlier guidance from the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission that federal laws prohibiting discrimination in the workplace “do not prevent an employer from requiring all employees physically entering the workplace to be vaccinated for COVID-19.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The EEOC listed some cases in which employers must offer exemptions. People who have a medical or religious reason can be accommodated through alternative measures. Those can include getting tested weekly, wearing masks while in the office or working remotely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11878603\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11878603\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/GettyImages-1232312321-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/GettyImages-1232312321-1.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/GettyImages-1232312321-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/GettyImages-1232312321-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/GettyImages-1232312321-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/GettyImages-1232312321-1-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Californians will be able to acquire a digital record of their coronavirus vaccination to access spaces that require proof of inoculation. \u003ccite>(Chandan Khanna/AFP via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"which\">\u003c/a>Who Is Requiring the Vaccine?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In the Bay Area, the city of San Francisco announced a vaccine mandate earlier this month. City employees in San Francisco that work in high-risk settings must be vaccinated \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfdph.org/dph/alerts/files/C19-07-Safer-Return-Together-Health-Order.pdf\">before Sept. 15\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both San Francisco and Santa Clara counties, along with Contra Costa County, \u003ca href=\"https://covid19.sccgov.org/news-releases/pr-07-22-2021-public-health-officials-urge-employers-to-require-employee-vaccination\">encourage private employers\u003c/a> to mandate vaccine requirements for on-site workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Veterans Affairs on Monday became \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/government-and-politics-business-health-coronavirus-pandemic-92751d50b5919525e4033c63c1b4695f\">the first major federal agency to require\u003c/a> health care workers to get COVID-19 vaccine. Also on Monday, the state of California said \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/government-and-politics-health-california-coronavirus-pandemic-c2c3dbfcf66e41ef77f3f0dbb15ca12f\">it will require \u003c/a>millions of health care workers and state employees to show proof of a COVID-19 vaccination or get tested weekly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>White House press secretary Jen Psaki says the Biden administration is holding the door open to mandates for other federal workers. “We will continue to look at what steps we need to take for our workforce,” she said Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the corporate world, the push for vaccines has been more piecemeal. Delta and United airlines are requiring new employees to show proof of vaccination. Goldman Sachs requires its employees to disclose their vaccination status but does not require staffers to be vaccinated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michelle S. Strowhiro, an employment adviser and lawyer at McDermott Will & Emery, said there are costs for employers requiring vaccines. There’s the administrative burden of tracking compliance and managing exemption requests. Claims of discrimination could also arise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But ultimately, the rise in the \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/michael-brown-europe-coronavirus-pandemic-coronavirus-vaccine-science-e1379d34d3cdff0f522e0915b0f246fe\">delta variant \u003c/a>and breakthrough cases in fully vaccinated people have “served as extra motivation for employers to take a stronger stand on vaccination generally,” she said. “Employers are going to be looking toward vaccine mandates more and more.”\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"alternatives\">\u003c/a>Are There Alternatives to Mandates?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Instead of requiring vaccines, some companies try to entice workers by offering cash bonuses, paid time off and other rewards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Walmart, for example, is offering a $75 bonus for employees who provide proof they were vaccinated. Amazon is giving workers an $80 bonus if they show proof of vaccination, and new hires get $100 if they’re vaccinated.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"options\">\u003c/a>What Are Options for Employees Who Refuse to Get Inoculated?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Most employers are likely to give workers some options if they don’t want to take the vaccine. For example, New York City and California have imposed what's being called a “soft mandate” — workers who don’t want to get vaccinated can get tested weekly instead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If an employer does set a hard requirement, employees can ask for an exemption for medical or religious reasons. Then, under EEOC civil rights rules, the employer must provide “reasonable accommodation that does not pose an undue hardship on the operation of the employer’s business.” Some alternatives could include wearing a face mask at work, social distancing, working a modified shift, COVID-19 testing or the option to work remotely, or even offering a reassignment.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"tide\">\u003c/a>Will Workplace Mandates Turn the Tide on Vaccine Hesitancy?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>It's too early to tell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Every employer that decides to mandate vaccination paves the way for other employers to feel safer doing so,” said Masling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"More Stories ","tag":"vaccine-hesitancy"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>A recent legal decision may help move the needle. In June, a \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/coronavirus-pandemic-business-health-ef3a5d8c3bac429c3b47d8cf5d3866d7\">federal district court in Texas rejected an attempt by medical workers to challenge the legality\u003c/a> of Houston Methodist Hospital's vaccine mandate. The court found such a requirement in line with public policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dorit Reiss, a law professor specializing in vaccine policies at UC Hastings College of the Law, said, “more businesses will have confidence they can mandate the vaccine.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She believes most companies will go the route of a soft mandate, with alternatives for employees who remain reluctant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it’s a reasonable option,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED's \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/ccabreralomeli\">Carlos Cabrera-Lomelí\u003c/a> contributed to this post.\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11882632/workplace-vaccine-mandates-can-employers-require-workers-to-get-the-shot","authors":["byline_news_11882632"],"categories":["news_1758","news_457","news_8"],"tags":["news_29058","news_29076","news_1416","news_29719","news_29193"],"featImg":"news_11882724","label":"news"},"news_11773395":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11773395","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11773395","score":null,"sort":[1568142108000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"va-yanks-authority-from-california-agency-overseeing-veterans-education","title":"VA Yanks Authority From California Agency Overseeing Veterans' Education","publishDate":1568142108,"format":"standard","headTitle":"The California Report | KQED News","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>The U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs has canceled its contract with a California state agency that approves colleges to receive GI Bill funds, a move following a \u003ca href=\"https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2018/09/07/california-agency-stands-suspension-colleges-state-based-gi-eligibility\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">lengthy dispute\u003c/a> over how to regulate for-profit and out-of-state schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The VA said Friday it will take over responsibility for deciding which California schools qualify to receive military education benefits, a role it has traditionally delegated to states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Related stories\" tag=\"gi-bill\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But state officials insist that California law authorizes them to carry out those responsibilities and vowed to continue to do so, setting the stage for yet another potential showdown between the state and the Trump administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The dispute comes after the VA pushed the California State Approving Agency for Veterans Education to approve the payment of GI Bill benefits to Ashford University, an online for-profit college. But state Attorney General Xavier Becerra is \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/news/press-releases/attorney-general-xavier-becerra-sues-profit-ashford-university-defrauding-and\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">suing Ashford\u003c/a>, alleging the school lied to prospective students about financial aid and job outcomes, and engaged in illegal debt collection practices. State regulators said they would not act on the university’s application while the lawsuit is pending.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a letter to the state agency, the VA said its performance had “significantly declined to an unacceptable level” over the past three years. It said the agency had failed to complete required surveys of schools and approve educational programs on military bases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The letter also cited the agency's decision not to approve Ashford.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state agency's \"continued refusal to adhere to the requirements of the cooperative agreement has negatively impacted the ability of veterans and qualifying dependents to maximize their utilization of VA educational assistance benefits,” wrote Charmain Bogue, executive director of the VA’s education service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Department of Veterans Affairs, \u003ca href=\"https://www.calvet.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">known as CalVet\u003c/a>, oversees the quality of 1,600 colleges and training facilities that serve military veterans, inspecting the schools and verifying information about their financial stability, job placements and accreditation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“CalVet takes very seriously our responsibility to protect taxpayers and veterans from waste, fraud and abuse while ensuring veterans in California receive the education and training they are paying for with their earned GI Bill benefits,” said department spokeswoman Lindsey Sin. She added that the federal VA \"has taken exception with many of our actions over the years and continues to disagree with our efforts to protect veterans’ educational benefits in California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sin said the VA’s letter was “riddled with inaccuracies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The letter does keep open the possibility that the VA would sign a new contract with the California agency if it worked to “resolve all outstanding issues.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, VA spokeswoman Christina Mandreucci said the department would work closely with the state agency to ensure California veterans can use their education benefits at approved schools. The decision will take effect Oct. 1, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://calmatters.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cem>CalMatters.org\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> is a nonprofit, nonpartisan media venture explaining California policies and politics. This story and other higher education coverage are supported by the College Futures Foundation.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The U.S. Veteran Affairs Department pulled its contract from the state agency that approves colleges to receive GI Bill funds, setting up another showdown between California and the Trump administration.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1568161080,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":16,"wordCount":516},"headData":{"title":"VA Yanks Authority From California Agency Overseeing Veterans' Education | KQED","description":"The U.S. Veteran Affairs Department pulled its contract from the state agency that approves colleges to receive GI Bill funds, setting up another showdown between California and the Trump administration.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"11773395 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11773395","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2019/09/10/va-yanks-authority-from-california-agency-overseeing-veterans-education/","disqusTitle":"VA Yanks Authority From California Agency Overseeing Veterans' Education","source":"CalMatters","sourceUrl":"https://calmatters.org/","nprByline":"\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/author/feliciacalmatters-org/\">Felicia Mello\u003c/a>\u003cbr>CalMatters","path":"/news/11773395/va-yanks-authority-from-california-agency-overseeing-veterans-education","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs has canceled its contract with a California state agency that approves colleges to receive GI Bill funds, a move following a \u003ca href=\"https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2018/09/07/california-agency-stands-suspension-colleges-state-based-gi-eligibility\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">lengthy dispute\u003c/a> over how to regulate for-profit and out-of-state schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The VA said Friday it will take over responsibility for deciding which California schools qualify to receive military education benefits, a role it has traditionally delegated to states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"Related stories ","tag":"gi-bill"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But state officials insist that California law authorizes them to carry out those responsibilities and vowed to continue to do so, setting the stage for yet another potential showdown between the state and the Trump administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The dispute comes after the VA pushed the California State Approving Agency for Veterans Education to approve the payment of GI Bill benefits to Ashford University, an online for-profit college. But state Attorney General Xavier Becerra is \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/news/press-releases/attorney-general-xavier-becerra-sues-profit-ashford-university-defrauding-and\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">suing Ashford\u003c/a>, alleging the school lied to prospective students about financial aid and job outcomes, and engaged in illegal debt collection practices. State regulators said they would not act on the university’s application while the lawsuit is pending.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a letter to the state agency, the VA said its performance had “significantly declined to an unacceptable level” over the past three years. It said the agency had failed to complete required surveys of schools and approve educational programs on military bases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The letter also cited the agency's decision not to approve Ashford.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state agency's \"continued refusal to adhere to the requirements of the cooperative agreement has negatively impacted the ability of veterans and qualifying dependents to maximize their utilization of VA educational assistance benefits,” wrote Charmain Bogue, executive director of the VA’s education service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Department of Veterans Affairs, \u003ca href=\"https://www.calvet.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">known as CalVet\u003c/a>, oversees the quality of 1,600 colleges and training facilities that serve military veterans, inspecting the schools and verifying information about their financial stability, job placements and accreditation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“CalVet takes very seriously our responsibility to protect taxpayers and veterans from waste, fraud and abuse while ensuring veterans in California receive the education and training they are paying for with their earned GI Bill benefits,” said department spokeswoman Lindsey Sin. She added that the federal VA \"has taken exception with many of our actions over the years and continues to disagree with our efforts to protect veterans’ educational benefits in California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sin said the VA’s letter was “riddled with inaccuracies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The letter does keep open the possibility that the VA would sign a new contract with the California agency if it worked to “resolve all outstanding issues.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, VA spokeswoman Christina Mandreucci said the department would work closely with the state agency to ensure California veterans can use their education benefits at approved schools. The decision will take effect Oct. 1, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://calmatters.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cem>CalMatters.org\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> is a nonprofit, nonpartisan media venture explaining California policies and politics. This story and other higher education coverage are supported by the College Futures Foundation.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11773395/va-yanks-authority-from-california-agency-overseeing-veterans-education","authors":["byline_news_11773395"],"programs":["news_72"],"categories":["news_18540","news_8","news_13"],"tags":["news_1416","news_6643"],"featImg":"news_11773407","label":"source_news_11773395"},"news_11687715":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11687715","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11687715","score":null,"sort":[1534748440000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"overcoming-a-shameful-past-va-plans-haven-for-homeless-vets-in-west-los-angeles","title":"Overcoming a Shameful Past, VA Plans Haven for Homeless Vets in West Los Angeles","publishDate":1534748440,"format":"image","headTitle":"The California Report | KQED News","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>A vast green space in one of the poshest neighborhoods in Los Angeles is slated to become a haven for homeless veterans. That's a big change for the campus of the VA West Los Angeles Medical Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For years, parts of the property were illegally rented to a variety of commercial enterprises having nothing to do with helping veterans. This month, two men involved in those deals will be sentenced to federal prison for bribery and fraud.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The nearly 400 acres of the VA West Los Angeles Medical Center were donated in the 19th century to be a home for old and disabled soldiers. But the land hasn't been used that way in decades. More recently it's been home to parking lots for school buses and rental cars, a commercial laundry for hotels, a storage facility for TV shows, among other uses having nothing to do with veterans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So when he became secretary of the Department of Veterans Affairs in 2014, \u003ca href=\"https://docs.house.gov/meetings/AP/AP18/20160302/104548/HHRG-114-AP18-Bio-McDonaldR-20160302.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Robert McDonald\u003c/a> examined all of those rental agreements. \"The money didn't add up,\" he says. \"There was some indication of payoffs, of bribery.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He added, \"if we found monkey business, we turned it over to the FBI.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There had been no public accounting of what the VA West Los Angeles took in from these rentals or where the money went. NPR obtained documents in 2012 that showed the rentals at the VA had brought in at least $28 million and maybe more than $40 million. At the same time, there was no action on plans to create housing on the campus for homeless vets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McDonald says the parking lot deals looked particularly fishy. \"If there's a sweetheart deal going on, who made that sweetheart deal and what are they getting out of it?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11687717\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/va-img_1600-a166c4b3a9f051509935a07919d17efae6e385cd-1020x765.jpg\" alt=\"Meghan Flanz is in charge of turning the VA West Los Angeles campus into a community for at least 1,200 chronically homeless veterans. She hopes this former soccer field will be turned into new housing for female veterans and their children.\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" class=\"size-large wp-image-11687717\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Meghan Flanz is in charge of turning the VA West Los Angeles campus into a community for at least 1,200 chronically homeless veterans. She hopes this former soccer field will be turned into new housing for female veterans and their children. \u003ccite>(Ina Jaffe/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A man named David Richard Scott got a lot out of those deals. He had the parking concession on the campus and lied about how much money he took in. As a result, the VA didn't get what it was owed. According to court documents, Scott shortchanged the government more than $13 million. In May, he \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/usao-cdca/pr/parking-lot-operator-agrees-plead-guilty-scheme-pay-bribes-and-defraud-department\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">pleaded guilty\u003c/a> to fraud, forfeited millions in cash, cars and real estate, and agreed to serve nearly six years in prison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scott got away with the scam because he was bribing another man named Ralph Tillman, who oversaw all the rental deals on the VA campus. Tillman has also \u003ca target=\"_blank\">pleaded guilty\u003c/a> and faces a maximum sentence of eight years in prison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We need to rebuild veterans' trust in what we're doing on this campus,\" says Meghan Flanz, who is in charge of turning the VA West Los Angeles campus into a community for at least 1,200 chronically homeless veterans. \u003ca target=\"_blank\">The plan\u003c/a> was part of a settlement of a lawsuit brought by homeless vets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the history of conflict and corruption at VA West Los Angeles, Flanz moved from Washington, D.C., back to her native Southern California to take what she describes as her dream job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is a moral imperative,\" she says. \"There are veterans who need housing. We've got the space to house them. The property was deeded to us to house them. So we will get this done.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11687718\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/va-img_1577-c7e14198f5445f2a0cf7e719a5272f4417dc2c1a-1020x765.jpg\" alt=\"William Williamson was a jet mechanic on an aircraft carrier during the Vietnam War. Now Williamson lives close to all his doctors at the VA Medical Center who help him with his asthma, heart problems and nerve damage in both legs.\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" class=\"size-large wp-image-11687718\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">William Williamson was a jet mechanic on an aircraft carrier during the Vietnam War. Now Williamson lives close to all his doctors at the VA Medical Center who help him with his asthma, heart problems and nerve damage in both legs. \u003ccite>(Ina Jaffe/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The vision is huge. It encompasses not only housing with on-site services but places for residents to socialize, to get job training, to make music and art. The obstacles are also huge. They include the need to find funding to renovate some of the campus's many empty buildings or build new housing from scratch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the VA does not foot the bill for veteran housing. It is now trying to hire a developer who knows how to piece together funds from an assortment of local, state and federal programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So out of the 1,200 or more veterans who might someday live on the campus, there are now just 54 who do — all of them in Building 209. It's the only one that has been converted to housing so far. William Williamson loves it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I look at it this way: It was God-given to me,\" he says, \"and I bless him and the people here at the building every day I wake up.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Williamson was a jet mechanic on an aircraft carrier during the Vietnam War. When the Navy was no longer his home, sometimes prison was.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says he did time for various things, \"like grand theft auto,\" but \"mostly [for] manufacturing drugs.\" The last time he got busted, he went away for 10 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He lost his permanent housing three years ago in a roommate dispute. Then it was couch surfing, a shelter and, eventually, the street. That was \"eye-opening,\" Williamson says. It was especially scary at night, \"when you try to find a place to sleep, 'cause you never know what's going to happen.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11687719\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/va-img_1580-e1e3050908234ad2cd82a440727bbf69bb6ada0d-1020x765.jpg\" alt=\"Tod Lipka, CEO of Step Up on Second, which provides services at Building 209.\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" class=\"size-large wp-image-11687719\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tod Lipka, CEO of Step Up on Second, which provides services at Building 209.\u003cbr> \u003ccite>(Ina Jaffe/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Now Williamson lives close to all his doctors at the VA Medical Center who help him with his asthma, heart problems and nerve damage in both legs. And the social services in the building help him with everything from military benefits to grief over the death of a friend. An outside organization called \u003ca target=\"_blank\">Step Up on Second\u003c/a> provides those services. But \u003ca target=\"_blank\">Tod Lipka\u003c/a>, the CEO, says there's one thing his organization can't provide for the residents here — community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Most people want to live in a neighborhood where other people are, but right now, for the first tenants, there's no other housing on the campus,\" which can make them feel isolated, Lipka says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That will change. Two more empty buildings next to 209 are about to be converted to housing. But the renovations won't be done for almost two years. Even then, there will be just over 170 formerly homeless vets living on the campus. That's a small fraction of the number the VA hopes will someday live at this former home for old and disabled soldiers. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Overcoming+A+Shameful+Past%2C+VA+Plans+Haven+For+Homeless+Vets+In+West+Los+Angeles&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The VA West Los Angeles Medical Center was supposed to be a home for old and disabled soldiers. After decades, it's being transformed into a community for at least 1,200 chronically homeless veterans.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1534806455,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":24,"wordCount":1117},"headData":{"title":"Overcoming a Shameful Past, VA Plans Haven for Homeless Vets in West Los Angeles | KQED","description":"The VA West Los Angeles Medical Center was supposed to be a home for old and disabled soldiers. After decades, it's being transformed into a community for at least 1,200 chronically homeless veterans.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"11687715 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11687715","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2018/08/20/overcoming-a-shameful-past-va-plans-haven-for-homeless-vets-in-west-los-angeles/","disqusTitle":"Overcoming a Shameful Past, VA Plans Haven for Homeless Vets in West Los Angeles","source":"NPR","sourceUrl":"http://www.npr.org/","audioUrl":"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/638653419/638775946","nprImageCredit":"Ina Jaffe","nprByline":"\u003cstrong>Ina Jaffe\u003cbr/>NPR\u003c/strong>","nprImageAgency":"NPR","nprStoryId":"638653419","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=638653419&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/2018/08/15/638653419/overcoming-a-shameful-past-va-plans-haven-for-homeless-vets-in-west-los-angeles?ft=nprml&f=638653419","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Wed, 15 Aug 2018 15:57:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Wed, 15 Aug 2018 05:06:00 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Wed, 15 Aug 2018 16:01:00 -0400","nprAudio":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2018/08/20180815_me_overcoming_a_shameful_past_va_plans_a_haven_for_homeless_vets_in_west_los_angeles.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1003&d=306&p=3&story=638653419&ft=nprml&f=638653419","nprAudioM3u":"http://api.npr.org/m3u/1638775946-cbb325.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1003&d=306&p=3&story=638653419&ft=nprml&f=638653419","path":"/news/11687715/overcoming-a-shameful-past-va-plans-haven-for-homeless-vets-in-west-los-angeles","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A vast green space in one of the poshest neighborhoods in Los Angeles is slated to become a haven for homeless veterans. That's a big change for the campus of the VA West Los Angeles Medical Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For years, parts of the property were illegally rented to a variety of commercial enterprises having nothing to do with helping veterans. This month, two men involved in those deals will be sentenced to federal prison for bribery and fraud.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The nearly 400 acres of the VA West Los Angeles Medical Center were donated in the 19th century to be a home for old and disabled soldiers. But the land hasn't been used that way in decades. More recently it's been home to parking lots for school buses and rental cars, a commercial laundry for hotels, a storage facility for TV shows, among other uses having nothing to do with veterans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So when he became secretary of the Department of Veterans Affairs in 2014, \u003ca href=\"https://docs.house.gov/meetings/AP/AP18/20160302/104548/HHRG-114-AP18-Bio-McDonaldR-20160302.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Robert McDonald\u003c/a> examined all of those rental agreements. \"The money didn't add up,\" he says. \"There was some indication of payoffs, of bribery.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He added, \"if we found monkey business, we turned it over to the FBI.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There had been no public accounting of what the VA West Los Angeles took in from these rentals or where the money went. NPR obtained documents in 2012 that showed the rentals at the VA had brought in at least $28 million and maybe more than $40 million. At the same time, there was no action on plans to create housing on the campus for homeless vets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McDonald says the parking lot deals looked particularly fishy. \"If there's a sweetheart deal going on, who made that sweetheart deal and what are they getting out of it?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11687717\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/va-img_1600-a166c4b3a9f051509935a07919d17efae6e385cd-1020x765.jpg\" alt=\"Meghan Flanz is in charge of turning the VA West Los Angeles campus into a community for at least 1,200 chronically homeless veterans. She hopes this former soccer field will be turned into new housing for female veterans and their children.\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" class=\"size-large wp-image-11687717\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Meghan Flanz is in charge of turning the VA West Los Angeles campus into a community for at least 1,200 chronically homeless veterans. She hopes this former soccer field will be turned into new housing for female veterans and their children. \u003ccite>(Ina Jaffe/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A man named David Richard Scott got a lot out of those deals. He had the parking concession on the campus and lied about how much money he took in. As a result, the VA didn't get what it was owed. According to court documents, Scott shortchanged the government more than $13 million. In May, he \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/usao-cdca/pr/parking-lot-operator-agrees-plead-guilty-scheme-pay-bribes-and-defraud-department\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">pleaded guilty\u003c/a> to fraud, forfeited millions in cash, cars and real estate, and agreed to serve nearly six years in prison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scott got away with the scam because he was bribing another man named Ralph Tillman, who oversaw all the rental deals on the VA campus. Tillman has also \u003ca target=\"_blank\">pleaded guilty\u003c/a> and faces a maximum sentence of eight years in prison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We need to rebuild veterans' trust in what we're doing on this campus,\" says Meghan Flanz, who is in charge of turning the VA West Los Angeles campus into a community for at least 1,200 chronically homeless veterans. \u003ca target=\"_blank\">The plan\u003c/a> was part of a settlement of a lawsuit brought by homeless vets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the history of conflict and corruption at VA West Los Angeles, Flanz moved from Washington, D.C., back to her native Southern California to take what she describes as her dream job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is a moral imperative,\" she says. \"There are veterans who need housing. We've got the space to house them. The property was deeded to us to house them. So we will get this done.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11687718\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/va-img_1577-c7e14198f5445f2a0cf7e719a5272f4417dc2c1a-1020x765.jpg\" alt=\"William Williamson was a jet mechanic on an aircraft carrier during the Vietnam War. Now Williamson lives close to all his doctors at the VA Medical Center who help him with his asthma, heart problems and nerve damage in both legs.\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" class=\"size-large wp-image-11687718\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">William Williamson was a jet mechanic on an aircraft carrier during the Vietnam War. Now Williamson lives close to all his doctors at the VA Medical Center who help him with his asthma, heart problems and nerve damage in both legs. \u003ccite>(Ina Jaffe/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The vision is huge. It encompasses not only housing with on-site services but places for residents to socialize, to get job training, to make music and art. The obstacles are also huge. They include the need to find funding to renovate some of the campus's many empty buildings or build new housing from scratch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the VA does not foot the bill for veteran housing. It is now trying to hire a developer who knows how to piece together funds from an assortment of local, state and federal programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So out of the 1,200 or more veterans who might someday live on the campus, there are now just 54 who do — all of them in Building 209. It's the only one that has been converted to housing so far. William Williamson loves it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I look at it this way: It was God-given to me,\" he says, \"and I bless him and the people here at the building every day I wake up.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Williamson was a jet mechanic on an aircraft carrier during the Vietnam War. When the Navy was no longer his home, sometimes prison was.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says he did time for various things, \"like grand theft auto,\" but \"mostly [for] manufacturing drugs.\" The last time he got busted, he went away for 10 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He lost his permanent housing three years ago in a roommate dispute. Then it was couch surfing, a shelter and, eventually, the street. That was \"eye-opening,\" Williamson says. It was especially scary at night, \"when you try to find a place to sleep, 'cause you never know what's going to happen.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11687719\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/va-img_1580-e1e3050908234ad2cd82a440727bbf69bb6ada0d-1020x765.jpg\" alt=\"Tod Lipka, CEO of Step Up on Second, which provides services at Building 209.\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" class=\"size-large wp-image-11687719\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tod Lipka, CEO of Step Up on Second, which provides services at Building 209.\u003cbr> \u003ccite>(Ina Jaffe/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Now Williamson lives close to all his doctors at the VA Medical Center who help him with his asthma, heart problems and nerve damage in both legs. And the social services in the building help him with everything from military benefits to grief over the death of a friend. An outside organization called \u003ca target=\"_blank\">Step Up on Second\u003c/a> provides those services. But \u003ca target=\"_blank\">Tod Lipka\u003c/a>, the CEO, says there's one thing his organization can't provide for the residents here — community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Most people want to live in a neighborhood where other people are, but right now, for the first tenants, there's no other housing on the campus,\" which can make them feel isolated, Lipka says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That will change. Two more empty buildings next to 209 are about to be converted to housing. But the renovations won't be done for almost two years. Even then, there will be just over 170 formerly homeless vets living on the campus. That's a small fraction of the number the VA hopes will someday live at this former home for old and disabled soldiers. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Overcoming+A+Shameful+Past%2C+VA+Plans+Haven+For+Homeless+Vets+In+West+Los+Angeles&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11687715/overcoming-a-shameful-past-va-plans-haven-for-homeless-vets-in-west-los-angeles","authors":["byline_news_11687715"],"programs":["news_72"],"categories":["news_457","news_6266","news_8"],"tags":["news_1416","news_23730","news_4"],"featImg":"news_11687716","label":"source_news_11687715"},"news_11619585":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11619585","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11619585","score":null,"sort":[1506870598000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"the-vietnam-vet-who-returned-as-santa-claus","title":"The Vietnam Vet Who Returned (as Santa Claus)","publishDate":1506870598,"format":"image","headTitle":"The California Report | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":72,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cem>This story is part of a series called \"Faces of the Vietnam War.\" KQED recently asked our audience to submit their stories about the Vietnam War. We heard from refugees, military veterans, journalists, activists and more. This story is about San Francisco resident John Dubpernell, 67, who served in the U.S. Army during the war.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anniversaries can be important for veterans. “For me, it’s March 5,” said veteran John Dubpernell. On that date in 1971, he was a door gunner serving in Vietnam with the 282nd Assault Helicopter Company, which was providing air support for the South Vietnamese army during an operation called Lam Son 719. “Vietnam’s version of D-Day” is what he calls it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. military deployed many helicopters during the massive campaign, including Dubpernell’s Huey. One day, while his aircraft was returning from a dangerous mission, a mayday call came over the radio. Dubpernell, who was sitting in the left doorway, looked out over the far side of the gunship and said he saw another helicopter going down in flames.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now on high alert, his helicopter began taking fire. “I don’t know whether I hear or feel the aircraft taking hits,” he recalled. “So I immediately started firing below.” After they got clear of the area, Dubpernell said he noticed that his seat, which had been modified to include an armor plate by a previous crew member, had stopped an AK-47 bullet. “That saved my life,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11619601\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-11619601\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/00186_p_11afcgqrw30067_z-1020x670.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"420\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/00186_p_11afcgqrw30067_z-1020x670.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/00186_p_11afcgqrw30067_z-160x105.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/00186_p_11afcgqrw30067_z-800x525.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/00186_p_11afcgqrw30067_z-1920x1260.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/00186_p_11afcgqrw30067_z-1180x775.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/00186_p_11afcgqrw30067_z-960x630.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/00186_p_11afcgqrw30067_z-240x158.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/00186_p_11afcgqrw30067_z-375x246.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/00186_p_11afcgqrw30067_z-520x341.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bullet holes in John Dubpernell's helicopter after a firefight on March 5, 1971 \u003ccite>(Courtesy John Dubpernell)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Lam Son 719 was one of the bloodiest battles in the war, and Army helicopter crews \u003ca href=\"http://www.businessinsider.com/uncovering-the-story-of-one-of-the-vietnam-wars-bloodiest-battles-2015-1\">suffered heavy losses\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For decades, Dubpernell avoided the anniversary of the day when he was nearly killed. “When I came home in December of 1971, I put a weld around the door that was that part of my life,” he told KQED. It was only much later, in the late '90s, that he would revisit his time in Vietnam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dubpernell had been drafted into the Army in June 1970 and served on UH-1 Huey gunships, which he calls “the Jeep of the sky.” He was stationed in Da Nang, a city on Vietnam's central coast, and quickly rose through the enlisted ranks to become a crew chief -- a job that made him responsible for the whole helicopter, including its maintenance, fueling and more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To this day, Dubpernell still holds the fellowship of being on a combat flight crew in high esteem. “There's that unspoken aspect of camaraderie,” he said. “In civilian life, you'll never experience it.” But his combat experience left him traumatized and disenchanted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The urge to put Vietnam behind him began soon after Dubpernell returned home. Revelations about the government’s dishonest handling of the war only deepened his desire to forget his experiences, he said. “I read Daniel Ellsberg's 'Pentagon Papers' and that's when it really cemented my feelings about Vietnam -- really putting a weld around the door and wanting to forget the whole thing,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">'I just had this compelling desire to go back to Vietnam. And in my heart, I wanted to correct all of the wrongs that were done.'\u003ccite>John Dubpernell\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>When he was 41, Dubpernell got laid off from his job as a production coordinator for a San Francisco-based printer and began searching for meaning in life. He ended up reading \"When Heaven and Earth Changed Places,\" a memoir by Vietnamese-American author Le Ly Hayslip about her experience of the war as a child. In it, he learned that Hayslip had founded a nonprofit called East Meets West, which provides support for a government-run orphanage in Da Nang.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dubpernell decided to visit the orphanage, called Village of Hope, in December 1998. “I just had this compelling desire to go back to Vietnam. And in my heart, I wanted to correct all of the wrongs that were done,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Dubpernell was visiting the East Meets West offices in Da Nang, the staff told him they were planning to celebrate Christmas with the kids in the orphanage and invited him along.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We're even going to have a Santa Claus,” he remembers them saying. Back at his hotel, Dubpernell thought about the celebration and came to a decision: “I'm saying to myself: I want to be that Santa Claus. I've got the moustache.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11619603\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-11619603\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS26580_20170912_VietnamStories_JohnDubpernell_Credit_BertJohnson-3-qut-1020x680.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS26580_20170912_VietnamStories_JohnDubpernell_Credit_BertJohnson-3-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS26580_20170912_VietnamStories_JohnDubpernell_Credit_BertJohnson-3-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS26580_20170912_VietnamStories_JohnDubpernell_Credit_BertJohnson-3-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS26580_20170912_VietnamStories_JohnDubpernell_Credit_BertJohnson-3-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS26580_20170912_VietnamStories_JohnDubpernell_Credit_BertJohnson-3-qut-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS26580_20170912_VietnamStories_JohnDubpernell_Credit_BertJohnson-3-qut-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS26580_20170912_VietnamStories_JohnDubpernell_Credit_BertJohnson-3-qut-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS26580_20170912_VietnamStories_JohnDubpernell_Credit_BertJohnson-3-qut-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS26580_20170912_VietnamStories_JohnDubpernell_Credit_BertJohnson-3-qut-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">John Dubpernell shows photos from his visits to Village of Hope, an orphanage in Da Nang, Vietnam. He has gone back three times to play Santa Claus and distribute gifts to the children who live there. \u003ccite>(Bert Johnson/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The staff agreed and Dubpernell, dressed as St. Nicholas, shared dinner and gifts with the children at Village of Hope. The experience was so gratifying that he went back. “I have done three trips, each time going back in December and playing Santa Claus in Da Nang,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Following that first visit, Dubpernell started experiencing severe symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In the decades following his deployment, he'd struggled with anger issues, but his return to Da Nang set off a new series of reactions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was a basket case in terms of crying,” he told KQED. “I was drinking heavily.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some friends, fellow combat veterans, grew concerned when they recognized his symptoms and urged him to seek help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dubpernell followed their advice and enrolled in a mental health program at the VA’s San Francisco medical center in 1999.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once he was diagnosed with PTSD, Dubpernell committed himself to treatment and still attends group therapy three times a week. “All those years I invested in my PTSD therapies, it pays off,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11619611\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-11619611\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/Dubpernell-edit-1020x662.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"415\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/Dubpernell-edit-1020x662.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/Dubpernell-edit-160x104.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/Dubpernell-edit-800x519.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/Dubpernell-edit-1180x766.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/Dubpernell-edit-960x623.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/Dubpernell-edit-240x156.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/Dubpernell-edit-375x243.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/Dubpernell-edit-520x338.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/Dubpernell-edit.jpg 1819w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">John Dubpernell photographed early in his deployment to Vietnam. \u003ccite>(Courtesy John Dubpernell)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The trauma Dubpernell experienced has affected his life in other ways, too. “Like other people dealing with PTSD, relationships are a real challenge,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dubpernell, who came out as gay shortly after he left the military, described a fraught romantic life. “I think the longest relationship I ever had was two months, so it was very difficult.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During his deployment, he remembers he had to be on guard for fear of revealing his identity as a gay man. But in the years since, Dubpernell said that other Vietnam veterans have been accepting of his sexual orientation. “It was a non-issue, as long as you did your job,” he said. “And I did.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although his return trips offered Dubpernell a chance to make amends and connect with a new generation of Vietnamese children, they were bittersweet. During his visits to Da Nang, Dubpernell said, he repressed the feelings that came back to him until he got home, just like he had during the war.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In Vietnam, you had a job to do and you couldn't allow your emotions to get in the way,” he said. “When I was doing my Santa thing I couldn't allow my emotions to get in the way, because I had a job to do: playing Santa Claus.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED's Peter Arcuni contributed to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"John Dubpernell tried to put the Vietnam War behind him. But to move forward, he found he had to go back.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1506733996,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":27,"wordCount":1255},"headData":{"title":"The Vietnam Vet Who Returned (as Santa Claus) | KQED","description":"John Dubpernell tried to put the Vietnam War behind him. But to move forward, he found he had to go back.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"11619585 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11619585","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/10/01/the-vietnam-vet-who-returned-as-santa-claus/","disqusTitle":"The Vietnam Vet Who Returned (as Santa Claus)","path":"/news/11619585/the-vietnam-vet-who-returned-as-santa-claus","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>This story is part of a series called \"Faces of the Vietnam War.\" KQED recently asked our audience to submit their stories about the Vietnam War. We heard from refugees, military veterans, journalists, activists and more. This story is about San Francisco resident John Dubpernell, 67, who served in the U.S. Army during the war.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anniversaries can be important for veterans. “For me, it’s March 5,” said veteran John Dubpernell. On that date in 1971, he was a door gunner serving in Vietnam with the 282nd Assault Helicopter Company, which was providing air support for the South Vietnamese army during an operation called Lam Son 719. “Vietnam’s version of D-Day” is what he calls it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. military deployed many helicopters during the massive campaign, including Dubpernell’s Huey. One day, while his aircraft was returning from a dangerous mission, a mayday call came over the radio. Dubpernell, who was sitting in the left doorway, looked out over the far side of the gunship and said he saw another helicopter going down in flames.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now on high alert, his helicopter began taking fire. “I don’t know whether I hear or feel the aircraft taking hits,” he recalled. “So I immediately started firing below.” After they got clear of the area, Dubpernell said he noticed that his seat, which had been modified to include an armor plate by a previous crew member, had stopped an AK-47 bullet. “That saved my life,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11619601\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-11619601\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/00186_p_11afcgqrw30067_z-1020x670.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"420\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/00186_p_11afcgqrw30067_z-1020x670.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/00186_p_11afcgqrw30067_z-160x105.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/00186_p_11afcgqrw30067_z-800x525.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/00186_p_11afcgqrw30067_z-1920x1260.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/00186_p_11afcgqrw30067_z-1180x775.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/00186_p_11afcgqrw30067_z-960x630.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/00186_p_11afcgqrw30067_z-240x158.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/00186_p_11afcgqrw30067_z-375x246.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/00186_p_11afcgqrw30067_z-520x341.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bullet holes in John Dubpernell's helicopter after a firefight on March 5, 1971 \u003ccite>(Courtesy John Dubpernell)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Lam Son 719 was one of the bloodiest battles in the war, and Army helicopter crews \u003ca href=\"http://www.businessinsider.com/uncovering-the-story-of-one-of-the-vietnam-wars-bloodiest-battles-2015-1\">suffered heavy losses\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For decades, Dubpernell avoided the anniversary of the day when he was nearly killed. “When I came home in December of 1971, I put a weld around the door that was that part of my life,” he told KQED. It was only much later, in the late '90s, that he would revisit his time in Vietnam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dubpernell had been drafted into the Army in June 1970 and served on UH-1 Huey gunships, which he calls “the Jeep of the sky.” He was stationed in Da Nang, a city on Vietnam's central coast, and quickly rose through the enlisted ranks to become a crew chief -- a job that made him responsible for the whole helicopter, including its maintenance, fueling and more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To this day, Dubpernell still holds the fellowship of being on a combat flight crew in high esteem. “There's that unspoken aspect of camaraderie,” he said. “In civilian life, you'll never experience it.” But his combat experience left him traumatized and disenchanted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The urge to put Vietnam behind him began soon after Dubpernell returned home. Revelations about the government’s dishonest handling of the war only deepened his desire to forget his experiences, he said. “I read Daniel Ellsberg's 'Pentagon Papers' and that's when it really cemented my feelings about Vietnam -- really putting a weld around the door and wanting to forget the whole thing,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">'I just had this compelling desire to go back to Vietnam. And in my heart, I wanted to correct all of the wrongs that were done.'\u003ccite>John Dubpernell\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>When he was 41, Dubpernell got laid off from his job as a production coordinator for a San Francisco-based printer and began searching for meaning in life. He ended up reading \"When Heaven and Earth Changed Places,\" a memoir by Vietnamese-American author Le Ly Hayslip about her experience of the war as a child. In it, he learned that Hayslip had founded a nonprofit called East Meets West, which provides support for a government-run orphanage in Da Nang.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dubpernell decided to visit the orphanage, called Village of Hope, in December 1998. “I just had this compelling desire to go back to Vietnam. And in my heart, I wanted to correct all of the wrongs that were done,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Dubpernell was visiting the East Meets West offices in Da Nang, the staff told him they were planning to celebrate Christmas with the kids in the orphanage and invited him along.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We're even going to have a Santa Claus,” he remembers them saying. Back at his hotel, Dubpernell thought about the celebration and came to a decision: “I'm saying to myself: I want to be that Santa Claus. I've got the moustache.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11619603\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-11619603\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS26580_20170912_VietnamStories_JohnDubpernell_Credit_BertJohnson-3-qut-1020x680.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS26580_20170912_VietnamStories_JohnDubpernell_Credit_BertJohnson-3-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS26580_20170912_VietnamStories_JohnDubpernell_Credit_BertJohnson-3-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS26580_20170912_VietnamStories_JohnDubpernell_Credit_BertJohnson-3-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS26580_20170912_VietnamStories_JohnDubpernell_Credit_BertJohnson-3-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS26580_20170912_VietnamStories_JohnDubpernell_Credit_BertJohnson-3-qut-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS26580_20170912_VietnamStories_JohnDubpernell_Credit_BertJohnson-3-qut-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS26580_20170912_VietnamStories_JohnDubpernell_Credit_BertJohnson-3-qut-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS26580_20170912_VietnamStories_JohnDubpernell_Credit_BertJohnson-3-qut-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS26580_20170912_VietnamStories_JohnDubpernell_Credit_BertJohnson-3-qut-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">John Dubpernell shows photos from his visits to Village of Hope, an orphanage in Da Nang, Vietnam. He has gone back three times to play Santa Claus and distribute gifts to the children who live there. \u003ccite>(Bert Johnson/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The staff agreed and Dubpernell, dressed as St. Nicholas, shared dinner and gifts with the children at Village of Hope. The experience was so gratifying that he went back. “I have done three trips, each time going back in December and playing Santa Claus in Da Nang,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Following that first visit, Dubpernell started experiencing severe symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In the decades following his deployment, he'd struggled with anger issues, but his return to Da Nang set off a new series of reactions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was a basket case in terms of crying,” he told KQED. “I was drinking heavily.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some friends, fellow combat veterans, grew concerned when they recognized his symptoms and urged him to seek help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dubpernell followed their advice and enrolled in a mental health program at the VA’s San Francisco medical center in 1999.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once he was diagnosed with PTSD, Dubpernell committed himself to treatment and still attends group therapy three times a week. “All those years I invested in my PTSD therapies, it pays off,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11619611\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-11619611\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/Dubpernell-edit-1020x662.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"415\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/Dubpernell-edit-1020x662.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/Dubpernell-edit-160x104.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/Dubpernell-edit-800x519.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/Dubpernell-edit-1180x766.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/Dubpernell-edit-960x623.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/Dubpernell-edit-240x156.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/Dubpernell-edit-375x243.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/Dubpernell-edit-520x338.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/Dubpernell-edit.jpg 1819w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">John Dubpernell photographed early in his deployment to Vietnam. \u003ccite>(Courtesy John Dubpernell)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The trauma Dubpernell experienced has affected his life in other ways, too. “Like other people dealing with PTSD, relationships are a real challenge,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dubpernell, who came out as gay shortly after he left the military, described a fraught romantic life. “I think the longest relationship I ever had was two months, so it was very difficult.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During his deployment, he remembers he had to be on guard for fear of revealing his identity as a gay man. But in the years since, Dubpernell said that other Vietnam veterans have been accepting of his sexual orientation. “It was a non-issue, as long as you did your job,” he said. “And I did.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although his return trips offered Dubpernell a chance to make amends and connect with a new generation of Vietnamese children, they were bittersweet. During his visits to Da Nang, Dubpernell said, he repressed the feelings that came back to him until he got home, just like he had during the war.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In Vietnam, you had a job to do and you couldn't allow your emotions to get in the way,” he said. “When I was doing my Santa thing I couldn't allow my emotions to get in the way, because I had a job to do: playing Santa Claus.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED's Peter Arcuni contributed to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11619585/the-vietnam-vet-who-returned-as-santa-claus","authors":["11328"],"programs":["news_6944","news_72"],"categories":["news_223","news_8"],"tags":["news_19133","news_1416","news_2139","news_17286","news_237","news_21633","news_5067"],"featImg":"news_11619586","label":"news_72"},"news_11617827":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11617827","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11617827","score":null,"sort":[1505977848000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"this-vietnam-paratrooper-was-exposed-to-agent-orange-today-he-lives-with-parkinsons","title":"This Vietnam Paratrooper Was Exposed to Agent Orange - Today He Lives With Parkinson's","publishDate":1505977848,"format":"image","headTitle":"The California Report | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":72,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>Michael Buckley was 19 years old when he joined the Army. It was the early 1960s, and U.S. involvement in Vietnam had yet to escalate to full-blown ground war. But the draft was in effect, and Buckley wanted his choice of assignments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than that, he craved a life of adventure, and saw the Army as his chance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I wanted to be a paratrooper and jump out of airplanes and be a tough guy -- jump all over the world and do that kind of thing,” said Buckley, who grew up in Glendale in Southern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[audio src=\"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/tcr/2017/09/20170921tcrbuckleyvietnam.mp3\" Image=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS26584_20170912_VietnamStories_MichaelBuckley_MaryHelm_Credit_BertJohnson-3-qut.jpg\" Title=\"This Vietnam Paratrooper \u003cbr> Was Exposed to Agent Orange - \u003cbr> Today He Lives With Parkinson's\" program=\"The California Report\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just a few years later, he was assigned to the first regimental combat team in Vietnam, the 101st Airborne Division, or the Screaming Eagles, as they were known. The Eagles have roots dating back to World War II, and are often the first troops to penetrate enemy territory, securing key terrain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Buckley says he never would have joined up if he had known the war was coming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11617870\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11617870\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/Jump-school-Graduation-photo-2-Morgan-Russell-800x1219.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"762\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/Jump-school-Graduation-photo-2-Morgan-Russell-800x1219.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/Jump-school-Graduation-photo-2-Morgan-Russell-160x244.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/Jump-school-Graduation-photo-2-Morgan-Russell-1020x1554.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/Jump-school-Graduation-photo-2-Morgan-Russell-1920x2925.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/Jump-school-Graduation-photo-2-Morgan-Russell-1180x1798.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/Jump-school-Graduation-photo-2-Morgan-Russell-960x1462.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/Jump-school-Graduation-photo-2-Morgan-Russell-240x366.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/Jump-school-Graduation-photo-2-Morgan-Russell-375x571.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/Jump-school-Graduation-photo-2-Morgan-Russell-520x792.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Michael Buckley's graduation photo after completing jump school. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Morgan Russell.)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"I didn't want to kill people. I wasn't interested in being a bad guy at all,\" he said. Back home, Buckley had a wife, small child and another on the way to think about.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Vietnam, the thrill of jumping out of airplanes -- which Buckley had thought was \"better than surfing\" -- lost its luster. “I realized: Hey, I could get hurt here, I could really get hurt here, I could die.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his roughly seven months of combat, Buckley witnessed fellow jumpers smash into the ground after their chutes malfunctioned, bullets whizzing past his head and soldiers who had become like family, killed in front of his eyes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Hell\" is the word he uses to describe the experience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A case of appendicitis and secondary bout with dengue fever ended Buckley's tour in Vietnam. The soldier who replaced Buckley in his unit died in combat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After returning home, Buckley attended the University of Southern California, and eventually spoke out against the war.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I saw what war could do to people and I didn't want to be a part of that,\" he said. Instead, Buckley decided he wanted to spend his time helping other people. He became a school counselor and family therapist.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'War is terrible for everybody, for people who were in it, for people who are around it, the atmosphere.'\u003ccite>Michael Buckley\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Of his time in Vietnam, Buckley, now 72, said, “I don't think about it very much. I try not to. And when I do think about it, I'm so thankful that I got out of there. I'm thankful to be alive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While he considers himself one of the lucky ones, the effects of Vietnam haunt Buckley’s civilian life. He suffers from PTSD, and the psychological trauma contributed to the dissolution of his first marriage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several years after the war, when Buckley was in his early 60s, he began to have trouble walking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I was athletic, but all of a sudden I couldn't walk appropriately,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Buckley was subsequently diagnosed with Parkinson's disease. His doctors believe his condition is linked to his exposure to Agent Orange, an herbicide used by the U.S. in Vietnam to destroy jungle foliage and the food supply of guerrilla fighters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/programs/vietnamwar/\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-13808862\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/09/TheVietnamWar_web_banners-1180x177-Ver_2-e1505759581455.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"401\" height=\"401\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was in the jungle and they were spraying. I thought it looked like crop dusters. And I realized later that it was Agent Orange. Much later,” Buckley said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The effects of Agent Orange can take years to show up. While scientists still don’t know the exact mechanisms of how it acts, exposure has been implicated in the progression of several diseases, including a number of cancers, Parkinson’s, heart disease and diabetes, which Buckley also has.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1991, Congress passed the Agent Orange Act, providing disability compensation and medical care to veterans of Vietnam and Korea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Following his retirement in 2012, Buckley suffered a bicycle accident that caused his condition to further deteriorate. Earlier this year, he moved to an assisted living home at the San Francisco VA Medical Center. Buckley says he receives top-notch medical care and has plenty of activities to keep him busy. He is particularly fond of gardening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is a community of veterans here,” Buckley said. “I know a number of them, and we all feel like we're well taken care of.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11617875\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-11617875\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS26585_20170912_VietnamStories_MichaelBuckley_MaryHelm_Credit_BertJohnson-4-qut-1020x680.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS26585_20170912_VietnamStories_MichaelBuckley_MaryHelm_Credit_BertJohnson-4-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS26585_20170912_VietnamStories_MichaelBuckley_MaryHelm_Credit_BertJohnson-4-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS26585_20170912_VietnamStories_MichaelBuckley_MaryHelm_Credit_BertJohnson-4-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS26585_20170912_VietnamStories_MichaelBuckley_MaryHelm_Credit_BertJohnson-4-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS26585_20170912_VietnamStories_MichaelBuckley_MaryHelm_Credit_BertJohnson-4-qut-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS26585_20170912_VietnamStories_MichaelBuckley_MaryHelm_Credit_BertJohnson-4-qut-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS26585_20170912_VietnamStories_MichaelBuckley_MaryHelm_Credit_BertJohnson-4-qut-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS26585_20170912_VietnamStories_MichaelBuckley_MaryHelm_Credit_BertJohnson-4-qut-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS26585_20170912_VietnamStories_MichaelBuckley_MaryHelm_Credit_BertJohnson-4-qut-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Michael Buckley and his wife, Mary Helm. She drives from Santa Rosa two or three times a week to visit him at the VA care facility where he lives in San Francisco. \u003ccite>(Bert Johnson/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Buckley's wife of 22 years, a licensed therapist named Mary Helm, calls him every day and visits two or three times a week. Helm says there are times when her husband tells her he feels like he's still at war.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The effects of what he experienced has had a major impact on our life together,\" Helm said. \"We've had to work hard at our relationship to get this far.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Buckley says he wants people to see how far the reach of war goes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“War is terrible for everybody, for people who were in it, for people who are around it, the atmosphere,” he said. “And I think the United States is so warmongering. It makes me sick. It makes me sad.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story is part of a series called “Faces of the Vietnam War.” Last month, KQED asked our audience to submit their stories about the Vietnam War. We heard from refugees, military veterans, journalists, activists and more.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED's Bert Johnson contributed to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Seeking adventure, Michael Buckley became a paratrooper early in the war. He now suffers from PTSD, Parkinson's and effects of Agent Orange exposure — but he says he's one of the lucky ones.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1506040178,"stats":{"hasAudio":true,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":31,"wordCount":1012},"headData":{"title":"This Vietnam Paratrooper Was Exposed to Agent Orange - Today He Lives With Parkinson's | KQED","description":"Seeking adventure, Michael Buckley became a paratrooper early in the war. He now suffers from PTSD, Parkinson's and effects of Agent Orange exposure — but he says he's one of the lucky ones.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"11617827 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11617827","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/09/21/this-vietnam-paratrooper-was-exposed-to-agent-orange-today-he-lives-with-parkinsons/","disqusTitle":"This Vietnam Paratrooper Was Exposed to Agent Orange - Today He Lives With Parkinson's","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/tcr/2017/09/20170921tcrbuckleyvietnam.mp3","path":"/news/11617827/this-vietnam-paratrooper-was-exposed-to-agent-orange-today-he-lives-with-parkinsons","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Michael Buckley was 19 years old when he joined the Army. It was the early 1960s, and U.S. involvement in Vietnam had yet to escalate to full-blown ground war. But the draft was in effect, and Buckley wanted his choice of assignments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than that, he craved a life of adventure, and saw the Army as his chance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I wanted to be a paratrooper and jump out of airplanes and be a tough guy -- jump all over the world and do that kind of thing,” said Buckley, who grew up in Glendale in Southern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"audio","attributes":{"named":{"src":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/tcr/2017/09/20170921tcrbuckleyvietnam.mp3","image":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS26584_20170912_VietnamStories_MichaelBuckley_MaryHelm_Credit_BertJohnson-3-qut.jpg","title":"This Vietnam Paratrooper \u003cbr> Was Exposed to Agent Orange - \u003cbr> Today He Lives With Parkinson's","program":"The California Report","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just a few years later, he was assigned to the first regimental combat team in Vietnam, the 101st Airborne Division, or the Screaming Eagles, as they were known. The Eagles have roots dating back to World War II, and are often the first troops to penetrate enemy territory, securing key terrain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Buckley says he never would have joined up if he had known the war was coming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11617870\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11617870\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/Jump-school-Graduation-photo-2-Morgan-Russell-800x1219.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"762\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/Jump-school-Graduation-photo-2-Morgan-Russell-800x1219.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/Jump-school-Graduation-photo-2-Morgan-Russell-160x244.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/Jump-school-Graduation-photo-2-Morgan-Russell-1020x1554.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/Jump-school-Graduation-photo-2-Morgan-Russell-1920x2925.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/Jump-school-Graduation-photo-2-Morgan-Russell-1180x1798.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/Jump-school-Graduation-photo-2-Morgan-Russell-960x1462.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/Jump-school-Graduation-photo-2-Morgan-Russell-240x366.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/Jump-school-Graduation-photo-2-Morgan-Russell-375x571.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/Jump-school-Graduation-photo-2-Morgan-Russell-520x792.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Michael Buckley's graduation photo after completing jump school. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Morgan Russell.)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"I didn't want to kill people. I wasn't interested in being a bad guy at all,\" he said. Back home, Buckley had a wife, small child and another on the way to think about.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Vietnam, the thrill of jumping out of airplanes -- which Buckley had thought was \"better than surfing\" -- lost its luster. “I realized: Hey, I could get hurt here, I could really get hurt here, I could die.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his roughly seven months of combat, Buckley witnessed fellow jumpers smash into the ground after their chutes malfunctioned, bullets whizzing past his head and soldiers who had become like family, killed in front of his eyes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Hell\" is the word he uses to describe the experience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A case of appendicitis and secondary bout with dengue fever ended Buckley's tour in Vietnam. The soldier who replaced Buckley in his unit died in combat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After returning home, Buckley attended the University of Southern California, and eventually spoke out against the war.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I saw what war could do to people and I didn't want to be a part of that,\" he said. Instead, Buckley decided he wanted to spend his time helping other people. He became a school counselor and family therapist.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'War is terrible for everybody, for people who were in it, for people who are around it, the atmosphere.'\u003ccite>Michael Buckley\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Of his time in Vietnam, Buckley, now 72, said, “I don't think about it very much. I try not to. And when I do think about it, I'm so thankful that I got out of there. I'm thankful to be alive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While he considers himself one of the lucky ones, the effects of Vietnam haunt Buckley’s civilian life. He suffers from PTSD, and the psychological trauma contributed to the dissolution of his first marriage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several years after the war, when Buckley was in his early 60s, he began to have trouble walking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I was athletic, but all of a sudden I couldn't walk appropriately,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Buckley was subsequently diagnosed with Parkinson's disease. His doctors believe his condition is linked to his exposure to Agent Orange, an herbicide used by the U.S. in Vietnam to destroy jungle foliage and the food supply of guerrilla fighters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/programs/vietnamwar/\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-13808862\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/09/TheVietnamWar_web_banners-1180x177-Ver_2-e1505759581455.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"401\" height=\"401\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was in the jungle and they were spraying. I thought it looked like crop dusters. And I realized later that it was Agent Orange. Much later,” Buckley said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The effects of Agent Orange can take years to show up. While scientists still don’t know the exact mechanisms of how it acts, exposure has been implicated in the progression of several diseases, including a number of cancers, Parkinson’s, heart disease and diabetes, which Buckley also has.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1991, Congress passed the Agent Orange Act, providing disability compensation and medical care to veterans of Vietnam and Korea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Following his retirement in 2012, Buckley suffered a bicycle accident that caused his condition to further deteriorate. Earlier this year, he moved to an assisted living home at the San Francisco VA Medical Center. Buckley says he receives top-notch medical care and has plenty of activities to keep him busy. He is particularly fond of gardening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is a community of veterans here,” Buckley said. “I know a number of them, and we all feel like we're well taken care of.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11617875\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-11617875\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS26585_20170912_VietnamStories_MichaelBuckley_MaryHelm_Credit_BertJohnson-4-qut-1020x680.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS26585_20170912_VietnamStories_MichaelBuckley_MaryHelm_Credit_BertJohnson-4-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS26585_20170912_VietnamStories_MichaelBuckley_MaryHelm_Credit_BertJohnson-4-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS26585_20170912_VietnamStories_MichaelBuckley_MaryHelm_Credit_BertJohnson-4-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS26585_20170912_VietnamStories_MichaelBuckley_MaryHelm_Credit_BertJohnson-4-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS26585_20170912_VietnamStories_MichaelBuckley_MaryHelm_Credit_BertJohnson-4-qut-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS26585_20170912_VietnamStories_MichaelBuckley_MaryHelm_Credit_BertJohnson-4-qut-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS26585_20170912_VietnamStories_MichaelBuckley_MaryHelm_Credit_BertJohnson-4-qut-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS26585_20170912_VietnamStories_MichaelBuckley_MaryHelm_Credit_BertJohnson-4-qut-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS26585_20170912_VietnamStories_MichaelBuckley_MaryHelm_Credit_BertJohnson-4-qut-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Michael Buckley and his wife, Mary Helm. She drives from Santa Rosa two or three times a week to visit him at the VA care facility where he lives in San Francisco. \u003ccite>(Bert Johnson/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Buckley's wife of 22 years, a licensed therapist named Mary Helm, calls him every day and visits two or three times a week. Helm says there are times when her husband tells her he feels like he's still at war.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The effects of what he experienced has had a major impact on our life together,\" Helm said. \"We've had to work hard at our relationship to get this far.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Buckley says he wants people to see how far the reach of war goes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“War is terrible for everybody, for people who were in it, for people who are around it, the atmosphere,” he said. “And I think the United States is so warmongering. It makes me sick. It makes me sad.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story is part of a series called “Faces of the Vietnam War.” Last month, KQED asked our audience to submit their stories about the Vietnam War. We heard from refugees, military veterans, journalists, activists and more.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED's Bert Johnson contributed to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11617827/this-vietnam-paratrooper-was-exposed-to-agent-orange-today-he-lives-with-parkinsons","authors":["11368"],"programs":["news_6944","news_72"],"categories":["news_223","news_8"],"tags":["news_1416","news_17286","news_17041","news_20498","news_21633","news_5067"],"featImg":"news_11617869","label":"news_72"},"news_138801":{"type":"posts","id":"news_138801","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"138801","score":null,"sort":[1402512862000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"bay-area-veterans-wait-a-month-or-more-for-initial-va-doctors-visits","title":"Bay Area Veterans Wait a Month or More for Initial VA Doctor's Visits","publishDate":1402512862,"format":"aside","headTitle":"News Fix | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":6944,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/06/va-seal.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-thumbnail wp-image-138832\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/06/va-seal-300x300.png\" alt=\"Veterans Affairs-Seal\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.va.gov/health/docs/vaaccessauditfindingsreport.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">An internal audit\u003c/a> by the federal \u003ca href=\"http://www.va.gov/\" target=\"_blank\">Department of Veterans Affairs\u003c/a> shows Bay Area vets are waiting a month or more on average to get their first primary care appointment. That monthlong wait time is on par with the national average, and much better than some regions, where veterans are waiting more than twice that long.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Besides the long wait times, auditors flagged a Livermore clinic as one of 112 sites slated for \"further review.\" A Livermore employee reportedly told auditors that workers there had been instructed to schedule patients in a way not consistent with VA guidelines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>East Bay Democratic Rep. Eric Swalwell represents Livermore and says he's been in touch with the clinic's staff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're kind of in a wait-and-see posture as to what's occurring there,\" Swalwell said Tuesday. \"But I can just say that from our experience with our 250 veterans cases that we have in our office, we do not have a single open case that relates to a veteran having a prolonged wait time.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Swalwell said he's signed onto several bills that would upgrade the VA's outdated scheduling system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Geoff Millard, an Iraq War vet who works for the veterans rights group \u003ca href=\"http://www.swords-to-plowshares.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Swords to Plowshares\u003c/a>, says the problem in the Bay Area isn't the medical care — it's getting approved for that care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Most of my friends are combat vets, and very few had an easy time getting their benefits,\" Millard said. \"And the ones that did have an easy time sought the help from the beginning of the process. Because the process isn't just simply, 'Oh fill out the online application, that's it.' No, you have to supply medical documentation, show causation. There's a lot more to it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Millard says the VA should make the process simpler and apply benefits more widely among members of the armed services, which he thinks would help alleviate a lot of the department's bureaucratic problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.va.gov/health/docs/VAMCPatientAccessData06092014.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">According to the new VA statistics\u003c/a>, based on data collected in mid-May, veterans in the San Francisco system wait 30 days on average for their first primary care appointment. For veterans in the Palo Alto system, it's 42 days, and for the Northern California system, it's an average of 43 days. Nationwide, new patients' wait times for primary care appointments ranged from 12 days in Bedford, Massachusetts, to 145 days in Honolulu.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Internal Veterans Affairs audit shows that new-patient wait times nationwide range from 12 to 145 days. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1402527109,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":11,"wordCount":418},"headData":{"title":"Bay Area Veterans Wait a Month or More for Initial VA Doctor's Visits | KQED","description":"Internal Veterans Affairs audit shows that new-patient wait times nationwide range from 12 to 145 days. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"138801 http://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=138801","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/06/11/bay-area-veterans-wait-a-month-or-more-for-initial-va-doctors-visits/","disqusTitle":"Bay Area Veterans Wait a Month or More for Initial VA Doctor's Visits","customPermalink":"2014/06/11/veterans-affairs-health-care-wait-times/","path":"/news/138801/bay-area-veterans-wait-a-month-or-more-for-initial-va-doctors-visits","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/06/va-seal.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-thumbnail wp-image-138832\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/06/va-seal-300x300.png\" alt=\"Veterans Affairs-Seal\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.va.gov/health/docs/vaaccessauditfindingsreport.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">An internal audit\u003c/a> by the federal \u003ca href=\"http://www.va.gov/\" target=\"_blank\">Department of Veterans Affairs\u003c/a> shows Bay Area vets are waiting a month or more on average to get their first primary care appointment. That monthlong wait time is on par with the national average, and much better than some regions, where veterans are waiting more than twice that long.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Besides the long wait times, auditors flagged a Livermore clinic as one of 112 sites slated for \"further review.\" A Livermore employee reportedly told auditors that workers there had been instructed to schedule patients in a way not consistent with VA guidelines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>East Bay Democratic Rep. Eric Swalwell represents Livermore and says he's been in touch with the clinic's staff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're kind of in a wait-and-see posture as to what's occurring there,\" Swalwell said Tuesday. \"But I can just say that from our experience with our 250 veterans cases that we have in our office, we do not have a single open case that relates to a veteran having a prolonged wait time.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Swalwell said he's signed onto several bills that would upgrade the VA's outdated scheduling system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Geoff Millard, an Iraq War vet who works for the veterans rights group \u003ca href=\"http://www.swords-to-plowshares.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Swords to Plowshares\u003c/a>, says the problem in the Bay Area isn't the medical care — it's getting approved for that care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Most of my friends are combat vets, and very few had an easy time getting their benefits,\" Millard said. \"And the ones that did have an easy time sought the help from the beginning of the process. Because the process isn't just simply, 'Oh fill out the online application, that's it.' No, you have to supply medical documentation, show causation. There's a lot more to it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Millard says the VA should make the process simpler and apply benefits more widely among members of the armed services, which he thinks would help alleviate a lot of the department's bureaucratic problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.va.gov/health/docs/VAMCPatientAccessData06092014.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">According to the new VA statistics\u003c/a>, based on data collected in mid-May, veterans in the San Francisco system wait 30 days on average for their first primary care appointment. For veterans in the Palo Alto system, it's 42 days, and for the Northern California system, it's an average of 43 days. Nationwide, new patients' wait times for primary care appointments ranged from 12 days in Bedford, Massachusetts, to 145 days in Honolulu.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/138801/bay-area-veterans-wait-a-month-or-more-for-initial-va-doctors-visits","authors":["229"],"programs":["news_6944"],"categories":["news_8","news_13"],"tags":["news_1416","news_237"],"featImg":"news_138832","label":"news_6944"},"news_131442":{"type":"posts","id":"news_131442","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"131442","score":null,"sort":[1396530017000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"fifty-nine-california-veterans-died-while-in-government-care","title":"VA Pays $200 Million For 1,000 Wrongful Deaths","publishDate":1396530017,"format":"aside","headTitle":"News Fix | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":6944,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Aaron Glantz\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://cironline.org/\" target=\"_blank\">The Center for Investigative Reporting\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_131446\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/04/opiates_hospital.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-131446\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/04/opiates_hospital-640x365.jpg\" alt=\"In the decade after 9/11, the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs paid more than $200 million to nearly 1,000 families in wrongful death cases, including eight deaths that occurred at this VA hospital in Roseburg, Oregon. (Adithya Sambamurthy/CIR)\" width=\"640\" height=\"365\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In the decade after 9/11, the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs paid more than $200 million to nearly 1,000 families in wrongful death cases, including eight deaths that occurred at this VA hospital in Roseburg, Ore. (Adithya Sambamurthy/CIR)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>An Iraq War veteran with post-traumatic stress disorder and a history of drug dependency is found dead on the floor of his room at the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs hospital in West Los Angeles after doctors give him a 30-day supply of the anti-anxiety medication alprazolam and a 15-day supply of methadone. At the VA in San Diego, an intern fails to remove a central-line catheter in a hospitalized veteran, causing his immediate death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In San Francisco, a Vietnam veteran is admitted to the VA with a special notation that he is prone to falling. Hospital staff regularly leave him unattended, and the veteran falls five times over two weeks, injuring his head, finger, ribs and left knee. After each fall, VA doctors prescribe escalating doses of narcotic painkillers until he overdoses and is moved to hospice care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These are some of the deaths that resulted in more than $200 million in wrongful death payments by the Department of Veterans Affairs in the decade after 9/11, according to VA data obtained by The Center for Investigative Reporting.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“It wasn't about the money, I just thought somebody should be held accountable.”\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In that time, CIR found the agency made wrongful death payments to nearly 1,000 grieving families, including 59 in California, ranging from decorated Iraq War veterans who shot or hanged themselves after being turned away from mental health treatment, to Vietnam veterans whose cancerous tumors were identified but allowed to grow, to missed diagnoses, botched surgeries and fatal neglect of elderly veterans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It wasn’t about the money. I just thought somebody should be held accountable,” said 86-year-old Doris Street, who received a $135,000 settlement in 2010 as compensation for the 2008 death of her brother, Carl Glaze. The median payment in VA wrongful death cases was $150,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Glaze, a World War II veteran, became paralyzed from the neck down when he fell in the bathroom two days after being admitted to a VA nursing home in Grand Island, Neb. He died nine days later at age 84.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I had asked them not to leave him alone, and then they left him in the bathroom,” she said. “We all get upset when these things happen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a written response to questions, agency spokeswoman Victoria Dillon said that while “any adverse incident for a veteran within our care is one too many,” the wrongful deaths identified by CIR represented a small fraction of the more than 6 million veterans who seek care from the agency every year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency, Dillon said, is “committed to continuous improvement.” When a death occurs, “we conduct a thorough review to understand what happened, prevent similar incidents in the future, and share lessons learned across the system,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The revelations come as the department faces intense scrutiny from members of Congress over the number of preventable deaths at VA facilities. The House Committee on Veterans’ Affairs has scheduled a hearing on preventable deaths for April 9.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"http://wrongful-deaths.s3-website-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\" width=\"640\" height=\"550\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In September, the committee held a hearing to examine patient deaths at VA hospitals in Pittsburgh, Atlanta, Dallas and Jackson, Miss.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the hearing, lawmakers accused the agency of failing to discipline officials responsible for unnecessary deaths, pointing out that it has instead provided performance bonuses to these executives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, after an outbreak of Legionnaires’ disease at the agency’s hospital in Pittsburgh left six veterans dead and at least 21 ill, the VA regional director, Michael Moreland, received a nearly $63,000 bonus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A five-page performance evaluation, which led to the bonus, made no mention of the outbreak, which began in 2011. After receiving the bonus, Moreland retired.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not enough for VA to simply compensate the families of those who died,” said Rep. Jeff Miller, R-Fla., chairman of the House Committee on Veterans’ Affairs. “In order to provide real closure for those struck by these heartbreaking preventable deaths, VA needs to hold fully accountable the employees who allowed patients to slip through the cracks.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a budget hearing March 13, lawmakers pressed Secretary of Veterans Affairs Eric Shinseki to provide examples of agency staff who had been disciplined after medical errors resulted in a veteran’s death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shinseki responded more generally, saying 6,000 VA employees had been “involuntarily removed” over the past two years, including six senior managers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Independent legal analysts say the nearly 1,000 wrongful death payments in the decade after 9/11 represent a small percentage of the veterans who have died because of malpractice by the Department of Veterans Affairs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike the private sector, where survivors can file cases in state and federal court and often win large punitive damages, families of patients who die under VA care must exhaust a monthslong administrative review process before filing a lawsuit. Even if they succeed, families can win only actual and not punitive damages from the federal government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, lawyers are reluctant to take cases, and many families never file – or see a dime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The VA fights every case tooth and nail, and so cases drag on for years,” said Cristobal Bonifaz, a Massachusetts attorney who in 2009 won a $350,000 settlement for the parents of Marine Lance Cpl. Jeffrey Lucey. Lucey was 23 when he hanged himself with a garden hose in his parents’ basement after being turned away from psychiatric care at the VA in Northampton, Mass. The payout came five years after his death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among Bonifaz’s current clients is Tracy Eiswert, who had moved into her car with her two young children after her husband, 31-year-old Iraq War veteran Scott Eiswert, shot himself in the head in 2008. The Nashville, Tenn., VA had denied his disability claim for post-traumatic stress disorder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three months after his death, the VA reversed itself, saying it was “clearly and unmistakably in error” for failing to grant Scott Eiswert’s disability claim, and the agency began sending Tracy Eiswert survivor benefits checks of $1,195 a month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the reversal, Tracy Eiswert decided to press ahead with a wrongful death lawsuit against the VA, in part because of the toll her husband’s suicide took on their children. “We’re still living with it today,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The VA declined to comment on Scott Eiswert’s death. In court, the VA has defended itself on a legal technicality, arguing that Tennessee law supersedes federal law in the case and that the Eiswert family failed to follow procedures prescribed in the state statute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Filed in 2010, the case is still pending.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>CIR intern Nicholas B. Hirsch contributed to this story. It was edited by Amy Pyle, copy edited by Sheela Kamath and Nikki Frick, and produced by The Center for Investigative Reporting, an award-winning, nonprofit newsroom in the San Francisco Bay Area. For more, visit cironline.org/veterans. Glantz can be reached at aglantz@cironline.org, and follow him on Twitter at @Aaron_Glantz.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"In the decade after 9/11, the VA made wrongful death payments for nearly 1,000 U.S. vets, including 59 in California.\r\n","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1396541005,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":31,"wordCount":1256},"headData":{"title":"VA Pays $200 Million For 1,000 Wrongful Deaths | KQED","description":"In the decade after 9/11, the VA made wrongful death payments for nearly 1,000 U.S. vets, including 59 in California.\r\n","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"131442 http://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=131442","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/04/03/fifty-nine-california-veterans-died-while-in-government-care/","disqusTitle":"VA Pays $200 Million For 1,000 Wrongful Deaths","customPermalink":"2014/04/02/VA-veteran-wrongful-death-payments/","path":"/news/131442/fifty-nine-california-veterans-died-while-in-government-care","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Aaron Glantz\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://cironline.org/\" target=\"_blank\">The Center for Investigative Reporting\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_131446\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/04/opiates_hospital.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-131446\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/04/opiates_hospital-640x365.jpg\" alt=\"In the decade after 9/11, the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs paid more than $200 million to nearly 1,000 families in wrongful death cases, including eight deaths that occurred at this VA hospital in Roseburg, Oregon. (Adithya Sambamurthy/CIR)\" width=\"640\" height=\"365\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In the decade after 9/11, the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs paid more than $200 million to nearly 1,000 families in wrongful death cases, including eight deaths that occurred at this VA hospital in Roseburg, Ore. (Adithya Sambamurthy/CIR)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>An Iraq War veteran with post-traumatic stress disorder and a history of drug dependency is found dead on the floor of his room at the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs hospital in West Los Angeles after doctors give him a 30-day supply of the anti-anxiety medication alprazolam and a 15-day supply of methadone. At the VA in San Diego, an intern fails to remove a central-line catheter in a hospitalized veteran, causing his immediate death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In San Francisco, a Vietnam veteran is admitted to the VA with a special notation that he is prone to falling. Hospital staff regularly leave him unattended, and the veteran falls five times over two weeks, injuring his head, finger, ribs and left knee. After each fall, VA doctors prescribe escalating doses of narcotic painkillers until he overdoses and is moved to hospice care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These are some of the deaths that resulted in more than $200 million in wrongful death payments by the Department of Veterans Affairs in the decade after 9/11, according to VA data obtained by The Center for Investigative Reporting.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“It wasn't about the money, I just thought somebody should be held accountable.”\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In that time, CIR found the agency made wrongful death payments to nearly 1,000 grieving families, including 59 in California, ranging from decorated Iraq War veterans who shot or hanged themselves after being turned away from mental health treatment, to Vietnam veterans whose cancerous tumors were identified but allowed to grow, to missed diagnoses, botched surgeries and fatal neglect of elderly veterans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It wasn’t about the money. I just thought somebody should be held accountable,” said 86-year-old Doris Street, who received a $135,000 settlement in 2010 as compensation for the 2008 death of her brother, Carl Glaze. The median payment in VA wrongful death cases was $150,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Glaze, a World War II veteran, became paralyzed from the neck down when he fell in the bathroom two days after being admitted to a VA nursing home in Grand Island, Neb. He died nine days later at age 84.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I had asked them not to leave him alone, and then they left him in the bathroom,” she said. “We all get upset when these things happen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a written response to questions, agency spokeswoman Victoria Dillon said that while “any adverse incident for a veteran within our care is one too many,” the wrongful deaths identified by CIR represented a small fraction of the more than 6 million veterans who seek care from the agency every year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency, Dillon said, is “committed to continuous improvement.” When a death occurs, “we conduct a thorough review to understand what happened, prevent similar incidents in the future, and share lessons learned across the system,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The revelations come as the department faces intense scrutiny from members of Congress over the number of preventable deaths at VA facilities. The House Committee on Veterans’ Affairs has scheduled a hearing on preventable deaths for April 9.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"http://wrongful-deaths.s3-website-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\" width=\"640\" height=\"550\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In September, the committee held a hearing to examine patient deaths at VA hospitals in Pittsburgh, Atlanta, Dallas and Jackson, Miss.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the hearing, lawmakers accused the agency of failing to discipline officials responsible for unnecessary deaths, pointing out that it has instead provided performance bonuses to these executives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, after an outbreak of Legionnaires’ disease at the agency’s hospital in Pittsburgh left six veterans dead and at least 21 ill, the VA regional director, Michael Moreland, received a nearly $63,000 bonus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A five-page performance evaluation, which led to the bonus, made no mention of the outbreak, which began in 2011. After receiving the bonus, Moreland retired.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not enough for VA to simply compensate the families of those who died,” said Rep. Jeff Miller, R-Fla., chairman of the House Committee on Veterans’ Affairs. “In order to provide real closure for those struck by these heartbreaking preventable deaths, VA needs to hold fully accountable the employees who allowed patients to slip through the cracks.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a budget hearing March 13, lawmakers pressed Secretary of Veterans Affairs Eric Shinseki to provide examples of agency staff who had been disciplined after medical errors resulted in a veteran’s death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shinseki responded more generally, saying 6,000 VA employees had been “involuntarily removed” over the past two years, including six senior managers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Independent legal analysts say the nearly 1,000 wrongful death payments in the decade after 9/11 represent a small percentage of the veterans who have died because of malpractice by the Department of Veterans Affairs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike the private sector, where survivors can file cases in state and federal court and often win large punitive damages, families of patients who die under VA care must exhaust a monthslong administrative review process before filing a lawsuit. Even if they succeed, families can win only actual and not punitive damages from the federal government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, lawyers are reluctant to take cases, and many families never file – or see a dime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The VA fights every case tooth and nail, and so cases drag on for years,” said Cristobal Bonifaz, a Massachusetts attorney who in 2009 won a $350,000 settlement for the parents of Marine Lance Cpl. Jeffrey Lucey. Lucey was 23 when he hanged himself with a garden hose in his parents’ basement after being turned away from psychiatric care at the VA in Northampton, Mass. The payout came five years after his death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among Bonifaz’s current clients is Tracy Eiswert, who had moved into her car with her two young children after her husband, 31-year-old Iraq War veteran Scott Eiswert, shot himself in the head in 2008. The Nashville, Tenn., VA had denied his disability claim for post-traumatic stress disorder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three months after his death, the VA reversed itself, saying it was “clearly and unmistakably in error” for failing to grant Scott Eiswert’s disability claim, and the agency began sending Tracy Eiswert survivor benefits checks of $1,195 a month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the reversal, Tracy Eiswert decided to press ahead with a wrongful death lawsuit against the VA, in part because of the toll her husband’s suicide took on their children. “We’re still living with it today,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The VA declined to comment on Scott Eiswert’s death. In court, the VA has defended itself on a legal technicality, arguing that Tennessee law supersedes federal law in the case and that the Eiswert family failed to follow procedures prescribed in the state statute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Filed in 2010, the case is still pending.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>CIR intern Nicholas B. Hirsch contributed to this story. It was edited by Amy Pyle, copy edited by Sheela Kamath and Nikki Frick, and produced by The Center for Investigative Reporting, an award-winning, nonprofit newsroom in the San Francisco Bay Area. For more, visit cironline.org/veterans. Glantz can be reached at aglantz@cironline.org, and follow him on Twitter at @Aaron_Glantz.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/131442/fifty-nine-california-veterans-died-while-in-government-care","authors":["236"],"programs":["news_6944"],"categories":["news_6188","news_8"],"tags":["news_1416","news_5982","news_827"],"featImg":"news_131446","label":"news_6944"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? 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