California Community Colleges Losing Millions to Financial Aid Scams
'It's Either Feast or Famine': Why Are Community Colleges Reluctant to Spend State Money?
Community College Professors Allege New Diversity Policies Infringe on Academic Freedom
More Community Colleges in California Are Scrapping Tuition
California Community College Students Face Tough Barriers When Transferring
When California Downsizes Prisons, Incarcerated People Are Shuffled Out of Community College Classes
Study Finds College President Searches Favor White Men, Offers Strategies for Change
'Gut-Wrenching': City College of San Francisco Lays Off 38 Faculty, but More Cuts May Be on the Way
New Study Ties Lowest College Enrollment in 50 Years to Pandemic
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It's not just the community colleges anymore,\" says Doug Shapiro of the National Student Clearinghouse, which on Thursday reported a huge decline in college admissions between 2019 and 2021.","credit":"Getty Images","altTag":"A woman wearing a pink shirt faces a laptop at a desk with other people facing toward a man in the front at a board.","description":null,"imgSizes":{"medium":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/RS9720_479706203-800x533.jpg","width":800,"height":533,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/RS9720_479706203-1020x680.jpg","width":1020,"height":680,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/RS9720_479706203-160x107.jpg","width":160,"height":107,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"1536x1536":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/RS9720_479706203-1536x1024.jpg","width":1536,"height":1024,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"2048x2048":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/RS9720_479706203-2048x1365.jpg","width":2048,"height":1365,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/RS9720_479706203-672x372.jpg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/RS9720_479706203-1038x576.jpg","width":1038,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/RS9720_479706203-1920x1280.jpg","width":1920,"height":1280,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/RS9720_479706203-scaled-e1642106149763.jpg","width":1920,"height":1280}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false}},"audioPlayerReducer":{"postId":"stream_live"},"authorsReducer":{"byline_news_11981524":{"type":"authors","id":"byline_news_11981524","meta":{"override":true},"slug":"byline_news_11981524","name":"Adam Echelman","isLoading":false},"byline_news_11972719":{"type":"authors","id":"byline_news_11972719","meta":{"override":true},"slug":"byline_news_11972719","name":"\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/author/adam-echelman/\">Adam Echelman\u003c/a>","isLoading":false},"byline_news_11966417":{"type":"authors","id":"byline_news_11966417","meta":{"override":true},"slug":"byline_news_11966417","name":"\u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/author/egallegos\">Emma Gallegos\u003c/a>","isLoading":false},"byline_news_11966229":{"type":"authors","id":"byline_news_11966229","meta":{"override":true},"slug":"byline_news_11966229","name":"\u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/california-student-journalism-corps#:~:text=Joshua%20Picazo%20is,online%20campus%20editions.\">Joshua Picazo\u003c/a>\u003cbr>Ed","isLoading":false},"byline_news_11956322":{"type":"authors","id":"byline_news_11956322","meta":{"override":true},"slug":"byline_news_11956322","name":"\u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2023/transferring-from-california-community-colleges-its-a-tough-road-edsource-survey-finds/693791\">Ashley A. 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Joe most recently wrote for the \u003cem>San Francisco Examiner\u003c/em> as a political columnist covering The City. He was raised in San Francisco and has spent his reporting career in his beloved, foggy, city by the bay. Joe was 12-years-old when he conducted his first interview in journalism, grilling former San Francisco Mayor Willie Brown for the Marina Middle School newspaper, \u003cem>The Penguin Press, \u003c/em>and he continues to report on the San Francisco Bay Area to this day.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/2247beb0564c1e9c62228d5649d2edac?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"FitztheReporter","facebook":null,"instagram":"https://www.instagram.com/fitzthereporter/","linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"arts","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"news","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"elections","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"liveblog","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Joe Fitzgerald Rodriguez | KQED","description":"Reporter and Producer","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/2247beb0564c1e9c62228d5649d2edac?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/2247beb0564c1e9c62228d5649d2edac?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/jrodriguez"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"news","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"news_11981524":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11981524","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11981524","score":null,"sort":[1712008846000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"california-community-colleges-losing-millions-to-financial-aid-scams","title":"California Community Colleges Losing Millions to Financial Aid Scams","publishDate":1712008846,"format":"standard","headTitle":"California Community Colleges Losing Millions to Financial Aid Scams | KQED","labelTerm":{"term":18481,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>They’re called “Pell runners” — after enrolling at a community college they apply for a federal Pell grant, collect as much as $7,400, then vanish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since fall 2021, California’s community colleges have given more than $5 million to Pell runners, according to monthly reports they sent to the California Community Colleges Chancellor’s Office. Colleges also report they’ve given nearly $1.5 million in state and local aid to these scammers.[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Valerie Lundy-Wagner, vice chancellor, community college system\"]‘If I saw, for example, that a college that only gets 1,000 applications in some time frame gets 5,000, you kind of know something is probably up.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The chancellor’s office began requiring the state’s 116 community colleges to submit these reports three years ago after fraud cases surged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the time, the office said it suspected \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/higher-education/college-beat/2021/09/california-community-colleges-financial-aid-scam/\">20% of college applicants were fraudulent\u003c/a>. Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, the federal government loosened some restrictions around financial aid, making it easier for students to prove they were eligible, and provided special one-time grants to help keep them enrolled. Once these pandemic-era exceptions ended in 2023 and some classes returned to in-person instruction, college officials said they expected fraud to subside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It hasn’t. In January, the chancellor’s office suspected 25% of college applicants were fraudulent, said Paul Feist, a spokesperson for the office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is getting significantly worse,” said Todd Coston, an associate vice chancellor with the Kern Community College District. He said that last year, “something changed, and all of a sudden, everything spiked like crazy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Online classes that historically don’t fill up were suddenly overwhelmed with students — a sign that many of them might be fake — Coston said. Administrators at other large districts, including the Los Rios Community College District in Sacramento, the Mt. San Antonio Community College District in Walnut, California and the Los Angeles Community College District, told CalMatters that fraudsters are evading each new cybersecurity strategy.[aside postID=\"news_11975534,news_11979072,mindshift_63075\" label=\"Related Stories\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reason for the reported increase in fraud is because the chancellor’s office and college administrators are getting better at detecting it, he said. Since 2022, the state has allocated more than \u003ca href=\"https://lao.ca.gov/Publications/Report/4632#california-community-colleges:~:text=Cybersecurity%20Upgrades%20for,applying%20to%20CCC.\">$125 million for fraud detection\u003c/a>, cybersecurity and other changes in the online application process at community colleges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reports the colleges submitted don’t include how much fraud they prevented.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rise in suspected fraud coincides with years of efforts, both at the state and local level, to increase access to community college. Schools are reducing fees — or making college free — while legislators have worked to simplify and expand financial aid. Those efforts accelerated during the pandemic when \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/higher-education/2023/08/california-community-colleges-2/\">community colleges saw record declines in enrollment.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not surprising, then, that “bad actors” would take advantage of the system’s good intentions, Feist said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Financial aid fraud is not new\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>College officials suspect most of the fake students are bots and often, they display tell-tale signs. In Sacramento, community colleges started seeing an influx of applications from Russia, China, and India during the start of the pandemic. Around the same time, administrators at Mt. San Antonio College saw students using Social Security numbers of retirees. Others had home addresses that were abandoned lots. Uncommon email domains, such as AOL.com, were another red flag.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These scams aren’t new. The federal government has long required colleges to report instances of financial aid fraud. Every year, the federal government closes around \u003ca href=\"https://oig.ed.gov/about/strategic-performances-and-peer-reviews\">40 to 80 cases\u003c/a>, including a recent \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/usao-cdca/pr/three-women-indicted-alleged-scheme-used-prison-inmates-identities-fraudulently-obtain\">conviction of three California women\u003c/a> who stole nearly a million dollars by collecting fraudulent student loans. California community colleges also said they’ve spotted fraudulent applications from people trying to get a .edu email address in order to receive student discounts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the chancellor’s office began requiring community colleges to file monthly reports, it asked for the number of fake applications and the amount of money they gave to fraudsters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CalMatters submitted a public records request for the data, broken down by campus. After the request was initially rejected, CalMatters appealed and received an anonymized copy of all of the monthly reports, lacking individual campus details.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reports show that between September 2021 and January 2024, the colleges received roughly 900,000 fraudulent college applications and gave fraudsters more than $5 million in federal aid, as well as nearly $1.5 million in state and local aid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The numbers show that fraud represents less than 1% of the total amount of financial aid awarded to community college students in the same time period. It’s hard to tell how accurate the data is because compliance is spotty, with some months missing reports from as many as half the colleges.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>More fraud, in more places\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>To understand how fraud is evolving, the chancellor’s office uses several sources of information and data, Feist said. One indicator is an atypical bump in applications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If I saw, for example, that a college that only gets 1,000 applications in some time frame gets 5,000, you kind of know something is probably up,” said Valerie Lundy-Wagner, a vice chancellor for the community college system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The chancellor’s office provided CalMatters with anonymous application data for each month from September 2021 to January 2024. CalMatters analyzed the data using two different techniques to identify statistical outliers in the application data and asked the office to verify the methodology. The office repeatedly declined.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11981539\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/031424_ELAC_JH_CM_02.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11981539\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/031424_ELAC_JH_CM_02.jpg\" alt=\"A person wearing a backpack walks by brick pillars that have the letters E,L, A, S.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/031424_ELAC_JH_CM_02.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/031424_ELAC_JH_CM_02-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/031424_ELAC_JH_CM_02-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/031424_ELAC_JH_CM_02-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/031424_ELAC_JH_CM_02-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/031424_ELAC_JH_CM_02-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">East Los Angeles College campus in Monterey Park on March 14, 2024. \u003ccite>(Jules Hotz/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>According to the analysis, more than 50 of the state’s 116 community colleges saw at least one unusual spike in the number of applications they received during that time frame. In the last year, colleges have seen more unusual spikes than at any point since 2021. Along with fraud, however, outliers could also reflect normal fluctuations in applications or the \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/higher-education/2023/11/community-college-enrollment-4/\">overall increase in college enrollment last year\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we’re hearing is that (fraud) is happening more widespread than people are letting on, but people just have their heads in the sand because it looks good to have your enrollment going up,” said Coston with the Kern Community College District. Many college administrators said improvements in artificial intelligence have made it easier for people to attempt fraud on a larger scale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet clamping down too hard on fraud can have unintended consequences. More than 20% of community college students in California don’t receive Pell grants they’re eligible for. Administrative hurdles — including the verification process — are one reason why, according to \u003ca href=\"https://education.ucdavis.edu/sites/main/files/ucdavis_wheelhouse_research_brief_vol3no3_online_1.pdf\">a 2018 study\u003c/a> by researchers at UC Davis. To help, the federal government is trying to simplify its financial aid application, but in some cases, it’s \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/higher-education/2024/02/federal-financial-aid/#:~:text=The%20current%20problem,administration%20and%20colleges.\">created more barriers for students during the rollout this year\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve overcorrected at times, even in policy, and in how stringently we’re verifying students relative to the amount of fraud in the system,” said Jake Brymer, a deputy director with the California Student Aid Commission. As a result, he said, real low-income students get pushed out.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Kicking real students out of class\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Sometimes, the fraud detection backfires on actual students, ousting people like Martin Romero.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In order to graduate from East Los Angeles College, Romero, 20, must take American history, so last fall he enrolled in an online class where students can watch pre-recorded lectures on their own time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said it was all he had time for. Romero takes four classes at East Los Angeles College each semester and serves as its student body president. He also helps out at his family’s auto body shop, sometimes as much as 15 hours a week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the first day of class last fall, he said the online portal, Canvas, wasn’t working on his computer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That day, the American history professor did a test through Canvas, asking students to respond to a prompt in order to prove they were not a bot. Romero didn’t answer, so the professor dropped him from the class.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was freaking out,” he said and wrote to the professor as soon as he found out, begging to be reinstated. The professor told him the class was already full again, so letting him in would mean kicking someone else out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the college’s Academic Senate, the faculty group that governs academic matters, fake students are one of the top three issues, said its president, Leticia Barajas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re frustrated with the fact that some of these courses are getting filled really quickly,” she said. “We see it as an access issue for our students.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said there’s been an uptick in recent months, especially in certain kinds of online classes, that has forced professors to focus on hunting bots instead of teaching. Professors now are expected to test their students in the first weeks, asking them to submit answers to prompts, sign copies of the syllabus, or send other evidence to prove they are real.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Increasingly, she said, the bots are evading detection, especially with the help of AI. “They’re submitting assignments. It’s gibberish,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The endless, multi-million-dollar game of combating fraud\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Campus and state officials described fraud detection as a game of whack-a-mole. “When we get better at addressing one thing, something else pops up,” Lundy-Wagner said. “That’s sort of the nature of fraud.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To fight fraud, she said, the chancellor’s office, the 73 independently governed districts, and their colleges all must work together, including those who oversee information technology, enrollment and financial aid. Part of the challenge is that the system is so “decentralized,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The largest reform underway is \u003ca href=\"https://www.cccco.edu/About-Us/Chancellors-Office/Divisions/Digital-Innovation-and-Infrastructure/reimagine-apply\">a new version of CCCApply\u003c/a>, the state’s community college application portal, which will offer more cybersecurity, Feist said. He also said there are other “promising” short-term projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of them is a software tool known as ID.Me, launched in February. The contract with the software company, \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/V0467-ID.me_Vendor-Agreement-Exp.-20241016-1.pdf\">costing more than $3.5 million\u003c/a>, gives it permission to check college applicants for identification, including video interviews in certain cases. Privacy experts have warned that the company’s video technology could be \u003ca href=\"https://lao.ca.gov/Publications/Report/4542#:~:text=%E2%80%A6But%20ID.me,for%20tax%20filing.\">racially biased and error-prone.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To mitigate these privacy concerns and avoid creating enrollment barriers, applicants need to opt in to the new verification software.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the first few days after its implementation, 29% of applicants opted in to ID.Me’s new vetting process. Some applicants started the verification process but never finished, Feist said, while others are ineligible because they’re under the age of 18. The rest chose not to verify their identity for other reasons, including many who are suspected bots.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘We’re just trying to survive’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In Los Angeles, community colleges have already seen a drop in suspicious applications, said Nicole Albo-Lopez, a vice chancellor with the district. But she’s skeptical the problem is solved. “The lull we see, I don’t believe we’ll be able to sustain,” she said. “They’ll find another way to come in.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her district is now concerned that bots are trying to steal data or intellectual property, not just financial aid. “Say I have 400 sections of English 101 online. There are 400 variations of readings, assignments, peer-to-peer questions that somebody can go in and scrape,” Albo-Lopez said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barajas said faculty at East Los Angeles College are so overwhelmed by bots they haven’t discussed the potential risk to their intellectual property: “We’re at such a level where we’re just trying to survive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, students like Romero, who are wrongly mistaken for bots, must develop their own survival skills. When the professor denied the request to re-enroll, he signed up for the same course in the one format that was still available — in-person. The class met every Monday and Wednesday at 7:10 a.m., and the professor deducted points for anyone who was late.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was torture,” he said, noting that he missed two classes and was late to around four. He finished the class with a B but said he would have had an A if he had gotten into the class he wanted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As student body president, he said he’s been outspoken about the issue. While he was able to fulfill his history requirement, he worries that other students may not be so lucky.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Data reporter Erica Yee contributed to this reporting. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Adam Echelman covers California’s community colleges in partnership with Open Campus, a nonprofit newsroom focused on higher education.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"California’s community colleges are reporting a rise in financial aid fraud. In January, suspected bots represented 1 in 4 college applicants. Schools have given away millions to these scams.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1712008989,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":50,"wordCount":2216},"headData":{"title":"California Community Colleges Losing Millions to Financial Aid Scams | KQED","description":"California’s community colleges are reporting a rise in financial aid fraud. In January, suspected bots represented 1 in 4 college applicants. Schools have given away millions to these scams.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"California Community Colleges Losing Millions to Financial Aid Scams","datePublished":"2024-04-01T22:00:46.000Z","dateModified":"2024-04-01T22:03:09.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"sticky":false,"nprByline":"Adam Echelman","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11981524/california-community-colleges-losing-millions-to-financial-aid-scams","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>They’re called “Pell runners” — after enrolling at a community college they apply for a federal Pell grant, collect as much as $7,400, then vanish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since fall 2021, California’s community colleges have given more than $5 million to Pell runners, according to monthly reports they sent to the California Community Colleges Chancellor’s Office. Colleges also report they’ve given nearly $1.5 million in state and local aid to these scammers.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘If I saw, for example, that a college that only gets 1,000 applications in some time frame gets 5,000, you kind of know something is probably up.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Valerie Lundy-Wagner, vice chancellor, community college system","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The chancellor’s office began requiring the state’s 116 community colleges to submit these reports three years ago after fraud cases surged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the time, the office said it suspected \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/higher-education/college-beat/2021/09/california-community-colleges-financial-aid-scam/\">20% of college applicants were fraudulent\u003c/a>. Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, the federal government loosened some restrictions around financial aid, making it easier for students to prove they were eligible, and provided special one-time grants to help keep them enrolled. Once these pandemic-era exceptions ended in 2023 and some classes returned to in-person instruction, college officials said they expected fraud to subside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It hasn’t. In January, the chancellor’s office suspected 25% of college applicants were fraudulent, said Paul Feist, a spokesperson for the office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is getting significantly worse,” said Todd Coston, an associate vice chancellor with the Kern Community College District. He said that last year, “something changed, and all of a sudden, everything spiked like crazy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Online classes that historically don’t fill up were suddenly overwhelmed with students — a sign that many of them might be fake — Coston said. Administrators at other large districts, including the Los Rios Community College District in Sacramento, the Mt. San Antonio Community College District in Walnut, California and the Los Angeles Community College District, told CalMatters that fraudsters are evading each new cybersecurity strategy.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"news_11975534,news_11979072,mindshift_63075","label":"Related Stories "},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reason for the reported increase in fraud is because the chancellor’s office and college administrators are getting better at detecting it, he said. Since 2022, the state has allocated more than \u003ca href=\"https://lao.ca.gov/Publications/Report/4632#california-community-colleges:~:text=Cybersecurity%20Upgrades%20for,applying%20to%20CCC.\">$125 million for fraud detection\u003c/a>, cybersecurity and other changes in the online application process at community colleges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reports the colleges submitted don’t include how much fraud they prevented.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rise in suspected fraud coincides with years of efforts, both at the state and local level, to increase access to community college. Schools are reducing fees — or making college free — while legislators have worked to simplify and expand financial aid. Those efforts accelerated during the pandemic when \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/higher-education/2023/08/california-community-colleges-2/\">community colleges saw record declines in enrollment.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not surprising, then, that “bad actors” would take advantage of the system’s good intentions, Feist said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Financial aid fraud is not new\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>College officials suspect most of the fake students are bots and often, they display tell-tale signs. In Sacramento, community colleges started seeing an influx of applications from Russia, China, and India during the start of the pandemic. Around the same time, administrators at Mt. San Antonio College saw students using Social Security numbers of retirees. Others had home addresses that were abandoned lots. Uncommon email domains, such as AOL.com, were another red flag.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These scams aren’t new. The federal government has long required colleges to report instances of financial aid fraud. Every year, the federal government closes around \u003ca href=\"https://oig.ed.gov/about/strategic-performances-and-peer-reviews\">40 to 80 cases\u003c/a>, including a recent \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/usao-cdca/pr/three-women-indicted-alleged-scheme-used-prison-inmates-identities-fraudulently-obtain\">conviction of three California women\u003c/a> who stole nearly a million dollars by collecting fraudulent student loans. California community colleges also said they’ve spotted fraudulent applications from people trying to get a .edu email address in order to receive student discounts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the chancellor’s office began requiring community colleges to file monthly reports, it asked for the number of fake applications and the amount of money they gave to fraudsters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CalMatters submitted a public records request for the data, broken down by campus. After the request was initially rejected, CalMatters appealed and received an anonymized copy of all of the monthly reports, lacking individual campus details.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reports show that between September 2021 and January 2024, the colleges received roughly 900,000 fraudulent college applications and gave fraudsters more than $5 million in federal aid, as well as nearly $1.5 million in state and local aid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The numbers show that fraud represents less than 1% of the total amount of financial aid awarded to community college students in the same time period. It’s hard to tell how accurate the data is because compliance is spotty, with some months missing reports from as many as half the colleges.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>More fraud, in more places\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>To understand how fraud is evolving, the chancellor’s office uses several sources of information and data, Feist said. One indicator is an atypical bump in applications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If I saw, for example, that a college that only gets 1,000 applications in some time frame gets 5,000, you kind of know something is probably up,” said Valerie Lundy-Wagner, a vice chancellor for the community college system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The chancellor’s office provided CalMatters with anonymous application data for each month from September 2021 to January 2024. CalMatters analyzed the data using two different techniques to identify statistical outliers in the application data and asked the office to verify the methodology. The office repeatedly declined.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11981539\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/031424_ELAC_JH_CM_02.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11981539\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/031424_ELAC_JH_CM_02.jpg\" alt=\"A person wearing a backpack walks by brick pillars that have the letters E,L, A, S.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/031424_ELAC_JH_CM_02.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/031424_ELAC_JH_CM_02-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/031424_ELAC_JH_CM_02-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/031424_ELAC_JH_CM_02-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/031424_ELAC_JH_CM_02-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/031424_ELAC_JH_CM_02-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">East Los Angeles College campus in Monterey Park on March 14, 2024. \u003ccite>(Jules Hotz/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>According to the analysis, more than 50 of the state’s 116 community colleges saw at least one unusual spike in the number of applications they received during that time frame. In the last year, colleges have seen more unusual spikes than at any point since 2021. Along with fraud, however, outliers could also reflect normal fluctuations in applications or the \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/higher-education/2023/11/community-college-enrollment-4/\">overall increase in college enrollment last year\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we’re hearing is that (fraud) is happening more widespread than people are letting on, but people just have their heads in the sand because it looks good to have your enrollment going up,” said Coston with the Kern Community College District. Many college administrators said improvements in artificial intelligence have made it easier for people to attempt fraud on a larger scale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet clamping down too hard on fraud can have unintended consequences. More than 20% of community college students in California don’t receive Pell grants they’re eligible for. Administrative hurdles — including the verification process — are one reason why, according to \u003ca href=\"https://education.ucdavis.edu/sites/main/files/ucdavis_wheelhouse_research_brief_vol3no3_online_1.pdf\">a 2018 study\u003c/a> by researchers at UC Davis. To help, the federal government is trying to simplify its financial aid application, but in some cases, it’s \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/higher-education/2024/02/federal-financial-aid/#:~:text=The%20current%20problem,administration%20and%20colleges.\">created more barriers for students during the rollout this year\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve overcorrected at times, even in policy, and in how stringently we’re verifying students relative to the amount of fraud in the system,” said Jake Brymer, a deputy director with the California Student Aid Commission. As a result, he said, real low-income students get pushed out.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Kicking real students out of class\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Sometimes, the fraud detection backfires on actual students, ousting people like Martin Romero.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In order to graduate from East Los Angeles College, Romero, 20, must take American history, so last fall he enrolled in an online class where students can watch pre-recorded lectures on their own time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said it was all he had time for. Romero takes four classes at East Los Angeles College each semester and serves as its student body president. He also helps out at his family’s auto body shop, sometimes as much as 15 hours a week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the first day of class last fall, he said the online portal, Canvas, wasn’t working on his computer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That day, the American history professor did a test through Canvas, asking students to respond to a prompt in order to prove they were not a bot. Romero didn’t answer, so the professor dropped him from the class.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was freaking out,” he said and wrote to the professor as soon as he found out, begging to be reinstated. The professor told him the class was already full again, so letting him in would mean kicking someone else out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the college’s Academic Senate, the faculty group that governs academic matters, fake students are one of the top three issues, said its president, Leticia Barajas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re frustrated with the fact that some of these courses are getting filled really quickly,” she said. “We see it as an access issue for our students.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said there’s been an uptick in recent months, especially in certain kinds of online classes, that has forced professors to focus on hunting bots instead of teaching. Professors now are expected to test their students in the first weeks, asking them to submit answers to prompts, sign copies of the syllabus, or send other evidence to prove they are real.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Increasingly, she said, the bots are evading detection, especially with the help of AI. “They’re submitting assignments. It’s gibberish,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The endless, multi-million-dollar game of combating fraud\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Campus and state officials described fraud detection as a game of whack-a-mole. “When we get better at addressing one thing, something else pops up,” Lundy-Wagner said. “That’s sort of the nature of fraud.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To fight fraud, she said, the chancellor’s office, the 73 independently governed districts, and their colleges all must work together, including those who oversee information technology, enrollment and financial aid. Part of the challenge is that the system is so “decentralized,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The largest reform underway is \u003ca href=\"https://www.cccco.edu/About-Us/Chancellors-Office/Divisions/Digital-Innovation-and-Infrastructure/reimagine-apply\">a new version of CCCApply\u003c/a>, the state’s community college application portal, which will offer more cybersecurity, Feist said. He also said there are other “promising” short-term projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of them is a software tool known as ID.Me, launched in February. The contract with the software company, \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/V0467-ID.me_Vendor-Agreement-Exp.-20241016-1.pdf\">costing more than $3.5 million\u003c/a>, gives it permission to check college applicants for identification, including video interviews in certain cases. Privacy experts have warned that the company’s video technology could be \u003ca href=\"https://lao.ca.gov/Publications/Report/4542#:~:text=%E2%80%A6But%20ID.me,for%20tax%20filing.\">racially biased and error-prone.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To mitigate these privacy concerns and avoid creating enrollment barriers, applicants need to opt in to the new verification software.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the first few days after its implementation, 29% of applicants opted in to ID.Me’s new vetting process. Some applicants started the verification process but never finished, Feist said, while others are ineligible because they’re under the age of 18. The rest chose not to verify their identity for other reasons, including many who are suspected bots.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘We’re just trying to survive’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In Los Angeles, community colleges have already seen a drop in suspicious applications, said Nicole Albo-Lopez, a vice chancellor with the district. But she’s skeptical the problem is solved. “The lull we see, I don’t believe we’ll be able to sustain,” she said. “They’ll find another way to come in.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her district is now concerned that bots are trying to steal data or intellectual property, not just financial aid. “Say I have 400 sections of English 101 online. There are 400 variations of readings, assignments, peer-to-peer questions that somebody can go in and scrape,” Albo-Lopez said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barajas said faculty at East Los Angeles College are so overwhelmed by bots they haven’t discussed the potential risk to their intellectual property: “We’re at such a level where we’re just trying to survive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, students like Romero, who are wrongly mistaken for bots, must develop their own survival skills. When the professor denied the request to re-enroll, he signed up for the same course in the one format that was still available — in-person. The class met every Monday and Wednesday at 7:10 a.m., and the professor deducted points for anyone who was late.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was torture,” he said, noting that he missed two classes and was late to around four. He finished the class with a B but said he would have had an A if he had gotten into the class he wanted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As student body president, he said he’s been outspoken about the issue. While he was able to fulfill his history requirement, he worries that other students may not be so lucky.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Data reporter Erica Yee contributed to this reporting. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Adam Echelman covers California’s community colleges in partnership with Open Campus, a nonprofit newsroom focused on higher education.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11981524/california-community-colleges-losing-millions-to-financial-aid-scams","authors":["byline_news_11981524"],"categories":["news_8"],"tags":["news_25365","news_22697","news_23052"],"affiliates":["news_18481"],"featImg":"news_11981538","label":"news_18481"},"news_11972719":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11972719","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11972719","score":null,"sort":[1705492858000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"california-community-colleges-are-reluctant-to-spend-state-money-heres-why","title":"'It's Either Feast or Famine': Why Are Community Colleges Reluctant to Spend State Money?","publishDate":1705492858,"format":"standard","headTitle":"‘It’s Either Feast or Famine’: Why Are Community Colleges Reluctant to Spend State Money? | KQED","labelTerm":{"term":18481,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>More than a year after California community colleges received $650 million in state COVID-19 relief money, schools have spent less than 20% of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Colleges say they desperately need the money but are reluctant to spend it because of ongoing uncertainty surrounding the state’s budget. Namely, they fear they’ll be asked to give it back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s either feast or famine,” said Dan Troy, an assistant superintendent at Cuesta College in San Luis Obispo and a former finance team member at the California Community Colleges Chancellor’s Office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Community colleges can spend the relief money on a \u003ca href=\"https://www.cccco.edu/-/media/CCCCO-Website/College-Finance-and-Facilities/Fiscal-Memos/Fiscal-Memos/2022/covid-19-recovery-block-grant-per-ab-182-memo-final2__a11y.pdf?la=en&hash=81345690DEF0869BF9C8AD1EA5648D0F4CA11F63\">wide range of programs (PDF)\u003c/a>, including mental health services, food pantries for students, technology, and professional development for faculty. But more than $500 million remains unspent, according to the most recent data from the chancellor’s office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two years ago, in the 2022–23 budget, California had a projected budget surplus due in part to an influx of federal COVID-19 relief money. The state allocated that surplus to a number of programs and services, including $650 million to community colleges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, the state had a projected deficit, and Gov. Gavin Newsom proposed asking colleges \u003ca href=\"https://ebudget.ca.gov/2023-24/pdf/Revised/BudgetSummary/HigherEducation.pdf#page=5\">to return the COVID-19 money (PDF)\u003c/a> less than a year after giving it to them. It was part of a proposed tradeoff so that the governor could accommodate other requests, including an increase in the amount of general fund dollars awarded to community colleges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposal never came to fruition, but\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/2023/05/california-budget-community-colleges/\"> the governor clawed back other funds from community colleges\u003c/a> in order to close the state’s budget deficit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11972723\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1568px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11972723\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/Cuesta_College_LEOPO-1196-CM-copy.jpg\" alt='The outside of a white building with \"student health center\" written on the wall.' width=\"1568\" height=\"1045\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/Cuesta_College_LEOPO-1196-CM-copy.jpg 1568w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/Cuesta_College_LEOPO-1196-CM-copy-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/Cuesta_College_LEOPO-1196-CM-copy-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/Cuesta_College_LEOPO-1196-CM-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/Cuesta_College_LEOPO-1196-CM-copy-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1568px) 100vw, 1568px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Dovica Learning Resource Center at Cuesta College in San Luis Obispo on Jan. 10, 2024. \u003ccite>(Julie Leopo-Bermudez for CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Now, the governor and the Legislature are grappling with a $37.9 billion deficit as they plan the 2024–25 budget. According to the governor’s proposed budget, released last week, the community college system will not face any major cuts this year. However, the budget is subject to change before it’s enacted this summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Predictability, consistent funding, I think that’s what most campuses would love to see,” Troy said. His district, which has three campuses in San Luis Obispo County, has spent or signed contracts amounting to $390,000 as of the end of last year, a fraction of the nearly $5 million in COVID-19 funds it received in 2022.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are other reasons behind his spending decision. Before Cuesta College received nearly $5 million of the state’s COVID-19 relief dollars, it had already received a much larger relief grant — roughly $28 million — directly from the federal government. Troy said his plan was to prioritize spending down federal dollars first since it’s much more money and must be used before last year’s end. Colleges have until 2027 to spend the money from the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Uncertainty makes it hard to spend\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Across the state, community colleges said financial uncertainty is shaping everyday decisions about spending money they receive from the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In South Lake Tahoe, where housing has become unaffordable for many low-income students, the local community college is building a 100-bed dorm with state construction funding. But inflation led to rising building prices. President Jeff DeFranco said the college initially held back on spending its COVID-19 money in case it needed to use it for the housing project. The final housing estimate came in lower than expected, he said, meaning the college was free to use its COVID-19 funds elsewhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Dan Troy, assistant superintendent, Cuesta College in San Luis Obispo\"]‘I was reluctant to make major commitments to the (COVID-19) dollars for fear that the rug would be pulled out from under us. I was concerned that we’d make commitments we couldn’t keep.’[/pullquote]More uncertainty followed for Lake Tahoe Community College. Several months after the final housing estimate came in, Newsom proposed that colleges return more than half of the COVID-19 money they had received.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the final version of the budget didn’t include those particular cuts, the governor ultimately asked colleges to return more than half of the money they had received for maintenance projects. Colleges that had already spent that money either needed to renege on contracts or pull from other sources of funding to cover the difference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was reluctant to make major commitments to the (COVID-19) dollars for fear that the rug would be pulled out from under us. I was concerned that we’d make commitments we couldn’t keep,” Troy said. Of the $390,000 that Troy has committed so far, most are for a contract with the regional transit agency to provide free bus travel for students. That contract has more flexibility than a traditional contract with a private company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While a small investment compared to the millions of unspent funds, those dollars make a difference for Sean Runyon, 55, who relies on the bus to attend classes at Cuesta College four days a week. He sold his car a few years ago in order to help pay for a surgery and can no longer drive because of a related disability.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s a single parent of a teenager and survives on government benefits, earning about $1,000 a month, half of which goes to rent. “That $68 is a lot of money,” he said, referring to the cost of a monthly bus pass. Without it, he said, “I’d probably have to stop going to college.” After working as a chef for decades, his goal is to change careers into something less physically demanding, such as counseling for people with substance use problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11972726\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1568px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11972726\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/Sean_Runyon_LEOPO-0230-CM-copy.jpg\" alt=\"A white middle aged man looks and smiles wryly at the camera, wearing glasses, in a room with maps and deer heads mounted on the wall.\" width=\"1568\" height=\"1045\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/Sean_Runyon_LEOPO-0230-CM-copy.jpg 1568w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/Sean_Runyon_LEOPO-0230-CM-copy-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/Sean_Runyon_LEOPO-0230-CM-copy-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/Sean_Runyon_LEOPO-0230-CM-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/Sean_Runyon_LEOPO-0230-CM-copy-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1568px) 100vw, 1568px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sean Runyon, 55, a student at Cuesta Community College, in his home in Santa Margarita, San Luis Obispo County, on Jan. 19, 2024. \u003ccite>(Julie Leopo-Bermudez for CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Runyon said he’s grateful for the services that Cuesta College provides and places the blame for the college’s budget dilemma on Newsom and the state’s leadership.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Troy said the recent budget the governor released gives him more confidence to spend down the money he has. “It’s not a great budget by any means, but it’s stable enough that I feel confident committing those dollars.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said the college might spend the remaining money on services to support students, such as food pantries and vouchers to offset textbook costs. He also mentioned possible improvements to classroom technology, such as new whiteboards and laptops.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘Spending a lot of money is a lot harder’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>California’s 116 community colleges are organized into 73 independently governed districts, which the state chancellor’s office oversees. Spending public money within any of these districts requires various approval processes, each taking time, said Michal Kurlaender, a professor at UC Davis who studies COVID-19 recovery in higher education. College boards typically make the final call, but the state usually requires faculty, staff, and students to be involved, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a really diverse system,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While most colleges have only used a fraction of the state’s COVID-19 dollars, some have already spent it all or committed it all through contracts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11972728\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1568px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11972728\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/20221202_RioHondo_07-CM-copy.jpg\" alt=\"Students leaving a building.\" width=\"1568\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/20221202_RioHondo_07-CM-copy.jpg 1568w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/20221202_RioHondo_07-CM-copy-800x551.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/20221202_RioHondo_07-CM-copy-1020x703.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/20221202_RioHondo_07-CM-copy-160x110.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/20221202_RioHondo_07-CM-copy-1536x1058.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1568px) 100vw, 1568px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Students leave class at Rio Hondo College in Whittier, Los Angeles County, on Dec. 2, 2022. \u003ccite>(Alisha Jucevic for CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Rio Hondo College, located in Whittier in eastern Los Angeles County, has spent roughly half of the more than $7 million in COVID-19 relief it received in 2022 and has signed contracts that spend the rest by May, according to Stephen Kibui, the vice president of finance and business for the college. Most of the money goes toward providing lower-income students with laptops, Wi-Fi hotspots, and software such as Microsoft Office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The college is not immune from budget fluctuations, though. Last year, when the state pulled back money for maintenance, Rio Hondo was one of several colleges that had already spent the money or signed contracts for projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=\"news_11969301,news_11966229,forum_2010101894876\"]“One of the contracts we’re dealing with now is the roofing of our science building. It’s a three-story building, and it’s leaking all the way to the second floor,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He pulled from the college’s general fund in order to keep the project going. Now, the general fund coffers are getting low, so he said he’d need to pull from the college’s reserves if anything similar were to happen this year. It would be “unacceptable” and “very punitive,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just north of Joshua Tree National Park, Copper Mountain College received the smallest amount of COVID-19 funds in 2022 and spent it all within the fiscal year, President Daren Otten said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re a small operation,” he said. “We move quickly. Once we realized what the resources could be spent on, we deployed them.” The school used the money to cover debts that students had accrued, such as unpaid course fees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, Otten drew a distinction between his college and many other schools. “Spending a lot of money is a lot harder. Our total allocation was $760,000.” On average, community college districts received more than $9 million in 2022 from the state for COVID-19 relief.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the start of the pandemic, Kurlaender said college leaders often asked her what to do with all the relief money they received, especially the federal dollars, which were even larger than the state’s allocation. She said she didn’t have an easy solution. “The reality is we don’t have a big wealth of evidence of how to deal with something like a pandemic when students are facing this level of disruption.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Adam Echelman covers California’s community colleges in partnership with Open Campus, a nonprofit newsroom focused on higher education.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Last year, the governor proposed asking community colleges to return their COVID-19 relief money. Although that idea was dropped, college officials fear committing dollars that may be taken away.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1705513115,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":34,"wordCount":1723},"headData":{"title":"'It's Either Feast or Famine': Why Are Community Colleges Reluctant to Spend State Money? | KQED","description":"Last year, the governor proposed asking community colleges to return their COVID-19 relief money. Although that idea was dropped, college officials fear committing dollars that may be taken away.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"'It's Either Feast or Famine': Why Are Community Colleges Reluctant to Spend State Money?","datePublished":"2024-01-17T12:00:58.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-17T17:38:35.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"sticky":false,"nprByline":"\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/author/adam-echelman/\">Adam Echelman\u003c/a>","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11972719/california-community-colleges-are-reluctant-to-spend-state-money-heres-why","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>More than a year after California community colleges received $650 million in state COVID-19 relief money, schools have spent less than 20% of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Colleges say they desperately need the money but are reluctant to spend it because of ongoing uncertainty surrounding the state’s budget. Namely, they fear they’ll be asked to give it back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s either feast or famine,” said Dan Troy, an assistant superintendent at Cuesta College in San Luis Obispo and a former finance team member at the California Community Colleges Chancellor’s Office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Community colleges can spend the relief money on a \u003ca href=\"https://www.cccco.edu/-/media/CCCCO-Website/College-Finance-and-Facilities/Fiscal-Memos/Fiscal-Memos/2022/covid-19-recovery-block-grant-per-ab-182-memo-final2__a11y.pdf?la=en&hash=81345690DEF0869BF9C8AD1EA5648D0F4CA11F63\">wide range of programs (PDF)\u003c/a>, including mental health services, food pantries for students, technology, and professional development for faculty. But more than $500 million remains unspent, according to the most recent data from the chancellor’s office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two years ago, in the 2022–23 budget, California had a projected budget surplus due in part to an influx of federal COVID-19 relief money. The state allocated that surplus to a number of programs and services, including $650 million to community colleges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, the state had a projected deficit, and Gov. Gavin Newsom proposed asking colleges \u003ca href=\"https://ebudget.ca.gov/2023-24/pdf/Revised/BudgetSummary/HigherEducation.pdf#page=5\">to return the COVID-19 money (PDF)\u003c/a> less than a year after giving it to them. It was part of a proposed tradeoff so that the governor could accommodate other requests, including an increase in the amount of general fund dollars awarded to community colleges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposal never came to fruition, but\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/2023/05/california-budget-community-colleges/\"> the governor clawed back other funds from community colleges\u003c/a> in order to close the state’s budget deficit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11972723\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1568px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11972723\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/Cuesta_College_LEOPO-1196-CM-copy.jpg\" alt='The outside of a white building with \"student health center\" written on the wall.' width=\"1568\" height=\"1045\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/Cuesta_College_LEOPO-1196-CM-copy.jpg 1568w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/Cuesta_College_LEOPO-1196-CM-copy-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/Cuesta_College_LEOPO-1196-CM-copy-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/Cuesta_College_LEOPO-1196-CM-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/Cuesta_College_LEOPO-1196-CM-copy-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1568px) 100vw, 1568px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Dovica Learning Resource Center at Cuesta College in San Luis Obispo on Jan. 10, 2024. \u003ccite>(Julie Leopo-Bermudez for CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Now, the governor and the Legislature are grappling with a $37.9 billion deficit as they plan the 2024–25 budget. According to the governor’s proposed budget, released last week, the community college system will not face any major cuts this year. However, the budget is subject to change before it’s enacted this summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Predictability, consistent funding, I think that’s what most campuses would love to see,” Troy said. His district, which has three campuses in San Luis Obispo County, has spent or signed contracts amounting to $390,000 as of the end of last year, a fraction of the nearly $5 million in COVID-19 funds it received in 2022.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are other reasons behind his spending decision. Before Cuesta College received nearly $5 million of the state’s COVID-19 relief dollars, it had already received a much larger relief grant — roughly $28 million — directly from the federal government. Troy said his plan was to prioritize spending down federal dollars first since it’s much more money and must be used before last year’s end. Colleges have until 2027 to spend the money from the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Uncertainty makes it hard to spend\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Across the state, community colleges said financial uncertainty is shaping everyday decisions about spending money they receive from the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In South Lake Tahoe, where housing has become unaffordable for many low-income students, the local community college is building a 100-bed dorm with state construction funding. But inflation led to rising building prices. President Jeff DeFranco said the college initially held back on spending its COVID-19 money in case it needed to use it for the housing project. The final housing estimate came in lower than expected, he said, meaning the college was free to use its COVID-19 funds elsewhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘I was reluctant to make major commitments to the (COVID-19) dollars for fear that the rug would be pulled out from under us. I was concerned that we’d make commitments we couldn’t keep.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"align":"right","size":"medium","citation":"Dan Troy, assistant superintendent, Cuesta College in San Luis Obispo","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>More uncertainty followed for Lake Tahoe Community College. Several months after the final housing estimate came in, Newsom proposed that colleges return more than half of the COVID-19 money they had received.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the final version of the budget didn’t include those particular cuts, the governor ultimately asked colleges to return more than half of the money they had received for maintenance projects. Colleges that had already spent that money either needed to renege on contracts or pull from other sources of funding to cover the difference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was reluctant to make major commitments to the (COVID-19) dollars for fear that the rug would be pulled out from under us. I was concerned that we’d make commitments we couldn’t keep,” Troy said. Of the $390,000 that Troy has committed so far, most are for a contract with the regional transit agency to provide free bus travel for students. That contract has more flexibility than a traditional contract with a private company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While a small investment compared to the millions of unspent funds, those dollars make a difference for Sean Runyon, 55, who relies on the bus to attend classes at Cuesta College four days a week. He sold his car a few years ago in order to help pay for a surgery and can no longer drive because of a related disability.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s a single parent of a teenager and survives on government benefits, earning about $1,000 a month, half of which goes to rent. “That $68 is a lot of money,” he said, referring to the cost of a monthly bus pass. Without it, he said, “I’d probably have to stop going to college.” After working as a chef for decades, his goal is to change careers into something less physically demanding, such as counseling for people with substance use problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11972726\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1568px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11972726\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/Sean_Runyon_LEOPO-0230-CM-copy.jpg\" alt=\"A white middle aged man looks and smiles wryly at the camera, wearing glasses, in a room with maps and deer heads mounted on the wall.\" width=\"1568\" height=\"1045\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/Sean_Runyon_LEOPO-0230-CM-copy.jpg 1568w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/Sean_Runyon_LEOPO-0230-CM-copy-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/Sean_Runyon_LEOPO-0230-CM-copy-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/Sean_Runyon_LEOPO-0230-CM-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/Sean_Runyon_LEOPO-0230-CM-copy-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1568px) 100vw, 1568px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sean Runyon, 55, a student at Cuesta Community College, in his home in Santa Margarita, San Luis Obispo County, on Jan. 19, 2024. \u003ccite>(Julie Leopo-Bermudez for CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Runyon said he’s grateful for the services that Cuesta College provides and places the blame for the college’s budget dilemma on Newsom and the state’s leadership.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Troy said the recent budget the governor released gives him more confidence to spend down the money he has. “It’s not a great budget by any means, but it’s stable enough that I feel confident committing those dollars.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said the college might spend the remaining money on services to support students, such as food pantries and vouchers to offset textbook costs. He also mentioned possible improvements to classroom technology, such as new whiteboards and laptops.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘Spending a lot of money is a lot harder’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>California’s 116 community colleges are organized into 73 independently governed districts, which the state chancellor’s office oversees. Spending public money within any of these districts requires various approval processes, each taking time, said Michal Kurlaender, a professor at UC Davis who studies COVID-19 recovery in higher education. College boards typically make the final call, but the state usually requires faculty, staff, and students to be involved, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a really diverse system,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While most colleges have only used a fraction of the state’s COVID-19 dollars, some have already spent it all or committed it all through contracts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11972728\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1568px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11972728\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/20221202_RioHondo_07-CM-copy.jpg\" alt=\"Students leaving a building.\" width=\"1568\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/20221202_RioHondo_07-CM-copy.jpg 1568w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/20221202_RioHondo_07-CM-copy-800x551.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/20221202_RioHondo_07-CM-copy-1020x703.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/20221202_RioHondo_07-CM-copy-160x110.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/20221202_RioHondo_07-CM-copy-1536x1058.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1568px) 100vw, 1568px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Students leave class at Rio Hondo College in Whittier, Los Angeles County, on Dec. 2, 2022. \u003ccite>(Alisha Jucevic for CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Rio Hondo College, located in Whittier in eastern Los Angeles County, has spent roughly half of the more than $7 million in COVID-19 relief it received in 2022 and has signed contracts that spend the rest by May, according to Stephen Kibui, the vice president of finance and business for the college. Most of the money goes toward providing lower-income students with laptops, Wi-Fi hotspots, and software such as Microsoft Office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The college is not immune from budget fluctuations, though. Last year, when the state pulled back money for maintenance, Rio Hondo was one of several colleges that had already spent the money or signed contracts for projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"Related Stories ","postid":"news_11969301,news_11966229,forum_2010101894876"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“One of the contracts we’re dealing with now is the roofing of our science building. It’s a three-story building, and it’s leaking all the way to the second floor,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He pulled from the college’s general fund in order to keep the project going. Now, the general fund coffers are getting low, so he said he’d need to pull from the college’s reserves if anything similar were to happen this year. It would be “unacceptable” and “very punitive,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just north of Joshua Tree National Park, Copper Mountain College received the smallest amount of COVID-19 funds in 2022 and spent it all within the fiscal year, President Daren Otten said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re a small operation,” he said. “We move quickly. Once we realized what the resources could be spent on, we deployed them.” The school used the money to cover debts that students had accrued, such as unpaid course fees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, Otten drew a distinction between his college and many other schools. “Spending a lot of money is a lot harder. Our total allocation was $760,000.” On average, community college districts received more than $9 million in 2022 from the state for COVID-19 relief.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the start of the pandemic, Kurlaender said college leaders often asked her what to do with all the relief money they received, especially the federal dollars, which were even larger than the state’s allocation. She said she didn’t have an easy solution. “The reality is we don’t have a big wealth of evidence of how to deal with something like a pandemic when students are facing this level of disruption.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Adam Echelman covers California’s community colleges in partnership with Open Campus, a nonprofit newsroom focused on higher education.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11972719/california-community-colleges-are-reluctant-to-spend-state-money-heres-why","authors":["byline_news_11972719"],"categories":["news_8"],"tags":["news_25365","news_20013"],"affiliates":["news_18481"],"featImg":"news_11972721","label":"news_18481"},"news_11966417":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11966417","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11966417","score":null,"sort":[1699192846000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"community-college-professors-allege-new-diversity-policies-infringe-on-academic-freedom","title":"Community College Professors Allege New Diversity Policies Infringe on Academic Freedom","publishDate":1699192846,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Community College Professors Allege New Diversity Policies Infringe on Academic Freedom | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Bill Blanken, a chemistry professor at Reedley College, said a new diversity and equity policy in California’s community colleges amounts to a “loyalty oath” and “compelled speech” that runs afoul of free speech and academic freedom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Blanken, along with five other tenured professors in State Center Community College District, are challenging new California Community College diversity policies that change the way employees are evaluated. A lawsuit, filed in August, describes the plaintiffs as critics of anti-racism and diversity, equity, inclusion and accessibility (DEIA) principles who are concerned that these stances could result in negative performance evaluations or even losing their jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need legal protection,” Blanken said in an interview with EdSource on Oct. 12.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, the Board of Governors for the California Community Colleges adopted new regulations requiring local districts to evaluate employees, including faculty, on their competency in working with a diverse student population. Local districts were required to be in compliance last month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Blanken disagrees with the DEIA policy’s premise that racism is embedded in institutions, including California’s community colleges, or in disciplines such as chemistry, math and physics. He argues that these fields should be taught in a way that is race- and gender-neutral. That is at the crux of the lawsuit by the six plaintiffs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Jill Wagner, spokesperson, State Center Community College District\"]‘DEIA initiatives have sparked many important conversations spanning decades, and as this issue continues to evolve, efforts to address them will continue to be at the forefront.’[/pullquote]Filed by free speech advocacy group Foundation for Individual Rights and Expression (FIRE), \u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://www.thefire.org/news/lawsuit-fire-sues-stop-california-forcing-professors-teach-dei\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https://www.thefire.org/news/lawsuit-fire-sues-stop-california-forcing-professors-teach-dei\">the suit\u003c/a> names California Community College Chancellor Sonya Christian, the board of governors of the California Community Colleges as well as the chancellor and governing board of State Center Community College District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A related suit, filed in June on behalf of Bakersfield College history professor Daymon Johnson, targets the chancellor and board of the Kern Community College District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Center Community College District, which serves Fresno and surrounding central San Joaquin Valley communities, is one of the first districts in the state to include these new diversity requirements in its \u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://www.scccd.edu/_uploaded-files/documents/scccd-scft-agreement-ft-2022-2025-05.9.23-accessible-copy.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">latest faculty contract (PDF)\u003c/a>. The district said in a statement that it will defend its implementation of the state’s DEIA regulations and its collaborative effort with the State Center Federation of Teachers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The District now and forever will be a welcoming place for a diverse population, with a commitment to access and inclusion,” wrote Jill Wagner, spokesperson for State Center Community College District. “DEIA initiatives have sparked many important conversations spanning decades, and as this issue continues to evolve, efforts to address them will continue to be at the forefront.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The district’s new evaluation process requires instructional faculty to demonstrate “teaching and learning practices that reflect DEIA and anti-racist principles,” in addition to a written self-evaluation on the faculty’s “understanding” of DEIA competencies and “anti-racist principles,” with the goal of improving “equitable student outcomes and course completion.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How these principles will play out in the next rounds of evaluation is still uncertain. Blanken said he has not received guidance from his department. A September memo by State Center’s human resources department noted that the district and academic senate have yet to develop uniform training guidelines for evaluations, and that meanwhile, “evaluatees should, in good faith, review the language in the contract and do their best to speak to how they have demonstrated or shown progress toward practices that embrace the DEIA principles.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Daniel Ortner, the FIRE attorney representing the State Center professors said, “That’s not good enough when free speech is on the line.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ortner added that broad, undefined regulations could have a “chilling effect” on speech in the classroom. Plaintiffs are particularly concerned about a \u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://www.asccc.org/sites/default/files/CCC_DEI-in-Curriculum_Model_Principles_and_Practices_June_2022.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">framework released by the California Community College Curriculum Committee (PDF)\u003c/a> that warns professors not to “‘weaponize’ academic freedom and academic integrity in an academic discipline or inflict curricular trauma” on historically marginalized students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the suit, plaintiffs said they have changed the way they teach their classes this semester because of the new DEIA policies. Loren Palsgaard, English professor at Madera Community College, said he will no longer assign texts that contain racial slurs, including Martin Luther King Jr.’s “Letter from Birmingham Jail” and works by William Faulkner and Flannery O’Connor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A response filed on Oct. 2 by California Attorney General Rob Bonta, on behalf of the chancellor and the board of governors challenges the claim the DEIA policies bar professors from using these texts, adding that this framework is not binding and only provides a reference for college districts creating their own DEIA policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The guidance “expresses competencies the Chancellor’s Office endorses, but does not require,” wrote Melissa Villarin, spokesperson for the state Chancellor’s Office. “The regulations do not impose penalties on district employees. They are intended to contribute to employee professional development.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Erwin Chemerinsky, dean of the UC Berkeley School of Law, said that it is well within a college’s rights to not only prescribe the curriculum for courses but to insist that faculty be sensitive to teaching a diverse student body. He added, however, that schools cannot require that faculty espouse a particular viewpoint in their teaching.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The question is whether this is more the former than the latter,” Chemerinsky wrote in an email to EdSource, adding that he believes the government has a strong argument that this is within its realm of prescribing a curriculum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is hard to say on this record that the First Amendment has been violated,” Chemerisky wrote. “It would be different if a teacher was being disciplined and bringing a challenge.” None of the plaintiffs in the suits has been disciplined.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Daniel Ortner, FIRE attorney representing State Center professors\"]‘A lot of colleges have anti-discrimination protections that make students feel welcome, such as tutoring, mentoring. There are a lot of things that you can do that don’t impinge on free speech.’[/pullquote]A separate \u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://www.ifs.org/cases/johnson-v-watkin/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https://www.ifs.org/cases/johnson-v-watkin/\">suit\u003c/a>, filed by the Institute for Free Speech on behalf of Bakersfield College professor Daymon Johnson, points to the firing of Matthew Garrett, a professor who had been critical of DEIA initiatives. Garrett was not subject to new DEIA policies affecting faculty evaluations. However, Johnson’s suit claims that he worries that he, too, could lose his job, because he shares many of the same conservative values and anti-DEIA stances as Garrett.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Kern Community College District said in a statement that Garrett was not terminated because of his opinions on DEIA or other free speech issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Matthew Garrett was terminated after a lengthy and detailed examination of his disciplinary violations at Bakersfield College,” said district spokesperson Norma Rojas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plaintiffs in both suits have asked the court for a preliminary injunction that would prevent the California Community Colleges’ DEIA policy — as well as State Center Community College District’s faculty contract — from going into immediate effect. The request remains pending in federal court, and no hearing date is currently set.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ortner said he is not aware of any other lawsuits from California’s 116 community colleges that are targeting the new DEIA policies, but he’s keeping his eye on the issue statewide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of colleges have anti-discrimination protections that make students feel welcome, such as tutoring, mentoring. There are a lot of things that you can do that don’t impinge on free speech,” Ortner said. “California colleges are much more aggressive and forward in advocating for these principles.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2023/community-college-professors-allege-new-diversity-policies-infringe-on-academic-freedom/699920\">This story originally appeared in EdSource.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":" A lawsuit, filed in August, describes the plaintiffs as critics of anti-racism and diversity, equity, inclusion and accessibility (DEIA) principles who are concerned that these stances could result in negative performance evaluations or even losing their jobs.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1705885162,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":28,"wordCount":1353},"headData":{"title":"Community College Professors Allege New Diversity Policies Infringe on Academic Freedom | KQED","description":" A lawsuit, filed in August, describes the plaintiffs as critics of anti-racism and diversity, equity, inclusion and accessibility (DEIA) principles who are concerned that these stances could result in negative performance evaluations or even losing their jobs.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Community College Professors Allege New Diversity Policies Infringe on Academic Freedom","datePublished":"2023-11-05T14:00:46.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-22T00:59:22.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"source":"edsource","sourceUrl":"https://edsource.org/","sticky":false,"nprByline":"\u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/author/egallegos\">Emma Gallegos\u003c/a>","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11966417/community-college-professors-allege-new-diversity-policies-infringe-on-academic-freedom","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Bill Blanken, a chemistry professor at Reedley College, said a new diversity and equity policy in California’s community colleges amounts to a “loyalty oath” and “compelled speech” that runs afoul of free speech and academic freedom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Blanken, along with five other tenured professors in State Center Community College District, are challenging new California Community College diversity policies that change the way employees are evaluated. A lawsuit, filed in August, describes the plaintiffs as critics of anti-racism and diversity, equity, inclusion and accessibility (DEIA) principles who are concerned that these stances could result in negative performance evaluations or even losing their jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need legal protection,” Blanken said in an interview with EdSource on Oct. 12.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, the Board of Governors for the California Community Colleges adopted new regulations requiring local districts to evaluate employees, including faculty, on their competency in working with a diverse student population. Local districts were required to be in compliance last month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Blanken disagrees with the DEIA policy’s premise that racism is embedded in institutions, including California’s community colleges, or in disciplines such as chemistry, math and physics. He argues that these fields should be taught in a way that is race- and gender-neutral. That is at the crux of the lawsuit by the six plaintiffs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘DEIA initiatives have sparked many important conversations spanning decades, and as this issue continues to evolve, efforts to address them will continue to be at the forefront.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"align":"right","size":"medium","citation":"Jill Wagner, spokesperson, State Center Community College District","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Filed by free speech advocacy group Foundation for Individual Rights and Expression (FIRE), \u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://www.thefire.org/news/lawsuit-fire-sues-stop-california-forcing-professors-teach-dei\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https://www.thefire.org/news/lawsuit-fire-sues-stop-california-forcing-professors-teach-dei\">the suit\u003c/a> names California Community College Chancellor Sonya Christian, the board of governors of the California Community Colleges as well as the chancellor and governing board of State Center Community College District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A related suit, filed in June on behalf of Bakersfield College history professor Daymon Johnson, targets the chancellor and board of the Kern Community College District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Center Community College District, which serves Fresno and surrounding central San Joaquin Valley communities, is one of the first districts in the state to include these new diversity requirements in its \u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://www.scccd.edu/_uploaded-files/documents/scccd-scft-agreement-ft-2022-2025-05.9.23-accessible-copy.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">latest faculty contract (PDF)\u003c/a>. The district said in a statement that it will defend its implementation of the state’s DEIA regulations and its collaborative effort with the State Center Federation of Teachers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The District now and forever will be a welcoming place for a diverse population, with a commitment to access and inclusion,” wrote Jill Wagner, spokesperson for State Center Community College District. “DEIA initiatives have sparked many important conversations spanning decades, and as this issue continues to evolve, efforts to address them will continue to be at the forefront.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The district’s new evaluation process requires instructional faculty to demonstrate “teaching and learning practices that reflect DEIA and anti-racist principles,” in addition to a written self-evaluation on the faculty’s “understanding” of DEIA competencies and “anti-racist principles,” with the goal of improving “equitable student outcomes and course completion.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How these principles will play out in the next rounds of evaluation is still uncertain. Blanken said he has not received guidance from his department. A September memo by State Center’s human resources department noted that the district and academic senate have yet to develop uniform training guidelines for evaluations, and that meanwhile, “evaluatees should, in good faith, review the language in the contract and do their best to speak to how they have demonstrated or shown progress toward practices that embrace the DEIA principles.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Daniel Ortner, the FIRE attorney representing the State Center professors said, “That’s not good enough when free speech is on the line.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ortner added that broad, undefined regulations could have a “chilling effect” on speech in the classroom. Plaintiffs are particularly concerned about a \u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://www.asccc.org/sites/default/files/CCC_DEI-in-Curriculum_Model_Principles_and_Practices_June_2022.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">framework released by the California Community College Curriculum Committee (PDF)\u003c/a> that warns professors not to “‘weaponize’ academic freedom and academic integrity in an academic discipline or inflict curricular trauma” on historically marginalized students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the suit, plaintiffs said they have changed the way they teach their classes this semester because of the new DEIA policies. Loren Palsgaard, English professor at Madera Community College, said he will no longer assign texts that contain racial slurs, including Martin Luther King Jr.’s “Letter from Birmingham Jail” and works by William Faulkner and Flannery O’Connor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A response filed on Oct. 2 by California Attorney General Rob Bonta, on behalf of the chancellor and the board of governors challenges the claim the DEIA policies bar professors from using these texts, adding that this framework is not binding and only provides a reference for college districts creating their own DEIA policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The guidance “expresses competencies the Chancellor’s Office endorses, but does not require,” wrote Melissa Villarin, spokesperson for the state Chancellor’s Office. “The regulations do not impose penalties on district employees. They are intended to contribute to employee professional development.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Erwin Chemerinsky, dean of the UC Berkeley School of Law, said that it is well within a college’s rights to not only prescribe the curriculum for courses but to insist that faculty be sensitive to teaching a diverse student body. He added, however, that schools cannot require that faculty espouse a particular viewpoint in their teaching.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The question is whether this is more the former than the latter,” Chemerinsky wrote in an email to EdSource, adding that he believes the government has a strong argument that this is within its realm of prescribing a curriculum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is hard to say on this record that the First Amendment has been violated,” Chemerisky wrote. “It would be different if a teacher was being disciplined and bringing a challenge.” None of the plaintiffs in the suits has been disciplined.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘A lot of colleges have anti-discrimination protections that make students feel welcome, such as tutoring, mentoring. There are a lot of things that you can do that don’t impinge on free speech.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"align":"right","size":"medium","citation":"Daniel Ortner, FIRE attorney representing State Center professors","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>A separate \u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://www.ifs.org/cases/johnson-v-watkin/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https://www.ifs.org/cases/johnson-v-watkin/\">suit\u003c/a>, filed by the Institute for Free Speech on behalf of Bakersfield College professor Daymon Johnson, points to the firing of Matthew Garrett, a professor who had been critical of DEIA initiatives. Garrett was not subject to new DEIA policies affecting faculty evaluations. However, Johnson’s suit claims that he worries that he, too, could lose his job, because he shares many of the same conservative values and anti-DEIA stances as Garrett.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Kern Community College District said in a statement that Garrett was not terminated because of his opinions on DEIA or other free speech issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Matthew Garrett was terminated after a lengthy and detailed examination of his disciplinary violations at Bakersfield College,” said district spokesperson Norma Rojas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plaintiffs in both suits have asked the court for a preliminary injunction that would prevent the California Community Colleges’ DEIA policy — as well as State Center Community College District’s faculty contract — from going into immediate effect. The request remains pending in federal court, and no hearing date is currently set.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ortner said he is not aware of any other lawsuits from California’s 116 community colleges that are targeting the new DEIA policies, but he’s keeping his eye on the issue statewide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of colleges have anti-discrimination protections that make students feel welcome, such as tutoring, mentoring. There are a lot of things that you can do that don’t impinge on free speech,” Ortner said. “California colleges are much more aggressive and forward in advocating for these principles.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2023/community-college-professors-allege-new-diversity-policies-infringe-on-academic-freedom/699920\">This story originally appeared in EdSource.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11966417/community-college-professors-allege-new-diversity-policies-infringe-on-academic-freedom","authors":["byline_news_11966417"],"categories":["news_18540","news_8"],"tags":["news_33446","news_25365","news_32395","news_33447","news_20013","news_21405","news_23960","news_18797","news_19970"],"featImg":"news_11966418","label":"source_news_11966417"},"news_11966229":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11966229","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11966229","score":null,"sort":[1698954612000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"more-community-colleges-in-california-are-scrapping-tuition","title":"More Community Colleges in California Are Scrapping Tuition","publishDate":1698954612,"format":"standard","headTitle":"More Community Colleges in California Are Scrapping Tuition | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Following a \u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2022/california-community-colleges-eye-a-different-future-amid-pandemic-disruption/681483\">steep drop\u003c/a> in enrollment during the pandemic, a growing number of community colleges in California are offering free tuition to draw more students and avoid losing funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tuition-free community college has been a reality for many students for several decades under the \u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://www.cccapply.org/en/money/california-college-promise-grant\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California College Promise Grant,\u003c/a> which waives tuition fees for eligible California residents, as well as those who are \u003ca href=\"https://icangotocollege.com/financial-aid/california-college-promise-grant#:~:text=CCPG%20gets%20awarded%20based%20on,under%20the%20California%20Dream%20Act.\">exempt from non-resident fees \u003c/a>under the California Dream Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For students who don’t qualify, community colleges can also dip into another pot of funding to waive tuition. The separate but similarly named \u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://www.cccco.edu/About-Us/Chancellors-Office/Divisions/Educational-Services-and-Support/Student-Service/What-we-do/California-Promise\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Promise\u003c/a>, created under Assembly Bill 19 in 2017, sets aside $46 million annually to be split among the state’s community colleges to support students — and many schools are now using those funds to waive tuition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of the current semester, all 116 California community college campuses offer some form of tuition-free education.[aside label=\"related coverage\" tag=\"community-college\"]That shift seems to be paying off. After years of pandemic-related enrollment decline, a growing number of community colleges across the state, from San Diego to San Jose, \u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2023/why-enrollment-is-rebounding-at-californias-community-colleges/697875\">reported significant increases\u003c/a> this fall. That comes after an 8% increase in enrollment last spring across the system of 116 colleges, according to \u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://edsource.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/2022_23-Enrollment-Memo-for-the-Chancellor_2023.9.21-2.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a memo prepared by the state chancellor’s office.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tuition-free move has also been well-received by students like Paige Stevens, who attends Folsom Lake College.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I didn’t even know about it. I was set up on a payment plan, paid my first payment, and then the next time I checked my balance, it said it was paid by the California College Promise Grant. I had to look it up,” Stevens said. “Now that I received this financial aid, I was super excited and enrolled in another two classes to take advantage.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some campuses have gone a step further and offered awards to students who may not qualify for the Promise Grant program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the 2020-21 semester, Diablo Valley College in Contra Costa County has been offering a “full-time free tuition award” that refunds tuition to students who are California residents, enrolled in at least 12 units, and are maintaining at least a 2.0 GPA and following an education plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“DVC is experiencing a moderate increase in enrollment this semester, and although many factors impact enrollment, we are confident that the college’s free tuition programs have played a role,” Marisa Greenberg, a spokesperson for the school, said in an email. “We know from conversations with students that receiving free tuition makes it possible for many students to either remain in college or to take more units, thereby accelerating their time to completing a degree or certificate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the \u003ca href=\"https://smccd.edu/freecollege/\">San Mateo County Community College District\u003c/a>, tuition has been waived for all students, regardless of income, since the fall 2022 semester. That year, about 1,500 more students enrolled in the district’s three campuses, as compared to the previous year — marking a roughly 9.5% increase, according to \u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://datamart.cccco.edu/students/Student_Headcount_Term_Annual.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Chancellor’s Office data\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The district’s ad campaign, as seen in mailers and online ads, has focused heavily on the free-tuition offering.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chabot College in Hayward also recently implemented tuition-free enrollment for first-year students, regardless of income.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At Chabot College, we understand that the ability to pay or offset college expenses yields a greater probability of enrollment,” President Jamal A. Cooks said in an email. “We wanted to make sure to break down the barriers to postsecondary education,” he added, noting that college offers a path to social mobility.\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003cbr>\nThe growing free-tuition trend comes as community colleges are increasingly feeling pressure to rebuild their student ranks to near pre-pandemic levels to avoid cuts from the state, which, starting in 2025, will largely base funding on enrollment numbers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chip Woerner, a spokesperson for Los Positas College, said that offering free tuition allows the school to offer students access to other key services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A tuition-free campaign … opens a conversation with students about the many resources available to them at our college,” he said in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Joshua Picazo is majoring in media studies at UC Berkeley and is a member of EdSource’s \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/california-student-journalism-corps\">\u003cem>California Student Journalism Corps\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2023/tuition-free-access-expanding-across-california-community-college-campuses/699832\">This story originally published on EdSource\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"After a sharp drop in community college enrollment during the pandemic, a growing number of campuses are now waiving tuition to attract more students and avoid funding cuts.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1698954612,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":18,"wordCount":745},"headData":{"title":"More Community Colleges in California Are Scrapping Tuition | KQED","description":"After a sharp drop in community college enrollment during the pandemic, a growing number of campuses are now waiving tuition to attract more students and avoid funding cuts.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"More Community Colleges in California Are Scrapping Tuition","datePublished":"2023-11-02T19:50:12.000Z","dateModified":"2023-11-02T19:50:12.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"source":"\u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/\">EdSource\u003c/a>","nprByline":"\u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/california-student-journalism-corps#:~:text=Joshua%20Picazo%20is,online%20campus%20editions.\">Joshua Picazo\u003c/a>\u003cbr>Ed","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11966229/more-community-colleges-in-california-are-scrapping-tuition","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Following a \u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2022/california-community-colleges-eye-a-different-future-amid-pandemic-disruption/681483\">steep drop\u003c/a> in enrollment during the pandemic, a growing number of community colleges in California are offering free tuition to draw more students and avoid losing funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tuition-free community college has been a reality for many students for several decades under the \u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://www.cccapply.org/en/money/california-college-promise-grant\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California College Promise Grant,\u003c/a> which waives tuition fees for eligible California residents, as well as those who are \u003ca href=\"https://icangotocollege.com/financial-aid/california-college-promise-grant#:~:text=CCPG%20gets%20awarded%20based%20on,under%20the%20California%20Dream%20Act.\">exempt from non-resident fees \u003c/a>under the California Dream Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For students who don’t qualify, community colleges can also dip into another pot of funding to waive tuition. The separate but similarly named \u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://www.cccco.edu/About-Us/Chancellors-Office/Divisions/Educational-Services-and-Support/Student-Service/What-we-do/California-Promise\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Promise\u003c/a>, created under Assembly Bill 19 in 2017, sets aside $46 million annually to be split among the state’s community colleges to support students — and many schools are now using those funds to waive tuition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of the current semester, all 116 California community college campuses offer some form of tuition-free education.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"related coverage ","tag":"community-college"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>That shift seems to be paying off. After years of pandemic-related enrollment decline, a growing number of community colleges across the state, from San Diego to San Jose, \u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2023/why-enrollment-is-rebounding-at-californias-community-colleges/697875\">reported significant increases\u003c/a> this fall. That comes after an 8% increase in enrollment last spring across the system of 116 colleges, according to \u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://edsource.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/2022_23-Enrollment-Memo-for-the-Chancellor_2023.9.21-2.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a memo prepared by the state chancellor’s office.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tuition-free move has also been well-received by students like Paige Stevens, who attends Folsom Lake College.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I didn’t even know about it. I was set up on a payment plan, paid my first payment, and then the next time I checked my balance, it said it was paid by the California College Promise Grant. I had to look it up,” Stevens said. “Now that I received this financial aid, I was super excited and enrolled in another two classes to take advantage.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some campuses have gone a step further and offered awards to students who may not qualify for the Promise Grant program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the 2020-21 semester, Diablo Valley College in Contra Costa County has been offering a “full-time free tuition award” that refunds tuition to students who are California residents, enrolled in at least 12 units, and are maintaining at least a 2.0 GPA and following an education plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“DVC is experiencing a moderate increase in enrollment this semester, and although many factors impact enrollment, we are confident that the college’s free tuition programs have played a role,” Marisa Greenberg, a spokesperson for the school, said in an email. “We know from conversations with students that receiving free tuition makes it possible for many students to either remain in college or to take more units, thereby accelerating their time to completing a degree or certificate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the \u003ca href=\"https://smccd.edu/freecollege/\">San Mateo County Community College District\u003c/a>, tuition has been waived for all students, regardless of income, since the fall 2022 semester. That year, about 1,500 more students enrolled in the district’s three campuses, as compared to the previous year — marking a roughly 9.5% increase, according to \u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://datamart.cccco.edu/students/Student_Headcount_Term_Annual.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Chancellor’s Office data\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The district’s ad campaign, as seen in mailers and online ads, has focused heavily on the free-tuition offering.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chabot College in Hayward also recently implemented tuition-free enrollment for first-year students, regardless of income.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At Chabot College, we understand that the ability to pay or offset college expenses yields a greater probability of enrollment,” President Jamal A. Cooks said in an email. “We wanted to make sure to break down the barriers to postsecondary education,” he added, noting that college offers a path to social mobility.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cbr>\nThe growing free-tuition trend comes as community colleges are increasingly feeling pressure to rebuild their student ranks to near pre-pandemic levels to avoid cuts from the state, which, starting in 2025, will largely base funding on enrollment numbers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chip Woerner, a spokesperson for Los Positas College, said that offering free tuition allows the school to offer students access to other key services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A tuition-free campaign … opens a conversation with students about the many resources available to them at our college,” he said in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Joshua Picazo is majoring in media studies at UC Berkeley and is a member of EdSource’s \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/california-student-journalism-corps\">\u003cem>California Student Journalism Corps\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2023/tuition-free-access-expanding-across-california-community-college-campuses/699832\">This story originally published on EdSource\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11966229/more-community-colleges-in-california-are-scrapping-tuition","authors":["byline_news_11966229"],"categories":["news_18540","news_8"],"tags":["news_20334","news_20652","news_25365"],"featImg":"news_11966235","label":"source_news_11966229"},"news_11956322":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11956322","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11956322","score":null,"sort":[1690231800000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"california-community-college-students-face-tough-barriers-when-transferring","title":"California Community College Students Face Tough Barriers When Transferring","publishDate":1690231800,"format":"standard","headTitle":"California Community College Students Face Tough Barriers When Transferring | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Jacob Beeman’s transfer goals were pushed back by about a year because he was taking the wrong community college classes to transfer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I had been jumping through all these hoops to try and get the right classes I needed to transfer and going off the advice of people who I trusted to know what they were doing,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Except Beeman, 26, who was interested in transferring into the University of California system to study chemical engineering, said he was incorrectly advised by three different advisers while attending Fresno City College.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Different advisers thought I needed one particular class — a communications class,” he said. “And then I found out later that that particular class UC didn’t accept, so I had to sign up for another one. And then I was told the UC doesn’t actually require a communications class at all.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beeman’s experience is familiar to many students. A recent EdSource special report, “\u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2023/despite-decades-of-calls-to-action-california-community-college-students-face-roadblocks-to-transfer/689984\">A broken system of university transfers\u003c/a>,” detailed the barriers for students who want to transfer into the state’s public universities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a\u003ca href=\"https://collegecampaign.org/wp-content/uploads/imported-files/Chutes-or-Ladders-final-web.pdf\"> 2021 study (PDF)\u003c/a> found, only 2.5% actually do so in two years or less and 23% in four years or less. EdSource also conducted a survey of current and former students, which revealed that over half had difficulties with the transfer process. The responses reflect the problems that the state, universities and two-year colleges have addressed or are working to improve but former and current students say they continue to experience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it came to understanding the courses they needed to take to transfer, among 586 respondents, more than 52% agreed with Beeman that the process was difficult to understand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most current students indicated they had successfully transferred to a four-year university, but nearly half said they had found the transfer process difficult to understand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Do you agree with this statement: The transfer process from a community college to a university is easy to understand\" aria-label=\"Bar Chart\" id=\"datawrapper-chart-u1H78\" src=\"https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/u1H78/1/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"width: 0; min-width: 100% !important; border: none;\" height=\"300\" data-external=\"1\" width=\"100%\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 700 people responded, with 45% identifying as current students and nearly 47% as former students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After his experience, Beeman said his attitude about transfer changed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It empowered me to take it into my own hands,” said Beeman who started by reading the detailed transfer agreements between the California community colleges, the California State University system and the UC system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Jacob Beeman, incoming UC Riverside student\"]‘I had been jumping through all these hoops to try and get the right classes I needed to transfer and going off the advice of people who I trusted to know what they were doing.’[/pullquote]\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beeman said it wasn’t easy. He would compare the agreements to figure out which classes he needed and return to the transfer center to see if they agreed with his assessment. Finally, he was able to put together a plan that worked for him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beeman graduated from Fresno City College this spring with plans to attend UC Riverside this fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aisha Lowe, the community college system’s vice chancellor for educational services, said she understands students’ frustrations and confusion with the transfer process. She cited “local authority” that allows individual CSU campuses to determine whether certain associate degrees will be accepted for transfer into their campus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It really leaves our students in a position where if they want to be competitive, they end up taking a multiplicity of courses so that they can align to a diversity of requirements across any particular set of university institutions that they’re trying to gain admissions into,” Lowe said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC also makes its own rules about transfers and last week declared its opposition to automatically admitting students who complete an “associate degree for transfer,” saying it would leave some students unprepared for their majors because they would enter lacking required courses. CSU has adopted the pathway, and lawmakers are pushing it as a way to ease transfer from community colleges to the nine UC campuses.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Years to transfer\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>For some community college students, current and former, it’s taken years or even decades to complete their transfer goal. Among current students who took the survey, more than 68% reported it’s taking them more than two years to complete their community college degree, with nearly 8% of them reporting it’s taking more than four years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Marvin Espinoza, current CSU San Bernardino student\"]‘I was working full-time and going to school at night. Most of my classmates relied heavily on each other to keep informed.’[/pullquote]Marvin Espinoza said he found there was little support for working students when he first enrolled in community college in 1991. He would eventually transfer to CSU Dominguez Hills in 1997.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was working full-time and going to school at night,” he said. “Most of my classmates relied heavily on each other to keep informed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Espinoza, who was also supporting a family while in college, said he ultimately transferred with more than 100 credit hours because, at the time, he had to take a host of remedial classes, which don’t offer credit. The vast majority of remedial education in California’s community colleges was\u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2022/dozens-of-community-colleges-offer-remedial-classes-bill-to-ban-them-awaits-newsoms-signature/677640\"> banned only\u003c/a> last year when Gov. Gavin Newsom signed Assembly Bill 1705.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was very discouraging,” said Espinoza, who dropped and withdrew from a variety of classes during his community college time while studying child development at LA Southwest. After being placed on academic probation, Espinoza had to appeal to the college that he would gradually pass his classes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I wanted to get out of there,” he said, adding that it was his determination and his work within Los Angeles Unified School District to move up the career ladder that encouraged him to get his degree and pursue a transfer. At the time, Espinoza worked as a teaching aide and traveling playground supervisor for the school district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, Espinoza is pursuing his doctoral degree from CSU San Bernardino where he’s working on a dissertation examining the experiences of Black and Latino males’ transitioning to college. Espinoza, who describes himself as Black, said he wants to use his experience to help other men of color earn their degrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most respondents — nearly 77% of 648 of them — said they took breaks or dropped out of college for financial, academic, family or work obligations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It took Arlene Del Bene nearly 40 years, and three community colleges, to eventually transfer to UC Davis. She first enrolled in Hartnell College shortly after graduating from high school in 1979.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label='More on California Community Colleges' tag='california-community-colleges']“I had always wanted to go to UC, even when I was in high school,” Del Bene said. “I’m a first-generation college student, or at least I was at the time. I was the oldest in my family, but I didn’t know how to get (to UC).”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Del Bene said there wasn’t a road map for transferring. And eventually, other priorities like getting married, having children, and maintaining a job became more important.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Del Bene watched her younger siblings and children attend and graduate from college. But she remained determined to earn a UC degree.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It wasn’t until 2000 that Del Bene enrolled once again at Los Medanos College to try to transfer again. By then she had four children and was working full-time. It would be another 15 years before she would transfer to UC Davis in 2015, where she earned her bachelor’s degree in psychology in 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The importance of counseling\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Out of 648 respondents, nearly 82% reported they had an adviser who guided them in selecting their college courses. And of the 18% of respondents who said they didn’t have an adviser, 32% said having help would have made the process easier for them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Do you agree with this statement: It is or was easy to schedule a timely appointment with my counselor or adviser\" aria-label=\"Bar Chart\" id=\"datawrapper-chart-1mZg8\" src=\"https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/1mZg8/1/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"width: 0; min-width: 100% !important; border: none;\" height=\"300\" data-external=\"1\" width=\"100%\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mauricio Gonzalez became so disillusioned with California’s transfer process, both as a student and later as a college counselor, that he decided to do something about it: He left his job to launch a tech startup to help students navigate the college experience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gonzalez, originally from King City in Salinas Valley, enrolled at Cuesta College in 1994.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Mauricio Gonzalez, college counselor\"]‘I’m going straight to the students and their families. My wife and I said enough is enough. We left our jobs to revolutionize how people survive higher ed. And I say ‘survive’ because it’s survival.’[/pullquote]A first-generation college student, Gonzalez said he likely would have dropped out if not for Janet Flores, a counselor he met by chance at Cuesta. Flores, who was Latina, helped keep him motivated and eventually became his mentor. Before being introduced to Flores, Gonzalez said he never met faculty or staff “who resembled me” or who understood him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She understood why I didn’t really have a goal or a plan. She understood all that, and she took me under her wing and started counseling me,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Gonzalez entered college, he didn’t know what he wanted to study but decided on Chicano studies after Flores introduced him to her own undergraduate major.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Before those classes, I never saw my people in history books. I was only taught white history. We were taught that we are farmworkers, that we are the labor, that we are the cleaners of the home, the construction workers. But those classes changed my life. I now understood systematic racism and discrimination,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He eventually transferred to Sonoma State University and, drawing inspiration from Flores, would go on to get his master’s degree in counseling at San Jose State.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since finishing his master’s in 2001, Gonzalez has worked as a counselor at community colleges, most recently at Sacramento City College. But he became discouraged when, as one of 10 counselors, he could only see a maximum of 10 students a day for 30 minutes at a time. It wasn’t enough time with students, and Gonzalez realized that most students aren’t fortunate enough to build relationships with counselors like he did with Flores.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s hoping he can make more of an impact with his new company, called \u003ca href=\"https://inspirame.com/\">Inspirame\u003c/a> — or “inspire me” in Spanish. One of its main features is to take information about courses and degree programs and simplify it for students. Students can also find out what financial aid they are eligible to receive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m going straight to the students and their families. My wife and I said enough is enough. We left our jobs to revolutionize how people survive higher ed. And I say ‘survive’ because it’s survival,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Confusing pathways\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Confusion over what courses to take also affects students who return to community colleges for advanced training.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Laura Jennings had already had her teaching degree when she moved from Delaware to California with her military husband. But, in order to continue teaching special education in the state, Jennings needed certifications in autism and English as a second language. So, in 2013, she enrolled at Solano Community College near Travis Air Force Base, where her husband was stationed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Laura Jennings, special education teacher\"]‘Figuring out which classes to take was difficult and the advisers really had no clue about state licensure or how any of the courses related to what I was trying to accomplish in terms of career movement. That was frustrating.’[/pullquote]“Figuring out which classes to take was difficult and the advisers really had no clue about state licensure or how any of the courses related to what I was trying to accomplish in terms of career movement,” Jennings, 41, said. “That was frustrating.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jennings, who worked as a teacher on a provisional license at the time, said she contacted the military veterans representative in Solano County for help and reached out to the state’s teacher credentialing office, which eventually helped her figure out that she needed six autism and eight ESL classes. But Solano’s class schedules required her to take them one at a time, which meant finishing in two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I always did look at the community college and thinking this is the place where you get the lowest cost, and usually you can enroll, do the class, and be done,” she said. “You don’t have to do the huge admissions process of a university, but it’s just really hard to get classes that you want at the time that you want them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jennings learned that she could finish the credentials online in one year at the former non-profit Brandman University, now UMass Global. Although choosing a private, nonprofit or for-profit institution tends to cost students more than attending a community college, Jennings said she worked as a teacher on a provisional license and her school covered her tuition costs. Jennings said she also didn’t qualify for any financial aid at the community college because she already had a degree and is married.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Maybe if I was about to get my degree, I would’ve advocated more and said, ‘Hey, we need to change this, it needs to be easier,” Jennings said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jennings was among the 5% who said they did not complete their program or degree. She ended up becoming a website builder with skills she learned from Google training through Coursera, an open online learning platform that partners with businesses, universities and colleges to provide degrees and certifications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would rather have taken those classes in person, too,” she said. “But the community colleges don’t really offer those accelerated programs that are online.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A smooth transfer for some\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Despite the barriers to transfer, 36% of respondents said it was easy for them to understand which courses they needed to take for transfer, of which nearly 8% reported it was extremely easy to understand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How easy was/is it for you to know which courses are needed for transfer?\" aria-label=\"Bar Chart\" id=\"datawrapper-chart-cxior\" src=\"https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/cxior/1/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"width: 0; min-width: 100% !important; border: none;\" height=\"274\" data-external=\"1\" width=\"100%\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A transfer system often described as complex and confusing was anything but that for Alex Moxon, something he attributes to his counselors at Butte College.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moxon started at the University of Arizona, but after a semester returned to his hometown near Chico and enrolled in 2019 at Butte.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While at Butte, Moxon met regularly with an adviser who helped guide him through his computer science bachelor’s degree.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When I first showed up for orientation, I met with this adviser and she asked me what my goals were and what I was thinking degree-wise and where I wanted to go. And based on that, she gave me a road map of what classes I needed to take and which ones would transfer to CSU,” Moxon said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moxon said he met in person with that adviser every semester. On top of that, he got regular emails from her as she checked in to see how his classes were going and make sure he was staying on track. Once he got to Chico State, he had a similarly positive experience with the computer science faculty, who held workshops and provided him with road maps each semester so he knew what classes to take. He graduated in 2021 and now works for American Express as a software engineer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11956340\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11956340\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/EdSourceCommunityCollege01.jpg\" alt=\"The outside of a community college student services building. It's a large, gray building with many windows. College students are seen with backpacks entering and exiting the building on a sunny day.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/EdSourceCommunityCollege01.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/EdSourceCommunityCollege01-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/EdSourceCommunityCollege01-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/EdSourceCommunityCollege01-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/EdSourceCommunityCollege01-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Students walk around campus at East Los Angeles College on Tuesday, Sept. 27, 2022 in Los Angeles. \u003ccite>(Dania Maxwell/Los Angeles Times via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>His only complaint about the process was having to hand-deliver his transcripts to Chico State after two attempts by mail, a snafu his roommates faced as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tatiana Torres, who was recently accepted as a transfer student to UC Berkeley for this fall, also described her experience as mostly positive. She credits this to her assertive nature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Growing up in Contra Costa County, Torres always dreamed of attending Berkeley. Her aunt, the first in their family to go to college, attended Berkeley. Torres’ dad would also often take her to volleyball games at Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label='More Stories on the UC System' tag='university-of-california']After Torres was rejected from most of UC’s campuses when she was a senior in high school, she decided to attend a community college, Los Medanos, and try to transfer to Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Torres aimed to finish her classes at Los Medanos within one year, an ambitious but doable goal because she entered with 23 credits from Advanced Placement and dual enrollment classes she took in high school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Transferring within one year was “really stressful,” said Torres, who took classes last summer and over the winter term. Among the most challenging tasks was making sure she was taking the specific courses she needed for her political science major.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Torres said she would often show up at the transfer center at Los Medanos, ask to meet with counselors and “ask a lot of questions.” She also joined a mentorship program and got paired with a student from Berkeley who had successfully transferred. Torres said she talked to her mentor “all the time” and the two of them worked tirelessly on the essays that Torres submitted as part of her application, which she felt were crucial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She was ultimately accepted both at Berkeley and at UC Davis and chose to enroll at Berkeley, where she begins classes in August.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You definitely have to go out, and you have to look for resources and advocate for yourself,” Torres said of the transfer process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2023/transferring-from-california-community-colleges-its-a-tough-road-edsource-survey-finds/693791\">This story originally appeared in EdSource.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A 2021 study found that just 2.5% of students transfer to California state colleges in 2 years or less.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1690490014,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":true,"iframeSrcs":["https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/u1H78/1/","https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/1mZg8/1/","https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/cxior/1/"],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":71,"wordCount":3012},"headData":{"title":"California Community College Students Face Tough Barriers When Transferring | KQED","description":"A 2021 study found that just 2.5% of students transfer to California state colleges in 2 years or less.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"California Community College Students Face Tough Barriers When Transferring","datePublished":"2023-07-24T20:50:00.000Z","dateModified":"2023-07-27T20:33:34.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"source":"EdSource","sourceUrl":"https://edsource.org/","nprByline":"\u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2023/transferring-from-california-community-colleges-its-a-tough-road-edsource-survey-finds/693791\">Ashley A. Smith and Michael Burke\u003c/a>","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11956322/california-community-college-students-face-tough-barriers-when-transferring","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Jacob Beeman’s transfer goals were pushed back by about a year because he was taking the wrong community college classes to transfer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I had been jumping through all these hoops to try and get the right classes I needed to transfer and going off the advice of people who I trusted to know what they were doing,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Except Beeman, 26, who was interested in transferring into the University of California system to study chemical engineering, said he was incorrectly advised by three different advisers while attending Fresno City College.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Different advisers thought I needed one particular class — a communications class,” he said. “And then I found out later that that particular class UC didn’t accept, so I had to sign up for another one. And then I was told the UC doesn’t actually require a communications class at all.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beeman’s experience is familiar to many students. A recent EdSource special report, “\u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2023/despite-decades-of-calls-to-action-california-community-college-students-face-roadblocks-to-transfer/689984\">A broken system of university transfers\u003c/a>,” detailed the barriers for students who want to transfer into the state’s public universities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a\u003ca href=\"https://collegecampaign.org/wp-content/uploads/imported-files/Chutes-or-Ladders-final-web.pdf\"> 2021 study (PDF)\u003c/a> found, only 2.5% actually do so in two years or less and 23% in four years or less. EdSource also conducted a survey of current and former students, which revealed that over half had difficulties with the transfer process. The responses reflect the problems that the state, universities and two-year colleges have addressed or are working to improve but former and current students say they continue to experience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it came to understanding the courses they needed to take to transfer, among 586 respondents, more than 52% agreed with Beeman that the process was difficult to understand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most current students indicated they had successfully transferred to a four-year university, but nearly half said they had found the transfer process difficult to understand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Do you agree with this statement: The transfer process from a community college to a university is easy to understand\" aria-label=\"Bar Chart\" id=\"datawrapper-chart-u1H78\" src=\"https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/u1H78/1/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"width: 0; min-width: 100% !important; border: none;\" height=\"300\" data-external=\"1\" width=\"100%\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 700 people responded, with 45% identifying as current students and nearly 47% as former students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After his experience, Beeman said his attitude about transfer changed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It empowered me to take it into my own hands,” said Beeman who started by reading the detailed transfer agreements between the California community colleges, the California State University system and the UC system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘I had been jumping through all these hoops to try and get the right classes I needed to transfer and going off the advice of people who I trusted to know what they were doing.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Jacob Beeman, incoming UC Riverside student","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beeman said it wasn’t easy. He would compare the agreements to figure out which classes he needed and return to the transfer center to see if they agreed with his assessment. Finally, he was able to put together a plan that worked for him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beeman graduated from Fresno City College this spring with plans to attend UC Riverside this fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aisha Lowe, the community college system’s vice chancellor for educational services, said she understands students’ frustrations and confusion with the transfer process. She cited “local authority” that allows individual CSU campuses to determine whether certain associate degrees will be accepted for transfer into their campus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It really leaves our students in a position where if they want to be competitive, they end up taking a multiplicity of courses so that they can align to a diversity of requirements across any particular set of university institutions that they’re trying to gain admissions into,” Lowe said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC also makes its own rules about transfers and last week declared its opposition to automatically admitting students who complete an “associate degree for transfer,” saying it would leave some students unprepared for their majors because they would enter lacking required courses. CSU has adopted the pathway, and lawmakers are pushing it as a way to ease transfer from community colleges to the nine UC campuses.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Years to transfer\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>For some community college students, current and former, it’s taken years or even decades to complete their transfer goal. Among current students who took the survey, more than 68% reported it’s taking them more than two years to complete their community college degree, with nearly 8% of them reporting it’s taking more than four years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘I was working full-time and going to school at night. Most of my classmates relied heavily on each other to keep informed.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Marvin Espinoza, current CSU San Bernardino student","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Marvin Espinoza said he found there was little support for working students when he first enrolled in community college in 1991. He would eventually transfer to CSU Dominguez Hills in 1997.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was working full-time and going to school at night,” he said. “Most of my classmates relied heavily on each other to keep informed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Espinoza, who was also supporting a family while in college, said he ultimately transferred with more than 100 credit hours because, at the time, he had to take a host of remedial classes, which don’t offer credit. The vast majority of remedial education in California’s community colleges was\u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2022/dozens-of-community-colleges-offer-remedial-classes-bill-to-ban-them-awaits-newsoms-signature/677640\"> banned only\u003c/a> last year when Gov. Gavin Newsom signed Assembly Bill 1705.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was very discouraging,” said Espinoza, who dropped and withdrew from a variety of classes during his community college time while studying child development at LA Southwest. After being placed on academic probation, Espinoza had to appeal to the college that he would gradually pass his classes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I wanted to get out of there,” he said, adding that it was his determination and his work within Los Angeles Unified School District to move up the career ladder that encouraged him to get his degree and pursue a transfer. At the time, Espinoza worked as a teaching aide and traveling playground supervisor for the school district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, Espinoza is pursuing his doctoral degree from CSU San Bernardino where he’s working on a dissertation examining the experiences of Black and Latino males’ transitioning to college. Espinoza, who describes himself as Black, said he wants to use his experience to help other men of color earn their degrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most respondents — nearly 77% of 648 of them — said they took breaks or dropped out of college for financial, academic, family or work obligations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It took Arlene Del Bene nearly 40 years, and three community colleges, to eventually transfer to UC Davis. She first enrolled in Hartnell College shortly after graduating from high school in 1979.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"More on California Community Colleges ","tag":"california-community-colleges"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“I had always wanted to go to UC, even when I was in high school,” Del Bene said. “I’m a first-generation college student, or at least I was at the time. I was the oldest in my family, but I didn’t know how to get (to UC).”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Del Bene said there wasn’t a road map for transferring. And eventually, other priorities like getting married, having children, and maintaining a job became more important.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Del Bene watched her younger siblings and children attend and graduate from college. But she remained determined to earn a UC degree.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It wasn’t until 2000 that Del Bene enrolled once again at Los Medanos College to try to transfer again. By then she had four children and was working full-time. It would be another 15 years before she would transfer to UC Davis in 2015, where she earned her bachelor’s degree in psychology in 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The importance of counseling\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Out of 648 respondents, nearly 82% reported they had an adviser who guided them in selecting their college courses. And of the 18% of respondents who said they didn’t have an adviser, 32% said having help would have made the process easier for them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Do you agree with this statement: It is or was easy to schedule a timely appointment with my counselor or adviser\" aria-label=\"Bar Chart\" id=\"datawrapper-chart-1mZg8\" src=\"https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/1mZg8/1/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"width: 0; min-width: 100% !important; border: none;\" height=\"300\" data-external=\"1\" width=\"100%\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mauricio Gonzalez became so disillusioned with California’s transfer process, both as a student and later as a college counselor, that he decided to do something about it: He left his job to launch a tech startup to help students navigate the college experience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gonzalez, originally from King City in Salinas Valley, enrolled at Cuesta College in 1994.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘I’m going straight to the students and their families. My wife and I said enough is enough. We left our jobs to revolutionize how people survive higher ed. And I say ‘survive’ because it’s survival.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Mauricio Gonzalez, college counselor","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>A first-generation college student, Gonzalez said he likely would have dropped out if not for Janet Flores, a counselor he met by chance at Cuesta. Flores, who was Latina, helped keep him motivated and eventually became his mentor. Before being introduced to Flores, Gonzalez said he never met faculty or staff “who resembled me” or who understood him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She understood why I didn’t really have a goal or a plan. She understood all that, and she took me under her wing and started counseling me,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Gonzalez entered college, he didn’t know what he wanted to study but decided on Chicano studies after Flores introduced him to her own undergraduate major.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Before those classes, I never saw my people in history books. I was only taught white history. We were taught that we are farmworkers, that we are the labor, that we are the cleaners of the home, the construction workers. But those classes changed my life. I now understood systematic racism and discrimination,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He eventually transferred to Sonoma State University and, drawing inspiration from Flores, would go on to get his master’s degree in counseling at San Jose State.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since finishing his master’s in 2001, Gonzalez has worked as a counselor at community colleges, most recently at Sacramento City College. But he became discouraged when, as one of 10 counselors, he could only see a maximum of 10 students a day for 30 minutes at a time. It wasn’t enough time with students, and Gonzalez realized that most students aren’t fortunate enough to build relationships with counselors like he did with Flores.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s hoping he can make more of an impact with his new company, called \u003ca href=\"https://inspirame.com/\">Inspirame\u003c/a> — or “inspire me” in Spanish. One of its main features is to take information about courses and degree programs and simplify it for students. Students can also find out what financial aid they are eligible to receive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m going straight to the students and their families. My wife and I said enough is enough. We left our jobs to revolutionize how people survive higher ed. And I say ‘survive’ because it’s survival,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Confusing pathways\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Confusion over what courses to take also affects students who return to community colleges for advanced training.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Laura Jennings had already had her teaching degree when she moved from Delaware to California with her military husband. But, in order to continue teaching special education in the state, Jennings needed certifications in autism and English as a second language. So, in 2013, she enrolled at Solano Community College near Travis Air Force Base, where her husband was stationed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘Figuring out which classes to take was difficult and the advisers really had no clue about state licensure or how any of the courses related to what I was trying to accomplish in terms of career movement. That was frustrating.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Laura Jennings, special education teacher","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“Figuring out which classes to take was difficult and the advisers really had no clue about state licensure or how any of the courses related to what I was trying to accomplish in terms of career movement,” Jennings, 41, said. “That was frustrating.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jennings, who worked as a teacher on a provisional license at the time, said she contacted the military veterans representative in Solano County for help and reached out to the state’s teacher credentialing office, which eventually helped her figure out that she needed six autism and eight ESL classes. But Solano’s class schedules required her to take them one at a time, which meant finishing in two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I always did look at the community college and thinking this is the place where you get the lowest cost, and usually you can enroll, do the class, and be done,” she said. “You don’t have to do the huge admissions process of a university, but it’s just really hard to get classes that you want at the time that you want them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jennings learned that she could finish the credentials online in one year at the former non-profit Brandman University, now UMass Global. Although choosing a private, nonprofit or for-profit institution tends to cost students more than attending a community college, Jennings said she worked as a teacher on a provisional license and her school covered her tuition costs. Jennings said she also didn’t qualify for any financial aid at the community college because she already had a degree and is married.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Maybe if I was about to get my degree, I would’ve advocated more and said, ‘Hey, we need to change this, it needs to be easier,” Jennings said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jennings was among the 5% who said they did not complete their program or degree. She ended up becoming a website builder with skills she learned from Google training through Coursera, an open online learning platform that partners with businesses, universities and colleges to provide degrees and certifications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would rather have taken those classes in person, too,” she said. “But the community colleges don’t really offer those accelerated programs that are online.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A smooth transfer for some\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Despite the barriers to transfer, 36% of respondents said it was easy for them to understand which courses they needed to take for transfer, of which nearly 8% reported it was extremely easy to understand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How easy was/is it for you to know which courses are needed for transfer?\" aria-label=\"Bar Chart\" id=\"datawrapper-chart-cxior\" src=\"https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/cxior/1/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"width: 0; min-width: 100% !important; border: none;\" height=\"274\" data-external=\"1\" width=\"100%\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A transfer system often described as complex and confusing was anything but that for Alex Moxon, something he attributes to his counselors at Butte College.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moxon started at the University of Arizona, but after a semester returned to his hometown near Chico and enrolled in 2019 at Butte.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While at Butte, Moxon met regularly with an adviser who helped guide him through his computer science bachelor’s degree.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When I first showed up for orientation, I met with this adviser and she asked me what my goals were and what I was thinking degree-wise and where I wanted to go. And based on that, she gave me a road map of what classes I needed to take and which ones would transfer to CSU,” Moxon said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moxon said he met in person with that adviser every semester. On top of that, he got regular emails from her as she checked in to see how his classes were going and make sure he was staying on track. Once he got to Chico State, he had a similarly positive experience with the computer science faculty, who held workshops and provided him with road maps each semester so he knew what classes to take. He graduated in 2021 and now works for American Express as a software engineer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11956340\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11956340\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/EdSourceCommunityCollege01.jpg\" alt=\"The outside of a community college student services building. It's a large, gray building with many windows. College students are seen with backpacks entering and exiting the building on a sunny day.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/EdSourceCommunityCollege01.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/EdSourceCommunityCollege01-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/EdSourceCommunityCollege01-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/EdSourceCommunityCollege01-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/EdSourceCommunityCollege01-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Students walk around campus at East Los Angeles College on Tuesday, Sept. 27, 2022 in Los Angeles. \u003ccite>(Dania Maxwell/Los Angeles Times via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>His only complaint about the process was having to hand-deliver his transcripts to Chico State after two attempts by mail, a snafu his roommates faced as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tatiana Torres, who was recently accepted as a transfer student to UC Berkeley for this fall, also described her experience as mostly positive. She credits this to her assertive nature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Growing up in Contra Costa County, Torres always dreamed of attending Berkeley. Her aunt, the first in their family to go to college, attended Berkeley. Torres’ dad would also often take her to volleyball games at Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"More Stories on the UC System ","tag":"university-of-california"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>After Torres was rejected from most of UC’s campuses when she was a senior in high school, she decided to attend a community college, Los Medanos, and try to transfer to Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Torres aimed to finish her classes at Los Medanos within one year, an ambitious but doable goal because she entered with 23 credits from Advanced Placement and dual enrollment classes she took in high school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Transferring within one year was “really stressful,” said Torres, who took classes last summer and over the winter term. Among the most challenging tasks was making sure she was taking the specific courses she needed for her political science major.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Torres said she would often show up at the transfer center at Los Medanos, ask to meet with counselors and “ask a lot of questions.” She also joined a mentorship program and got paired with a student from Berkeley who had successfully transferred. Torres said she talked to her mentor “all the time” and the two of them worked tirelessly on the essays that Torres submitted as part of her application, which she felt were crucial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She was ultimately accepted both at Berkeley and at UC Davis and chose to enroll at Berkeley, where she begins classes in August.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You definitely have to go out, and you have to look for resources and advocate for yourself,” Torres said of the transfer process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2023/transferring-from-california-community-colleges-its-a-tough-road-edsource-survey-finds/693791\">This story originally appeared in EdSource.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11956322/california-community-college-students-face-tough-barriers-when-transferring","authors":["byline_news_11956322"],"categories":["news_18540","news_8"],"tags":["news_20334","news_31933","news_18085","news_22809","news_20652","news_25365","news_20013","news_28907","news_206"],"featImg":"news_11956341","label":"source_news_11956322"},"news_11949943":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11949943","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11949943","score":null,"sort":[1684444747000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"when-california-downsizes-prisons-incarcerated-people-are-shuffled-out-of-community-college-classes","title":"When California Downsizes Prisons, Incarcerated People Are Shuffled Out of Community College Classes","publishDate":1684444747,"format":"standard","headTitle":"When California Downsizes Prisons, Incarcerated People Are Shuffled Out of Community College Classes | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>As California closes three more prisons and downsizes six others, some people incarcerated there aren’t ready to go. They are worried about the future of their educations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For more than 1,500 incarcerated people who attend college in these facilities, closures mean they could be transferred to a new prison where the courses may not line up or where they’re unable to continue their classes, leaving some students a few credits short of a degree. Education can offer tangible, real-world benefits to incarcerated people: They can earn degrees and gain merit credits that chip off time from a sentence. Research shows that \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/justice-and-education-departments-announce-new-research-showing-prison-education-reduces\">prison education also reduces recidivism\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/prisons/2023/02/how-many-prisons-does-california-need/\">California’s shrinking prison population\u003c/a> — the state had \u003ca href=\"https://www.ppic.org/publication/realignment-incarceration-and-crime-trends-in-california/#:~:text=In%20September%202011%2C%20the%20month,355%20inmates%20per%20100%2C000%20residents\">160,000 people incarcerated in 2011\u003c/a>, down to just \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdcr.ca.gov/research/wp-content/uploads/sites/174/2023/05/Tpop1d230510.pdf\">96,000 as of May 10, 2023 (PDF)\u003c/a> — has also created an unexpected problem for the state’s community college system, which has developed special programs to help those in prisons earn degrees. Palo Verde Community College in Blythe, for example, draws almost half of its students from the nearby prison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the prisons close down, at least three community colleges stand to lose more than 10% of their student enrollment and millions of dollars in state funding, collectively.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11950004\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1568px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2023/05/18/when-california-downsizes-prisons-incarcerated-people-are-shuffled-out-of-community-college-classes/051023-inmate-students-lv_07/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-11950004\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11950004\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/051023-Inmate-Students-LV_07.jpg\" alt=\"the exterior of a prison fence, with a sign that says California City Correctional Facility\" width=\"1568\" height=\"1045\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/051023-Inmate-Students-LV_07.jpg 1568w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/051023-Inmate-Students-LV_07-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/051023-Inmate-Students-LV_07-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/051023-Inmate-Students-LV_07-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/051023-Inmate-Students-LV_07-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1568px) 100vw, 1568px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The California City Correctional Facility just outside California City is one of the prisons set to close soon. \u003ccite>(Larry Valenzuela/CalMatters/CatchLight Local)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Gov. Gavin Newsom has been interested in closing prisons since at least 2019. Since then, the state has closed one in Tracy and nearly finished closing another Susanville.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last December, the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation said it would close a prison in Blythe and end the contract with a private prison company in California City. The corrections department also said it would close parts of six other prisons throughout the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement to CalMatters, the corrections department said that it is committed to preventing “academic disruption” for students at the closing prisons and pointed to the work of the \u003ca href=\"https://risingscholarsnetwork.org/#:~:text=We%20are%20a%20network%20of,experienced%20the%20criminal%20justice%20system.\">Rising Scholars Network\u003c/a> at the California Community College Chancellor’s Office, which oversees various higher education programs across all of the state’s 34 adult prisons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But local community college administrators say communication from the corrections department is limited and that they have few resources to help incarcerated people who fall through the cracks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Learning in the D yard\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Formerly incarcerated David Zemp, a self-described nerd, gets wistful when he talks about prison education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He spent seven years locked up in the D yard at the California Correctional Institution in Tehachapi. By the time he was released in 2022, he said the prison unit looked more like a college campus than a prison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those incarcerated in the prison made their own salsa at the nearby garden and covered the white walls with murals: a dinosaur fossil, an astronaut and, at the entrance, the March of Progress in which a monkey evolves into man with a cap and gown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was falling apart, but the people who were investing in it were in love with it,” he said. He earned five degrees while incarcerated, which ultimately knocked off roughly three years of his 12-year prison sentence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11950001\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1568px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2023/05/18/when-california-downsizes-prisons-incarcerated-people-are-shuffled-out-of-community-college-classes/051023-inmate-students-lv_18/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-11950001\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11950001\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/051023-Inmate-Students-LV_18.jpg\" alt=\"the side view of a middle-aged woman with her hair pulled back, filing a stack of white books on a shelf\" width=\"1568\" height=\"1045\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/051023-Inmate-Students-LV_18.jpg 1568w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/051023-Inmate-Students-LV_18-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/051023-Inmate-Students-LV_18-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/051023-Inmate-Students-LV_18-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/051023-Inmate-Students-LV_18-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1568px) 100vw, 1568px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Anna Carlson, program director for the incarcerated education program, looks over books meant for incarcerated students at the Cerro Coso office in Tehachapi on May 10, 2023. \u003ccite>(Larry Valenzuela/CalMatters/CatchLight Local)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Before the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, Cerro Coso Community College taught over 35 in-person classes inside the D yard of the Tehachapi prison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to its murals that covered the walls and gardens outside, the college was also working with the prison to build portable classrooms on site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In December 2022, that all came to a halt. The college learned that the corrections department planned to close the D yard in Tehachapi this summer, as well as the California City Correctional Center, another prison where Cerro Coso also teaches, by next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Dropping out in California prisons\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Professors and administrators were in a bind. Almost 20% of Cerro Coso’s students were incarcerated at one of the two prisons. At the time, Anna Carlson, program director for the college’s incarcerated education program, had little information about the timeline for the closures, except a promise from the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation that students would be able to stay throughout the spring semester.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11950003\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1568px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2023/05/18/when-california-downsizes-prisons-incarcerated-people-are-shuffled-out-of-community-college-classes/051023-inmate-students-lv_09/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-11950003\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11950003\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/051023-Inmate-Students-LV_09.jpg\" alt=\"in a dimly lit empty room, stools sit on top of desks, with an empty bookshelf and art tools in the background\" width=\"1568\" height=\"1045\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/051023-Inmate-Students-LV_09.jpg 1568w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/051023-Inmate-Students-LV_09-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/051023-Inmate-Students-LV_09-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/051023-Inmate-Students-LV_09-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/051023-Inmate-Students-LV_09-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1568px) 100vw, 1568px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An empty art classroom at Cerro Coso College in Ridgecrest. \u003ccite>(Larry Valenzuela/CalMatters/CatchLight Local)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“That just didn’t happen,” Carlson said. “Some were able to stay, and some were not.” Her office at Cerro Coso, a trailer that abuts the local school, is at the epicenter of the prison closures, fielding calls and sorting files from students and professors who are frantic or frustrated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Throughout the spring, professors arrived at the prisons only to find that some of their students were gone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Peter Fulks, a professor at Cerro Coso, spoke to over 100 people who are imprisoned and who told him continuing their education was consistently a top concern. Some men broke into tears because they were so worried about what might happen next, Fulks said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over 400 of Cerro Coso’s incarcerated students left prison before they could finish their semester. Of those students, 126 have been paroled; the rest are scattered across at least 27 different state prisons, according to data from Carlson’s department at Cerro Coso Community College.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others dropped out of school even before they were transferred, said Fulks, resulting in an enrollment dip before the spring semester, right as news got out about the prison closures.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Bureaucratic coordination\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The corrections department said in a statement that it is committed to preventing prison transfers during the semester, but that it does happen. The corrections department also said that the special credits awarded for classes — the ones which can give people who are incarcerated years off of their sentence — will transfer to the new prison, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some students who leave in the middle of a semester strike special agreements with their teachers to finish the rest of the class via mail, but not every professor is willing or able to do that. Unlucky students must withdraw or take an incomplete.[aside postID=news_11934758,news_11821589,news_11934072 label='More on California Prisons']In general, educational options for students vary depending on which prison they are sent to, according to the statement. Some prisons only offer classes via email, known as “correspondence-based” courses; others have partnerships akin to Cerro Coso’s model and focus on in-person instruction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The statement said it is up to the community colleges, with the state’s help “if needed,” to ensure the students’ credits transfer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the corrections department later clarified that it tracks where it moves each person, administrators at two community colleges told CalMatters that they don’t have access to that information and said there’s no coordinated system among community colleges to communicate which students have transferred where.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moreover, colleges need the written consent of the student before they can communicate with one another due to privacy laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Correspondence classes push on\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Cerro Coso Community College is more vulnerable to the effects of prison closures because its classes are primarily in-person.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Statewide, most college classes in prison are by mail, where students communicate through letters with a community college professor they have never met.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s the case at both Palo Verde College on the Colorado River and Lassen College near Northern Nevada, which also face looming prison closures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Palo Verde College expects to lose about 10% of its student body — around 520 people — when nearby Chuckawalla Valley State Prison closes in 2025, but President Don Wallace said the college can easily make up the lost enrollment by gaining correspondence-based students from other colleges around the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All told, nearly half of Palo Verde’s current students are incarcerated, a number that has more than doubled since 2016. The vast majority of those students are correspondence-based.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the college will find other students, Wallace said the transfers will have a “horrific impact” on the current ones, who he worries may never finish their education. “It’s a stop-out point,” he said. “Even among people that are not incarcerated, when they have to change from one college to another or they move from a community college to a four-year university, those are points where people quit.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11950002\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1568px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2023/05/18/when-california-downsizes-prisons-incarcerated-people-are-shuffled-out-of-community-college-classes/051023-inmate-students-lv_17/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-11950002\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11950002\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/051023-Inmate-Students-LV_17.jpg\" alt=\"two plastic bins overflowing with manila envelopes\" width=\"1568\" height=\"1045\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/051023-Inmate-Students-LV_17.jpg 1568w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/051023-Inmate-Students-LV_17-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/051023-Inmate-Students-LV_17-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/051023-Inmate-Students-LV_17-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/051023-Inmate-Students-LV_17-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1568px) 100vw, 1568px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Correspondence letters from incarcerated students in the Cerro Coso office in Tehachapi. \u003ccite>(Larry Valenzuela/CalMatters/CatchLight Local)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Lassen College, whose nearby prison began closing last year, has been able to continue educating about three-quarters of its 200 students at their new prisons via correspondence, said Colleen Baker, interim dean of instruction. She did not respond to questions about the fate of the 50 of students who did not continue their education via correspondence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To Fulks at Cerro Coso, who recently defended a dissertation about prison education, the difference between in-person instruction and correspondence-based classes is stark. “Correspondence success rates are extremely low, about 68%, compared to face-to-face, which was about 81.6%,” he said, adding that the performance for correspondence classes may actually be even lower since some of the remote classes he studied had professors stop by occasionally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for colleges, who receive state money based in part on the number of students they enroll, correspondence classes bring in a lot more revenue. “Each one of their students counts the same as a face to face. You don’t have to pay for location, materials for students, they limit how much support they provide to students and that money goes in,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Millions lost as degrees delay\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Once the prison fully closes, Cerro Coso will lose just over 900 students, more than 10% of its total enrollment. The college’s vice president of finance, Chad Houck, said the college did not know how much funding would be lost. Palo Verde and Lassen College will each lose an estimated $1.7 million this academic year, according to an estimate by CalMatters using the state’s funding formula. While Lassen College was able to continue educating most of the prison’s students, it lost nearly 1,800 incarcerated students who were studying at the fire training center adjacent to the prison.[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Don Wallace, president, Palo Verde College\"]‘Even among people that are not incarcerated, when they have to change from one college to another or they move from a community college to a four-year university, those are points where people quit.’[/pullquote]But unlike Lassen and Palo Verde colleges, Cerro Coso Community College will not offer any additional correspondence-based classes as a result of the prison closures, said Houck. He said the “quality is not the same” and that neither students nor faculty prefer it. Instead, the college will focus on recruiting more students from the local prison units that will remain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for the incarcerated Cerro Coso students who are leaving, they will need to connect with a new college at the prison where they go next.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carlson has few options to help them and typically must wait for the students to contact her office and request a transcript. As of May 11, roughly 60 students from the D yard in Tehachapi and the California City prison have reached out to her team to request a transcript, and most people reached out before their transfer, at the moment they knew their destination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carlson and her colleagues predict those numbers will go up as more people settle into their next prison, but they also know some may never finish their degrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Adam Echelman covers California’s community colleges in partnership with Open Campus, a nonprofit newsroom focused on higher education.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Gov. Gavin Newsom is closing and downsizing prisons across the state — in the process, transferring incarcerated people out of their community college classes. College administrators say they have few resources to help.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1684444758,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":42,"wordCount":2025},"headData":{"title":"When California Downsizes Prisons, Incarcerated People Are Shuffled Out of Community College Classes | KQED","description":"Gov. Gavin Newsom is closing and downsizing prisons across the state — in the process, transferring incarcerated people out of their community college classes. College administrators say they have few resources to help.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"When California Downsizes Prisons, Incarcerated People Are Shuffled Out of Community College Classes","datePublished":"2023-05-18T21:19:07.000Z","dateModified":"2023-05-18T21:19:18.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"source":"CalMatters","sourceUrl":"https://calmatters.org/education/higher-education/2023/05/california-prisons-community-college/?mc_cid=4496f235fb&mc_eid=03aeecdf22","nprByline":"\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/author/adam-echelman/\">Adam Echelman\u003c/a>","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11949943/when-california-downsizes-prisons-incarcerated-people-are-shuffled-out-of-community-college-classes","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>As California closes three more prisons and downsizes six others, some people incarcerated there aren’t ready to go. They are worried about the future of their educations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For more than 1,500 incarcerated people who attend college in these facilities, closures mean they could be transferred to a new prison where the courses may not line up or where they’re unable to continue their classes, leaving some students a few credits short of a degree. Education can offer tangible, real-world benefits to incarcerated people: They can earn degrees and gain merit credits that chip off time from a sentence. Research shows that \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/justice-and-education-departments-announce-new-research-showing-prison-education-reduces\">prison education also reduces recidivism\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/prisons/2023/02/how-many-prisons-does-california-need/\">California’s shrinking prison population\u003c/a> — the state had \u003ca href=\"https://www.ppic.org/publication/realignment-incarceration-and-crime-trends-in-california/#:~:text=In%20September%202011%2C%20the%20month,355%20inmates%20per%20100%2C000%20residents\">160,000 people incarcerated in 2011\u003c/a>, down to just \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdcr.ca.gov/research/wp-content/uploads/sites/174/2023/05/Tpop1d230510.pdf\">96,000 as of May 10, 2023 (PDF)\u003c/a> — has also created an unexpected problem for the state’s community college system, which has developed special programs to help those in prisons earn degrees. Palo Verde Community College in Blythe, for example, draws almost half of its students from the nearby prison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the prisons close down, at least three community colleges stand to lose more than 10% of their student enrollment and millions of dollars in state funding, collectively.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11950004\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1568px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2023/05/18/when-california-downsizes-prisons-incarcerated-people-are-shuffled-out-of-community-college-classes/051023-inmate-students-lv_07/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-11950004\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11950004\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/051023-Inmate-Students-LV_07.jpg\" alt=\"the exterior of a prison fence, with a sign that says California City Correctional Facility\" width=\"1568\" height=\"1045\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/051023-Inmate-Students-LV_07.jpg 1568w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/051023-Inmate-Students-LV_07-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/051023-Inmate-Students-LV_07-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/051023-Inmate-Students-LV_07-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/051023-Inmate-Students-LV_07-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1568px) 100vw, 1568px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The California City Correctional Facility just outside California City is one of the prisons set to close soon. \u003ccite>(Larry Valenzuela/CalMatters/CatchLight Local)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Gov. Gavin Newsom has been interested in closing prisons since at least 2019. Since then, the state has closed one in Tracy and nearly finished closing another Susanville.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last December, the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation said it would close a prison in Blythe and end the contract with a private prison company in California City. The corrections department also said it would close parts of six other prisons throughout the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement to CalMatters, the corrections department said that it is committed to preventing “academic disruption” for students at the closing prisons and pointed to the work of the \u003ca href=\"https://risingscholarsnetwork.org/#:~:text=We%20are%20a%20network%20of,experienced%20the%20criminal%20justice%20system.\">Rising Scholars Network\u003c/a> at the California Community College Chancellor’s Office, which oversees various higher education programs across all of the state’s 34 adult prisons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But local community college administrators say communication from the corrections department is limited and that they have few resources to help incarcerated people who fall through the cracks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Learning in the D yard\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Formerly incarcerated David Zemp, a self-described nerd, gets wistful when he talks about prison education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He spent seven years locked up in the D yard at the California Correctional Institution in Tehachapi. By the time he was released in 2022, he said the prison unit looked more like a college campus than a prison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those incarcerated in the prison made their own salsa at the nearby garden and covered the white walls with murals: a dinosaur fossil, an astronaut and, at the entrance, the March of Progress in which a monkey evolves into man with a cap and gown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was falling apart, but the people who were investing in it were in love with it,” he said. He earned five degrees while incarcerated, which ultimately knocked off roughly three years of his 12-year prison sentence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11950001\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1568px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2023/05/18/when-california-downsizes-prisons-incarcerated-people-are-shuffled-out-of-community-college-classes/051023-inmate-students-lv_18/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-11950001\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11950001\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/051023-Inmate-Students-LV_18.jpg\" alt=\"the side view of a middle-aged woman with her hair pulled back, filing a stack of white books on a shelf\" width=\"1568\" height=\"1045\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/051023-Inmate-Students-LV_18.jpg 1568w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/051023-Inmate-Students-LV_18-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/051023-Inmate-Students-LV_18-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/051023-Inmate-Students-LV_18-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/051023-Inmate-Students-LV_18-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1568px) 100vw, 1568px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Anna Carlson, program director for the incarcerated education program, looks over books meant for incarcerated students at the Cerro Coso office in Tehachapi on May 10, 2023. \u003ccite>(Larry Valenzuela/CalMatters/CatchLight Local)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Before the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, Cerro Coso Community College taught over 35 in-person classes inside the D yard of the Tehachapi prison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to its murals that covered the walls and gardens outside, the college was also working with the prison to build portable classrooms on site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In December 2022, that all came to a halt. The college learned that the corrections department planned to close the D yard in Tehachapi this summer, as well as the California City Correctional Center, another prison where Cerro Coso also teaches, by next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Dropping out in California prisons\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Professors and administrators were in a bind. Almost 20% of Cerro Coso’s students were incarcerated at one of the two prisons. At the time, Anna Carlson, program director for the college’s incarcerated education program, had little information about the timeline for the closures, except a promise from the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation that students would be able to stay throughout the spring semester.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11950003\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1568px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2023/05/18/when-california-downsizes-prisons-incarcerated-people-are-shuffled-out-of-community-college-classes/051023-inmate-students-lv_09/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-11950003\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11950003\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/051023-Inmate-Students-LV_09.jpg\" alt=\"in a dimly lit empty room, stools sit on top of desks, with an empty bookshelf and art tools in the background\" width=\"1568\" height=\"1045\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/051023-Inmate-Students-LV_09.jpg 1568w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/051023-Inmate-Students-LV_09-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/051023-Inmate-Students-LV_09-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/051023-Inmate-Students-LV_09-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/051023-Inmate-Students-LV_09-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1568px) 100vw, 1568px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An empty art classroom at Cerro Coso College in Ridgecrest. \u003ccite>(Larry Valenzuela/CalMatters/CatchLight Local)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“That just didn’t happen,” Carlson said. “Some were able to stay, and some were not.” Her office at Cerro Coso, a trailer that abuts the local school, is at the epicenter of the prison closures, fielding calls and sorting files from students and professors who are frantic or frustrated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Throughout the spring, professors arrived at the prisons only to find that some of their students were gone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Peter Fulks, a professor at Cerro Coso, spoke to over 100 people who are imprisoned and who told him continuing their education was consistently a top concern. Some men broke into tears because they were so worried about what might happen next, Fulks said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over 400 of Cerro Coso’s incarcerated students left prison before they could finish their semester. Of those students, 126 have been paroled; the rest are scattered across at least 27 different state prisons, according to data from Carlson’s department at Cerro Coso Community College.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others dropped out of school even before they were transferred, said Fulks, resulting in an enrollment dip before the spring semester, right as news got out about the prison closures.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Bureaucratic coordination\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The corrections department said in a statement that it is committed to preventing prison transfers during the semester, but that it does happen. The corrections department also said that the special credits awarded for classes — the ones which can give people who are incarcerated years off of their sentence — will transfer to the new prison, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some students who leave in the middle of a semester strike special agreements with their teachers to finish the rest of the class via mail, but not every professor is willing or able to do that. Unlucky students must withdraw or take an incomplete.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"news_11934758,news_11821589,news_11934072","label":"More on California Prisons "},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>In general, educational options for students vary depending on which prison they are sent to, according to the statement. Some prisons only offer classes via email, known as “correspondence-based” courses; others have partnerships akin to Cerro Coso’s model and focus on in-person instruction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The statement said it is up to the community colleges, with the state’s help “if needed,” to ensure the students’ credits transfer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the corrections department later clarified that it tracks where it moves each person, administrators at two community colleges told CalMatters that they don’t have access to that information and said there’s no coordinated system among community colleges to communicate which students have transferred where.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moreover, colleges need the written consent of the student before they can communicate with one another due to privacy laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Correspondence classes push on\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Cerro Coso Community College is more vulnerable to the effects of prison closures because its classes are primarily in-person.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Statewide, most college classes in prison are by mail, where students communicate through letters with a community college professor they have never met.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s the case at both Palo Verde College on the Colorado River and Lassen College near Northern Nevada, which also face looming prison closures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Palo Verde College expects to lose about 10% of its student body — around 520 people — when nearby Chuckawalla Valley State Prison closes in 2025, but President Don Wallace said the college can easily make up the lost enrollment by gaining correspondence-based students from other colleges around the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All told, nearly half of Palo Verde’s current students are incarcerated, a number that has more than doubled since 2016. The vast majority of those students are correspondence-based.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the college will find other students, Wallace said the transfers will have a “horrific impact” on the current ones, who he worries may never finish their education. “It’s a stop-out point,” he said. “Even among people that are not incarcerated, when they have to change from one college to another or they move from a community college to a four-year university, those are points where people quit.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11950002\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1568px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2023/05/18/when-california-downsizes-prisons-incarcerated-people-are-shuffled-out-of-community-college-classes/051023-inmate-students-lv_17/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-11950002\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11950002\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/051023-Inmate-Students-LV_17.jpg\" alt=\"two plastic bins overflowing with manila envelopes\" width=\"1568\" height=\"1045\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/051023-Inmate-Students-LV_17.jpg 1568w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/051023-Inmate-Students-LV_17-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/051023-Inmate-Students-LV_17-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/051023-Inmate-Students-LV_17-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/051023-Inmate-Students-LV_17-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1568px) 100vw, 1568px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Correspondence letters from incarcerated students in the Cerro Coso office in Tehachapi. \u003ccite>(Larry Valenzuela/CalMatters/CatchLight Local)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Lassen College, whose nearby prison began closing last year, has been able to continue educating about three-quarters of its 200 students at their new prisons via correspondence, said Colleen Baker, interim dean of instruction. She did not respond to questions about the fate of the 50 of students who did not continue their education via correspondence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To Fulks at Cerro Coso, who recently defended a dissertation about prison education, the difference between in-person instruction and correspondence-based classes is stark. “Correspondence success rates are extremely low, about 68%, compared to face-to-face, which was about 81.6%,” he said, adding that the performance for correspondence classes may actually be even lower since some of the remote classes he studied had professors stop by occasionally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for colleges, who receive state money based in part on the number of students they enroll, correspondence classes bring in a lot more revenue. “Each one of their students counts the same as a face to face. You don’t have to pay for location, materials for students, they limit how much support they provide to students and that money goes in,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Millions lost as degrees delay\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Once the prison fully closes, Cerro Coso will lose just over 900 students, more than 10% of its total enrollment. The college’s vice president of finance, Chad Houck, said the college did not know how much funding would be lost. Palo Verde and Lassen College will each lose an estimated $1.7 million this academic year, according to an estimate by CalMatters using the state’s funding formula. While Lassen College was able to continue educating most of the prison’s students, it lost nearly 1,800 incarcerated students who were studying at the fire training center adjacent to the prison.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘Even among people that are not incarcerated, when they have to change from one college to another or they move from a community college to a four-year university, those are points where people quit.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Don Wallace, president, Palo Verde College","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>But unlike Lassen and Palo Verde colleges, Cerro Coso Community College will not offer any additional correspondence-based classes as a result of the prison closures, said Houck. He said the “quality is not the same” and that neither students nor faculty prefer it. Instead, the college will focus on recruiting more students from the local prison units that will remain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for the incarcerated Cerro Coso students who are leaving, they will need to connect with a new college at the prison where they go next.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carlson has few options to help them and typically must wait for the students to contact her office and request a transcript. As of May 11, roughly 60 students from the D yard in Tehachapi and the California City prison have reached out to her team to request a transcript, and most people reached out before their transfer, at the moment they knew their destination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carlson and her colleagues predict those numbers will go up as more people settle into their next prison, but they also know some may never finish their degrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Adam Echelman covers California’s community colleges in partnership with Open Campus, a nonprofit newsroom focused on higher education.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11949943/when-california-downsizes-prisons-incarcerated-people-are-shuffled-out-of-community-college-classes","authors":["byline_news_11949943"],"categories":["news_8"],"tags":["news_26658","news_3149","news_25365","news_16","news_28654"],"affiliates":["news_18481"],"featImg":"news_11950000","label":"source_news_11949943"},"news_11930702":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11930702","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11930702","score":null,"sort":[1667260478000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"study-finds-college-president-searches-favor-white-men-offers-strategies-for-change","title":"Study Finds College President Searches Favor White Men, Offers Strategies for Change","publishDate":1667260478,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED News","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>At a time when California is searching for people to fill key jobs in higher education, change is critical in a selection system that favors white men, a new report concludes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The student bodies of public colleges and universities have become much more diverse than they were 10 or 20 years ago, and there is an urgent need to increase these students’ success, said Estela Mara Bensimon, lead researcher on the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We depend on these students to step into the jobs that have traditionally been occupied by white professionals,” said Bensimon, president of Bensimon and Associates and professor emerita at the University of Southern California. “There’s both a social justice urgency but also a political and economic urgency.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said California needs educational leaders who have the racial literacy and cultural competency to address students’ needs. “We’re not naive that just because you appoint a Black president, a Latinx president, Indigenous president or Pacific Islander president that automatically you get magic,” Bensimon said. “We know that it takes more than that.”[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Michele Siqueiros, president, Campaign for College Opportunity\"]'We are here today to ask how do we attack a structure that is not equitable and not fair for women and candidates of color.'[/pullquote]One benefit of diverse leadership is that the increasingly diverse student body will see in their leaders someone who has experienced the same struggles in the face of systemic racism, the study said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is not a report to push diversity for the sake of diversity. It’s pushing diversity for the sake of improving the experience of the student,” said Eloy Ortiz Oakley, president and CEO of College Futures Foundation and former chancellor of the California Community Colleges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report outlines the importance of what it calls “equity-minded” leadership: someone who understands that institutions of higher education have “been designed by whites for whites, and is therefore intentional about asking the race question as a standard practice.” Without these kinds of leaders at the top, the work of addressing racial equity won’t be fully realized throughout institutions, Oakley said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>College Futures Foundation commissioned the report, “\u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://collegefutures.org/insights/whiteness-rules-racial-exclusion-in-becoming-an-american-college-president/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Whiteness Rules: Racial Exclusion in Becoming an American College President,\u003c/a>” and a companion piece, “Tools to Redesign Presidential Search for Racial Equity,” that walks presidential search teams through creating a process that is equitable for candidates of color. College Futures advances college degrees for the state’s diverse students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need presidents who have the skills — the racial literacy, the cultural competency — to be responsive to the students that we are educating,” said Bensimon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But she said that competency in equity issues is not a part of the conversation when searching for leaders. This hurts students, she said. She points to practices, such as remedial education at community colleges, that harm students of color who have remained in place for decades. Gov. Gavin Newsom signed a bill this year that \u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2022/dozens-of-community-colleges-offer-remedial-classes-bill-to-ban-them-awaits-newsoms-signature/677640\">prohibits remedial classes in all but a handful of circumstances\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No one asked the question of why remedial courses are mostly being taken by these students of color,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report notes that this comes at a critical time when the top positions at many colleges around the state are open, as are the chancellor positions at both the California State University system and California Community Colleges. It also comes \u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2022/as-supreme-court-considers-affirmative-action-case-university-of-california-offers-cautionary-tale/679692\">just as the U.S. Supreme Court takes up a case\u003c/a> that calls into question the role that race plays in higher education, though through affirmative action at the admissions level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report notes that historically the top positions at colleges and universities in California have been held by white men. It notes that at some institutions, such as UCLA and Cal Poly San Luis Obispo, there have only been white men who have been chancellor or president.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, 51% of public institutions of higher education in California have white leaders. The numbers are starker for more selective institutions: Sixty percent of leaders at the UC are white. That number is 57% in the CSU, and in community colleges it is 49%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Women are also underrepresented in both the UC and community college systems, but they’re slightly overrepresented in the CSU system. In the UC system, women make up just 20% of leaders, the report states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Students at California’s public universities and colleges are overwhelmingly nonwhite. CSU reported that \u003ca href=\"https://www.calstate.edu/csu-system/about-the-csu/facts-about-the-csu/enrollment/Pages/student-enrollment-demographics.aspx\">just 21.5% of its student body was non-Hispanic white\u003c/a> last fall. In California’s community colleges, that number was 24%, according to data from the California Community College Chancellor’s Office. In the UC system, \u003ca href=\"https://www.universityofcalifornia.edu/about-us/information-center/fall-enrollment-glance\">23% of students were white\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More selective institutions, such as the UCs, take their cues from other selective institutions across the nation like Stanford, Harvard and Yale, Oakley said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’re replicating the same type of practices that you compare yourself to,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is an assumption that candidates of color don’t make it to the finish line because there are not enough qualified candidates in the pipeline. But the report outlines the ways that male whiteness is privileged at every step of the presidential search process from the job listing to the type of candidates on the radar of search firms and finally to the biases of search committees in the final selection process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Most people think that the searches are neutral and objective, but the rules that we break in this report [are] calling out how whiteness is implicated in just every step of the process,” Bensimon said. “We don’t talk about that: whiteness as credentials, whiteness as rules that directly disadvantage Black, Latinx and Indigenous candidates.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California-focused report is based on interviews with search firm consultants, trustees and community members, but the heart of the report is interviews with 36 sitting college presidents and chancellors, 20 of those with people of color. It also included an analysis of the curriculum vitae of 35 presidents and chancellors, and 38 job announcements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It notes that there has been an uptick in the hiring of presidents of color nationally since the George Floyd uprising. But it questions whether this practice will hit a plateau in the same way it did during previously tumultuous times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report includes several examples of searches where there was explicit bias against candidates who weren’t white men. One search firm consultant described a trustee who said that a Black candidate from the South couldn’t move forward because they couldn’t understand a word they were saying. Another consultant said that the search committee complained that female candidates were “dowdy,” “motherly” or “like a Jewish woman.” Candidates of color describe a process of telegraphing that they have been assimilated, such as a Black woman choosing to not wear braids and speak “white.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Presidents of color describe having to walk a fine line when discussing race and equity issues during the search process. There may be factions in a search team who want to hit the accelerator on improving equity, while others are resistant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oakley said the report mirrored his own experiences as the president of Long Beach City College and, most recently, the chancellor of the California Community College system. He broke down racial barriers as the first person of color in those roles, but he said he faced resistance in both roles from people who believed he wasn’t right for the role or didn’t have the correct academic pedigree.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While I’m not surprised by the results because I’ve been in the industry for a long time, I am shocked to see how deep in the culture these practices are,” he said.[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Eloy Ortiz Oakley, president and CEO, College Futures Foundation\"]'This is not a report to push diversity for the sake of diversity. It's pushing diversity for the sake of improving the experience of the student.'[/pullquote]One search firm consultant told researchers that candidates of color need to be the “Jackie Robinson” of presidents to be deemed worthy, qualified and ready.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report outlines some practices that may seem neutral but give an advantage to white candidates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, search committees tend to privilege candidates who come through academic affairs, a pathway that has shut out too many people of color who have other experiences, such as student affairs. A search firm consultant said faculty on the search committee objected to a Black candidate for not having the right degree and the correct institutional pedigree.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[E]veryone who’s currently credentialed has 20 or 30 years of experience [and], well, we can all admit the last 20 or 30 years has not been an open invitation for everyone to have the same kinds of experiences,” said one white president.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is a bias toward candidates who come from peer institutions, which limits the pool of candidates. This includes discounting those who have worked at historically Black colleges and universities and Hispanic-serving institutions, Bensimon said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michele Siqueiros, president of The Campaign for College Opportunity, said that she hopes the findings push California to offer more transparent data about the hiring process — not just for college presidents but for other leadership and faculty positions that remain disproportionately white. She added that though the report takes aim at public universities in California, she hopes independent colleges also take the report’s findings seriously.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are here today to ask how do we attack a structure that is not equitable and not fair for women and candidates of color,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report outlines how the deck is stacked against candidates of color, but researcher Megan Chase said that equally important is the toolkit of solutions that the team compiled. It includes advice about how to choose a search firm, rethinking the criteria for job advertisements and taking care to choose and train the search committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Racial equity is in the details,” said Chase. “Without drilling down into the details, it would probably not create as much change as is necessary.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2022/study-finds-college-president-searches-favor-white-men-and-offers-strategies-to-change-that/680577\">\u003cem>This story originally appeared in EdSource.\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The study and experts say diverse and equity-minded leadership is crucial in terms of representing and improving the future prospects of an increasingly diverse student body across all higher education systems in California.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1667262819,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":36,"wordCount":1757},"headData":{"title":"Study Finds College President Searches Favor White Men, Offers Strategies for Change | KQED","description":"The study and experts say diverse and equity-minded leadership is crucial in terms of representing and improving the future prospects of an increasingly diverse student body across all higher education systems in California.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Study Finds College President Searches Favor White Men, Offers Strategies for Change","datePublished":"2022-10-31T23:54:38.000Z","dateModified":"2022-11-01T00:33:39.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"11930702 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11930702","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2022/10/31/study-finds-college-president-searches-favor-white-men-offers-strategies-for-change/","disqusTitle":"Study Finds College President Searches Favor White Men, Offers Strategies for Change","source":"EDSOURCE","sourceUrl":"https://edsource.org/","nprByline":"\u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/author/egallegos\">Emma Gallegos\u003c/a>","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","path":"/news/11930702/study-finds-college-president-searches-favor-white-men-offers-strategies-for-change","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>At a time when California is searching for people to fill key jobs in higher education, change is critical in a selection system that favors white men, a new report concludes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The student bodies of public colleges and universities have become much more diverse than they were 10 or 20 years ago, and there is an urgent need to increase these students’ success, said Estela Mara Bensimon, lead researcher on the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We depend on these students to step into the jobs that have traditionally been occupied by white professionals,” said Bensimon, president of Bensimon and Associates and professor emerita at the University of Southern California. “There’s both a social justice urgency but also a political and economic urgency.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said California needs educational leaders who have the racial literacy and cultural competency to address students’ needs. “We’re not naive that just because you appoint a Black president, a Latinx president, Indigenous president or Pacific Islander president that automatically you get magic,” Bensimon said. “We know that it takes more than that.”\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"'We are here today to ask how do we attack a structure that is not equitable and not fair for women and candidates of color.'","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"align":"right","size":"medium","citation":"Michele Siqueiros, president, Campaign for College Opportunity","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>One benefit of diverse leadership is that the increasingly diverse student body will see in their leaders someone who has experienced the same struggles in the face of systemic racism, the study said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is not a report to push diversity for the sake of diversity. It’s pushing diversity for the sake of improving the experience of the student,” said Eloy Ortiz Oakley, president and CEO of College Futures Foundation and former chancellor of the California Community Colleges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report outlines the importance of what it calls “equity-minded” leadership: someone who understands that institutions of higher education have “been designed by whites for whites, and is therefore intentional about asking the race question as a standard practice.” Without these kinds of leaders at the top, the work of addressing racial equity won’t be fully realized throughout institutions, Oakley said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>College Futures Foundation commissioned the report, “\u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://collegefutures.org/insights/whiteness-rules-racial-exclusion-in-becoming-an-american-college-president/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Whiteness Rules: Racial Exclusion in Becoming an American College President,\u003c/a>” and a companion piece, “Tools to Redesign Presidential Search for Racial Equity,” that walks presidential search teams through creating a process that is equitable for candidates of color. College Futures advances college degrees for the state’s diverse students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need presidents who have the skills — the racial literacy, the cultural competency — to be responsive to the students that we are educating,” said Bensimon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But she said that competency in equity issues is not a part of the conversation when searching for leaders. This hurts students, she said. She points to practices, such as remedial education at community colleges, that harm students of color who have remained in place for decades. Gov. Gavin Newsom signed a bill this year that \u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2022/dozens-of-community-colleges-offer-remedial-classes-bill-to-ban-them-awaits-newsoms-signature/677640\">prohibits remedial classes in all but a handful of circumstances\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No one asked the question of why remedial courses are mostly being taken by these students of color,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report notes that this comes at a critical time when the top positions at many colleges around the state are open, as are the chancellor positions at both the California State University system and California Community Colleges. It also comes \u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2022/as-supreme-court-considers-affirmative-action-case-university-of-california-offers-cautionary-tale/679692\">just as the U.S. Supreme Court takes up a case\u003c/a> that calls into question the role that race plays in higher education, though through affirmative action at the admissions level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report notes that historically the top positions at colleges and universities in California have been held by white men. It notes that at some institutions, such as UCLA and Cal Poly San Luis Obispo, there have only been white men who have been chancellor or president.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, 51% of public institutions of higher education in California have white leaders. The numbers are starker for more selective institutions: Sixty percent of leaders at the UC are white. That number is 57% in the CSU, and in community colleges it is 49%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Women are also underrepresented in both the UC and community college systems, but they’re slightly overrepresented in the CSU system. In the UC system, women make up just 20% of leaders, the report states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Students at California’s public universities and colleges are overwhelmingly nonwhite. CSU reported that \u003ca href=\"https://www.calstate.edu/csu-system/about-the-csu/facts-about-the-csu/enrollment/Pages/student-enrollment-demographics.aspx\">just 21.5% of its student body was non-Hispanic white\u003c/a> last fall. In California’s community colleges, that number was 24%, according to data from the California Community College Chancellor’s Office. In the UC system, \u003ca href=\"https://www.universityofcalifornia.edu/about-us/information-center/fall-enrollment-glance\">23% of students were white\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More selective institutions, such as the UCs, take their cues from other selective institutions across the nation like Stanford, Harvard and Yale, Oakley said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’re replicating the same type of practices that you compare yourself to,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is an assumption that candidates of color don’t make it to the finish line because there are not enough qualified candidates in the pipeline. But the report outlines the ways that male whiteness is privileged at every step of the presidential search process from the job listing to the type of candidates on the radar of search firms and finally to the biases of search committees in the final selection process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Most people think that the searches are neutral and objective, but the rules that we break in this report [are] calling out how whiteness is implicated in just every step of the process,” Bensimon said. “We don’t talk about that: whiteness as credentials, whiteness as rules that directly disadvantage Black, Latinx and Indigenous candidates.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California-focused report is based on interviews with search firm consultants, trustees and community members, but the heart of the report is interviews with 36 sitting college presidents and chancellors, 20 of those with people of color. It also included an analysis of the curriculum vitae of 35 presidents and chancellors, and 38 job announcements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It notes that there has been an uptick in the hiring of presidents of color nationally since the George Floyd uprising. But it questions whether this practice will hit a plateau in the same way it did during previously tumultuous times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report includes several examples of searches where there was explicit bias against candidates who weren’t white men. One search firm consultant described a trustee who said that a Black candidate from the South couldn’t move forward because they couldn’t understand a word they were saying. Another consultant said that the search committee complained that female candidates were “dowdy,” “motherly” or “like a Jewish woman.” Candidates of color describe a process of telegraphing that they have been assimilated, such as a Black woman choosing to not wear braids and speak “white.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Presidents of color describe having to walk a fine line when discussing race and equity issues during the search process. There may be factions in a search team who want to hit the accelerator on improving equity, while others are resistant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oakley said the report mirrored his own experiences as the president of Long Beach City College and, most recently, the chancellor of the California Community College system. He broke down racial barriers as the first person of color in those roles, but he said he faced resistance in both roles from people who believed he wasn’t right for the role or didn’t have the correct academic pedigree.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While I’m not surprised by the results because I’ve been in the industry for a long time, I am shocked to see how deep in the culture these practices are,” he said.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"'This is not a report to push diversity for the sake of diversity. It's pushing diversity for the sake of improving the experience of the student.'","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"align":"right","size":"medium","citation":"Eloy Ortiz Oakley, president and CEO, College Futures Foundation","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>One search firm consultant told researchers that candidates of color need to be the “Jackie Robinson” of presidents to be deemed worthy, qualified and ready.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report outlines some practices that may seem neutral but give an advantage to white candidates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, search committees tend to privilege candidates who come through academic affairs, a pathway that has shut out too many people of color who have other experiences, such as student affairs. A search firm consultant said faculty on the search committee objected to a Black candidate for not having the right degree and the correct institutional pedigree.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[E]veryone who’s currently credentialed has 20 or 30 years of experience [and], well, we can all admit the last 20 or 30 years has not been an open invitation for everyone to have the same kinds of experiences,” said one white president.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is a bias toward candidates who come from peer institutions, which limits the pool of candidates. This includes discounting those who have worked at historically Black colleges and universities and Hispanic-serving institutions, Bensimon said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michele Siqueiros, president of The Campaign for College Opportunity, said that she hopes the findings push California to offer more transparent data about the hiring process — not just for college presidents but for other leadership and faculty positions that remain disproportionately white. She added that though the report takes aim at public universities in California, she hopes independent colleges also take the report’s findings seriously.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are here today to ask how do we attack a structure that is not equitable and not fair for women and candidates of color,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report outlines how the deck is stacked against candidates of color, but researcher Megan Chase said that equally important is the toolkit of solutions that the team compiled. It includes advice about how to choose a search firm, rethinking the criteria for job advertisements and taking care to choose and train the search committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Racial equity is in the details,” said Chase. “Without drilling down into the details, it would probably not create as much change as is necessary.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2022/study-finds-college-president-searches-favor-white-men-and-offers-strategies-to-change-that/680577\">\u003cem>This story originally appeared in EdSource.\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11930702/study-finds-college-president-searches-favor-white-men-offers-strategies-for-change","authors":["byline_news_11930702"],"categories":["news_223","news_8"],"tags":["news_31933","news_31934","news_25365","news_379","news_31935"],"featImg":"news_11930708","label":"source_news_11930702"},"news_11912843":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11912843","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11912843","score":null,"sort":[1652074152000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"teachers-camp-out-at-city-college-to-protest-layoffs","title":"'Gut-Wrenching': City College of San Francisco Lays Off 38 Faculty, but More Cuts May Be on the Way","publishDate":1652074152,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 11 a.m. Saturday\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>City College of San Francisco's Board of Trustees finalized 38 faculty layoffs to address a looming budget deficit during a special meeting Friday night. Another 12 faculty are retiring and won't be replaced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that may not be the full count of teachers dropped by the school: At least 150 part-timers may not be hired back to the college as part of a state mechanism that mandates part-timers not take the place of laid-off full-time faculty, the teachers' union says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while those aren't technically layoffs, those teachers will be out of a job all the same. Many have worked at the college for years — for some, decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11913429\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11913429\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/RS55789_014_KQED_CCSFLayoffProtest_05052022-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A tent sits next to demonstrators listening to speakers at a rally outside a large administrative building\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/RS55789_014_KQED_CCSFLayoffProtest_05052022-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/RS55789_014_KQED_CCSFLayoffProtest_05052022-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/RS55789_014_KQED_CCSFLayoffProtest_05052022-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/RS55789_014_KQED_CCSFLayoffProtest_05052022-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/RS55789_014_KQED_CCSFLayoffProtest_05052022-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Faculty and students gather outside Conlan Hall at CCSF to protest layoffs at the school, on May 5, 2022. Faculty have been camping there to protest layoffs since Tuesday. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>All week, faculty and student supporters tried to hold back the tidal wave of layoffs: On Sunday, City College of San Francisco faculty marched for May Day; on Tuesday they camped in tents in front of their administration's offices; and on Thursday, 10 protesters were arrested after blocking a street.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By Friday night, the tsunami of cuts washed over them, all the same.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 360 faculty tuned in to the virtual City College of San Francisco Board of Trustees meeting Friday afternoon, including Denise Selleck, who has taught English as a second language classes at the college since 1991. Those classes primarily serve San Francisco's many immigrant communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Your decision today not only affects the 38 tenured instructors who will lose their jobs, it also affects the dozens of part-timers who you will make unemployed,\" Selleck said, during public comment. \"And it will affect the thousands of students who will not be able to get the classes that they want and need.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>English teacher Monica Bosson put the cuts in simpler terms to the Board of Trustees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's absolutely gut-wrenching,\" Bosson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Five trustees voted to approve the cuts, with trustee Alan Wong casting a nay vote. A student trustee also cast a nay vote, though student trustee votes are only advisory. Board trustee Shanell Williams disagreed with criticism from the hundreds of faculty attending the virtual meeting that night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is not the decimation of our college. There are mechanisms for rehiring and there are pathways for growth,” Williams said.[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Denise Selleck, ESL teacher\"]'Your decision today not only affects the 38 tenured instructors who will lose their jobs, it also affects the dozens of part-timers who you will make unemployed ... And it will affect the thousands of students who will not be able to get the classes that they want and need.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Friday's meeting, Chancellor David Martin called the layoffs a \"very difficult situation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, \"this is the best path to move forward in allowing us to spend our resources in a way that best meets the students' needs into the future,\" he said. \"We do need to readjust our financial structure, not only by increasing our reserves in excess of 5%, but we also have funding needs such as scheduled maintenance.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Martin told those in attendance that the college also has to balance paying basic needs like fixing boilers or renewing computers, and that layoffs were the only way to get there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mary Bravewoman, president-elect of AFT 2121, the City College of San Francisco teachers' union, told KQED that the trustees' vote shook the faith of college faculty, who had been working with the city of San Francisco to raise new revenues to stave off cuts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With four of the trustee seats open for election this November, AFT 2121 says they're now seeking to replace the trustees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"My message all week long has been loud and clear: Your 'yes' vote on these layoffs is our 'no' vote in November,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The layoffs follow various faculty rallies over the last week, including the arrest of 10 faculty members at City College of San Francisco Thursday evening by San Francisco police during a protest against the layoffs at CCSF's Ocean campus, according to AFT Local 2121, the union that represents CCSF faculty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An SFPD spokesperson said officers arrested and cited 11 protesters for failing to obey a peace officer and for being pedestrians outside of a crosswalk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11913417\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11913417\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/RS55821_060_KQED_CCSFLayoffProtest_05052022-qut.jpg\" alt=\"demonstrator wearing a mask stands and is handcuffed by police holding zip ties as other demonstrators remain seated in foreground\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1278\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/RS55821_060_KQED_CCSFLayoffProtest_05052022-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/RS55821_060_KQED_CCSFLayoffProtest_05052022-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/RS55821_060_KQED_CCSFLayoffProtest_05052022-qut-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/RS55821_060_KQED_CCSFLayoffProtest_05052022-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/RS55821_060_KQED_CCSFLayoffProtest_05052022-qut-1536x1022.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">SFPD officers arrest a demonstrator who had been sitting on Frida Kahlo Way at the entrance to City College of San Francisco's main campus to protest layoffs at the school, on May 5, 2022. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It also isn't the first time City College of San Francisco has warned layoffs were on the way. Last year, the college voted to suspend layoffs of some 160 faculty, but the Board of Trustees warned that new funding would need to be identified to stem future cuts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is a one-year deal. And City College will continue to have a structural budget deficit and funding gap,\" \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11872984/ccsf-approves-plan-to-avoid-layoffs-sf-mulls-permanent-fund-for-threatened-classes\">City College Board Trustee Alan Wong told KQED in May last year\u003c/a>. \"Immediately after approving this tentative agreement, we must turn our attention to long-term funding.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>City College's woes began during its 2013 accreditation crisis — which infamously threatened its closure — and sent its\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/104635/city-college-of-san-francisco-enrollment-plunges-after-accreditation-loss\"> enrollment into a spiral\u003c/a> from which it never fully recovered, teachers say. [aside postID=\"news_11908747\" label=\"Related Post\"]Fewer students means fewer dollars to pay for teachers, and the college is now facing \u003ca href=\"https://sfstandard.com/education/city-college-faculty-stage-sleep-in-ahead-of-layoff-vote/\">a $5.8 million deficit in its 2025-2026 fiscal year\u003c/a>, according to The SF Standard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the start of new programs like \u003ca href=\"https://www.ccsf.edu/paying-college/free-city\">Free City College\u003c/a>, which offers free tuition to San Francisco residents, other factors soon compounded the existing drop in student population, including a statewide community college enrollment plunge during the pandemic. A CalMatters analysis found that, at 42 out of 116 California community colleges, \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/higher-education/2022/03/community-college-enrollment/\">more students left in the fall of 2021 than in the fall of 2020\u003c/a>. That comprised a statewide loss of more than 300,000 students, which California tried to correct by spending an extra $120 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A coalition of unions has tried to pitch tax proposals to stem the gap, including Service Employees International Union 1021, which also represents City College of San Francisco workers and\u003ca href=\"https://www.seiu1021.org/article/coalition-sf-city-college-unions-urge-mayor-breed-support-revenue-measure-restore-improve?link_id=2&can_id=8a6d4c2c56a332e581114be9f7773d13&source=email-important-updates-on-the-fight-to-defend-ccsf-3&email_referrer=email_1526655&email_subject=join-the-ccsf-community-sunday-at-may-day-rally-campaign-updates\"> met with Mayor London Breed in February to propose new tax mechanisms to raise dollars for CCSF\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bravewoman said those efforts are ongoing. Right now, it looks like the funding mechanism may be a parcel tax that's shaped to affect new home buyers, as opposed to existing homeowners, that may raise as much as $45 million a year. Polling shows strong support for the measure, she said. The unions will soon begin the signature-gathering effort.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're confident we'll be successful at the polls,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, the \u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/document/d/1o3qTKYyaCBdZQxFcITEZ8ICcB2HesJAf/edit\">recent cuts are striking departments of all sorts\u003c/a>, affecting everything from workforce training courses like aircraft maintenance and auto mechanics, to classes needed to transfer to four-year schools, like chemistry and English.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pink slips — layoff notices — already have been mailed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11913421\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11913421\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/RS55808_039_KQED_CCSFLayoffProtest_05052022-qut.jpg\" alt=\"Protesters hold large yellow banner sign reading 'board of trustees meet students needs'\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/RS55808_039_KQED_CCSFLayoffProtest_05052022-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/RS55808_039_KQED_CCSFLayoffProtest_05052022-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/RS55808_039_KQED_CCSFLayoffProtest_05052022-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/RS55808_039_KQED_CCSFLayoffProtest_05052022-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/RS55808_039_KQED_CCSFLayoffProtest_05052022-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">CCSF teachers and students block Frida Kahlo Way at the entrance to CCSF's main campus to protest layoffs at the school, on May 5, 2022. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At the May Day rally and march in San Francisco on Sunday, City College faculty who'd been served with pink slips spoke out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Golnar Afshar, a full-time biotechnology teacher, told KQED she got her pink slip in February. Afshar is one of only three faculty in the biotechnology program. Now those students will have fewer classes available to complete their learning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of Afshar's students are older and changing their careers. They have bachelor's degrees but need to fulfill hands-on training experience to get laboratory jobs — a highly sought-after career path in the Bay Area, which Afshar called \"the Mecca of biotechnology in the world.\" Now those students may have a tougher path.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I have no idea what's going to happen,\" she said. \"If the classes are canceled, the students will not be able to finish up.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And for Afshar, who is 55 and was looking toward retirement in the next decade, \"I'm just going to have to start looking for a job.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11913423\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11913423\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/RS55779_001_KQED_CCSFLayoffProtest_05052022-qut.jpg\" alt=\"woman wearing black union shirt speaks into megaphone while supporters on either side of her raise fists in support\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1278\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/RS55779_001_KQED_CCSFLayoffProtest_05052022-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/RS55779_001_KQED_CCSFLayoffProtest_05052022-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/RS55779_001_KQED_CCSFLayoffProtest_05052022-qut-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/RS55779_001_KQED_CCSFLayoffProtest_05052022-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/RS55779_001_KQED_CCSFLayoffProtest_05052022-qut-1536x1022.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kathe Burick, a former dance instructor at CCSF, speaks outside Conlan Hall to protest layoffs at the school, on May 5, 2022. Burick was one of 10 faculty members arrested by SFPD at the protest. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11913427\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11913427\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/RS55831_071_KQED_CCSFLayoffProtest_05052022-qut.jpg\" alt=\"two women and a young girl stand in front of a CCSF sign holding a drum and their own protest sign reading 'from CCSF to OUSD, stop school cuts and closures'\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/RS55831_071_KQED_CCSFLayoffProtest_05052022-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/RS55831_071_KQED_CCSFLayoffProtest_05052022-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/RS55831_071_KQED_CCSFLayoffProtest_05052022-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/RS55831_071_KQED_CCSFLayoffProtest_05052022-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/RS55831_071_KQED_CCSFLayoffProtest_05052022-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">From left: Arlene Bugayong, Ella Rose, 6, and Sarah June Harris protest layoffs at CCSF, on May 5, 2022. Bugayong is a counselor at the school and received a pink slip, or layoff notice, earlier this week. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED's Annelise Finney, Haley Gray and David Marks contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A board meeting Friday will determine whether dozens of faculty members at City College of San Francisco keep their jobs, after dwindling enrollment led to budget problems at the long-beleaguered school.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1652122682,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":37,"wordCount":1497},"headData":{"title":"'Gut-Wrenching': City College of San Francisco Lays Off 38 Faculty, but More Cuts May Be on the Way | KQED","description":"A board meeting Friday will determine whether dozens of faculty members at City College of San Francisco keep their jobs, after dwindling enrollment led to budget problems at the long-beleaguered school.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"'Gut-Wrenching': City College of San Francisco Lays Off 38 Faculty, but More Cuts May Be on the Way","datePublished":"2022-05-09T05:29:12.000Z","dateModified":"2022-05-09T18:58:02.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"11912843 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11912843","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2022/05/08/teachers-camp-out-at-city-college-to-protest-layoffs/","disqusTitle":"'Gut-Wrenching': City College of San Francisco Lays Off 38 Faculty, but More Cuts May Be on the Way","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","path":"/news/11912843/teachers-camp-out-at-city-college-to-protest-layoffs","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 11 a.m. Saturday\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>City College of San Francisco's Board of Trustees finalized 38 faculty layoffs to address a looming budget deficit during a special meeting Friday night. Another 12 faculty are retiring and won't be replaced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that may not be the full count of teachers dropped by the school: At least 150 part-timers may not be hired back to the college as part of a state mechanism that mandates part-timers not take the place of laid-off full-time faculty, the teachers' union says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while those aren't technically layoffs, those teachers will be out of a job all the same. Many have worked at the college for years — for some, decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11913429\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11913429\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/RS55789_014_KQED_CCSFLayoffProtest_05052022-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A tent sits next to demonstrators listening to speakers at a rally outside a large administrative building\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/RS55789_014_KQED_CCSFLayoffProtest_05052022-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/RS55789_014_KQED_CCSFLayoffProtest_05052022-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/RS55789_014_KQED_CCSFLayoffProtest_05052022-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/RS55789_014_KQED_CCSFLayoffProtest_05052022-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/RS55789_014_KQED_CCSFLayoffProtest_05052022-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Faculty and students gather outside Conlan Hall at CCSF to protest layoffs at the school, on May 5, 2022. Faculty have been camping there to protest layoffs since Tuesday. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>All week, faculty and student supporters tried to hold back the tidal wave of layoffs: On Sunday, City College of San Francisco faculty marched for May Day; on Tuesday they camped in tents in front of their administration's offices; and on Thursday, 10 protesters were arrested after blocking a street.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By Friday night, the tsunami of cuts washed over them, all the same.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 360 faculty tuned in to the virtual City College of San Francisco Board of Trustees meeting Friday afternoon, including Denise Selleck, who has taught English as a second language classes at the college since 1991. Those classes primarily serve San Francisco's many immigrant communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Your decision today not only affects the 38 tenured instructors who will lose their jobs, it also affects the dozens of part-timers who you will make unemployed,\" Selleck said, during public comment. \"And it will affect the thousands of students who will not be able to get the classes that they want and need.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>English teacher Monica Bosson put the cuts in simpler terms to the Board of Trustees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's absolutely gut-wrenching,\" Bosson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Five trustees voted to approve the cuts, with trustee Alan Wong casting a nay vote. A student trustee also cast a nay vote, though student trustee votes are only advisory. Board trustee Shanell Williams disagreed with criticism from the hundreds of faculty attending the virtual meeting that night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is not the decimation of our college. There are mechanisms for rehiring and there are pathways for growth,” Williams said.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"'Your decision today not only affects the 38 tenured instructors who will lose their jobs, it also affects the dozens of part-timers who you will make unemployed ... And it will affect the thousands of students who will not be able to get the classes that they want and need.'","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Denise Selleck, ESL teacher","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Friday's meeting, Chancellor David Martin called the layoffs a \"very difficult situation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, \"this is the best path to move forward in allowing us to spend our resources in a way that best meets the students' needs into the future,\" he said. \"We do need to readjust our financial structure, not only by increasing our reserves in excess of 5%, but we also have funding needs such as scheduled maintenance.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Martin told those in attendance that the college also has to balance paying basic needs like fixing boilers or renewing computers, and that layoffs were the only way to get there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mary Bravewoman, president-elect of AFT 2121, the City College of San Francisco teachers' union, told KQED that the trustees' vote shook the faith of college faculty, who had been working with the city of San Francisco to raise new revenues to stave off cuts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With four of the trustee seats open for election this November, AFT 2121 says they're now seeking to replace the trustees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"My message all week long has been loud and clear: Your 'yes' vote on these layoffs is our 'no' vote in November,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The layoffs follow various faculty rallies over the last week, including the arrest of 10 faculty members at City College of San Francisco Thursday evening by San Francisco police during a protest against the layoffs at CCSF's Ocean campus, according to AFT Local 2121, the union that represents CCSF faculty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An SFPD spokesperson said officers arrested and cited 11 protesters for failing to obey a peace officer and for being pedestrians outside of a crosswalk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11913417\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11913417\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/RS55821_060_KQED_CCSFLayoffProtest_05052022-qut.jpg\" alt=\"demonstrator wearing a mask stands and is handcuffed by police holding zip ties as other demonstrators remain seated in foreground\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1278\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/RS55821_060_KQED_CCSFLayoffProtest_05052022-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/RS55821_060_KQED_CCSFLayoffProtest_05052022-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/RS55821_060_KQED_CCSFLayoffProtest_05052022-qut-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/RS55821_060_KQED_CCSFLayoffProtest_05052022-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/RS55821_060_KQED_CCSFLayoffProtest_05052022-qut-1536x1022.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">SFPD officers arrest a demonstrator who had been sitting on Frida Kahlo Way at the entrance to City College of San Francisco's main campus to protest layoffs at the school, on May 5, 2022. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It also isn't the first time City College of San Francisco has warned layoffs were on the way. Last year, the college voted to suspend layoffs of some 160 faculty, but the Board of Trustees warned that new funding would need to be identified to stem future cuts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is a one-year deal. And City College will continue to have a structural budget deficit and funding gap,\" \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11872984/ccsf-approves-plan-to-avoid-layoffs-sf-mulls-permanent-fund-for-threatened-classes\">City College Board Trustee Alan Wong told KQED in May last year\u003c/a>. \"Immediately after approving this tentative agreement, we must turn our attention to long-term funding.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>City College's woes began during its 2013 accreditation crisis — which infamously threatened its closure — and sent its\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/104635/city-college-of-san-francisco-enrollment-plunges-after-accreditation-loss\"> enrollment into a spiral\u003c/a> from which it never fully recovered, teachers say. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"news_11908747","label":"Related Post "},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Fewer students means fewer dollars to pay for teachers, and the college is now facing \u003ca href=\"https://sfstandard.com/education/city-college-faculty-stage-sleep-in-ahead-of-layoff-vote/\">a $5.8 million deficit in its 2025-2026 fiscal year\u003c/a>, according to The SF Standard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the start of new programs like \u003ca href=\"https://www.ccsf.edu/paying-college/free-city\">Free City College\u003c/a>, which offers free tuition to San Francisco residents, other factors soon compounded the existing drop in student population, including a statewide community college enrollment plunge during the pandemic. A CalMatters analysis found that, at 42 out of 116 California community colleges, \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/higher-education/2022/03/community-college-enrollment/\">more students left in the fall of 2021 than in the fall of 2020\u003c/a>. That comprised a statewide loss of more than 300,000 students, which California tried to correct by spending an extra $120 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A coalition of unions has tried to pitch tax proposals to stem the gap, including Service Employees International Union 1021, which also represents City College of San Francisco workers and\u003ca href=\"https://www.seiu1021.org/article/coalition-sf-city-college-unions-urge-mayor-breed-support-revenue-measure-restore-improve?link_id=2&can_id=8a6d4c2c56a332e581114be9f7773d13&source=email-important-updates-on-the-fight-to-defend-ccsf-3&email_referrer=email_1526655&email_subject=join-the-ccsf-community-sunday-at-may-day-rally-campaign-updates\"> met with Mayor London Breed in February to propose new tax mechanisms to raise dollars for CCSF\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bravewoman said those efforts are ongoing. Right now, it looks like the funding mechanism may be a parcel tax that's shaped to affect new home buyers, as opposed to existing homeowners, that may raise as much as $45 million a year. Polling shows strong support for the measure, she said. The unions will soon begin the signature-gathering effort.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're confident we'll be successful at the polls,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, the \u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/document/d/1o3qTKYyaCBdZQxFcITEZ8ICcB2HesJAf/edit\">recent cuts are striking departments of all sorts\u003c/a>, affecting everything from workforce training courses like aircraft maintenance and auto mechanics, to classes needed to transfer to four-year schools, like chemistry and English.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pink slips — layoff notices — already have been mailed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11913421\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11913421\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/RS55808_039_KQED_CCSFLayoffProtest_05052022-qut.jpg\" alt=\"Protesters hold large yellow banner sign reading 'board of trustees meet students needs'\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/RS55808_039_KQED_CCSFLayoffProtest_05052022-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/RS55808_039_KQED_CCSFLayoffProtest_05052022-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/RS55808_039_KQED_CCSFLayoffProtest_05052022-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/RS55808_039_KQED_CCSFLayoffProtest_05052022-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/RS55808_039_KQED_CCSFLayoffProtest_05052022-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">CCSF teachers and students block Frida Kahlo Way at the entrance to CCSF's main campus to protest layoffs at the school, on May 5, 2022. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At the May Day rally and march in San Francisco on Sunday, City College faculty who'd been served with pink slips spoke out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Golnar Afshar, a full-time biotechnology teacher, told KQED she got her pink slip in February. Afshar is one of only three faculty in the biotechnology program. Now those students will have fewer classes available to complete their learning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of Afshar's students are older and changing their careers. They have bachelor's degrees but need to fulfill hands-on training experience to get laboratory jobs — a highly sought-after career path in the Bay Area, which Afshar called \"the Mecca of biotechnology in the world.\" Now those students may have a tougher path.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I have no idea what's going to happen,\" she said. \"If the classes are canceled, the students will not be able to finish up.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And for Afshar, who is 55 and was looking toward retirement in the next decade, \"I'm just going to have to start looking for a job.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11913423\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11913423\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/RS55779_001_KQED_CCSFLayoffProtest_05052022-qut.jpg\" alt=\"woman wearing black union shirt speaks into megaphone while supporters on either side of her raise fists in support\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1278\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/RS55779_001_KQED_CCSFLayoffProtest_05052022-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/RS55779_001_KQED_CCSFLayoffProtest_05052022-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/RS55779_001_KQED_CCSFLayoffProtest_05052022-qut-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/RS55779_001_KQED_CCSFLayoffProtest_05052022-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/RS55779_001_KQED_CCSFLayoffProtest_05052022-qut-1536x1022.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kathe Burick, a former dance instructor at CCSF, speaks outside Conlan Hall to protest layoffs at the school, on May 5, 2022. Burick was one of 10 faculty members arrested by SFPD at the protest. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11913427\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11913427\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/RS55831_071_KQED_CCSFLayoffProtest_05052022-qut.jpg\" alt=\"two women and a young girl stand in front of a CCSF sign holding a drum and their own protest sign reading 'from CCSF to OUSD, stop school cuts and closures'\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/RS55831_071_KQED_CCSFLayoffProtest_05052022-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/RS55831_071_KQED_CCSFLayoffProtest_05052022-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/RS55831_071_KQED_CCSFLayoffProtest_05052022-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/RS55831_071_KQED_CCSFLayoffProtest_05052022-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/RS55831_071_KQED_CCSFLayoffProtest_05052022-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">From left: Arlene Bugayong, Ella Rose, 6, and Sarah June Harris protest layoffs at CCSF, on May 5, 2022. Bugayong is a counselor at the school and received a pink slip, or layoff notice, earlier this week. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED's Annelise Finney, Haley Gray and David Marks contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11912843/teachers-camp-out-at-city-college-to-protest-layoffs","authors":["11690"],"categories":["news_18540","news_8"],"tags":["news_3854","news_29437","news_2863","news_25365","news_27626","news_31073","news_31047","news_31048"],"featImg":"news_11913415","label":"news"},"news_11901634":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11901634","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11901634","score":null,"sort":[1642117130000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"new-study-ties-lowest-college-enrollment-in-50-years-to-pandemic","title":"New Study Ties Lowest College Enrollment in 50 Years to Pandemic","publishDate":1642117130,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED News","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>More than 1 million fewer students are enrolled in college now than in the fall of 2019, before the pandemic began. According to new data released Thursday, U.S. colleges and universities saw a drop of nearly 500,000 undergraduate students between the fall of 2020 and the fall of 2021, continuing a historic decline that began the previous year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's very frightening,\" says Doug Shapiro, who leads the research center at the National Student Clearinghouse, where the new data comes from. \"Far from filling the hole of [2020's] enrollment declines, we are still digging it deeper.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Compared with the fall of 2019, the last fall semester before the coronavirus pandemic, undergraduate enrollment has fallen a total of 6.6%. That represents the largest two-year decrease in more than 50 years, Shapiro says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The nation's community colleges are continuing to feel the bulk of the decline, with a 13% enrollment drop over the course of the pandemic. But the fall 2021 numbers show that bachelor's degree-seeking students at four-year colleges are making up about half of the shrinkage in undergraduate students, a big shift from the fall of 2020, when the vast majority of the declines were among associate degree seekers.[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Doug Shapiro, vice president and executive director, National Student Clearinghouse\"]'That could be the beginning of a whole generation of students rethinking the value of college itself.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The phenomenon of students sitting out of college seems to be more widespread. It's not just the community colleges anymore,\" says Shapiro. \"That could be the beginning of a whole generation of students rethinking the value of college itself. I think if that were the case, this is much more serious than just a temporary pandemic-related disruption.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Graduate program enrollment, which saw an increase in the fall of 2020, declined slightly, down by nearly 11,000 in the fall of 2021.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overall, enrollment in undergraduate and graduate programs has been trending \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/12/16/787909495/fewer-students-are-going-to-college-heres-why-that-matters\">downward since around 2012\u003c/a>, but the pandemic turbocharged the declines at the undergrad level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many were hopeful that would-be undergraduates who chose to take a year off in 2020 would return in 2021, especially given the expanded opportunities for in-person learning. But the pandemic gap year appears to be a myth: The National Student Clearinghouse found that of the 2020 high school graduates who chose not to enroll in college after graduation, \u003ca href=\"https://nscresearchcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021_HSBenchmarksReport.pdf\">only 2% ended up enrolling a year later\u003c/a>, in the fall of 2021.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The easiest assumption is that they're out there working,\" says Shapiro. \"Unemployment is down. The labor market is good. Wages are rising for workers in low-skilled jobs. So if you have a high school diploma, this seems like a pretty good time to be out there making some money.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wages at the bottom of the economy have increased dramatically, making minimum-wage jobs especially appealing to young people as an alternative to college. In December, for example, jobs for non-managers working in leisure and hospitality \u003ca href=\"https://www.bls.gov/news.release/empsit.t24.htm\">paid 15% more than a year ago\u003c/a>, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics.[aside postID=\"mindshift_58693,mindshift_58743,mindshift_58749\" label=\"Related Posts\"]\"It's very tempting for high school graduates, but the fear is that they are trading a short-term gain for a long-term loss,\" Shapiro says. \"And the longer they stay away from college, you know, life starts to happen and it becomes harder and harder to start thinking about yourself going back into a classroom.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>It's hard to give up a paycheck\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>For Brian Williams, who graduated from high school early in the pandemic, the long-term plan is to go to college.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/12/17/925831720/losing-a-generation-fall-college-enrollment-plummets-for-first-year-students\">postponed enrolling\u003c/a> in 2020 because he was tired of remote learning; instead, he got a job at a Jimmy John's sandwich store near his home in the suburbs of Houston so he could start saving up. When it was time to enroll in fall 2021 classes, he postponed again — he says he was more interested in finding a job that paid more than in giving up much of his paycheck to go to school. In August, Williams left Jimmy John's and got a job at an Amazon warehouse; his hourly earnings jumped up by $4.50.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I feel more secure within the money I'm getting,\" he says. To get to and from his new job, he bought a car, which he's working to pay off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Williams, enrolling in college means he'll have to cut back on hours and earn less money, while also spending \u003cem>more \u003c/em>money to pay for classes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's so hard,\" he says. \"I'm just like, 'Wow, if I go to school, I'm going to take time off and I'm not going to have any money for things I need.'\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He had toyed with the idea of starting community college in the new year but is now thinking he'll start next fall, to give himself another eight months to save up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He knows he doesn't want to work at Amazon forever.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Even though this job does give me the money I need, it's not enough for what I want, for what I see [for] myself or what I want for myself. So I have to put myself through college.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Short-term benefits of high hourly wage vs. long-term benefits of a degree\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>A dramatic drop in college enrollment could spell trouble for those Americans who are opting out, as well as for their families. Research has long shown that getting even some post-secondary education leads to \u003ca href=\"https://www.bls.gov/careeroutlook/2020/data-on-display/education-pays.htm\">higher wages, lower unemployment\u003c/a> and greater lifetime earnings. In one study from Georgetown University, bachelor's degree holders were found to \"\u003ca href=\"https://cew.georgetown.edu/cew-reports/collegepayoff2021/\">earn a median of $2.8 million during their career\u003c/a>, 75% more than if they had only a high school diploma.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It may be great that people are finding jobs in the short term,\" says researcher Tolani Britton, \"but an 18-year-old who is living at home and helping his family with the minimum wage that he's earning — if he's still earning that wage 15 years from now and has a family of his own to support, what are the implications in terms of socioeconomic mobility for that individual, for their children?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Britton, who studies the economics of higher education at the University of California, Berkeley, says a host of other benefits have been linked with higher education, including an increased likelihood of civic participation, lower infant mortality rates, better maternal health and a decreased likelihood of being unhoused or experiencing food insecurity, among other things.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of those social benefits stem from a lifetime of higher wages and increased financial stability — long-term payoffs that can be hard to prioritize over short-term wins, like having a little more money right now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"At the end of the day, the wages that you're getting today are one thing, but in 10 years from now they might be really similar,\" Britton explains. \"There may not be the growth that you would expect when people get post-secondary education.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Britton also understands that it can be hard to make decisions about your future needs when you're also trying to meet the needs of today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People are in hard economic situations,\" she says. \"The [pandemic] recovery has been extremely uneven.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On top of that, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/10/24/772018032/vital-federal-program-to-help-parents-in-college-is-a-drop-in-the-bucket\">challenges\u003c/a> that \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/12/12/668530699/-going-to-office-hours-is-terrifying-and-other-hurdles-for-rural-students-in-col\">existed\u003c/a> before the pandemic for students with lower incomes, students of color and students who are the first in their families to go to college — those challenges haven't gone anywhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Community colleges are the schools that traditionally enroll lower-income students,\" Shapiro says, \"so we can assume that that's primarily who is affected and still staying away the most.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the National Student Clearinghouse looked at 2020 high school graduates, it found that \u003ca href=\"https://nscresearchcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021_HSBenchmarksReport.pdf\">students from lower-income schools had lower college-going numbers\u003c/a>, as did students at high schools with large communities of color.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The gap in college access between higher-income and lower-income students grew wider,\" Shapiro says.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>U.S. economy feels long-term effects of fewer college graduates\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>When fewer people go to college, fewer people graduate with the skills, credentials and degrees necessary for higher-paying jobs. And that reverberates throughout the entire U.S. economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The direct loss to the economy is the workers themselves,\" explains Tony Carnevale, the director of Georgetown University's Center on Education and the Workforce. \"If they were trained and ready, they would get higher-wage jobs and they would add more to GDP, making us all richer and increasing taxes, reducing welfare costs, crime costs, on and on.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When workers make higher wages, their local economies also benefit. Carnevale explains it this way: \"When you hire the crane operator, the crane operator goes and buys groceries. So the grocery clerk has a job.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More and more jobs in the U.S. require some post-secondary training, Carnevale says, which makes college graduates far more valuable to the economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before the pandemic, the \u003ca href=\"https://www2.deloitte.com/us/en/pages/about-deloitte/articles/press-releases/deloitte-manufacturing-skills-gap.html\">country already had a skills gap\u003c/a>, with \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/ed/2018/04/25/605092520/high-paying-trade-jobs-sit-empty-while-high-school-grads-line-up-for-university\">jobs sitting empty\u003c/a> because businesses couldn't find workers with the proper credentials. In the past decade, community colleges have worked to close that gap, partnering with local businesses to pair training with employer needs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But according to Carnevale, declining enrollment rates at community colleges mean that gap is going to grow — which, in turn, hurts business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You can't run your business if you literally cannot find people to work in that business,\" says Britton, of the University of California, Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And when businesses struggle, she says, \"that has implications for things like decreases in tax revenues, higher prices for goods and services, delays in the production of services and goods like we've seen during the pandemic. And many of those things will only get worse if there are fewer people to fill the jobs.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Declines in college enrollment have a compounded impact on the economy because of economic consequences on so many levels: the individual, the community, businesses and society as a whole.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's unclear exactly how to address these economic ripple effects. Colleges, for their part, are \u003ca href=\"https://www.cabrillo.edu/watsonville-center/ganas-program/\">standing up reentry programs\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.insidehighered.com/quicktakes/2021/12/09/new-funds-help-community-colleges-enroll-adult-learners\">creating new incentives to enroll\u003c/a>. Valencia College, a community college that serves about 50,000 students in Orlando, Fla., waived application fees, extended deadlines and allowed returning students to retake classes for free. For any student who \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/04/02/983726230/colleges-get-creative-to-reach-students-after-enrollment-plummets-due-to-covid-1\">failed a course they were forced to take online\u003c/a>, it gave them a $500 scholarship to come back and take another class in person, when things opened up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shapiro, of the National Student Clearinghouse, says local communities have the most at stake when someone puts college off, because their local economies suffer when workers aren't qualified for the best jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says it's on those communities to \"make the case that college offerings are worthwhile and it is important for students to invest in their future employability, in their skills and training.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Is he tired of all this bad news?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Does he think these low college-going rates are the new normal?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a frightening thought. I sure hope not. But I guess we'll see.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=More+than+1+million+fewer+students+are+in+college.+Here%27s+how+that+impacts+the+economy&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"People are sitting out college in droves. During the pandemic, undergraduate enrollment has dropped nearly 7%. The long-term effects of this decline could have a dramatic impact on the economy.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1642117130,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":47,"wordCount":1899},"headData":{"title":"New Study Ties Lowest College Enrollment in 50 Years to Pandemic | KQED","description":"People are sitting out college in droves. During the pandemic, undergraduate enrollment has dropped nearly 7%. The long-term effects of this decline could have a dramatic impact on the economy.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"New Study Ties Lowest College Enrollment in 50 Years to Pandemic","datePublished":"2022-01-13T23:38:50.000Z","dateModified":"2022-01-13T23:38:50.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"11901634 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11901634","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2022/01/13/new-study-ties-lowest-college-enrollment-in-50-years-to-pandemic/","disqusTitle":"New Study Ties Lowest College Enrollment in 50 Years to Pandemic","source":"NPR","sourceUrl":"https://www.npr.org/","nprByline":"Elissa Nadworny ","nprImageAgency":"Errata Carmona for NPR","nprStoryId":"1072529477","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=1072529477&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/2022/01/13/1072529477/more-than-1-million-fewer-students-are-in-college-the-lowest-enrollment-numbers-?ft=nprml&f=1072529477","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Thu, 13 Jan 2022 13:24:00 -0500","nprStoryDate":"Thu, 13 Jan 2022 05:02:00 -0500","nprLastModifiedDate":"Thu, 13 Jan 2022 13:24:21 -0500","nprAudio":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2022/01/20220113_me_americans_are_choosing_jobs_over_college_that_could_spell_trouble_in_the_long_run.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1013&d=421&p=3&story=1072529477&ft=nprml&f=1072529477","nprAudioM3u":"http://api.npr.org/m3u/11072678692-d2ad5e.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1013&d=421&p=3&story=1072529477&ft=nprml&f=1072529477","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","path":"/news/11901634/new-study-ties-lowest-college-enrollment-in-50-years-to-pandemic","audioUrl":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2022/01/20220113_me_americans_are_choosing_jobs_over_college_that_could_spell_trouble_in_the_long_run.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1013&d=421&p=3&story=1072529477&ft=nprml&f=1072529477","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>More than 1 million fewer students are enrolled in college now than in the fall of 2019, before the pandemic began. According to new data released Thursday, U.S. colleges and universities saw a drop of nearly 500,000 undergraduate students between the fall of 2020 and the fall of 2021, continuing a historic decline that began the previous year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's very frightening,\" says Doug Shapiro, who leads the research center at the National Student Clearinghouse, where the new data comes from. \"Far from filling the hole of [2020's] enrollment declines, we are still digging it deeper.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Compared with the fall of 2019, the last fall semester before the coronavirus pandemic, undergraduate enrollment has fallen a total of 6.6%. That represents the largest two-year decrease in more than 50 years, Shapiro says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The nation's community colleges are continuing to feel the bulk of the decline, with a 13% enrollment drop over the course of the pandemic. But the fall 2021 numbers show that bachelor's degree-seeking students at four-year colleges are making up about half of the shrinkage in undergraduate students, a big shift from the fall of 2020, when the vast majority of the declines were among associate degree seekers.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"'That could be the beginning of a whole generation of students rethinking the value of college itself.'","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Doug Shapiro, vice president and executive director, National Student Clearinghouse","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The phenomenon of students sitting out of college seems to be more widespread. It's not just the community colleges anymore,\" says Shapiro. \"That could be the beginning of a whole generation of students rethinking the value of college itself. I think if that were the case, this is much more serious than just a temporary pandemic-related disruption.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Graduate program enrollment, which saw an increase in the fall of 2020, declined slightly, down by nearly 11,000 in the fall of 2021.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overall, enrollment in undergraduate and graduate programs has been trending \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/12/16/787909495/fewer-students-are-going-to-college-heres-why-that-matters\">downward since around 2012\u003c/a>, but the pandemic turbocharged the declines at the undergrad level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many were hopeful that would-be undergraduates who chose to take a year off in 2020 would return in 2021, especially given the expanded opportunities for in-person learning. But the pandemic gap year appears to be a myth: The National Student Clearinghouse found that of the 2020 high school graduates who chose not to enroll in college after graduation, \u003ca href=\"https://nscresearchcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021_HSBenchmarksReport.pdf\">only 2% ended up enrolling a year later\u003c/a>, in the fall of 2021.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The easiest assumption is that they're out there working,\" says Shapiro. \"Unemployment is down. The labor market is good. Wages are rising for workers in low-skilled jobs. So if you have a high school diploma, this seems like a pretty good time to be out there making some money.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wages at the bottom of the economy have increased dramatically, making minimum-wage jobs especially appealing to young people as an alternative to college. In December, for example, jobs for non-managers working in leisure and hospitality \u003ca href=\"https://www.bls.gov/news.release/empsit.t24.htm\">paid 15% more than a year ago\u003c/a>, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"mindshift_58693,mindshift_58743,mindshift_58749","label":"Related Posts "},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\"It's very tempting for high school graduates, but the fear is that they are trading a short-term gain for a long-term loss,\" Shapiro says. \"And the longer they stay away from college, you know, life starts to happen and it becomes harder and harder to start thinking about yourself going back into a classroom.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>It's hard to give up a paycheck\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>For Brian Williams, who graduated from high school early in the pandemic, the long-term plan is to go to college.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/12/17/925831720/losing-a-generation-fall-college-enrollment-plummets-for-first-year-students\">postponed enrolling\u003c/a> in 2020 because he was tired of remote learning; instead, he got a job at a Jimmy John's sandwich store near his home in the suburbs of Houston so he could start saving up. When it was time to enroll in fall 2021 classes, he postponed again — he says he was more interested in finding a job that paid more than in giving up much of his paycheck to go to school. In August, Williams left Jimmy John's and got a job at an Amazon warehouse; his hourly earnings jumped up by $4.50.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I feel more secure within the money I'm getting,\" he says. To get to and from his new job, he bought a car, which he's working to pay off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Williams, enrolling in college means he'll have to cut back on hours and earn less money, while also spending \u003cem>more \u003c/em>money to pay for classes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's so hard,\" he says. \"I'm just like, 'Wow, if I go to school, I'm going to take time off and I'm not going to have any money for things I need.'\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He had toyed with the idea of starting community college in the new year but is now thinking he'll start next fall, to give himself another eight months to save up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He knows he doesn't want to work at Amazon forever.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Even though this job does give me the money I need, it's not enough for what I want, for what I see [for] myself or what I want for myself. So I have to put myself through college.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Short-term benefits of high hourly wage vs. long-term benefits of a degree\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>A dramatic drop in college enrollment could spell trouble for those Americans who are opting out, as well as for their families. Research has long shown that getting even some post-secondary education leads to \u003ca href=\"https://www.bls.gov/careeroutlook/2020/data-on-display/education-pays.htm\">higher wages, lower unemployment\u003c/a> and greater lifetime earnings. In one study from Georgetown University, bachelor's degree holders were found to \"\u003ca href=\"https://cew.georgetown.edu/cew-reports/collegepayoff2021/\">earn a median of $2.8 million during their career\u003c/a>, 75% more than if they had only a high school diploma.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It may be great that people are finding jobs in the short term,\" says researcher Tolani Britton, \"but an 18-year-old who is living at home and helping his family with the minimum wage that he's earning — if he's still earning that wage 15 years from now and has a family of his own to support, what are the implications in terms of socioeconomic mobility for that individual, for their children?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Britton, who studies the economics of higher education at the University of California, Berkeley, says a host of other benefits have been linked with higher education, including an increased likelihood of civic participation, lower infant mortality rates, better maternal health and a decreased likelihood of being unhoused or experiencing food insecurity, among other things.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of those social benefits stem from a lifetime of higher wages and increased financial stability — long-term payoffs that can be hard to prioritize over short-term wins, like having a little more money right now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"At the end of the day, the wages that you're getting today are one thing, but in 10 years from now they might be really similar,\" Britton explains. \"There may not be the growth that you would expect when people get post-secondary education.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Britton also understands that it can be hard to make decisions about your future needs when you're also trying to meet the needs of today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People are in hard economic situations,\" she says. \"The [pandemic] recovery has been extremely uneven.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On top of that, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/10/24/772018032/vital-federal-program-to-help-parents-in-college-is-a-drop-in-the-bucket\">challenges\u003c/a> that \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/12/12/668530699/-going-to-office-hours-is-terrifying-and-other-hurdles-for-rural-students-in-col\">existed\u003c/a> before the pandemic for students with lower incomes, students of color and students who are the first in their families to go to college — those challenges haven't gone anywhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Community colleges are the schools that traditionally enroll lower-income students,\" Shapiro says, \"so we can assume that that's primarily who is affected and still staying away the most.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the National Student Clearinghouse looked at 2020 high school graduates, it found that \u003ca href=\"https://nscresearchcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021_HSBenchmarksReport.pdf\">students from lower-income schools had lower college-going numbers\u003c/a>, as did students at high schools with large communities of color.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The gap in college access between higher-income and lower-income students grew wider,\" Shapiro says.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>U.S. economy feels long-term effects of fewer college graduates\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>When fewer people go to college, fewer people graduate with the skills, credentials and degrees necessary for higher-paying jobs. And that reverberates throughout the entire U.S. economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The direct loss to the economy is the workers themselves,\" explains Tony Carnevale, the director of Georgetown University's Center on Education and the Workforce. \"If they were trained and ready, they would get higher-wage jobs and they would add more to GDP, making us all richer and increasing taxes, reducing welfare costs, crime costs, on and on.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When workers make higher wages, their local economies also benefit. Carnevale explains it this way: \"When you hire the crane operator, the crane operator goes and buys groceries. So the grocery clerk has a job.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More and more jobs in the U.S. require some post-secondary training, Carnevale says, which makes college graduates far more valuable to the economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before the pandemic, the \u003ca href=\"https://www2.deloitte.com/us/en/pages/about-deloitte/articles/press-releases/deloitte-manufacturing-skills-gap.html\">country already had a skills gap\u003c/a>, with \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/ed/2018/04/25/605092520/high-paying-trade-jobs-sit-empty-while-high-school-grads-line-up-for-university\">jobs sitting empty\u003c/a> because businesses couldn't find workers with the proper credentials. In the past decade, community colleges have worked to close that gap, partnering with local businesses to pair training with employer needs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But according to Carnevale, declining enrollment rates at community colleges mean that gap is going to grow — which, in turn, hurts business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You can't run your business if you literally cannot find people to work in that business,\" says Britton, of the University of California, Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And when businesses struggle, she says, \"that has implications for things like decreases in tax revenues, higher prices for goods and services, delays in the production of services and goods like we've seen during the pandemic. And many of those things will only get worse if there are fewer people to fill the jobs.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Declines in college enrollment have a compounded impact on the economy because of economic consequences on so many levels: the individual, the community, businesses and society as a whole.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's unclear exactly how to address these economic ripple effects. Colleges, for their part, are \u003ca href=\"https://www.cabrillo.edu/watsonville-center/ganas-program/\">standing up reentry programs\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.insidehighered.com/quicktakes/2021/12/09/new-funds-help-community-colleges-enroll-adult-learners\">creating new incentives to enroll\u003c/a>. Valencia College, a community college that serves about 50,000 students in Orlando, Fla., waived application fees, extended deadlines and allowed returning students to retake classes for free. For any student who \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/04/02/983726230/colleges-get-creative-to-reach-students-after-enrollment-plummets-due-to-covid-1\">failed a course they were forced to take online\u003c/a>, it gave them a $500 scholarship to come back and take another class in person, when things opened up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shapiro, of the National Student Clearinghouse, says local communities have the most at stake when someone puts college off, because their local economies suffer when workers aren't qualified for the best jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says it's on those communities to \"make the case that college offerings are worthwhile and it is important for students to invest in their future employability, in their skills and training.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Is he tired of all this bad news?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Does he think these low college-going rates are the new normal?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a frightening thought. I sure hope not. But I guess we'll see.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=More+than+1+million+fewer+students+are+in+college.+Here%27s+how+that+impacts+the+economy&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11901634/new-study-ties-lowest-college-enrollment-in-50-years-to-pandemic","authors":["byline_news_11901634"],"categories":["news_8"],"tags":["news_25365","news_30510","news_30512","news_27660","news_30511"],"featImg":"news_11901649","label":"source_news_11901634"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. 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You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. 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On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. 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For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us","airtime":"SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm","meta":{"site":"news","source":"wnyc"},"link":"/radio/program/on-the-media","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/","rss":"http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"}},"our-body-politic":{"id":"our-body-politic","title":"Our Body Politic","info":"Presented by KQED, KCRW and KPCC, and created and hosted by award-winning journalist Farai Chideya, Our Body Politic is unapologetically centered on reporting on not just how women of color experience the major political events of today, but how they’re impacting those very issues.","airtime":"SAT 6pm-7pm, SUN 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Our-Body-Politic-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://our-body-politic.simplecast.com/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kcrw"},"link":"/radio/program/our-body-politic","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/our-body-politic/id1533069868","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5zaW1wbGVjYXN0LmNvbS9feGFQaHMxcw","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/4ApAiLT1kV153TttWAmqmc","rss":"https://feeds.simplecast.com/_xaPhs1s","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/News--Politics-Podcasts/Our-Body-Politic-p1369211/"}},"pbs-newshour":{"id":"pbs-newshour","title":"PBS NewsHour","info":"Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.","airtime":"MON-FRI 3pm-4pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"pbs"},"link":"/radio/program/pbs-newshour","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/","rss":"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"}},"perspectives":{"id":"perspectives","title":"Perspectives","tagline":"KQED's series of of daily listener commentaries since 1991","info":"KQED's series of of daily listener commentaries since 1991.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Perspectives-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/perspectives/","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"kqed","order":"15"},"link":"/perspectives","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id73801135","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/category/perspectives/feed/","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvcGVyc3BlY3RpdmVzL2NhdGVnb3J5L3BlcnNwZWN0aXZlcy9mZWVkLw"}},"planet-money":{"id":"planet-money","title":"Planet Money","info":"The economy explained. 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The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.","airtime":"SAT 4pm-5pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/reveal300px.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/reveal","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/reveal/id886009669","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Reveal-p679597/","rss":"http://feeds.revealradio.org/revealpodcast"}},"says-you":{"id":"says-you","title":"Says You!","info":"Public radio's game show of bluff and bluster, words and whimsy. 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