Crowds (and Dragons) Pack Chinatown for San Francisco's Chinese New Year Parade
Chinese Immigrants Were Forced Out of Eureka in 1885 — Here's How Locals Are Making That History Known
San José Formally Apologizes for the 1887 Burning of the City's Chinatown
San Jose Had 5 Chinatowns. What Happened To Them?
Small Business Owners Struggle to Stay Open in an Empty Oakland Chinatown
Immigrants Win Back Stolen Wages, But Few May Report Violations During Pandemic
Breaking the Silence on Angel Island’s Immigration Station
S.F. Supervisors Resolve to Honor Chinese-American WWII Vets
How Far Should Parents Dictate School Sex Ed? Debate Roils Bay Area Community
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Dragon\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beginning at Second and Market streets in downtown San Francisco at 5:15 p.m., the nearly three-hour parade made its way through Chinatown on a 1.3-mile course that rounded Union Square before ending at Kearny and Columbus Avenue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11977001\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11977001\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-Chinese-new-year-parade-KSM-10_qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-Chinese-new-year-parade-KSM-10_qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-Chinese-new-year-parade-KSM-10_qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-Chinese-new-year-parade-KSM-10_qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-Chinese-new-year-parade-KSM-10_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-Chinese-new-year-parade-KSM-10_qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A dragon passes by at the Chinese New Year Festival and Parade in San Francisco on Feb. 24, 2024. \u003ccite>(Kathryn Styer Martínez/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Organizers of the parade say it’s considered one of the top ten parades in the world by the International Festivals & Events Association and \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/sf-chinese-new-year-18678491.php\">the biggest Lunar New Year parade outside of Asia\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11977004\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11977004\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-ChineseNYParade-38-BL_qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-ChineseNYParade-38-BL_qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-ChineseNYParade-38-BL_qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-ChineseNYParade-38-BL_qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-ChineseNYParade-38-BL_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-ChineseNYParade-38-BL_qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lisa Performing Arts perform during the Chinese New Year Parade in San Francisco on Feb. 24, 2024. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11977014\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11977014\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-ChineseNYParade-22-BL_qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-ChineseNYParade-22-BL_qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-ChineseNYParade-22-BL_qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-ChineseNYParade-22-BL_qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-ChineseNYParade-22-BL_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-ChineseNYParade-22-BL_qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Members of Lisa Performing Arts watch the Chinese New Year Parade in San Francisco on Feb. 24, 2024. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Many arrived early to get a good spot or a seat ahead of the parade. Cynthia Lee and her family, who’ve been coming to the annual event for the last five years, were there an hour before the parade started with their lawn chairs set up against the barricade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have family members who are born in the year of the dragon. and this is their year,” Lee said. “It only comes around once every 12 years, and we’ve got a couple people reaching 96 this year, so the fact that they’re still around is already a big deal.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11977008\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11977008\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-ChineseNYParade-55-BL_qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-ChineseNYParade-55-BL_qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-ChineseNYParade-55-BL_qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-ChineseNYParade-55-BL_qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-ChineseNYParade-55-BL_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-ChineseNYParade-55-BL_qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mayor London Breed (left) and City Administrator Carmen Chu wave to the crowd during the Chinese New Year Parade in San Francisco on Feb. 24, 2024. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11977015\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11977015\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-Chinese-new-year-parade-KSM-14_qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-Chinese-new-year-parade-KSM-14_qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-Chinese-new-year-parade-KSM-14_qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-Chinese-new-year-parade-KSM-14_qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-Chinese-new-year-parade-KSM-14_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-Chinese-new-year-parade-KSM-14_qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Participants walk with a dragon at the Chinese New Year Festival and Parade in San Francisco on Feb. 24, 2024. \u003ccite>(Kathryn Styer Martínez/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Calvin Hom, 73, started coming to the parade when he was 12 years old, but this year’s is the first he’s been to in 10 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“After the weather, we’ve been having, it’s so beautiful tonight, and after the pandemic, we gotta come out and celebrate,” said Hom, who was gifted a seat in the bleachers by a “fabulous, fabulous” friend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a celebration of life. … It’s wall-to-wall people, I love it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11977016\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11977016\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-Chinese-new-year-parade-KSM-12_qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-Chinese-new-year-parade-KSM-12_qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-Chinese-new-year-parade-KSM-12_qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-Chinese-new-year-parade-KSM-12_qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-Chinese-new-year-parade-KSM-12_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-Chinese-new-year-parade-KSM-12_qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Calvin Hom, 74, attends the Chinese New Festival and Parade in San Francisco on Feb. 24, 2024. Hom is a San Francisco native and was born in the SF Chinese Hospital. \u003ccite>(Kathryn Styer Martínez/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11977002\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11977002\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-ChineseNYParade-29-BL_qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-ChineseNYParade-29-BL_qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-ChineseNYParade-29-BL_qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-ChineseNYParade-29-BL_qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-ChineseNYParade-29-BL_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-ChineseNYParade-29-BL_qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Yau Kung Moon performs during the Chinese New Year Parade in San Francisco on Feb. 24, 2024. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The parade featured floats and a nearly 300-foot dragon puppet, with Golden Globe-winning comedian and actor Awkwafina as grand marshal. There are also five wooden dragon statues across the city, produced by local artists for the Lunar New Year celebrations, which will continue through March 3.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11977009\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11977009\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-ChineseNYParade-10-BL_qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-ChineseNYParade-10-BL_qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-ChineseNYParade-10-BL_qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-ChineseNYParade-10-BL_qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-ChineseNYParade-10-BL_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-ChineseNYParade-10-BL_qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Spectators watch the Chinese New Year Parade in San Francisco on Feb. 24, 2024. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Elianna Goldstein, who used to go to the parade when she was a kid, was back for the first time in 20 years with her two kids, aged 7 and 11.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I remember always dodging between legs trying to see anything, so I’m very excited that we have this spot, and [my kids are] going to be able to see everything up close.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11977010\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11977010\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-ChineseNYParade-27-BL_qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-ChineseNYParade-27-BL_qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-ChineseNYParade-27-BL_qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-ChineseNYParade-27-BL_qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-ChineseNYParade-27-BL_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-ChineseNYParade-27-BL_qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Firecrackers are set off at the Chinese New Year Parade in San Francisco on Feb. 24, 2024. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Year of the Dragon officially began on Feb. 10 and is the fifth of the 12-year cycle of animals in the Chinese zodiac, considered a powerful and lucky sign, with those born that year being considered innovative thinkers with inquisitive minds. This is the year of the wood dragon, one of five elements along with water, earth, fire and metal. It lasts until Jan. 28 and will be followed by the Year of the Snake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11977011\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11977011\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-ChineseNYParade-31-BL_qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-ChineseNYParade-31-BL_qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-ChineseNYParade-31-BL_qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-ChineseNYParade-31-BL_qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-ChineseNYParade-31-BL_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-ChineseNYParade-31-BL_qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Yau Kung Moon performs during the Chinese New Year Parade in San Francisco on Feb. 24, 2024. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11977018\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11977018\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-Chinese-new-year-parade-KSM-18_qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-Chinese-new-year-parade-KSM-18_qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-Chinese-new-year-parade-KSM-18_qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-Chinese-new-year-parade-KSM-18_qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-Chinese-new-year-parade-KSM-18_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-Chinese-new-year-parade-KSM-18_qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lion dancers at the Chinese New Year Festival and Parade in San Francisco on Feb. 24, 2024. \u003ccite>(Kathryn Styer Martínez/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For Alex Rodriguez, who was there with her 5-year-old, the experience this year was nostalgic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was really fun when I was young; I grew up in Castro Valley, and [[our school]] would do a little dragon parade for us when I was little, so I wanted to pass on the joy,” she said. “It’s amazing. I love the costumes, the people, everybody’s so friendly. … The lion dances have also been my favorite since I was little.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11977012\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11977012\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-ChineseNYParade-03-BL_qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-ChineseNYParade-03-BL_qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-ChineseNYParade-03-BL_qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-ChineseNYParade-03-BL_qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-ChineseNYParade-03-BL_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-ChineseNYParade-03-BL_qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Garfield Elementary School prepares to march at the Chinese New Year Parade in San Francisco on Feb. 24, 2024. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Besides the parade, there is a Community Street Fair on Saturday and Sunday, 5:15–8 p.m., with food vendors, activities, folk dancing, opera and drumming performances organized by the San Francisco Chinese Chamber of Commerce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11977013\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11977013\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-ChineseNYParade-60-BL_qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-ChineseNYParade-60-BL_qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-ChineseNYParade-60-BL_qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-ChineseNYParade-60-BL_qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-ChineseNYParade-60-BL_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-ChineseNYParade-60-BL_qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fireworks go off at the Chinese New Year Parade in San Francisco on Feb. 24, 2024. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Juan Carlos Lara, Lakshmi Sarah, Dana Cronin and Attila Pelit contributed to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Thousands gathered to celebrate the Lunar New Year and the Year of the Dragon in downtown San Francisco, with an impressive dragon puppet and Awkwafina as grand marshal.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1708974548,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":18,"wordCount":946},"headData":{"title":"Crowds (and Dragons) Pack Chinatown for San Francisco's Chinese New Year Parade | KQED","description":"Thousands gathered to celebrate the Lunar New Year and the Year of the Dragon in downtown San Francisco, with an impressive dragon puppet and Awkwafina as grand marshal.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11976974/crowds-and-dragons-pack-chinatown-for-san-franciscos-chinese-new-year-parade","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Thousands lined the streets of Chinatown Saturday for San Francisco’s dazzling annual \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11976610/your-guide-to-the-2024-san-francisco-chinese-new-year-parade\">Chinese New Year Parade\u003c/a> that celebrates the Lunar New Year and the Chinese \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/13951648/lunar-new-year-of-the-dragon-superstitions-celebrations\">Year of the Dragon\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beginning at Second and Market streets in downtown San Francisco at 5:15 p.m., the nearly three-hour parade made its way through Chinatown on a 1.3-mile course that rounded Union Square before ending at Kearny and Columbus Avenue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11977001\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11977001\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-Chinese-new-year-parade-KSM-10_qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-Chinese-new-year-parade-KSM-10_qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-Chinese-new-year-parade-KSM-10_qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-Chinese-new-year-parade-KSM-10_qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-Chinese-new-year-parade-KSM-10_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-Chinese-new-year-parade-KSM-10_qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A dragon passes by at the Chinese New Year Festival and Parade in San Francisco on Feb. 24, 2024. \u003ccite>(Kathryn Styer Martínez/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Organizers of the parade say it’s considered one of the top ten parades in the world by the International Festivals & Events Association and \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/sf-chinese-new-year-18678491.php\">the biggest Lunar New Year parade outside of Asia\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11977004\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11977004\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-ChineseNYParade-38-BL_qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-ChineseNYParade-38-BL_qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-ChineseNYParade-38-BL_qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-ChineseNYParade-38-BL_qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-ChineseNYParade-38-BL_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-ChineseNYParade-38-BL_qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lisa Performing Arts perform during the Chinese New Year Parade in San Francisco on Feb. 24, 2024. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11977014\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11977014\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-ChineseNYParade-22-BL_qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-ChineseNYParade-22-BL_qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-ChineseNYParade-22-BL_qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-ChineseNYParade-22-BL_qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-ChineseNYParade-22-BL_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-ChineseNYParade-22-BL_qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Members of Lisa Performing Arts watch the Chinese New Year Parade in San Francisco on Feb. 24, 2024. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Many arrived early to get a good spot or a seat ahead of the parade. Cynthia Lee and her family, who’ve been coming to the annual event for the last five years, were there an hour before the parade started with their lawn chairs set up against the barricade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have family members who are born in the year of the dragon. and this is their year,” Lee said. “It only comes around once every 12 years, and we’ve got a couple people reaching 96 this year, so the fact that they’re still around is already a big deal.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11977008\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11977008\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-ChineseNYParade-55-BL_qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-ChineseNYParade-55-BL_qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-ChineseNYParade-55-BL_qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-ChineseNYParade-55-BL_qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-ChineseNYParade-55-BL_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-ChineseNYParade-55-BL_qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mayor London Breed (left) and City Administrator Carmen Chu wave to the crowd during the Chinese New Year Parade in San Francisco on Feb. 24, 2024. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11977015\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11977015\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-Chinese-new-year-parade-KSM-14_qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-Chinese-new-year-parade-KSM-14_qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-Chinese-new-year-parade-KSM-14_qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-Chinese-new-year-parade-KSM-14_qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-Chinese-new-year-parade-KSM-14_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-Chinese-new-year-parade-KSM-14_qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Participants walk with a dragon at the Chinese New Year Festival and Parade in San Francisco on Feb. 24, 2024. \u003ccite>(Kathryn Styer Martínez/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Calvin Hom, 73, started coming to the parade when he was 12 years old, but this year’s is the first he’s been to in 10 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“After the weather, we’ve been having, it’s so beautiful tonight, and after the pandemic, we gotta come out and celebrate,” said Hom, who was gifted a seat in the bleachers by a “fabulous, fabulous” friend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a celebration of life. … It’s wall-to-wall people, I love it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11977016\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11977016\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-Chinese-new-year-parade-KSM-12_qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-Chinese-new-year-parade-KSM-12_qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-Chinese-new-year-parade-KSM-12_qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-Chinese-new-year-parade-KSM-12_qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-Chinese-new-year-parade-KSM-12_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-Chinese-new-year-parade-KSM-12_qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Calvin Hom, 74, attends the Chinese New Festival and Parade in San Francisco on Feb. 24, 2024. Hom is a San Francisco native and was born in the SF Chinese Hospital. \u003ccite>(Kathryn Styer Martínez/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11977002\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11977002\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-ChineseNYParade-29-BL_qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-ChineseNYParade-29-BL_qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-ChineseNYParade-29-BL_qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-ChineseNYParade-29-BL_qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-ChineseNYParade-29-BL_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-ChineseNYParade-29-BL_qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Yau Kung Moon performs during the Chinese New Year Parade in San Francisco on Feb. 24, 2024. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The parade featured floats and a nearly 300-foot dragon puppet, with Golden Globe-winning comedian and actor Awkwafina as grand marshal. There are also five wooden dragon statues across the city, produced by local artists for the Lunar New Year celebrations, which will continue through March 3.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11977009\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11977009\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-ChineseNYParade-10-BL_qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-ChineseNYParade-10-BL_qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-ChineseNYParade-10-BL_qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-ChineseNYParade-10-BL_qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-ChineseNYParade-10-BL_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-ChineseNYParade-10-BL_qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Spectators watch the Chinese New Year Parade in San Francisco on Feb. 24, 2024. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Elianna Goldstein, who used to go to the parade when she was a kid, was back for the first time in 20 years with her two kids, aged 7 and 11.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I remember always dodging between legs trying to see anything, so I’m very excited that we have this spot, and [my kids are] going to be able to see everything up close.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11977010\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11977010\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-ChineseNYParade-27-BL_qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-ChineseNYParade-27-BL_qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-ChineseNYParade-27-BL_qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-ChineseNYParade-27-BL_qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-ChineseNYParade-27-BL_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-ChineseNYParade-27-BL_qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Firecrackers are set off at the Chinese New Year Parade in San Francisco on Feb. 24, 2024. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Year of the Dragon officially began on Feb. 10 and is the fifth of the 12-year cycle of animals in the Chinese zodiac, considered a powerful and lucky sign, with those born that year being considered innovative thinkers with inquisitive minds. This is the year of the wood dragon, one of five elements along with water, earth, fire and metal. It lasts until Jan. 28 and will be followed by the Year of the Snake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11977011\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11977011\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-ChineseNYParade-31-BL_qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-ChineseNYParade-31-BL_qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-ChineseNYParade-31-BL_qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-ChineseNYParade-31-BL_qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-ChineseNYParade-31-BL_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-ChineseNYParade-31-BL_qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Yau Kung Moon performs during the Chinese New Year Parade in San Francisco on Feb. 24, 2024. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11977018\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11977018\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-Chinese-new-year-parade-KSM-18_qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-Chinese-new-year-parade-KSM-18_qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-Chinese-new-year-parade-KSM-18_qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-Chinese-new-year-parade-KSM-18_qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-Chinese-new-year-parade-KSM-18_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-Chinese-new-year-parade-KSM-18_qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lion dancers at the Chinese New Year Festival and Parade in San Francisco on Feb. 24, 2024. \u003ccite>(Kathryn Styer Martínez/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For Alex Rodriguez, who was there with her 5-year-old, the experience this year was nostalgic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was really fun when I was young; I grew up in Castro Valley, and [[our school]] would do a little dragon parade for us when I was little, so I wanted to pass on the joy,” she said. “It’s amazing. I love the costumes, the people, everybody’s so friendly. … The lion dances have also been my favorite since I was little.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11977012\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11977012\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-ChineseNYParade-03-BL_qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-ChineseNYParade-03-BL_qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-ChineseNYParade-03-BL_qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-ChineseNYParade-03-BL_qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-ChineseNYParade-03-BL_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-ChineseNYParade-03-BL_qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Garfield Elementary School prepares to march at the Chinese New Year Parade in San Francisco on Feb. 24, 2024. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Besides the parade, there is a Community Street Fair on Saturday and Sunday, 5:15–8 p.m., with food vendors, activities, folk dancing, opera and drumming performances organized by the San Francisco Chinese Chamber of Commerce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11977013\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11977013\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-ChineseNYParade-60-BL_qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-ChineseNYParade-60-BL_qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-ChineseNYParade-60-BL_qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-ChineseNYParade-60-BL_qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-ChineseNYParade-60-BL_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240224-ChineseNYParade-60-BL_qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fireworks go off at the Chinese New Year Parade in San Francisco on Feb. 24, 2024. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Juan Carlos Lara, Lakshmi Sarah, Dana Cronin and Attila Pelit contributed to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11976974/crowds-and-dragons-pack-chinatown-for-san-franciscos-chinese-new-year-parade","authors":["236"],"categories":["news_29992","news_223","news_8"],"tags":["news_32662","news_393","news_23078","news_876","news_30924","news_27626","news_24932","news_2672","news_38"],"featImg":"news_11977003","label":"news"},"news_11891987":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11891987","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11891987","score":null,"sort":[1634341727000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"chinese-immigrants-were-forced-out-of-eureka-in-1885-heres-how-locals-are-making-that-history-known","title":"Chinese Immigrants Were Forced Out of Eureka in 1885 — Here's How Locals Are Making That History Known","publishDate":1634341727,"format":"standard","headTitle":"The California Report Magazine | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":26731,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>Chinese immigrants have played a pivotal role in shaping California throughout its history. During the mid-1860s, they built infrastructure like railroads and boosted economies with their businesses. Their efforts led to flourishing Chinatowns in cities like San Francisco and San Jose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But by 1882, anti-Chinese sentiment and policy \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11877801/san-jose-had-5-chinatowns-why-did-they-vanish\">forced many out of the communities\u003c/a> they helped build. In Humboldt County, nearly all Chinese residents of Eureka were expelled in 1885.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, in Eureka, a small California port town just south of the Oregon border, local Chinese Americans and their allies are fighting to bring a more complete local history to the surface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There used to be a Chinatown here,” said Brieanne Mirjah D’Souza, the coordinator for the\u003ca href=\"https://hapihumboldt.org/Eureka-Chinatown-Project\"> Eureka Chinatown Project\u003c/a>. “Not only a Chinatown, but a thriving, vibrant Chinatown, and it's no longer here. We don't even talk about it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>D’Souza, who is Chinese American and West Indian, has been organizing to memorialize the city’s Chinatown. The historic block, which is bounded by F and E Streets, was home to hundreds of immigrants who came to work in Northern California before they were forced out by a mob of white settlers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11892110\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11892110\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/ChinatownDocuments-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/ChinatownDocuments-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/ChinatownDocuments-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/ChinatownDocuments-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/ChinatownDocuments-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/ChinatownDocuments-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/ChinatownDocuments-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A photo of a Chinese vendor carrying his goods is displayed inside the Clarke Historical Museum. \u003ccite>(Photo by Héctor Alejandro Arzate)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We just wanted to put up a plaque saying Chinatown was here,” D’Souza said. “We were here, and we helped build modern-day Humboldt County and Eureka as we know it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With support from the city and the local\u003ca href=\"http://www.clarkemuseum.org/\"> Clarke Historical Museum\u003c/a> the effort has grown way beyond a simple plaque, D’Souza said. In late August, the city unveiled a large mural, titled “Fowl,” to pay homage to its former Chinese residents. The work was painted by Oakland artist Dave Kim and features a large mandarin duck, the silhouette of the former Chinatown, and a portrait of Ben Chin, a Chinese American Army veteran who opened Eureka's Canton Cafe in 1954.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>The Eureka plan\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>On February 6, 1885, Eureka Councilmember David Kendall was walking near Chinatown when he was shot and killed in the crossfire of a shootout. Soon after, a crowd of about 300 mostly white people gathered at the city’s Centennial Hall. According to Katie Buesch, the director of the Clarke Historical Museum, the crowd grew angry and blamed Chinese “gangsters” for Kendall’s death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There was a precedent around the West to do things like burn down Chinatowns with the residents inside, running people out of town, boycotting Chinese businesses or employers who employed Chinese workers,” Buesch said. “Eureka went a different route.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11892118\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11892118\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/BueschePoints-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/BueschePoints-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/BueschePoints-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/BueschePoints-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/BueschePoints-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/BueschePoints-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/BueschePoints-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Buesch reviews a modified Sanborn map from May 1886. The Sanborn Map Company made detailed maps of cities to determine risks for insuring businesses against fire. \u003ccite>(Photo by Héctor Alejandro Arzate)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A local white businessman who owned most of the block pleaded with the mob to spare his buildings. Instead, the crowd formed a committee of fifteen local leaders, which ordered all Chinese residents to leave Eureka within 48 hours. They arranged for ships to take the entire community down to the port of San Francisco and threatened anybody who stayed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Buesch, the mob set up gallows nearby with signs that threatened to hang all who remained. She said they also hung effigies made to look like Chinese people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It's called the 'Eureka Plan,' and it was replicated in many parts of Humboldt County and also in other areas around the West,” Buesch said. “It was touted as really successful, this ‘nonviolent’ way of removing people from places where they've lived for decades or many years, in some cases.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11892103\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11892103\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/ChinatownLeft1885-800x541.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"541\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/ChinatownLeft1885-800x541.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/ChinatownLeft1885-1020x690.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/ChinatownLeft1885-160x108.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/ChinatownLeft1885-1536x1038.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/ChinatownLeft1885-2048x1384.jpg 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/ChinatownLeft1885-1920x1298.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A black and white photo of Eureka's Chinatown after its residents were forced out in 1885. \u003ccite>(Photo provided by the Clarke Historical Museum)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Anti-Chinese expulsions and riots are well documented throughout the West, but Buesch said many of the details in Eureka have long been one-sided as a result of local newspapers celebrating the event for its nonviolence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It's a much deeper story and one that's plagued with lots of issues around finding historical documents that really tell you the full accurate story,” Buesch said. “But how can it be nonviolent if you're forcibly removing people?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Wing Hing v. Eureka\u003c/em>, and the legacy of Charlie Moon\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11892143\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 767px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11892143\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/WingHingpage1-e1634160892536.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"767\" height=\"1279\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/WingHingpage1-e1634160892536.png 767w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/WingHingpage1-e1634160892536-160x267.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 767px) 100vw, 767px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The first page of Wing Hing v. The City of Eureka. The court case was brought on by 53 Chinese residents who were expelled from Eureka. \u003ccite>(Special Collections Digitized Publications at Humboldt State University)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Many of the displaced Chinese residents were business owners who were forced to leave their property and savings behind, according to some historical documents. Rather than resign themselves to the financial loss, 53 residents filed a lawsuit for reparations — \u003ca href=\"https://digitalcommons.humboldt.edu/archivepub/11/\">Wing Hing v. Eureka\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was the first lawsuit for reparations filed by Chinese residents against a city, and it was a very big deal that it happened at all,” Buesch said. “The Chinese were found to not own any property because they weren't legal citizens of the United States. So the case was thrown out against the city and the reparations were not made.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although the lawsuit was unsuccessful, Buesch said the resistance made by Chinese immigrants throughout Humboldt County is a crucial part of history that’s often left out. Meanwhile, D’Souza said other individuals who stood their ground should be celebrated, including one man named Charlie Moon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He represents the Chinese people that stayed behind, that resisted and fought back in some way,\" said D’Souza. “And that's so important because this isn't a victim story.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like many immigrants who moved to Humboldt County, Moon found work in manual labor during the late 1800s, earning his keep as a ranch hand for a man named Tom Bair nearby in Redwood Creek. But soon after the expulsion, some men got word that Moon was still in Humboldt County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Buesch, the men showed up to the ranch carrying weapons and demanded that Bair give Moon up. Bair stood up for Moon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The story goes that Tom Bair picks up a shotgun and said, ‘If you want, Charlie, you've got to get through me first,’” Buesch said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Charlie Moon never left Humboldt County. When Bair and his wife died, Moon raised the couple’s children. He married a Native Chilula woman named Minnie Tom. Many of their descendants, like Yolanda Latham, still live in the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Latham said her great-great-great-grandfather — and others like him — built Humboldt County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11892105\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11892105\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/image0-800x1067.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/image0-800x1067.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/image0-1020x1360.jpeg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/image0-160x213.jpeg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/image0-1152x1536.jpeg 1152w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/image0.jpeg 1512w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Charlie Moon poses for a photo. Date unknown. \u003ccite>(Photo provided by Yolanda Latham)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“When you look around Humboldt County or any county in California, you have to ask yourself, how did they get that?” Latham said. “That was on the backs of the Chinese and the workers and the Native Americans that they had to move out of the way or use.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Latham said she sees Moon as a survivor. Still, she can’t help but think of the hardships he and his family went through.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would love to say Charlie Moon had an amazing story, but he worked hard and he probably saw a lot of hard things and had to go through a lot of difficult moments,” Latham said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>69 years later, Ben Chin\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Latham commends the Eureka Chinatown Project for its effort to acknowledge the hard truths in Humboldt’s past. She said it's an especially crucial story to tell at a time of renewed anti-Asian violence throughout the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It's like a beaming light that needs to be put on Humboldt County and the counties around here,” Latham said. “I think we need to be honest about the history. We need to be truthful about it and accept it. What's done is done, but at least acknowledge it and memorialize it so that it’s not dismissed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>D’Souza said Humboldt County Chinese American history did not end after the expulsion. In 1954, a Chinese American Army veteran named Ben Chin moved to Eureka and opened up Canton Cafe. Although he wasn’t part of the group of residents who were forced out in 1885, he is thought to be the first Chinese American to settle in Eureka after nearly 70 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He was the first to kind of come back and publicly say ‘I am Chinese, here is my Chinese restaurant and come and enjoy it,’” D’Souza said. “He did face a lot of discrimination when he came back. A lot of threats, a lot of just people badgering him, telling him to leave and close up shop. And he resisted. He stayed. That was a very courageous thing for him to do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chin went on to open multiple restaurants in Eureka despite the hardships he faced. He died in 2019.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, less than three percent of Humboldt County identifies as Asian American. According to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/humboldtcountycalifornia,US/RHI425219\">latest census data\u003c/a>, that's slightly fewer than 4,000 people in the entire county.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some cities, like \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11890341/san-jose-to-apologize-for-the-1887-burning-of-the-citys-chinatown\">San Jose, are apologizing for destroying Chinatowns\u003c/a> and displacing their residents. D’Souza said Eureka has not taken that action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We've not received a formal apology in terms of the expulsion of 1885 and the decades of discrimination after that,” D’Souza said. “It's so important to be able to see your culture and your history reflected in your community. And until this mural went up or until the Chinatown project really started, I can't really say that I felt that way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She sees the support she’s received from local leaders as a tangible step in the right direction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11892117\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11892117\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/Brieanne-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/Brieanne-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/Brieanne-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/Brieanne-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/Brieanne-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/Brieanne-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/Brieanne-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Brieanne Mirjah D'Souza, project coordinator for the Eureka Chinatown Project, points at a map of Eureka. \u003ccite>(Photo by Héctor Alejandro Arzate)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Eureka Chinatown Project plans on establishing a new monument on the block within the next year. They are also working with the city to rename the alley after Charlie Moon. Eventually, they want to implement Chinese history in the local school curriculum. As a new mother, D’Souza said she’s hopeful for what the future holds for her son.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I'm excited for my son to be able to grow up one day and be able to come here and see this,” she said, “to feel included and to be part of the story being told in our community.”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Local leaders gave residents of Eureka's Chinatown 48 hours to leave and threatened anybody who stayed.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1634593566,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":39,"wordCount":1831},"headData":{"title":"Chinese Immigrants Were Forced Out of Eureka in 1885 — Here's How Locals Are Making That History Known | KQED","description":"Local leaders gave residents of Eureka's Chinatown 48 hours to leave and threatened anybody who stayed.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"11891987 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11891987","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2021/10/15/chinese-immigrants-were-forced-out-of-eureka-in-1885-heres-how-locals-are-making-that-history-known/","disqusTitle":"Chinese Immigrants Were Forced Out of Eureka in 1885 — Here's How Locals Are Making That History Known","audioUrl":"https://traffic.omny.fm/d/clips/0af137ef-751e-4b19-a055-aaef00d2d578/ffca7e9f-6831-41c5-bcaf-aaef00f5a073/dcbc3108-22ed-443d-8f36-adc20164bfcc/audio.mp3","path":"/news/11891987/chinese-immigrants-were-forced-out-of-eureka-in-1885-heres-how-locals-are-making-that-history-known","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Chinese immigrants have played a pivotal role in shaping California throughout its history. During the mid-1860s, they built infrastructure like railroads and boosted economies with their businesses. Their efforts led to flourishing Chinatowns in cities like San Francisco and San Jose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But by 1882, anti-Chinese sentiment and policy \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11877801/san-jose-had-5-chinatowns-why-did-they-vanish\">forced many out of the communities\u003c/a> they helped build. In Humboldt County, nearly all Chinese residents of Eureka were expelled in 1885.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, in Eureka, a small California port town just south of the Oregon border, local Chinese Americans and their allies are fighting to bring a more complete local history to the surface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There used to be a Chinatown here,” said Brieanne Mirjah D’Souza, the coordinator for the\u003ca href=\"https://hapihumboldt.org/Eureka-Chinatown-Project\"> Eureka Chinatown Project\u003c/a>. “Not only a Chinatown, but a thriving, vibrant Chinatown, and it's no longer here. We don't even talk about it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>D’Souza, who is Chinese American and West Indian, has been organizing to memorialize the city’s Chinatown. The historic block, which is bounded by F and E Streets, was home to hundreds of immigrants who came to work in Northern California before they were forced out by a mob of white settlers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11892110\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11892110\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/ChinatownDocuments-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/ChinatownDocuments-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/ChinatownDocuments-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/ChinatownDocuments-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/ChinatownDocuments-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/ChinatownDocuments-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/ChinatownDocuments-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A photo of a Chinese vendor carrying his goods is displayed inside the Clarke Historical Museum. \u003ccite>(Photo by Héctor Alejandro Arzate)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We just wanted to put up a plaque saying Chinatown was here,” D’Souza said. “We were here, and we helped build modern-day Humboldt County and Eureka as we know it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With support from the city and the local\u003ca href=\"http://www.clarkemuseum.org/\"> Clarke Historical Museum\u003c/a> the effort has grown way beyond a simple plaque, D’Souza said. In late August, the city unveiled a large mural, titled “Fowl,” to pay homage to its former Chinese residents. The work was painted by Oakland artist Dave Kim and features a large mandarin duck, the silhouette of the former Chinatown, and a portrait of Ben Chin, a Chinese American Army veteran who opened Eureka's Canton Cafe in 1954.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>The Eureka plan\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>On February 6, 1885, Eureka Councilmember David Kendall was walking near Chinatown when he was shot and killed in the crossfire of a shootout. Soon after, a crowd of about 300 mostly white people gathered at the city’s Centennial Hall. According to Katie Buesch, the director of the Clarke Historical Museum, the crowd grew angry and blamed Chinese “gangsters” for Kendall’s death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There was a precedent around the West to do things like burn down Chinatowns with the residents inside, running people out of town, boycotting Chinese businesses or employers who employed Chinese workers,” Buesch said. “Eureka went a different route.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11892118\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11892118\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/BueschePoints-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/BueschePoints-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/BueschePoints-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/BueschePoints-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/BueschePoints-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/BueschePoints-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/BueschePoints-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Buesch reviews a modified Sanborn map from May 1886. The Sanborn Map Company made detailed maps of cities to determine risks for insuring businesses against fire. \u003ccite>(Photo by Héctor Alejandro Arzate)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A local white businessman who owned most of the block pleaded with the mob to spare his buildings. Instead, the crowd formed a committee of fifteen local leaders, which ordered all Chinese residents to leave Eureka within 48 hours. They arranged for ships to take the entire community down to the port of San Francisco and threatened anybody who stayed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Buesch, the mob set up gallows nearby with signs that threatened to hang all who remained. She said they also hung effigies made to look like Chinese people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It's called the 'Eureka Plan,' and it was replicated in many parts of Humboldt County and also in other areas around the West,” Buesch said. “It was touted as really successful, this ‘nonviolent’ way of removing people from places where they've lived for decades or many years, in some cases.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11892103\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11892103\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/ChinatownLeft1885-800x541.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"541\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/ChinatownLeft1885-800x541.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/ChinatownLeft1885-1020x690.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/ChinatownLeft1885-160x108.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/ChinatownLeft1885-1536x1038.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/ChinatownLeft1885-2048x1384.jpg 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/ChinatownLeft1885-1920x1298.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A black and white photo of Eureka's Chinatown after its residents were forced out in 1885. \u003ccite>(Photo provided by the Clarke Historical Museum)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Anti-Chinese expulsions and riots are well documented throughout the West, but Buesch said many of the details in Eureka have long been one-sided as a result of local newspapers celebrating the event for its nonviolence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It's a much deeper story and one that's plagued with lots of issues around finding historical documents that really tell you the full accurate story,” Buesch said. “But how can it be nonviolent if you're forcibly removing people?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Wing Hing v. Eureka\u003c/em>, and the legacy of Charlie Moon\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11892143\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 767px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11892143\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/WingHingpage1-e1634160892536.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"767\" height=\"1279\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/WingHingpage1-e1634160892536.png 767w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/WingHingpage1-e1634160892536-160x267.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 767px) 100vw, 767px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The first page of Wing Hing v. The City of Eureka. The court case was brought on by 53 Chinese residents who were expelled from Eureka. \u003ccite>(Special Collections Digitized Publications at Humboldt State University)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Many of the displaced Chinese residents were business owners who were forced to leave their property and savings behind, according to some historical documents. Rather than resign themselves to the financial loss, 53 residents filed a lawsuit for reparations — \u003ca href=\"https://digitalcommons.humboldt.edu/archivepub/11/\">Wing Hing v. Eureka\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was the first lawsuit for reparations filed by Chinese residents against a city, and it was a very big deal that it happened at all,” Buesch said. “The Chinese were found to not own any property because they weren't legal citizens of the United States. So the case was thrown out against the city and the reparations were not made.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although the lawsuit was unsuccessful, Buesch said the resistance made by Chinese immigrants throughout Humboldt County is a crucial part of history that’s often left out. Meanwhile, D’Souza said other individuals who stood their ground should be celebrated, including one man named Charlie Moon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He represents the Chinese people that stayed behind, that resisted and fought back in some way,\" said D’Souza. “And that's so important because this isn't a victim story.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like many immigrants who moved to Humboldt County, Moon found work in manual labor during the late 1800s, earning his keep as a ranch hand for a man named Tom Bair nearby in Redwood Creek. But soon after the expulsion, some men got word that Moon was still in Humboldt County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Buesch, the men showed up to the ranch carrying weapons and demanded that Bair give Moon up. Bair stood up for Moon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The story goes that Tom Bair picks up a shotgun and said, ‘If you want, Charlie, you've got to get through me first,’” Buesch said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Charlie Moon never left Humboldt County. When Bair and his wife died, Moon raised the couple’s children. He married a Native Chilula woman named Minnie Tom. Many of their descendants, like Yolanda Latham, still live in the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Latham said her great-great-great-grandfather — and others like him — built Humboldt County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11892105\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11892105\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/image0-800x1067.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/image0-800x1067.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/image0-1020x1360.jpeg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/image0-160x213.jpeg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/image0-1152x1536.jpeg 1152w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/image0.jpeg 1512w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Charlie Moon poses for a photo. Date unknown. \u003ccite>(Photo provided by Yolanda Latham)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“When you look around Humboldt County or any county in California, you have to ask yourself, how did they get that?” Latham said. “That was on the backs of the Chinese and the workers and the Native Americans that they had to move out of the way or use.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Latham said she sees Moon as a survivor. Still, she can’t help but think of the hardships he and his family went through.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would love to say Charlie Moon had an amazing story, but he worked hard and he probably saw a lot of hard things and had to go through a lot of difficult moments,” Latham said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>69 years later, Ben Chin\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Latham commends the Eureka Chinatown Project for its effort to acknowledge the hard truths in Humboldt’s past. She said it's an especially crucial story to tell at a time of renewed anti-Asian violence throughout the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It's like a beaming light that needs to be put on Humboldt County and the counties around here,” Latham said. “I think we need to be honest about the history. We need to be truthful about it and accept it. What's done is done, but at least acknowledge it and memorialize it so that it’s not dismissed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>D’Souza said Humboldt County Chinese American history did not end after the expulsion. In 1954, a Chinese American Army veteran named Ben Chin moved to Eureka and opened up Canton Cafe. Although he wasn’t part of the group of residents who were forced out in 1885, he is thought to be the first Chinese American to settle in Eureka after nearly 70 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He was the first to kind of come back and publicly say ‘I am Chinese, here is my Chinese restaurant and come and enjoy it,’” D’Souza said. “He did face a lot of discrimination when he came back. A lot of threats, a lot of just people badgering him, telling him to leave and close up shop. And he resisted. He stayed. That was a very courageous thing for him to do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chin went on to open multiple restaurants in Eureka despite the hardships he faced. He died in 2019.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, less than three percent of Humboldt County identifies as Asian American. According to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/humboldtcountycalifornia,US/RHI425219\">latest census data\u003c/a>, that's slightly fewer than 4,000 people in the entire county.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some cities, like \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11890341/san-jose-to-apologize-for-the-1887-burning-of-the-citys-chinatown\">San Jose, are apologizing for destroying Chinatowns\u003c/a> and displacing their residents. D’Souza said Eureka has not taken that action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We've not received a formal apology in terms of the expulsion of 1885 and the decades of discrimination after that,” D’Souza said. “It's so important to be able to see your culture and your history reflected in your community. And until this mural went up or until the Chinatown project really started, I can't really say that I felt that way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She sees the support she’s received from local leaders as a tangible step in the right direction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11892117\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11892117\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/Brieanne-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/Brieanne-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/Brieanne-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/Brieanne-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/Brieanne-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/Brieanne-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/Brieanne-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Brieanne Mirjah D'Souza, project coordinator for the Eureka Chinatown Project, points at a map of Eureka. \u003ccite>(Photo by Héctor Alejandro Arzate)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Eureka Chinatown Project plans on establishing a new monument on the block within the next year. They are also working with the city to rename the alley after Charlie Moon. Eventually, they want to implement Chinese history in the local school curriculum. As a new mother, D’Souza said she’s hopeful for what the future holds for her son.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I'm excited for my son to be able to grow up one day and be able to come here and see this,” she said, “to feel included and to be part of the story being told in our community.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11891987/chinese-immigrants-were-forced-out-of-eureka-in-1885-heres-how-locals-are-making-that-history-known","authors":["11727"],"programs":["news_26731"],"categories":["news_1169","news_8"],"tags":["news_30051","news_30052","news_18538","news_20397","news_30053","news_393","news_23078","news_23114","news_23152","news_30049","news_30050","news_5923","news_20202"],"featImg":"news_11892132","label":"news_26731"},"news_11890341":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11890341","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11890341","score":null,"sort":[1632875792000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"san-jose-to-apologize-for-the-1887-burning-of-the-citys-chinatown","title":"San José Formally Apologizes for the 1887 Burning of the City's Chinatown","publishDate":1632875792,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>The city of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11877801/san-jose-had-5-chinatowns-why-did-they-vanish\">San José once was home to one of the largest Chinatowns in California\u003c/a>. In the heart of downtown, it was the center of life for Chinese immigrants who worked on nearby farms and in orchards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11877801\" hero=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/1997-300-1119-1020x792.jpg\"]More than a century after arsonists burned it to the ground in 1887, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sBzze0ZMYv4\">San José City Council approved in a unanimous vote a resolution on Tuesday afternoon to apologize to Chinese immigrants\u003c/a> and their descendants for the role the city played in “systemic and institutional racism, xenophobia, and discrimination.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San José, with a population of over 1 million, is the largest city in the country to formally apologize to Chinese communities for its treatment of their ancestors. In May, the city of Antioch apologized for its mistreatment of Chinese immigrants, who built tunnels to get home from work because they were banned from walking the streets after sundown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It's important that every generation express their own contrition,” San José Mayor Sam Liccardo said at Tuesday's meeting. \"We've seen [this history] repeat itself in our own community of San José.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The apologies come amid a wave of attacks against Asian and Asian American communities since the start of the pandemic last year. A resolution ceremony, which will include a space for members of the Chinese American community to respond to the apology, is set to take place at noon on Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Sam Liccardo, mayor of San José\"]'It's important that every generation express their own contrition.'[/pullquote]Other cities, specifically in the Pacific Northwest, have issued apologies in decades past. California, too, apologized in 2009 to Chinese workers and Congress has apologized for the Chinese Exclusion Act, which was approved in 1882 and made Chinese residents the targets of the nation’s first law limiting immigration based on race or nationality\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11877801/san-jose-had-5-chinatowns-why-did-they-vanish\">had five Chinatowns, but the largest one was built in 1872\u003c/a>. But in 1877, The San José Mercury News featured front page testimony from city leaders including the fire and police chiefs, the street commissioner and the mayor with one message: Chinatown must go.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was of their opinion that the general condition of the locality in a sanitary point of view could not be worse and in an aesthetic or moral sense, it was revolting,\" the testimony read.\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003cbr>\nThen-Mayor Charles Breyfogle and the city council voted unanimously to get rid of the Second Market Street Chinatown. But before any official action was taken, the Chinatown was burned down. That made it the third Chinatown in San José that residents burned down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Tuesday's resolution, hundreds of homes and businesses were destroyed and around 1,400 people were displaced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“An apology for grievous injustices cannot erase the past, but admission of the historic wrongdoings committed can aid us in solving the critical problems of racial discrimination facing America today,” the resolution reads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chinese immigrants started coming to California in large numbers during the Gold Rush in the mid-1800s. They worked in mines, built the transcontinental railroad, toiled in farms and helped develop the abalone and shrimp industries. By 1870, there were about 63,000 Chinese people in the United States, 77% of them residing in California, according to the resolution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chinese immigrants faced racism and were forced out of towns. They were denied the right to own property, marry white people and attend public schools. They also were subjected to violence and intimidation and denied equal protection by the courts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In San José, an Episcopal church where Chinese immigrants attended Sunday school was burned to the ground, Chinese laundries were condemned based on being housed in wooden buildings and the first state convention of the Anti-Chinese League was held in 1886, according to the resolution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Connie Young Yu, historian and author\"]'This is beyond an apology. It is taking responsibility, which is a beautiful thing to me.'[/pullquote]Connie Young Yu, a historian and author of “Chinatown, San Jose, USA,” said her grandfather was a teenage refugee from the 1887 fire. Her father was born in the last existing Chinatown built in San José. The community was established in a new location with the help of German immigrant John Heinlen, despite threats to his life. But that Chinatown, known as Heninlenville, disappeared after the Chinese population dwindled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yu said the official apology gives her an “enormous sense of reconciliation and a sense of peace.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is beyond an apology. It is taking responsibility, which is a beautiful thing to me,” Yu added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label ='More Stories from the South Bay' tag='san-jose']Gerrye Wong, who helped found the Chinese Historical and Cultural Project in San José, said she, Yu and other community members will formally accept the apology at a ceremony Wednesday near the Fairmont Hotel in downtown San José, which was built where the destroyed Chinatown once existed. In 1987, city officials dedicated a plaque at the site to mark the fire’s 100th anniversary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wong, a retired teacher, said the apology from the 10th largest city in the country is a teaching moment because this history was not in textbooks or taught in schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As a fourth-generation Chinese American myself, I didn’t know any of this and Chinese people never talked about it,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In this anti-Asian hate environment that we see today, it’s a great step forward because it will bring attention to not only our hardships but also what Chinese communities have contributed to this country,” she added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post includes reporting from KQED's Adhiti Bandlamudi and Carlos Cabrera-Lomelí.\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"San José is the largest city in the country to formally apologize to Chinese and Chinese American communities for its treatment of their ancestors.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1654124319,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":22,"wordCount":1000},"headData":{"title":"San José Formally Apologizes for the 1887 Burning of the City's Chinatown | KQED","description":"San José is the largest city in the country to formally apologize to Chinese and Chinese American communities for its treatment of their ancestors.","ogTitle":"San Jose Formally Apologizes for the 1887 Burning of the City's Chinatown","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"San Jose Formally Apologizes for the 1887 Burning of the City's Chinatown","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"11890341 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11890341","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2021/09/28/san-jose-to-apologize-for-the-1887-burning-of-the-citys-chinatown/","disqusTitle":"San José Formally Apologizes for the 1887 Burning of the City's Chinatown","nprByline":"Olga R. Rodriguez\u003cbr>The Associated Press","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","path":"/news/11890341/san-jose-to-apologize-for-the-1887-burning-of-the-citys-chinatown","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The city of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11877801/san-jose-had-5-chinatowns-why-did-they-vanish\">San José once was home to one of the largest Chinatowns in California\u003c/a>. In the heart of downtown, it was the center of life for Chinese immigrants who worked on nearby farms and in orchards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"news_11877801","hero":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/1997-300-1119-1020x792.jpg","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>More than a century after arsonists burned it to the ground in 1887, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sBzze0ZMYv4\">San José City Council approved in a unanimous vote a resolution on Tuesday afternoon to apologize to Chinese immigrants\u003c/a> and their descendants for the role the city played in “systemic and institutional racism, xenophobia, and discrimination.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San José, with a population of over 1 million, is the largest city in the country to formally apologize to Chinese communities for its treatment of their ancestors. In May, the city of Antioch apologized for its mistreatment of Chinese immigrants, who built tunnels to get home from work because they were banned from walking the streets after sundown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It's important that every generation express their own contrition,” San José Mayor Sam Liccardo said at Tuesday's meeting. \"We've seen [this history] repeat itself in our own community of San José.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The apologies come amid a wave of attacks against Asian and Asian American communities since the start of the pandemic last year. A resolution ceremony, which will include a space for members of the Chinese American community to respond to the apology, is set to take place at noon on Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"'It's important that every generation express their own contrition.'","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"align":"right","size":"medium","citation":"Sam Liccardo, mayor of San José","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Other cities, specifically in the Pacific Northwest, have issued apologies in decades past. California, too, apologized in 2009 to Chinese workers and Congress has apologized for the Chinese Exclusion Act, which was approved in 1882 and made Chinese residents the targets of the nation’s first law limiting immigration based on race or nationality\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11877801/san-jose-had-5-chinatowns-why-did-they-vanish\">had five Chinatowns, but the largest one was built in 1872\u003c/a>. But in 1877, The San José Mercury News featured front page testimony from city leaders including the fire and police chiefs, the street commissioner and the mayor with one message: Chinatown must go.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was of their opinion that the general condition of the locality in a sanitary point of view could not be worse and in an aesthetic or moral sense, it was revolting,\" the testimony read.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cbr>\nThen-Mayor Charles Breyfogle and the city council voted unanimously to get rid of the Second Market Street Chinatown. But before any official action was taken, the Chinatown was burned down. That made it the third Chinatown in San José that residents burned down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Tuesday's resolution, hundreds of homes and businesses were destroyed and around 1,400 people were displaced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“An apology for grievous injustices cannot erase the past, but admission of the historic wrongdoings committed can aid us in solving the critical problems of racial discrimination facing America today,” the resolution reads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chinese immigrants started coming to California in large numbers during the Gold Rush in the mid-1800s. They worked in mines, built the transcontinental railroad, toiled in farms and helped develop the abalone and shrimp industries. By 1870, there were about 63,000 Chinese people in the United States, 77% of them residing in California, according to the resolution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chinese immigrants faced racism and were forced out of towns. They were denied the right to own property, marry white people and attend public schools. They also were subjected to violence and intimidation and denied equal protection by the courts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In San José, an Episcopal church where Chinese immigrants attended Sunday school was burned to the ground, Chinese laundries were condemned based on being housed in wooden buildings and the first state convention of the Anti-Chinese League was held in 1886, according to the resolution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"'This is beyond an apology. It is taking responsibility, which is a beautiful thing to me.'","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"align":"right","size":"medium","citation":"Connie Young Yu, historian and author","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Connie Young Yu, a historian and author of “Chinatown, San Jose, USA,” said her grandfather was a teenage refugee from the 1887 fire. Her father was born in the last existing Chinatown built in San José. The community was established in a new location with the help of German immigrant John Heinlen, despite threats to his life. But that Chinatown, known as Heninlenville, disappeared after the Chinese population dwindled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yu said the official apology gives her an “enormous sense of reconciliation and a sense of peace.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is beyond an apology. It is taking responsibility, which is a beautiful thing to me,” Yu added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"More Stories from the South Bay ","tag":"san-jose"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Gerrye Wong, who helped found the Chinese Historical and Cultural Project in San José, said she, Yu and other community members will formally accept the apology at a ceremony Wednesday near the Fairmont Hotel in downtown San José, which was built where the destroyed Chinatown once existed. In 1987, city officials dedicated a plaque at the site to mark the fire’s 100th anniversary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wong, a retired teacher, said the apology from the 10th largest city in the country is a teaching moment because this history was not in textbooks or taught in schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As a fourth-generation Chinese American myself, I didn’t know any of this and Chinese people never talked about it,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In this anti-Asian hate environment that we see today, it’s a great step forward because it will bring attention to not only our hardships but also what Chinese communities have contributed to this country,” she added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post includes reporting from KQED's Adhiti Bandlamudi and Carlos Cabrera-Lomelí.\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11890341/san-jose-to-apologize-for-the-1887-burning-of-the-citys-chinatown","authors":["byline_news_11890341"],"categories":["news_28250","news_8"],"tags":["news_29711","news_393","news_23078","news_29772","news_23114","news_4273","news_6413","news_18541","news_29159"],"featImg":"news_11890357","label":"news"},"news_11877801":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11877801","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11877801","score":null,"sort":[1623924022000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"san-jose-had-5-chinatowns-why-did-they-vanish","title":"San Jose Had 5 Chinatowns. What Happened To Them?","publishDate":1623924022,"format":"standard","headTitle":"San Jose Had 5 Chinatowns. What Happened To Them? | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>On the West Coast, you can find Chinatowns from Seattle to San Diego. The Bay Area is home to two of the oldest Chinatowns, in San Francisco and Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Jose also has a rich history of Chinatowns — there have been \u003cem>five\u003c/em> Chinatowns in its history. So, why doesn’t San Jose have a Chinatown today?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriouspodcastinfo]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The story starts in the 1850s, when the Gold Rush drew thousands of people to California, including Chinese immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So many of those Chinese immigrants who came were working class,” said \u003ca href=\"https://www.scu.edu/cas/ethnic-studies/faculty--staff/james-s-lai/\">James Lai\u003c/a>, a professor of ethnic studies at Santa Clara University. “They came for the same reason why they still come this very day: for economic opportunity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When they arrived in California, the immigrants realized it was far from the dream of “Gold Mountain.” Some attempted mining for gold, but many others found work building the transcontinental railroad. Companies would pay for room, board and transportation, but the contracts for these jobs were short-term. When they ended, many of those men were left to fend for themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They had to continue on,” Lai said. “They had to find work in different ways.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some went to San Francisco and \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/url?q=https://immigrationtounitedstates.org/426-chinese-laundries.html&sa=D&source=editors&ust=1623801500851000&usg=AOvVaw1TmGNgd_eDe4NC3K-7Ep0B\">opened laundromats\u003c/a> and other businesses, while others built levees throughout the\u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25154414?seq%3D1&sa=D&source=editors&ust=1623801500851000&usg=AOvVaw2ewXH_hfMFQjboyWdEBfmJ\"> Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta\u003c/a> and\u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/url?q=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DQ3LT1Exiv2YC%26pg%3DPP43%26lpg%3DPP43%26dq%3DChinese%2Bimmigrants%2Bpicking%2Borchards%2Bsanta%2Bclara%2Bvalley%26source%3Dbl%26ots%3DmE1gJBaRRG%26sig%3DACfU3U3QhADwH3bvD5wIkKIatKHM6ueACw%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX%26ved%3D2ahUKEwjmxpHNm6LwAhXMJDQIHWHzD50Q6AEwCXoECA0QAw%23v%3Donepage%26q%3DChinese%2520immigrants%2520picking%2520orchards%2520santa%2520clara%2520valley%26f%3Dfalse&sa=D&source=editors&ust=1623801500853000&usg=AOvVaw3GAPGVWoz63O4kmfFhF4lF\"> picked orchards in the Santa Clara Valley\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Chinese immigrants first arrived, they expected to do hard labor, make their earnings and return home to their families. A lot of Chinese men came over, leaving women and children behind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The ratio was roughly 26-to-1 Chinese American men to women, at this point,” Lai said. “They never achieved the wealth that they hoped they would achieve to be able to return back to their village and retire or help their families. So they stayed and they endured.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The First Chinatowns in San Jose\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://encyclopedia.densho.org/Alien_land_laws/\">Racist policies\u003c/a> kept Chinese immigrants from owning property and white people didn’t want them in their neighborhoods. So, they built their own communities. In San Jose, it began with the \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Chinese_in_San_Jose_and_the_Santa_Clara/Q1iXsBTZTPYC?hl%3Den%26gbpv%3D1%26dq%3Dfirst%2Bmarket%2Bstreet%2Bchinatown%2Bsan%2Bjose%26pg%3DPA10%26printsec%3Dfrontcover&sa=D&source=editors&ust=1623801500849000&usg=AOvVaw2cs3gxlaMLOeoNemjY7cB9\">First Market Street Chinatown\u003c/a>, which was built in 1866, but burned down a few years later in 1870. The community rebuilt a few blocks away and became known as \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Chinese_in_San_Jose_and_the_Santa_Clara/Q1iXsBTZTPYC?hl%3Den%26gbpv%3D1%26dq%3Dfirst%2Bmarket%2Bstreet%2Bchinatown%2Bsan%2Bjose%26pg%3DPA10%26printsec%3Dfrontcover&sa=D&source=editors&ust=1623801500850000&usg=AOvVaw08mjb_Uf57Oo197CxGFX73\">Vine Street Chinatown. \u003c/a>It too burned down in 1872.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11878185\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11878185\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/1997-300-82-800x524.jpg\" alt=\"The First Market Street Chinatown in San Jose was built in 1866. In this photo, the towers of McKenzie Iron Foundry, the San Jose Brewery and San Jose waterworks is visible in the background.\" width=\"800\" height=\"524\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/1997-300-82-800x524.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/1997-300-82-1020x668.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/1997-300-82-160x105.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/1997-300-82.jpg 1500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The First Market Street Chinatown in San Jose was built in 1866. In this photo, the towers of McKenzie Iron Foundry, the San Jose Brewery and San Jose waterworks are visible in the background. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of History San Jose)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>From the moment Chinese immigrants started coming to America, they faced racism and violence. White residents wanted to send a message that they weren’t welcome and used arson to terrorize and destroy Chinese communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Chinese immigrants kept rebuilding. Lai explains there wasn’t another option. “It was just simply to continue to try to plant your roots and the only way you could do it was through these kinds of Chinatowns,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the community was growing fast. In 1872, the Second Market Street Chinatown was built in downtown San Jose, where the \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfgate.com/travel/article/Bay-Area-San-Jose-Chinatown-history-arson-16194117.php\">Fairmont Hotel is located today\u003c/a>. More than 1,400 people lived there, a far bigger population than the previous Chinatowns. There were shops, three restaurants, a theater and a temple. The people who lived in this Chinatown worked in factories, which manufactured cigars, shoes, clothing and furniture.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The Second Market Street Chinatown\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://hiddenhistoriesjtown.org/personnel/connie-young-yu/\">Connie Young Yu\u003c/a> is a local South Bay historian whose ancestry traces back to this Chinatown. Her grandfather’s uncle was already living in San Jose and would travel back to China and tell family about the wonders of America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11878186\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11878186\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/1997-300-670-800x604.jpg\" alt=\"A rooftop view of San Jose's Second Market Street Chinatown. This Chinatown was much larger than any other Chinatown which came before it.\" width=\"800\" height=\"604\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/1997-300-670-800x604.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/1997-300-670-1020x770.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/1997-300-670-160x121.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/1997-300-670.jpg 1500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A rooftop view of San Jose’s Second Market Street Chinatown. This Chinatown was much larger than any other Chinatown which came before it. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of History San Jose)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“[My grandfather’s] uncle was telling him about this beautiful area where you can work hard and there were good wages in Gum San,” Yu said. “America was called Gum San: Gold Mountain.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yu’s grandfather, Young Soong Quong, arrived in 1881 to the Second Market Street Chinatown when he was 11 years old. He stocked shelves and cleaned floors in his uncle’s shop, where many laborers came to eat, play cards and send money back home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eventually, a white family hired him as a houseboy, a job which required him to leave Chinatown. It was there where he experienced racial violence for the first time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When he would go back to the Market Street Chinatown, he’d have to run really fast because white kids would be throwing rocks at him,” Yu said. “This was a vivid memory he passed down to us kids.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The Anti-Chinese Movement in San Jose\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://anthropology.stanford.edu/people/barbara-voss\">Barbara Voss\u003c/a>, a historical archeologist at Stanford, is not surprised Young faced racial violence in San Jose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The anti-Chinese movement had been building throughout the western United States for about 20 years at this point,” Voss said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the late 1880s, an angry mob burned San Jose’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2013/10/15/san-jose-pastor-helps-first-united-methodist-rise-from-the-ashes/\">First Methodist Episcopal Church\u003c/a> down when they learned the church did missionary work for Chinese immigrants and held a Sunday school service for Chinese children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California had already enacted legislation that targeted Chinese immigrants, including the \u003ca href=\"https://shec.ashp.cuny.edu/items/show/1714#:~:text=In%201850%2C%20the%20California%20legislature,not%20forced%20to%20pay%20it.\">Foreign Miner’s License of 1848\u003c/a> which required miners who were not citizens to pay $20 a month for the right to mine in California. Congress passed the \u003ca href=\"https://immigrationhistory.org/item/page-act/\">Page Act of 1875\u003c/a>, which prohibited women, particularly Chinese women from immigrating to the country for “immoral purposes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1882, Congress passed the nation’s most restrictive immigration bill: \u003ca href=\"https://www.history.com/topics/immigration/chinese-exclusion-act-1882\">The Chinese Exclusion Act\u003c/a>. It prohibited all Chinese laborers from immigrating to the United States and prevented those that were here from becoming citizens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These anti-Chinese laws passed at the federal and state level set the stage for San Jose to host the first statewide \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/url?q=https://cdnc.ucr.edu/?a%3Dd%26d%3DDAC18860205.2.86%26e%3D-------en--20--1--txt-txIN--------1&sa=D&source=editors&ust=1623801500843000&usg=AOvVaw0ji7eOUGpKp43IKpKoAD8d\">Anti-Chinese Convention in 1886\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There were motivational speakers who were arguing racist slogans; arguing that the Chinese must go; making arguments about why white people are superior to Chinese people; making arguments about what they perceived to be the negative impact of Chinese immigrants and Chinese Americans on the economy of San Jose,” Voss said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Voss finds it eerie how similar some of the arguments made back then are to the anti-immigration arguments of today. The rally was well attended and was held just a few blocks away from the Second Market Street Chinatown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Anti-Chinese movement in San Jose was as much about local boosterism as it was about racism,” Voss explained. “The leaders of this movement found that they could not promote San Jose as a place for business development and settlement if the Chinatown remained in downtown.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>“Chinatown Must Go”\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>A year after the convention, the San Jose Mercury News featured \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/url?q=https://cdnc.ucr.edu/?a%3Dd%26d%3DSJMN18861207.2.22%26srpos%3D53%26e%3D-------en--20-SJMN-41--txt-txIN-chinatown%252c%2BCharles%2BBreyfogle-------1&sa=D&source=editors&ust=1623801500844000&usg=AOvVaw3pVhMLKpkDQd7Gm6lhZCS3\">front page testimony\u003c/a> from city leaders including the fire and police chiefs, the street commissioner and the mayor with one message: Chinatown must go.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was of their opinion that the general condition of the locality in a sanitary point of view could not be worse and in an aesthetic or moral sense, it was revolting,” the testimony read.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mayor Charles Breyfogle and the City Council voted unanimously to get rid of the Second Market Street Chinatown. But before any official action was taken, the Chinatown was burned down. That made it the third Chinatown in San Jose to succumb to arson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11878183\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11878183\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/1997-300-1683-800x591.jpg\" alt=\"The Second Market Street Chinatown burned down in an arson fire in 1887. There were no recorded casualties, but the entire Chinese community in San Jose was displaced.\" width=\"800\" height=\"591\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/1997-300-1683-800x591.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/1997-300-1683-1020x754.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/1997-300-1683-160x118.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/1997-300-1683.jpg 1500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Second Market Street Chinatown burned down in an arson fire in 1887. There were no recorded casualties, but the entire Chinese community in San Jose was displaced. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of History San Jose)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>There were no recorded casualties, but homes and businesses were destroyed and the community was displaced again. There was another small Chinatown in San Jose called the Woolen Mills Chinatown around the same time. The property was owned by the San Jose Woolen Manufacturing Company and provided to workers as a living accommodation. But that Chinatown was too small to accommodate the much larger population of the Second Market Street Chinatown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before the fire, Chinese residents had already started moving out of San Jose. After the fire, even more left. “There are anecdotal accounts from descendants that people started considering whether or not to move back to China,” Voss said. “Some folks moved to more rural areas where they were out of the public eye.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Connie Young Yu’s grandfather was among the immigrants who left for San Francisco. He didn’t return for a decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The Rise of Heinlenville\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The community would rebuild with the help of another immigrant named John Heinlen. He moved with his wife and children from Ohio to farm in California. Yu said \u003ca href=\"https://web.stanford.edu/group/marketstreet/cgi-bin/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/SJ_Chinatown_Heritagefair.pdf\">Heinlen’s family faced anti-German discrimination in the Midwest\u003c/a> and when he came to California, he saw Chinese immigrants facing discrimination and sympathized with them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He was a friend to the Chinese,” she said. “He had hired Chinese before [and] leased land to the Chinese in his other holdings in Fresno.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few months after the fire, news broke that Heinlen had leased some of his land to Chinese residents who lost their homes and land. He was going to build a new Chinatown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There was such an uproar among the citizens,” Yu said. “They said ‘Down with John Heinlen, he’s a traitor to his people\u003cstrong>.'”\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite death threats, Heinlen finished construction of the new Chinatown in 1887, just months after the fire that destroyed the last Chinatown. Angry locals called the new Chinatown “Heinlenville,” and the name stuck.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They couldn’t drive out Chinatown,” Yu said. “Chinatown was there to stay and John Heinlen, to protect the Chinese, he built an eight-foot-high fence.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11878188\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11878188\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/2005-32-4-800x507.jpg\" alt='A flag bearing the Chinese words \"Ng Shing Gung\" Temple of Five Gods, leads a procession outside the gates of Heinlenville. Residents of the Chinatown celebrated festivals with firecrackers and sparklers.' width=\"800\" height=\"507\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/2005-32-4-800x507.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/2005-32-4-1020x647.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/2005-32-4-160x101.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/2005-32-4.jpg 1500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A flag bearing the Chinese words “Ng Shing Gung” Temple of Five Gods, leads a procession outside the gates of Heinlenville. Residents of the Chinatown celebrated festivals with firecrackers and sparklers. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of History of San Jose)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The fence had a gate which was locked every night, while foot patrols provided security. Eventually, Young Soong Quong, Connie Young Yu’s grandfather, became a partner at one of the shops in Heinlenville and was able to settle in San Jose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Heinlen gave him a chance for a new life in San Jose. He was a merchant and he was able to send for his wife in China,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They had been separated for 14 years. Yu’s grandmother arrived in California in 1910 and they had their first son, Ming Young. Two years later, Yu’s father, John, was born.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heinlenville became a thriving community with 2,000 residents. Newspaper accounts said the\u003ca href=\"https://content.scu.edu/digital/collection/svhocdm/id/293/\"> Ng Shing Gung Temple\u003c/a>, a two story structure, was the center of the community. The upper floor housed an intricately carved and gilded altar with five deities. The lower floor was used as a town hall and as a Chinese school for the children who grew up in Heinlenville.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>San Jose’s Last Chinatown\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Heinlenville was San Jose’s longest established Chinatown,\u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/url?q=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DQ1iXsBTZTPYC%26pg%3DPA10%26lpg%3DPA10%26dq%3Dheinlenville%2Bsan%2Bjose%2Blongest%2Bestablished%2Bchinatown%26source%3Dbl%26ots%3DIsm4WsmPWC%26sig%3DACfU3U15sWrVzpU4f4fX92YJ76wXULY88A%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX%26ved%3D2ahUKEwi5ipuBt6LwAhW2CTQIHUuiAjwQ6AEwDHoECBIQAw%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Dheinlenville%2520san%2520jose%2520longest%2520established%2520chinatown%26f%3Dfalse&sa=D&source=editors&ust=1623801500848000&usg=AOvVaw3K2QL4it8fVfFJBq6zxuf1\"> lasting for 44 years\u003c/a>, until 1931.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because the Chinese Exclusion Act was in place for many years, \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/url?q=http://chcp.org/heinlenville-chinatown/&sa=D&source=editors&ust=1623801500855000&usg=AOvVaw2g2_VaK7gzwnF7-g8QP3N3\">immigration from China slowly dwindled\u003c/a>. And many men weren’t as fortunate as Young Soong Quong, who could bring his wife to join him in America. Their families were still in China.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The workers were getting kind of old and there were no new laborers coming in to work in the fields,” Yu said. Soon, there weren’t enough people left in Chinatown \u003ca href=\"https://chcp.org/Heinlenville-Chinatown/\">to keep it alive\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Great Depression took a toll on the Heinlen estate, which owned the land the Chinatown stood on. In 1931, the estate went bankrupt and Heinlenville became city property. All the buildings were eventually demolished.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Connie Young Yu has been working with the city to build a park where the last Chinatown once stood, not far from San Jose’s Japantown. The park will commemorate John Heinlen’s contributions to the city and highlight the history of San Jose’s Chinese community. It will be called Heinlenville Park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousquestion]\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"San Jose has been home to five Chinatowns throughout its history, so why doesn't it have a Chinatown today? The answer lies in the city's dark and racist past. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1700588262,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":true,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":52,"wordCount":2096},"headData":{"title":"San Jose Had 5 Chinatowns. What Happened To Them? | KQED","description":"San Jose has been home to five Chinatowns throughout its history, so why doesn't it have a Chinatown today? The answer lies in the city's dark and racist past. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"source":"Bay Curious","sourceUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/podcasts/baycurious","audioUrl":"https://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3/traffic.megaphone.fm/KQINC1046768796.mp3?updated=1623889996","path":"/news/11877801/san-jose-had-5-chinatowns-why-did-they-vanish","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>On the West Coast, you can find Chinatowns from Seattle to San Diego. The Bay Area is home to two of the oldest Chinatowns, in San Francisco and Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Jose also has a rich history of Chinatowns — there have been \u003cem>five\u003c/em> Chinatowns in its history. So, why doesn’t San Jose have a Chinatown today?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" />\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\n Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>,\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast platform.\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The story starts in the 1850s, when the Gold Rush drew thousands of people to California, including Chinese immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So many of those Chinese immigrants who came were working class,” said \u003ca href=\"https://www.scu.edu/cas/ethnic-studies/faculty--staff/james-s-lai/\">James Lai\u003c/a>, a professor of ethnic studies at Santa Clara University. “They came for the same reason why they still come this very day: for economic opportunity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When they arrived in California, the immigrants realized it was far from the dream of “Gold Mountain.” Some attempted mining for gold, but many others found work building the transcontinental railroad. Companies would pay for room, board and transportation, but the contracts for these jobs were short-term. When they ended, many of those men were left to fend for themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They had to continue on,” Lai said. “They had to find work in different ways.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some went to San Francisco and \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/url?q=https://immigrationtounitedstates.org/426-chinese-laundries.html&sa=D&source=editors&ust=1623801500851000&usg=AOvVaw1TmGNgd_eDe4NC3K-7Ep0B\">opened laundromats\u003c/a> and other businesses, while others built levees throughout the\u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25154414?seq%3D1&sa=D&source=editors&ust=1623801500851000&usg=AOvVaw2ewXH_hfMFQjboyWdEBfmJ\"> Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta\u003c/a> and\u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/url?q=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DQ3LT1Exiv2YC%26pg%3DPP43%26lpg%3DPP43%26dq%3DChinese%2Bimmigrants%2Bpicking%2Borchards%2Bsanta%2Bclara%2Bvalley%26source%3Dbl%26ots%3DmE1gJBaRRG%26sig%3DACfU3U3QhADwH3bvD5wIkKIatKHM6ueACw%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX%26ved%3D2ahUKEwjmxpHNm6LwAhXMJDQIHWHzD50Q6AEwCXoECA0QAw%23v%3Donepage%26q%3DChinese%2520immigrants%2520picking%2520orchards%2520santa%2520clara%2520valley%26f%3Dfalse&sa=D&source=editors&ust=1623801500853000&usg=AOvVaw3GAPGVWoz63O4kmfFhF4lF\"> picked orchards in the Santa Clara Valley\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Chinese immigrants first arrived, they expected to do hard labor, make their earnings and return home to their families. A lot of Chinese men came over, leaving women and children behind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The ratio was roughly 26-to-1 Chinese American men to women, at this point,” Lai said. “They never achieved the wealth that they hoped they would achieve to be able to return back to their village and retire or help their families. So they stayed and they endured.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The First Chinatowns in San Jose\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://encyclopedia.densho.org/Alien_land_laws/\">Racist policies\u003c/a> kept Chinese immigrants from owning property and white people didn’t want them in their neighborhoods. So, they built their own communities. In San Jose, it began with the \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Chinese_in_San_Jose_and_the_Santa_Clara/Q1iXsBTZTPYC?hl%3Den%26gbpv%3D1%26dq%3Dfirst%2Bmarket%2Bstreet%2Bchinatown%2Bsan%2Bjose%26pg%3DPA10%26printsec%3Dfrontcover&sa=D&source=editors&ust=1623801500849000&usg=AOvVaw2cs3gxlaMLOeoNemjY7cB9\">First Market Street Chinatown\u003c/a>, which was built in 1866, but burned down a few years later in 1870. The community rebuilt a few blocks away and became known as \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Chinese_in_San_Jose_and_the_Santa_Clara/Q1iXsBTZTPYC?hl%3Den%26gbpv%3D1%26dq%3Dfirst%2Bmarket%2Bstreet%2Bchinatown%2Bsan%2Bjose%26pg%3DPA10%26printsec%3Dfrontcover&sa=D&source=editors&ust=1623801500850000&usg=AOvVaw08mjb_Uf57Oo197CxGFX73\">Vine Street Chinatown. \u003c/a>It too burned down in 1872.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11878185\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11878185\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/1997-300-82-800x524.jpg\" alt=\"The First Market Street Chinatown in San Jose was built in 1866. In this photo, the towers of McKenzie Iron Foundry, the San Jose Brewery and San Jose waterworks is visible in the background.\" width=\"800\" height=\"524\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/1997-300-82-800x524.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/1997-300-82-1020x668.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/1997-300-82-160x105.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/1997-300-82.jpg 1500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The First Market Street Chinatown in San Jose was built in 1866. In this photo, the towers of McKenzie Iron Foundry, the San Jose Brewery and San Jose waterworks are visible in the background. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of History San Jose)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>From the moment Chinese immigrants started coming to America, they faced racism and violence. White residents wanted to send a message that they weren’t welcome and used arson to terrorize and destroy Chinese communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Chinese immigrants kept rebuilding. Lai explains there wasn’t another option. “It was just simply to continue to try to plant your roots and the only way you could do it was through these kinds of Chinatowns,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the community was growing fast. In 1872, the Second Market Street Chinatown was built in downtown San Jose, where the \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfgate.com/travel/article/Bay-Area-San-Jose-Chinatown-history-arson-16194117.php\">Fairmont Hotel is located today\u003c/a>. More than 1,400 people lived there, a far bigger population than the previous Chinatowns. There were shops, three restaurants, a theater and a temple. The people who lived in this Chinatown worked in factories, which manufactured cigars, shoes, clothing and furniture.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The Second Market Street Chinatown\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://hiddenhistoriesjtown.org/personnel/connie-young-yu/\">Connie Young Yu\u003c/a> is a local South Bay historian whose ancestry traces back to this Chinatown. Her grandfather’s uncle was already living in San Jose and would travel back to China and tell family about the wonders of America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11878186\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11878186\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/1997-300-670-800x604.jpg\" alt=\"A rooftop view of San Jose's Second Market Street Chinatown. This Chinatown was much larger than any other Chinatown which came before it.\" width=\"800\" height=\"604\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/1997-300-670-800x604.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/1997-300-670-1020x770.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/1997-300-670-160x121.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/1997-300-670.jpg 1500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A rooftop view of San Jose’s Second Market Street Chinatown. This Chinatown was much larger than any other Chinatown which came before it. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of History San Jose)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“[My grandfather’s] uncle was telling him about this beautiful area where you can work hard and there were good wages in Gum San,” Yu said. “America was called Gum San: Gold Mountain.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yu’s grandfather, Young Soong Quong, arrived in 1881 to the Second Market Street Chinatown when he was 11 years old. He stocked shelves and cleaned floors in his uncle’s shop, where many laborers came to eat, play cards and send money back home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eventually, a white family hired him as a houseboy, a job which required him to leave Chinatown. It was there where he experienced racial violence for the first time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When he would go back to the Market Street Chinatown, he’d have to run really fast because white kids would be throwing rocks at him,” Yu said. “This was a vivid memory he passed down to us kids.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The Anti-Chinese Movement in San Jose\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://anthropology.stanford.edu/people/barbara-voss\">Barbara Voss\u003c/a>, a historical archeologist at Stanford, is not surprised Young faced racial violence in San Jose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The anti-Chinese movement had been building throughout the western United States for about 20 years at this point,” Voss said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the late 1880s, an angry mob burned San Jose’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2013/10/15/san-jose-pastor-helps-first-united-methodist-rise-from-the-ashes/\">First Methodist Episcopal Church\u003c/a> down when they learned the church did missionary work for Chinese immigrants and held a Sunday school service for Chinese children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California had already enacted legislation that targeted Chinese immigrants, including the \u003ca href=\"https://shec.ashp.cuny.edu/items/show/1714#:~:text=In%201850%2C%20the%20California%20legislature,not%20forced%20to%20pay%20it.\">Foreign Miner’s License of 1848\u003c/a> which required miners who were not citizens to pay $20 a month for the right to mine in California. Congress passed the \u003ca href=\"https://immigrationhistory.org/item/page-act/\">Page Act of 1875\u003c/a>, which prohibited women, particularly Chinese women from immigrating to the country for “immoral purposes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1882, Congress passed the nation’s most restrictive immigration bill: \u003ca href=\"https://www.history.com/topics/immigration/chinese-exclusion-act-1882\">The Chinese Exclusion Act\u003c/a>. It prohibited all Chinese laborers from immigrating to the United States and prevented those that were here from becoming citizens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These anti-Chinese laws passed at the federal and state level set the stage for San Jose to host the first statewide \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/url?q=https://cdnc.ucr.edu/?a%3Dd%26d%3DDAC18860205.2.86%26e%3D-------en--20--1--txt-txIN--------1&sa=D&source=editors&ust=1623801500843000&usg=AOvVaw0ji7eOUGpKp43IKpKoAD8d\">Anti-Chinese Convention in 1886\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There were motivational speakers who were arguing racist slogans; arguing that the Chinese must go; making arguments about why white people are superior to Chinese people; making arguments about what they perceived to be the negative impact of Chinese immigrants and Chinese Americans on the economy of San Jose,” Voss said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Voss finds it eerie how similar some of the arguments made back then are to the anti-immigration arguments of today. The rally was well attended and was held just a few blocks away from the Second Market Street Chinatown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Anti-Chinese movement in San Jose was as much about local boosterism as it was about racism,” Voss explained. “The leaders of this movement found that they could not promote San Jose as a place for business development and settlement if the Chinatown remained in downtown.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>“Chinatown Must Go”\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>A year after the convention, the San Jose Mercury News featured \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/url?q=https://cdnc.ucr.edu/?a%3Dd%26d%3DSJMN18861207.2.22%26srpos%3D53%26e%3D-------en--20-SJMN-41--txt-txIN-chinatown%252c%2BCharles%2BBreyfogle-------1&sa=D&source=editors&ust=1623801500844000&usg=AOvVaw3pVhMLKpkDQd7Gm6lhZCS3\">front page testimony\u003c/a> from city leaders including the fire and police chiefs, the street commissioner and the mayor with one message: Chinatown must go.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was of their opinion that the general condition of the locality in a sanitary point of view could not be worse and in an aesthetic or moral sense, it was revolting,” the testimony read.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mayor Charles Breyfogle and the City Council voted unanimously to get rid of the Second Market Street Chinatown. But before any official action was taken, the Chinatown was burned down. That made it the third Chinatown in San Jose to succumb to arson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11878183\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11878183\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/1997-300-1683-800x591.jpg\" alt=\"The Second Market Street Chinatown burned down in an arson fire in 1887. There were no recorded casualties, but the entire Chinese community in San Jose was displaced.\" width=\"800\" height=\"591\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/1997-300-1683-800x591.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/1997-300-1683-1020x754.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/1997-300-1683-160x118.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/1997-300-1683.jpg 1500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Second Market Street Chinatown burned down in an arson fire in 1887. There were no recorded casualties, but the entire Chinese community in San Jose was displaced. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of History San Jose)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>There were no recorded casualties, but homes and businesses were destroyed and the community was displaced again. There was another small Chinatown in San Jose called the Woolen Mills Chinatown around the same time. The property was owned by the San Jose Woolen Manufacturing Company and provided to workers as a living accommodation. But that Chinatown was too small to accommodate the much larger population of the Second Market Street Chinatown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before the fire, Chinese residents had already started moving out of San Jose. After the fire, even more left. “There are anecdotal accounts from descendants that people started considering whether or not to move back to China,” Voss said. “Some folks moved to more rural areas where they were out of the public eye.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Connie Young Yu’s grandfather was among the immigrants who left for San Francisco. He didn’t return for a decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The Rise of Heinlenville\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The community would rebuild with the help of another immigrant named John Heinlen. He moved with his wife and children from Ohio to farm in California. Yu said \u003ca href=\"https://web.stanford.edu/group/marketstreet/cgi-bin/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/SJ_Chinatown_Heritagefair.pdf\">Heinlen’s family faced anti-German discrimination in the Midwest\u003c/a> and when he came to California, he saw Chinese immigrants facing discrimination and sympathized with them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He was a friend to the Chinese,” she said. “He had hired Chinese before [and] leased land to the Chinese in his other holdings in Fresno.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few months after the fire, news broke that Heinlen had leased some of his land to Chinese residents who lost their homes and land. He was going to build a new Chinatown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There was such an uproar among the citizens,” Yu said. “They said ‘Down with John Heinlen, he’s a traitor to his people\u003cstrong>.'”\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite death threats, Heinlen finished construction of the new Chinatown in 1887, just months after the fire that destroyed the last Chinatown. Angry locals called the new Chinatown “Heinlenville,” and the name stuck.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They couldn’t drive out Chinatown,” Yu said. “Chinatown was there to stay and John Heinlen, to protect the Chinese, he built an eight-foot-high fence.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11878188\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11878188\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/2005-32-4-800x507.jpg\" alt='A flag bearing the Chinese words \"Ng Shing Gung\" Temple of Five Gods, leads a procession outside the gates of Heinlenville. Residents of the Chinatown celebrated festivals with firecrackers and sparklers.' width=\"800\" height=\"507\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/2005-32-4-800x507.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/2005-32-4-1020x647.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/2005-32-4-160x101.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/2005-32-4.jpg 1500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A flag bearing the Chinese words “Ng Shing Gung” Temple of Five Gods, leads a procession outside the gates of Heinlenville. Residents of the Chinatown celebrated festivals with firecrackers and sparklers. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of History of San Jose)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The fence had a gate which was locked every night, while foot patrols provided security. Eventually, Young Soong Quong, Connie Young Yu’s grandfather, became a partner at one of the shops in Heinlenville and was able to settle in San Jose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Heinlen gave him a chance for a new life in San Jose. He was a merchant and he was able to send for his wife in China,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They had been separated for 14 years. Yu’s grandmother arrived in California in 1910 and they had their first son, Ming Young. Two years later, Yu’s father, John, was born.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heinlenville became a thriving community with 2,000 residents. Newspaper accounts said the\u003ca href=\"https://content.scu.edu/digital/collection/svhocdm/id/293/\"> Ng Shing Gung Temple\u003c/a>, a two story structure, was the center of the community. The upper floor housed an intricately carved and gilded altar with five deities. The lower floor was used as a town hall and as a Chinese school for the children who grew up in Heinlenville.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>San Jose’s Last Chinatown\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Heinlenville was San Jose’s longest established Chinatown,\u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/url?q=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DQ1iXsBTZTPYC%26pg%3DPA10%26lpg%3DPA10%26dq%3Dheinlenville%2Bsan%2Bjose%2Blongest%2Bestablished%2Bchinatown%26source%3Dbl%26ots%3DIsm4WsmPWC%26sig%3DACfU3U15sWrVzpU4f4fX92YJ76wXULY88A%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX%26ved%3D2ahUKEwi5ipuBt6LwAhW2CTQIHUuiAjwQ6AEwDHoECBIQAw%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Dheinlenville%2520san%2520jose%2520longest%2520established%2520chinatown%26f%3Dfalse&sa=D&source=editors&ust=1623801500848000&usg=AOvVaw3K2QL4it8fVfFJBq6zxuf1\"> lasting for 44 years\u003c/a>, until 1931.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because the Chinese Exclusion Act was in place for many years, \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/url?q=http://chcp.org/heinlenville-chinatown/&sa=D&source=editors&ust=1623801500855000&usg=AOvVaw2g2_VaK7gzwnF7-g8QP3N3\">immigration from China slowly dwindled\u003c/a>. And many men weren’t as fortunate as Young Soong Quong, who could bring his wife to join him in America. Their families were still in China.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The workers were getting kind of old and there were no new laborers coming in to work in the fields,” Yu said. Soon, there weren’t enough people left in Chinatown \u003ca href=\"https://chcp.org/Heinlenville-Chinatown/\">to keep it alive\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Great Depression took a toll on the Heinlen estate, which owned the land the Chinatown stood on. In 1931, the estate went bankrupt and Heinlenville became city property. All the buildings were eventually demolished.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Connie Young Yu has been working with the city to build a park where the last Chinatown once stood, not far from San Jose’s Japantown. The park will commemorate John Heinlen’s contributions to the city and highlight the history of San Jose’s Chinese community. It will be called Heinlenville Park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"baycuriousquestion","attributes":{"named":{"label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11877801/san-jose-had-5-chinatowns-why-did-they-vanish","authors":["11672"],"programs":["news_33523"],"series":["news_17986"],"categories":["news_28250","news_8","news_33520"],"tags":["news_29182","news_3631","news_393","news_23078","news_27626","news_19216","news_18541"],"featImg":"news_11878189","label":"source_news_11877801"},"news_11851735":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11851735","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11851735","score":null,"sort":[1608590026000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"small-business-owners-struggle-to-stay-open-in-an-empty-oakland-chinatown","title":"Small Business Owners Struggle to Stay Open in an Empty Oakland Chinatown","publishDate":1608590026,"format":"image","headTitle":"KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>Before the pandemic, dozens of shoppers streamed through 9th and Webster, a busy intersection in Oakland. But on a recent afternoon, Carl Chan marveled at the sight of nearly empty streets. Only two pedestrians lingered on a corner, waiting for the green light to cross.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Oh my God, this is Chinatown?” said Chan, president of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.oaklandchinatownchamber.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Oakland Chinatown Chamber of Commerce\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Restaurants in the neighborhood were some of the first hit by the pandemic, Chan said. As early as January, Bay Area residents with Asian roots were getting word of the deadly toll of COVID-19 in China and canceled large banquets booked months in advance. Instead of shopping and gathering to celebrate the Chinese New Year, many opted to stay home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So even before the shelter in place, we had quite a few businesses already closed,” Chan said, standing near shuttered shops and ‘For Rent’ signs. “The impact has been huge.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11852247\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11852247\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46444_007_KQED_Oakland_Chinatown_12182020-qut.jpg\" alt='\"\"' width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46444_007_KQED_Oakland_Chinatown_12182020-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46444_007_KQED_Oakland_Chinatown_12182020-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46444_007_KQED_Oakland_Chinatown_12182020-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46444_007_KQED_Oakland_Chinatown_12182020-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46444_007_KQED_Oakland_Chinatown_12182020-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Carl Chan, president of Chinatown Chamber of Commerce, poses for a portrait in Oakland's Chinatown on Dec. 18, 2020. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While exact figures are hard to come by, Chan says he believes more than 30% of businesses in the neighborhood have closed their doors temporarily, or for good. According to the \u003ca href=\"https://eastbayeda.org/covid-business-impacts/\">East Bay Economic Development Alliance\u003c/a>, close to 900 businesses in Oakland discontinued operations in the first six months of shelter-in-place restrictions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Businesses in Chinatown have also had to contend with a drop in customers due to \u003ca href=\"https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/05/12/covid-19-fueling-anti-asian-racism-and-xenophobia-worldwide\">anti-Asian sentiment\u003c/a> mistakenly connecting COVID-19 with all Asian people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s so hurtful,” said Chan, who has frequented the neighborhood since moving to the U.S. from Hong Kong as a teenager, and often waves to acquaintances passing by on the street. “I'm seeing so many people not only losing the business they worked so hard to build, but also, I'm seeing so many people are losing their jobs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For most of the pandemic, county public health orders have required Anna Bui to close Diva Nails, the nail salon she’s owned in Chinatown for 18 years. Still, she has been on the hook for $2,250 per month in commercial rent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11852253\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11852253\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46449_012_KQED_Oakland_Chinatown_12182020-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46449_012_KQED_Oakland_Chinatown_12182020-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46449_012_KQED_Oakland_Chinatown_12182020-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46449_012_KQED_Oakland_Chinatown_12182020-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46449_012_KQED_Oakland_Chinatown_12182020-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46449_012_KQED_Oakland_Chinatown_12182020-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Diva Nails in Oakland on Dec. 18, 2020. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>After April, Bui tried negotiating with the landlord to reduce her payments, but he he faced a mortgage bill of his own for the property, and threatened to sue her. “I’m very stressed, and often up all night worrying about what I’m going to do with my salon and my family,” said Bui, 46.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally, in November, Bui’s landlord agreed to offer a discount on her burgeoning debt with him, but she still owes $11,000 in back rent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other landlords in the neighborhood said they are working with tenants who are missing rent payments. At Pacific Renaissance Plaza, which includes 90,000 square feet of commercial space in the heart of Chinatown, several tenants have paid partial or no rent since April and May, according to Rick da Silva, principal with Loh Realty and Wellington Property, which owns and manages the property.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When this started, we actually told our tenants here and in other locations, ‘Pay what you can. We will work all of this out,' ” da Silva said. “We view our tenants as our partners. I mean, we would not want to push anybody out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11852269\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11852269\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46447_010_KQED_Oakland_Chinatown_12182020-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A person wearing a mask takes a to-go order while standing outside a restaurant in Oakland's Chinatown\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46447_010_KQED_Oakland_Chinatown_12182020-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46447_010_KQED_Oakland_Chinatown_12182020-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46447_010_KQED_Oakland_Chinatown_12182020-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46447_010_KQED_Oakland_Chinatown_12182020-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46447_010_KQED_Oakland_Chinatown_12182020-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">May Zhong, owner of Ying Kee Restaurant, takes a to-go order for local resident Caxton Fung in Oakland on Dec. 18, 2020. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But not all landlords are as understanding, and demand for help to renegotiate commercial lease terms has shot up, said Tobias Damm-Luhr with the San Francisco-based \u003ca href=\"https://lawyerscommittee.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Lawyers' Committee for Civil Rights\u003c/a>. The organization provides free legal counseling to people of color and \u003ca href=\"https://lccrsf.org/legal-services-for-oakland-small-businesses/\">webinars on lease negotiation\u003c/a> in Vietnamese, Cantonese and other languages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The number one tip that we give people as part of these webinars is to remember that you have the upper hand as a small business tenant in these negotiations, because the market for commercial space right now is a renter's market,” Damm-Luhr said. [ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigrant business owners in particular may struggle with language issues to communicate effectively with their landlords and understand the contents of their lease agreements in English, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city of Oakland recently allocated \u003ca href=\"https://www.oaklandca.gov/news/2020/city-lawyers-committee-for-civil-rights-of-the-sf-bay-area-to-provide-webinars-consultations-to-assist-oakland-small-businesses-with-lease-negotiations\">$150,000\u003c/a> to the civil rights nonprofit to help local businesses impacted by COVID-19 negotiate their leases, and try to avoid eviction or closure. But local business tenants must sign up for the assistance before Dec. 21, Damm-Luhr said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11851757\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11851757\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46431_IMG_3075-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46431_IMG_3075-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46431_IMG_3075-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46431_IMG_3075-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46431_IMG_3075-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46431_IMG_3075-qut-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46431_IMG_3075-qut-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46431_IMG_3075-qut-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46431_IMG_3075-qut-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46431_IMG_3075-qut-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46431_IMG_3075-qut-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A jewelry store is shuttered in Oakland's Chinatown on Dec. 15, 2020. The local chamber of commerce said the business may be closed permanently. \u003ccite>(Farida Jhabvala Romero/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Oakland’s current \u003ca href=\"https://www.oaklandca.gov/resources/oaklands-moratorium-on-residential-and-commercial-evictions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">moratorium\u003c/a> on commercial and residential evictions ends on March 31. But after, the city’s business tenants will be responsible for all the back rent they owe. Damm-Luhr worries that without substantial federal aid for small businesses, as well as more resources for legal assistance, there could be a huge wave of evictions in 2021.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Displacement of small business tenants has been an issue way before the pandemic even started,” he said, pointing to high rents. “But it was just exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, especially in low-income communities and communities of color in the Bay Area.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Oakland’s current moratorium on commercial and residential evictions ends on March 31. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1613171581,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":19,"wordCount":929},"headData":{"title":"Small Business Owners Struggle to Stay Open in an Empty Oakland Chinatown | KQED","description":"Oakland’s current moratorium on commercial and residential evictions ends on March 31. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"11851735 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11851735","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2020/12/21/small-business-owners-struggle-to-stay-open-in-an-empty-oakland-chinatown/","disqusTitle":"Small Business Owners Struggle to Stay Open in an Empty Oakland Chinatown","audioUrl":"https://traffic.omny.fm/d/clips/0af137ef-751e-4b19-a055-aaef00d2d578/ffca7e9f-6831-4[…]f-aaef00f5a073/b4c3b5cb-827f-4711-8084-ac95012aaf2d/audio.mp3","path":"/news/11851735/small-business-owners-struggle-to-stay-open-in-an-empty-oakland-chinatown","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Before the pandemic, dozens of shoppers streamed through 9th and Webster, a busy intersection in Oakland. But on a recent afternoon, Carl Chan marveled at the sight of nearly empty streets. Only two pedestrians lingered on a corner, waiting for the green light to cross.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Oh my God, this is Chinatown?” said Chan, president of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.oaklandchinatownchamber.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Oakland Chinatown Chamber of Commerce\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Restaurants in the neighborhood were some of the first hit by the pandemic, Chan said. As early as January, Bay Area residents with Asian roots were getting word of the deadly toll of COVID-19 in China and canceled large banquets booked months in advance. Instead of shopping and gathering to celebrate the Chinese New Year, many opted to stay home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So even before the shelter in place, we had quite a few businesses already closed,” Chan said, standing near shuttered shops and ‘For Rent’ signs. “The impact has been huge.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11852247\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11852247\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46444_007_KQED_Oakland_Chinatown_12182020-qut.jpg\" alt='\"\"' width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46444_007_KQED_Oakland_Chinatown_12182020-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46444_007_KQED_Oakland_Chinatown_12182020-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46444_007_KQED_Oakland_Chinatown_12182020-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46444_007_KQED_Oakland_Chinatown_12182020-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46444_007_KQED_Oakland_Chinatown_12182020-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Carl Chan, president of Chinatown Chamber of Commerce, poses for a portrait in Oakland's Chinatown on Dec. 18, 2020. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While exact figures are hard to come by, Chan says he believes more than 30% of businesses in the neighborhood have closed their doors temporarily, or for good. According to the \u003ca href=\"https://eastbayeda.org/covid-business-impacts/\">East Bay Economic Development Alliance\u003c/a>, close to 900 businesses in Oakland discontinued operations in the first six months of shelter-in-place restrictions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Businesses in Chinatown have also had to contend with a drop in customers due to \u003ca href=\"https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/05/12/covid-19-fueling-anti-asian-racism-and-xenophobia-worldwide\">anti-Asian sentiment\u003c/a> mistakenly connecting COVID-19 with all Asian people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s so hurtful,” said Chan, who has frequented the neighborhood since moving to the U.S. from Hong Kong as a teenager, and often waves to acquaintances passing by on the street. “I'm seeing so many people not only losing the business they worked so hard to build, but also, I'm seeing so many people are losing their jobs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For most of the pandemic, county public health orders have required Anna Bui to close Diva Nails, the nail salon she’s owned in Chinatown for 18 years. Still, she has been on the hook for $2,250 per month in commercial rent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11852253\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11852253\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46449_012_KQED_Oakland_Chinatown_12182020-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46449_012_KQED_Oakland_Chinatown_12182020-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46449_012_KQED_Oakland_Chinatown_12182020-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46449_012_KQED_Oakland_Chinatown_12182020-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46449_012_KQED_Oakland_Chinatown_12182020-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46449_012_KQED_Oakland_Chinatown_12182020-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Diva Nails in Oakland on Dec. 18, 2020. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>After April, Bui tried negotiating with the landlord to reduce her payments, but he he faced a mortgage bill of his own for the property, and threatened to sue her. “I’m very stressed, and often up all night worrying about what I’m going to do with my salon and my family,” said Bui, 46.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally, in November, Bui’s landlord agreed to offer a discount on her burgeoning debt with him, but she still owes $11,000 in back rent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other landlords in the neighborhood said they are working with tenants who are missing rent payments. At Pacific Renaissance Plaza, which includes 90,000 square feet of commercial space in the heart of Chinatown, several tenants have paid partial or no rent since April and May, according to Rick da Silva, principal with Loh Realty and Wellington Property, which owns and manages the property.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When this started, we actually told our tenants here and in other locations, ‘Pay what you can. We will work all of this out,' ” da Silva said. “We view our tenants as our partners. I mean, we would not want to push anybody out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11852269\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11852269\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46447_010_KQED_Oakland_Chinatown_12182020-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A person wearing a mask takes a to-go order while standing outside a restaurant in Oakland's Chinatown\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46447_010_KQED_Oakland_Chinatown_12182020-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46447_010_KQED_Oakland_Chinatown_12182020-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46447_010_KQED_Oakland_Chinatown_12182020-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46447_010_KQED_Oakland_Chinatown_12182020-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46447_010_KQED_Oakland_Chinatown_12182020-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">May Zhong, owner of Ying Kee Restaurant, takes a to-go order for local resident Caxton Fung in Oakland on Dec. 18, 2020. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But not all landlords are as understanding, and demand for help to renegotiate commercial lease terms has shot up, said Tobias Damm-Luhr with the San Francisco-based \u003ca href=\"https://lawyerscommittee.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Lawyers' Committee for Civil Rights\u003c/a>. The organization provides free legal counseling to people of color and \u003ca href=\"https://lccrsf.org/legal-services-for-oakland-small-businesses/\">webinars on lease negotiation\u003c/a> in Vietnamese, Cantonese and other languages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The number one tip that we give people as part of these webinars is to remember that you have the upper hand as a small business tenant in these negotiations, because the market for commercial space right now is a renter's market,” Damm-Luhr said. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigrant business owners in particular may struggle with language issues to communicate effectively with their landlords and understand the contents of their lease agreements in English, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city of Oakland recently allocated \u003ca href=\"https://www.oaklandca.gov/news/2020/city-lawyers-committee-for-civil-rights-of-the-sf-bay-area-to-provide-webinars-consultations-to-assist-oakland-small-businesses-with-lease-negotiations\">$150,000\u003c/a> to the civil rights nonprofit to help local businesses impacted by COVID-19 negotiate their leases, and try to avoid eviction or closure. But local business tenants must sign up for the assistance before Dec. 21, Damm-Luhr said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11851757\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11851757\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46431_IMG_3075-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46431_IMG_3075-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46431_IMG_3075-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46431_IMG_3075-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46431_IMG_3075-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46431_IMG_3075-qut-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46431_IMG_3075-qut-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46431_IMG_3075-qut-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46431_IMG_3075-qut-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46431_IMG_3075-qut-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46431_IMG_3075-qut-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A jewelry store is shuttered in Oakland's Chinatown on Dec. 15, 2020. The local chamber of commerce said the business may be closed permanently. \u003ccite>(Farida Jhabvala Romero/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Oakland’s current \u003ca href=\"https://www.oaklandca.gov/resources/oaklands-moratorium-on-residential-and-commercial-evictions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">moratorium\u003c/a> on commercial and residential evictions ends on March 31. But after, the city’s business tenants will be responsible for all the back rent they owe. Damm-Luhr worries that without substantial federal aid for small businesses, as well as more resources for legal assistance, there could be a huge wave of evictions in 2021.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Displacement of small business tenants has been an issue way before the pandemic even started,” he said, pointing to high rents. “But it was just exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, especially in low-income communities and communities of color in the Bay Area.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11851735/small-business-owners-struggle-to-stay-open-in-an-empty-oakland-chinatown","authors":["8659"],"categories":["news_1758","news_1169","news_8"],"tags":["news_17611","news_393","news_23078","news_27504","news_21883","news_24256","news_20202","news_18","news_29160","news_20043"],"featImg":"news_11852252","label":"news"},"news_11838137":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11838137","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11838137","score":null,"sort":[1600264845000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"immigrants-win-back-stolen-wages-but-few-may-report-violations-during-pandemic","title":"Immigrants Win Back Stolen Wages, But Few May Report Violations During Pandemic","publishDate":1600264845,"format":"standard","headTitle":"The California Report | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":72,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>Before it went out of business last year, Kome Japanese Seafood Buffet in Daly City was a popular spot for families celebrating birthdays and graduations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ping Tam, 29, started working at the Daly City restaurant in 2012, prepping food in the kitchen for the sushi bar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From his very first paycheck, Tam said, he noticed that his wages only covered eight-hour shifts. But Tam was clocking 10-hour workdays, six days a week, he said. And the \u003ca href=\"http://wagetheftisacrime.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">wage theft\u003c/a> went on for several years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I was angry, but also felt powerless,” said Tam, an immigrant from Hong Kong, speaking in Cantonese. “Many of us complained to management but nothing would change. They just ignored us.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11838154\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-11838154\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/RS44905_IMG_4096-scaled-e1600230297200-1020x1360.jpg\" alt=\"Ping Tam, 29, testified against his former employers at a hearing at the Labor Commissioner's Office.\" width=\"640\" height=\"853\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/RS44905_IMG_4096-scaled-e1600230297200-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/RS44905_IMG_4096-scaled-e1600230297200-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/RS44905_IMG_4096-scaled-e1600230297200-160x213.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/RS44905_IMG_4096-scaled-e1600230297200-1152x1536.jpg 1152w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/RS44905_IMG_4096-scaled-e1600230297200-1536x2048.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/RS44905_IMG_4096-scaled-e1600230297200-1122x1496.jpg 1122w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/RS44905_IMG_4096-scaled-e1600230297200-840x1120.jpg 840w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/RS44905_IMG_4096-scaled-e1600230297200-687x916.jpg 687w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/RS44905_IMG_4096-scaled-e1600230297200-414x552.jpg 414w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/RS44905_IMG_4096-scaled-e1600230297200-354x472.jpg 354w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/RS44905_IMG_4096-scaled-e1600230297200.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ping Tam, 29, testified against his former employers at a hearing at the California Labor Commissioner's Office. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Chinese Progressive Association)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>After a four-year legal battle, Tam and more than a hundred sushi chefs, servers, dishwashers and other restaurant staff won a multi-million dollar settlement against Kome’s owners. It was announced \u003ca href=\"https://www.dir.ca.gov/DIRNews/2020/2020-68.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">last month\u003c/a> by the California Labor Commissioner's Office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In recent years, a series of well-known restaurants in the Bay Area, including \u003ca href=\"https://sfist.com/2020/06/04/current-and-former-burma-superstar-employees-win-1-3m-class-action-suit/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Burma Superstar\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/La-Taqueria-workers-risky-complaints-over-13040018.php?utm_campaign=twitter-premium&utm_source=CMS%20Sharing%20Button&utm_medium=social\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">La Taqueria\u003c/a>, have settled or received fines for allegedly stealing wages from their workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But advocates and state officials in charge of upholding labor laws worry that vulnerable workers today will be less likely to report mistreatment, because the pandemic has resulted in widespread job insecurity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Labor Commissioner's Office opened an investigation and payroll audit at Kome in 2016, after some employees \u003ca href=\"http://wagetheftisacrime.com/Report-Laborlaw-Violation.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">complained\u003c/a> that the restaurant’s owners were using workers’ tips to pay minimum wage salaries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Building a case requires those impacted to cooperate with the labor agency and testify during hearings, said Winnie Kao, an attorney with the Asian Law Caucus in San Francisco. But workers may be afraid of losing their jobs or facing retaliation from their employers, and some are too scared to proceed, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some of the most abused workers involve workers who are unfamiliar with the legal system, who are sometimes fearful of government agencies,” said Kao, who represented some of the Kome workers. “There can be language barriers or cultural barriers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tam was one of a handful of Kome workers who were willing to step forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The nonprofit Chinese Progressive Association helped them organize. The workers passed out flyers outside the restaurant about the violations they said they experienced and garnered attention from the San Francisco Board of Supervisors, which passed a \u003ca href=\"https://sfgov.legistar.com/LegislationDetail.aspx?ID=3936648&GUID=22262B66-A541-4EBD-AA22-BF981A0AF44B\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">resolution\u003c/a> urging San Franciscans to stop going to Kome until the Labor Commissioner’s citation was resolved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tam, who moved to the U.S. in 2008 in search of economic opportunities, said he decided to speak up about his experience after his employers retaliated against him and other workers, cutting their hours and even firing one employee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Tam testified in person against his former employers at a hearing last year, Kao said he held his ground and inspired others.[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Cindy Elias, attorney\"]'You had workers who were brave enough to come forward and file a complaint ... the amount of courage and strength it takes for workers to do that.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He was really centered and just matter-of-fact about telling the truth,” said Kao. “Just a really strong, solid leader.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Labor Commissioner \u003ca href=\"https://www.dir.ca.gov/DIRNews/2018/2018-39.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">found\u003c/a> that between 2014 and 2017, dozens of cooks, sushi chefs and dishwashers were paid a fixed amount that didn’t include overtime, even though they typically worked 55 hours per week. California law requires that most hourly workers be paid one and a half times their regular rate when they put in more than eight hours a day or more than 40 hours a week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The restaurant’s owners also stole overtime from other staffers, such as servers and busers, and illegally counted the workers’ tips as part of their hourly wage, according to the investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the settlement, Kome’s owners agreed to pay $2.6 million, mostly in back wages owed to 133 workers. The employers did not admit to any wrongdoing, however, said Cindy Elias, an attorney with the Bureau of Field Enforcement at the Labor Commissioner’s Office, who worked on the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The labor agency initially issued wage assessments and civil penalties totaling $5.16 million in the summer of 2018, but officials reduced the amount after the employers presented evidence that they had already paid employees some of that money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each worker will get on average $14,200. A first check was sent out in August, and a second payment will go out by the end of the year, said Elias.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It's a huge victory for the unheard voices, the people that are most vulnerable,” she said. “You had workers who were brave enough to come forward and file a complaint. ... I mean the amount of courage and strength it takes for workers to do that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She added that all workers in California are protected by labor laws, regardless of their immigration status.[aside label='More Immigration Coverage' tag='immigrants']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The restaurant owners named in the settlement are David Leung, Wendy Lai Ip, Gang Zhou, Jun Zheng, Bai Dong Zhang and Tiffany Leung. They did not return a request for comment sent to their attorney.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokeswoman for the California Restaurant Association said that restaurants who cheat not only harm their employees but also put other law-abiding businesses at a disadvantage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People should be held to account when wage theft occurs,” said the association’s spokeswoman, Sharokina Shams, in a statement. “Beyond the obvious damage done to the workers involved, there is damage to neighboring businesses as well since they are forced to compete with an operator who is failing to comply with laws.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wage theft costs the state’s workforce a whopping $2 billion in earnings per year, according to a 2017 \u003ca href=\"https://www.epi.org/publication/employers-steal-billions-from-workers-paychecks-each-year/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">report\u003c/a> by the Economic Policy Institute, a nonprofit think tank in Washington, D.C.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elias and Kao, with the Asian Law Caucus, worry that with millions of Californians unemployed, low-wage workers who do have jobs will be less willing to cooperate in investigations of abuse or retaliation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It's much more difficult for people to report labor law violations because they're very afraid of the consequences and losing their job, especially during this time,” said Elias. “I am sure that’s a consideration that workers are taking into account.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Ping Tam said the fact that he and his co-workers are finally recovering thousands of dollars in wages they were owed sends a message that employers can be held accountable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This settlement provides a credible signal that if owners exploit their workers, there will be oversight and workers will be compensated,” said Tam, who lives with his mother in a single-room occupancy hotel in San Francisco’s Chinatown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What I want out of this is to send the message that workers have rights that will be protected, that workers can have a recourse,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Advocates say the kind of investigation that led to a multi-million dollar wage theft settlement would be tougher today as more workers fear losing their jobs. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1600290180,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":33,"wordCount":1216},"headData":{"title":"Immigrants Win Back Stolen Wages, But Few May Report Violations During Pandemic | KQED","description":"Advocates say the kind of investigation that led to a multi-million dollar wage theft settlement would be tougher today as more workers fear losing their jobs. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"11838137 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11838137","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2020/09/16/immigrants-win-back-stolen-wages-but-few-may-report-violations-during-pandemic/","disqusTitle":"Immigrants Win Back Stolen Wages, But Few May Report Violations During Pandemic","audioUrl":"https://traffic.omny.fm/d/clips/0af137ef-751e-4b19-a055-aaef00d2d578/ffca7e9f-6831-41c5-bcaf-aaef00f5a073/6f12d284-5537-47bf-8416-ac37012abd56/audio.mp3","path":"/news/11838137/immigrants-win-back-stolen-wages-but-few-may-report-violations-during-pandemic","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Before it went out of business last year, Kome Japanese Seafood Buffet in Daly City was a popular spot for families celebrating birthdays and graduations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ping Tam, 29, started working at the Daly City restaurant in 2012, prepping food in the kitchen for the sushi bar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From his very first paycheck, Tam said, he noticed that his wages only covered eight-hour shifts. But Tam was clocking 10-hour workdays, six days a week, he said. And the \u003ca href=\"http://wagetheftisacrime.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">wage theft\u003c/a> went on for several years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I was angry, but also felt powerless,” said Tam, an immigrant from Hong Kong, speaking in Cantonese. “Many of us complained to management but nothing would change. They just ignored us.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11838154\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-11838154\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/RS44905_IMG_4096-scaled-e1600230297200-1020x1360.jpg\" alt=\"Ping Tam, 29, testified against his former employers at a hearing at the Labor Commissioner's Office.\" width=\"640\" height=\"853\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/RS44905_IMG_4096-scaled-e1600230297200-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/RS44905_IMG_4096-scaled-e1600230297200-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/RS44905_IMG_4096-scaled-e1600230297200-160x213.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/RS44905_IMG_4096-scaled-e1600230297200-1152x1536.jpg 1152w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/RS44905_IMG_4096-scaled-e1600230297200-1536x2048.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/RS44905_IMG_4096-scaled-e1600230297200-1122x1496.jpg 1122w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/RS44905_IMG_4096-scaled-e1600230297200-840x1120.jpg 840w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/RS44905_IMG_4096-scaled-e1600230297200-687x916.jpg 687w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/RS44905_IMG_4096-scaled-e1600230297200-414x552.jpg 414w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/RS44905_IMG_4096-scaled-e1600230297200-354x472.jpg 354w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/RS44905_IMG_4096-scaled-e1600230297200.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ping Tam, 29, testified against his former employers at a hearing at the California Labor Commissioner's Office. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Chinese Progressive Association)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>After a four-year legal battle, Tam and more than a hundred sushi chefs, servers, dishwashers and other restaurant staff won a multi-million dollar settlement against Kome’s owners. It was announced \u003ca href=\"https://www.dir.ca.gov/DIRNews/2020/2020-68.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">last month\u003c/a> by the California Labor Commissioner's Office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In recent years, a series of well-known restaurants in the Bay Area, including \u003ca href=\"https://sfist.com/2020/06/04/current-and-former-burma-superstar-employees-win-1-3m-class-action-suit/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Burma Superstar\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/La-Taqueria-workers-risky-complaints-over-13040018.php?utm_campaign=twitter-premium&utm_source=CMS%20Sharing%20Button&utm_medium=social\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">La Taqueria\u003c/a>, have settled or received fines for allegedly stealing wages from their workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But advocates and state officials in charge of upholding labor laws worry that vulnerable workers today will be less likely to report mistreatment, because the pandemic has resulted in widespread job insecurity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Labor Commissioner's Office opened an investigation and payroll audit at Kome in 2016, after some employees \u003ca href=\"http://wagetheftisacrime.com/Report-Laborlaw-Violation.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">complained\u003c/a> that the restaurant’s owners were using workers’ tips to pay minimum wage salaries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Building a case requires those impacted to cooperate with the labor agency and testify during hearings, said Winnie Kao, an attorney with the Asian Law Caucus in San Francisco. But workers may be afraid of losing their jobs or facing retaliation from their employers, and some are too scared to proceed, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some of the most abused workers involve workers who are unfamiliar with the legal system, who are sometimes fearful of government agencies,” said Kao, who represented some of the Kome workers. “There can be language barriers or cultural barriers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tam was one of a handful of Kome workers who were willing to step forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The nonprofit Chinese Progressive Association helped them organize. The workers passed out flyers outside the restaurant about the violations they said they experienced and garnered attention from the San Francisco Board of Supervisors, which passed a \u003ca href=\"https://sfgov.legistar.com/LegislationDetail.aspx?ID=3936648&GUID=22262B66-A541-4EBD-AA22-BF981A0AF44B\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">resolution\u003c/a> urging San Franciscans to stop going to Kome until the Labor Commissioner’s citation was resolved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tam, who moved to the U.S. in 2008 in search of economic opportunities, said he decided to speak up about his experience after his employers retaliated against him and other workers, cutting their hours and even firing one employee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Tam testified in person against his former employers at a hearing last year, Kao said he held his ground and inspired others.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"'You had workers who were brave enough to come forward and file a complaint ... the amount of courage and strength it takes for workers to do that.'","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Cindy Elias, attorney","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He was really centered and just matter-of-fact about telling the truth,” said Kao. “Just a really strong, solid leader.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Labor Commissioner \u003ca href=\"https://www.dir.ca.gov/DIRNews/2018/2018-39.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">found\u003c/a> that between 2014 and 2017, dozens of cooks, sushi chefs and dishwashers were paid a fixed amount that didn’t include overtime, even though they typically worked 55 hours per week. California law requires that most hourly workers be paid one and a half times their regular rate when they put in more than eight hours a day or more than 40 hours a week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The restaurant’s owners also stole overtime from other staffers, such as servers and busers, and illegally counted the workers’ tips as part of their hourly wage, according to the investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the settlement, Kome’s owners agreed to pay $2.6 million, mostly in back wages owed to 133 workers. The employers did not admit to any wrongdoing, however, said Cindy Elias, an attorney with the Bureau of Field Enforcement at the Labor Commissioner’s Office, who worked on the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The labor agency initially issued wage assessments and civil penalties totaling $5.16 million in the summer of 2018, but officials reduced the amount after the employers presented evidence that they had already paid employees some of that money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each worker will get on average $14,200. A first check was sent out in August, and a second payment will go out by the end of the year, said Elias.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It's a huge victory for the unheard voices, the people that are most vulnerable,” she said. “You had workers who were brave enough to come forward and file a complaint. ... I mean the amount of courage and strength it takes for workers to do that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She added that all workers in California are protected by labor laws, regardless of their immigration status.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"More Immigration Coverage ","tag":"immigrants"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The restaurant owners named in the settlement are David Leung, Wendy Lai Ip, Gang Zhou, Jun Zheng, Bai Dong Zhang and Tiffany Leung. They did not return a request for comment sent to their attorney.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokeswoman for the California Restaurant Association said that restaurants who cheat not only harm their employees but also put other law-abiding businesses at a disadvantage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People should be held to account when wage theft occurs,” said the association’s spokeswoman, Sharokina Shams, in a statement. “Beyond the obvious damage done to the workers involved, there is damage to neighboring businesses as well since they are forced to compete with an operator who is failing to comply with laws.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wage theft costs the state’s workforce a whopping $2 billion in earnings per year, according to a 2017 \u003ca href=\"https://www.epi.org/publication/employers-steal-billions-from-workers-paychecks-each-year/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">report\u003c/a> by the Economic Policy Institute, a nonprofit think tank in Washington, D.C.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elias and Kao, with the Asian Law Caucus, worry that with millions of Californians unemployed, low-wage workers who do have jobs will be less willing to cooperate in investigations of abuse or retaliation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It's much more difficult for people to report labor law violations because they're very afraid of the consequences and losing their job, especially during this time,” said Elias. “I am sure that’s a consideration that workers are taking into account.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Ping Tam said the fact that he and his co-workers are finally recovering thousands of dollars in wages they were owed sends a message that employers can be held accountable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This settlement provides a credible signal that if owners exploit their workers, there will be oversight and workers will be compensated,” said Tam, who lives with his mother in a single-room occupancy hotel in San Francisco’s Chinatown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What I want out of this is to send the message that workers have rights that will be protected, that workers can have a recourse,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11838137/immigrants-win-back-stolen-wages-but-few-may-report-violations-during-pandemic","authors":["8659"],"programs":["news_72"],"categories":["news_1169","news_8"],"tags":["news_23078","news_27626","news_17708","news_20202","news_19904","news_22714","news_18208"],"featImg":"news_11838142","label":"news_72"},"news_11691765":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11691765","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11691765","score":null,"sort":[1537119014000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"breaking-the-silence-on-angel-islands-immigration-station","title":"Breaking the Silence on Angel Island’s Immigration Station","publishDate":1537119014,"format":"image","headTitle":"The California Report | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":72,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-california-report-magazine/id1314750545?mt=2\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Listen to this and more in-depth storytelling by subscribing to The California Report Magazine podcast.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[dropcap]A[/dropcap]ngel Island State Park is just a short ferry ride away from San Francisco’s wharf. Most visitors make the trip to bike, picnic and catch a stunning glimpse of the Golden Gate Bridge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But hidden in plain sight is a remnant of a time when California wasn’t so welcoming to immigrants. It’s a historic landmark that many Bay Area residents and visitors don’t realize exists on the scenic island.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11691885\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11691885\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32763_Angel_Island_Wharf_001-qut-800x419.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"419\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32763_Angel_Island_Wharf_001-qut-800x419.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32763_Angel_Island_Wharf_001-qut-160x84.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32763_Angel_Island_Wharf_001-qut-1020x534.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32763_Angel_Island_Wharf_001-qut-1200x628.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32763_Angel_Island_Wharf_001-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32763_Angel_Island_Wharf_001-qut-1180x618.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32763_Angel_Island_Wharf_001-qut-960x503.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32763_Angel_Island_Wharf_001-qut-240x126.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32763_Angel_Island_Wharf_001-qut-375x196.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32763_Angel_Island_Wharf_001-qut-520x272.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The U.S. Immigration Station at Angel Island processed nearly a million immigrants from more than 80 countries between 1910-1940. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of National Archive)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A steep, but short, climb up 144 stairs, and a trek over to a hidden cove is required to visit the place often called “\u003ca href=\"http://angelisland.org/history/united-states-immigration-station-usis/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Ellis Island of the West\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But unlike Ellis Island, the Angel Island Immigration Station was anything but welcoming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s where people from over 82 countries — including Russia, the Philippines, Japan and Mexico — were met with strict enforcement of immigration laws. Chinese immigrants made up the majority of newcomers seeking entry at Angel Island.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The facility operated for three decades, from 1910 to 1940, and shut down after a fire. What remains has been restored as a museum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11691886\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11691886\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32766_DSC_0188-qut-800x514.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"514\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32766_DSC_0188-qut-800x514.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32766_DSC_0188-qut-160x103.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32766_DSC_0188-qut-1020x656.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32766_DSC_0188-qut-1200x771.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32766_DSC_0188-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32766_DSC_0188-qut-1180x758.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32766_DSC_0188-qut-960x617.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32766_DSC_0188-qut-240x154.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32766_DSC_0188-qut-375x241.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32766_DSC_0188-qut-520x334.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Although it's often called the 'Ellis Island of the West,' immigrants did not receive a warm welcome here. \u003ccite>(Marisol Medina-Cadena\\KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Joe Chan, a 76-year-old volunteer docent for the museum, made the rigorous hike this morning without breaking a sweat. A group of a dozen visitors join him for a tour.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He starts his tour in front of a large bronze bell. It marks where cargo ships carrying immigrant passengers used to dock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11691887\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32765_Bell-at-Angel-Island-qut-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"The original bell from 1910 which signaled to large ships blinded by the fog where to dock and unload immigrant passengers.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11691887\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32765_Bell-at-Angel-Island-qut-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32765_Bell-at-Angel-Island-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32765_Bell-at-Angel-Island-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32765_Bell-at-Angel-Island-qut-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32765_Bell-at-Angel-Island-qut-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32765_Bell-at-Angel-Island-qut-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32765_Bell-at-Angel-Island-qut-520x347.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32765_Bell-at-Angel-Island-qut.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The original bell from 1910 which signaled to large ships blinded by the fog where to dock and unload immigrant passengers. \u003ccite>(Library of Congress)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The U.S. Immigration Station was open on Angel Island from 1910 until 1940 primarily to enforce the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882,\" Chan explains. “It was the first law designed specifically to keep a group of people from freely entering the United States.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is now a \"sanctuary state\" but back in the 19th Century, the state pushed hard for the passage of the Chinese Exclusion Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Golden State even had its own laws targeting Chinese people. The immigrant laborers had to pay higher \u003ca href=\"https://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/program/episodes/three/goldandhope.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">taxes\u003c/a>, couldn’t own \u003ca href=\"https://scholarship.law.berkeley.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3652&context=californialawreview\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">land\u003c/a> or attend \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/How-early-SF-kept-Chinese-children-out-of-the-11074408.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">public schools\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11691891\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11691891\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32767_DSC_0194-qut-800x499.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"499\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32767_DSC_0194-qut-800x499.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32767_DSC_0194-qut-160x100.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32767_DSC_0194-qut-1020x636.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32767_DSC_0194-qut-1200x748.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32767_DSC_0194-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32767_DSC_0194-qut-1180x736.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32767_DSC_0194-qut-960x599.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32767_DSC_0194-qut-240x150.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32767_DSC_0194-qut-375x234.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32767_DSC_0194-qut-520x324.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Most of the 175,000 Chinese immigrants who were processed here were detained for a few weeks or up to three months. \u003ccite>(Marisol Medina-Cadena\\KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On the tour, Chan leads us to a pair of concrete steps that immigrants climbed after they got off the ship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s where they were separated according to race, gender and age. There were different entrances into the facility for European immigrants and non-Europeans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So inside the admin building, they're greeted by an American doctor wearing a long white lab coat. And the doctor says to each group in turn ‘Strip! Take off [your] clothes,'\" Joe says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He tells us immigrants then had to give a stool sample and undergo a humiliating medical examination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you were sick, you had to pay for your own medical treatment. If you couldn't afford it you were deported. If you are not sick you continued on through the maze of the administration building and up the covered stairway and into the barracks where you'd wait for your interrogation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11691892\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32729_Chinese_women_children-qut.jpg\" alt=\"Chinese women and children under 12 were held together at the immigration station.\" width=\"1000\" height=\"736\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11691892\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32729_Chinese_women_children-qut.jpg 1000w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32729_Chinese_women_children-qut-160x118.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32729_Chinese_women_children-qut-800x589.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32729_Chinese_women_children-qut-960x707.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32729_Chinese_women_children-qut-240x177.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32729_Chinese_women_children-qut-375x276.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32729_Chinese_women_children-qut-520x383.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Chinese women and children under 12 were held together at the immigration station. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the California Historical Society, CHS2009.091)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Compared to Ellis Island, where immigrants were processed and let through in\u003ca href=\"https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=1309\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> two to three hours\u003c/a>, Chinese immigrants at Angel Island were detained for an average stay of three weeks to six months. A few were kept nearly two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lengthy stay was due to the fact that Chinese immigrants had to explain why they were exempt from the Chinese Exclusion Act. There were some exceptions to the law, which allowed merchants, clergy, diplomats, teachers, students or children of U.S. citizens to enter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then there was a loophole made possible because of a natural disaster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 1906 earthquake and fire destroyed San Francisco's City Hall, which held countless birth certificates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11691895\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11691895\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32758_sf-earthquake-6-xl-qut-800x1086.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"1086\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32758_sf-earthquake-6-xl-qut-800x1086.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32758_sf-earthquake-6-xl-qut-160x217.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32758_sf-earthquake-6-xl-qut-1020x1384.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32758_sf-earthquake-6-xl-qut-884x1200.jpg 884w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32758_sf-earthquake-6-xl-qut-1180x1601.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32758_sf-earthquake-6-xl-qut-960x1303.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32758_sf-earthquake-6-xl-qut-240x326.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32758_sf-earthquake-6-xl-qut-375x509.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32758_sf-earthquake-6-xl-qut-520x706.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32758_sf-earthquake-6-xl-qut.jpg 1582w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The destruction of records at San Francisco's City Hall in the 1906 earthquake enabled Chinese to claim they were U.S. citizens. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of National Archive/ records of the United States Senate, National Archives)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“And some smart Chinese man stands up proudly and says, ‘I was born right here. And oh by the way I have five sons in China I want to bring over here because that was allowed under the Exclusion Act and you guys can't prove otherwise because I lost my birth certificate in the Great Fire of 1906,’” Chan says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So many Chinese labors already here — from the Gold Rush era and the construction of the transcontinental railroad — seized the opportunity by claiming they were U.S. citizens with children back in China.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hopeful immigrants paid large sums of money to pretend they were those children: called “paper sons” or “paper daughters.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While sailing across the Pacific they would memorize facts about their new identities because once they got to Angel Island they would have to answer hundreds of questions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11691908\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11691908 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32774_interogation-at-angel-island-qut-800x1003.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"1003\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32774_interogation-at-angel-island-qut-800x1003.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32774_interogation-at-angel-island-qut-160x201.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32774_interogation-at-angel-island-qut-1020x1279.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32774_interogation-at-angel-island-qut-957x1200.jpg 957w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32774_interogation-at-angel-island-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32774_interogation-at-angel-island-qut-1180x1480.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32774_interogation-at-angel-island-qut-960x1204.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32774_interogation-at-angel-island-qut-240x301.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32774_interogation-at-angel-island-qut-375x470.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32774_interogation-at-angel-island-qut-520x652.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photograph of an interrogation at Angel Island. \u003ccite>(National Archives)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Immigration officials asked minute details to try and weed out who was telling the truth and who wasn’t.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sponsoring relatives living in the U.S. were brought in for grueling interrogations as well. Answers had to match up. Otherwise, immigrants risked deportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The original interrogation room no longer stands, but a granite table engraved with immigrant records recalls what the interrogations were like. Chan stands next to it and fires off a round of questions asked of Chinese immigrants:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What's the name of your village? Where is it located? There's a wall around your village? What's it made out of? How many children do they have? How old are they? What are their names? Who lives next door to you on your left? How many pigs do they own?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chan knows these were actual questions because he dug up the records from his own father’s interrogation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chan points to his father’s name and image etched on the granite table. He was held here in 1926 at the age of 15.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11691905\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32773_DSC_0209-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1281\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11691905\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32773_DSC_0209-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32773_DSC_0209-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32773_DSC_0209-qut-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32773_DSC_0209-qut-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32773_DSC_0209-qut-1200x801.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32773_DSC_0209-qut-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32773_DSC_0209-qut-960x641.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32773_DSC_0209-qut-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32773_DSC_0209-qut-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32773_DSC_0209-qut-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Many Chinese detainees carved poetry into the wooden walls expressing their despair. \u003ccite>(Marisol Medina-Cadena/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>There’s also a document from his mom’s detention on the Island in 1940. She was actually a passport-holding U.S. citizen, born in Detroit, Michigan. She was just returning from a stay in China but held because she was of Chinese descent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For most of his life, Chan never knew that his parents were detained on the island or that his father was a paper son. It was a family secret.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For his whole life [my father] was looking over his shoulder for the immigration officials to come knocking on the door. He didn't want me to be implicated in that,” Chan says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He didn’t learn about his father’s detention until after his father died. Now, Chan wants all Californians to know what happened here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is not a personal story. This is an American story.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11691896\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11691896 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32768_DSC_0212-qut-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32768_DSC_0212-qut-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32768_DSC_0212-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32768_DSC_0212-qut-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32768_DSC_0212-qut-1200x801.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32768_DSC_0212-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32768_DSC_0212-qut-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32768_DSC_0212-qut-960x641.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32768_DSC_0212-qut-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32768_DSC_0212-qut-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32768_DSC_0212-qut-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This recreation of the dormitories depicts how detainees were kept in confined rooms with locked doors, unable to leave without the supervision of an escort guard. \u003ccite>(Marisol Medina-Cadena\\ KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Chan takes the group inside the detention barrack. They are bleak, filled with rows of metal bunk-beds. He says, the larger rooms were meant to house fewer than 60 people, but officials usually crammed 200 inside, worsening the unsanitary living conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Immigration Service thought the Chinese were a hardy peasant stock used to sleeping on the ground in China. They didn't need mattresses. But enough complaints arose that mattresses and pillows were soon brought forth,” Chan says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He adds that detainees also rioted until officials agreed to serve Chinese food inside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Walking through the various rooms, Chan rattles off accounts about life inside the barracks. He tells the story of one boy who was detained at 12-years-old.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Since he was tall for his age he was separated from his mother and thrown in with the men,\" Chan says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The boy saw his mother twice in a 34 day period through a small window as they passed in the dining hall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11691898\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11691898\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32772_DSC_0219-qut-800x515.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"515\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32772_DSC_0219-qut-800x515.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32772_DSC_0219-qut-160x103.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32772_DSC_0219-qut-1020x657.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32772_DSC_0219-qut-1200x773.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32772_DSC_0219-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32772_DSC_0219-qut-1180x760.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32772_DSC_0219-qut-960x619.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32772_DSC_0219-qut-240x155.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32772_DSC_0219-qut-375x242.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32772_DSC_0219-qut-520x335.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">View of the San Francisco Bay from detention dormitories. \u003ccite>(Marisol Medina-Cadena\\KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When we reach the end of the tour, Chan pauses and asks us to think how history might be repeating itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Consider what our immigration future should be like. Should we be more exclusive, as we've done in the past trying to keep more people out of this country?” Chan asks. “Or should we be more inclusive and try to allow more people to come to this country? The future is up to us. It's up to all of us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group applauds, but Chan doesn’t give tours for the praise. He just wants to keep this history alive, especially since previous generations were too scared to talk about this dark period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So he’ll continue to make the tough hike up to the Angel Island’s Immigration Station, persuading people to follow along, and learn what really happened here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>More information about tours at Angel Island's Immigration Station can be found\u003ca href=\"https://www.aiisf.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> here.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"For Joe Chan, keeping the history of Angel Island alive is personal. His parents were detained there under the Chinese Exclusion Act. Now he wants all Californians to know this history. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1537230623,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":49,"wordCount":1666},"headData":{"title":"Breaking the Silence on Angel Island’s Immigration Station | KQED","description":"For Joe Chan, keeping the history of Angel Island alive is personal. His parents were detained there under the Chinese Exclusion Act. Now he wants all Californians to know this history. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"11691765 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11691765","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2018/09/16/breaking-the-silence-on-angel-islands-immigration-station/","disqusTitle":"Breaking the Silence on Angel Island’s Immigration Station","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/tcrmag/2018/09/AngelIsland.mp3","audioTrackLength":410,"path":"/news/11691765/breaking-the-silence-on-angel-islands-immigration-station","audioDuration":423000,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-california-report-magazine/id1314750545?mt=2\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Listen to this and more in-depth storytelling by subscribing to The California Report Magazine podcast.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">A\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>ngel Island State Park is just a short ferry ride away from San Francisco’s wharf. Most visitors make the trip to bike, picnic and catch a stunning glimpse of the Golden Gate Bridge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But hidden in plain sight is a remnant of a time when California wasn’t so welcoming to immigrants. It’s a historic landmark that many Bay Area residents and visitors don’t realize exists on the scenic island.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11691885\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11691885\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32763_Angel_Island_Wharf_001-qut-800x419.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"419\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32763_Angel_Island_Wharf_001-qut-800x419.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32763_Angel_Island_Wharf_001-qut-160x84.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32763_Angel_Island_Wharf_001-qut-1020x534.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32763_Angel_Island_Wharf_001-qut-1200x628.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32763_Angel_Island_Wharf_001-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32763_Angel_Island_Wharf_001-qut-1180x618.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32763_Angel_Island_Wharf_001-qut-960x503.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32763_Angel_Island_Wharf_001-qut-240x126.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32763_Angel_Island_Wharf_001-qut-375x196.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32763_Angel_Island_Wharf_001-qut-520x272.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The U.S. Immigration Station at Angel Island processed nearly a million immigrants from more than 80 countries between 1910-1940. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of National Archive)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A steep, but short, climb up 144 stairs, and a trek over to a hidden cove is required to visit the place often called “\u003ca href=\"http://angelisland.org/history/united-states-immigration-station-usis/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Ellis Island of the West\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But unlike Ellis Island, the Angel Island Immigration Station was anything but welcoming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s where people from over 82 countries — including Russia, the Philippines, Japan and Mexico — were met with strict enforcement of immigration laws. Chinese immigrants made up the majority of newcomers seeking entry at Angel Island.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The facility operated for three decades, from 1910 to 1940, and shut down after a fire. What remains has been restored as a museum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11691886\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11691886\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32766_DSC_0188-qut-800x514.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"514\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32766_DSC_0188-qut-800x514.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32766_DSC_0188-qut-160x103.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32766_DSC_0188-qut-1020x656.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32766_DSC_0188-qut-1200x771.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32766_DSC_0188-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32766_DSC_0188-qut-1180x758.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32766_DSC_0188-qut-960x617.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32766_DSC_0188-qut-240x154.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32766_DSC_0188-qut-375x241.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32766_DSC_0188-qut-520x334.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Although it's often called the 'Ellis Island of the West,' immigrants did not receive a warm welcome here. \u003ccite>(Marisol Medina-Cadena\\KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Joe Chan, a 76-year-old volunteer docent for the museum, made the rigorous hike this morning without breaking a sweat. A group of a dozen visitors join him for a tour.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He starts his tour in front of a large bronze bell. It marks where cargo ships carrying immigrant passengers used to dock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11691887\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32765_Bell-at-Angel-Island-qut-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"The original bell from 1910 which signaled to large ships blinded by the fog where to dock and unload immigrant passengers.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11691887\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32765_Bell-at-Angel-Island-qut-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32765_Bell-at-Angel-Island-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32765_Bell-at-Angel-Island-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32765_Bell-at-Angel-Island-qut-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32765_Bell-at-Angel-Island-qut-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32765_Bell-at-Angel-Island-qut-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32765_Bell-at-Angel-Island-qut-520x347.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32765_Bell-at-Angel-Island-qut.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The original bell from 1910 which signaled to large ships blinded by the fog where to dock and unload immigrant passengers. \u003ccite>(Library of Congress)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The U.S. Immigration Station was open on Angel Island from 1910 until 1940 primarily to enforce the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882,\" Chan explains. “It was the first law designed specifically to keep a group of people from freely entering the United States.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is now a \"sanctuary state\" but back in the 19th Century, the state pushed hard for the passage of the Chinese Exclusion Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Golden State even had its own laws targeting Chinese people. The immigrant laborers had to pay higher \u003ca href=\"https://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/program/episodes/three/goldandhope.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">taxes\u003c/a>, couldn’t own \u003ca href=\"https://scholarship.law.berkeley.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3652&context=californialawreview\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">land\u003c/a> or attend \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/How-early-SF-kept-Chinese-children-out-of-the-11074408.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">public schools\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11691891\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11691891\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32767_DSC_0194-qut-800x499.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"499\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32767_DSC_0194-qut-800x499.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32767_DSC_0194-qut-160x100.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32767_DSC_0194-qut-1020x636.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32767_DSC_0194-qut-1200x748.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32767_DSC_0194-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32767_DSC_0194-qut-1180x736.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32767_DSC_0194-qut-960x599.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32767_DSC_0194-qut-240x150.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32767_DSC_0194-qut-375x234.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32767_DSC_0194-qut-520x324.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Most of the 175,000 Chinese immigrants who were processed here were detained for a few weeks or up to three months. \u003ccite>(Marisol Medina-Cadena\\KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On the tour, Chan leads us to a pair of concrete steps that immigrants climbed after they got off the ship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s where they were separated according to race, gender and age. There were different entrances into the facility for European immigrants and non-Europeans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So inside the admin building, they're greeted by an American doctor wearing a long white lab coat. And the doctor says to each group in turn ‘Strip! Take off [your] clothes,'\" Joe says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He tells us immigrants then had to give a stool sample and undergo a humiliating medical examination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you were sick, you had to pay for your own medical treatment. If you couldn't afford it you were deported. If you are not sick you continued on through the maze of the administration building and up the covered stairway and into the barracks where you'd wait for your interrogation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11691892\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32729_Chinese_women_children-qut.jpg\" alt=\"Chinese women and children under 12 were held together at the immigration station.\" width=\"1000\" height=\"736\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11691892\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32729_Chinese_women_children-qut.jpg 1000w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32729_Chinese_women_children-qut-160x118.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32729_Chinese_women_children-qut-800x589.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32729_Chinese_women_children-qut-960x707.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32729_Chinese_women_children-qut-240x177.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32729_Chinese_women_children-qut-375x276.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32729_Chinese_women_children-qut-520x383.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Chinese women and children under 12 were held together at the immigration station. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the California Historical Society, CHS2009.091)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Compared to Ellis Island, where immigrants were processed and let through in\u003ca href=\"https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=1309\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> two to three hours\u003c/a>, Chinese immigrants at Angel Island were detained for an average stay of three weeks to six months. A few were kept nearly two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lengthy stay was due to the fact that Chinese immigrants had to explain why they were exempt from the Chinese Exclusion Act. There were some exceptions to the law, which allowed merchants, clergy, diplomats, teachers, students or children of U.S. citizens to enter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then there was a loophole made possible because of a natural disaster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 1906 earthquake and fire destroyed San Francisco's City Hall, which held countless birth certificates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11691895\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11691895\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32758_sf-earthquake-6-xl-qut-800x1086.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"1086\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32758_sf-earthquake-6-xl-qut-800x1086.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32758_sf-earthquake-6-xl-qut-160x217.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32758_sf-earthquake-6-xl-qut-1020x1384.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32758_sf-earthquake-6-xl-qut-884x1200.jpg 884w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32758_sf-earthquake-6-xl-qut-1180x1601.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32758_sf-earthquake-6-xl-qut-960x1303.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32758_sf-earthquake-6-xl-qut-240x326.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32758_sf-earthquake-6-xl-qut-375x509.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32758_sf-earthquake-6-xl-qut-520x706.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32758_sf-earthquake-6-xl-qut.jpg 1582w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The destruction of records at San Francisco's City Hall in the 1906 earthquake enabled Chinese to claim they were U.S. citizens. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of National Archive/ records of the United States Senate, National Archives)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“And some smart Chinese man stands up proudly and says, ‘I was born right here. And oh by the way I have five sons in China I want to bring over here because that was allowed under the Exclusion Act and you guys can't prove otherwise because I lost my birth certificate in the Great Fire of 1906,’” Chan says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So many Chinese labors already here — from the Gold Rush era and the construction of the transcontinental railroad — seized the opportunity by claiming they were U.S. citizens with children back in China.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hopeful immigrants paid large sums of money to pretend they were those children: called “paper sons” or “paper daughters.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While sailing across the Pacific they would memorize facts about their new identities because once they got to Angel Island they would have to answer hundreds of questions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11691908\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11691908 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32774_interogation-at-angel-island-qut-800x1003.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"1003\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32774_interogation-at-angel-island-qut-800x1003.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32774_interogation-at-angel-island-qut-160x201.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32774_interogation-at-angel-island-qut-1020x1279.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32774_interogation-at-angel-island-qut-957x1200.jpg 957w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32774_interogation-at-angel-island-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32774_interogation-at-angel-island-qut-1180x1480.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32774_interogation-at-angel-island-qut-960x1204.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32774_interogation-at-angel-island-qut-240x301.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32774_interogation-at-angel-island-qut-375x470.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32774_interogation-at-angel-island-qut-520x652.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photograph of an interrogation at Angel Island. \u003ccite>(National Archives)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Immigration officials asked minute details to try and weed out who was telling the truth and who wasn’t.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sponsoring relatives living in the U.S. were brought in for grueling interrogations as well. Answers had to match up. Otherwise, immigrants risked deportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The original interrogation room no longer stands, but a granite table engraved with immigrant records recalls what the interrogations were like. Chan stands next to it and fires off a round of questions asked of Chinese immigrants:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What's the name of your village? Where is it located? There's a wall around your village? What's it made out of? How many children do they have? How old are they? What are their names? Who lives next door to you on your left? How many pigs do they own?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chan knows these were actual questions because he dug up the records from his own father’s interrogation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chan points to his father’s name and image etched on the granite table. He was held here in 1926 at the age of 15.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11691905\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32773_DSC_0209-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1281\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11691905\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32773_DSC_0209-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32773_DSC_0209-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32773_DSC_0209-qut-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32773_DSC_0209-qut-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32773_DSC_0209-qut-1200x801.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32773_DSC_0209-qut-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32773_DSC_0209-qut-960x641.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32773_DSC_0209-qut-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32773_DSC_0209-qut-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32773_DSC_0209-qut-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Many Chinese detainees carved poetry into the wooden walls expressing their despair. \u003ccite>(Marisol Medina-Cadena/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>There’s also a document from his mom’s detention on the Island in 1940. She was actually a passport-holding U.S. citizen, born in Detroit, Michigan. She was just returning from a stay in China but held because she was of Chinese descent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For most of his life, Chan never knew that his parents were detained on the island or that his father was a paper son. It was a family secret.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For his whole life [my father] was looking over his shoulder for the immigration officials to come knocking on the door. He didn't want me to be implicated in that,” Chan says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He didn’t learn about his father’s detention until after his father died. Now, Chan wants all Californians to know what happened here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is not a personal story. This is an American story.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11691896\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11691896 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32768_DSC_0212-qut-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32768_DSC_0212-qut-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32768_DSC_0212-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32768_DSC_0212-qut-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32768_DSC_0212-qut-1200x801.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32768_DSC_0212-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32768_DSC_0212-qut-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32768_DSC_0212-qut-960x641.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32768_DSC_0212-qut-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32768_DSC_0212-qut-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32768_DSC_0212-qut-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This recreation of the dormitories depicts how detainees were kept in confined rooms with locked doors, unable to leave without the supervision of an escort guard. \u003ccite>(Marisol Medina-Cadena\\ KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Chan takes the group inside the detention barrack. They are bleak, filled with rows of metal bunk-beds. He says, the larger rooms were meant to house fewer than 60 people, but officials usually crammed 200 inside, worsening the unsanitary living conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Immigration Service thought the Chinese were a hardy peasant stock used to sleeping on the ground in China. They didn't need mattresses. But enough complaints arose that mattresses and pillows were soon brought forth,” Chan says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He adds that detainees also rioted until officials agreed to serve Chinese food inside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Walking through the various rooms, Chan rattles off accounts about life inside the barracks. He tells the story of one boy who was detained at 12-years-old.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Since he was tall for his age he was separated from his mother and thrown in with the men,\" Chan says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The boy saw his mother twice in a 34 day period through a small window as they passed in the dining hall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11691898\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11691898\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32772_DSC_0219-qut-800x515.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"515\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32772_DSC_0219-qut-800x515.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32772_DSC_0219-qut-160x103.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32772_DSC_0219-qut-1020x657.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32772_DSC_0219-qut-1200x773.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32772_DSC_0219-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32772_DSC_0219-qut-1180x760.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32772_DSC_0219-qut-960x619.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32772_DSC_0219-qut-240x155.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32772_DSC_0219-qut-375x242.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32772_DSC_0219-qut-520x335.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">View of the San Francisco Bay from detention dormitories. \u003ccite>(Marisol Medina-Cadena\\KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When we reach the end of the tour, Chan pauses and asks us to think how history might be repeating itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Consider what our immigration future should be like. Should we be more exclusive, as we've done in the past trying to keep more people out of this country?” Chan asks. “Or should we be more inclusive and try to allow more people to come to this country? The future is up to us. It's up to all of us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group applauds, but Chan doesn’t give tours for the praise. He just wants to keep this history alive, especially since previous generations were too scared to talk about this dark period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So he’ll continue to make the tough hike up to the Angel Island’s Immigration Station, persuading people to follow along, and learn what really happened here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>More information about tours at Angel Island's Immigration Station can be found\u003ca href=\"https://www.aiisf.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> here.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11691765/breaking-the-silence-on-angel-islands-immigration-station","authors":["11528"],"programs":["news_72"],"categories":["news_1169","news_6188","news_8","news_13"],"tags":["news_23078","news_23114","news_22215"],"featImg":"news_11691901","label":"news_72"},"news_11674499":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11674499","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11674499","score":null,"sort":[1528895549000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"s-f-supervisors-resolve-to-honor-chinese-american-wwii-vets","title":"S.F. Supervisors Resolve to Honor Chinese-American WWII Vets","publishDate":1528895549,"format":"audio","headTitle":"The California Report | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":72,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>The San Francisco Board of Supervisors voted unanimously Tuesday on a resolution urging Congress to honor Chinese-American World War II veterans with the Congressional Gold Medal — the highest civilian award in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These veterans have given their lives for this country and they served diligently and honorably,\" said Eddie Chen, a member of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cacanational.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Chinese American Citizens Alliance\u003c/a>, which helped spearhead the Gold Medal resolution. \"This country should recognize their services and the time and effort they spent defending and serving on behalf of the United States of America during the most terrible time of World War II.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11674519\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11674519\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Eddie-Chen-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Eddie Chen of the Chinese American Citizens Alliance, which spearheaded the proposal.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Eddie-Chen-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Eddie-Chen-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Eddie-Chen-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Eddie-Chen-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Eddie-Chen-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Eddie-Chen-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Eddie-Chen-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Eddie-Chen-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Eddie-Chen-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Eddie-Chen-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Eddie Chen of the Chinese American Citizens Alliance, which spearheaded the proposal. \u003ccite>(Photo: Chloe Veltman/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>More than 13,000 Chinese-Americans served in the U.S. armed forces during the conflict, despite widespread anti-Asian sentiment at the time. Some estimates put the number at closer to 20,000. The majority served in the U.S. Army, in units such as the 3rd and 4th Infantry Divisions in Europe, and the 6th, 32nd and 77th Infantry Divisions in the Pacific.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ronald Won, a 93-year-old former fighter pilot, was one of three Chinese-American vets honored at an event at San Francisco City Hall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I am glad I was able to serve this country,\" said Won. \"I always taught my children three principles: God comes first, then country, then family.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11674520\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11674520\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Ronald-Won-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"WWII fighter pilot Ronald Won shares his wartime memories at an event at San Francisco City Hall prior to the resolution going to vote before the Board of Supervisors.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Ronald-Won-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Ronald-Won-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Ronald-Won-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Ronald-Won-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Ronald-Won-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Ronald-Won-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Ronald-Won-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Ronald-Won-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Ronald-Won-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Ronald-Won-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">WWII fighter pilot Ronald Won shares his wartime memories at an event at San Francisco City Hall prior to the resolution going to vote before the Board of Supervisors. \u003ccite>(Photo: Chloe Veltman/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Won says the Gold Medal resolution is important because many people don't know Asians served in the U.S. military. \"We should expose the public, so that they recognize that Asians also served honorably in the military and defended this country.\u003ci>\"\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Board of Supervisors will now share the resolution with Bay Area Congress members. The hope is to get it passed before the end of the congressional session this year.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The board voted unanimously to urge Congress to honor Chinese-American World War II vets with the Congressional Gold Medal.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1528937867,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":9,"wordCount":342},"headData":{"title":"S.F. Supervisors Resolve to Honor Chinese-American WWII Vets | KQED","description":"The board voted unanimously to urge Congress to honor Chinese-American World War II vets with the Congressional Gold Medal.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"11674499 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11674499","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2018/06/13/s-f-supervisors-resolve-to-honor-chinese-american-wwii-vets/","disqusTitle":"S.F. Supervisors Resolve to Honor Chinese-American WWII Vets","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/2018/06/csWW2ChineseVets.mp3","path":"/news/11674499/s-f-supervisors-resolve-to-honor-chinese-american-wwii-vets","audioDuration":82000,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The San Francisco Board of Supervisors voted unanimously Tuesday on a resolution urging Congress to honor Chinese-American World War II veterans with the Congressional Gold Medal — the highest civilian award in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These veterans have given their lives for this country and they served diligently and honorably,\" said Eddie Chen, a member of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cacanational.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Chinese American Citizens Alliance\u003c/a>, which helped spearhead the Gold Medal resolution. \"This country should recognize their services and the time and effort they spent defending and serving on behalf of the United States of America during the most terrible time of World War II.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11674519\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11674519\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Eddie-Chen-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Eddie Chen of the Chinese American Citizens Alliance, which spearheaded the proposal.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Eddie-Chen-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Eddie-Chen-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Eddie-Chen-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Eddie-Chen-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Eddie-Chen-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Eddie-Chen-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Eddie-Chen-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Eddie-Chen-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Eddie-Chen-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Eddie-Chen-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Eddie Chen of the Chinese American Citizens Alliance, which spearheaded the proposal. \u003ccite>(Photo: Chloe Veltman/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>More than 13,000 Chinese-Americans served in the U.S. armed forces during the conflict, despite widespread anti-Asian sentiment at the time. Some estimates put the number at closer to 20,000. The majority served in the U.S. Army, in units such as the 3rd and 4th Infantry Divisions in Europe, and the 6th, 32nd and 77th Infantry Divisions in the Pacific.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ronald Won, a 93-year-old former fighter pilot, was one of three Chinese-American vets honored at an event at San Francisco City Hall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I am glad I was able to serve this country,\" said Won. \"I always taught my children three principles: God comes first, then country, then family.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11674520\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11674520\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Ronald-Won-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"WWII fighter pilot Ronald Won shares his wartime memories at an event at San Francisco City Hall prior to the resolution going to vote before the Board of Supervisors.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Ronald-Won-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Ronald-Won-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Ronald-Won-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Ronald-Won-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Ronald-Won-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Ronald-Won-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Ronald-Won-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Ronald-Won-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Ronald-Won-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Ronald-Won-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">WWII fighter pilot Ronald Won shares his wartime memories at an event at San Francisco City Hall prior to the resolution going to vote before the Board of Supervisors. \u003ccite>(Photo: Chloe Veltman/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Won says the Gold Medal resolution is important because many people don't know Asians served in the U.S. military. \"We should expose the public, so that they recognize that Asians also served honorably in the military and defended this country.\u003ci>\"\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Board of Supervisors will now share the resolution with Bay Area Congress members. The hope is to get it passed before the end of the congressional session this year.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11674499/s-f-supervisors-resolve-to-honor-chinese-american-wwii-vets","authors":["8608"],"programs":["news_72"],"categories":["news_8","news_13"],"tags":["news_23078","news_196","news_237","news_236"],"featImg":"news_11674511","label":"news_72"},"news_11664368":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11664368","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11664368","score":null,"sort":[1525223447000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"how-far-should-parents-dictate-school-sex-ed-debate-roils-bay-area-community","title":"How Far Should Parents Dictate School Sex Ed? Debate Roils Bay Area Community","publishDate":1525223447,"format":"standard","headTitle":"The California Report | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":72,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003ci>This story has been updated with the school board vote early Thursday and to add comments\u003cem> from U.S. Rep. Ro Khanna\u003c/em>. You can listen to a version of this story on The Bay podcast. \u003c/i>\u003ca style=\"font-style: italic\" href=\"http://bit.ly/thebaykqed\">Click here to subscribe\u003c/a>\u003ci>.\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The teaching of sex ed in fourth through sixth grades has been eliminated in the city of Fremont after months of controversy over a proposed new curriculum to comply with state law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Fremont Unified School District Board of Education voted early Thursday to scrap the sex ed program for fourth through sixth graders. Controversial content included addressing the emotional aspects of sex and sexual activity; the possibility that as adults, people may have more than one sexual partner; and inclusive LGBTQ lessons, like on transgender individuals and gender fluidity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Up until the vote, sex ed had been taught in Fremont schools to fifth and sixth graders since the 1980s, and to fourth graders since 2011. The board approved the update to sex ed in seventh through ninth grades — which they were essentially required to do to comply with the California Healthy Youth Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The majority of people here wanted to have sex education for fourth, fifth and sixth grade,” said school board member Larry Sweeney, who voted against the \u003ca href=\"https://www.boarddocs.com/ca/fremont/Board.nsf/public\">new sex ed instruction\u003c/a>. \"We just couldn’t agree on the content so the consequence is now there’s no sex education for fourth, fifth and sixth grades.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hundreds of parents, along with some teachers and current and former students, have flooded four Fremont Unified school board meetings in the past two months, deeply divided over how to teach students as young as fourth grade about sex and sexuality. Amid the dispute, some opponents and supporters have lodged accusations of racism, homophobia and transphobia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This curriculum strives to combat and confront things like sexual assault and bigotry,\" said a supporter, parent Pallavi Somusetty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s too much details for them to digest,” countered Sunitha Devi Gopalan, a parent opposing the new instruction. “It’s actually going to kill their innocence, that’s what I think.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leena Yin, a Fremont schools graduate who teaches sexual health in the East Bay, had presented to the board a petition with more than 1,000 signatures from students who supported the new sex ed curriculum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The fact that what is best for the students and what the students are asking for was ignored is the most frustrating part of this whole process,” Yin said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11666223/fremont-ends-sex-ed-for-fourth-through-six-graders-after-curriculum-controversy\">Following the vote\u003c/a>, the school board said it would convene a panel of parents and experts to try to reach a consensus on a sex ed curriculum that respects the beliefs of parents and adheres to state standards for next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. congressman for the area, Rep. Ro Khanna, decried the decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The repercussions of this are drastic: the board not only voted to reject CHYA compliant education but eliminated any sexual education for children at all,\" he said in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/RoKhannaUSA/posts/1725648827481420\">post on Facebook\u003c/a>. \"Sex education is critical for the safety of individuals of all ages, and this policy will silence voices, put students in danger, and increase overall risk in our communities.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Reaching Compliance\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rolled out in 2016, the \u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2015/sex-ed-to-become-mandatory-in-grades-7-12-in-california/88248\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">California Healthy Youth Act\u003c/span>\u003c/a> set some of the most progressive sex ed requirements in the country: The curriculum includes instruction on same-sex relationships and different gender identities, with additional lessons on consent and sexual assault.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The law makes sexual education a requirement starting in seventh grade. When sex ed is taught at earlier ages, the law requires those lessons follow state guidelines. That's what Fremont Unified did when they drafted the new lesson plans for fourth through sixth grade, said Denise Herrmann, associate superintendent of instruction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we used is the document that’s published by the state of California, that’s endorsed by pediatricians and by experts on puberty health and development, to help us make those grade level placements,” Herrmann said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>School board members had appeared divided over the issue, too, with some seeming to lean toward supporting parental control and others stressing the need for comprehensive sex ed. Many of the board members expressed hope they could find a viable compromise, but as tensions had flared, that had seemed less and less likely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You are elected by us, the parents in this room, not by social justice warriors, who aggressively promote their ideological agendas,\" one parent, Tony Szu, told the school board at its April meeting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other Bay Area school districts have had challenges implementing the new law, too: Last year, the nearby Cupertino Union School District backed off of making a \u003ca href=\"https://www.refinery29.com/2017/04/148151/cupertino-school-district-sex-ed-protest\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">similar update\u003c/span>\u003c/a> to its curriculum after a debate like the one in Fremont erupted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘Very Inappropriate’? Or, ‘We Shouldn’t Turn a Blind Eye’?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11666259\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11666259\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30657_Fremont_SD-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Parents and students at a Fremont school board meeting debating sex ed on Wednesday, May 2, 2018. \u003ccite>(Sandhya Dirks/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Parents like Danny Hsu said Fremont schools had crossed a line with the new sex ed proposal. His son, who is in fifth grade, was too young for these explicit details, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some of the stuff that they talk about is, in my opinion, very, very inappropriate,” Hsu said. “In fourth grade, they are going to start talking about erections, they are going to talk about wet dreams. In fifth grade, they actually talk about if the male and female have sexual intercourse then the penis is inserted into the vagina.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though parents could opt their kids out of the course, students can find out what is being taught, said Sylvia Wong, whose daughter is in sixth grade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She told me one day, 'Mom, I know all these things already. Because kids who attended the class talk about things like, it’s so gross, that just took away my innocence,'” Wong said. “When I heard that I was really angry. Because you think that you can opt out and protect your child, and raise her up in a more traditional and conservative way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They even talk about love-making positions,” she added. “They talk about sexual intercourse, anal sex. These things, I’m even ashamed to talk about it. I’m 45 years old, I don’t want my 10-year-old girl to be involved in that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supporters of the new sex ed curriculum said talking about sex early can decrease sexual activity among young people. Pallavi Somusetty, who grew up attending Fremont public schools, said she wishes she had sex ed instruction earlier and she wants it for her children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Sex ed happened two years too late for me\" -- two years, she said, after she got her period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lessons about consent, included in the new curriculum, came far too late for her best friend, who she said was sexually abused by a South Asian Fremont man in the 1990s. Somusetty said lessons about good touch and bad touch, far from stealing her friend’s innocence, might have protected it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We shouldn't turn a blind eye to these things, just because a minority of parents, some from my own South Asian community, want to pretend that they don't exist,\" Somusetty said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Has Racism Entered the Debate?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The large majority of parents protesting the new sex ed curriculum were South Asian-American or Chinese-American. About 70 percent of students in the Fremont Unified School District are of Asian descent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the debate has grown more heated, parent Annie He said she was “starting to fear (for) my family’s safety.\" She said a post on a public forum about the sex ed instruction attacked \"third world style people\" for creating taboos about sex ed. As a Chinese immigrant, she said she felt it was a direct attack against her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I am highly educated,\" Annie He said. She thinks racism has taken over the debate, and singled out South Asian-American and Chinese-American parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parents like Annie He said they weren't opposed to sex education. But they fear this curriculum teaches kids too much, too soon. “We just want to protect our children,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘I Wish Sex Ed Was Made Available to the Parents Here’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11659026\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11659026\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/IMG_4465-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/IMG_4465-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/IMG_4465-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/IMG_4465-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/IMG_4465-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/IMG_4465-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/IMG_4465-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/IMG_4465-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/IMG_4465-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/IMG_4465-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sameer Jha and his mother, Charmaine Hussain, at the Fremont Unified School District Board meeting \u003ccite>(Sandhya Dirks/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Another key part of the debate has been including topics about the LGBTQ community -- like diverse sexual and gender identities -- in the curriculum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cadiversityconference.com/2018/norcal/bio-sameer-jha.php\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sameer Jha\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, 16, joined the board meetings with his mom to back inclusive sex ed instruction. Jha said he was bullied constantly in elementary and middle school in Fremont for being feminine and for acting and looking different. It wasn't until after he left Fremont Unified, and started to commute to a private high school in Oakland, that he could come out to his parents and friends as queer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was very scary,” he said. “Being LGBTQ plus was seen as taboo and I was the first person to come out in my local South Asian community here in Fremont.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At first, his mother said she had a hard time with his identity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We had so many fears, so many biases,\" Charmaine Hussain said. \"There’s so much stigma in our community.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now Hussain is her son’s biggest cheerleader. As a Pakistani immigrant, she said she had to learn what it meant to be queer. Before her son came out, she said, “I didn’t even know that word existed.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I wish sex ed was made available to the parents here,” she said. “I look at the sea of parents who are here in opposition because they’re so fearful of diversity and it makes me really realize how important what my son is doing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jha said one of the reasons the inclusive sex ed curriculum is so important is to have kids talk about sexuality -- queer and otherwise. He said lessons like this may have prevented his being bullied.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some parents opposed to the new curriculum said they didn’t want their kids to be taught about sexual and gender identity, while others said they didn’t want to exclude these topics but felt it was too early for their kids to learn about them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parent Taft Ding said he worried about language in the curriculum telling fourth graders they get to decide who they are -- echoing the concerns some parents had about lessons on transgender identity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To tell a girl, an innocent girl, that she is a boy, is evil,” Ding said. “It’s more than wrong.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parents like Salil Joshi said his objections had nothing to do with excluding the LGBTQ community -- it’s the content matter that concerns him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At the seventh grade there is a possibility that oral and anal sex may be discussed in class, I don’t understand why that is necessary,” Joshi said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When asked about this objection to the curriculum, Anthony Prickett, a former Fremont student who has returned to support the sex ed update said, \"That is how queer people have sex.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Hate Group Involved?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A representative from \u003ca href=\"https://www.pacificjustice.org/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Pacific Justice Institute\u003c/span>\u003c/a> (PJI), which has been labeled a hate group by the \u003ca href=\"https://www.splcenter.org/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Southern Poverty Law Center\u003c/span>\u003c/a> for its anti-gay rhetoric and support of gay conversion therapy, has joined some of the school board meetings\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PJI President Brad Dacus said his group got involved when a parent reached out to them with concerns over the new curriculum. Dacus, who said PJI isn’t a hate group, told KQED that they are concerned with parental rights and freedom of speech and religion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dacus said his group was monitoring the discussion and awaiting the school board’s decision. PJI has previously weighed in on various school debates in the Bay Area: It took credit for convincing the \u003ca href=\"https://www.pacificjustice.org/press-releases/pji-convinces-school-district-to-wait-with-regard-to-sex-ed-curriculum\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Cupertino Union School District\u003c/span>\u003c/a> to hold off on their sex ed curriculum update last year. And, in Alameda County in 2009, PJI fought against anti-bullying lessons in school, lessons they refer to on their website as part of a \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\"\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.pacificjustice.org/press-releases/parents-take-a-beating-from-school-district-court-in-anti-bullying-case\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">pro-homosexual\" curriculum\u003c/span>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.schoolhealthcenters.org/healthlearning/reproductivehealth/sexual-health-education/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The ACLU of Northern California\u003c/span>\u003c/a> has been watching the sex ed debate, too, on the side supporting the new curriculum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Debates over acceptance of LGBTQ people aren’t new to Fremont -- nor are heated school board meetings. In 2010, some \u003ca href=\"https://www.eastbaytimes.com/2010/05/14/fremont-school-board-draws-ire-for-postponing-harvey-milk-day-recognition/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">parents protested\u003c/span>\u003c/a> over the creation of a Harvey Milk Day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal Jones Larisch, an 18 year old who identifies as a non-binary transgender person, has been coming to Fremont school board meetings since they were young.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I've been booed when I've gone up and talked about my identity, and I've been bullied in school because of my identity,\" Jones Larisch said. \"It is really devastating going through high school in this area.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the Harvey Milk controversy flared, they remember a sign someone held up reading: \"Milk was a pervert.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But things are getting better, Jones Larisch said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The board meetings used to be more hostile than they are right now,\" Jones Larisch said. \"Though it’s not perfect, the climate in that room has changed significantly.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>'These Are Very Curious Minds'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parent Mina Naveed said she liked the current curriculum but is worried that the new one would teach kids about more than puberty: It would teach them to have sex.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These are very curious minds,” she said. She described her daughter as always wanting to try the experiments she learns in science class at home. “So imagine they are learning about oral sex and anal sex in classrooms, and then they are going out to experiment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it is precisely because kids have curious minds that they should be taught about sex by trained professionals, said Yasi Safinya-Davies, executive director of Safe Alternatives to Violent Environments, or \u003ca href=\"http://save-dv.org/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">SAVE\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, a Fremont-based nonprofit that provides support to victims of domestic violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s not a single parent in this room who knows what it’s like to grow up and have a curiosity about your body and type that into a Google search,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All kids now live in the age of the internet, which doesn’t teach consent, but is just a click away from porn, said Safinya-Davies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her group works with a lot of young people who tell her, “We don’t have adults in our lives who are having earnest, open conversations about our relationships, about our sexuality,” she said. “We didn’t even know what consent was.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a parent, she is sympathetic with the opposition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I absolutely understand the concern that parents have around this curriculum,” she said. “Because if you didn’t grow up learning about your sexuality, and certainly not in a comprehensive way, this is all new.”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The East Bay suburb of Fremont is deeply divided over how to teach students as young as fourth grade about sex and sexuality. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1525401549,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":72,"wordCount":2541},"headData":{"title":"How Far Should Parents Dictate School Sex Ed? Debate Roils Bay Area Community | KQED","description":"The East Bay suburb of Fremont is deeply divided over how to teach students as young as fourth grade about sex and sexuality. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"11664368 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11664368","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2018/05/01/how-far-should-parents-dictate-school-sex-ed-debate-roils-bay-area-community/","disqusTitle":"How Far Should Parents Dictate School Sex Ed? Debate Roils Bay Area Community","path":"/news/11664368/how-far-should-parents-dictate-school-sex-ed-debate-roils-bay-area-community","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ci>This story has been updated with the school board vote early Thursday and to add comments\u003cem> from U.S. Rep. Ro Khanna\u003c/em>. You can listen to a version of this story on The Bay podcast. \u003c/i>\u003ca style=\"font-style: italic\" href=\"http://bit.ly/thebaykqed\">Click here to subscribe\u003c/a>\u003ci>.\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The teaching of sex ed in fourth through sixth grades has been eliminated in the city of Fremont after months of controversy over a proposed new curriculum to comply with state law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Fremont Unified School District Board of Education voted early Thursday to scrap the sex ed program for fourth through sixth graders. Controversial content included addressing the emotional aspects of sex and sexual activity; the possibility that as adults, people may have more than one sexual partner; and inclusive LGBTQ lessons, like on transgender individuals and gender fluidity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Up until the vote, sex ed had been taught in Fremont schools to fifth and sixth graders since the 1980s, and to fourth graders since 2011. The board approved the update to sex ed in seventh through ninth grades — which they were essentially required to do to comply with the California Healthy Youth Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The majority of people here wanted to have sex education for fourth, fifth and sixth grade,” said school board member Larry Sweeney, who voted against the \u003ca href=\"https://www.boarddocs.com/ca/fremont/Board.nsf/public\">new sex ed instruction\u003c/a>. \"We just couldn’t agree on the content so the consequence is now there’s no sex education for fourth, fifth and sixth grades.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hundreds of parents, along with some teachers and current and former students, have flooded four Fremont Unified school board meetings in the past two months, deeply divided over how to teach students as young as fourth grade about sex and sexuality. Amid the dispute, some opponents and supporters have lodged accusations of racism, homophobia and transphobia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This curriculum strives to combat and confront things like sexual assault and bigotry,\" said a supporter, parent Pallavi Somusetty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s too much details for them to digest,” countered Sunitha Devi Gopalan, a parent opposing the new instruction. “It’s actually going to kill their innocence, that’s what I think.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leena Yin, a Fremont schools graduate who teaches sexual health in the East Bay, had presented to the board a petition with more than 1,000 signatures from students who supported the new sex ed curriculum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The fact that what is best for the students and what the students are asking for was ignored is the most frustrating part of this whole process,” Yin said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11666223/fremont-ends-sex-ed-for-fourth-through-six-graders-after-curriculum-controversy\">Following the vote\u003c/a>, the school board said it would convene a panel of parents and experts to try to reach a consensus on a sex ed curriculum that respects the beliefs of parents and adheres to state standards for next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. congressman for the area, Rep. Ro Khanna, decried the decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The repercussions of this are drastic: the board not only voted to reject CHYA compliant education but eliminated any sexual education for children at all,\" he said in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/RoKhannaUSA/posts/1725648827481420\">post on Facebook\u003c/a>. \"Sex education is critical for the safety of individuals of all ages, and this policy will silence voices, put students in danger, and increase overall risk in our communities.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Reaching Compliance\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rolled out in 2016, the \u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2015/sex-ed-to-become-mandatory-in-grades-7-12-in-california/88248\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">California Healthy Youth Act\u003c/span>\u003c/a> set some of the most progressive sex ed requirements in the country: The curriculum includes instruction on same-sex relationships and different gender identities, with additional lessons on consent and sexual assault.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The law makes sexual education a requirement starting in seventh grade. When sex ed is taught at earlier ages, the law requires those lessons follow state guidelines. That's what Fremont Unified did when they drafted the new lesson plans for fourth through sixth grade, said Denise Herrmann, associate superintendent of instruction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we used is the document that’s published by the state of California, that’s endorsed by pediatricians and by experts on puberty health and development, to help us make those grade level placements,” Herrmann said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>School board members had appeared divided over the issue, too, with some seeming to lean toward supporting parental control and others stressing the need for comprehensive sex ed. Many of the board members expressed hope they could find a viable compromise, but as tensions had flared, that had seemed less and less likely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You are elected by us, the parents in this room, not by social justice warriors, who aggressively promote their ideological agendas,\" one parent, Tony Szu, told the school board at its April meeting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other Bay Area school districts have had challenges implementing the new law, too: Last year, the nearby Cupertino Union School District backed off of making a \u003ca href=\"https://www.refinery29.com/2017/04/148151/cupertino-school-district-sex-ed-protest\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">similar update\u003c/span>\u003c/a> to its curriculum after a debate like the one in Fremont erupted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘Very Inappropriate’? Or, ‘We Shouldn’t Turn a Blind Eye’?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11666259\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11666259\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30657_Fremont_SD-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Parents and students at a Fremont school board meeting debating sex ed on Wednesday, May 2, 2018. \u003ccite>(Sandhya Dirks/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Parents like Danny Hsu said Fremont schools had crossed a line with the new sex ed proposal. His son, who is in fifth grade, was too young for these explicit details, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some of the stuff that they talk about is, in my opinion, very, very inappropriate,” Hsu said. “In fourth grade, they are going to start talking about erections, they are going to talk about wet dreams. In fifth grade, they actually talk about if the male and female have sexual intercourse then the penis is inserted into the vagina.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though parents could opt their kids out of the course, students can find out what is being taught, said Sylvia Wong, whose daughter is in sixth grade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She told me one day, 'Mom, I know all these things already. Because kids who attended the class talk about things like, it’s so gross, that just took away my innocence,'” Wong said. “When I heard that I was really angry. Because you think that you can opt out and protect your child, and raise her up in a more traditional and conservative way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They even talk about love-making positions,” she added. “They talk about sexual intercourse, anal sex. These things, I’m even ashamed to talk about it. I’m 45 years old, I don’t want my 10-year-old girl to be involved in that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supporters of the new sex ed curriculum said talking about sex early can decrease sexual activity among young people. Pallavi Somusetty, who grew up attending Fremont public schools, said she wishes she had sex ed instruction earlier and she wants it for her children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Sex ed happened two years too late for me\" -- two years, she said, after she got her period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lessons about consent, included in the new curriculum, came far too late for her best friend, who she said was sexually abused by a South Asian Fremont man in the 1990s. Somusetty said lessons about good touch and bad touch, far from stealing her friend’s innocence, might have protected it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We shouldn't turn a blind eye to these things, just because a minority of parents, some from my own South Asian community, want to pretend that they don't exist,\" Somusetty said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Has Racism Entered the Debate?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The large majority of parents protesting the new sex ed curriculum were South Asian-American or Chinese-American. About 70 percent of students in the Fremont Unified School District are of Asian descent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the debate has grown more heated, parent Annie He said she was “starting to fear (for) my family’s safety.\" She said a post on a public forum about the sex ed instruction attacked \"third world style people\" for creating taboos about sex ed. As a Chinese immigrant, she said she felt it was a direct attack against her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I am highly educated,\" Annie He said. She thinks racism has taken over the debate, and singled out South Asian-American and Chinese-American parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parents like Annie He said they weren't opposed to sex education. But they fear this curriculum teaches kids too much, too soon. “We just want to protect our children,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘I Wish Sex Ed Was Made Available to the Parents Here’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11659026\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11659026\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/IMG_4465-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/IMG_4465-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/IMG_4465-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/IMG_4465-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/IMG_4465-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/IMG_4465-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/IMG_4465-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/IMG_4465-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/IMG_4465-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/IMG_4465-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sameer Jha and his mother, Charmaine Hussain, at the Fremont Unified School District Board meeting \u003ccite>(Sandhya Dirks/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Another key part of the debate has been including topics about the LGBTQ community -- like diverse sexual and gender identities -- in the curriculum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cadiversityconference.com/2018/norcal/bio-sameer-jha.php\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sameer Jha\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, 16, joined the board meetings with his mom to back inclusive sex ed instruction. Jha said he was bullied constantly in elementary and middle school in Fremont for being feminine and for acting and looking different. It wasn't until after he left Fremont Unified, and started to commute to a private high school in Oakland, that he could come out to his parents and friends as queer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was very scary,” he said. “Being LGBTQ plus was seen as taboo and I was the first person to come out in my local South Asian community here in Fremont.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At first, his mother said she had a hard time with his identity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We had so many fears, so many biases,\" Charmaine Hussain said. \"There’s so much stigma in our community.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now Hussain is her son’s biggest cheerleader. As a Pakistani immigrant, she said she had to learn what it meant to be queer. Before her son came out, she said, “I didn’t even know that word existed.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I wish sex ed was made available to the parents here,” she said. “I look at the sea of parents who are here in opposition because they’re so fearful of diversity and it makes me really realize how important what my son is doing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jha said one of the reasons the inclusive sex ed curriculum is so important is to have kids talk about sexuality -- queer and otherwise. He said lessons like this may have prevented his being bullied.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some parents opposed to the new curriculum said they didn’t want their kids to be taught about sexual and gender identity, while others said they didn’t want to exclude these topics but felt it was too early for their kids to learn about them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parent Taft Ding said he worried about language in the curriculum telling fourth graders they get to decide who they are -- echoing the concerns some parents had about lessons on transgender identity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To tell a girl, an innocent girl, that she is a boy, is evil,” Ding said. “It’s more than wrong.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parents like Salil Joshi said his objections had nothing to do with excluding the LGBTQ community -- it’s the content matter that concerns him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At the seventh grade there is a possibility that oral and anal sex may be discussed in class, I don’t understand why that is necessary,” Joshi said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When asked about this objection to the curriculum, Anthony Prickett, a former Fremont student who has returned to support the sex ed update said, \"That is how queer people have sex.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Hate Group Involved?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A representative from \u003ca href=\"https://www.pacificjustice.org/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Pacific Justice Institute\u003c/span>\u003c/a> (PJI), which has been labeled a hate group by the \u003ca href=\"https://www.splcenter.org/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Southern Poverty Law Center\u003c/span>\u003c/a> for its anti-gay rhetoric and support of gay conversion therapy, has joined some of the school board meetings\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PJI President Brad Dacus said his group got involved when a parent reached out to them with concerns over the new curriculum. Dacus, who said PJI isn’t a hate group, told KQED that they are concerned with parental rights and freedom of speech and religion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dacus said his group was monitoring the discussion and awaiting the school board’s decision. PJI has previously weighed in on various school debates in the Bay Area: It took credit for convincing the \u003ca href=\"https://www.pacificjustice.org/press-releases/pji-convinces-school-district-to-wait-with-regard-to-sex-ed-curriculum\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Cupertino Union School District\u003c/span>\u003c/a> to hold off on their sex ed curriculum update last year. And, in Alameda County in 2009, PJI fought against anti-bullying lessons in school, lessons they refer to on their website as part of a \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\"\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.pacificjustice.org/press-releases/parents-take-a-beating-from-school-district-court-in-anti-bullying-case\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">pro-homosexual\" curriculum\u003c/span>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.schoolhealthcenters.org/healthlearning/reproductivehealth/sexual-health-education/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The ACLU of Northern California\u003c/span>\u003c/a> has been watching the sex ed debate, too, on the side supporting the new curriculum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Debates over acceptance of LGBTQ people aren’t new to Fremont -- nor are heated school board meetings. In 2010, some \u003ca href=\"https://www.eastbaytimes.com/2010/05/14/fremont-school-board-draws-ire-for-postponing-harvey-milk-day-recognition/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">parents protested\u003c/span>\u003c/a> over the creation of a Harvey Milk Day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal Jones Larisch, an 18 year old who identifies as a non-binary transgender person, has been coming to Fremont school board meetings since they were young.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I've been booed when I've gone up and talked about my identity, and I've been bullied in school because of my identity,\" Jones Larisch said. \"It is really devastating going through high school in this area.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the Harvey Milk controversy flared, they remember a sign someone held up reading: \"Milk was a pervert.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But things are getting better, Jones Larisch said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The board meetings used to be more hostile than they are right now,\" Jones Larisch said. \"Though it’s not perfect, the climate in that room has changed significantly.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>'These Are Very Curious Minds'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parent Mina Naveed said she liked the current curriculum but is worried that the new one would teach kids about more than puberty: It would teach them to have sex.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These are very curious minds,” she said. She described her daughter as always wanting to try the experiments she learns in science class at home. “So imagine they are learning about oral sex and anal sex in classrooms, and then they are going out to experiment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it is precisely because kids have curious minds that they should be taught about sex by trained professionals, said Yasi Safinya-Davies, executive director of Safe Alternatives to Violent Environments, or \u003ca href=\"http://save-dv.org/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">SAVE\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, a Fremont-based nonprofit that provides support to victims of domestic violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s not a single parent in this room who knows what it’s like to grow up and have a curiosity about your body and type that into a Google search,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All kids now live in the age of the internet, which doesn’t teach consent, but is just a click away from porn, said Safinya-Davies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her group works with a lot of young people who tell her, “We don’t have adults in our lives who are having earnest, open conversations about our relationships, about our sexuality,” she said. “We didn’t even know what consent was.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a parent, she is sympathetic with the opposition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I absolutely understand the concern that parents have around this curriculum,” she said. “Because if you didn’t grow up learning about your sexuality, and certainly not in a comprehensive way, this is all new.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11664368/how-far-should-parents-dictate-school-sex-ed-debate-roils-bay-area-community","authors":["7239"],"programs":["news_72"],"categories":["news_18540","news_8"],"tags":["news_23078","news_66","news_20004","news_22875","news_5850","news_353"],"featImg":"news_11659027","label":"news_72"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. 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You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.","airtime":"THU 10pm, FRI 1am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Commonwealth Club of California"},"link":"/radio/program/commonwealth-club","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"}},"considerthis":{"id":"considerthis","title":"Consider This","tagline":"Make sense of the day","info":"Make sense of the day. Every weekday afternoon, Consider This helps you consider the major stories of the day in less than 15 minutes, featuring the reporting and storytelling resources of NPR. Plus, KQED’s Bianca Taylor brings you the local KQED news you need to know.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Consider-This-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"Consider This from NPR and KQED","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/considerthis","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"7"},"link":"/podcasts/considerthis","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1503226625?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/coronavirusdaily","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM1NS9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbA","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3Z6JdCS2d0eFEpXHKI6WqH"}},"forum":{"id":"forum","title":"Forum","tagline":"The conversation starts here","info":"KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal","officialWebsiteLink":"/forum","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"8"},"link":"/forum","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-forum/id73329719","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432307980/forum","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-forum-podcast","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9557381633"}},"freakonomics-radio":{"id":"freakonomics-radio","title":"Freakonomics Radio","info":"Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. 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