Trucks are Banned on Oakland's I-580. These Sixth Graders Wondered Why
Poverty and Racism Leave People More Vulnerable to Wildfire Smoke
Asthma Rates Higher in California's Historically Redlined Communities, New Study Finds
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Creepy, Crawly Climate Change
LAUSD Will Base Some School Spending on Neighborhood Shootings, Asthma Rates
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California Wheezing: Spike In Ozone Levels Causing Breathing Problems
Blacks Die From Asthma at Steep Rates, But Are Absent From Many Studies
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Murrow award for investigative reporting, a Society of Professional Journalists award for long-form storytelling, and a Carter Center Fellowship for Mental Health Journalism.\r\n\r\nDembosky reported and produced \u003cem>Soundtrack of Silence\u003c/em>, an audio documentary about music and memory that is currently being made into a feature film by Paramount Pictures.\r\n\r\nBefore joining KQED in 2013, Dembosky covered technology and Silicon Valley for \u003cem>The Financial Times of London,\u003c/em> and contributed business and arts stories to \u003cem>Marketplace \u003c/em>and \u003cem>The New York Times.\u003c/em> She got her undergraduate degree in philosophy from Smith College and her master's in journalism from the University of California, Berkeley. She is a classically trained violinist and proud alum of the first symphony orchestra at Burning Man.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ef92999be4ceb9ea60701e7dc276f813?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"adembosky","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"arts","roles":["author"]},{"site":"news","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"futureofyou","roles":["author"]},{"site":"stateofhealth","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"forum","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"April Dembosky | KQED","description":"KQED Health Correspondent","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ef92999be4ceb9ea60701e7dc276f813?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ef92999be4ceb9ea60701e7dc276f813?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/adembosky"},"markfiore":{"type":"authors","id":"3236","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"3236","found":true},"name":"Mark Fiore","firstName":"Mark","lastName":"Fiore","slug":"markfiore","email":"mark@markfiore.com","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":["news"],"title":"KQED News Cartoonist","bio":"\u003ca href=\"http://www.MarkFiore.com\">MarkFiore.com\u003c/a> | \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/markfiore\">Follow on Twitter\u003c/a> | \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/pages/Mark-Fiore-Animated-Political-Cartoons/94451707396?ref=bookmarks\">Facebook\u003c/a> | \u003ca href=\"mailto:mark@markfiore.com\">email\u003c/a>\r\n\r\nPulitzer Prize-winner, Mark Fiore, who the Wall Street Journal has called “the undisputed guru of the form,” creates animated political cartoons in San Francisco, where his work has been featured regularly on the San Francisco Chronicle’s web site, SFGate.com. His work has appeared on Newsweek.com, Slate.com, CBSNews.com, MotherJones.com, DailyKos.com and NPR’s web site. Fiore’s political animation has appeared on CNN, Frontline, Bill Moyers Journal, Salon.com and cable and broadcast outlets across the globe.\r\n\r\nBeginning his professional life by drawing traditional political cartoons for newspapers, Fiore’s work appeared in publications ranging from the Washington Post to the Los Angeles Times. In the late 1990s, he began to experiment with animating political cartoons and, after a short stint at the San Jose Mercury News as their staff cartoonist, Fiore devoted all his energies to animation.\r\nGrowing up in California, Fiore also spent a good portion of his life in the backwoods of Idaho. It was this combination that shaped him politically. Mark majored in political science at Colorado College, where, in a perfect send-off for a cartoonist, he received his diploma in 1991 as commencement speaker Dick Cheney smiled approvingly.\r\nMark Fiore was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for political cartooning in 2010, a Robert F. Kennedy Journalism Award in 2004 and has twice received an Online Journalism Award for commentary from the Online News Association (2002, 2008). Fiore has received two awards for his work in new media from the National Cartoonists Society (2001, 2002), and in 2006 received The James Madison Freedom of Information Award from The Society of Professional Journalists.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/fc4e2a612b15b67bad0c6f0e1db4ca9b?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"MarkFiore","facebook":null,"instagram":"https://www.instagram.com/markfiore/?hl=en","linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"arts","roles":["contributor"]},{"site":"news","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"futureofyou","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Mark Fiore | KQED","description":"KQED News Cartoonist","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/fc4e2a612b15b67bad0c6f0e1db4ca9b?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/fc4e2a612b15b67bad0c6f0e1db4ca9b?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/markfiore"},"lklivans":{"type":"authors","id":"8648","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"8648","found":true},"name":"Laura Klivans","firstName":"Laura","lastName":"Klivans","slug":"lklivans","email":"lklivans@kqed.org","display_author_email":true,"staff_mastheads":["news","science"],"title":"Reporter and Host","bio":"Laura Klivans is a science reporter and the host of KQED's video series about tiny, amazing animals, \u003cem>Deep Look\u003c/em>. Her work can also be heard on NPR, \u003cem>Here & Now, \u003c/em>and PRI. Before working in audio, she taught, leading groups of students abroad. One of her favorite jobs was teaching on the Thai-Burmese border, working with immigrants and refugees.\r\n\r\nLaura has won three Northern California Area Emmys along with her Deep Look colleagues. She's won the North Gate Award for Excellence in Audio Reporting and the Gobind Behari Lal Award for a radio documentary about adults with imaginary friends. She's a fellowship junkie, completing the USC Center for Health Journalism's California Fellowship, UC Berkeley's Human Rights Fellowship and the Coro Fellowship in Public Affairs. Laura has a master’s in journalism from UC Berkeley and a master’s in education from Harvard.\r\n\r\nShe likes to eat chocolate for breakfast. She's also open to eating it all day long.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/af8e757bb8ce7b7fee6160ba66e37327?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"lauraklivans","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"news","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"stateofhealth","roles":["contributor","editor"]},{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"forum","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Laura Klivans | KQED","description":"Reporter and Host","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/af8e757bb8ce7b7fee6160ba66e37327?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/af8e757bb8ce7b7fee6160ba66e37327?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/lklivans"},"lesleymcclurg":{"type":"authors","id":"11229","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"11229","found":true},"name":"Lesley McClurg","firstName":"Lesley","lastName":"McClurg","slug":"lesleymcclurg","email":"lmcclurg@KQED.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":["news","science"],"title":"KQED Health Correspondent","bio":"Lesley McClurg is a health correspondent and fill-in host. Her work is regularly rebroadcast on numerous NPR and PBS shows. She has won several regional Emmy awards, a regional and a national Edward R. Murrow award. The Association for Health Journalists awarded Lesley best beat coverage. The Society of Professional Journalists has recognized her reporting several times. The Society of Environmental Journalists spotlighted her ongoing coverage of California's historic drought. Before joining KQED in 2016, she covered food and sustainability for Capital Public Radio, the environment for Colorado Public Radio, and reported for both KUOW and KCTS9 in Seattle. When not hunched over her laptop Lesley enjoys skiing with her daughter, cycling with her partner or scheming their next globetrotting adventure. Before motherhood she relished dancing tango till sunrise. When on deadline she fuels herself almost exclusively on chocolate chips.\r\n\r\n ","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/3fb78e873af3312f34d0bc1d60a07c7f?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"lesleywmcclurg","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"arts","roles":["author"]},{"site":"news","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"futureofyou","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"stateofhealth","roles":["author"]},{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"forum","roles":["author"]}],"headData":{"title":"Lesley McClurg | KQED","description":"KQED Health Correspondent","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/3fb78e873af3312f34d0bc1d60a07c7f?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/3fb78e873af3312f34d0bc1d60a07c7f?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/lesleymcclurg"},"mbeagle":{"type":"authors","id":"11273","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"11273","found":true},"name":"Matt Beagle","firstName":"Matt","lastName":"Beagle","slug":"mbeagle","email":"mbeagle@KQED.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Matt Beagle is a freelance radio producer and reporter for KQED News. He’s also a reporter and editor for online publications, Oakland North and Richmond confidential and the creator of several podcasts including, \u003c/span>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tales of Two Cities\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, \u003c/span>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Matt and Aaron Make a Podcast\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and \u003c/span>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Joke\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. An Oakland native, Matt got his start in radio as an intern with The Kitchen Sisters. Previously, he performed stand up comedy throughout the Bay Area.\u003c/span>","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/cd65b00dfa74f15b1b363dab47089243?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"arts","roles":["author"]},{"site":"news","roles":["contributor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Matt Beagle | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/cd65b00dfa74f15b1b363dab47089243?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/cd65b00dfa74f15b1b363dab47089243?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/mbeagle"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"news","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"news_11879641":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11879641","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11879641","score":null,"sort":[1625133640000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"trucks-are-banned-on-oaklands-i-580-these-sixth-graders-wondered-why","title":"Trucks are Banned on Oakland's I-580. These Sixth Graders Wondered Why","publishDate":1625133640,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Trucks are Banned on Oakland’s I-580. These Sixth Graders Wondered Why | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>A handful of kids sit in teacher Patrick Messac’s sixth grade classroom at \u003ca href=\"https://lifeacademyoak.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Life Academy of Health and Bioscience\u003c/a> in East Oakland. They’re surrounded by colorful wall displays of human anatomy, moon cycles, and books categorized by scientific topics. Then there are the signs of the pandemic: one kid at each table, each distanced from their neighbors, air filters and stacks of unused chairs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriouspodcastinfo]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The chairs are for the rest of the class, who are at home, zooming into the discussion instead. While this makes the conversation stop-and-go, the students are focused. They’re talking about air pollution, and it’s personal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It just hurts to know that our community is slowly dying because of this air pollution,” says student Jasmine Orejudos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Orejudos and her classmates live in East Oakland, a region traversed by the Interstate 880 highway. The freeway is heavily used by large trucks, bringing goods from the Port of Oakland to the rest of California and the country. The majority of those trucks are powered by diesel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11879651\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11879651\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Messac-class-1920.jpg\" alt=\"Sixth grade teacher Patrick Messac teaches a science class at Life Academy of Health and Bioscience in East Oakland. Students are studying the health impacts of air pollution and asking questions about their own exposure.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Messac-class-1920.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Messac-class-1920-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Messac-class-1920-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Messac-class-1920-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Messac-class-1920-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sixth grade teacher Patrick Messac teaches a science class at Life Academy of Health and Bioscience in East Oakland. Students are studying the health impacts of air pollution and asking questions about their own exposure. \u003ccite>(Laura Klivans/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Most of students at Life Academy are Latino, and studies show communities where Black and Latino people live are overburdened with pollution. Students have been making connections between the dirty air they breathe and some of the poor health they experience.\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Me and my granny both have asthma and sometimes we can’t even go outside to enjoy ourselves because of the diesel-burning trucks,” said student Rodney Moten.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While many factors \u003ca href=\"https://www.aafa.org/asthma-triggers-causes/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">can cause and exacerbate asthma\u003c/a>, diesel exhaust is one of them. Residents of East and West Oakland have the \u003ca href=\"https://acphd-web-media.s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/media/data-reports/city-county-regional/docs/maps2016.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">highest asthma hospitalization rates in Alameda County,\u003c/a> which health experts say is worsened by breathing diesel pollution wafting down from the highway and over from the nearby Port of Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the class studied air quality issues, they came across a state law that seemed odd to them. For 70 years, large trucks have been banned on a stretch of the Interstate 580 freeway that runs along the base of the East Bay Hills in Oakland and San Leandro. As a result, large trucks nearly exclusively drive through — and pollute — neighborhoods in Oakland’s flatlands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11879652\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11879652\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Messac-w-student-1920.jpg\" alt=\"Sixth grade science teacher Patrick Messac helps a student with his microscope.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Messac-w-student-1920.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Messac-w-student-1920-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Messac-w-student-1920-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Messac-w-student-1920-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Messac-w-student-1920-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sixth grade science teacher Patrick Messac helps a student with his microscope at Life Academy of Health and Bioscience in East Oakland. \u003ccite>(Laura Klivans/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This realization got students like Belinda Castro wondering: “Why are large polluting trucks banned on I-580, the highway that runs through the Oakland hills, but not the 880, the highway that runs through my neighborhood?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The students aren’t the only ones questioning this decades-old ban. Alameda County Supervisor Nate Miley, who supported the ban in 1999 when he was on the Oakland City Council, said he’s changed his thinking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Knowing what I know now, I would make a different decision to try to phase it out,” Miley said. “We need to take steps to phase that ban out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Miley was quick to add that he wants to improve air quality along I-880, but not at the expense of reducing air quality along I-580.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oakland City Councilmember Rebecca Kaplan called the ban “a troubling example of environmental racism.” Kaplan said the state law “should be reconsidered.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Leandro City Councilmember Fred Simon supports lifting the ban as well. He plans to reach out to local elected leaders and agencies “to build a coalition to overturn the 580 truck ban through state legislative efforts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But changing the law will take more than statements to the press. Others have tried, and failed, to lift the ban in its 70-year history. To actually get it done would require support from Oakland, San Leandro and state government.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The Ban Goes All the Way Back to the 1950s\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Oakland is sandwiched between hills to the east and the San Francisco Bay to the west.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I-880 traverses the flatlands and I-580 largely hugs the hills,” said \u003ca href=\"https://www.brown.edu/academics/history/people/robert-self\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Robert Self\u003c/a>, a history professor at Brown University. His book \u003ca href=\"https://press.princeton.edu/books/paperback/9780691124865/american-babylon\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cem>American Babylon: Race and the Struggle for Postwar Oakland\u003c/em>\u003c/a> is about the fight for civil rights after World War II. “This has been historically a representation of the class and to some extent racial divide in the East Bay,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriouspodcastinfo]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hills were middle and upper middle class, and the flatlands were working class.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The truck ban on 580 \u003ca href=\"https://www.newspapers.com/clip/80150442/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">dates back to 1951\u003c/a>, before the road was even a highway. Then it was called MacArthur Boulevard and Oakland’s City Council wanted to keep it free from truck traffic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“MacArthur Boulevard was what you might call the heart of middle class white Oakland in those years,” Self said. “It was a neighborhood whose opinions about the world had the ear of city hall.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And a neighborhood that didn’t have heavy industry like the flatlands. The trucks were re-routed onto the already-constructed 880 highway (then State Route 17).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The city, at the time, certainly did not believe that [flatland] neighborhoods mattered in the same way that the hill neighborhoods mattered,” Self said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The Road Evolves, But the Ban Remains\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>When MacArthur Boulevard became a highway in the early 1960s, the City of Oakland \u003ca href=\"https://s3.documentcloud.org/documents/20972147/6789-cms-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">continued the ban\u003c/a> on a roughly nine mile stretch of highway without significant debate. It applied to vehicles weighing more than 9,000 pounds, like big rigs, but not smaller trucks like those delivering packages on residential streets. The ban also excluded buses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11879658\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1484px\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.newspapers.com/clip/80173555/oakland-tribune/\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11879658\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Truck-ban-clipping.png\" alt=\"Oakland Tribune article from November 14, 1967\" width=\"1484\" height=\"1298\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Truck-ban-clipping.png 1484w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Truck-ban-clipping-800x700.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Truck-ban-clipping-1020x892.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Truck-ban-clipping-160x140.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1484px) 100vw, 1484px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Oakland Tribune article from November 14, 1967 on the truck ban controversy. \u003ccite>(Newspapers.com)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In 1967, the ban was up for renewal, this time sparking a more intense deliberation. The possibility that trucks could barrel down both East Bay highways made people irate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several \u003ca href=\"https://www.newspapers.com/clip/80173555/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">news articles\u003c/a> in the Oakland Tribune outlined the \u003ca href=\"https://www.newspapers.com/clip/80175750/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">controversy\u003c/a>. Those wanting to continue the ban to keep heavy-duty trucks off 580 were led by Oakland’s then-mayor John Reading, and known as “Citizens Against Trucks on MacArthur Freeway.” They argued the area around the highway was far more residential, had more schools and hospitals, and that the road itself was curvier and hillier than 880.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the loudest voices on the other side was Richard Zeller of the California Trucking Association. He argued that taxes on trucks partially funded the freeway. He also brought up equity, saying the ban was “discriminatory against the people who live near the Nimitz Freeway [ I-880 ] or must use it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11879659\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.newspapers.com/clip/80175750/oakland-tribune/#\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11879659\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/MacArthur-clip.jpg\" alt=\"Oakland tribune article from July 4, 1967\" width=\"800\" height=\"1821\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/MacArthur-clip.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/MacArthur-clip-160x364.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/MacArthur-clip-675x1536.jpg 675w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Oakland tribune article from July 4, 1967 discussing the truck ban on 580. \u003ccite>(Newspapers.com)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>He continued, “Are the senses of those living along the MacArthur Freeway more acute than those living along all the other freeways in the state? Are the schools and hospitals more valuable?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Department of Transportation, Caltrans, \u003ca href=\"https://dot.ca.gov/programs/traffic-operations/legal-truck-access/restrict-route-580\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">studied the issue\u003c/a> in 1967 to verify that trucks could travel an alternate route instead of 580. The study looked at traffic, not impacts on health or quality of life. According to their website, the department concluded that “there was no strong evidence either to retain or to terminate the truck ban.” Caltrans recommended the ban be extended indefinitely, but with periodic reviews of “operations of the alternate routes, 238 and 880.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those reviews happened just a few times, with none occurring after 1972.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The 1990s: Asking ‘A Simple Question’\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In 1999, Robert Ramorino, head of Roadstar Trucking, asked what he called “a simple question.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“How come my trucks are banned on this stretch of 580?” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ramorino would later go on to become the president of the California Trucking Association. Like his predecessor, he found the ban insulting. He was paying federal highway use taxes for his trucks, which were not allowed to go on the highway running near his business. If heavy trucks were allowed on 580 it would be convenient for both his company and freight movement in general, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ramorino said he and the California Trucking Association asked Caltrans to study lifting the ban on trucks on the 580 freeway. And according to their website, Caltrans officials said if they found good reasons to lift the ban — and the City of Oakland was onboard — they would recommend opening the freeway to trucks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That study never happened though. Residents living along 580 worried studying the issue would open the door to lifting the ban, so they put pressure on their representatives to stop the study before it started. And the Oakland City Council passed a resolution affirming they wanted to continue the ban.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We thought keeping trucks off of 580 was a good thing based on traffic safety. I don’t think we were really thinking a lot about air quality at the time,” said Miley, the Alameda County supervisor, who was on the Oakland City Council in 1999.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State legislators also wanted to stop the study and continue the ban.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was getting dozens and dozens of calls from angry neighbors who wanted to know why this was happening,” said former Assemblymember Ellen Corbett, whose district included Alameda, San Leandro and much of Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Corbett was a newly-elected state assemblymember at the time. She held a meeting for constituents and Caltrans representatives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We ended up with hundreds of people. In fact, there were so many people that came to the meeting, there was overflow out into the parking lot,” Corbett said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said residents were worried about noise and road safety. Corbett said her research about the I-580 showed it wasn’t made for trucks, which Caltrans refuted: “the freeway was designed to be safe for all vehicular traffic.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beyond this, however, Corbett says her constituents felt that if Oakland and San Leandro lifted the ban, they would be breaking a promise made to residents decades ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People were actually displaced and homes were taken from people,” she said. “There was a commitment made that trucks would not be on that freeway because these neighborhoods had been destroyed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Building freeways through established neighborhoods was \u003ca href=\"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3539889\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">commonplace by that time\u003c/a>. It often happened to communities of color, who didn’t have the political clout to extract promises like a ban on trucks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Corbett said she did not hear from any of her constituents who lived or worked along the I-880 freeway. She wrote a bill to make the ban permanent. It was signed into law in 2000 by California Governor Gray Davis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A large truck ban on an interstate is exceedingly rare, and the I-580 highway ban is the only one of its kind meant to assuage the concerns of local residents. According to the Federal Highway Authority, there are only nine such bans nationwide. Seven of those bans are due to construction or structural engineering constraints. One ban — on the Theodore Roosevelt Memorial Bridge in D.C. — was \u003ca href=\"https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/highwayhistory/dcrevolt/part01.pdf\">ordered by President Eisenhower to keep trucks away from the Lincoln Memorial\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Considering the Truck Ban from a Health Perspective\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Residents living along the I-880 corridor in East Oakland experience some of the \u003ca href=\"https://acphd-web-media.s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/media/data-reports/city-county-regional/docs/maps2016.pdf\">highest rates of asthma hospitalizations in Alameda County\u003c/a>, according to the Alameda County Public Health Department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Life Academy sixth graders learned one of the factors contributing to asthma is polluted air: The tiny particles in diesel exhaust are some of the most dangerous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We may not see this bad air, but we can breathe it,” said student Abrianna Meza. “These diesel trucks burn fuel that causes \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2013-12/documents/black-carbon-fact-sheet_0.pdf\">black carbon\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriouspodcastinfo]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Phil Martien, of the Bay Area Air Quality Management District, agreed. “Those particles are small enough to get deep into lungs and in some cases even pass through the lung barrier to get into the bloodstream.” In Martien’s role as director of the Assessment, Inventory, & Modeling Division, he reviews how air pollution is distributed in the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said diesel particles, and the chemicals attached to them, can lead to heart attacks, lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a group of diseases that make it hard to breathe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Young people are particularly vulnerable because their lungs are still developing,” Martien said. “There’s actually been \u003ca href=\"https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(07)60037-3/fulltext\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">studies\u003c/a> where they’ve looked at young lungs of children who live near freeways and their lungs don’t ever fully develop,” as compared to kids living farther from busy freeways. Martien says living by freeways can also \u003ca href=\"https://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/doi/full/10.1289/ehp.0901232\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">cause asthma\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11879605\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1772px\">\u003ca href=\"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.est.7b00891\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11879605 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Screen-Shot-2021-06-24-at-3.32.37-PM-1.png\" alt=\"Levels of black carbon (BC), nitric oxide (NO), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in neighborhoods along Interstate 580 (purple) and Interstate 880 (red). Large trucks are not permitted on a section of I-580.\" width=\"1772\" height=\"1296\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Screen-Shot-2021-06-24-at-3.32.37-PM-1.png 1772w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Screen-Shot-2021-06-24-at-3.32.37-PM-1-800x585.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Screen-Shot-2021-06-24-at-3.32.37-PM-1-1020x746.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Screen-Shot-2021-06-24-at-3.32.37-PM-1-160x117.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Screen-Shot-2021-06-24-at-3.32.37-PM-1-1536x1123.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1772px) 100vw, 1772px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Levels of black carbon (BC), nitric oxide (NO), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in neighborhoods along Interstate 580 (purple) and Interstate 880 (red). Large trucks are not permitted on a section of I-580. \u003ccite>(Image Courtesy Environmental Defense Fund)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.est.7b00891\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">collaborative project\u003c/a> by the \u003ca href=\"https://www.edf.org/airqualitymaps/oakland/tale-two-freeways\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Environmental Defense Fund,\u003c/a> a technology company \u003ca href=\"https://www.aclima.io/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Aclima\u003c/a>, Google Street View and The University of Texas at Austin found that concentrations of harmful pollutants from diesel exhaust were significantly higher in neighborhoods along 880 than those along 580. Black carbon concentrations were roughly 80% higher, nitrogen dioxide concentrations were 60% higher, and nitric oxide were more than double.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What a Truck Ban Means for Equity\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Historian Robert Self said what’s happened with the 580 truck ban is the definition of structural racism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People can make decisions that don’t on their face, seem as if they’re motivated by racial animosity but have profound downstream racial effects,” Self said. “Any individual person can make a decision within that system that appears entirely neutral, and yet it’s got massive racial impacts and effects.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Angela Scott, an East Oakland community organizer with the environmental justice group \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbecal.org/\">Communities for a Better Environment\u003c/a>, agreed. She said she’s talked with people across East Oakland about whether they’d want to push back on the 580 truck ban.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Folks said, ‘We don’t want to put that on anybody else because it’s horrible,'” Scott said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Scott thinks if East Oakland residents don’t push back against policies like this one it hides the problem. Truck emissions are just one example of the outsized pollution burden her community bears, she said. She thinks it’s time for change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have to go beyond, ‘Oh, that was maybe a bad decision,'” Scott said. “How do we undo all those bad decisions with all the things that we know now? How do we fix it so that people are sharing burdens? That’s solidarity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"tiktok-embed\" style=\"max-width: 605px; min-width: 325px;\" cite=\"https://www.tiktok.com/@kqedofficial/video/6987554195729583365\" data-video-id=\"6987554195729583365\">\n\u003csection>\u003ca title=\"@kqedofficial\" href=\"https://www.tiktok.com/@kqedofficial\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">@kqedofficial\u003c/a>We explain how a truck policy affects POC in East and West parts of Oakland. \u003ca title=\"racismawareness\" href=\"https://www.tiktok.com/tag/racismawareness\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">#racismawareness\u003c/a> \u003ca title=\"oaklandca\" href=\"https://www.tiktok.com/tag/oaklandca\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">#oaklandca\u003c/a> \u003ca title=\"socialjustice\" href=\"https://www.tiktok.com/tag/socialjustice\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">#socialjustice\u003c/a> \u003ca title=\"environmental\" href=\"https://www.tiktok.com/tag/environmental\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">#environmental\u003c/a> \u003ca title=\"fyp\" href=\"https://www.tiktok.com/tag/fyp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">#fyp\u003c/a> \u003ca title=\"bayarea\" href=\"https://www.tiktok.com/tag/bayarea\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">#bayarea\u003c/a>\u003ca title=\"♬ original sound - kqed\" href=\"https://www.tiktok.com/music/original-sound-6987558479233846022\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">♬ original sound – kqed\u003c/a>\n\u003c/section>\n\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>[tiktok]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What Happens Now\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The sixth grade students at Life Academy have plenty of ideas to improve air quality along their highway, from electrifying trucks to planting more trees in the community, to distributing free air purifiers to people living in heavily polluted areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State officials have some of the same ideas. Last summer, the California Air Resources Board announced a rule \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/news/california-takes-bold-step-reduce-truck-pollution#:~:text=SACRAMENTO%20%E2%80%93%20Today%2C%20the%20California%20Air,California%20will%20be%20zero%2Demission.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">requiring truck manufacturers to transition from diesel to electric\u003c/a> starting in 2024. These regulations say by 2045 every new truck sold in California will be zero-emission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Angela Scott, of Communities for a Better Environment, wants to take things further.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Lift that ban,” she said. “I know people are not going to like it, but it’s such a racist policy. Lift the ban!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Students are pushing for one more thing, something community advocates have been demanding for decades: a study of the ban’s health effects. And there has been some movement on that front. Bay Area air district officials said in an email to KQED they are committed to studying health impacts of the 580 truck ban, “probably in the 2022-2023 time frame.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousquestion]\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A 70-year-old ban on large trucks on Interstate 580 pushes diesel-burning vehicles, and their pollution, to Interstate 880. Students living along the 880 corridor want their elected officials to do something about it.\r\n","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1700588212,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":true,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":70,"wordCount":2742},"headData":{"title":"Trucks are Banned on Oakland's I-580. These Sixth Graders Wondered Why | KQED","description":"A 70-year-old ban on large trucks on Interstate 580 pushes diesel-burning vehicles, and their pollution, to Interstate 880. Students living along the 880 corridor want their elected officials to do something about it.\r\n","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Trucks are Banned on Oakland's I-580. These Sixth Graders Wondered Why","datePublished":"2021-07-01T10:00:40.000Z","dateModified":"2023-11-21T17:36:52.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"source":"Bay Curious","sourceUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/podcasts/baycurious","audioUrl":"https://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3/traffic.megaphone.fm/KQINC2073319975.mp3?updated=1625087259","subhead":"A Ban Pushes Large Trucks through East Bay Flatlands, Causing Harmful Air Pollution","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","path":"/news/11879641/trucks-are-banned-on-oaklands-i-580-these-sixth-graders-wondered-why","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A handful of kids sit in teacher Patrick Messac’s sixth grade classroom at \u003ca href=\"https://lifeacademyoak.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Life Academy of Health and Bioscience\u003c/a> in East Oakland. They’re surrounded by colorful wall displays of human anatomy, moon cycles, and books categorized by scientific topics. Then there are the signs of the pandemic: one kid at each table, each distanced from their neighbors, air filters and stacks of unused chairs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" />\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\n Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>,\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast platform.\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The chairs are for the rest of the class, who are at home, zooming into the discussion instead. While this makes the conversation stop-and-go, the students are focused. They’re talking about air pollution, and it’s personal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It just hurts to know that our community is slowly dying because of this air pollution,” says student Jasmine Orejudos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Orejudos and her classmates live in East Oakland, a region traversed by the Interstate 880 highway. The freeway is heavily used by large trucks, bringing goods from the Port of Oakland to the rest of California and the country. The majority of those trucks are powered by diesel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11879651\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11879651\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Messac-class-1920.jpg\" alt=\"Sixth grade teacher Patrick Messac teaches a science class at Life Academy of Health and Bioscience in East Oakland. Students are studying the health impacts of air pollution and asking questions about their own exposure.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Messac-class-1920.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Messac-class-1920-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Messac-class-1920-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Messac-class-1920-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Messac-class-1920-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sixth grade teacher Patrick Messac teaches a science class at Life Academy of Health and Bioscience in East Oakland. Students are studying the health impacts of air pollution and asking questions about their own exposure. \u003ccite>(Laura Klivans/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Most of students at Life Academy are Latino, and studies show communities where Black and Latino people live are overburdened with pollution. Students have been making connections between the dirty air they breathe and some of the poor health they experience.\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Me and my granny both have asthma and sometimes we can’t even go outside to enjoy ourselves because of the diesel-burning trucks,” said student Rodney Moten.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While many factors \u003ca href=\"https://www.aafa.org/asthma-triggers-causes/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">can cause and exacerbate asthma\u003c/a>, diesel exhaust is one of them. Residents of East and West Oakland have the \u003ca href=\"https://acphd-web-media.s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/media/data-reports/city-county-regional/docs/maps2016.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">highest asthma hospitalization rates in Alameda County,\u003c/a> which health experts say is worsened by breathing diesel pollution wafting down from the highway and over from the nearby Port of Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the class studied air quality issues, they came across a state law that seemed odd to them. For 70 years, large trucks have been banned on a stretch of the Interstate 580 freeway that runs along the base of the East Bay Hills in Oakland and San Leandro. As a result, large trucks nearly exclusively drive through — and pollute — neighborhoods in Oakland’s flatlands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11879652\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11879652\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Messac-w-student-1920.jpg\" alt=\"Sixth grade science teacher Patrick Messac helps a student with his microscope.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Messac-w-student-1920.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Messac-w-student-1920-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Messac-w-student-1920-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Messac-w-student-1920-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Messac-w-student-1920-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sixth grade science teacher Patrick Messac helps a student with his microscope at Life Academy of Health and Bioscience in East Oakland. \u003ccite>(Laura Klivans/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This realization got students like Belinda Castro wondering: “Why are large polluting trucks banned on I-580, the highway that runs through the Oakland hills, but not the 880, the highway that runs through my neighborhood?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The students aren’t the only ones questioning this decades-old ban. Alameda County Supervisor Nate Miley, who supported the ban in 1999 when he was on the Oakland City Council, said he’s changed his thinking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Knowing what I know now, I would make a different decision to try to phase it out,” Miley said. “We need to take steps to phase that ban out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Miley was quick to add that he wants to improve air quality along I-880, but not at the expense of reducing air quality along I-580.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oakland City Councilmember Rebecca Kaplan called the ban “a troubling example of environmental racism.” Kaplan said the state law “should be reconsidered.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Leandro City Councilmember Fred Simon supports lifting the ban as well. He plans to reach out to local elected leaders and agencies “to build a coalition to overturn the 580 truck ban through state legislative efforts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But changing the law will take more than statements to the press. Others have tried, and failed, to lift the ban in its 70-year history. To actually get it done would require support from Oakland, San Leandro and state government.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The Ban Goes All the Way Back to the 1950s\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Oakland is sandwiched between hills to the east and the San Francisco Bay to the west.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I-880 traverses the flatlands and I-580 largely hugs the hills,” said \u003ca href=\"https://www.brown.edu/academics/history/people/robert-self\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Robert Self\u003c/a>, a history professor at Brown University. His book \u003ca href=\"https://press.princeton.edu/books/paperback/9780691124865/american-babylon\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cem>American Babylon: Race and the Struggle for Postwar Oakland\u003c/em>\u003c/a> is about the fight for civil rights after World War II. “This has been historically a representation of the class and to some extent racial divide in the East Bay,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" />\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\n Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>,\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast platform.\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hills were middle and upper middle class, and the flatlands were working class.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The truck ban on 580 \u003ca href=\"https://www.newspapers.com/clip/80150442/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">dates back to 1951\u003c/a>, before the road was even a highway. Then it was called MacArthur Boulevard and Oakland’s City Council wanted to keep it free from truck traffic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“MacArthur Boulevard was what you might call the heart of middle class white Oakland in those years,” Self said. “It was a neighborhood whose opinions about the world had the ear of city hall.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And a neighborhood that didn’t have heavy industry like the flatlands. The trucks were re-routed onto the already-constructed 880 highway (then State Route 17).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The city, at the time, certainly did not believe that [flatland] neighborhoods mattered in the same way that the hill neighborhoods mattered,” Self said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The Road Evolves, But the Ban Remains\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>When MacArthur Boulevard became a highway in the early 1960s, the City of Oakland \u003ca href=\"https://s3.documentcloud.org/documents/20972147/6789-cms-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">continued the ban\u003c/a> on a roughly nine mile stretch of highway without significant debate. It applied to vehicles weighing more than 9,000 pounds, like big rigs, but not smaller trucks like those delivering packages on residential streets. The ban also excluded buses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11879658\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1484px\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.newspapers.com/clip/80173555/oakland-tribune/\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11879658\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Truck-ban-clipping.png\" alt=\"Oakland Tribune article from November 14, 1967\" width=\"1484\" height=\"1298\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Truck-ban-clipping.png 1484w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Truck-ban-clipping-800x700.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Truck-ban-clipping-1020x892.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Truck-ban-clipping-160x140.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1484px) 100vw, 1484px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Oakland Tribune article from November 14, 1967 on the truck ban controversy. \u003ccite>(Newspapers.com)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In 1967, the ban was up for renewal, this time sparking a more intense deliberation. The possibility that trucks could barrel down both East Bay highways made people irate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several \u003ca href=\"https://www.newspapers.com/clip/80173555/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">news articles\u003c/a> in the Oakland Tribune outlined the \u003ca href=\"https://www.newspapers.com/clip/80175750/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">controversy\u003c/a>. Those wanting to continue the ban to keep heavy-duty trucks off 580 were led by Oakland’s then-mayor John Reading, and known as “Citizens Against Trucks on MacArthur Freeway.” They argued the area around the highway was far more residential, had more schools and hospitals, and that the road itself was curvier and hillier than 880.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the loudest voices on the other side was Richard Zeller of the California Trucking Association. He argued that taxes on trucks partially funded the freeway. He also brought up equity, saying the ban was “discriminatory against the people who live near the Nimitz Freeway [ I-880 ] or must use it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11879659\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.newspapers.com/clip/80175750/oakland-tribune/#\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11879659\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/MacArthur-clip.jpg\" alt=\"Oakland tribune article from July 4, 1967\" width=\"800\" height=\"1821\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/MacArthur-clip.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/MacArthur-clip-160x364.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/MacArthur-clip-675x1536.jpg 675w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Oakland tribune article from July 4, 1967 discussing the truck ban on 580. \u003ccite>(Newspapers.com)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>He continued, “Are the senses of those living along the MacArthur Freeway more acute than those living along all the other freeways in the state? Are the schools and hospitals more valuable?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Department of Transportation, Caltrans, \u003ca href=\"https://dot.ca.gov/programs/traffic-operations/legal-truck-access/restrict-route-580\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">studied the issue\u003c/a> in 1967 to verify that trucks could travel an alternate route instead of 580. The study looked at traffic, not impacts on health or quality of life. According to their website, the department concluded that “there was no strong evidence either to retain or to terminate the truck ban.” Caltrans recommended the ban be extended indefinitely, but with periodic reviews of “operations of the alternate routes, 238 and 880.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those reviews happened just a few times, with none occurring after 1972.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The 1990s: Asking ‘A Simple Question’\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In 1999, Robert Ramorino, head of Roadstar Trucking, asked what he called “a simple question.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“How come my trucks are banned on this stretch of 580?” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ramorino would later go on to become the president of the California Trucking Association. Like his predecessor, he found the ban insulting. He was paying federal highway use taxes for his trucks, which were not allowed to go on the highway running near his business. If heavy trucks were allowed on 580 it would be convenient for both his company and freight movement in general, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ramorino said he and the California Trucking Association asked Caltrans to study lifting the ban on trucks on the 580 freeway. And according to their website, Caltrans officials said if they found good reasons to lift the ban — and the City of Oakland was onboard — they would recommend opening the freeway to trucks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That study never happened though. Residents living along 580 worried studying the issue would open the door to lifting the ban, so they put pressure on their representatives to stop the study before it started. And the Oakland City Council passed a resolution affirming they wanted to continue the ban.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We thought keeping trucks off of 580 was a good thing based on traffic safety. I don’t think we were really thinking a lot about air quality at the time,” said Miley, the Alameda County supervisor, who was on the Oakland City Council in 1999.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State legislators also wanted to stop the study and continue the ban.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was getting dozens and dozens of calls from angry neighbors who wanted to know why this was happening,” said former Assemblymember Ellen Corbett, whose district included Alameda, San Leandro and much of Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Corbett was a newly-elected state assemblymember at the time. She held a meeting for constituents and Caltrans representatives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We ended up with hundreds of people. In fact, there were so many people that came to the meeting, there was overflow out into the parking lot,” Corbett said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said residents were worried about noise and road safety. Corbett said her research about the I-580 showed it wasn’t made for trucks, which Caltrans refuted: “the freeway was designed to be safe for all vehicular traffic.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beyond this, however, Corbett says her constituents felt that if Oakland and San Leandro lifted the ban, they would be breaking a promise made to residents decades ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People were actually displaced and homes were taken from people,” she said. “There was a commitment made that trucks would not be on that freeway because these neighborhoods had been destroyed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Building freeways through established neighborhoods was \u003ca href=\"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3539889\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">commonplace by that time\u003c/a>. It often happened to communities of color, who didn’t have the political clout to extract promises like a ban on trucks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Corbett said she did not hear from any of her constituents who lived or worked along the I-880 freeway. She wrote a bill to make the ban permanent. It was signed into law in 2000 by California Governor Gray Davis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A large truck ban on an interstate is exceedingly rare, and the I-580 highway ban is the only one of its kind meant to assuage the concerns of local residents. According to the Federal Highway Authority, there are only nine such bans nationwide. Seven of those bans are due to construction or structural engineering constraints. One ban — on the Theodore Roosevelt Memorial Bridge in D.C. — was \u003ca href=\"https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/highwayhistory/dcrevolt/part01.pdf\">ordered by President Eisenhower to keep trucks away from the Lincoln Memorial\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Considering the Truck Ban from a Health Perspective\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Residents living along the I-880 corridor in East Oakland experience some of the \u003ca href=\"https://acphd-web-media.s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/media/data-reports/city-county-regional/docs/maps2016.pdf\">highest rates of asthma hospitalizations in Alameda County\u003c/a>, according to the Alameda County Public Health Department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Life Academy sixth graders learned one of the factors contributing to asthma is polluted air: The tiny particles in diesel exhaust are some of the most dangerous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We may not see this bad air, but we can breathe it,” said student Abrianna Meza. “These diesel trucks burn fuel that causes \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2013-12/documents/black-carbon-fact-sheet_0.pdf\">black carbon\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" />\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\n Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>,\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast platform.\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Phil Martien, of the Bay Area Air Quality Management District, agreed. “Those particles are small enough to get deep into lungs and in some cases even pass through the lung barrier to get into the bloodstream.” In Martien’s role as director of the Assessment, Inventory, & Modeling Division, he reviews how air pollution is distributed in the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said diesel particles, and the chemicals attached to them, can lead to heart attacks, lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a group of diseases that make it hard to breathe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Young people are particularly vulnerable because their lungs are still developing,” Martien said. “There’s actually been \u003ca href=\"https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(07)60037-3/fulltext\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">studies\u003c/a> where they’ve looked at young lungs of children who live near freeways and their lungs don’t ever fully develop,” as compared to kids living farther from busy freeways. Martien says living by freeways can also \u003ca href=\"https://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/doi/full/10.1289/ehp.0901232\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">cause asthma\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11879605\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1772px\">\u003ca href=\"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.est.7b00891\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11879605 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Screen-Shot-2021-06-24-at-3.32.37-PM-1.png\" alt=\"Levels of black carbon (BC), nitric oxide (NO), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in neighborhoods along Interstate 580 (purple) and Interstate 880 (red). Large trucks are not permitted on a section of I-580.\" width=\"1772\" height=\"1296\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Screen-Shot-2021-06-24-at-3.32.37-PM-1.png 1772w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Screen-Shot-2021-06-24-at-3.32.37-PM-1-800x585.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Screen-Shot-2021-06-24-at-3.32.37-PM-1-1020x746.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Screen-Shot-2021-06-24-at-3.32.37-PM-1-160x117.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Screen-Shot-2021-06-24-at-3.32.37-PM-1-1536x1123.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1772px) 100vw, 1772px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Levels of black carbon (BC), nitric oxide (NO), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in neighborhoods along Interstate 580 (purple) and Interstate 880 (red). Large trucks are not permitted on a section of I-580. \u003ccite>(Image Courtesy Environmental Defense Fund)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.est.7b00891\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">collaborative project\u003c/a> by the \u003ca href=\"https://www.edf.org/airqualitymaps/oakland/tale-two-freeways\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Environmental Defense Fund,\u003c/a> a technology company \u003ca href=\"https://www.aclima.io/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Aclima\u003c/a>, Google Street View and The University of Texas at Austin found that concentrations of harmful pollutants from diesel exhaust were significantly higher in neighborhoods along 880 than those along 580. Black carbon concentrations were roughly 80% higher, nitrogen dioxide concentrations were 60% higher, and nitric oxide were more than double.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What a Truck Ban Means for Equity\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Historian Robert Self said what’s happened with the 580 truck ban is the definition of structural racism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People can make decisions that don’t on their face, seem as if they’re motivated by racial animosity but have profound downstream racial effects,” Self said. “Any individual person can make a decision within that system that appears entirely neutral, and yet it’s got massive racial impacts and effects.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Angela Scott, an East Oakland community organizer with the environmental justice group \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbecal.org/\">Communities for a Better Environment\u003c/a>, agreed. She said she’s talked with people across East Oakland about whether they’d want to push back on the 580 truck ban.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Folks said, ‘We don’t want to put that on anybody else because it’s horrible,'” Scott said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Scott thinks if East Oakland residents don’t push back against policies like this one it hides the problem. Truck emissions are just one example of the outsized pollution burden her community bears, she said. She thinks it’s time for change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have to go beyond, ‘Oh, that was maybe a bad decision,'” Scott said. “How do we undo all those bad decisions with all the things that we know now? How do we fix it so that people are sharing burdens? That’s solidarity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"tiktok-embed\" style=\"max-width: 605px; min-width: 325px;\" cite=\"https://www.tiktok.com/@kqedofficial/video/6987554195729583365\" data-video-id=\"6987554195729583365\">\n\u003csection>\u003ca title=\"@kqedofficial\" href=\"https://www.tiktok.com/@kqedofficial\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">@kqedofficial\u003c/a>We explain how a truck policy affects POC in East and West parts of Oakland. \u003ca title=\"racismawareness\" href=\"https://www.tiktok.com/tag/racismawareness\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">#racismawareness\u003c/a> \u003ca title=\"oaklandca\" href=\"https://www.tiktok.com/tag/oaklandca\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">#oaklandca\u003c/a> \u003ca title=\"socialjustice\" href=\"https://www.tiktok.com/tag/socialjustice\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">#socialjustice\u003c/a> \u003ca title=\"environmental\" href=\"https://www.tiktok.com/tag/environmental\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">#environmental\u003c/a> \u003ca title=\"fyp\" href=\"https://www.tiktok.com/tag/fyp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">#fyp\u003c/a> \u003ca title=\"bayarea\" href=\"https://www.tiktok.com/tag/bayarea\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">#bayarea\u003c/a>\u003ca title=\"♬ original sound - kqed\" href=\"https://www.tiktok.com/music/original-sound-6987558479233846022\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">♬ original sound – kqed\u003c/a>\n\u003c/section>\n\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"tiktok","attributes":{"named":{"label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What Happens Now\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The sixth grade students at Life Academy have plenty of ideas to improve air quality along their highway, from electrifying trucks to planting more trees in the community, to distributing free air purifiers to people living in heavily polluted areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State officials have some of the same ideas. Last summer, the California Air Resources Board announced a rule \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/news/california-takes-bold-step-reduce-truck-pollution#:~:text=SACRAMENTO%20%E2%80%93%20Today%2C%20the%20California%20Air,California%20will%20be%20zero%2Demission.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">requiring truck manufacturers to transition from diesel to electric\u003c/a> starting in 2024. These regulations say by 2045 every new truck sold in California will be zero-emission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Angela Scott, of Communities for a Better Environment, wants to take things further.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Lift that ban,” she said. “I know people are not going to like it, but it’s such a racist policy. Lift the ban!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Students are pushing for one more thing, something community advocates have been demanding for decades: a study of the ban’s health effects. And there has been some movement on that front. Bay Area air district officials said in an email to KQED they are committed to studying health impacts of the 580 truck ban, “probably in the 2022-2023 time frame.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"baycuriousquestion","attributes":{"named":{"label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11879641/trucks-are-banned-on-oaklands-i-580-these-sixth-graders-wondered-why","authors":["8648"],"programs":["news_33523"],"series":["news_17986"],"categories":["news_19906","news_28250","news_8","news_33520","news_356"],"tags":["news_2036","news_18145","news_30652","news_18299","news_28199","news_26605","news_20517"],"featImg":"news_11880226","label":"source_news_11879641"},"news_11836398":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11836398","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11836398","score":null,"sort":[1599260453000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"who-is-most-vulnerable-to-wildfire-smoke-poverty-and-racism-play-a-part","title":"Poverty and Racism Leave People More Vulnerable to Wildfire Smoke","publishDate":1599260453,"format":"audio","headTitle":"The California Report | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":72,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>Ta’Kira Dannette Byrd is thin and lithe, like a blade of wild grass swaying in the wind. The little girl was diagnosed with asthma when she was 5 years old. Her first major health crisis came three years later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She remembers being “really really sick” all day. Then, in the middle of the night, her cat went bounding into mom’s room, yowling, and woke her up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I guess, like, my face was all purple and stuff and I couldn’t breathe,” said Ta’Kira, now 11.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her mom, Shawntierra Dolton, came running into the living room, where Ta’Kira sleeps. She took one look at her daughter’s face and “hurried up and put the treatment on her.” Then they rushed to the hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the years that followed, the routine became an all-too-regular part of life for the Vallejo family. And the massive wildfires that burned every year almost certainly played a role.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Extreme fire seasons seem to be the new normal in the American West. The spate of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11834132/see-where-wildfires-are-burning-in-california\">lightning-sparked blazes\u003c/a> that recently blanketed California in unhealthy smoke is just the most recent reminder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But not everyone is affected equally. Just as we’ve seen with the coronavirus pandemic, place and race play a role.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ta’Kira lives with her mom and two younger brothers at the Marina Vista Apartments — a low-income housing development comprised of blocky two-story buildings in downtown Vallejo. According to the \u003ca href=\"https://healthyplacesindex.org\">California Healthy Places Index\u003c/a>, developed by the Public Health Alliance of Southern California, their neighborhood is one of the least healthy in the entire state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the poor health outcomes: high asthma rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11836549\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11836549\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/RS44653_TaKiraDrawing-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/RS44653_TaKiraDrawing-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/RS44653_TaKiraDrawing-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/RS44653_TaKiraDrawing-qut-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/RS44653_TaKiraDrawing-qut-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/RS44653_TaKiraDrawing-qut-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ta’Kira, 11, colors in her notebook at home in Vallejo. \u003ccite>(Lee Romney/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For Ta’Kira, living with a condition that regularly inflames her airways can be scary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When we have PE and I run a lot, it makes me feel kind of weak and stuff,” she said. “It feels like my lungs are just closing up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Ta’Kira tends to put a positive spin on things — even during an emergency treatment of oxygen and helium that doctors administered during that first hospitalization, to open up her lungs. Known as Heliox, the treatment is reserved for the most serious cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was put on that for an hour,” she said in a playful sing-song, “and I couldn’t even talk because the thing was on my mouth and on my nose. It made me sound like a squeaky mouse.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Days later, Ta’Kira went home with a bunch of new prescriptions. But her medical records, which Shawntierra shared with KQED, reveal that she ran out of some key maintenance meds over the next few years — partly because of hitches with her Medi-Cal, the state’s government insurance program that serves low-income families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Dr. John Balmes, professor of medicine and environmental health sciences at UCSF and UC Berkeley']'Based on what we know from outdoor air pollution and about asthma biology in general, the effects can be cumulative.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those hardships are just one example of how wealth can impact health — gaps in Ta’Kira’s treatment made controlling her asthma harder, and she landed back in the ER again and again. Then wildfires — record-breaking in their scope and devastation — started burning, beginning with \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/tubbs-fire\">the Tubbs Fire in October 2017\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The blaze raged through Sonoma and Napa counties, destroying several Santa Rosa neighborhoods. Even though it burned a ways from Vallejo, wildfires produce tiny particulate matter that can travel great distances and lodge deep in the lungs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the year that followed, Ta’Kira was rushed to the ER with bad asthma attacks every three to four months. But those visits didn’t happen on the days when the smoke was at its worst, though she felt it in her chest. Instead, Ta’Kira ended up visiting the ER repeatedly in the weeks and months that followed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. John Balmes, a professor of medicine and environmental health sciences at UCSF and UC Berkeley who studies the impact of air pollution on kids, said that’s not surprising.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Based on what we know from outdoor air pollution and about asthma biology in general, the effects can be cumulative,” Balmes said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The short-term impacts of wildfire smoke are well documented. Studies have shown that smoky days correlate with spikes in ER visits for lung and heart problems in real time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for long-term health effects, there’s a lot we still don’t know. A recent Stanford University study showed potentially lasting damage to the immune systems of kids who’d been exposed to fire smoke. And \u003ca href=\"https://www.revealnews.org/article/the-smokes-gone-but-hearts-and-lungs-still-may-be-in-danger-months-after-wildfires/\">an investigation by the Center for Investigative Reporting\u003c/a> found a spike in ER visits of adults and kids experiencing lung and heart ailments three to five months after the Tubbs Fire. [ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, like with daily air pollution, Balmes said, it’s pretty clear that inhalation of particulate matter from smoke can cause harm over time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A child could be exposed to wildfire smoke for a period and have some increase in airway inflammation,” he said, “which would then put them at greater risk of exacerbations from allergens that they’re sensitized to, or make them more at risk for having exacerbation when they get a cold.” [aside tag=\"wildfires\" label=\"more coverage\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New record-setting blazes would follow the Tubbs Fire. In November 2018, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/camp-fire\">the Camp Fire decimated the town of Paradise\u003c/a> in Butte County, spreading smoke laden with toxins from burning plastics and other industrial materials for hundreds of miles. Three months later, Ta’Kira was back in the hospital again. “Working very hard to breathe,” her medical notes say. “Unable to hold a long conversation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was scared because I had to get an IV,” she said. “They always put it in the same arm. But then this one nurse she knew I was scared so she took her time putting the fluid all the way in.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ta’Kira put on a brave face about that IV, and about the ambulance ride she took hours later, when she was transferred to the pediatric ICU in Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her mom, Shawntierra, is a singer. And Ta’Kira says during that time in ICU, she often sang — especially during her long overnight stays on a pull-out couch next to her daughter’s bed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Shawntierra, these hospitalizations have been terrifying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just remember crying a lot,” she said, “because they kept coming in the room doing extra stuff to her.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ta’Kira is not alone in her medical struggles. \u003ca href=\"https://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/omh/browse.aspx?lvl=4&lvlid=15\">Black children like her are disproportionately affected by asthma\u003c/a>, more likely to be hospitalized for it, and even to die from it. Especially in low-income neighborhoods like the Vallejo census tract where Ta’Kira has lived for her entire young life. Data show that more Black people live in that neighborhood than anywhere else in Vallejo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11836544\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11836544\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/RS44654_MarinaGardens-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1441\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/RS44654_MarinaGardens-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/RS44654_MarinaGardens-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/RS44654_MarinaGardens-qut-1020x766.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/RS44654_MarinaGardens-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/RS44654_MarinaGardens-qut-1536x1153.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/RS44654_MarinaGardens-qut-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/RS44654_MarinaGardens-qut-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/RS44654_MarinaGardens-qut-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/RS44654_MarinaGardens-qut-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/RS44654_MarinaGardens-qut-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Residents from downtown Vallejo’s Marina Vista Gardens say wildfire smoke easily permeates poor-quality aluminum window frames at the apartment complex, contributing to indoor pollution. \u003ccite>(Lee Romney/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Those concerning asthma statistics for Black children, Balmes said, are due in part to higher exposure to air pollution in low-income neighborhoods from sources such as industry and freeway soot. But also, he said, because of more indirect factors including discrimination, poor housing, poverty, noise and garbage\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given what we know about those trends, he said, wildfire smoke is “likely to differentially impact kids in these neighborhoods.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During every wildfire-related smoke event, Ta’Kira’s mom said, she has made sure to follow public health advice to keep the ground-floor apartment’s windows and doors closed. But that only helps if they keep the smoke out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marina Vista’s oldest apartment buildings were built about 50 years ago. And about half a dozen residents — including Shawntierra — said smoke comes right in through the flimsy aluminum window frames.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garbage is a problem at Marina Vista, too. It attracts critters whose droppings are common asthma triggers. Large, bulky, open-topped garbage bins sit just feet from Shawntierra’s unit, across a narrow pathway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shawntierra said management should move them farther away from the living units, “or at least spray more often for roaches and mice. Sometimes we’ll see them all outside the apartments and inside. Just everywhere.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last October, Ta’Kira was back at the ER again, on a cardiac monitor, getting a continuous flow of asthma meds through a nebulizer. Her lungs were already compromised when, a week later, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11782314/what-you-need-to-know-sonoma-countys-kincade-fire\">the Kincade Fire\u003c/a> started burning within 100 miles of her home, blanketing Vallejo in smoke. Two weeks later, she was back at the ER.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year has been a bit better for Ta’Kira when it comes to asthma attacks, her mother said. Maybe because she’s getting older. Maybe because the medicines she takes each day are doing their job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Ta’Kira Dannette Byrd, 11']'I worry about fires a lot.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But last month’s lightning-triggered blazes bumped California into yet another unprecedented crisis: A record-breaking number of “Spare the Air” days led millions of residents — at least, those who were able — to take shelter indoors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About a week into those bad-air days, I went back to Marina Gardens to visit Shawntierra and Ta’Kira. Even though Ta’Kira had only been to the ER once in the past few months, mom said she was “very, very worried” about the relentless smoke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To be cautious, she and the kids had been taking refuge at Shawntierra’s mom’s home in Contra Costa County. Even though outside air quality there has been lousy, too, her place has higher-quality windows and doors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She lives in a two-story so it’s a lot more space for her,” Shawntierra said, “and when you enter in her house it’s just pure, clean. Clean air.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asthma has been a part of Ta’Kira’s life for years now. Inhaling tiny harmful particulate matter from wildfire smoke — that’s just one of her many triggers. But it’s joined the list of forces outside her control that cause her anxiety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I worry about fires a lot,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ta’Kira was quiet on that last visit, saying she felt “fine.” But a few minutes later, Shawntierra called with an update: Ta’Kira, she said, had just told her that her chest had been hurting at night. She’d been keeping it to herself, because she was worried about going back to the hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"As we’ve seen with the coronavirus pandemic, place and race play a role in who is impacted most by wildfire smoke. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1599502726,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":48,"wordCount":1891},"headData":{"title":"Poverty and Racism Leave People More Vulnerable to Wildfire Smoke | KQED","description":"As we’ve seen with the coronavirus pandemic, place and race play a role in who is impacted most by wildfire smoke. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Poverty and Racism Leave People More Vulnerable to Wildfire Smoke","datePublished":"2020-09-04T23:00:53.000Z","dateModified":"2020-09-07T18:18:46.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"11836398 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11836398","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2020/09/04/who-is-most-vulnerable-to-wildfire-smoke-poverty-and-racism-play-a-part/","disqusTitle":"Poverty and Racism Leave People More Vulnerable to Wildfire Smoke","audioUrl":"https://traffic.omny.fm/d/clips/0af137ef-751e-4b19-a055-aaef00d2d578/ffca7e9f-6831-41c5-bcaf-aaef00f5a073/bf6e33fc-d44d-4d77-b7e4-ac2c017f72c6/audio.mp3","nprByline":"Lee Romney","path":"/news/11836398/who-is-most-vulnerable-to-wildfire-smoke-poverty-and-racism-play-a-part","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Ta’Kira Dannette Byrd is thin and lithe, like a blade of wild grass swaying in the wind. The little girl was diagnosed with asthma when she was 5 years old. Her first major health crisis came three years later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She remembers being “really really sick” all day. Then, in the middle of the night, her cat went bounding into mom’s room, yowling, and woke her up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I guess, like, my face was all purple and stuff and I couldn’t breathe,” said Ta’Kira, now 11.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her mom, Shawntierra Dolton, came running into the living room, where Ta’Kira sleeps. She took one look at her daughter’s face and “hurried up and put the treatment on her.” Then they rushed to the hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the years that followed, the routine became an all-too-regular part of life for the Vallejo family. And the massive wildfires that burned every year almost certainly played a role.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Extreme fire seasons seem to be the new normal in the American West. The spate of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11834132/see-where-wildfires-are-burning-in-california\">lightning-sparked blazes\u003c/a> that recently blanketed California in unhealthy smoke is just the most recent reminder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But not everyone is affected equally. Just as we’ve seen with the coronavirus pandemic, place and race play a role.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ta’Kira lives with her mom and two younger brothers at the Marina Vista Apartments — a low-income housing development comprised of blocky two-story buildings in downtown Vallejo. According to the \u003ca href=\"https://healthyplacesindex.org\">California Healthy Places Index\u003c/a>, developed by the Public Health Alliance of Southern California, their neighborhood is one of the least healthy in the entire state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the poor health outcomes: high asthma rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11836549\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11836549\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/RS44653_TaKiraDrawing-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/RS44653_TaKiraDrawing-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/RS44653_TaKiraDrawing-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/RS44653_TaKiraDrawing-qut-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/RS44653_TaKiraDrawing-qut-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/RS44653_TaKiraDrawing-qut-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ta’Kira, 11, colors in her notebook at home in Vallejo. \u003ccite>(Lee Romney/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For Ta’Kira, living with a condition that regularly inflames her airways can be scary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When we have PE and I run a lot, it makes me feel kind of weak and stuff,” she said. “It feels like my lungs are just closing up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Ta’Kira tends to put a positive spin on things — even during an emergency treatment of oxygen and helium that doctors administered during that first hospitalization, to open up her lungs. Known as Heliox, the treatment is reserved for the most serious cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was put on that for an hour,” she said in a playful sing-song, “and I couldn’t even talk because the thing was on my mouth and on my nose. It made me sound like a squeaky mouse.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Days later, Ta’Kira went home with a bunch of new prescriptions. But her medical records, which Shawntierra shared with KQED, reveal that she ran out of some key maintenance meds over the next few years — partly because of hitches with her Medi-Cal, the state’s government insurance program that serves low-income families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"'Based on what we know from outdoor air pollution and about asthma biology in general, the effects can be cumulative.'","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Dr. John Balmes, professor of medicine and environmental health sciences at UCSF and UC Berkeley","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those hardships are just one example of how wealth can impact health — gaps in Ta’Kira’s treatment made controlling her asthma harder, and she landed back in the ER again and again. Then wildfires — record-breaking in their scope and devastation — started burning, beginning with \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/tubbs-fire\">the Tubbs Fire in October 2017\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The blaze raged through Sonoma and Napa counties, destroying several Santa Rosa neighborhoods. Even though it burned a ways from Vallejo, wildfires produce tiny particulate matter that can travel great distances and lodge deep in the lungs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the year that followed, Ta’Kira was rushed to the ER with bad asthma attacks every three to four months. But those visits didn’t happen on the days when the smoke was at its worst, though she felt it in her chest. Instead, Ta’Kira ended up visiting the ER repeatedly in the weeks and months that followed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. John Balmes, a professor of medicine and environmental health sciences at UCSF and UC Berkeley who studies the impact of air pollution on kids, said that’s not surprising.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Based on what we know from outdoor air pollution and about asthma biology in general, the effects can be cumulative,” Balmes said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The short-term impacts of wildfire smoke are well documented. Studies have shown that smoky days correlate with spikes in ER visits for lung and heart problems in real time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for long-term health effects, there’s a lot we still don’t know. A recent Stanford University study showed potentially lasting damage to the immune systems of kids who’d been exposed to fire smoke. And \u003ca href=\"https://www.revealnews.org/article/the-smokes-gone-but-hearts-and-lungs-still-may-be-in-danger-months-after-wildfires/\">an investigation by the Center for Investigative Reporting\u003c/a> found a spike in ER visits of adults and kids experiencing lung and heart ailments three to five months after the Tubbs Fire. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, like with daily air pollution, Balmes said, it’s pretty clear that inhalation of particulate matter from smoke can cause harm over time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A child could be exposed to wildfire smoke for a period and have some increase in airway inflammation,” he said, “which would then put them at greater risk of exacerbations from allergens that they’re sensitized to, or make them more at risk for having exacerbation when they get a cold.” \u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"tag":"wildfires","label":"more coverage "},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New record-setting blazes would follow the Tubbs Fire. In November 2018, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/camp-fire\">the Camp Fire decimated the town of Paradise\u003c/a> in Butte County, spreading smoke laden with toxins from burning plastics and other industrial materials for hundreds of miles. Three months later, Ta’Kira was back in the hospital again. “Working very hard to breathe,” her medical notes say. “Unable to hold a long conversation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was scared because I had to get an IV,” she said. “They always put it in the same arm. But then this one nurse she knew I was scared so she took her time putting the fluid all the way in.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ta’Kira put on a brave face about that IV, and about the ambulance ride she took hours later, when she was transferred to the pediatric ICU in Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her mom, Shawntierra, is a singer. And Ta’Kira says during that time in ICU, she often sang — especially during her long overnight stays on a pull-out couch next to her daughter’s bed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Shawntierra, these hospitalizations have been terrifying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just remember crying a lot,” she said, “because they kept coming in the room doing extra stuff to her.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ta’Kira is not alone in her medical struggles. \u003ca href=\"https://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/omh/browse.aspx?lvl=4&lvlid=15\">Black children like her are disproportionately affected by asthma\u003c/a>, more likely to be hospitalized for it, and even to die from it. Especially in low-income neighborhoods like the Vallejo census tract where Ta’Kira has lived for her entire young life. Data show that more Black people live in that neighborhood than anywhere else in Vallejo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11836544\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11836544\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/RS44654_MarinaGardens-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1441\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/RS44654_MarinaGardens-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/RS44654_MarinaGardens-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/RS44654_MarinaGardens-qut-1020x766.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/RS44654_MarinaGardens-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/RS44654_MarinaGardens-qut-1536x1153.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/RS44654_MarinaGardens-qut-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/RS44654_MarinaGardens-qut-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/RS44654_MarinaGardens-qut-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/RS44654_MarinaGardens-qut-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/RS44654_MarinaGardens-qut-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Residents from downtown Vallejo’s Marina Vista Gardens say wildfire smoke easily permeates poor-quality aluminum window frames at the apartment complex, contributing to indoor pollution. \u003ccite>(Lee Romney/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Those concerning asthma statistics for Black children, Balmes said, are due in part to higher exposure to air pollution in low-income neighborhoods from sources such as industry and freeway soot. But also, he said, because of more indirect factors including discrimination, poor housing, poverty, noise and garbage\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given what we know about those trends, he said, wildfire smoke is “likely to differentially impact kids in these neighborhoods.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During every wildfire-related smoke event, Ta’Kira’s mom said, she has made sure to follow public health advice to keep the ground-floor apartment’s windows and doors closed. But that only helps if they keep the smoke out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marina Vista’s oldest apartment buildings were built about 50 years ago. And about half a dozen residents — including Shawntierra — said smoke comes right in through the flimsy aluminum window frames.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garbage is a problem at Marina Vista, too. It attracts critters whose droppings are common asthma triggers. Large, bulky, open-topped garbage bins sit just feet from Shawntierra’s unit, across a narrow pathway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shawntierra said management should move them farther away from the living units, “or at least spray more often for roaches and mice. Sometimes we’ll see them all outside the apartments and inside. Just everywhere.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last October, Ta’Kira was back at the ER again, on a cardiac monitor, getting a continuous flow of asthma meds through a nebulizer. Her lungs were already compromised when, a week later, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11782314/what-you-need-to-know-sonoma-countys-kincade-fire\">the Kincade Fire\u003c/a> started burning within 100 miles of her home, blanketing Vallejo in smoke. Two weeks later, she was back at the ER.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year has been a bit better for Ta’Kira when it comes to asthma attacks, her mother said. Maybe because she’s getting older. Maybe because the medicines she takes each day are doing their job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"'I worry about fires a lot.'","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Ta’Kira Dannette Byrd, 11","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But last month’s lightning-triggered blazes bumped California into yet another unprecedented crisis: A record-breaking number of “Spare the Air” days led millions of residents — at least, those who were able — to take shelter indoors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About a week into those bad-air days, I went back to Marina Gardens to visit Shawntierra and Ta’Kira. Even though Ta’Kira had only been to the ER once in the past few months, mom said she was “very, very worried” about the relentless smoke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To be cautious, she and the kids had been taking refuge at Shawntierra’s mom’s home in Contra Costa County. Even though outside air quality there has been lousy, too, her place has higher-quality windows and doors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She lives in a two-story so it’s a lot more space for her,” Shawntierra said, “and when you enter in her house it’s just pure, clean. Clean air.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asthma has been a part of Ta’Kira’s life for years now. Inhaling tiny harmful particulate matter from wildfire smoke — that’s just one of her many triggers. But it’s joined the list of forces outside her control that cause her anxiety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I worry about fires a lot,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ta’Kira was quiet on that last visit, saying she felt “fine.” But a few minutes later, Shawntierra called with an update: Ta’Kira, she said, had just told her that her chest had been hurting at night. She’d been keeping it to herself, because she was worried about going back to the hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11836398/who-is-most-vulnerable-to-wildfire-smoke-poverty-and-racism-play-a-part","authors":["byline_news_11836398"],"programs":["news_72"],"categories":["news_19906","news_457","news_8"],"tags":["news_18145","news_18543","news_2936","news_273","news_4463"],"featImg":"news_11836543","label":"news_72"},"news_11749299":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11749299","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11749299","score":null,"sort":[1558648138000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"asthma-rates-higher-in-californias-historically-redlined-communities-new-study-finds","title":"Asthma Rates Higher in California's Historically Redlined Communities, New Study Finds","publishDate":1558648138,"format":"standard","headTitle":"The California Report | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":72,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>A Great Depression federal home-loan policy that ranked the desirability of neighborhoods based on their racial makeup may still be affecting the health of the residents who live there today, \u003ca href=\"https://eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2019-05/uoc--hrc052019.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a new study\u003c/a> suggests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Related stories\" tag=\"asthma\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers at UC Berkeley and UCSF examined health statistics in eight California cities that were heavily impacted by redlining — a tactic used by government officials to justify discriminatory mortgage-lending policies in predominantly minority neighborhoods. The study found that current residents of those neighborhoods are more than twice as likely as their peers to visit emergency rooms for asthma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What it suggests is that real estate policy that was enacted over 80 years ago, enforced in part on the basis of race, both shaped our neighborhoods and may still be impacting respiratory health outcomes today,\" said Anthony Nardone, a medical student in the UC Berkeley-UCSF Joint Medical Program, who led the analysis. \"It's the first study, to our knowledge, that actually assesses the relationship between historic residential redlining and current health outcomes.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nardone used \u003ca href=\"https://dsl.richmond.edu/panorama/redlining/#loc=3/38.07/-97.29&opacity=0.8&text=about\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">historic redlining maps\u003c/a> to identify census tracts in San Francisco, San Jose, Oakland, Sacramento, Stockton, Fresno, Los Angeles and San Diego that government officials had once identified as \"high risk\" (red) and \"low risk\" (green) neighborhoods in terms of loan security. He then compared current air quality and health outcome data from each of those tracts, using the \u003ca href=\"https://oehha.ca.gov/calenviroscreen/report/calenviroscreen-30\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CalEnviroScreen 3.0\u003c/a> database, and found that current residents in the redlined communities — those considered \"high risk\" — visited the emergency room for asthma-related complaints 2.4 times more often than those in nearby \"low risk\" neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11749449\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1200px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/CensusTractGradesAndAsthma.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11749449 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/CensusTractGradesAndAsthma.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1200\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/CensusTractGradesAndAsthma.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/CensusTractGradesAndAsthma-160x80.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/CensusTractGradesAndAsthma-800x400.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/CensusTractGradesAndAsthma-1020x510.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The map on the right shows census tracts in the cities of San Francisco and Oakland categorized according to their Home Owners' Loan Corp. rating, with green indicating 'best,' blue indicating 'still desirable,' yellow indicating 'definitely declining,' and red indicating 'hazardous.' The map on the right shows the rate of asthma-related emergency room visits per 10,000 residents for those same census tracts. \u003ccite>(Anthony Nardone/UC Berkeley)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That asthma-health disparity is driven in part by excessive exposure to ambient air pollution, said Nardone, noting that historically redlined neighborhoods often have significantly higher levels of diesel particulate matter in the air. But that's not the only factor at play, he added, citing generational poverty and elevated levels of \"psychosocial stress\" caused by everything from living in environments with higher crime rates to a lack of access to decent, affordable health care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Redlining started as official government policy during the Great Depression. The Home Owners' Loan Corp. (HOLC), established by Congress in 1933 as part of President Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal, was intended to help stem the urban foreclosure crisis sweeping the country. The government-sponsored agency refinanced more than a million homes, issuing low-interest, long-term loans to scores of new homeowners across the nation and spurring a dramatic increase in home ownership in the following decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But only for some.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To identify neighborhoods deemed safe investments, HOLC gathered reams of local data to draw up \"residential safety maps\" in some 240 cities across the country. Neighborhoods were classified into one of four categories based on \"favorable\" and \"detrimental\" influences, including \"threat of infiltration of foreign-born, negro, or lower grade population.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These designations were for decades used to deny home loans and other forms of investment to these communities, stunting generational wealth and furthering racial segregation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Though these discriminatory lending practices are now illegal, and gentrification has affected the demographics of some redlined neighborhoods, they remain largely low income and have a higher proportion of black and Hispanic populations than non-redlined communities,\" Nardone said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/palette-400x273.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright wp-image-11749441\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/palette-400x273.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"278\" height=\"190\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/palette-400x273.png 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/palette-400x273-160x109.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 278px) 100vw, 278px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Private banks quickly adopted the government's identification system, commonly denying home loans to residents in neighborhoods considered risky. The color coding of maps became a verb: to redline a community was to mark it as undesirable and not worthy of investment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although officially prohibited by the \u003ca href=\"http://portal.hud.gov/hudportal/HUD?src=/program_offices/fair_housing_equal_opp/progdesc/title8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Fair Housing Act\u003c/a> of 1968, the practice of neighborhood delineation based on race and class had a lasting impact, depriving certain neighborhoods of essential resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our study shows that, even though a policy gets eliminated or is recognized to be a poor choice, its effect can have impacts even many decades later,\" said Neeta Thakur, an assistant professor of medicine at UCSF and Nardone's adviser. \"We need to use that information to help us inform our current policies and thinking about what potential ramifications are down the road.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More subtle forms of redlining continue, however, as evidenced by recent discriminatory loan practice \u003ca href=\"http://portal.hud.gov/hudportal/HUD?src=/press/press_releases_media_advisories/2015/HUDNo_15-064b\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">settlements\u003c/a> and issues of \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22777683\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\"retail redlining,\"\u003c/a> in which businesses avoid setting up shop in neighborhoods deemed undesirable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Below are some of the original HOLC maps and recreated interactive versions, which use data collected by the \u003ca href=\"http://salt.umd.edu/T-RACES/demo/demo.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">University of Maryland's T-Races project\u003c/a> (click on individual tracts to read original assessments for each neighborhood).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/OaklandBerkeleyHOLCmap-MED-1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11749460\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/OaklandBerkeleyHOLCmap-MED-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1417\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/OaklandBerkeleyHOLCmap-MED-1.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/OaklandBerkeleyHOLCmap-MED-1-160x118.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/OaklandBerkeleyHOLCmap-MED-1-800x590.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/OaklandBerkeleyHOLCmap-MED-1-1020x753.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/OaklandBerkeleyHOLCmap-MED-1-1200x886.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.google.com/maps/d/embed?mid=zUghhWyBYBW4.knkdNhx04PDQ\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/07/SF.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-18880\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/07/SF.jpg\" alt=\"SF\" width=\"800\" height=\"572\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.google.com/maps/d/embed?mid=zUghhWyBYBW4.kt6v-_88BBJo\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/SJ.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-11749459 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/SJ.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"624\" height=\"562\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/SJ.png 624w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/SJ-160x144.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 624px) 100vw, 624px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.google.com/maps/d/embed?mid=zUghhWyBYBW4.kiGRF4iVhw8g\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/LosAngelesHOLC-lg.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11749457\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/LosAngelesHOLC-lg.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1452\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/LosAngelesHOLC-lg.jpg 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/LosAngelesHOLC-lg-160x113.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/LosAngelesHOLC-lg-800x567.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/LosAngelesHOLC-lg-1020x723.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/LosAngelesHOLC-lg-1200x851.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/LosAngelesHOLC-lg-1920x1361.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.google.com/maps/d/u/0/embed?mid=1KNpLBhcXW5E12d3eAEB6xbKGLUc\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.google.com/maps/d/embed?mid=zUghhWyBYBW4.knWPOJ6VvdDo\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.google.com/maps/d/embed?mid=zUghhWyBYBW4.kdTG-ML2eOFU\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.google.com/maps/d/embed?mid=zUghhWyBYBW4.kwu99aJGMq3g\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Racist housing policies crafted 80 years ago are likely still influencing health outcomes today.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1558659065,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":30,"wordCount":830},"headData":{"title":"Asthma Rates Higher in California's Historically Redlined Communities, New Study Finds | KQED","description":"Racist housing policies crafted 80 years ago are likely still influencing health outcomes today.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Asthma Rates Higher in California's Historically Redlined Communities, New Study Finds","datePublished":"2019-05-23T21:48:58.000Z","dateModified":"2019-05-24T00:51:05.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"11749299 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11749299","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2019/05/23/asthma-rates-higher-in-californias-historically-redlined-communities-new-study-finds/","disqusTitle":"Asthma Rates Higher in California's Historically Redlined Communities, New Study Finds","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/tcr/2019/05/RedliningKlivansTCRRAM.mp3","audioTrackLength":100,"path":"/news/11749299/asthma-rates-higher-in-californias-historically-redlined-communities-new-study-finds","parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A Great Depression federal home-loan policy that ranked the desirability of neighborhoods based on their racial makeup may still be affecting the health of the residents who live there today, \u003ca href=\"https://eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2019-05/uoc--hrc052019.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a new study\u003c/a> suggests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"Related stories ","tag":"asthma"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers at UC Berkeley and UCSF examined health statistics in eight California cities that were heavily impacted by redlining — a tactic used by government officials to justify discriminatory mortgage-lending policies in predominantly minority neighborhoods. The study found that current residents of those neighborhoods are more than twice as likely as their peers to visit emergency rooms for asthma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What it suggests is that real estate policy that was enacted over 80 years ago, enforced in part on the basis of race, both shaped our neighborhoods and may still be impacting respiratory health outcomes today,\" said Anthony Nardone, a medical student in the UC Berkeley-UCSF Joint Medical Program, who led the analysis. \"It's the first study, to our knowledge, that actually assesses the relationship between historic residential redlining and current health outcomes.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nardone used \u003ca href=\"https://dsl.richmond.edu/panorama/redlining/#loc=3/38.07/-97.29&opacity=0.8&text=about\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">historic redlining maps\u003c/a> to identify census tracts in San Francisco, San Jose, Oakland, Sacramento, Stockton, Fresno, Los Angeles and San Diego that government officials had once identified as \"high risk\" (red) and \"low risk\" (green) neighborhoods in terms of loan security. He then compared current air quality and health outcome data from each of those tracts, using the \u003ca href=\"https://oehha.ca.gov/calenviroscreen/report/calenviroscreen-30\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CalEnviroScreen 3.0\u003c/a> database, and found that current residents in the redlined communities — those considered \"high risk\" — visited the emergency room for asthma-related complaints 2.4 times more often than those in nearby \"low risk\" neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11749449\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1200px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/CensusTractGradesAndAsthma.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11749449 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/CensusTractGradesAndAsthma.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1200\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/CensusTractGradesAndAsthma.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/CensusTractGradesAndAsthma-160x80.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/CensusTractGradesAndAsthma-800x400.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/CensusTractGradesAndAsthma-1020x510.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The map on the right shows census tracts in the cities of San Francisco and Oakland categorized according to their Home Owners' Loan Corp. rating, with green indicating 'best,' blue indicating 'still desirable,' yellow indicating 'definitely declining,' and red indicating 'hazardous.' The map on the right shows the rate of asthma-related emergency room visits per 10,000 residents for those same census tracts. \u003ccite>(Anthony Nardone/UC Berkeley)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That asthma-health disparity is driven in part by excessive exposure to ambient air pollution, said Nardone, noting that historically redlined neighborhoods often have significantly higher levels of diesel particulate matter in the air. But that's not the only factor at play, he added, citing generational poverty and elevated levels of \"psychosocial stress\" caused by everything from living in environments with higher crime rates to a lack of access to decent, affordable health care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Redlining started as official government policy during the Great Depression. The Home Owners' Loan Corp. (HOLC), established by Congress in 1933 as part of President Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal, was intended to help stem the urban foreclosure crisis sweeping the country. The government-sponsored agency refinanced more than a million homes, issuing low-interest, long-term loans to scores of new homeowners across the nation and spurring a dramatic increase in home ownership in the following decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But only for some.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To identify neighborhoods deemed safe investments, HOLC gathered reams of local data to draw up \"residential safety maps\" in some 240 cities across the country. Neighborhoods were classified into one of four categories based on \"favorable\" and \"detrimental\" influences, including \"threat of infiltration of foreign-born, negro, or lower grade population.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These designations were for decades used to deny home loans and other forms of investment to these communities, stunting generational wealth and furthering racial segregation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Though these discriminatory lending practices are now illegal, and gentrification has affected the demographics of some redlined neighborhoods, they remain largely low income and have a higher proportion of black and Hispanic populations than non-redlined communities,\" Nardone said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/palette-400x273.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright wp-image-11749441\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/palette-400x273.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"278\" height=\"190\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/palette-400x273.png 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/palette-400x273-160x109.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 278px) 100vw, 278px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Private banks quickly adopted the government's identification system, commonly denying home loans to residents in neighborhoods considered risky. The color coding of maps became a verb: to redline a community was to mark it as undesirable and not worthy of investment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although officially prohibited by the \u003ca href=\"http://portal.hud.gov/hudportal/HUD?src=/program_offices/fair_housing_equal_opp/progdesc/title8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Fair Housing Act\u003c/a> of 1968, the practice of neighborhood delineation based on race and class had a lasting impact, depriving certain neighborhoods of essential resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our study shows that, even though a policy gets eliminated or is recognized to be a poor choice, its effect can have impacts even many decades later,\" said Neeta Thakur, an assistant professor of medicine at UCSF and Nardone's adviser. \"We need to use that information to help us inform our current policies and thinking about what potential ramifications are down the road.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More subtle forms of redlining continue, however, as evidenced by recent discriminatory loan practice \u003ca href=\"http://portal.hud.gov/hudportal/HUD?src=/press/press_releases_media_advisories/2015/HUDNo_15-064b\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">settlements\u003c/a> and issues of \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22777683\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\"retail redlining,\"\u003c/a> in which businesses avoid setting up shop in neighborhoods deemed undesirable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Below are some of the original HOLC maps and recreated interactive versions, which use data collected by the \u003ca href=\"http://salt.umd.edu/T-RACES/demo/demo.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">University of Maryland's T-Races project\u003c/a> (click on individual tracts to read original assessments for each neighborhood).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/OaklandBerkeleyHOLCmap-MED-1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11749460\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/OaklandBerkeleyHOLCmap-MED-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1417\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/OaklandBerkeleyHOLCmap-MED-1.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/OaklandBerkeleyHOLCmap-MED-1-160x118.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/OaklandBerkeleyHOLCmap-MED-1-800x590.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/OaklandBerkeleyHOLCmap-MED-1-1020x753.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/OaklandBerkeleyHOLCmap-MED-1-1200x886.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.google.com/maps/d/embed?mid=zUghhWyBYBW4.knkdNhx04PDQ\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/07/SF.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-18880\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/07/SF.jpg\" alt=\"SF\" width=\"800\" height=\"572\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.google.com/maps/d/embed?mid=zUghhWyBYBW4.kt6v-_88BBJo\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/SJ.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-11749459 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/SJ.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"624\" height=\"562\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/SJ.png 624w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/SJ-160x144.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 624px) 100vw, 624px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.google.com/maps/d/embed?mid=zUghhWyBYBW4.kiGRF4iVhw8g\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/LosAngelesHOLC-lg.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11749457\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/LosAngelesHOLC-lg.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1452\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/LosAngelesHOLC-lg.jpg 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/LosAngelesHOLC-lg-160x113.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/LosAngelesHOLC-lg-800x567.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/LosAngelesHOLC-lg-1020x723.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/LosAngelesHOLC-lg-1200x851.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/LosAngelesHOLC-lg-1920x1361.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.google.com/maps/d/u/0/embed?mid=1KNpLBhcXW5E12d3eAEB6xbKGLUc\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.google.com/maps/d/embed?mid=zUghhWyBYBW4.knWPOJ6VvdDo\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.google.com/maps/d/embed?mid=zUghhWyBYBW4.kdTG-ML2eOFU\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.google.com/maps/d/embed?mid=zUghhWyBYBW4.kwu99aJGMq3g\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11749299/asthma-rates-higher-in-californias-historically-redlined-communities-new-study-finds","authors":["8648","1263"],"programs":["news_72"],"categories":["news_1758","news_457","news_6266","news_8"],"tags":["news_18145","news_19542","news_25773","news_25774","news_21028","news_17041"],"featImg":"news_11749460","label":"news_72"},"news_11748140":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11748140","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11748140","score":null,"sort":[1558288902000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"gold-standard-asthma-treatment-may-not-be-effective-for-most-patients-with-mild-asthma","title":"Gold Standard Asthma Treatment May Not Be Effective for Most Patients With Mild Asthma","publishDate":1558288902,"format":"audio","headTitle":"The California Report | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":72,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>Steroid inhalers commonly used by asthma patients to prevent and reduce asthma attacks may not work any better than placebo, according to a new study published Sunday in the New England Journal of Medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Dr. Stephen Lazarus, UCSF']'We may be giving people steroids, subjecting them to potential adverse effects and the increased costs without a significant clinical benefit.'[/pullquote]Synthetic corticosteroids mimic the steroid hormone cortisol, reducing inflammation in the airways. But the drug targets a type of inflammation that may be found in far fewer patients than previously thought. Among those patients, more than half did just as well or better on placebo as they did on the steroid inhaler, the research found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re suggesting that it’s time to re-evaluate what the standard recommended form of treatment is for these milder patients,” said Dr. Stephen Lazarus, a pulmonologist at the University of California, San Francisco, and the study's lead author.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11748154\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11748154\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/IMG_4151-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Dr. Stephen Lazarus, of UCSF, and his team studied 300 patients with mild asthma. \" width=\"800\" height=\"600\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Stephen Lazarus, of UCSF, and his team studied 300 patients with mild asthma. \u003ccite>(April Dembosky/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Since the early 1990s, international guidelines for treating patients with mild, persistent asthma has been to use a low-dose steroid inhaler twice a day. The recommendations were based mainly on studies of people with severe asthma, but the thinking was, if people with mild symptoms used the steroid inhaler early on, it would prevent damage to their airways later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when the medications didn’t seem to reduce asthma attacks, doctors blamed the patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For many years, I think we’ve attributed their poor asthma control to the fact that they weren’t taking their medicines, and it may be that many of them were taking their medicines, they just weren’t working,” Lazarus said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Suzanne Leigh, asthma patient']'I don’t know where I go from here. Do I continue with the medication or do I stop and end up in the emergency department?'[/pullquote]Lazarus and his team studied 300 patients with mild asthma. The vast majority, 73%, did not have type two inflammation — an inflammation characterized by a high level of eosinophilic white blood cells, which are believed to be much more prevalent among asthma patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of those patients, 66% did just as well, or better, on placebo as the steroid inhaler, mometasone, in terms of urgent care visits, days when they had trouble breathing or woke up in the middle of the night unable to breathe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Merck, the drug company that makes mometasone, declined to comment on the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We may be giving people steroids, subjecting them to potential adverse effects and the increased costs without a significant clinical benefit,” Lazarus said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11748152\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11748152 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/IMG_4147-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Stephen Lazarus, of UCSF, said said, a bigger, longer study is needed before any major clinical changes are made to treatments for mild asthma. April Dembosky/KQED\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While inhaled steroids are generally safe, there is some risk for bone loss, cataracts, glaucoma and thinning of the skin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bone loss has long been a concern for asthma patient Suzanne Leigh.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m a low-BMI, white woman with a history of auto-immune disease, which puts me at high risk for osteoporosis,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote]'While inhaled steroids are generally safe, there is some risk for bone loss, cataracts, glaucoma and thinning of the skin.'[/pullquote]Leigh works in UCSF’s media department and when she read the study, she was frustrated. She uses an asthma inhaler that costs $500 and puts her at risk of breaking a hip in a few years. And it may not even work?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t know where I go from here,” she said. “Do I continue with the medication or do I stop and end up in the emergency department?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the study certainly suggests the paradigm on treatments for mild asthma may shift, Dr. Lazarus said, a bigger, longer study is needed before any major clinical changes are made.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If someone has evidence of episodic, periodic asthma and asthma exacerbations that lead to emergency department visits and they respond when treated with inhaled steroids, then it kind of doesn’t matter what the lab test shows,” he said. “If they have a clinical response that is genuine, that probably is an appropriate treatment regimen.”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"“We may be giving people steroids, subjecting them to potential adverse effects and the increased costs without a significant clinical benefit,” said UCSF's Dr. Stephen Lazarus, the study's lead author.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1564688835,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":19,"wordCount":745},"headData":{"title":"Gold Standard Asthma Treatment May Not Be Effective for Most Patients With Mild Asthma | KQED","description":"“We may be giving people steroids, subjecting them to potential adverse effects and the increased costs without a significant clinical benefit,” said UCSF's Dr. Stephen Lazarus, the study's lead author.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Gold Standard Asthma Treatment May Not Be Effective for Most Patients With Mild Asthma","datePublished":"2019-05-19T18:01:42.000Z","dateModified":"2019-08-01T19:47:15.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"11748140 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11748140","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2019/05/19/gold-standard-asthma-treatment-may-not-be-effective-for-most-patients-with-mild-asthma/","disqusTitle":"Gold Standard Asthma Treatment May Not Be Effective for Most Patients With Mild Asthma","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/2019/06/DemboskyAsthmaStudy.mp3","audioTrackLength":102,"path":"/news/11748140/gold-standard-asthma-treatment-may-not-be-effective-for-most-patients-with-mild-asthma","audioDuration":102000,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Steroid inhalers commonly used by asthma patients to prevent and reduce asthma attacks may not work any better than placebo, according to a new study published Sunday in the New England Journal of Medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"'We may be giving people steroids, subjecting them to potential adverse effects and the increased costs without a significant clinical benefit.'","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Dr. Stephen Lazarus, UCSF","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Synthetic corticosteroids mimic the steroid hormone cortisol, reducing inflammation in the airways. But the drug targets a type of inflammation that may be found in far fewer patients than previously thought. Among those patients, more than half did just as well or better on placebo as they did on the steroid inhaler, the research found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re suggesting that it’s time to re-evaluate what the standard recommended form of treatment is for these milder patients,” said Dr. Stephen Lazarus, a pulmonologist at the University of California, San Francisco, and the study's lead author.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11748154\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11748154\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/IMG_4151-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Dr. Stephen Lazarus, of UCSF, and his team studied 300 patients with mild asthma. \" width=\"800\" height=\"600\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Stephen Lazarus, of UCSF, and his team studied 300 patients with mild asthma. \u003ccite>(April Dembosky/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Since the early 1990s, international guidelines for treating patients with mild, persistent asthma has been to use a low-dose steroid inhaler twice a day. The recommendations were based mainly on studies of people with severe asthma, but the thinking was, if people with mild symptoms used the steroid inhaler early on, it would prevent damage to their airways later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when the medications didn’t seem to reduce asthma attacks, doctors blamed the patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For many years, I think we’ve attributed their poor asthma control to the fact that they weren’t taking their medicines, and it may be that many of them were taking their medicines, they just weren’t working,” Lazarus said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"'I don’t know where I go from here. Do I continue with the medication or do I stop and end up in the emergency department?'","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Suzanne Leigh, asthma patient","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Lazarus and his team studied 300 patients with mild asthma. The vast majority, 73%, did not have type two inflammation — an inflammation characterized by a high level of eosinophilic white blood cells, which are believed to be much more prevalent among asthma patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of those patients, 66% did just as well, or better, on placebo as the steroid inhaler, mometasone, in terms of urgent care visits, days when they had trouble breathing or woke up in the middle of the night unable to breathe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Merck, the drug company that makes mometasone, declined to comment on the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We may be giving people steroids, subjecting them to potential adverse effects and the increased costs without a significant clinical benefit,” Lazarus said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11748152\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11748152 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/IMG_4147-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Stephen Lazarus, of UCSF, said said, a bigger, longer study is needed before any major clinical changes are made to treatments for mild asthma. April Dembosky/KQED\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While inhaled steroids are generally safe, there is some risk for bone loss, cataracts, glaucoma and thinning of the skin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bone loss has long been a concern for asthma patient Suzanne Leigh.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m a low-BMI, white woman with a history of auto-immune disease, which puts me at high risk for osteoporosis,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"'While inhaled steroids are generally safe, there is some risk for bone loss, cataracts, glaucoma and thinning of the skin.'","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Leigh works in UCSF’s media department and when she read the study, she was frustrated. She uses an asthma inhaler that costs $500 and puts her at risk of breaking a hip in a few years. And it may not even work?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t know where I go from here,” she said. “Do I continue with the medication or do I stop and end up in the emergency department?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the study certainly suggests the paradigm on treatments for mild asthma may shift, Dr. Lazarus said, a bigger, longer study is needed before any major clinical changes are made.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If someone has evidence of episodic, periodic asthma and asthma exacerbations that lead to emergency department visits and they respond when treated with inhaled steroids, then it kind of doesn’t matter what the lab test shows,” he said. “If they have a clinical response that is genuine, that probably is an appropriate treatment regimen.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11748140/gold-standard-asthma-treatment-may-not-be-effective-for-most-patients-with-mild-asthma","authors":["3205"],"programs":["news_72"],"categories":["news_457","news_8","news_356"],"tags":["news_18145","news_19542","news_922"],"featImg":"news_11748178","label":"news_72"},"news_11709116":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11709116","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11709116","score":null,"sort":[1543533936000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"creepy-crawly-climate-change","title":"Creepy, Crawly Climate Change","publishDate":1543533936,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Mark Fiore: Drawn to the Bay | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":18515,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>More mosquitoes, ticks and pathogens are coming to California thanks to climate change,\u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/fioreclimatehazards\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> according to a new state report.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1934983/how-climate-change-in-california-could-affect-your-health\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">The report\u003c/a> details a dramatic temperature increase that will bring a wide range of health and economic costs to California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The changing climate is expected to increase the number of rodents and insects carrying pathogens and lead to a slew of other health problems for people living in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"More mosquitoes, ticks and pathogens are coming to California thanks to climate change, according to a new state report. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1543533936,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":5,"wordCount":71},"headData":{"title":"Creepy, Crawly Climate Change | KQED","description":"More mosquitoes, ticks and pathogens are coming to California thanks to climate change, according to a new state report. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Creepy, Crawly Climate Change","datePublished":"2018-11-29T23:25:36.000Z","dateModified":"2018-11-29T23:25:36.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"11709116 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11709116","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2018/11/29/creepy-crawly-climate-change/","disqusTitle":"Creepy, Crawly Climate Change","path":"/news/11709116/creepy-crawly-climate-change","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>More mosquitoes, ticks and pathogens are coming to California thanks to climate change,\u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/fioreclimatehazards\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> according to a new state report.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1934983/how-climate-change-in-california-could-affect-your-health\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">The report\u003c/a> details a dramatic temperature increase that will bring a wide range of health and economic costs to California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The changing climate is expected to increase the number of rodents and insects carrying pathogens and lead to a slew of other health problems for people living in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11709116/creepy-crawly-climate-change","authors":["3236"],"series":["news_18515"],"categories":["news_19906","news_457","news_8"],"tags":["news_18145","news_255","news_328","news_20949","news_20548","news_6700"],"featImg":"news_11709125","label":"news_18515"},"news_11661369":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11661369","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11661369","score":null,"sort":[1523475418000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"lausd-will-base-some-school-spending-on-neighborhood-shootings-asthma-rates","title":"LAUSD Will Base Some School Spending on Neighborhood Shootings, Asthma Rates","publishDate":1523475418,"format":"standard","headTitle":"The California Report | KQED News","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Starting next year, Los Angeles Unified School District officials will consider asthma rates and injuries from gun violence in neighborhoods near its campuses to help decide which district schools are most in need of extra funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those are among nearly a dozen new factors L.A. Unified officials will use to rank schools by their level of student need. Among the new metrics: graduation rates, test scores, how many fights a school sees and even how well incoming students fared academically in their old schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The L.A. Unified School Board voted unanimously Tuesday night to add these factors and others to its Student Equity Needs Index (SENI), a formula it has used to divvy up a relatively small portion of its overall budget to around 780 schools across the district since 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rewritten index — \"SENI 2.0,\" as its backers called it — still takes into account whether a school serves high numbers of low-income students, foster youth and English learners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those three groups of students all generate extra funding for L.A. Unified under California's school funding law — and that law nominally requires districts to use that extra funding to pay for new services for those students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the vast majority of L.A. Unified students fit into at least one of these three groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For years, activist groups — most of them from South and East L.A. — have sought a rewrite to the district's formula, saying L.A. Unified officials need to meaningfully differentiate needy schools from the needi\u003cem>est\u003c/em> schools, and target funding to those schools more carefully. (One group even \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2016/06/06/61320/state-l-a-unified-shortchanging-funding-for-high-n/\">sued\u003c/a> the district over concerns the neediest students were being shortchanged; \u003ca href=\"https://www.scpr.org/news/2017/09/14/75626/lausd-settles-legal-case-that-cut-to-the-core-of-h/\">the case was recently settled\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hence the desire to include new metrics that might illustrate more vividly the level of student need in a school — such as measures of asthma cases and gun injuries in neighborhoods \u003cem>around\u003c/em> the school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We’ve consistently found,\" said John Kim, executive director of the Advancement Project of California, \"that asthma severity and non-fatal gunshot injuries are the best proxy predictors for additional trauma and additional health burdens that these students face.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly 100 student and parent supporters from organizing groups like Inner City Struggle and the Community Coalition of South L.A. packed the meeting, waving signs and pounding drums just outside, urging board members to proceed with the rewrite.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'We’ve consistently found that asthma severity and non-fatal gunshot injuries are the best proxy predictors for additional trauma and additional health burdens that these students face.'\u003ccite>John Kim, Advancement Project of California\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\"It's just really dope,\" said Edna Chavez, a senior at Manual Arts High School, who emerged exuberant from Tuesday's meeting. Chavez is also a student leader in the Community Coalition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This was really important,\" Chavez added, \"not only for me, but for my peers and for many students across LAUSD.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in the sea of SENI 2.0 supporters, another group of more skeptical parents held firm. They contend that within L.A. Unified — a district in which nearly nine out of every 10 students qualifies as low-income — it's not possible to take funds away from even a relatively well-off school without harming services for needy students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rachel Greene, a former chair of L.A. Unified's Parent Advisory Committee, said the last time that group studied a similar proposal, \"there were concerns about robbing Peter to pay Paul.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is the issue, again, of adequacy,\" added Greene, referring to California's near-worst-in-the-nation levels of per-pupil funding. \"If the energy that you’re about to hear would also be redirected toward a [\u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/news/politics-government/capitol-alert/article198755304.html\">proposed increase in commercial property taxes\u003c/a>], we would be talking about something real. Instead, what we’re talking about is shifting deck chairs while we try to maneuver away from icebergs.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11661373\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11661373\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/MonicaGarcia-800x552.jpg\" alt=\"Los Angeles Unified School Board President Mónica García addresses a crowd of students and parents from Inner City Struggle and the Community Coalition of South L.A. The group gathered on Tuesday, April 10, 2018, to support García's resolution to re-write the district's "Student Equity Needs Index."\" width=\"800\" height=\"552\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/MonicaGarcia-800x552.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/MonicaGarcia-160x110.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/MonicaGarcia-1020x704.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/MonicaGarcia-960x663.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/MonicaGarcia-240x166.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/MonicaGarcia-375x259.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/MonicaGarcia-520x359.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/MonicaGarcia.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Los Angeles Unified School Board President Mónica García addresses a crowd of students and parents from Inner City Struggle and the Community Coalition of South L.A. The group gathered on April 10, 2018, to support García's resolution to rewrite the district's Student Equity Needs Index. \u003ccite>(Kyle Stokes/KPCC)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Parents also objected to the timing of the board's vote. Initially, the board was supposed to vote on the index in May. But at 4:45 p.m. Monday afternoon, the L.A. Unified board posted notice that it would vote on the new equity index 24 hours later. Even supporters deeply involved in the process were surprised. On a press call just after 5:30 p.m. Monday, supporters expressed surprise to learn the item had been scheduled for a vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is a very surreptitious way of doing business whereby you trying to hide from something perhaps you don’t want us to know,\" said Roberto Fonseca, a member of L.A. Unified's Parent Advisory Committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The activist groups can't walk away completely satisfied either. As much as they wanted a rewritten Student Needs Equity Index, they also wanted to push the L.A. Unified board to put more money behind that index.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now, L.A. Unified officials say they distribute more than $240 million based on its old Student Equity Needs Index. (One report from the Partnership for L.A. Schools suggests \u003ca href=\"https://partnershipla.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/StudentNeedIndex_18_final.pdf\">the amount linked to that index is actually much less\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Initially, school board president Mónica García proposed bringing in SENI 2.0 with a big budget splash, committing another $100 million in new funding for its rollout next school year — and yet another $300 million in new funding the year after that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But other board members balked at that high investment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a flurry of last-minute amendments, the L.A. Unified board decided to scrounge up only $25 million in 2018-19 based on SENI 2.0 metrics like asthma rates, gunshot injuries and test scores. The rest of the money will be distributed to schools based on the old index.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then, in the year after next, SENI 2.0 would be used to divide up a larger pot of money — about $263 million in 2019-20, according to chief financial officer Scott Price — but in total, still not much more than the district says it currently distributes based on the index.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm Mónica García — I always want more,\" the board member said lightheartedly after the meeting. \"And yes, we could've done more, but it was so important to move. ... It's a first step in correcting or addressing the absence of an equity needs index systemwide.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>L.A. Unified officials argue that, in terms of the amount of funds the district has discretion in spending, the equity index is a significant program. It accounts for roughly one-fifth of the $1.1 billion in \"supplemental and concentration\" funds from the state -- funds the district has the greatest flexibility in spending to benefit high-needs students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, UC Berkeley professor Bruce Fuller — who has collaborated with some of the activist groups in the past — noted the district's overall budget stands at more than $7 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Bottom-line,\" Fuller wrote in an email Tuesday morning, the new index \"could boost the district's progress in raising achievement in the most disadvantaged neighborhoods. But it would still apply to a tiny fraction of the district's overall budget.\"\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"It’s an attempt by L.A. Unified to use metrics that more vividly illustrate the level of student need in a given school, in order to target funding more carefully.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1523484346,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":29,"wordCount":1266},"headData":{"title":"LAUSD Will Base Some School Spending on Neighborhood Shootings, Asthma Rates | KQED","description":"It’s an attempt by L.A. Unified to use metrics that more vividly illustrate the level of student need in a given school, in order to target funding more carefully.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"LAUSD Will Base Some School Spending on Neighborhood Shootings, Asthma Rates","datePublished":"2018-04-11T19:36:58.000Z","dateModified":"2018-04-11T22:05:46.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"11661369 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11661369","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2018/04/11/lausd-will-base-some-school-spending-on-neighborhood-shootings-asthma-rates/","disqusTitle":"LAUSD Will Base Some School Spending on Neighborhood Shootings, Asthma Rates","source":"KPCC","sourceUrl":"http://www.scpr.org/","nprByline":"\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/about/people/staff/kyle-stokes\">Kyle Stokes\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>","path":"/news/11661369/lausd-will-base-some-school-spending-on-neighborhood-shootings-asthma-rates","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Starting next year, Los Angeles Unified School District officials will consider asthma rates and injuries from gun violence in neighborhoods near its campuses to help decide which district schools are most in need of extra funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those are among nearly a dozen new factors L.A. Unified officials will use to rank schools by their level of student need. Among the new metrics: graduation rates, test scores, how many fights a school sees and even how well incoming students fared academically in their old schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The L.A. Unified School Board voted unanimously Tuesday night to add these factors and others to its Student Equity Needs Index (SENI), a formula it has used to divvy up a relatively small portion of its overall budget to around 780 schools across the district since 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rewritten index — \"SENI 2.0,\" as its backers called it — still takes into account whether a school serves high numbers of low-income students, foster youth and English learners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those three groups of students all generate extra funding for L.A. Unified under California's school funding law — and that law nominally requires districts to use that extra funding to pay for new services for those students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the vast majority of L.A. Unified students fit into at least one of these three groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For years, activist groups — most of them from South and East L.A. — have sought a rewrite to the district's formula, saying L.A. Unified officials need to meaningfully differentiate needy schools from the needi\u003cem>est\u003c/em> schools, and target funding to those schools more carefully. (One group even \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2016/06/06/61320/state-l-a-unified-shortchanging-funding-for-high-n/\">sued\u003c/a> the district over concerns the neediest students were being shortchanged; \u003ca href=\"https://www.scpr.org/news/2017/09/14/75626/lausd-settles-legal-case-that-cut-to-the-core-of-h/\">the case was recently settled\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hence the desire to include new metrics that might illustrate more vividly the level of student need in a school — such as measures of asthma cases and gun injuries in neighborhoods \u003cem>around\u003c/em> the school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We’ve consistently found,\" said John Kim, executive director of the Advancement Project of California, \"that asthma severity and non-fatal gunshot injuries are the best proxy predictors for additional trauma and additional health burdens that these students face.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly 100 student and parent supporters from organizing groups like Inner City Struggle and the Community Coalition of South L.A. packed the meeting, waving signs and pounding drums just outside, urging board members to proceed with the rewrite.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'We’ve consistently found that asthma severity and non-fatal gunshot injuries are the best proxy predictors for additional trauma and additional health burdens that these students face.'\u003ccite>John Kim, Advancement Project of California\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\"It's just really dope,\" said Edna Chavez, a senior at Manual Arts High School, who emerged exuberant from Tuesday's meeting. Chavez is also a student leader in the Community Coalition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This was really important,\" Chavez added, \"not only for me, but for my peers and for many students across LAUSD.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in the sea of SENI 2.0 supporters, another group of more skeptical parents held firm. They contend that within L.A. Unified — a district in which nearly nine out of every 10 students qualifies as low-income — it's not possible to take funds away from even a relatively well-off school without harming services for needy students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rachel Greene, a former chair of L.A. Unified's Parent Advisory Committee, said the last time that group studied a similar proposal, \"there were concerns about robbing Peter to pay Paul.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is the issue, again, of adequacy,\" added Greene, referring to California's near-worst-in-the-nation levels of per-pupil funding. \"If the energy that you’re about to hear would also be redirected toward a [\u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/news/politics-government/capitol-alert/article198755304.html\">proposed increase in commercial property taxes\u003c/a>], we would be talking about something real. Instead, what we’re talking about is shifting deck chairs while we try to maneuver away from icebergs.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11661373\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11661373\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/MonicaGarcia-800x552.jpg\" alt=\"Los Angeles Unified School Board President Mónica García addresses a crowd of students and parents from Inner City Struggle and the Community Coalition of South L.A. The group gathered on Tuesday, April 10, 2018, to support García's resolution to re-write the district's "Student Equity Needs Index."\" width=\"800\" height=\"552\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/MonicaGarcia-800x552.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/MonicaGarcia-160x110.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/MonicaGarcia-1020x704.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/MonicaGarcia-960x663.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/MonicaGarcia-240x166.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/MonicaGarcia-375x259.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/MonicaGarcia-520x359.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/MonicaGarcia.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Los Angeles Unified School Board President Mónica García addresses a crowd of students and parents from Inner City Struggle and the Community Coalition of South L.A. The group gathered on April 10, 2018, to support García's resolution to rewrite the district's Student Equity Needs Index. \u003ccite>(Kyle Stokes/KPCC)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Parents also objected to the timing of the board's vote. Initially, the board was supposed to vote on the index in May. But at 4:45 p.m. Monday afternoon, the L.A. Unified board posted notice that it would vote on the new equity index 24 hours later. Even supporters deeply involved in the process were surprised. On a press call just after 5:30 p.m. Monday, supporters expressed surprise to learn the item had been scheduled for a vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is a very surreptitious way of doing business whereby you trying to hide from something perhaps you don’t want us to know,\" said Roberto Fonseca, a member of L.A. Unified's Parent Advisory Committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The activist groups can't walk away completely satisfied either. As much as they wanted a rewritten Student Needs Equity Index, they also wanted to push the L.A. Unified board to put more money behind that index.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now, L.A. Unified officials say they distribute more than $240 million based on its old Student Equity Needs Index. (One report from the Partnership for L.A. Schools suggests \u003ca href=\"https://partnershipla.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/StudentNeedIndex_18_final.pdf\">the amount linked to that index is actually much less\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Initially, school board president Mónica García proposed bringing in SENI 2.0 with a big budget splash, committing another $100 million in new funding for its rollout next school year — and yet another $300 million in new funding the year after that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But other board members balked at that high investment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a flurry of last-minute amendments, the L.A. Unified board decided to scrounge up only $25 million in 2018-19 based on SENI 2.0 metrics like asthma rates, gunshot injuries and test scores. The rest of the money will be distributed to schools based on the old index.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then, in the year after next, SENI 2.0 would be used to divide up a larger pot of money — about $263 million in 2019-20, according to chief financial officer Scott Price — but in total, still not much more than the district says it currently distributes based on the index.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm Mónica García — I always want more,\" the board member said lightheartedly after the meeting. \"And yes, we could've done more, but it was so important to move. ... It's a first step in correcting or addressing the absence of an equity needs index systemwide.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>L.A. Unified officials argue that, in terms of the amount of funds the district has discretion in spending, the equity index is a significant program. It accounts for roughly one-fifth of the $1.1 billion in \"supplemental and concentration\" funds from the state -- funds the district has the greatest flexibility in spending to benefit high-needs students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, UC Berkeley professor Bruce Fuller — who has collaborated with some of the activist groups in the past — noted the district's overall budget stands at more than $7 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Bottom-line,\" Fuller wrote in an email Tuesday morning, the new index \"could boost the district's progress in raising achievement in the most disadvantaged neighborhoods. But it would still apply to a tiny fraction of the district's overall budget.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11661369/lausd-will-base-some-school-spending-on-neighborhood-shootings-asthma-rates","authors":["byline_news_11661369"],"programs":["news_72"],"categories":["news_18540","news_457","news_8"],"tags":["news_18145","news_18246","news_18969","news_4","news_1585","news_4961","news_2998"],"affiliates":["news_7055"],"featImg":"news_11661371","label":"source_news_11661369"},"news_11276904":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11276904","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11276904","score":null,"sort":[1485458317000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"is-air-quality-in-the-bay-area-getting-worse","title":"Is Air Quality in the Bay Area Getting Worse?","publishDate":1485458317,"format":"audio","headTitle":"Is Air Quality in the Bay Area Getting Worse? | KQED","labelTerm":{"term":33523,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>Jenny Wread is one of several KQED listeners who wanted to know more about air quality in the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last summer, she was commuting regularly between Marin and the East Bay and noticed a lot of smog.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So she contacted Bay Curious, and we met up for a stroll in Berkeley recently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11285053\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11285053\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/Jenny_AirQualityQA-1020x1099.jpeg\" alt=\"Question-asker Jenny Wread with her children.\" width=\"300\" height=\"323\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/Jenny_AirQualityQA-1020x1099.jpeg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/Jenny_AirQualityQA-160x172.jpeg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/Jenny_AirQualityQA-800x862.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/Jenny_AirQualityQA-1920x2069.jpeg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/Jenny_AirQualityQA-1180x1271.jpeg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/Jenny_AirQualityQA-960x1034.jpeg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/Jenny_AirQualityQA-240x259.jpeg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/Jenny_AirQualityQA-375x404.jpeg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/Jenny_AirQualityQA-520x560.jpeg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Question-asker Jenny Wread with her children. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Jenny Wread)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Look at the trees,” she said. “They don’t look green. It’s like looking through a dirty window. Everything’s gray!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wread’s hypothesis: “My guess is that there’s just a lot more cars on the road and the air quality has gotten worse.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>How do we measure air quality?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>We took Wread’s concern to the experts. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.baaqmd.gov/\">Bay Area Air Quality Management District\u003c/a> is the agency that monitors our air. Eric Stevenson oversees the agency’s monitoring network of 35 stations. He says there’s at least one station in each Bay Area county.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The measuring posts are in city centers and rural spots, to get a range of data. Stevenson says there are also monitoring stations near industrial pollution sources like refineries, power plants and ports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The stations can look like mini trailers by the side of the road or probes on the tops of buildings. They’re made to be pretty unobtrusive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’re continually taking measurements of various pollutants. The Environmental Protection Agency requires monitoring of six so-called criteria pollutants: carbon monoxide, lead, ozone, particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11284899\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 457px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11284899 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/air-monitoring-station.jpg\" alt=\"Example of an air monitoring station. The Air District runs a network of 35 stations throughout the Bay Area.\" width=\"457\" height=\"640\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/air-monitoring-station.jpg 457w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/air-monitoring-station-160x224.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/air-monitoring-station-240x336.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/air-monitoring-station-375x525.jpg 375w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 457px) 100vw, 457px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An air monitoring station. The Bay Area Air Quality Management District runs a network of 35 stations throughout the Bay Area. \u003ccite>(Bay Area Air Quality Management District)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The two most harmful to human health are ozone and particulate matter called PM2.5 (which includes all particulate matter 2.5 micrometers or smaller).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ozone comes from cars, power plants and refineries, when emissions react with sunlight. It’s a bigger problem in the summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Particulate matter comes from emissions and from burning things. It could originate from industrial sources like a power plant or even a cozy fire in your fireplace. Particulate matter is more of a wintertime concern.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When we talk about air quality, we’re talking about concentrations of these pollutants.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>How dirty is it?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>It turns out that the air in the Bay Area is among the cleanest in the nation for a metropolitan area of its size.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stevenson at BAAQMD says air pollution in the Bay Area has been decreasing over time, and is way down since the 1960s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.vitalsigns.mtc.ca.gov/ozone-concentrations\">Average ozone levels\u003c/a> in the Bay Area have dropped by more than a third from their peak in the 1970s. \u003ca href=\"http://www.vitalsigns.mtc.ca.gov/particulate-concentrations\">Particulate matter concentration\u003c/a> has dropped almost 40 percent since the air district started measuring it in 2000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriouspodcastinfo]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stevenson said the biggest reason for the improvement is stricter regulations on emissions from cars and industrial sources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The California Air Resources Board has authority over cars and they set very strict limits,” he said. “Cars now are significantly cleaner than the ’70s and ’80s. That has really helped improve air quality.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Clean Air Act allows California to set stricter standards than the federal government on emissions from cars. Good to note: The state needs a waiver from the EPA to set the stricter threshold, and different administrations have differed on whether to allow it. Some are worried that \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/01/10/trump-congress-could-halt-state-action-on-climate/\">it may be\u003c/a> halted under a Trump administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What about Spare the Air alerts?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Wread was convinced the air was dirtier in the Bay Area because she was hearing more Spare the Air alerts. The air district issues alerts when it appears that pollution levels will exceed national standards for safety. The idea is to get people to drive less and not put more pollution into the air by, say, burning stuff. KQED and other stations broadcast these alerts as a public service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether people follow the advice is \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/05/27/do-people-drive-less-on-spare-the-air-days/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">another story\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It used to be just in the summertime, a couple of days. Now you get them in the winter and all summer long,” Wread said. “It’s like year-round now!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On this, Wread is correct. The air district called 27 Spare the Air days in the summer of 2016, which is \u003ca href=\"http://sparetheair.org/stay-informed/ozone/ozone-box-scores\">three times as many as the previous \u003c/a>summer and significantly higher than any year since 1996, which had 25 alerts. (Wintertime alerts are \u003ca href=\"http://sparetheair.org/stay-informed/particulate-matter/pm-box-scores\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">tracked separately\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Does that necessarily mean that air quality is worse? It turns out, no. And here’s why.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Air Quality Management District says the actual reason there are more Spare the Air alerts now is because in 2015 the Environmental Protection Agency tightened the standards for ozone levels from 75 parts per billion to 70 parts per billion. The air district had to call more alerts to meet the new standard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So while Wread’s logic was sound, the data she was using had shifted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[bapopgrowth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Air inequality\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>While air quality has improved overall in the Bay Area, not everyone is breathing the same air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>West Oakland and Bayview-Hunters Point in San Francisco are two hot spots that are more polluted because they’re near major sources of pollution like ports and freeways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John Balmes of UC San Francisco and UC Berkeley says neighborhoods that are more polluted often have some things in common.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They tend to be in communities of color with lower socioeconomic status where there’s lots of stuff going on, typically more freeways, power plants, refineries and other kinds of transportation corridors,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Balmes says these communities are at greater risk for health problems like \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/tag/asthma/\">asthma\u003c/a> and heart conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite this inequity, there is a silver lining. All over the Bay Area, air quality is getting better. Balmes says that partly we can thank stricter rules on heavy-duty diesel trucks that often operate near industrial sources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s still a disparity,” he says, “But everywhere has gotten better.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What about L.A.?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Whether it’s a baseball game or good food or average ozone levels, Bay Area locals love to beat L.A.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, how does our air compare? Well, L.A. is, literally, the worst.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousbug]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, bragging rights might not really be earned here, because Stevenson says a lot of it has to do with factors beyond our control.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The L.A. basin is kind of a bowl,” he says. “And it’s hot and so that forms ozone. We can’t blame it all on them. They would have these problems even if people didn’t live there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area, on the other hand, is pretty fortunate when it comes to how topography affects air quality. Strong winds called prevailing westerlies push dirty air east all the way to the Sierra. Many argue that pollution from the Bay Area (\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/03/31/is-pollution-from-asia-making-the-central-valleys-bad-air-even-worse/\">and maybe Asia\u003c/a>) contributes to poor air quality in the inland San Joaquin Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, for now Bay Area residents, you can breathe a sigh of relief and know it was a relatively clean one.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"There were 27 Spare the Air alerts last summer. But our air quality is actually looking up.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1700598467,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":44,"wordCount":1280},"headData":{"title":"Is Air Quality in the Bay Area Getting Worse? | KQED","description":"There were 27 Spare the Air alerts last summer. But our air quality is actually looking up.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Is Air Quality in the Bay Area Getting Worse?","datePublished":"2017-01-26T19:18:37.000Z","dateModified":"2023-11-21T20:27:47.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/bay-curious/2017/01/air-quality.mp3","guestFields":"0","path":"/news/11276904/is-air-quality-in-the-bay-area-getting-worse","audioDuration":467000,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Jenny Wread is one of several KQED listeners who wanted to know more about air quality in the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last summer, she was commuting regularly between Marin and the East Bay and noticed a lot of smog.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So she contacted Bay Curious, and we met up for a stroll in Berkeley recently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11285053\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11285053\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/Jenny_AirQualityQA-1020x1099.jpeg\" alt=\"Question-asker Jenny Wread with her children.\" width=\"300\" height=\"323\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/Jenny_AirQualityQA-1020x1099.jpeg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/Jenny_AirQualityQA-160x172.jpeg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/Jenny_AirQualityQA-800x862.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/Jenny_AirQualityQA-1920x2069.jpeg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/Jenny_AirQualityQA-1180x1271.jpeg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/Jenny_AirQualityQA-960x1034.jpeg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/Jenny_AirQualityQA-240x259.jpeg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/Jenny_AirQualityQA-375x404.jpeg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/Jenny_AirQualityQA-520x560.jpeg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Question-asker Jenny Wread with her children. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Jenny Wread)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Look at the trees,” she said. “They don’t look green. It’s like looking through a dirty window. Everything’s gray!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wread’s hypothesis: “My guess is that there’s just a lot more cars on the road and the air quality has gotten worse.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>How do we measure air quality?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>We took Wread’s concern to the experts. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.baaqmd.gov/\">Bay Area Air Quality Management District\u003c/a> is the agency that monitors our air. Eric Stevenson oversees the agency’s monitoring network of 35 stations. He says there’s at least one station in each Bay Area county.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The measuring posts are in city centers and rural spots, to get a range of data. Stevenson says there are also monitoring stations near industrial pollution sources like refineries, power plants and ports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The stations can look like mini trailers by the side of the road or probes on the tops of buildings. They’re made to be pretty unobtrusive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’re continually taking measurements of various pollutants. The Environmental Protection Agency requires monitoring of six so-called criteria pollutants: carbon monoxide, lead, ozone, particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11284899\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 457px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11284899 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/air-monitoring-station.jpg\" alt=\"Example of an air monitoring station. The Air District runs a network of 35 stations throughout the Bay Area.\" width=\"457\" height=\"640\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/air-monitoring-station.jpg 457w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/air-monitoring-station-160x224.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/air-monitoring-station-240x336.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/air-monitoring-station-375x525.jpg 375w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 457px) 100vw, 457px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An air monitoring station. The Bay Area Air Quality Management District runs a network of 35 stations throughout the Bay Area. \u003ccite>(Bay Area Air Quality Management District)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The two most harmful to human health are ozone and particulate matter called PM2.5 (which includes all particulate matter 2.5 micrometers or smaller).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ozone comes from cars, power plants and refineries, when emissions react with sunlight. It’s a bigger problem in the summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Particulate matter comes from emissions and from burning things. It could originate from industrial sources like a power plant or even a cozy fire in your fireplace. Particulate matter is more of a wintertime concern.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When we talk about air quality, we’re talking about concentrations of these pollutants.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>How dirty is it?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>It turns out that the air in the Bay Area is among the cleanest in the nation for a metropolitan area of its size.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stevenson at BAAQMD says air pollution in the Bay Area has been decreasing over time, and is way down since the 1960s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.vitalsigns.mtc.ca.gov/ozone-concentrations\">Average ozone levels\u003c/a> in the Bay Area have dropped by more than a third from their peak in the 1970s. \u003ca href=\"http://www.vitalsigns.mtc.ca.gov/particulate-concentrations\">Particulate matter concentration\u003c/a> has dropped almost 40 percent since the air district started measuring it in 2000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" />\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\n Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>,\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast platform.\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stevenson said the biggest reason for the improvement is stricter regulations on emissions from cars and industrial sources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The California Air Resources Board has authority over cars and they set very strict limits,” he said. “Cars now are significantly cleaner than the ’70s and ’80s. That has really helped improve air quality.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Clean Air Act allows California to set stricter standards than the federal government on emissions from cars. Good to note: The state needs a waiver from the EPA to set the stricter threshold, and different administrations have differed on whether to allow it. Some are worried that \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/01/10/trump-congress-could-halt-state-action-on-climate/\">it may be\u003c/a> halted under a Trump administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What about Spare the Air alerts?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Wread was convinced the air was dirtier in the Bay Area because she was hearing more Spare the Air alerts. The air district issues alerts when it appears that pollution levels will exceed national standards for safety. The idea is to get people to drive less and not put more pollution into the air by, say, burning stuff. KQED and other stations broadcast these alerts as a public service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether people follow the advice is \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/05/27/do-people-drive-less-on-spare-the-air-days/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">another story\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It used to be just in the summertime, a couple of days. Now you get them in the winter and all summer long,” Wread said. “It’s like year-round now!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On this, Wread is correct. The air district called 27 Spare the Air days in the summer of 2016, which is \u003ca href=\"http://sparetheair.org/stay-informed/ozone/ozone-box-scores\">three times as many as the previous \u003c/a>summer and significantly higher than any year since 1996, which had 25 alerts. (Wintertime alerts are \u003ca href=\"http://sparetheair.org/stay-informed/particulate-matter/pm-box-scores\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">tracked separately\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Does that necessarily mean that air quality is worse? It turns out, no. And here’s why.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Air Quality Management District says the actual reason there are more Spare the Air alerts now is because in 2015 the Environmental Protection Agency tightened the standards for ozone levels from 75 parts per billion to 70 parts per billion. The air district had to call more alerts to meet the new standard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So while Wread’s logic was sound, the data she was using had shifted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[bapopgrowth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Air inequality\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>While air quality has improved overall in the Bay Area, not everyone is breathing the same air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>West Oakland and Bayview-Hunters Point in San Francisco are two hot spots that are more polluted because they’re near major sources of pollution like ports and freeways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John Balmes of UC San Francisco and UC Berkeley says neighborhoods that are more polluted often have some things in common.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They tend to be in communities of color with lower socioeconomic status where there’s lots of stuff going on, typically more freeways, power plants, refineries and other kinds of transportation corridors,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Balmes says these communities are at greater risk for health problems like \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/tag/asthma/\">asthma\u003c/a> and heart conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite this inequity, there is a silver lining. All over the Bay Area, air quality is getting better. Balmes says that partly we can thank stricter rules on heavy-duty diesel trucks that often operate near industrial sources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s still a disparity,” he says, “But everywhere has gotten better.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What about L.A.?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Whether it’s a baseball game or good food or average ozone levels, Bay Area locals love to beat L.A.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, how does our air compare? Well, L.A. is, literally, the worst.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" />\n What do you wonder about the Bay Area, its culture or people that you want KQED to investigate?\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Ask Bay Curious.\u003c/a>\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, bragging rights might not really be earned here, because Stevenson says a lot of it has to do with factors beyond our control.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The L.A. basin is kind of a bowl,” he says. “And it’s hot and so that forms ozone. We can’t blame it all on them. They would have these problems even if people didn’t live there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area, on the other hand, is pretty fortunate when it comes to how topography affects air quality. Strong winds called prevailing westerlies push dirty air east all the way to the Sierra. Many argue that pollution from the Bay Area (\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/03/31/is-pollution-from-asia-making-the-central-valleys-bad-air-even-worse/\">and maybe Asia\u003c/a>) contributes to poor air quality in the inland San Joaquin Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, for now Bay Area residents, you can breathe a sigh of relief and know it was a relatively clean one.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11276904/is-air-quality-in-the-bay-area-getting-worse","authors":["11273"],"programs":["news_6944","news_33523"],"series":["news_17986"],"categories":["news_19906","news_457","news_8","news_33520","news_356"],"tags":["news_2928","news_18145","news_2940","news_20419"],"featImg":"news_11283357","label":"news_33523"},"news_11049104":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11049104","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11049104","score":null,"sort":[1471044641000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"california-wheezing-spike-in-ozone-levels-causing-breathing-problems","title":"California Wheezing: Spike In Ozone Levels Causing Breathing Problems","publishDate":1471044641,"format":"image","headTitle":"The California Report | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":72,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>LOS ANGELES — Southern California sunshine means sparkling beach weather, but this summer it's contributing to a return of a traditional nemesis: smog.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The enormous region that stretches from the Pacific Ocean to the Mojave Desert is having its worst summer air quality since 2009, regulators said Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Huge wildfires have fouled the air with ash and soot in some localized areas, but the big problem is seasonal ozone. The emissions from cars, refineries and other sources react to sunshine to produce a lung-stinging pollutant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although the air is nowhere near as foul as in the bad old days of the 1970s, when skies were a miasmic yellow or brown, ozone levels continue to exceed federal standards, and hospitals in the smoggiest areas report an uptick in asthma patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past two or three months, there has been a 30 percent spike in the number of people with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease seeking help for breathing difficulties, Dr. Laren Tan said. He directs Loma Linda University Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease & Asthma Network Clinic, located at Loma Linda University Medical Center east of Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They're having to use their rescue inhalers more, they're having to use their rescue steroids more, and they've actually had to go to urgent care,\" Tan said. \"It's very worrisome especially if our air quality continues to worsen.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Southern California's ozone season runs from May to October.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>June saw only four days of air quality that didn't exceed federal ozone standards; July had just one day and so far August hasn't had a single day of good air, according to the South Coast Air Quality Management District, the smog control agency for all or portions of Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside and San Bernardino counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ozone level peaked on July 22 at 164 parts per billion at Crestline in the San Bernardino Mountains — more than twice the federal limit of 70 parts per billion. It was the worst day of ozone smog since 2009.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of Wednesday, there had been 93 days this year when ozone levels exceeded federal standards — compared with 69 last year over the same period — and the tally could hit 100 days before summer ends, AQMD spokesman Sam Atwood said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tim Aslin, a 37-year-old feature film writer who lives in Los Angeles, says he can feel it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I get pretty bad allergies, like respiratory allergies, and I notice it more in my sinuses,\" he said. \"I'm quite congested.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jesse Hoffman, a 27-year-old skin care consultant, moved to Los Angeles from San Francisco three years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's dusty, dry and uncomfortable,\" he said. \"My breathing changed a lot after moving here, particularly in the first six months, I really thought that there was something a lot more wrong with me than there was.I think it just took time for my body to get used to L.A.'s air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I hike a lot and I can definitely see the smog,\" he said. \"On bad days you can see a layer of smog over the city.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Weather is the big factor in summer pollution. Hot, stagnant air can trap the smog under an inversion layer, and Southern California has seen episodes of record-breaking heat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because of wind patterns, a lot of that smog is swept to the mountains north and east of the Los Angeles metropolitan area, reacting with sunlight along the way and winding up inland, Atwood said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In June and July, Dignity Health Community Hospital of San Bernardino probably saw a 15 percent rise in the number of people coming to the emergency room with respiratory problems, said Dr. Cameron Nouri, medical director of emergency services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The conditions ranged from mild asthma to people needing mechanical breathing aid, with the most serious conditions \"at both extremes of age, very young and very old,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People with pre-existing respiratory problems are most vulnerable, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nouri recommended that people stay indoors and ease off exercise on extremely hot or polluted days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even at its worst, however, Southern California's air is cleaner than it was in previous decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the surge in population and the economy, the number of days that the region had unhealthy air has declined by about two-thirds over the past four decades, according to the AQMD.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The peak ozone level in 1979 was 450 parts per billion, and that year saw 234 days of unhealthy ozone levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So, basically, every day except when it was raining or windy or cold,\" Atwood said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even 20 years ago, Atwood said, summertime meant days and days when \"almost everybody\" coped with watery eyes, tight chests and coughing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Atwood himself remembers when downtown Los Angeles might huddle under an opaque shroud.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We can see the mountains on many days in the summer,\" he said. \"Previously, residents might move here in the summer and not realize until the winter that they actually had a view of the mountains from their backyards.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Associated Press writer Delara Shakib in Los Angeles contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Southern California is having its smoggiest summer since 2009.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1471045272,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":31,"wordCount":866},"headData":{"title":"California Wheezing: Spike In Ozone Levels Causing Breathing Problems | KQED","description":"Southern California is having its smoggiest summer since 2009.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"California Wheezing: Spike In Ozone Levels Causing Breathing Problems","datePublished":"2016-08-12T23:30:41.000Z","dateModified":"2016-08-12T23:41:12.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"11049104 http://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11049104","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/08/12/california-wheezing-spike-in-ozone-levels-causing-breathing-problems/","disqusTitle":"California Wheezing: Spike In Ozone Levels Causing Breathing Problems","nprByline":"Robert Jablon\u003cbr>Associated Press","path":"/news/11049104/california-wheezing-spike-in-ozone-levels-causing-breathing-problems","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>LOS ANGELES — Southern California sunshine means sparkling beach weather, but this summer it's contributing to a return of a traditional nemesis: smog.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The enormous region that stretches from the Pacific Ocean to the Mojave Desert is having its worst summer air quality since 2009, regulators said Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Huge wildfires have fouled the air with ash and soot in some localized areas, but the big problem is seasonal ozone. The emissions from cars, refineries and other sources react to sunshine to produce a lung-stinging pollutant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although the air is nowhere near as foul as in the bad old days of the 1970s, when skies were a miasmic yellow or brown, ozone levels continue to exceed federal standards, and hospitals in the smoggiest areas report an uptick in asthma patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past two or three months, there has been a 30 percent spike in the number of people with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease seeking help for breathing difficulties, Dr. Laren Tan said. He directs Loma Linda University Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease & Asthma Network Clinic, located at Loma Linda University Medical Center east of Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They're having to use their rescue inhalers more, they're having to use their rescue steroids more, and they've actually had to go to urgent care,\" Tan said. \"It's very worrisome especially if our air quality continues to worsen.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Southern California's ozone season runs from May to October.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>June saw only four days of air quality that didn't exceed federal ozone standards; July had just one day and so far August hasn't had a single day of good air, according to the South Coast Air Quality Management District, the smog control agency for all or portions of Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside and San Bernardino counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ozone level peaked on July 22 at 164 parts per billion at Crestline in the San Bernardino Mountains — more than twice the federal limit of 70 parts per billion. It was the worst day of ozone smog since 2009.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of Wednesday, there had been 93 days this year when ozone levels exceeded federal standards — compared with 69 last year over the same period — and the tally could hit 100 days before summer ends, AQMD spokesman Sam Atwood said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tim Aslin, a 37-year-old feature film writer who lives in Los Angeles, says he can feel it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I get pretty bad allergies, like respiratory allergies, and I notice it more in my sinuses,\" he said. \"I'm quite congested.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jesse Hoffman, a 27-year-old skin care consultant, moved to Los Angeles from San Francisco three years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's dusty, dry and uncomfortable,\" he said. \"My breathing changed a lot after moving here, particularly in the first six months, I really thought that there was something a lot more wrong with me than there was.I think it just took time for my body to get used to L.A.'s air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I hike a lot and I can definitely see the smog,\" he said. \"On bad days you can see a layer of smog over the city.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Weather is the big factor in summer pollution. Hot, stagnant air can trap the smog under an inversion layer, and Southern California has seen episodes of record-breaking heat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because of wind patterns, a lot of that smog is swept to the mountains north and east of the Los Angeles metropolitan area, reacting with sunlight along the way and winding up inland, Atwood said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In June and July, Dignity Health Community Hospital of San Bernardino probably saw a 15 percent rise in the number of people coming to the emergency room with respiratory problems, said Dr. Cameron Nouri, medical director of emergency services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The conditions ranged from mild asthma to people needing mechanical breathing aid, with the most serious conditions \"at both extremes of age, very young and very old,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People with pre-existing respiratory problems are most vulnerable, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nouri recommended that people stay indoors and ease off exercise on extremely hot or polluted days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even at its worst, however, Southern California's air is cleaner than it was in previous decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the surge in population and the economy, the number of days that the region had unhealthy air has declined by about two-thirds over the past four decades, according to the AQMD.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The peak ozone level in 1979 was 450 parts per billion, and that year saw 234 days of unhealthy ozone levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So, basically, every day except when it was raining or windy or cold,\" Atwood said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even 20 years ago, Atwood said, summertime meant days and days when \"almost everybody\" coped with watery eyes, tight chests and coughing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Atwood himself remembers when downtown Los Angeles might huddle under an opaque shroud.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We can see the mountains on many days in the summer,\" he said. \"Previously, residents might move here in the summer and not realize until the winter that they actually had a view of the mountains from their backyards.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Associated Press writer Delara Shakib in Los Angeles contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11049104/california-wheezing-spike-in-ozone-levels-causing-breathing-problems","authors":["byline_news_11049104"],"programs":["news_72"],"categories":["news_19906","news_457","news_8","news_356"],"tags":["news_18145","news_18355"],"featImg":"news_11049128","label":"news_72"},"futureofyou_175839":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_175839","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"175839","score":null,"sort":[1465228852000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"could-more-diverse-studies-reduce-health-disparities","title":"Blacks Die From Asthma at Steep Rates, But Are Absent From Many Studies","publishDate":1465228852,"format":"audio","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"futureofyou"},"content":"\u003cp>Zunika Crenshaw cringes as a tire swing whips her children around in circles just a little too fast. It's a sunny afternoon in the park, in the East Bay town of Pleasanton. As her children play, she keeps a close watch on their breathing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says asthma is in her genes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have a family, a person who has four kids, and all of them have it, including me,\" she says. \"And then my mom has it, and my sister’s two kids.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A little girl -- 3-year-old Jhase -- runs over to her, wheezing. Crenshaw grabs an inhaler, and her daughter breathes deeply from it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Perfect!” says Jhase. She lays her head against her mother’s chest, then runs back to her brothers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_175958\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 4032px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-175958 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/06/IMG_0391.jpg\" alt=\"The Crenshaw family at a park in Pleasanton, CA. Everyone in the family struggles with allergies or asthma. \" width=\"4032\" height=\"3024\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/06/IMG_0391.jpg 4032w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/06/IMG_0391-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/06/IMG_0391-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/06/IMG_0391-768x576.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/06/IMG_0391-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/06/IMG_0391-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/06/IMG_0391-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 4032px) 100vw, 4032px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Zunika Crenshaw packs her purse full of asthma and allergy medications for all her kids when they come to the park near their house in Pleasanton. \u003ccite>(Lesley McClurg/ KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Crenshaw drops the inhaler in a pile of medications in her purse. She points to various pill bottles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Zyrtec, and this is ClariSpray. And there’s albuterol and Dulera.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are more drugs at home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asthma Hits Black Children Harder\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asthma is the \u003ca href=\"http://www.who.int/respiratory/asthma/en/\" target=\"_blank\">leading\u003c/a> chronic disease among children, but it hits \u003ca href=\"http://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/omh/browse.aspx?lvl=4&lvlID=15\" target=\"_blank\">some populations harder\u003c/a> than others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the federal \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/asthma/most_recent_data.htm\" target=\"_blank\">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention\u003c/a>, black children are twice as likely to have asthma as white children. And black children are 10 times more likely than white kids to die of complications from asthma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A team of UCSF scientists is on a mission to understand why. The researchers are digging into genetic clues that may have been overlooked until now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe id=\"datawrapper-chart-17wUy\" src=\"//datawrapper.dwcdn.net/17wUy/4/\" frameborder=\"0\" allowtransparency=\"true\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" webkitallowfullscreen=\"webkitallowfullscreen\" mozallowfullscreen=\"mozallowfullscreen\" oallowfullscreen=\"oallowfullscreen\" msallowfullscreen=\"msallowfullscreen\" width=\"100%\" height=\"400\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UCSF geneticist Marquitta White just published a \u003ca href=\"http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00251-016-0914-1\" target=\"_blank\">study\u003c/a> finding the majority of genetic information scientists have on asthma patients doesn’t apply to African-Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The majority of genetic studies, not just in asthma but in most diseases, are done in Caucasian- or European-descent populations,\" White explains. \"The longest studies do not really include very many minority populations, which means that most patients aren’t getting the best care, because we don’t really know what the disease etiology is in their particular population.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UCSF pulmonologist Esteban Buchard emphasizes that medications also work differently in different populations. As an example, he points to the small print on the instructions for a common asthma medication called Advair.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It specifically says that if you’re African-American and you take this, you have an eightfold risk of dying,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'I think that what we should be striving for is equal care for everyone. And in order to do that you have to know what the disease is doing in everyone. That’s step one.'\u003ccite>Marquitta White, UCSF\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The UCSF team is analyzing the genes of black, Mexican-American, and Puerto Rican children to better understand drug responses in each population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"One of our hypotheses is that what’s underlying this huge mortality in African-American children is the fact that the most commonly prescribed drug for asthma is albuterol,\" says White. \"The problem is that not everyone responds to albuterol the same way. And actually, Puerto Rican and African-American children have the worst drug response. So, you’re looking at two populations with the worst drug response with the highest mortality. We have a feeling those things might be related.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Right Drugs Matter\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Good treatment is key to preventing the kinds of serious asthma attacks that keep kids home sick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Crenshaw children are missing fewer school days since they started visiting the \u003ca href=\"http://prescottjoseph.org/programs/breathmobile/\" target=\"_blank\">Breathmobile\u003c/a> -- a long motorhome converted into an asthma clinic. The clinic is run by a non-profit called the \u003ca href=\"http://prescottjoseph.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Prescott-Joseph Center\u003c/a>. It travels throughout the East Bay offering free treatment to low-income families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inside, a medical assistant tests the lungs of a 5-year-old girl who's fiddling with her tight braids. The clinician pauses several times so the girl can blow her nose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_175961\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-175961\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/06/IMG_0352-1180x869.jpg\" alt=\"A lung test on the Breathmobile reveals five-year-old Brooklyn's pulmonary function is compromised by her asthma. \" width=\"640\" height=\"471\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/06/IMG_0352-1180x869.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/06/IMG_0352-400x295.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/06/IMG_0352-800x589.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/06/IMG_0352-768x566.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/06/IMG_0352-1920x1414.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/06/IMG_0352-960x707.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A lung test on the Breathmobile reveals 5-year-old Brooklyn Turner's pulmonary function is compromised by her asthma. \u003ccite>(Lesley McClurg/ KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Dr. Pat Granberg, a pediatrician, asks the girl's mother about their living conditions, their neighborhood and their financial situation, to determine likely triggers for asthma. The disease can be caused by a number of factors, including obesity, air pollution, access to healthcare, molds, mildews, pets, perfumes and smoking. But Granberg begins an assessment by asking whether asthma runs in the family, because there's usually a genetic link.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>One Size Doesn't Fit All\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"On average, \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3151648/\" target=\"_blank\">60 percent\u003c/a> of what's going to determine whether or not you have asthma is going to be due to genetic factors,” says Marquitta White.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says depending on the population, that number could range from 35 to 90 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"qMdUf5hNB0R65Qr3W4tyx9d9sJI9YAHP\"]\u003cbr>\n\"I think that what we should be striving for is equal care for everyone,\" says White, \"and in order to do that you have to know what the disease is doing in everyone. That’s step one.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Buchard believes a lot of health disparities could be explained if more minorities were included in genetic research. To illustrate his point, he looks back to when researchers studied heart disease only in men.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Women present differently than men do for heart attacks,\" says Buchard. \"So a whole generation of physicians were misclassifying and misdiagnosing women simply because women were not involved in the original clinical trials.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The general focus on white patients in research pushed Congress to pass\u003ca href=\"https://grants.nih.gov/grants/funding/women_min/guidelines_amended_10_2001.htm\"> legislation\u003c/a> in 1993 requiring that publicly funded medical studies include more minorities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a recent\u003ca href=\"http://www.atsjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1164/rccm.201410-1944PP#.V0TCyuSLWYi\" target=\"_blank\"> review\u003c/a> of lung disease studies found only five percent of publicly funded research included patients of color.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"UCSF scientists are on a mission to understand why black kids suffer from asthma much worse than white kids. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1465254887,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":34,"wordCount":979},"headData":{"title":"Blacks Die From Asthma at Steep Rates, But Are Absent From Many Studies | KQED","description":"UCSF scientists are on a mission to understand why black kids suffer from asthma much worse than white kids. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Blacks Die From Asthma at Steep Rates, But Are Absent From Many Studies","datePublished":"2016-06-06T16:00:52.000Z","dateModified":"2016-06-06T23:14:47.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"175839 http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=175839","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/06/06/could-more-diverse-studies-reduce-health-disparities/","disqusTitle":"Blacks Die From Asthma at Steep Rates, But Are Absent From Many Studies","audioUrl":"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2016/06/WEBBlackAsthmaMcClurg160606.mp3","path":"/futureofyou/175839/could-more-diverse-studies-reduce-health-disparities","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Zunika Crenshaw cringes as a tire swing whips her children around in circles just a little too fast. It's a sunny afternoon in the park, in the East Bay town of Pleasanton. As her children play, she keeps a close watch on their breathing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says asthma is in her genes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have a family, a person who has four kids, and all of them have it, including me,\" she says. \"And then my mom has it, and my sister’s two kids.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A little girl -- 3-year-old Jhase -- runs over to her, wheezing. Crenshaw grabs an inhaler, and her daughter breathes deeply from it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Perfect!” says Jhase. She lays her head against her mother’s chest, then runs back to her brothers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_175958\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 4032px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-175958 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/06/IMG_0391.jpg\" alt=\"The Crenshaw family at a park in Pleasanton, CA. Everyone in the family struggles with allergies or asthma. \" width=\"4032\" height=\"3024\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/06/IMG_0391.jpg 4032w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/06/IMG_0391-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/06/IMG_0391-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/06/IMG_0391-768x576.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/06/IMG_0391-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/06/IMG_0391-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/06/IMG_0391-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 4032px) 100vw, 4032px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Zunika Crenshaw packs her purse full of asthma and allergy medications for all her kids when they come to the park near their house in Pleasanton. \u003ccite>(Lesley McClurg/ KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Crenshaw drops the inhaler in a pile of medications in her purse. She points to various pill bottles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Zyrtec, and this is ClariSpray. And there’s albuterol and Dulera.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are more drugs at home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asthma Hits Black Children Harder\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asthma is the \u003ca href=\"http://www.who.int/respiratory/asthma/en/\" target=\"_blank\">leading\u003c/a> chronic disease among children, but it hits \u003ca href=\"http://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/omh/browse.aspx?lvl=4&lvlID=15\" target=\"_blank\">some populations harder\u003c/a> than others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the federal \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/asthma/most_recent_data.htm\" target=\"_blank\">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention\u003c/a>, black children are twice as likely to have asthma as white children. And black children are 10 times more likely than white kids to die of complications from asthma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A team of UCSF scientists is on a mission to understand why. The researchers are digging into genetic clues that may have been overlooked until now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe id=\"datawrapper-chart-17wUy\" src=\"//datawrapper.dwcdn.net/17wUy/4/\" frameborder=\"0\" allowtransparency=\"true\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" webkitallowfullscreen=\"webkitallowfullscreen\" mozallowfullscreen=\"mozallowfullscreen\" oallowfullscreen=\"oallowfullscreen\" msallowfullscreen=\"msallowfullscreen\" width=\"100%\" height=\"400\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UCSF geneticist Marquitta White just published a \u003ca href=\"http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00251-016-0914-1\" target=\"_blank\">study\u003c/a> finding the majority of genetic information scientists have on asthma patients doesn’t apply to African-Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The majority of genetic studies, not just in asthma but in most diseases, are done in Caucasian- or European-descent populations,\" White explains. \"The longest studies do not really include very many minority populations, which means that most patients aren’t getting the best care, because we don’t really know what the disease etiology is in their particular population.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UCSF pulmonologist Esteban Buchard emphasizes that medications also work differently in different populations. As an example, he points to the small print on the instructions for a common asthma medication called Advair.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It specifically says that if you’re African-American and you take this, you have an eightfold risk of dying,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'I think that what we should be striving for is equal care for everyone. And in order to do that you have to know what the disease is doing in everyone. That’s step one.'\u003ccite>Marquitta White, UCSF\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The UCSF team is analyzing the genes of black, Mexican-American, and Puerto Rican children to better understand drug responses in each population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"One of our hypotheses is that what’s underlying this huge mortality in African-American children is the fact that the most commonly prescribed drug for asthma is albuterol,\" says White. \"The problem is that not everyone responds to albuterol the same way. And actually, Puerto Rican and African-American children have the worst drug response. So, you’re looking at two populations with the worst drug response with the highest mortality. We have a feeling those things might be related.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Right Drugs Matter\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Good treatment is key to preventing the kinds of serious asthma attacks that keep kids home sick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Crenshaw children are missing fewer school days since they started visiting the \u003ca href=\"http://prescottjoseph.org/programs/breathmobile/\" target=\"_blank\">Breathmobile\u003c/a> -- a long motorhome converted into an asthma clinic. The clinic is run by a non-profit called the \u003ca href=\"http://prescottjoseph.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Prescott-Joseph Center\u003c/a>. It travels throughout the East Bay offering free treatment to low-income families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inside, a medical assistant tests the lungs of a 5-year-old girl who's fiddling with her tight braids. The clinician pauses several times so the girl can blow her nose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_175961\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-175961\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/06/IMG_0352-1180x869.jpg\" alt=\"A lung test on the Breathmobile reveals five-year-old Brooklyn's pulmonary function is compromised by her asthma. \" width=\"640\" height=\"471\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/06/IMG_0352-1180x869.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/06/IMG_0352-400x295.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/06/IMG_0352-800x589.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/06/IMG_0352-768x566.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/06/IMG_0352-1920x1414.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/06/IMG_0352-960x707.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A lung test on the Breathmobile reveals 5-year-old Brooklyn Turner's pulmonary function is compromised by her asthma. \u003ccite>(Lesley McClurg/ KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Dr. Pat Granberg, a pediatrician, asks the girl's mother about their living conditions, their neighborhood and their financial situation, to determine likely triggers for asthma. The disease can be caused by a number of factors, including obesity, air pollution, access to healthcare, molds, mildews, pets, perfumes and smoking. But Granberg begins an assessment by asking whether asthma runs in the family, because there's usually a genetic link.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>One Size Doesn't Fit All\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"On average, \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3151648/\" target=\"_blank\">60 percent\u003c/a> of what's going to determine whether or not you have asthma is going to be due to genetic factors,” says Marquitta White.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says depending on the population, that number could range from 35 to 90 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cbr>\n\"I think that what we should be striving for is equal care for everyone,\" says White, \"and in order to do that you have to know what the disease is doing in everyone. That’s step one.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Buchard believes a lot of health disparities could be explained if more minorities were included in genetic research. To illustrate his point, he looks back to when researchers studied heart disease only in men.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Women present differently than men do for heart attacks,\" says Buchard. \"So a whole generation of physicians were misclassifying and misdiagnosing women simply because women were not involved in the original clinical trials.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The general focus on white patients in research pushed Congress to pass\u003ca href=\"https://grants.nih.gov/grants/funding/women_min/guidelines_amended_10_2001.htm\"> legislation\u003c/a> in 1993 requiring that publicly funded medical studies include more minorities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a recent\u003ca href=\"http://www.atsjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1164/rccm.201410-1944PP#.V0TCyuSLWYi\" target=\"_blank\"> review\u003c/a> of lung disease studies found only five percent of publicly funded research included patients of color.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/175839/could-more-diverse-studies-reduce-health-disparities","authors":["11229"],"categories":["futureofyou_452","futureofyou_1","futureofyou_73"],"tags":["futureofyou_147","futureofyou_946","futureofyou_80","futureofyou_945"],"featImg":"futureofyou_175930","label":"futureofyou"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. 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You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn","officialWebsiteLink":"/mindshift/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"2"},"link":"/podcasts/mindshift","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"}},"morning-edition":{"id":"morning-edition","title":"Morning Edition","info":"\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.","airtime":"MON-FRI 3am-9am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/morning-edition"},"onourwatch":{"id":"onourwatch","title":"On Our Watch","tagline":"Police secrets, unsealed","info":"For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"On Our Watch from NPR and KQED","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/onourwatch","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"1"},"link":"/podcasts/onourwatch","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw","npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/onourwatch","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0OLWoyizopu6tY1XiuX70x","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/On-Our-Watch-p1436229/","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/show/on-our-watch","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"}},"on-the-media":{"id":"on-the-media","title":"On The Media","info":"Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us","airtime":"SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm","meta":{"site":"news","source":"wnyc"},"link":"/radio/program/on-the-media","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/","rss":"http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"}},"our-body-politic":{"id":"our-body-politic","title":"Our Body Politic","info":"Presented by KQED, KCRW and KPCC, and created and hosted by award-winning journalist Farai Chideya, Our Body Politic is unapologetically centered on reporting on not just how women of color experience the major political events of today, but how they’re impacting those very issues.","airtime":"SAT 6pm-7pm, SUN 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Our-Body-Politic-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://our-body-politic.simplecast.com/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kcrw"},"link":"/radio/program/our-body-politic","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/our-body-politic/id1533069868","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5zaW1wbGVjYXN0LmNvbS9feGFQaHMxcw","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/4ApAiLT1kV153TttWAmqmc","rss":"https://feeds.simplecast.com/_xaPhs1s","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/News--Politics-Podcasts/Our-Body-Politic-p1369211/"}},"pbs-newshour":{"id":"pbs-newshour","title":"PBS NewsHour","info":"Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.","airtime":"MON-FRI 3pm-4pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"pbs"},"link":"/radio/program/pbs-newshour","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/","rss":"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"}},"perspectives":{"id":"perspectives","title":"Perspectives","tagline":"KQED's series of of daily listener commentaries since 1991","info":"KQED's series of of daily listener commentaries since 1991.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Perspectives-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/perspectives/","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"kqed","order":"15"},"link":"/perspectives","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id73801135","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/category/perspectives/feed/","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvcGVyc3BlY3RpdmVzL2NhdGVnb3J5L3BlcnNwZWN0aXZlcy9mZWVkLw"}},"planet-money":{"id":"planet-money","title":"Planet Money","info":"The economy explained. 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