Why Are Street Names Stamped Into San Francisco Sidewalks?
How Charlie Chaplin and Silent Films Flourished in the East Bay
The Rich History of San Francisco's First Plaza
Most Popular Stories of 2018 on KQED News
San Francisco Death Trip: The Street Carnage of 1906
Footage of San Francisco After 1906 Quake Found at Flea Market
California's Other Drought: A Major Earthquake Is Overdue
What are the Mysterious Brick Circles in San Francisco Intersections?
See How San Francisco Rebuilt 110 Years After the 1906 Quake
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You can hear her work on \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/search?query=Rachael%20Myrow&page=1\">NPR\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://theworld.org/people/rachael-myrow\">The World\u003c/a>, WBUR's \u003ca href=\"https://www.wbur.org/search?q=Rachael%20Myrow\">\u003ci>Here & Now\u003c/i>\u003c/a> and the BBC. \u003c/i>She also guest hosts for KQED's \u003ci>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/tag/rachael-myrow\">Forum\u003c/a>\u003c/i>. Over the years, she's talked with Kamau Bell, David Byrne, Kamala Harris, Tony Kushner, Armistead Maupin, Van Dyke Parks, Arnold Schwarzenegger and Tommie Smith, among others.\r\n\r\nBefore all this, she hosted \u003cem>The California Report\u003c/em> for 7+ years, reporting on topics like \u003ca href=\"https://soundcloud.com/rmyrow/on-a-mission-to-reform-assisted-living\">assisted living facilities\u003c/a>, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/alltechconsidered/2014/12/01/367703789/amazon-unleashes-robot-army-to-send-your-holiday-packages-faster\">robot takeover\u003c/a> of Amazon, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/bayareabites/50822/in-search-of-the-chocolate-persimmon\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">chocolate persimmons\u003c/a>.\r\n\r\nAwards? Sure: Peabody, Edward R. Murrow, Regional Edward R. Murrow, RTNDA, Northern California RTNDA, SPJ Northern California Chapter, LA Press Club, Golden Mic. Prior to joining KQED, Rachael worked in Los Angeles at KPCC and Marketplace. 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Send her an email if you have strong feelings about whether Fairfield and Suisun City are the Bay.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/25e5ab8d3d53fad2dcc7bb2b5c506b1a?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"NotoriousECG","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"arts","roles":["subscriber"]},{"site":"news","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"futureofyou","roles":["subscriber"]},{"site":"stateofhealth","roles":["subscriber"]},{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"forum","roles":["subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Ericka Cruz Guevarra | KQED","description":"Producer, The Bay Podcast","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/25e5ab8d3d53fad2dcc7bb2b5c506b1a?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/25e5ab8d3d53fad2dcc7bb2b5c506b1a?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/ecruzguevarra"},"scraig":{"type":"authors","id":"11327","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"11327","found":true},"name":"Sarah Craig","firstName":"Sarah","lastName":"Craig","slug":"scraig","email":"scraig@KQED.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":"KQED Contributor","bio":"Sarah Craig is a freelance radio reporter and documentary photographer. She is currently working on \u003cem>Dreams of Dust\u003c/em>, @dreamsofdust, a multimedia project that documents stories of climate migration in California’s Central Valley, previously funded by the California Humanities. Her completed projects include \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://www.facesoffracking.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Faces of Fracking\u003c/a>,\u003c/em> an investigation into the impact of fracking on the people and places of California, and \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://sarahcraig.visura.co/gulf-disaster-2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">The Gulf Disaster\u003c/a>,\u003c/em> stories on the lives of fishermen in the aftermath of the BP spill. Her work has been published by Marketplace, KQED's Bay Curious and Q'ed Up podcasts, KQED's California Report Magazine, KALW's Crosscurrents, Grist.org, High Country News, Earth Island Journal, and others. Sarah received a B.A. in Geography at Vassar College and attended the \u003ca href=\"http://www.salt.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Salt Institute of Documentary Studies\u003c/a> in Portland, ME. She recently received an Excellence in Journalism Award from the NorCal Society of Professional Journalists for her documentary radio piece, \u003ca href=\"http://kalw.org/post/215-will-water-come#stream/0\">\"Will the Water Come.\"\u003c/a> Email: scraig@kqed.org Twitter: @sarahcraigmedia Website: sarahcraigmedia.com","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/97f17950c828429d3df9f2907412a50b?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"news","roles":["subscriber"]},{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Sarah Craig | KQED","description":"KQED Contributor","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/97f17950c828429d3df9f2907412a50b?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/97f17950c828429d3df9f2907412a50b?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/scraig"},"agarces":{"type":"authors","id":"11367","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"11367","found":true},"name":"Audrey Garces","firstName":"Audrey","lastName":"Garces","slug":"agarces","email":"agarces@kqed.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":["news"],"title":"Digital Producer","bio":"Audrey is a former digital producer at KQED News. 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Before working at KQED, she produced for PBS member station, KCET, in Los Angeles. In 2017, Marisol won an Emmy Award for her work on the televised documentary, \u003cem>City Rising\u003c/em>, examining California's affordable housing crisis and the historical roots of gentrification.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/6c3db46a1cabb5e1fe9a365b5f4e681e?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"marisolreports","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"arts","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"news","roles":["author","edit_others_posts"]}],"headData":{"title":"Marisol Medina-Cadena | KQED","description":"Producer, Rightnowish Podcast","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/6c3db46a1cabb5e1fe9a365b5f4e681e?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/6c3db46a1cabb5e1fe9a365b5f4e681e?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/mmedina"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"news","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"news_11895704":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11895704","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11895704","score":null,"sort":[1636628740000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"why-are-street-names-stamped-into-san-francisco-sidewalks","title":"Why Are Street Names Stamped Into San Francisco Sidewalks?","publishDate":1636628740,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Why Are Street Names Stamped Into San Francisco Sidewalks? | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>If you look down while walking around Bay Area cities like San Francisco, Berkeley, Oakland and Alameda, you often see the names of the two intersecting streets stamped into the concrete where the sidewalks meet. It can seem … redundant. There are overhead signs after all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Curious listener Heidi Hagberg got to wondering why we do things this way: “I’ve heard that it’s because of earthquakes and the potential for street signs to fall. Is that true?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Answering Heidi’s question took us into the weird world of sidewalk stamps, which, it turns out, can be full of mistakes!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriouspodcastinfo]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Heidi heard right — it’s because of earthquakes. In 1905, San Francisco officials passed an ordinance requiring that street stamps be used when new sidewalks were built. The ordinance passed \u003cem>before \u003c/em>the 1906 earthquake and fire. There were quakes before the big one that probably influenced city lawmakers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco’s streets were laid out just before the Gold Rush, but “there were not traditional street signs like we have today,” says Rachel Gordon, the director of policy and communications for San Francisco Public Works. People used buildings as landmarks back then, and city leaders worried that if the buildings fell down, people wouldn’t know where they were after an earthquake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the 1906 earthquake and fire, there was a lot of rebuilding to do and lawmakers made sure that all intersections got street stamps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These days Gordon says San Francisco still stamps street names into sidewalks when intersections are changed or repaired. The Department of Public Works does some of the work itself, but also contracts out sidewalk construction. But there are about 18,000 intersections in the city and sometimes the installers make mistakes — or improvise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a hard thing to get right,” says Erica Fischer, who likes to find and photograph quirky mess-ups around the city. “You’re putting the letters in mirrored when you’re trying to stamp it on the sidewalk.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the wonky stamps are just misspellings, but others show ingenuity. Stampers have used M’s with one arm brushed out for N’s, the number 1 for a lowercase L and so many other weird workarounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11895712\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11895712 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/C7ement-stamp.jpg\" alt=\"The name Clement is stamped into a sidewalk with an upside down 7 as an L.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/C7ement-stamp.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/C7ement-stamp-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/C7ement-stamp-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/C7ement-stamp-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/C7ement-stamp-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Another creative workaround where an installer used an upside-down 7 for an L. (Erica Fischer/\u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/walkingsf/5165604779/in/album-72157622518303519/\">Flickr\u003c/a>) \u003ccite>(Erica Fischer/\u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/walkingsf/5165604779/in/album-72157622518303519/\">Flickr\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One of Fischer’s favorites is in the Haight, where whoever did the stamping must not have had an S on hand. Instead, the person used two J’s, one with the hook facing down, and one with the hook up. Meshed together, they make a slanted S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s lots of those sort of improvised pieces out there,” Fischer says. She became obsessed with them when she made it a goal to walk every street in San Francisco and take photographs of interesting things along the way. Once Fischer started noticing all the funny things stamped in the streets, she couldn’t stop looking for more oddities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rachel Gordon with the city’s Department of Public Works says there are fewer mistakes than there used to be. “What we’re supposed to do is have our inspectors go out and make sure that the name is spelled correctly,” she says. “That started to happen a little more frequently when people were making fun of San Francisco for not having all the names spelled correctly.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, with 18,000 intersections there are bound to be some quirks, so keep your eyes peeled!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousquestion]\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Have you ever noticed that the names of San Francisco streets are stamped into the sidewalks? Well, there's a good reason for it.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1700534597,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":true,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":17,"wordCount":619},"headData":{"title":"Why Are Street Names Stamped Into San Francisco Sidewalks? | KQED","description":"Have you ever noticed that the names of San Francisco streets are stamped into the sidewalks? Well, there's a good reason for it.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"source":"Bay Curious","sourceUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/podcasts/baycurious","audioUrl":"https://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3/traffic.megaphone.fm/KQINC3538513461.mp3?updated=1636576273","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","path":"/news/11895704/why-are-street-names-stamped-into-san-francisco-sidewalks","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>If you look down while walking around Bay Area cities like San Francisco, Berkeley, Oakland and Alameda, you often see the names of the two intersecting streets stamped into the concrete where the sidewalks meet. It can seem … redundant. There are overhead signs after all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Curious listener Heidi Hagberg got to wondering why we do things this way: “I’ve heard that it’s because of earthquakes and the potential for street signs to fall. Is that true?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Answering Heidi’s question took us into the weird world of sidewalk stamps, which, it turns out, can be full of mistakes!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" />\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\n Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>,\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast platform.\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Heidi heard right — it’s because of earthquakes. In 1905, San Francisco officials passed an ordinance requiring that street stamps be used when new sidewalks were built. The ordinance passed \u003cem>before \u003c/em>the 1906 earthquake and fire. There were quakes before the big one that probably influenced city lawmakers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco’s streets were laid out just before the Gold Rush, but “there were not traditional street signs like we have today,” says Rachel Gordon, the director of policy and communications for San Francisco Public Works. People used buildings as landmarks back then, and city leaders worried that if the buildings fell down, people wouldn’t know where they were after an earthquake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the 1906 earthquake and fire, there was a lot of rebuilding to do and lawmakers made sure that all intersections got street stamps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These days Gordon says San Francisco still stamps street names into sidewalks when intersections are changed or repaired. The Department of Public Works does some of the work itself, but also contracts out sidewalk construction. But there are about 18,000 intersections in the city and sometimes the installers make mistakes — or improvise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a hard thing to get right,” says Erica Fischer, who likes to find and photograph quirky mess-ups around the city. “You’re putting the letters in mirrored when you’re trying to stamp it on the sidewalk.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the wonky stamps are just misspellings, but others show ingenuity. Stampers have used M’s with one arm brushed out for N’s, the number 1 for a lowercase L and so many other weird workarounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11895712\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11895712 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/C7ement-stamp.jpg\" alt=\"The name Clement is stamped into a sidewalk with an upside down 7 as an L.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/C7ement-stamp.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/C7ement-stamp-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/C7ement-stamp-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/C7ement-stamp-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/C7ement-stamp-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Another creative workaround where an installer used an upside-down 7 for an L. (Erica Fischer/\u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/walkingsf/5165604779/in/album-72157622518303519/\">Flickr\u003c/a>) \u003ccite>(Erica Fischer/\u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/walkingsf/5165604779/in/album-72157622518303519/\">Flickr\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One of Fischer’s favorites is in the Haight, where whoever did the stamping must not have had an S on hand. Instead, the person used two J’s, one with the hook facing down, and one with the hook up. Meshed together, they make a slanted S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s lots of those sort of improvised pieces out there,” Fischer says. She became obsessed with them when she made it a goal to walk every street in San Francisco and take photographs of interesting things along the way. Once Fischer started noticing all the funny things stamped in the streets, she couldn’t stop looking for more oddities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rachel Gordon with the city’s Department of Public Works says there are fewer mistakes than there used to be. “What we’re supposed to do is have our inspectors go out and make sure that the name is spelled correctly,” she says. “That started to happen a little more frequently when people were making fun of San Francisco for not having all the names spelled correctly.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, with 18,000 intersections there are bound to be some quirks, so keep your eyes peeled!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"baycuriousquestion","attributes":{"named":{"label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11895704/why-are-street-names-stamped-into-san-francisco-sidewalks","authors":["234"],"programs":["news_33523"],"series":["news_17986"],"categories":["news_28250","news_8","news_33520"],"tags":["news_993","news_27411","news_4317"],"featImg":"news_11895711","label":"source_news_11895704"},"news_11789138":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11789138","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11789138","score":null,"sort":[1575543624000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"how-charlie-chaplin-and-silent-films-flourished-in-the-east-bay","title":"How Charlie Chaplin and Silent Films Flourished in the East Bay","publishDate":1575543624,"format":"standard","headTitle":"How Charlie Chaplin and Silent Films Flourished in the East Bay | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>These days, thoughts of the silent screen era in the San Francisco Bay Area typically call up footage of Market Street shot by the Miles Brothers just days before the 1906 earthquake laid the city to waste.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco was a choice location for movie shoots at the turn of the 20th century, but fog and chill led at least one filmmaker from parts East to settle a wee bit farther south, in Niles, California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I know this because José Muñoz, who grew up in Fremont, asked \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/podcasts/baycurious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> to look into the history for him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve always been fascinated by movies, always watched movies,” Muñoz said, and his parents told him something he’s wondered about for years: Movies were once made in Fremont.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I wanted to reach out to you guys to get more insight on the matter, to see if we could say that Fremont was the first Hollywood,” he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriouspodcastinfo]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in the day, before Niles became a Fremont neighborhood, it used to be its own town, with sunny, warm weather more akin to that in Southern California — and easy access by train to San Francisco and Chicago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That all had tremendous appeal for the Essanay Film Manufacturing Co., run in part by \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broncho_Billy_Anderson\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">“Broncho Billy” Anderson\u003c/a> (born Maxwell Henry Aronson), the first Western movie star cowboy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Anderson had been traveling around the United States for three years, looking for the perfect weather and filming location for the Westerns that he was making,” explained David Kiehn, historian for the \u003ca href=\"http://nilesfilmmuseum.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Niles Essanay Silent Film Museum\u003c/a>, one of the most delightful \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11778612/12-off-beat-museums-in-the-bay-area-to-visit-this-fall\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">offbeat museums\u003c/a> you can visit in the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anderson settled on Niles in 1912, and over the next four years Essanay made more than 350 films there. “It was the most successful silent film company in the Bay Area,” said Kiehn.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Fast and Furious\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Film companies of the time churned out movies at the rate of several a week. They tended to be thin on plot and big on action; chase scenes and slapstick comedy. The companies hired a lot of actors from the world of vaudeville theater, actors with the physical stamina and comedic chops for this kind of work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Broncho Billy spotted a rising talent at a rival film company in Hollywood: a young English comedian by the name of Charlie Chaplin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11789153\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11789153 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40306_IMG_8320-qut.jpg\" alt=\"Back in the 1910s, the Essanay Film Manufacturing Co. was a big deal in Niles, California, as well as West Coast filmmaking. \" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40306_IMG_8320-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40306_IMG_8320-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40306_IMG_8320-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40306_IMG_8320-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40306_IMG_8320-qut-1200x800.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Back in the 1910s, the Essanay Film Manufacturing Co. was a big deal in Niles, California, as well as West Coast filmmaking. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Niles Essanay Silent Film Museum)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Chaplin had been working at the Keystone Film Co. for $150 a week, and his contract was almost up. And Broncho Billy’s righthand man, Jess Robbins, signed him at Essanay for $1,250 a week — and a $10,000 signing bonus,” said Kiehn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was an expensive bet that paid off for Essanay. Chaplin didn’t particularly like Niles, which was, after all, a bit of a backwater compared to Los Angeles, but he made five films in Niles that cemented his standing as a movie star.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of those was “The Tramp.” You can still visit the places where scenes were shot. For instance, consider the final, iconic scene of this movie, when our brokenhearted tramp waddles away from the camera in Niles Canyon. The area still looks a lot like it did back then, with big trees waving over a winding country road, albeit paved now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Essanay allowed Chaplin to transition from being an ensemble performer, with a popular bit in someone else’s film, to a filmmaker himself, exercising creative control.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Niles is pivotal,” said film history expert \u003ca href=\"https://www.bisonarchives.com/aboutmarc.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Marc Wanamaker\u003c/a>. Chaplin, he said, fought for and achieved great autonomy with Essanay. “He could do whatever he wanted. This was the beginning of Chaplin as we know him.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chaplin itched to return to Hollywood, though, which by then was well on its way to becoming the center of the moviemaking universe. There, Chaplin made a few more movies for the company before striking out on his own as a producer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Niles studio kept on keeping on, until talkies became popular in the 1920s, and the film studio’s proximity to train tracks became an insurmountable problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A Temple to Silent Film\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Fast forward to today, and the studio’s theater has become home to the Niles Essanay Silent Film Museum, itself home to an impressive and ever-growing archive of silent movies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11789166\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11789166 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40307_IMG_8297-qut.jpg\" alt=\"David Kiehn demonstrates the working projectors in the back of the theater at the Niles Essanay Silent Film Museum in Niles, California. "This is the original booth from 1913, tin lined, as you can see." Why? "Because of the nitrate fire hazard. You needed some kind of protection on the wood so that if a fire did start, it wouldn't burn the whole place down."\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40307_IMG_8297-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40307_IMG_8297-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40307_IMG_8297-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40307_IMG_8297-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40307_IMG_8297-qut-1200x800.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">David Kiehn demonstrates the working projectors in the back of the theater at the Niles Essanay Silent Film Museum in Niles, California. “This is the original booth from 1913, tin-lined, as you can see.” Why? “Because of the nitrate fire hazard. You needed some kind of protection on the wood so that if a fire did start, it wouldn’t burn the whole place down.” \u003ccite>(Carina Woudenberg/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Over 400 different silent feature films and over 600 silent short films. We’ve got a collection of 10,000 film prints that we show every Saturday night since Jan. 22, 2005, almost 15 years now,” Kiehn boasted, as he toured me around an impressive repository for beautifully restored and framed movie posters of the period, and the machinery of filmmaking, like early cameras and projectors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kiehn also repairs and researches the background of footage that people send here because they know Niles is a good home for silent film.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s amazing what’s out there and what still is turning up. A family, not too long ago, brought us five nitrate films that were under a house in Stockton, rare films that I’ve never seen before,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the cache was one film, shot by the Miles Brothers in 1912 at Tanforan Park, of an aviation meet. Also, there was footage from the San Francisco earthquake aftermath in 1906. “Some pretty amazing stuff,” marveled Kiehn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11789167\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11789167\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40308_IMG_8321-qut.jpg\" alt=\"The Niles Essanay Silent Film Museum in Niles, California has become a repository for all sorts of artifacts, ranging from era posters to film projectors.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40308_IMG_8321-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40308_IMG_8321-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40308_IMG_8321-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40308_IMG_8321-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40308_IMG_8321-qut-1200x800.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Niles Essanay Silent Film Museum in Niles, California has become a repository for all sorts of artifacts, ranging from era posters to film projectors. \u003ccite>(Carina Woudenberg/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The silent film era lasted almost 40 years, from the 1890s through the 1920s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s amazing how many films that were made in that time period. Thousands and thousands of films. Only a fraction survive, but because there were so many made, there are still a lot of them around,” said Kiehn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sure, you could just watch some of these films on YouTube. But the musical choices are typically awful, and there’s something to be said for the visceral experience of watching a movie in a theater, with a live piano player, on a Saturday night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kiehn curates the schedule, which typically involves a feature and two shorts on any given night. Chaplin gets a lot of love, but so do some of the talents lesser known today but big in their time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consider \u003ca href=\"https://wfpp.columbia.edu/pioneer/ccp-mabel-normand/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Mabel Normand\u003c/a>, with bouncy curls and expressive eyebrows. She was the first actress to be tied to the railroad tracks. She was at Keystone when Charlie Chaplin arrived, and taught him a few things before he moved on to Essanay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GUsYq2MbFOI]She also directed some of the movies he was in, and served as his first leading lady for a stretch. Eventually, she even ran her own production company, just like Chaplin. Thanks to historians like Kiehn, we’re rediscovering treasures \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/13836539/the-eradication-of-memory-on-netflix-amazon-and-other-streaming-video-sites\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">hidden in plain sight\u003c/a> for close to a century now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What does José Muñoz, who asked the question that prompted this story, have to say about what we found?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not only just a piece of history for Fremont or the Bay Area, but also all of California, ’cause people think moviemaking was born and still lives in SoCal, but this is as much as of a NorCal story as it is anything else.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousquestion]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The surprising history of a Bay Area silent film studio that helped the era's biggest movie star.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1700590885,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":true,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":35,"wordCount":1366},"headData":{"title":"How Charlie Chaplin and Silent Films Flourished in the East Bay | KQED","description":"The surprising history of a Bay Area silent film studio that helped the era's biggest movie star.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"source":"Bay Curious","sourceUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/podcasts/baycurious","audioUrl":"http://traffic.megaphone.fm/KQINC3093690730.mp3","audioTrackLength":744,"path":"/news/11789138/how-charlie-chaplin-and-silent-films-flourished-in-the-east-bay","parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>These days, thoughts of the silent screen era in the San Francisco Bay Area typically call up footage of Market Street shot by the Miles Brothers just days before the 1906 earthquake laid the city to waste.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco was a choice location for movie shoots at the turn of the 20th century, but fog and chill led at least one filmmaker from parts East to settle a wee bit farther south, in Niles, California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I know this because José Muñoz, who grew up in Fremont, asked \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/podcasts/baycurious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> to look into the history for him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve always been fascinated by movies, always watched movies,” Muñoz said, and his parents told him something he’s wondered about for years: Movies were once made in Fremont.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I wanted to reach out to you guys to get more insight on the matter, to see if we could say that Fremont was the first Hollywood,” he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" />\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\n Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>,\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast platform.\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in the day, before Niles became a Fremont neighborhood, it used to be its own town, with sunny, warm weather more akin to that in Southern California — and easy access by train to San Francisco and Chicago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That all had tremendous appeal for the Essanay Film Manufacturing Co., run in part by \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broncho_Billy_Anderson\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">“Broncho Billy” Anderson\u003c/a> (born Maxwell Henry Aronson), the first Western movie star cowboy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Anderson had been traveling around the United States for three years, looking for the perfect weather and filming location for the Westerns that he was making,” explained David Kiehn, historian for the \u003ca href=\"http://nilesfilmmuseum.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Niles Essanay Silent Film Museum\u003c/a>, one of the most delightful \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11778612/12-off-beat-museums-in-the-bay-area-to-visit-this-fall\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">offbeat museums\u003c/a> you can visit in the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anderson settled on Niles in 1912, and over the next four years Essanay made more than 350 films there. “It was the most successful silent film company in the Bay Area,” said Kiehn.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Fast and Furious\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Film companies of the time churned out movies at the rate of several a week. They tended to be thin on plot and big on action; chase scenes and slapstick comedy. The companies hired a lot of actors from the world of vaudeville theater, actors with the physical stamina and comedic chops for this kind of work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Broncho Billy spotted a rising talent at a rival film company in Hollywood: a young English comedian by the name of Charlie Chaplin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11789153\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11789153 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40306_IMG_8320-qut.jpg\" alt=\"Back in the 1910s, the Essanay Film Manufacturing Co. was a big deal in Niles, California, as well as West Coast filmmaking. \" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40306_IMG_8320-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40306_IMG_8320-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40306_IMG_8320-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40306_IMG_8320-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40306_IMG_8320-qut-1200x800.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Back in the 1910s, the Essanay Film Manufacturing Co. was a big deal in Niles, California, as well as West Coast filmmaking. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Niles Essanay Silent Film Museum)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Chaplin had been working at the Keystone Film Co. for $150 a week, and his contract was almost up. And Broncho Billy’s righthand man, Jess Robbins, signed him at Essanay for $1,250 a week — and a $10,000 signing bonus,” said Kiehn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was an expensive bet that paid off for Essanay. Chaplin didn’t particularly like Niles, which was, after all, a bit of a backwater compared to Los Angeles, but he made five films in Niles that cemented his standing as a movie star.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of those was “The Tramp.” You can still visit the places where scenes were shot. For instance, consider the final, iconic scene of this movie, when our brokenhearted tramp waddles away from the camera in Niles Canyon. The area still looks a lot like it did back then, with big trees waving over a winding country road, albeit paved now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Essanay allowed Chaplin to transition from being an ensemble performer, with a popular bit in someone else’s film, to a filmmaker himself, exercising creative control.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Niles is pivotal,” said film history expert \u003ca href=\"https://www.bisonarchives.com/aboutmarc.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Marc Wanamaker\u003c/a>. Chaplin, he said, fought for and achieved great autonomy with Essanay. “He could do whatever he wanted. This was the beginning of Chaplin as we know him.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chaplin itched to return to Hollywood, though, which by then was well on its way to becoming the center of the moviemaking universe. There, Chaplin made a few more movies for the company before striking out on his own as a producer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Niles studio kept on keeping on, until talkies became popular in the 1920s, and the film studio’s proximity to train tracks became an insurmountable problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A Temple to Silent Film\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Fast forward to today, and the studio’s theater has become home to the Niles Essanay Silent Film Museum, itself home to an impressive and ever-growing archive of silent movies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11789166\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11789166 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40307_IMG_8297-qut.jpg\" alt=\"David Kiehn demonstrates the working projectors in the back of the theater at the Niles Essanay Silent Film Museum in Niles, California. "This is the original booth from 1913, tin lined, as you can see." Why? "Because of the nitrate fire hazard. You needed some kind of protection on the wood so that if a fire did start, it wouldn't burn the whole place down."\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40307_IMG_8297-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40307_IMG_8297-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40307_IMG_8297-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40307_IMG_8297-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40307_IMG_8297-qut-1200x800.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">David Kiehn demonstrates the working projectors in the back of the theater at the Niles Essanay Silent Film Museum in Niles, California. “This is the original booth from 1913, tin-lined, as you can see.” Why? “Because of the nitrate fire hazard. You needed some kind of protection on the wood so that if a fire did start, it wouldn’t burn the whole place down.” \u003ccite>(Carina Woudenberg/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Over 400 different silent feature films and over 600 silent short films. We’ve got a collection of 10,000 film prints that we show every Saturday night since Jan. 22, 2005, almost 15 years now,” Kiehn boasted, as he toured me around an impressive repository for beautifully restored and framed movie posters of the period, and the machinery of filmmaking, like early cameras and projectors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kiehn also repairs and researches the background of footage that people send here because they know Niles is a good home for silent film.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s amazing what’s out there and what still is turning up. A family, not too long ago, brought us five nitrate films that were under a house in Stockton, rare films that I’ve never seen before,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the cache was one film, shot by the Miles Brothers in 1912 at Tanforan Park, of an aviation meet. Also, there was footage from the San Francisco earthquake aftermath in 1906. “Some pretty amazing stuff,” marveled Kiehn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11789167\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11789167\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40308_IMG_8321-qut.jpg\" alt=\"The Niles Essanay Silent Film Museum in Niles, California has become a repository for all sorts of artifacts, ranging from era posters to film projectors.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40308_IMG_8321-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40308_IMG_8321-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40308_IMG_8321-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40308_IMG_8321-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40308_IMG_8321-qut-1200x800.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Niles Essanay Silent Film Museum in Niles, California has become a repository for all sorts of artifacts, ranging from era posters to film projectors. \u003ccite>(Carina Woudenberg/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The silent film era lasted almost 40 years, from the 1890s through the 1920s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s amazing how many films that were made in that time period. Thousands and thousands of films. Only a fraction survive, but because there were so many made, there are still a lot of them around,” said Kiehn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sure, you could just watch some of these films on YouTube. But the musical choices are typically awful, and there’s something to be said for the visceral experience of watching a movie in a theater, with a live piano player, on a Saturday night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kiehn curates the schedule, which typically involves a feature and two shorts on any given night. Chaplin gets a lot of love, but so do some of the talents lesser known today but big in their time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consider \u003ca href=\"https://wfpp.columbia.edu/pioneer/ccp-mabel-normand/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Mabel Normand\u003c/a>, with bouncy curls and expressive eyebrows. She was the first actress to be tied to the railroad tracks. She was at Keystone when Charlie Chaplin arrived, and taught him a few things before he moved on to Essanay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/GUsYq2MbFOI'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/GUsYq2MbFOI'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>She also directed some of the movies he was in, and served as his first leading lady for a stretch. Eventually, she even ran her own production company, just like Chaplin. Thanks to historians like Kiehn, we’re rediscovering treasures \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/13836539/the-eradication-of-memory-on-netflix-amazon-and-other-streaming-video-sites\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">hidden in plain sight\u003c/a> for close to a century now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What does José Muñoz, who asked the question that prompted this story, have to say about what we found?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not only just a piece of history for Fremont or the Bay Area, but also all of California, ’cause people think moviemaking was born and still lives in SoCal, but this is as much as of a NorCal story as it is anything else.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"baycuriousquestion","attributes":{"named":{"label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11789138/how-charlie-chaplin-and-silent-films-flourished-in-the-east-bay","authors":["251"],"programs":["news_33523"],"series":["news_17986"],"categories":["news_223","news_8","news_33520"],"tags":["news_993","news_66","news_22713"],"featImg":"news_11789146","label":"source_news_11789138"},"news_11787679":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11787679","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11787679","score":null,"sort":[1574365177000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"the-rich-history-of-san-franciscos-first-plaza","title":"The Rich History of San Francisco's First Plaza","publishDate":1574365177,"format":"standard","headTitle":"The Rich History of San Francisco’s First Plaza | KQED","labelTerm":{"term":33523,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>Plazas are one of the few public spaces where people from all walks of life cross paths. In San Francisco alone there are dozens of them across the city: some small, some big, some old, some new. That’s what got one Bay Curious listener wondering which plaza was the first.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To find out we spoke to San Francisco Recreation and Park historian Christopher Pollock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriouspodcastinfo]He told us the city’s oldest plaza is Portsmouth Square, located in the heart of Chinatown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To understand why this spot is considered the first, Pollock said we have to go back to the days when San Francisco was occupied by Spanish and Mexican settlers. They called their settlement “Yerba Buena” and the plaza — what we now call Portsmouth Square — was the center of government affairs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So how did Portsmouth Square get its name?\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11787759\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 3252px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11787759 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/Portsmouth-Square.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"3252\" height=\"1581\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/Portsmouth-Square.jpg 3252w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/Portsmouth-Square-160x78.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/Portsmouth-Square-800x389.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/Portsmouth-Square-1020x496.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/Portsmouth-Square-1200x583.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/Portsmouth-Square-1920x933.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 3252px) 100vw, 3252px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Portsmouth Square, 1851 \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Library of Congress)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When the Mexican-American War broke out in 1846 many Americans believed it was their Manifest Destiny to expand West, and Yerba Buena was one of those desired territories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Capt. John Montgomery lands near Portsmouth Square and symbolically raised a flag to signal this was an American occupation,” said Pollock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shortly after, Montgomery renamed the square after his ship, the USS Portsmouth.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>A Very Distinguished Square\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Beyond being the first city square, a historic park and a hub for the local Chinese community, Portsmouth Square has a few other claims to fame.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11787747\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 760px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2019/11/21/the-rich-history-of-san-franciscos-first-plaza/nypl-digitalcollections-510d47e0-43ef-a3d9-e040-e00a18064a99-001-w/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-11787747\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11787747 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/nypl.digitalcollections.510d47e0-43ef-a3d9-e040-e00a18064a99.001.w.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"760\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/nypl.digitalcollections.510d47e0-43ef-a3d9-e040-e00a18064a99.001.w.jpg 760w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/nypl.digitalcollections.510d47e0-43ef-a3d9-e040-e00a18064a99.001.w-160x84.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 760px) 100vw, 760px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Portsmouth Square \u003ccite>(Courtesy of New York Public Library)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A year after the Americans claimed the territory, the first public school in California was built at the square’s southwest corner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some anecdotal stories say not many attended in the beginning. Trying to rope people into education was far from their thoughts at the time, and they didn’t have any truancy offers to chase down people who didn’t attend,” said Pollock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The square also has ties to the Gold Rush. According to local lore, Portsmouth Square was where the discovery of gold was first announced. As news spread, thousands of prospective miners migrated to the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fast forward to 1873 and the city gets its first cable cars. The inventor, Andrew Smith Hallidie, piloted the cars by driving past Portsmouth Square.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11787811\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11787811 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/earthquake.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"333\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/earthquake.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/earthquake-160x83.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Soldiers being served supper at Portsmouth Square after the 1906 earthquake. \u003ccite>(Library of Congress)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Then the 1906 earthquake and fire devastated the city. In the open space at Portsmouth Square, camps were set up for people who were displaced or burnt out of their homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[Eventually] the military established their own camp and ended up building some 150 two-room earthquake cottages that were in neat little rows within the square,” said Pollock. That camp housed people for up to a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A lot has happened here — more of which we explore on the Bay Curious podcast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or you can see it for yourself. Take a walk through the park and you’ll find a number of commemorative plaques highlighting all of this history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousquestion]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A lot of firsts happened here ... gold, school, flag raising and more! \r\n","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1700590906,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":true,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":20,"wordCount":517},"headData":{"title":"The Rich History of San Francisco's First Plaza | KQED","description":"A lot of firsts happened here ... gold, school, flag raising and more! \r\n","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"audioUrl":"http://traffic.megaphone.fm/KQINC8872511074.mp3","audioTrackLength":607,"path":"/news/11787679/the-rich-history-of-san-franciscos-first-plaza","parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Plazas are one of the few public spaces where people from all walks of life cross paths. In San Francisco alone there are dozens of them across the city: some small, some big, some old, some new. That’s what got one Bay Curious listener wondering which plaza was the first.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To find out we spoke to San Francisco Recreation and Park historian Christopher Pollock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" />\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\n Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>,\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast platform.\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>He told us the city’s oldest plaza is Portsmouth Square, located in the heart of Chinatown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To understand why this spot is considered the first, Pollock said we have to go back to the days when San Francisco was occupied by Spanish and Mexican settlers. They called their settlement “Yerba Buena” and the plaza — what we now call Portsmouth Square — was the center of government affairs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So how did Portsmouth Square get its name?\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11787759\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 3252px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11787759 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/Portsmouth-Square.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"3252\" height=\"1581\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/Portsmouth-Square.jpg 3252w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/Portsmouth-Square-160x78.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/Portsmouth-Square-800x389.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/Portsmouth-Square-1020x496.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/Portsmouth-Square-1200x583.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/Portsmouth-Square-1920x933.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 3252px) 100vw, 3252px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Portsmouth Square, 1851 \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Library of Congress)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When the Mexican-American War broke out in 1846 many Americans believed it was their Manifest Destiny to expand West, and Yerba Buena was one of those desired territories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Capt. John Montgomery lands near Portsmouth Square and symbolically raised a flag to signal this was an American occupation,” said Pollock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shortly after, Montgomery renamed the square after his ship, the USS Portsmouth.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>A Very Distinguished Square\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Beyond being the first city square, a historic park and a hub for the local Chinese community, Portsmouth Square has a few other claims to fame.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11787747\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 760px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2019/11/21/the-rich-history-of-san-franciscos-first-plaza/nypl-digitalcollections-510d47e0-43ef-a3d9-e040-e00a18064a99-001-w/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-11787747\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11787747 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/nypl.digitalcollections.510d47e0-43ef-a3d9-e040-e00a18064a99.001.w.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"760\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/nypl.digitalcollections.510d47e0-43ef-a3d9-e040-e00a18064a99.001.w.jpg 760w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/nypl.digitalcollections.510d47e0-43ef-a3d9-e040-e00a18064a99.001.w-160x84.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 760px) 100vw, 760px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Portsmouth Square \u003ccite>(Courtesy of New York Public Library)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A year after the Americans claimed the territory, the first public school in California was built at the square’s southwest corner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some anecdotal stories say not many attended in the beginning. Trying to rope people into education was far from their thoughts at the time, and they didn’t have any truancy offers to chase down people who didn’t attend,” said Pollock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The square also has ties to the Gold Rush. According to local lore, Portsmouth Square was where the discovery of gold was first announced. As news spread, thousands of prospective miners migrated to the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fast forward to 1873 and the city gets its first cable cars. The inventor, Andrew Smith Hallidie, piloted the cars by driving past Portsmouth Square.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11787811\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11787811 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/earthquake.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"333\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/earthquake.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/earthquake-160x83.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Soldiers being served supper at Portsmouth Square after the 1906 earthquake. \u003ccite>(Library of Congress)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Then the 1906 earthquake and fire devastated the city. In the open space at Portsmouth Square, camps were set up for people who were displaced or burnt out of their homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[Eventually] the military established their own camp and ended up building some 150 two-room earthquake cottages that were in neat little rows within the square,” said Pollock. That camp housed people for up to a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A lot has happened here — more of which we explore on the Bay Curious podcast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or you can see it for yourself. Take a walk through the park and you’ll find a number of commemorative plaques highlighting all of this history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"baycuriousquestion","attributes":{"named":{"label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11787679/the-rich-history-of-san-franciscos-first-plaza","authors":["11528"],"programs":["news_33523"],"series":["news_17986"],"categories":["news_8","news_33520"],"tags":["news_993","news_18426","news_20397","news_18607"],"featImg":"news_11787810","label":"news_33523"},"news_11714804":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11714804","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11714804","score":null,"sort":[1546036971000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"kqed-news-most-popular-online-stories-of-2018","title":"Most Popular Stories of 2018 on KQED News","publishDate":1546036971,"format":"image","headTitle":"KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>From answering listeners' questions on \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> to investigating sexual assault in the yoga community, from following the migrant caravan to covering the deadliest and most destructive fire in California history, KQED reported on the issues you needed to know about this year. We've compiled a list of our most popular news stories — based on page views and other metrics — that grabbed our audience's attention as the year comes to a close.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11665993/watch-video-of-airliners-near-disaster-at-sfo\">WATCH: Harrowing NTSB Video of Airliner's Near-Disaster at SFO\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11714807\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Screen-Shot-2018-05-02-at-4.47.42-PM-800x641.png\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11714807 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Screen-Shot-2018-05-02-at-4.47.42-PM-800x641.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"641\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Screen-Shot-2018-05-02-at-4.47.42-PM-800x641.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Screen-Shot-2018-05-02-at-4.47.42-PM-800x641-160x128.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Google Earth view of Runways 28L and 28R at San Francisco International Airport. During a nighttime landing in July 2017, an Air Canada flight crew confused a crowded taxiway at the top of this image with their assigned runway, 28R. \u003ccite>(Google Earth)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The National Transportation Safety Board released a trove of documentation collected after an incident in July 2017 in which an Air Canada jet narrowly avoided landing on a San Francisco International Airport taxiway crowded with airliners waiting to take off.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11643575/stockton-gets-ready-to-experiment-with-universal-basic-income\">\u003cstrong>Stockton Gets Ready to Experiment With Universal Basic Income\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11714811\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1180px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/RS4328_147225167-1180x856.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11714811 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/RS4328_147225167-1180x856.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1180\" height=\"856\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/RS4328_147225167-1180x856.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/RS4328_147225167-1180x856-160x116.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/RS4328_147225167-1180x856-800x580.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/RS4328_147225167-1180x856-1020x740.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/RS4328_147225167-1180x856-960x696.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/RS4328_147225167-1180x856-240x174.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/RS4328_147225167-1180x856-375x272.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/RS4328_147225167-1180x856-520x377.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1180px) 100vw, 1180px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A pedestrian walks by the vacant Bank of Stockton on June 27, 2012, in Stockton, California. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Wage stagnation. Rising housing prices. Loss of middle-class jobs. The looming threat of automation. These are some of the problems facing Stockton and its residents, but the city's mayor, Michael Tubbs, says his city is far from unique.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think Stockton is absolutely ground zero for a lot of the issues we are facing as a nation,” Tubbs said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tubbs is coordinating an effort to test a new way to sustain residents: universal basic income, or UBI. For one year, several dozen Stockton families will get $500 a month, no strings attached.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11701363/huge-cluster-of-octopuses-observed-southwest-of-monterey\">\u003cstrong>Huge Cluster of Octopuses Observed Southwest of Monterey\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11714812\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1180px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/cam1_20181023220412_edited-1180x664.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11714812\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/cam1_20181023220412_edited-1180x664.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1180\" height=\"664\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/cam1_20181023220412_edited-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/cam1_20181023220412_edited-1180x664-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/cam1_20181023220412_edited-1180x664-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/cam1_20181023220412_edited-1180x664-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/cam1_20181023220412_edited-1180x664-960x540.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/cam1_20181023220412_edited-1180x664-240x135.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/cam1_20181023220412_edited-1180x664-375x211.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/cam1_20181023220412_edited-1180x664-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1180px) 100vw, 1180px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Octopuses observed at the Davidson Seamount, an ocean habitat about 80 miles to the southwest of Monterey. \u003ccite>(Ocean Exploration Trust/NOAA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It was at the very end of a 35-hour expedition when scientists spotted the octopuses — more than a thousand of them — in a previously unexplored rocky habitat near the Davidson Seamount, an ocean habitat about 80 miles southwest of Monterey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They were found in \"brooding\" positions, with their arms inverted as they covered their eggs, which they cemented to rocks approximately 10,000 feet below the ocean surface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was the first time scientists had found this type of cluster on the West Coast, and only the second time they have ever been observed.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11690316/metoo-unmasks-the-open-secret-of-sexual-abuse-in-yoga\">#MeToo Unmasks the Open Secret of Sexual Abuse in Yoga\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11648278\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/RS29256_yogaharassment_final01-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11648278\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/RS29256_yogaharassment_final01-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1028\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/RS29256_yogaharassment_final01-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/RS29256_yogaharassment_final01-qut-160x86.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/RS29256_yogaharassment_final01-qut-800x428.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/RS29256_yogaharassment_final01-qut-1020x546.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/RS29256_yogaharassment_final01-qut-1180x632.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/RS29256_yogaharassment_final01-qut-960x514.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/RS29256_yogaharassment_final01-qut-240x129.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/RS29256_yogaharassment_final01-qut-375x201.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/RS29256_yogaharassment_final01-qut-520x278.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In the world of yoga, where there is a long history of sexual misconduct and abuse of power, experts and leaders say, the #MeToo soul-searching is only beginning. \u003ccite>(Mark Fiore/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Women are telling their stories amid a global outcry and reckoning over sexual misconduct and abuse -- the #MeToo movement -- at the highest levels of political office and in many industries, such as film, media and food. The growing number of accounts has forced many businesses and sectors to examine their codes of conduct, reporting processes and handling of bad actors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In yoga, experts and leaders say, that soul-searching is only beginning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED found that the yoga community is struggling to rein in this sexual misconduct and abuse in its ranks. Some experts believe the lack of oversight of teachers and schools is adding to the problems of an industry experiencing explosive growth, where touch and trust are a fundamental part of the practice.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11653858/film-with-footage-after-san-franciscos-1906-quake-found-at-flea-market\">\u003cstrong>Footage of San Francisco After 1906 Quake Found at Flea Market\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11714813\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1180px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Screen-Shot-2018-03-04-at-4.20.26-PM-1-1180x547.png\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11714813\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Screen-Shot-2018-03-04-at-4.20.26-PM-1-1180x547.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1180\" height=\"547\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Screen-Shot-2018-03-04-at-4.20.26-PM-1-1180x547.png 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Screen-Shot-2018-03-04-at-4.20.26-PM-1-1180x547-160x74.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Screen-Shot-2018-03-04-at-4.20.26-PM-1-1180x547-800x371.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Screen-Shot-2018-03-04-at-4.20.26-PM-1-1180x547-1020x473.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Screen-Shot-2018-03-04-at-4.20.26-PM-1-1180x547-960x445.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Screen-Shot-2018-03-04-at-4.20.26-PM-1-1180x547-240x111.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Screen-Shot-2018-03-04-at-4.20.26-PM-1-1180x547-375x174.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Screen-Shot-2018-03-04-at-4.20.26-PM-1-1180x547-520x241.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1180px) 100vw, 1180px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Miles Brothers, Still from 'A Trip Down Market Street,' 1906. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Rick Prelinger)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>More than a century after San Francisco's deadly 1906 earthquake, a film reel surfaced at a flea market with nine minutes of footage capturing the city two weeks after the devastation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The long-lost find portrays some of the city's post-quake decimation, including City Hall with its dome nearly destroyed, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/1906-quake-film-aftermath-found-SF-damage-clip-12722840.php?utm_campaign=twitter-desktop&utm_source=CMS%20Sharing%20Button&utm_medium=social\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">San Francisco Chronicle\u003c/a> said. Much of the city was flattened and thousands were killed in the \"great quake\" and ensuing fire on April 18, 1906.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11667236/what-happened-to-perry-foster-michigan-san-francisco\">\u003cstrong>After His Death on the Street, a San Francisco Tent Resident's Story Comes Into Focus\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11678485\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/perry.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11678485\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/perry.jpg\" alt=\"Perry Foster lived in early 2016 on Division Street between Harrison and Bryant streets. He was from Grand Rapids, Michigan, where he was still a legend among high school classmates as the football star who led his team to an undefeated season and a state championship. Foster died on April 11, 2018.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1537\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/perry.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/perry-160x128.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/perry-800x640.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/perry-1020x817.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/perry-1200x961.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/perry-1180x945.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/perry-960x769.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/perry-240x192.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/perry-375x300.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/perry-520x416.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Perry Foster lived in early 2016 on Division Street between Harrison and Bryant streets. He was from Grand Rapids, Michigan, where he was still a legend among high school classmates as the football star who led his team to an undefeated season and a state championship. Foster died on April 11, 2018. \u003ccite>(Dan Brekke/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Two years ago, a KQED News reporter had a brief meeting with a frank, thoughtful homeless man on the streets of San Francisco. When the man died earlier this year, the reporter learned there was more to his story.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11705958/u-s-hardens-border-at-tijuana-to-prepare-for-migrant-caravan\">\u003cstrong>U.S. Hardens Border at Tijuana to Prepare for Migrant Caravan\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11714818\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1180px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/GettyImages-1061160044-1180x787.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11714818 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/GettyImages-1061160044-1180x787.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1180\" height=\"787\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/GettyImages-1061160044-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/GettyImages-1061160044-1180x787-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/GettyImages-1061160044-1180x787-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/GettyImages-1061160044-1180x787-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/GettyImages-1061160044-1180x787-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/GettyImages-1061160044-1180x787-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/GettyImages-1061160044-1180x787-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/GettyImages-1061160044-1180x787-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1180px) 100vw, 1180px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">U.S. Department of Defense personnel install barriers requested by Customs and Border Protection at the San Ysidro Port of Entry in San Diego, under the Operation Secure Line anticipating the arrival of Central American migrants heading toward the border on Nov. 13, 2018. \u003ccite>(Guillermo Arias/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The U.S. government said it was starting work in November to \"harden\" the border crossing from Tijuana, Mexico, to prepare for the arrival of a migrant caravan leapfrogging its way across western Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The caravans became a campaign issue in U.S. midterm elections and President Trump ordered the deployment of over 5,000 military troops to the border to help fend off the migrants. Trump has \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11703507/fact-check-migrants-are-not-overwhelming-the-southwest-border\">insinuated without proof\u003c/a> that there are criminals or even terrorists in the group.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11659870/a-timeline-leading-up-to-the-youtube-shooting\">A Timeline Leading Up to the YouTube Shooting\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11659817\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1400px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/aghdam.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11659817\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/aghdam.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1400\" height=\"1866\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/aghdam.jpg 1400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/aghdam-160x213.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/aghdam-800x1066.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/aghdam-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/aghdam-1180x1573.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/aghdam-960x1280.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/aghdam-240x320.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/aghdam-375x500.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/aghdam-520x693.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1400px) 100vw, 1400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nasim Najafi Aghdam, who shot three people and then killed herself at YouTube headquarters in San Bruno, was upset with the company, San Bruno Police Chief Ed Barberini said during a press conference. \u003ccite>(San Bruno Police Department)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A woman shot and wounded three people before fatally shooting herself at YouTube's headquarters in San Bruno in April.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The suspect, 39-year-old Nasim Najafi Aghdam, resided in the Riverside County city of Menifee. To earn income, she created videos for a number of websites, including YouTube.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11680592/highlights-from-the-california-democratic-partys-summer-executive-board-meeting\">State Democrats Endorse de León for U.S. Senate Over Feinstein\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11714858\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1180px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/FeinsteinDeLeon-1180x522-1180x522.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11714858\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/FeinsteinDeLeon-1180x522-1180x522.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1180\" height=\"522\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/FeinsteinDeLeon-1180x522-1180x522.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/FeinsteinDeLeon-1180x522-1180x522-160x71.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/FeinsteinDeLeon-1180x522-1180x522-800x354.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/FeinsteinDeLeon-1180x522-1180x522-1020x451.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/FeinsteinDeLeon-1180x522-1180x522-960x425.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/FeinsteinDeLeon-1180x522-1180x522-240x106.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/FeinsteinDeLeon-1180x522-1180x522-375x166.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/FeinsteinDeLeon-1180x522-1180x522-520x230.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1180px) 100vw, 1180px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The California Democratic Party voted to endorse state Sen. Kevin de León (R) over U.S. Sen. Dianne Feinstein (L) for U.S. Senate. \u003ccite>(Mark Wilson/Getty Images and Bert Johnson/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The California Democratic Party’s executive board voted to endorse state Sen. Kevin de León for U.S. Senate over Sen. Dianne Feinstein. De León received 65 percent of the vote, compared to just 7 percent for Feinstein. An endorsement required 60 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11683753/cal-fire-incident-report-on-death-of-dozer-operator-braden-varney\">How Cal Fire Dozer Operator Died: Report Lays Out Steps Leading to Ferguson Fire Tragedy\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11714859\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1180px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/GettyImages-1003516730-1180x786.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11714859 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/GettyImages-1003516730-1180x786.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1180\" height=\"786\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/GettyImages-1003516730-1180x786.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/GettyImages-1003516730-1180x786-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/GettyImages-1003516730-1180x786-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/GettyImages-1003516730-1180x786-1020x679.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1180px) 100vw, 1180px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Firefighters drive along dozer line near the Ferguson Fire in Stanislaus National Forest, near Yosemite National Park, eight days after the fire broke out in mid-July. \u003ccite>(Noah Berger/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A Cal Fire bulldozer operator killed in mid-July during the first hours of the Ferguson Fire near Yosemite was working alone on a treacherous jeep trail when his 42,000-pound machine crashed down a mountainside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Cal Fire report on the death of Braden Varney, 36, also says that fire commanders on the scene of the Ferguson Fire had been unable to communicate with him for more than four hours before he was discovered dead in the wreckage of his machine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report, which KQED obtained under a California Public Records Act request, suggests incident commanders and the bulldozer crew were lax in following basic safety protocols prior to the fatal incident early the morning of July 14.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"We've complied a list of the most popular stories that resonated with our audience this year.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1546043682,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":24,"wordCount":1305},"headData":{"title":"Most Popular Stories of 2018 on KQED News | KQED","description":"We've complied a list of the most popular stories that resonated with our audience this year.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"11714804 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11714804","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2018/12/28/kqed-news-most-popular-online-stories-of-2018/","disqusTitle":"Most Popular Stories of 2018 on KQED News","path":"/news/11714804/kqed-news-most-popular-online-stories-of-2018","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>From answering listeners' questions on \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> to investigating sexual assault in the yoga community, from following the migrant caravan to covering the deadliest and most destructive fire in California history, KQED reported on the issues you needed to know about this year. We've compiled a list of our most popular news stories — based on page views and other metrics — that grabbed our audience's attention as the year comes to a close.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11665993/watch-video-of-airliners-near-disaster-at-sfo\">WATCH: Harrowing NTSB Video of Airliner's Near-Disaster at SFO\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11714807\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Screen-Shot-2018-05-02-at-4.47.42-PM-800x641.png\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11714807 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Screen-Shot-2018-05-02-at-4.47.42-PM-800x641.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"641\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Screen-Shot-2018-05-02-at-4.47.42-PM-800x641.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Screen-Shot-2018-05-02-at-4.47.42-PM-800x641-160x128.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Google Earth view of Runways 28L and 28R at San Francisco International Airport. During a nighttime landing in July 2017, an Air Canada flight crew confused a crowded taxiway at the top of this image with their assigned runway, 28R. \u003ccite>(Google Earth)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The National Transportation Safety Board released a trove of documentation collected after an incident in July 2017 in which an Air Canada jet narrowly avoided landing on a San Francisco International Airport taxiway crowded with airliners waiting to take off.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11643575/stockton-gets-ready-to-experiment-with-universal-basic-income\">\u003cstrong>Stockton Gets Ready to Experiment With Universal Basic Income\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11714811\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1180px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/RS4328_147225167-1180x856.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11714811 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/RS4328_147225167-1180x856.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1180\" height=\"856\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/RS4328_147225167-1180x856.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/RS4328_147225167-1180x856-160x116.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/RS4328_147225167-1180x856-800x580.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/RS4328_147225167-1180x856-1020x740.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/RS4328_147225167-1180x856-960x696.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/RS4328_147225167-1180x856-240x174.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/RS4328_147225167-1180x856-375x272.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/RS4328_147225167-1180x856-520x377.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1180px) 100vw, 1180px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A pedestrian walks by the vacant Bank of Stockton on June 27, 2012, in Stockton, California. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Wage stagnation. Rising housing prices. Loss of middle-class jobs. The looming threat of automation. These are some of the problems facing Stockton and its residents, but the city's mayor, Michael Tubbs, says his city is far from unique.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think Stockton is absolutely ground zero for a lot of the issues we are facing as a nation,” Tubbs said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tubbs is coordinating an effort to test a new way to sustain residents: universal basic income, or UBI. For one year, several dozen Stockton families will get $500 a month, no strings attached.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11701363/huge-cluster-of-octopuses-observed-southwest-of-monterey\">\u003cstrong>Huge Cluster of Octopuses Observed Southwest of Monterey\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11714812\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1180px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/cam1_20181023220412_edited-1180x664.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11714812\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/cam1_20181023220412_edited-1180x664.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1180\" height=\"664\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/cam1_20181023220412_edited-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/cam1_20181023220412_edited-1180x664-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/cam1_20181023220412_edited-1180x664-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/cam1_20181023220412_edited-1180x664-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/cam1_20181023220412_edited-1180x664-960x540.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/cam1_20181023220412_edited-1180x664-240x135.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/cam1_20181023220412_edited-1180x664-375x211.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/cam1_20181023220412_edited-1180x664-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1180px) 100vw, 1180px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Octopuses observed at the Davidson Seamount, an ocean habitat about 80 miles to the southwest of Monterey. \u003ccite>(Ocean Exploration Trust/NOAA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It was at the very end of a 35-hour expedition when scientists spotted the octopuses — more than a thousand of them — in a previously unexplored rocky habitat near the Davidson Seamount, an ocean habitat about 80 miles southwest of Monterey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They were found in \"brooding\" positions, with their arms inverted as they covered their eggs, which they cemented to rocks approximately 10,000 feet below the ocean surface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was the first time scientists had found this type of cluster on the West Coast, and only the second time they have ever been observed.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11690316/metoo-unmasks-the-open-secret-of-sexual-abuse-in-yoga\">#MeToo Unmasks the Open Secret of Sexual Abuse in Yoga\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11648278\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/RS29256_yogaharassment_final01-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11648278\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/RS29256_yogaharassment_final01-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1028\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/RS29256_yogaharassment_final01-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/RS29256_yogaharassment_final01-qut-160x86.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/RS29256_yogaharassment_final01-qut-800x428.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/RS29256_yogaharassment_final01-qut-1020x546.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/RS29256_yogaharassment_final01-qut-1180x632.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/RS29256_yogaharassment_final01-qut-960x514.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/RS29256_yogaharassment_final01-qut-240x129.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/RS29256_yogaharassment_final01-qut-375x201.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/RS29256_yogaharassment_final01-qut-520x278.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In the world of yoga, where there is a long history of sexual misconduct and abuse of power, experts and leaders say, the #MeToo soul-searching is only beginning. \u003ccite>(Mark Fiore/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Women are telling their stories amid a global outcry and reckoning over sexual misconduct and abuse -- the #MeToo movement -- at the highest levels of political office and in many industries, such as film, media and food. The growing number of accounts has forced many businesses and sectors to examine their codes of conduct, reporting processes and handling of bad actors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In yoga, experts and leaders say, that soul-searching is only beginning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED found that the yoga community is struggling to rein in this sexual misconduct and abuse in its ranks. Some experts believe the lack of oversight of teachers and schools is adding to the problems of an industry experiencing explosive growth, where touch and trust are a fundamental part of the practice.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11653858/film-with-footage-after-san-franciscos-1906-quake-found-at-flea-market\">\u003cstrong>Footage of San Francisco After 1906 Quake Found at Flea Market\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11714813\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1180px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Screen-Shot-2018-03-04-at-4.20.26-PM-1-1180x547.png\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11714813\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Screen-Shot-2018-03-04-at-4.20.26-PM-1-1180x547.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1180\" height=\"547\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Screen-Shot-2018-03-04-at-4.20.26-PM-1-1180x547.png 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Screen-Shot-2018-03-04-at-4.20.26-PM-1-1180x547-160x74.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Screen-Shot-2018-03-04-at-4.20.26-PM-1-1180x547-800x371.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Screen-Shot-2018-03-04-at-4.20.26-PM-1-1180x547-1020x473.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Screen-Shot-2018-03-04-at-4.20.26-PM-1-1180x547-960x445.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Screen-Shot-2018-03-04-at-4.20.26-PM-1-1180x547-240x111.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Screen-Shot-2018-03-04-at-4.20.26-PM-1-1180x547-375x174.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Screen-Shot-2018-03-04-at-4.20.26-PM-1-1180x547-520x241.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1180px) 100vw, 1180px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Miles Brothers, Still from 'A Trip Down Market Street,' 1906. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Rick Prelinger)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>More than a century after San Francisco's deadly 1906 earthquake, a film reel surfaced at a flea market with nine minutes of footage capturing the city two weeks after the devastation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The long-lost find portrays some of the city's post-quake decimation, including City Hall with its dome nearly destroyed, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/1906-quake-film-aftermath-found-SF-damage-clip-12722840.php?utm_campaign=twitter-desktop&utm_source=CMS%20Sharing%20Button&utm_medium=social\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">San Francisco Chronicle\u003c/a> said. Much of the city was flattened and thousands were killed in the \"great quake\" and ensuing fire on April 18, 1906.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11667236/what-happened-to-perry-foster-michigan-san-francisco\">\u003cstrong>After His Death on the Street, a San Francisco Tent Resident's Story Comes Into Focus\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11678485\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/perry.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11678485\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/perry.jpg\" alt=\"Perry Foster lived in early 2016 on Division Street between Harrison and Bryant streets. He was from Grand Rapids, Michigan, where he was still a legend among high school classmates as the football star who led his team to an undefeated season and a state championship. Foster died on April 11, 2018.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1537\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/perry.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/perry-160x128.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/perry-800x640.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/perry-1020x817.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/perry-1200x961.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/perry-1180x945.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/perry-960x769.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/perry-240x192.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/perry-375x300.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/perry-520x416.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Perry Foster lived in early 2016 on Division Street between Harrison and Bryant streets. He was from Grand Rapids, Michigan, where he was still a legend among high school classmates as the football star who led his team to an undefeated season and a state championship. Foster died on April 11, 2018. \u003ccite>(Dan Brekke/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Two years ago, a KQED News reporter had a brief meeting with a frank, thoughtful homeless man on the streets of San Francisco. When the man died earlier this year, the reporter learned there was more to his story.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11705958/u-s-hardens-border-at-tijuana-to-prepare-for-migrant-caravan\">\u003cstrong>U.S. Hardens Border at Tijuana to Prepare for Migrant Caravan\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11714818\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1180px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/GettyImages-1061160044-1180x787.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11714818 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/GettyImages-1061160044-1180x787.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1180\" height=\"787\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/GettyImages-1061160044-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/GettyImages-1061160044-1180x787-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/GettyImages-1061160044-1180x787-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/GettyImages-1061160044-1180x787-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/GettyImages-1061160044-1180x787-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/GettyImages-1061160044-1180x787-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/GettyImages-1061160044-1180x787-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/GettyImages-1061160044-1180x787-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1180px) 100vw, 1180px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">U.S. Department of Defense personnel install barriers requested by Customs and Border Protection at the San Ysidro Port of Entry in San Diego, under the Operation Secure Line anticipating the arrival of Central American migrants heading toward the border on Nov. 13, 2018. \u003ccite>(Guillermo Arias/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The U.S. government said it was starting work in November to \"harden\" the border crossing from Tijuana, Mexico, to prepare for the arrival of a migrant caravan leapfrogging its way across western Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The caravans became a campaign issue in U.S. midterm elections and President Trump ordered the deployment of over 5,000 military troops to the border to help fend off the migrants. Trump has \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11703507/fact-check-migrants-are-not-overwhelming-the-southwest-border\">insinuated without proof\u003c/a> that there are criminals or even terrorists in the group.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11659870/a-timeline-leading-up-to-the-youtube-shooting\">A Timeline Leading Up to the YouTube Shooting\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11659817\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1400px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/aghdam.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11659817\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/aghdam.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1400\" height=\"1866\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/aghdam.jpg 1400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/aghdam-160x213.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/aghdam-800x1066.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/aghdam-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/aghdam-1180x1573.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/aghdam-960x1280.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/aghdam-240x320.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/aghdam-375x500.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/aghdam-520x693.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1400px) 100vw, 1400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nasim Najafi Aghdam, who shot three people and then killed herself at YouTube headquarters in San Bruno, was upset with the company, San Bruno Police Chief Ed Barberini said during a press conference. \u003ccite>(San Bruno Police Department)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A woman shot and wounded three people before fatally shooting herself at YouTube's headquarters in San Bruno in April.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The suspect, 39-year-old Nasim Najafi Aghdam, resided in the Riverside County city of Menifee. To earn income, she created videos for a number of websites, including YouTube.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11680592/highlights-from-the-california-democratic-partys-summer-executive-board-meeting\">State Democrats Endorse de León for U.S. Senate Over Feinstein\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11714858\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1180px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/FeinsteinDeLeon-1180x522-1180x522.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11714858\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/FeinsteinDeLeon-1180x522-1180x522.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1180\" height=\"522\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/FeinsteinDeLeon-1180x522-1180x522.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/FeinsteinDeLeon-1180x522-1180x522-160x71.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/FeinsteinDeLeon-1180x522-1180x522-800x354.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/FeinsteinDeLeon-1180x522-1180x522-1020x451.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/FeinsteinDeLeon-1180x522-1180x522-960x425.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/FeinsteinDeLeon-1180x522-1180x522-240x106.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/FeinsteinDeLeon-1180x522-1180x522-375x166.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/FeinsteinDeLeon-1180x522-1180x522-520x230.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1180px) 100vw, 1180px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The California Democratic Party voted to endorse state Sen. Kevin de León (R) over U.S. Sen. Dianne Feinstein (L) for U.S. Senate. \u003ccite>(Mark Wilson/Getty Images and Bert Johnson/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The California Democratic Party’s executive board voted to endorse state Sen. Kevin de León for U.S. Senate over Sen. Dianne Feinstein. De León received 65 percent of the vote, compared to just 7 percent for Feinstein. An endorsement required 60 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11683753/cal-fire-incident-report-on-death-of-dozer-operator-braden-varney\">How Cal Fire Dozer Operator Died: Report Lays Out Steps Leading to Ferguson Fire Tragedy\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11714859\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1180px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/GettyImages-1003516730-1180x786.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11714859 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/GettyImages-1003516730-1180x786.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1180\" height=\"786\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/GettyImages-1003516730-1180x786.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/GettyImages-1003516730-1180x786-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/GettyImages-1003516730-1180x786-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/GettyImages-1003516730-1180x786-1020x679.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1180px) 100vw, 1180px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Firefighters drive along dozer line near the Ferguson Fire in Stanislaus National Forest, near Yosemite National Park, eight days after the fire broke out in mid-July. \u003ccite>(Noah Berger/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A Cal Fire bulldozer operator killed in mid-July during the first hours of the Ferguson Fire near Yosemite was working alone on a treacherous jeep trail when his 42,000-pound machine crashed down a mountainside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Cal Fire report on the death of Braden Varney, 36, also says that fire commanders on the scene of the Ferguson Fire had been unable to communicate with him for more than four hours before he was discovered dead in the wreckage of his machine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report, which KQED obtained under a California Public Records Act request, suggests incident commanders and the bulldozer crew were lax in following basic safety protocols prior to the fatal incident early the morning of July 14.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11714804/kqed-news-most-popular-online-stories-of-2018","authors":["11367"],"categories":["news_1758","news_19906","news_1169","news_6188","news_8","news_13","news_356"],"tags":["news_993","news_6231","news_24483","news_274","news_20305","news_18391","news_22464","news_23138","news_22901","news_4463","news_21362"],"featImg":"news_11714812","label":"news"},"news_11667830":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11667830","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11667830","score":null,"sort":[1526069462000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"san-franciscos-grisly-mobility-reality-1906-style","title":"San Francisco Death Trip: The Street Carnage of 1906","publishDate":1526069462,"format":"standard","headTitle":"The California Report | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":72,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated Sunday, May 13\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[dropcap]S[/dropcap]an Francisco, and cities everywhere, are in the midst of a transportation revolution. You can tell because it's not called \"transportation\" anymore. It's called \"mobility.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We already take the ride-service companies, Uber and Lyft, for granted. Bicyclists are taking to the streets in large numbers. We've got all sorts of shared (rental) bicycles and electric mopeds and electric stand-up scooters that promise to solve transit's \"last mile\" problem, ease traffic congestion and cut greenhouse gas emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Electric skateboards? Yeah, we've got lots of those, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That emerging streetscape is the subject of \u003ca href=\"https://altaonline.com/wheels-of-change/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a recently published article\u003c/a> in the new, Will Hearst-financed Alta magazine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The piece features a bit of philosophizing about what our streets will look like as they evolve -- and how San Francisco's past might offer clues about the coming pedestrian and traffic reality:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>... Let’s consider an ancient bit of black-and-white footage, filmed in San Francisco in the spring of 1906, barely one week before the Great Earthquake and Fire. ... As the camera — which has been attached to the front of a streetcar and shakes with every jostle of the vehicle — records a journey east on Market Street, with the Ferry Building as its terminus, a different set of correlations begins to emerge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pedestrians cut in front of the streetcar with seeming impunity, while cars and horse-drawn carts veer in and out of traffic lanes. The effect is somewhat chaotic, as if the citizens haven’t yet learned how to use the streets. In fact, however, it is a portrait of another version of city living, in which the streets have not yet been taken over by the automobile.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When we turned streets into pipes of cars over the past century,” Amin argues, “we did all kinds of damage to communities, we killed people, and created traffic jams.” In this glimpse of San Francisco on the eve of its destruction, then, we observe not just the city as it was but also (perhaps) as it may again be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The instructive thing,” Tierney said of the film during a 2016 Curbed digital symposium, “is seeing people walk without being conditioned to walk under the front of buildings. They just use the space whatever way they want. Up until about 100 years ago, that was how everyone experienced the city. Only recently have we been trained to walk dutifully along a little sidewalk, waiting for the man on the sign to turn from white to red.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\"A portrait of another version of city living\"? \"Trained to walk dutifully along a little sidewalk\"? That makes it sound like we're missing out on some kind of pedestrian paradise of the pre-automobile past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It made me think: How many people were dying on the city streets depicted in \u003ca href=\"https://youtu.be/jZpKqOoMpnk\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">that 1906 film\u003c/a>? That question prompted a quick review of vehicle-related deaths in the city, principally in \u003ca href=\"https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:33S7-95FQ-9ZZW?i=144&owc=319R-W38%3A20726101%3Fcc%3D1402856&wc=319R-DPX%3A20726101%2C33207001&cc=1402856\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">city coroner's records\u003c/a> digitized by FamilySearch.org and 1906 issues of the San Francisco Call available through the \u003ca href=\"https://cdnc.ucr.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Digital Newspaper Collection\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The overall death toll -- at least 95 in a San Francisco with less than half the population of today's city -- was surprisingly high. Also eye-opening, for me, was the principal cause of vehicle-related deaths.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The main menace plying the city streets in the year of the Great Earthquake was not automotive. Though frequent collisions involving motorcars were reported, just seven people were reported killed by motor vehicles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seven others died in incidents involving trains (that count does not include the dozen or more railroad workers killed in the city's train yards during the year).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twenty deaths involved horse-drawn vehicles that struck and killed bystanders or sometimes their own drivers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the real scourge for people venturing through San Francisco's boulevards was the streetcar. Sixty-one people were listed as dying in incidents involving the frequently overcrowded transit vehicles. People fell from the cars. They were run down crossing tracks. Many were fatally injured as they got on or off the cars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Call often related these fatalities in excruciatingly explicit detail. Skulls were crushed. Heads were severed. Limbs were torn off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's how the paper described the demise of a teenager named Helen Umfrid, who died while changing cars at Mission and Third streets:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"Mowed down by the thirty-ton juggernaut, her body was churned round the forward wheels and mangled so frightfully that it became almost welded to the [car] and could not be removed for more than an hour. When it was finally recovered the appearance it presented unnerved the great gathering that had watched employees of the United Railroads working round the car with primitive wrecking apparatus, and heads were turned away as it was borne to the Morgue wagon.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>This account of the vehicle toll in the city doesn't count the dozens or hundreds of incidents in which people were injured. And it portrays the city at a moment when it was about to change dramatically. By 1927, automobiles ruled the streets and accounted for a huge majority of the record 158 vehicle-related deaths reported that year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the sake of comparing 1906 San Francisco with its modern self: The city has averaged about 30 traffic deaths a year since 2005, according to the city's Vision Zero program. The 20 fatalities recorded last year was the lowest figure in the city's modern history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given the city's population of roughly 450,000 people in 1906, the incidence of traffic-related deaths was about 21 per 100,000. The approximate incidence in current-day San Francisco -- where we'll use the average of 30 deaths a year and a population of 800,000 -- is 3.75/100,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe title=\"Vehicle-Related Deaths in San Francisco, 1906\" aria-label=\"Long Table\" id=\"datawrapper-chart-gFHhI\" src=\"//datawrapper.dwcdn.net/gFHhI/2/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"width: 0; min-width: 100% !important;\" height=\"17400\" width=\"100%\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A look back at a city where traffic chaos carried a high price -- especially for those who tangled with the city's streetcars. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1557621588,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":26,"wordCount":983},"headData":{"title":"San Francisco Death Trip: The Street Carnage of 1906 | KQED","description":"A look back at a city where traffic chaos carried a high price -- especially for those who tangled with the city's streetcars. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"11667830 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11667830","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2018/05/11/san-franciscos-grisly-mobility-reality-1906-style/","disqusTitle":"San Francisco Death Trip: The Street Carnage of 1906","path":"/news/11667830/san-franciscos-grisly-mobility-reality-1906-style","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated Sunday, May 13\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">S\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>an Francisco, and cities everywhere, are in the midst of a transportation revolution. You can tell because it's not called \"transportation\" anymore. It's called \"mobility.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We already take the ride-service companies, Uber and Lyft, for granted. Bicyclists are taking to the streets in large numbers. We've got all sorts of shared (rental) bicycles and electric mopeds and electric stand-up scooters that promise to solve transit's \"last mile\" problem, ease traffic congestion and cut greenhouse gas emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Electric skateboards? Yeah, we've got lots of those, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That emerging streetscape is the subject of \u003ca href=\"https://altaonline.com/wheels-of-change/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a recently published article\u003c/a> in the new, Will Hearst-financed Alta magazine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The piece features a bit of philosophizing about what our streets will look like as they evolve -- and how San Francisco's past might offer clues about the coming pedestrian and traffic reality:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>... Let’s consider an ancient bit of black-and-white footage, filmed in San Francisco in the spring of 1906, barely one week before the Great Earthquake and Fire. ... As the camera — which has been attached to the front of a streetcar and shakes with every jostle of the vehicle — records a journey east on Market Street, with the Ferry Building as its terminus, a different set of correlations begins to emerge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pedestrians cut in front of the streetcar with seeming impunity, while cars and horse-drawn carts veer in and out of traffic lanes. The effect is somewhat chaotic, as if the citizens haven’t yet learned how to use the streets. In fact, however, it is a portrait of another version of city living, in which the streets have not yet been taken over by the automobile.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When we turned streets into pipes of cars over the past century,” Amin argues, “we did all kinds of damage to communities, we killed people, and created traffic jams.” In this glimpse of San Francisco on the eve of its destruction, then, we observe not just the city as it was but also (perhaps) as it may again be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The instructive thing,” Tierney said of the film during a 2016 Curbed digital symposium, “is seeing people walk without being conditioned to walk under the front of buildings. They just use the space whatever way they want. Up until about 100 years ago, that was how everyone experienced the city. Only recently have we been trained to walk dutifully along a little sidewalk, waiting for the man on the sign to turn from white to red.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\"A portrait of another version of city living\"? \"Trained to walk dutifully along a little sidewalk\"? That makes it sound like we're missing out on some kind of pedestrian paradise of the pre-automobile past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It made me think: How many people were dying on the city streets depicted in \u003ca href=\"https://youtu.be/jZpKqOoMpnk\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">that 1906 film\u003c/a>? That question prompted a quick review of vehicle-related deaths in the city, principally in \u003ca href=\"https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:33S7-95FQ-9ZZW?i=144&owc=319R-W38%3A20726101%3Fcc%3D1402856&wc=319R-DPX%3A20726101%2C33207001&cc=1402856\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">city coroner's records\u003c/a> digitized by FamilySearch.org and 1906 issues of the San Francisco Call available through the \u003ca href=\"https://cdnc.ucr.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Digital Newspaper Collection\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The overall death toll -- at least 95 in a San Francisco with less than half the population of today's city -- was surprisingly high. Also eye-opening, for me, was the principal cause of vehicle-related deaths.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The main menace plying the city streets in the year of the Great Earthquake was not automotive. Though frequent collisions involving motorcars were reported, just seven people were reported killed by motor vehicles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seven others died in incidents involving trains (that count does not include the dozen or more railroad workers killed in the city's train yards during the year).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twenty deaths involved horse-drawn vehicles that struck and killed bystanders or sometimes their own drivers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the real scourge for people venturing through San Francisco's boulevards was the streetcar. Sixty-one people were listed as dying in incidents involving the frequently overcrowded transit vehicles. People fell from the cars. They were run down crossing tracks. Many were fatally injured as they got on or off the cars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Call often related these fatalities in excruciatingly explicit detail. Skulls were crushed. Heads were severed. Limbs were torn off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's how the paper described the demise of a teenager named Helen Umfrid, who died while changing cars at Mission and Third streets:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"Mowed down by the thirty-ton juggernaut, her body was churned round the forward wheels and mangled so frightfully that it became almost welded to the [car] and could not be removed for more than an hour. When it was finally recovered the appearance it presented unnerved the great gathering that had watched employees of the United Railroads working round the car with primitive wrecking apparatus, and heads were turned away as it was borne to the Morgue wagon.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>This account of the vehicle toll in the city doesn't count the dozens or hundreds of incidents in which people were injured. And it portrays the city at a moment when it was about to change dramatically. By 1927, automobiles ruled the streets and accounted for a huge majority of the record 158 vehicle-related deaths reported that year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the sake of comparing 1906 San Francisco with its modern self: The city has averaged about 30 traffic deaths a year since 2005, according to the city's Vision Zero program. The 20 fatalities recorded last year was the lowest figure in the city's modern history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given the city's population of roughly 450,000 people in 1906, the incidence of traffic-related deaths was about 21 per 100,000. The approximate incidence in current-day San Francisco -- where we'll use the average of 30 deaths a year and a population of 800,000 -- is 3.75/100,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe title=\"Vehicle-Related Deaths in San Francisco, 1906\" aria-label=\"Long Table\" id=\"datawrapper-chart-gFHhI\" src=\"//datawrapper.dwcdn.net/gFHhI/2/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"width: 0; min-width: 100% !important;\" height=\"17400\" width=\"100%\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11667830/san-franciscos-grisly-mobility-reality-1906-style","authors":["222"],"programs":["news_72"],"categories":["news_8","news_1397"],"tags":["news_993","news_19542","news_38"],"featImg":"news_11667867","label":"news_72"},"news_11653858":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11653858","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11653858","score":null,"sort":[1520211540000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"film-with-footage-after-san-franciscos-1906-quake-found-at-flea-market","title":"Footage of San Francisco After 1906 Quake Found at Flea Market","publishDate":1520211540,"format":"standard","headTitle":"News Fix | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":6944,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>More than a century after San Francisco's deadly 1906 earthquake, a film reel with nine minutes of footage capturing the city two weeks after the devastation surfaced at a flea market and it will soon be shown to the public, according to a newspaper report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The long-lost find portrays some of the city's post-quake decimation, including City Hall with its dome nearly destroyed, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/1906-quake-film-aftermath-found-SF-damage-clip-12722840.php?utm_campaign=twitter-desktop&utm_source=CMS%20Sharing%20Button&utm_medium=social\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">San Francisco Chronicle\u003c/a> said Saturday. Much of the city was flattened and thousands were killed in the so-called \"great quake\" and ensuing fire on April 18, 1906.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The nitrate film reel discovered at San Francisco's Alemany Flea Market was shot by early filmmakers, the Miles Brothers. The footage is a bookend to their most famous work\u003ca href=\"https://www.loc.gov/item/00694408\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> \"A Trip Down Market Street,\"\u003c/a> a 13-minute silent film shot from a cable car days before the earthquake, said film historian David Kiehn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/jZpKqOoMpnk\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new footage captures a similar journey down the city's main thoroughfare, but shows many of the buildings collapsed to the ground. The reel also features a mob of horse wagons and carts, people waiting to get on a ferry to cross San Francisco Bay to Oakland and damaged buildings being blown up with dynamite.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Miles Brothers footage shot after the earthquake is extremely difficult to find,\" Kiehn told the Chronicle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They shot nearly two hours of post-quake film but almost none of it had been known to survive, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kiehn has spent the past eight months preparing a digital version that will premiere at the Niles Essanay Silent Film Museum in Fremont on April 14, just a few days shy of the quake's anniversary.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The long-lost film portrays some of the city's post-quake decimation, including City Hall with its dome nearly destroyed.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1520280426,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":9,"wordCount":287},"headData":{"title":"Footage of San Francisco After 1906 Quake Found at Flea Market | KQED","description":"The long-lost film portrays some of the city's post-quake decimation, including City Hall with its dome nearly destroyed.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"11653858 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11653858","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2018/03/04/film-with-footage-after-san-franciscos-1906-quake-found-at-flea-market/","disqusTitle":"Footage of San Francisco After 1906 Quake Found at Flea Market","nprByline":"Associated Press","path":"/news/11653858/film-with-footage-after-san-franciscos-1906-quake-found-at-flea-market","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>More than a century after San Francisco's deadly 1906 earthquake, a film reel with nine minutes of footage capturing the city two weeks after the devastation surfaced at a flea market and it will soon be shown to the public, according to a newspaper report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The long-lost find portrays some of the city's post-quake decimation, including City Hall with its dome nearly destroyed, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/1906-quake-film-aftermath-found-SF-damage-clip-12722840.php?utm_campaign=twitter-desktop&utm_source=CMS%20Sharing%20Button&utm_medium=social\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">San Francisco Chronicle\u003c/a> said Saturday. Much of the city was flattened and thousands were killed in the so-called \"great quake\" and ensuing fire on April 18, 1906.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The nitrate film reel discovered at San Francisco's Alemany Flea Market was shot by early filmmakers, the Miles Brothers. The footage is a bookend to their most famous work\u003ca href=\"https://www.loc.gov/item/00694408\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> \"A Trip Down Market Street,\"\u003c/a> a 13-minute silent film shot from a cable car days before the earthquake, said film historian David Kiehn.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/jZpKqOoMpnk'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/jZpKqOoMpnk'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>The new footage captures a similar journey down the city's main thoroughfare, but shows many of the buildings collapsed to the ground. The reel also features a mob of horse wagons and carts, people waiting to get on a ferry to cross San Francisco Bay to Oakland and damaged buildings being blown up with dynamite.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Miles Brothers footage shot after the earthquake is extremely difficult to find,\" Kiehn told the Chronicle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They shot nearly two hours of post-quake film but almost none of it had been known to survive, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kiehn has spent the past eight months preparing a digital version that will premiere at the Niles Essanay Silent Film Museum in Fremont on April 14, just a few days shy of the quake's anniversary.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11653858/film-with-footage-after-san-franciscos-1906-quake-found-at-flea-market","authors":["byline_news_11653858"],"programs":["news_6944"],"categories":["news_223","news_8"],"tags":["news_993","news_19542","news_17719","news_22713"],"featImg":"news_11653860","label":"news_6944"},"news_11648324":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11648324","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11648324","score":null,"sort":[1518468318000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"californias-other-drought-a-major-earthquake-is-overdue","title":"California's Other Drought: A Major Earthquake Is Overdue","publishDate":1518468318,"format":"standard","headTitle":"The California Report | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":72,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/profiles/richard-aster-331808\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Richard Aster\u003c/a> is professor of geophysics at \u003ca href=\"http://theconversation.com/institutions/colorado-state-university-1267\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Colorado State University\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California earthquakes are a geologic inevitability. The state straddles the North American and Pacific tectonic plates and is crisscrossed by the San Andreas and other active fault systems. The magnitude 7.9 earthquake that struck off Alaska’s Kodiak Island on Jan. 23, 2018, was just the latest reminder of major seismic activity along the Pacific Rim.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tragic quakes that occurred in 2017 \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2017/11/12/middleeast/iraq-earthquake/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">near the Iran-Iraq border\u003c/a> and in \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/08/world/americas/mexico-earthquake.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">central Mexico\u003c/a>, with magnitudes of 7.3 and 7.1, respectively, are well within the range of earthquake sizes that have a high likelihood of occurring in highly populated parts of California during the next few decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The earthquake situation in California is actually more dire than people who aren’t seismologists like myself may realize. Although many Californians can recount experiencing an earthquake, most have never personally experienced a strong one. For major events, with magnitudes of 7 or greater, California is actually in an \u003ca href=\"http://projects.scpr.org/timelines/historic-california-earthquakes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">earthquake drought\u003c/a>. Multiple segments of the expansive San Andreas Fault system are now sufficiently stressed to produce large and damaging events.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The good news is that earthquake readiness is part of the state’s culture, and earthquake science is advancing -- including much-improved simulations of large quake effects and development of an early warning system for the Pacific coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The Last Big One\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>California occupies a central place in the history of seismology. The April 18, 1906, San Francisco earthquake (magnitude 7.8) was pivotal to both earthquake hazard awareness and the development of earthquake science -- including the fundamental insight that earthquakes arise from faults that abruptly rupture and slip. The San Andreas Fault slipped by as much as 20 feet (6 meters) in this earthquake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although ground-shaking damage was severe in many places along the nearly 310-mile (500-kilometer) fault rupture, much of San Francisco was actually destroyed by the subsequent fire, due to the large number of ignition points and a breakdown in emergency services. That scenario continues to haunt earthquake response planners. Consider what might happen if a major earthquake were to strike Los Angeles during fire season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11648354\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11648354\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/quake2-file-20180126-100908-wl4bex-800x531.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"531\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/quake2-file-20180126-100908-wl4bex-800x531.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/quake2-file-20180126-100908-wl4bex-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/quake2-file-20180126-100908-wl4bex-1020x677.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/quake2-file-20180126-100908-wl4bex-960x638.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/quake2-file-20180126-100908-wl4bex-240x159.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/quake2-file-20180126-100908-wl4bex-375x249.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/quake2-file-20180126-100908-wl4bex-520x345.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/quake2-file-20180126-100908-wl4bex.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Collapsed Santa Monica Freeway bridge across La Cienega Boulevard, Los Angeles, after the Northridge earthquake, Jan. 17, 1994. \u003ccite>(\u003ca class=\"source\" href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:FEMA_-_1766_-_Photograph_by_Robert_A._Eplett_taken_on_01-17-1994_in_California.jpg\">Robert A. Eplett/FEMA\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Seismic Science\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>When a major earthquake occurs anywhere on the planet, \u003ca href=\"https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">modern global seismographic networks and rapid response protocols\u003c/a> now enable scientists, emergency responders and the public to assess it quickly -- typically, within tens of minutes or less -- including location, magnitude, ground motion and estimated casualties and property losses. And by studying the buildup of stresses along mapped faults, \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/seismologists-deploy-after-a-quake-to-learn-more-so-we-can-prepare-for-the-next-one-34472\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">past earthquake history\u003c/a>, and other data and modeling, we can forecast likelihoods and magnitudes of earthquakes over long time periods in California and elsewhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the interplay of stresses and faults in the Earth is dauntingly chaotic. And even with continuing advances in basic research and ever-improving data, laboratory and theoretical studies, there are no known reliable and universal precursory phenomena to suggest that the time, location and size of individual large earthquakes can be predicted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Major earthquakes thus typically occur with no immediate warning whatsoever, and mitigating risks requires sustained readiness and resource commitments. This can pose serious challenges, since cities and nations may thrive for many decades or longer without experiencing major earthquakes.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>California’s Earthquake Drought\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The 1906 San Francisco earthquake was the last quake greater than magnitude 7 to occur on the San Andreas Fault system. The inexorable motions of plate tectonics mean that every year, strands of the fault system accumulate stresses that correspond to a seismic slip of millimeters to centimeters. Eventually, these stresses will be released suddenly in earthquakes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the central-southern stretch of the San Andreas Fault has not slipped since 1857, and the southernmost segment may not have ruptured since 1680. The highly urbanized \u003ca href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5013/sir20175013ah.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Hayward Fault\u003c/a> in the East Bay region has not generated a major earthquake since 1868.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reflecting this deficit, the \u003ca href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2015/3009/pdf/fs2015-3009.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Uniform California Earthquake Rupture Forecast\u003c/a> estimates that there is a 93 percent probability of a 7.0 or larger earthquake occurring in the Golden State region by 2045, with the highest probabilities occurring along the San Andreas Fault system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11648355\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11648355\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/quake3-file-20180126-100893-18czthx-800x572.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"572\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/quake3-file-20180126-100893-18czthx-800x572.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/quake3-file-20180126-100893-18czthx-160x114.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/quake3-file-20180126-100893-18czthx-960x686.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/quake3-file-20180126-100893-18czthx-240x172.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/quake3-file-20180126-100893-18czthx-375x268.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/quake3-file-20180126-100893-18czthx-520x372.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/quake3-file-20180126-100893-18czthx.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Perspective view of California’s major faults, showing forecast probabilities estimated by the third Uniform California Earthquake Rupture Forecast. The color bar shows the estimated percent likelihood of a magnitude 6.7 or larger earthquake during the next 30 years, as of 2014. Note that nearly the entire San Andreas Fault system is red. \u003ccite>(\u003ca class=\"source\" href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:UCERF3_fig01-b.jpg\">USGS\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Can California Do More?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>California’s population has grown more than 20-fold since the 1906 earthquake and currently is close to 40 million. Many residents and all state emergency managers are widely engaged in earthquake readiness and planning. These preparations are among the most advanced in the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the general public, preparations include participating in drills like the \u003ca href=\"https://www.shakeout.org/california/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Great California Shakeout\u003c/a>, held annually since 2008, and preparing for earthquakes and other natural hazards with \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/EPO/Pages/BePreparedCalifornia.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">home and car disaster kits and a family disaster plan\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No California earthquake since the 1933 Long Beach event (6.4) has killed more than 100 people. Quakes in 1971 (San Fernando, 6.7); 1989 (Loma Prieta; 6.9); 1994 (Northridge; 6.7); and 2014 (South Napa; 6.0) each caused more than $1 billion in property damage, but fatalities in each event were, remarkably, dozens or less. Strong and proactive implementation of seismically informed building codes and other preparations and emergency planning in California saved scores of lives in these medium-sized earthquakes. Any of them could have been disastrous in less prepared nations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://player.vimeo.com/video/142904146\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nonetheless, California’s infrastructure, response planning and general preparedness will doubtlessly be tested when the inevitable and long-delayed “big ones” occur along the San Andreas Fault system. Ultimate damage and casualty levels are hard to project and hinge on the severity of associated hazards such as landslides and fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several nations and regions now have or are developing earthquake early warning systems, which use early detected ground motion near a quake’s origin to alert more distant populations before strong seismic shaking arrives. This permits rapid responses that can reduce infrastructure damage. Such systems provide warning times of up to tens of seconds in the most favorable circumstances, but the notice will likely be shorter than this for many California earthquakes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Early warning systems are operational now in Japan, Taiwan, Mexico and Romania. Systems in \u003ca href=\"http://www.cisn.org/eew/eew.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"https://pnsn.org/pnsn-data-products/earthquake-early-warning\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pacific Northwest\u003c/a> are presently under development with early versions in operation. Earthquake early warning is by no means a panacea for saving lives and property, but it represents a significant step toward improving earthquake safety and awareness along the West Coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"https://counter.theconversation.com/content/90517/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic\" alt=\"The Conversation\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\">Managing earthquake risk requires a resilient system of social awareness, education and communications, coupled with effective short- and long-term responses and implemented within an optimally safe built environment. As California prepares for large earthquakes after a hiatus of more than a century, the clock is ticking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article originally appeared in \u003ca href=\"http://theconversation.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Conversation\u003c/a>, an online publication that features academics writing about their research and ideas for the public. KQED and The Conversation are partners in the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/californiadream/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Dream\u003c/a> project, a collaboration looking at the Golden State's promise, whether we are achieving it, and the future of California.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Multiple segments of the expansive San Andreas Fault system are now sufficiently stressed to produce large and damaging events.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1518648342,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":24,"wordCount":1230},"headData":{"title":"California's Other Drought: A Major Earthquake Is Overdue | KQED","description":"Multiple segments of the expansive San Andreas Fault system are now sufficiently stressed to produce large and damaging events.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"11648324 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11648324","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2018/02/12/californias-other-drought-a-major-earthquake-is-overdue/","disqusTitle":"California's Other Drought: A Major Earthquake Is Overdue","nprByline":"\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/profiles/richard-aster-331808\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Richard Aster\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr />\u003cem>Colorado State, for \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com\">The Conversation\u003c/a>\u003c/em>","path":"/news/11648324/californias-other-drought-a-major-earthquake-is-overdue","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/profiles/richard-aster-331808\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Richard Aster\u003c/a> is professor of geophysics at \u003ca href=\"http://theconversation.com/institutions/colorado-state-university-1267\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Colorado State University\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California earthquakes are a geologic inevitability. The state straddles the North American and Pacific tectonic plates and is crisscrossed by the San Andreas and other active fault systems. The magnitude 7.9 earthquake that struck off Alaska’s Kodiak Island on Jan. 23, 2018, was just the latest reminder of major seismic activity along the Pacific Rim.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tragic quakes that occurred in 2017 \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2017/11/12/middleeast/iraq-earthquake/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">near the Iran-Iraq border\u003c/a> and in \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/08/world/americas/mexico-earthquake.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">central Mexico\u003c/a>, with magnitudes of 7.3 and 7.1, respectively, are well within the range of earthquake sizes that have a high likelihood of occurring in highly populated parts of California during the next few decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The earthquake situation in California is actually more dire than people who aren’t seismologists like myself may realize. Although many Californians can recount experiencing an earthquake, most have never personally experienced a strong one. For major events, with magnitudes of 7 or greater, California is actually in an \u003ca href=\"http://projects.scpr.org/timelines/historic-california-earthquakes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">earthquake drought\u003c/a>. Multiple segments of the expansive San Andreas Fault system are now sufficiently stressed to produce large and damaging events.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The good news is that earthquake readiness is part of the state’s culture, and earthquake science is advancing -- including much-improved simulations of large quake effects and development of an early warning system for the Pacific coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The Last Big One\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>California occupies a central place in the history of seismology. The April 18, 1906, San Francisco earthquake (magnitude 7.8) was pivotal to both earthquake hazard awareness and the development of earthquake science -- including the fundamental insight that earthquakes arise from faults that abruptly rupture and slip. The San Andreas Fault slipped by as much as 20 feet (6 meters) in this earthquake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although ground-shaking damage was severe in many places along the nearly 310-mile (500-kilometer) fault rupture, much of San Francisco was actually destroyed by the subsequent fire, due to the large number of ignition points and a breakdown in emergency services. That scenario continues to haunt earthquake response planners. Consider what might happen if a major earthquake were to strike Los Angeles during fire season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11648354\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11648354\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/quake2-file-20180126-100908-wl4bex-800x531.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"531\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/quake2-file-20180126-100908-wl4bex-800x531.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/quake2-file-20180126-100908-wl4bex-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/quake2-file-20180126-100908-wl4bex-1020x677.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/quake2-file-20180126-100908-wl4bex-960x638.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/quake2-file-20180126-100908-wl4bex-240x159.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/quake2-file-20180126-100908-wl4bex-375x249.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/quake2-file-20180126-100908-wl4bex-520x345.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/quake2-file-20180126-100908-wl4bex.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Collapsed Santa Monica Freeway bridge across La Cienega Boulevard, Los Angeles, after the Northridge earthquake, Jan. 17, 1994. \u003ccite>(\u003ca class=\"source\" href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:FEMA_-_1766_-_Photograph_by_Robert_A._Eplett_taken_on_01-17-1994_in_California.jpg\">Robert A. Eplett/FEMA\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Seismic Science\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>When a major earthquake occurs anywhere on the planet, \u003ca href=\"https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">modern global seismographic networks and rapid response protocols\u003c/a> now enable scientists, emergency responders and the public to assess it quickly -- typically, within tens of minutes or less -- including location, magnitude, ground motion and estimated casualties and property losses. And by studying the buildup of stresses along mapped faults, \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/seismologists-deploy-after-a-quake-to-learn-more-so-we-can-prepare-for-the-next-one-34472\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">past earthquake history\u003c/a>, and other data and modeling, we can forecast likelihoods and magnitudes of earthquakes over long time periods in California and elsewhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the interplay of stresses and faults in the Earth is dauntingly chaotic. And even with continuing advances in basic research and ever-improving data, laboratory and theoretical studies, there are no known reliable and universal precursory phenomena to suggest that the time, location and size of individual large earthquakes can be predicted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Major earthquakes thus typically occur with no immediate warning whatsoever, and mitigating risks requires sustained readiness and resource commitments. This can pose serious challenges, since cities and nations may thrive for many decades or longer without experiencing major earthquakes.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>California’s Earthquake Drought\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The 1906 San Francisco earthquake was the last quake greater than magnitude 7 to occur on the San Andreas Fault system. The inexorable motions of plate tectonics mean that every year, strands of the fault system accumulate stresses that correspond to a seismic slip of millimeters to centimeters. Eventually, these stresses will be released suddenly in earthquakes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the central-southern stretch of the San Andreas Fault has not slipped since 1857, and the southernmost segment may not have ruptured since 1680. The highly urbanized \u003ca href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5013/sir20175013ah.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Hayward Fault\u003c/a> in the East Bay region has not generated a major earthquake since 1868.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reflecting this deficit, the \u003ca href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2015/3009/pdf/fs2015-3009.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Uniform California Earthquake Rupture Forecast\u003c/a> estimates that there is a 93 percent probability of a 7.0 or larger earthquake occurring in the Golden State region by 2045, with the highest probabilities occurring along the San Andreas Fault system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11648355\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11648355\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/quake3-file-20180126-100893-18czthx-800x572.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"572\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/quake3-file-20180126-100893-18czthx-800x572.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/quake3-file-20180126-100893-18czthx-160x114.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/quake3-file-20180126-100893-18czthx-960x686.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/quake3-file-20180126-100893-18czthx-240x172.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/quake3-file-20180126-100893-18czthx-375x268.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/quake3-file-20180126-100893-18czthx-520x372.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/quake3-file-20180126-100893-18czthx.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Perspective view of California’s major faults, showing forecast probabilities estimated by the third Uniform California Earthquake Rupture Forecast. The color bar shows the estimated percent likelihood of a magnitude 6.7 or larger earthquake during the next 30 years, as of 2014. Note that nearly the entire San Andreas Fault system is red. \u003ccite>(\u003ca class=\"source\" href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:UCERF3_fig01-b.jpg\">USGS\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Can California Do More?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>California’s population has grown more than 20-fold since the 1906 earthquake and currently is close to 40 million. Many residents and all state emergency managers are widely engaged in earthquake readiness and planning. These preparations are among the most advanced in the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the general public, preparations include participating in drills like the \u003ca href=\"https://www.shakeout.org/california/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Great California Shakeout\u003c/a>, held annually since 2008, and preparing for earthquakes and other natural hazards with \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/EPO/Pages/BePreparedCalifornia.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">home and car disaster kits and a family disaster plan\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No California earthquake since the 1933 Long Beach event (6.4) has killed more than 100 people. Quakes in 1971 (San Fernando, 6.7); 1989 (Loma Prieta; 6.9); 1994 (Northridge; 6.7); and 2014 (South Napa; 6.0) each caused more than $1 billion in property damage, but fatalities in each event were, remarkably, dozens or less. Strong and proactive implementation of seismically informed building codes and other preparations and emergency planning in California saved scores of lives in these medium-sized earthquakes. Any of them could have been disastrous in less prepared nations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://player.vimeo.com/video/142904146\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nonetheless, California’s infrastructure, response planning and general preparedness will doubtlessly be tested when the inevitable and long-delayed “big ones” occur along the San Andreas Fault system. Ultimate damage and casualty levels are hard to project and hinge on the severity of associated hazards such as landslides and fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several nations and regions now have or are developing earthquake early warning systems, which use early detected ground motion near a quake’s origin to alert more distant populations before strong seismic shaking arrives. This permits rapid responses that can reduce infrastructure damage. Such systems provide warning times of up to tens of seconds in the most favorable circumstances, but the notice will likely be shorter than this for many California earthquakes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Early warning systems are operational now in Japan, Taiwan, Mexico and Romania. Systems in \u003ca href=\"http://www.cisn.org/eew/eew.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"https://pnsn.org/pnsn-data-products/earthquake-early-warning\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pacific Northwest\u003c/a> are presently under development with early versions in operation. Earthquake early warning is by no means a panacea for saving lives and property, but it represents a significant step toward improving earthquake safety and awareness along the West Coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"https://counter.theconversation.com/content/90517/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic\" alt=\"The Conversation\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\">Managing earthquake risk requires a resilient system of social awareness, education and communications, coupled with effective short- and long-term responses and implemented within an optimally safe built environment. As California prepares for large earthquakes after a hiatus of more than a century, the clock is ticking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article originally appeared in \u003ca href=\"http://theconversation.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Conversation\u003c/a>, an online publication that features academics writing about their research and ideas for the public. KQED and The Conversation are partners in the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/californiadream/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Dream\u003c/a> project, a collaboration looking at the Golden State's promise, whether we are achieving it, and the future of California.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11648324/californias-other-drought-a-major-earthquake-is-overdue","authors":["byline_news_11648324"],"programs":["news_6944","news_72"],"categories":["news_8","news_356"],"tags":["news_993","news_19991","news_17826","news_6902","news_3091"],"featImg":"news_11648327","label":"news_72"},"news_11622273":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11622273","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11622273","score":null,"sort":[1507824034000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"what-are-the-mysterious-brick-circles-in-san-francisco-intersections","title":"What are the Mysterious Brick Circles in San Francisco Intersections?","publishDate":1507824034,"format":"audio","headTitle":"What are the Mysterious Brick Circles in San Francisco Intersections? | KQED","labelTerm":{"term":33523,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>Spend some time walking around San Francisco, and you’ll probably notice the large brick circles decorating the pavement at some intersections. They can be found all over the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the years, Bay Curious has received dozens of questions about these mysterious circles. The latest one came from listener Matthew Cross.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriouspodcastinfo]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Turns out, those circles date back to the mid-1800s, and they mark huge underground tanks, or cisterns, that hold water to fight fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are more than 170 cisterns scattered throughout San Francisco. And some hold as much water as two backyard swimming pools, says Katie Miller, the city’s water division manager.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11622816\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11622816\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/14974407252_0472093c4e_o-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"A brick circle marks an underground cistern in Potrero Hill.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/14974407252_0472093c4e_o-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/14974407252_0472093c4e_o-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/14974407252_0472093c4e_o-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/14974407252_0472093c4e_o-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/14974407252_0472093c4e_o-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/14974407252_0472093c4e_o-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/14974407252_0472093c4e_o-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/14974407252_0472093c4e_o-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/14974407252_0472093c4e_o-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A brick circle marks an underground cistern in Potrero Hill. \u003ccite>(\u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/markhogan/14974407252/in/photolist-gMTKYV-GCuDYq-oPeKzo-EMRQXn\" target=\"_blank\">Mark Hogan/Flickr\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The city just finished building 30 new cisterns, many of them in places where there weren’t any, or where they could be key in stopping fires from spreading. Each costs about $1 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So if you think about it, that’s about the cost of a really nice new home,” says Miller. “It’s about the size of a new home, too. It can be a nice bunker for somebody.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11622291\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11622291\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Cisterns-2-3-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A construction worker at the site of a cistern being built in the Richmond District of San Francisco. The city will be finished putting in 30 new cisterns this month. \u003ccite>(Sarah Craig/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But why does the city need these underground tanks to fight fires? For that question, Scott Kildall is the one to ask.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s \u003ca href=\"http://kildall.com/\">an artist\u003c/a> who has lived in San Francisco for years, and \u003ca href=\"http://www.waterworks.io/cistern_map/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">he designed a map\u003c/a> with the locations of each cistern. This mapping process turned him into a sort of cistern history buff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m not a historian,” he says, “but I’ve become a historian about cisterns.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kildall begins the story in 1848, when San Francisco was a bunch of tents, housing a little less than \u003ca href=\"https://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=CS18480318.2.4&e=-------en--20--1--txt-txIN--------1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a thousand people\u003c/a>. Then, in 1849, gold was discovered and thousands rushed into the city. In just one year, the city grew to about \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgenealogy.com/sf/history/hgpop.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">25 times its size,\u003c/a> to at least \u003ca href=\"https://books.google.com/books?id=tDIuDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA153&lpg=PA153&dq=The+Annals+of+San+Francisco+1849+at+the+close+of+1849,+the+population+of+the+town+numbered,+at+least,+twenty,+and+probably+nearer+twenty-five+thousand+souls&source=bl&ots=PEO6m8vSsg&sig=1yDgFbib7Nfm9irZtDCycuYSSn4&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjyz-jg_ObWAhWmllQKHRbEALEQ6AEINTAC#v=onepage&q=The%20Annals%20of%20San%20Francisco%201849%20at%20the%20close%20of%201849%2C%20the%20population%20of%20the%20town%20numbered%2C%20at%20least%2C%20twenty%2C%20and%20probably%20nearer%20twenty-five%20thousand%20souls&f=false\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">20,000 residents.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Demand for housing skyrocketed and a building frenzy followed. Most homes were built out of wood, but the wood made for perfect kindling. In the 1850s, the city saw six big fires, which came to be known as the Great Fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11622282\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11622282\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Cisterns-3-800x570.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"570\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Scott Kildall points to a large brick circle that marks a cistern at the entrance to San Francisco’s Chinatown. \u003ccite>(Sarah Craig)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The devastation from the fires spurred the city to act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People are like, ‘Oh no, what are we going to do. We got to do something about this,’ ” Kildall says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But at that time, he says, there was no way to lay out water mains and pipes. So, city leaders built 16 underground cisterns around San Francisco to store water for firefighting. The very first was a 12,000-gallon cistern in Portsmouth Square.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11622283\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11622283\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Cisterns-2-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Scott Kildall looks at his cistern map on his phone to find the next cistern on our tour. \u003ccite>(Sarah Craig)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>They also bought some fire engines pulled by horses, and set up a paid position for a fire chief. There was even an ordinance passed that required each family to have\u003ca href=\"https://archive.org/stream/sanfranciscof18491967sanf/sanfranciscof18491967sanf_djvu.txt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> six buckets of water\u003c/a> in their house — just in case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the city grew, more cisterns were installed. But the city also started to install water pipes and hydrants. By the end of the 1800s, residents had full faith in their new water system, and the cisterns \u003ca href=\"https://archive.org/stream/sanfranciscof18491967sanf/sanfranciscof18491967sanf_djvu.txt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">stopped being maintained\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But then came the massive \u003ca href=\"https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/events/1906calif/18april/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">1906 earthquake\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11622298\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11622298\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/sf-earthquake-63-xl-800x567.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"567\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/sf-earthquake-63-xl-800x567.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/sf-earthquake-63-xl-160x113.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/sf-earthquake-63-xl-1020x723.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/sf-earthquake-63-xl-1920x1361.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/sf-earthquake-63-xl-1180x836.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/sf-earthquake-63-xl-960x680.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/sf-earthquake-63-xl-240x170.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/sf-earthquake-63-xl-375x266.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/sf-earthquake-63-xl-520x369.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The massive 1906 earthquake lasted for about a minute, smashing windows, caving in chimneys, even throwing a train off its tracks. But the real damage was from the fires that ensued. \u003ccite>(Records of the United States Senate, National Archives.)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It struck on the morning of April 18, and shook the city for about a minute. Windows were smashed and chimneys caved in. Even a train was thrown off its tracks. The damage was incredible. Three-quarters of the city was gone, 3,000 people died and about \u003ca href=\"https://www.archives.gov/legislative/features/sf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">200,000 were left homeless\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But most of the damage wasn’t from the earthquake itself — it was from the three days of fires that followed. Since the quake broke a lot of the city’s water pipes, most fire hydrants quickly ran out of water or stopped working entirely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But \u003ca href=\"http://guardiansofthecity.org/sffd/fires/great_fires/1906/cisterns.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a lot of the old cisterns remained intact, \u003c/a>and firefighters used them to save several San Francisco neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11622293\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11622293\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Cisterns-1-3-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Construction workers smooth out cement to make the roof of a new cistern being built in the Richmond District of San Francisco. \u003ccite>(Sarah Craig/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>San Franciscans now realized their value, and they built and repaired \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfmuseum.org/hist1/hpfs.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">over a hundred\u003c/a> within \u003ca href=\"https://books.google.com/books?id=5oE4AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA677&lpg=PA677&dq=san+francisco+bond+bill+1906+cisterns&source=bl&ots=nVL6bRwqcu&sig=lJdFIwJqiEn20MtiXkNZVmmLXmk&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj2_YzSy-7VAhUP92MKHbHTDgEQ6AEIUDAJ#v=onepage&q=san%20francisco%20bond%20bill%201906%20cisterns&f=false\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the next several years.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can see that people didn’t think they’re actually useful until they were useful, and they said, ‘Oh that’s a really good idea,’ ” Kildall points out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kildall offered to take me on a tour of the cisterns in San Francisco’s Chinatown. We visited about 10 cisterns, but not all of them had the brick rings. Kildall didn’t know why, but Deputy Fire Chief Tony Rivera took a guess.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The roads have been repaved so many times, there probably is an original brick circle somewhere deep under there,” says Rivera.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11622292\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11622292\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Cisterns-2-2-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A city worker uses a fire hose to fill up a cistern in the Outer Excelsior in San Francisco. \u003ccite>(Sarah Craig/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Rivera is a fan of the red brick circle, although he says they come in two other designs: a double circle and a square. The designs aren’t as important anymore for helping firefighters find the cisterns. Now, he says, they use GPS. So these days, the circles just serve as decoration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousbug]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for the cisterns underneath those designs, they haven’t been used since the 1906 earthquake more than a century ago. But they are down there, just in case, ready to save the city when the next earthquake strikes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>As part of Kildall’s mapping project, he designed a 3-D cistern model. You can 3-D print your own\u003ca href=\"https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:419453\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> by downloading his file here.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousquestion]\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"They're a reminder of the city's early history, and still have a practical use today.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1700597421,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":true,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":32,"wordCount":1079},"headData":{"title":"What are the Mysterious Brick Circles in San Francisco Intersections? | KQED","description":"They're a reminder of the city's early history, and still have a practical use today.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/bay-curious/2017/10/cisterns.mp3","path":"/news/11622273/what-are-the-mysterious-brick-circles-in-san-francisco-intersections","audioDuration":574000,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Spend some time walking around San Francisco, and you’ll probably notice the large brick circles decorating the pavement at some intersections. They can be found all over the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the years, Bay Curious has received dozens of questions about these mysterious circles. The latest one came from listener Matthew Cross.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" />\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\n Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>,\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast platform.\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Turns out, those circles date back to the mid-1800s, and they mark huge underground tanks, or cisterns, that hold water to fight fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are more than 170 cisterns scattered throughout San Francisco. And some hold as much water as two backyard swimming pools, says Katie Miller, the city’s water division manager.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11622816\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11622816\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/14974407252_0472093c4e_o-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"A brick circle marks an underground cistern in Potrero Hill.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/14974407252_0472093c4e_o-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/14974407252_0472093c4e_o-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/14974407252_0472093c4e_o-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/14974407252_0472093c4e_o-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/14974407252_0472093c4e_o-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/14974407252_0472093c4e_o-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/14974407252_0472093c4e_o-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/14974407252_0472093c4e_o-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/14974407252_0472093c4e_o-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A brick circle marks an underground cistern in Potrero Hill. \u003ccite>(\u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/markhogan/14974407252/in/photolist-gMTKYV-GCuDYq-oPeKzo-EMRQXn\" target=\"_blank\">Mark Hogan/Flickr\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The city just finished building 30 new cisterns, many of them in places where there weren’t any, or where they could be key in stopping fires from spreading. Each costs about $1 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So if you think about it, that’s about the cost of a really nice new home,” says Miller. “It’s about the size of a new home, too. It can be a nice bunker for somebody.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11622291\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11622291\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Cisterns-2-3-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A construction worker at the site of a cistern being built in the Richmond District of San Francisco. The city will be finished putting in 30 new cisterns this month. \u003ccite>(Sarah Craig/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But why does the city need these underground tanks to fight fires? For that question, Scott Kildall is the one to ask.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s \u003ca href=\"http://kildall.com/\">an artist\u003c/a> who has lived in San Francisco for years, and \u003ca href=\"http://www.waterworks.io/cistern_map/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">he designed a map\u003c/a> with the locations of each cistern. This mapping process turned him into a sort of cistern history buff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m not a historian,” he says, “but I’ve become a historian about cisterns.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kildall begins the story in 1848, when San Francisco was a bunch of tents, housing a little less than \u003ca href=\"https://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=CS18480318.2.4&e=-------en--20--1--txt-txIN--------1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a thousand people\u003c/a>. Then, in 1849, gold was discovered and thousands rushed into the city. In just one year, the city grew to about \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgenealogy.com/sf/history/hgpop.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">25 times its size,\u003c/a> to at least \u003ca href=\"https://books.google.com/books?id=tDIuDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA153&lpg=PA153&dq=The+Annals+of+San+Francisco+1849+at+the+close+of+1849,+the+population+of+the+town+numbered,+at+least,+twenty,+and+probably+nearer+twenty-five+thousand+souls&source=bl&ots=PEO6m8vSsg&sig=1yDgFbib7Nfm9irZtDCycuYSSn4&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjyz-jg_ObWAhWmllQKHRbEALEQ6AEINTAC#v=onepage&q=The%20Annals%20of%20San%20Francisco%201849%20at%20the%20close%20of%201849%2C%20the%20population%20of%20the%20town%20numbered%2C%20at%20least%2C%20twenty%2C%20and%20probably%20nearer%20twenty-five%20thousand%20souls&f=false\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">20,000 residents.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Demand for housing skyrocketed and a building frenzy followed. Most homes were built out of wood, but the wood made for perfect kindling. In the 1850s, the city saw six big fires, which came to be known as the Great Fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11622282\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11622282\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Cisterns-3-800x570.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"570\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Scott Kildall points to a large brick circle that marks a cistern at the entrance to San Francisco’s Chinatown. \u003ccite>(Sarah Craig)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The devastation from the fires spurred the city to act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People are like, ‘Oh no, what are we going to do. We got to do something about this,’ ” Kildall says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But at that time, he says, there was no way to lay out water mains and pipes. So, city leaders built 16 underground cisterns around San Francisco to store water for firefighting. The very first was a 12,000-gallon cistern in Portsmouth Square.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11622283\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11622283\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Cisterns-2-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Scott Kildall looks at his cistern map on his phone to find the next cistern on our tour. \u003ccite>(Sarah Craig)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>They also bought some fire engines pulled by horses, and set up a paid position for a fire chief. There was even an ordinance passed that required each family to have\u003ca href=\"https://archive.org/stream/sanfranciscof18491967sanf/sanfranciscof18491967sanf_djvu.txt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> six buckets of water\u003c/a> in their house — just in case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the city grew, more cisterns were installed. But the city also started to install water pipes and hydrants. By the end of the 1800s, residents had full faith in their new water system, and the cisterns \u003ca href=\"https://archive.org/stream/sanfranciscof18491967sanf/sanfranciscof18491967sanf_djvu.txt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">stopped being maintained\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But then came the massive \u003ca href=\"https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/events/1906calif/18april/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">1906 earthquake\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11622298\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11622298\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/sf-earthquake-63-xl-800x567.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"567\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/sf-earthquake-63-xl-800x567.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/sf-earthquake-63-xl-160x113.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/sf-earthquake-63-xl-1020x723.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/sf-earthquake-63-xl-1920x1361.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/sf-earthquake-63-xl-1180x836.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/sf-earthquake-63-xl-960x680.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/sf-earthquake-63-xl-240x170.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/sf-earthquake-63-xl-375x266.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/sf-earthquake-63-xl-520x369.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The massive 1906 earthquake lasted for about a minute, smashing windows, caving in chimneys, even throwing a train off its tracks. But the real damage was from the fires that ensued. \u003ccite>(Records of the United States Senate, National Archives.)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It struck on the morning of April 18, and shook the city for about a minute. Windows were smashed and chimneys caved in. Even a train was thrown off its tracks. The damage was incredible. Three-quarters of the city was gone, 3,000 people died and about \u003ca href=\"https://www.archives.gov/legislative/features/sf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">200,000 were left homeless\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But most of the damage wasn’t from the earthquake itself — it was from the three days of fires that followed. Since the quake broke a lot of the city’s water pipes, most fire hydrants quickly ran out of water or stopped working entirely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But \u003ca href=\"http://guardiansofthecity.org/sffd/fires/great_fires/1906/cisterns.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a lot of the old cisterns remained intact, \u003c/a>and firefighters used them to save several San Francisco neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11622293\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11622293\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Cisterns-1-3-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Construction workers smooth out cement to make the roof of a new cistern being built in the Richmond District of San Francisco. \u003ccite>(Sarah Craig/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>San Franciscans now realized their value, and they built and repaired \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfmuseum.org/hist1/hpfs.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">over a hundred\u003c/a> within \u003ca href=\"https://books.google.com/books?id=5oE4AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA677&lpg=PA677&dq=san+francisco+bond+bill+1906+cisterns&source=bl&ots=nVL6bRwqcu&sig=lJdFIwJqiEn20MtiXkNZVmmLXmk&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj2_YzSy-7VAhUP92MKHbHTDgEQ6AEIUDAJ#v=onepage&q=san%20francisco%20bond%20bill%201906%20cisterns&f=false\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the next several years.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can see that people didn’t think they’re actually useful until they were useful, and they said, ‘Oh that’s a really good idea,’ ” Kildall points out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kildall offered to take me on a tour of the cisterns in San Francisco’s Chinatown. We visited about 10 cisterns, but not all of them had the brick rings. Kildall didn’t know why, but Deputy Fire Chief Tony Rivera took a guess.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The roads have been repaved so many times, there probably is an original brick circle somewhere deep under there,” says Rivera.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11622292\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11622292\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Cisterns-2-2-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A city worker uses a fire hose to fill up a cistern in the Outer Excelsior in San Francisco. \u003ccite>(Sarah Craig/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Rivera is a fan of the red brick circle, although he says they come in two other designs: a double circle and a square. The designs aren’t as important anymore for helping firefighters find the cisterns. Now, he says, they use GPS. So these days, the circles just serve as decoration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" />\n What do you wonder about the Bay Area, its culture or people that you want KQED to investigate?\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Ask Bay Curious.\u003c/a>\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for the cisterns underneath those designs, they haven’t been used since the 1906 earthquake more than a century ago. But they are down there, just in case, ready to save the city when the next earthquake strikes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>As part of Kildall’s mapping project, he designed a 3-D cistern model. You can 3-D print your own\u003ca href=\"https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:419453\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> by downloading his file here.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"baycuriousquestion","attributes":{"named":{"label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11622273/what-are-the-mysterious-brick-circles-in-san-francisco-intersections","authors":["11327"],"programs":["news_6944","news_33523"],"series":["news_17986"],"categories":["news_8","news_33520","news_1397"],"tags":["news_993","news_4462"],"featImg":"news_11622289","label":"news_33523"},"news_10930485":{"type":"posts","id":"news_10930485","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"10930485","score":null,"sort":[1461000582000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"see-how-san-francisco-rebuilt-110-years-after-the-1906-quake","title":"See How San Francisco Rebuilt 110 Years After the 1906 Quake","publishDate":1461000582,"format":"standard","headTitle":"News Fix | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":6944,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>At 5:12 a.m., the shaking started 110 years ago today. The 7.8 magnitude earthquake and ensuing fires destroyed more than 80 percent of San Francisco and killed about 3,000 people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The destruction inspired photographers from around the world and the 1906 earthquake became one of the first natural disasters widely documented with photos and early motion pictures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/New-S-F-archive-includes-stunning-photos-from-6207086.php\" target=\"_blank\">John Henry Mentz\u003c/a> worked as a staff photographer for United Railroads at the time. On April 18, and in the ensuing days, he took more than \u003ca href=\"http://sfmta.photoshelter.com/#!/index\" target=\"_blank\">200 images\u003c/a> with his large-format camera and created a case of 6 1/2-by-8 1/2 inch negative plates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three weeks later, \u003ca href=\"http://petapixel.com/2013/06/19/the-captive-airship-george-lawrences-panoramic-kite-photography-rig/\" target=\"_blank\">George Lawrence\u003c/a> shot his famous \"San Francisco in Ruins\" with a 49-pound camera flying about 2,000 feet above the bay with 17 Conyne kites strung together with piano wire cable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Photographer Frederick Eugene Ives captured the destruction \u003ca href=\"http://americanhistory.si.edu/blog/2010/01/the-1906-san-francisco-quake-in-color.html\" target=\"_blank\">in color photographs\u003c/a> six months later, using a device called a Krőmgram.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because of their vision, we can stand before the surviving buildings and imagine what it felt like 110 years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10930506\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/mills2.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-10930496\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-10930506 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/mills2-800x270.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"270\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/mills2-800x270.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/mills2-400x135.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/mills2.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/mills2-1180x399.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/mills2-960x325.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mills Building damaged after the 1906 earthquake and fire. \u003ccite>(\u003ca href=\"www.sfpl.org/sfphotos\">San Francisco History Center, San Francisco Public Library\u003c/a> and Ericka Cruz Guevarra/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10930488\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/boniface.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-10930488\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10930488\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/boniface-800x281.jpg\" alt=\"St. Boniface Church after the 1906 earthquake and present day.\" width=\"800\" height=\"281\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/boniface-800x281.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/boniface-400x140.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/boniface.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/boniface-1180x414.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/boniface-960x337.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">St. Boniface Church after the 1906 earthquake and present day. \u003ccite>(\u003ca href=\"www.sfpl.org/sfphotos\">San Francisco History Center, San Francisco Public Library\u003c/a> and Ericka Cruz Guevarra/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10930499\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/stfrancis.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-10930499\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10930499\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/stfrancis-800x561.jpg\" alt=\"St. Francis Hotel after the earthquake and fire of April, 1906 and present day.\" width=\"800\" height=\"561\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/stfrancis.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/stfrancis-400x281.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">St. Francis Hotel after the earthquake and fire of April, 1906. Written on back: \"St. Francis Hotel + new wing in process of construction. Only damage was by fire. Powell + Geary.\" \u003ccite>(\u003ca href=\"www.sfpl.org/sfphotos\">San Francisco History Center, San Francisco Public Library\u003c/a> and Ericka Cruz Guevarra/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10930503\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/kohl.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-10930503\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10930503\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/kohl-800x479.jpg\" alt=\"California street at Montgomery. Ruins of the Kohl Building.\" width=\"800\" height=\"479\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/kohl.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/kohl-400x240.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">California street at Montgomery. Ruins of the Kohl Building. \u003ccite>(\u003ca href=\"www.sfpl.org/sfphotos\">San Francisco History Center, San Francisco Public Library\u003c/a> and Ericka Cruz Guevarra/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Because of early photographers we can visualize the damage done today.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1461179621,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":8,"wordCount":297},"headData":{"title":"See How San Francisco Rebuilt 110 Years After the 1906 Quake | KQED","description":"Because of early photographers we can visualize the damage done today.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"10930485 http://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=10930485","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/04/18/see-how-san-francisco-rebuilt-110-years-after-the-1906-quake/","disqusTitle":"See How San Francisco Rebuilt 110 Years After the 1906 Quake","path":"/news/10930485/see-how-san-francisco-rebuilt-110-years-after-the-1906-quake","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>At 5:12 a.m., the shaking started 110 years ago today. The 7.8 magnitude earthquake and ensuing fires destroyed more than 80 percent of San Francisco and killed about 3,000 people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The destruction inspired photographers from around the world and the 1906 earthquake became one of the first natural disasters widely documented with photos and early motion pictures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/New-S-F-archive-includes-stunning-photos-from-6207086.php\" target=\"_blank\">John Henry Mentz\u003c/a> worked as a staff photographer for United Railroads at the time. On April 18, and in the ensuing days, he took more than \u003ca href=\"http://sfmta.photoshelter.com/#!/index\" target=\"_blank\">200 images\u003c/a> with his large-format camera and created a case of 6 1/2-by-8 1/2 inch negative plates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three weeks later, \u003ca href=\"http://petapixel.com/2013/06/19/the-captive-airship-george-lawrences-panoramic-kite-photography-rig/\" target=\"_blank\">George Lawrence\u003c/a> shot his famous \"San Francisco in Ruins\" with a 49-pound camera flying about 2,000 feet above the bay with 17 Conyne kites strung together with piano wire cable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Photographer Frederick Eugene Ives captured the destruction \u003ca href=\"http://americanhistory.si.edu/blog/2010/01/the-1906-san-francisco-quake-in-color.html\" target=\"_blank\">in color photographs\u003c/a> six months later, using a device called a Krőmgram.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because of their vision, we can stand before the surviving buildings and imagine what it felt like 110 years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10930506\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/mills2.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-10930496\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-10930506 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/mills2-800x270.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"270\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/mills2-800x270.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/mills2-400x135.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/mills2.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/mills2-1180x399.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/mills2-960x325.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mills Building damaged after the 1906 earthquake and fire. \u003ccite>(\u003ca href=\"www.sfpl.org/sfphotos\">San Francisco History Center, San Francisco Public Library\u003c/a> and Ericka Cruz Guevarra/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10930488\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/boniface.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-10930488\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10930488\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/boniface-800x281.jpg\" alt=\"St. Boniface Church after the 1906 earthquake and present day.\" width=\"800\" height=\"281\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/boniface-800x281.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/boniface-400x140.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/boniface.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/boniface-1180x414.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/boniface-960x337.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">St. Boniface Church after the 1906 earthquake and present day. \u003ccite>(\u003ca href=\"www.sfpl.org/sfphotos\">San Francisco History Center, San Francisco Public Library\u003c/a> and Ericka Cruz Guevarra/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10930499\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/stfrancis.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-10930499\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10930499\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/stfrancis-800x561.jpg\" alt=\"St. Francis Hotel after the earthquake and fire of April, 1906 and present day.\" width=\"800\" height=\"561\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/stfrancis.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/stfrancis-400x281.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">St. Francis Hotel after the earthquake and fire of April, 1906. Written on back: \"St. Francis Hotel + new wing in process of construction. Only damage was by fire. Powell + Geary.\" \u003ccite>(\u003ca href=\"www.sfpl.org/sfphotos\">San Francisco History Center, San Francisco Public Library\u003c/a> and Ericka Cruz Guevarra/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10930503\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/kohl.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-10930503\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10930503\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/kohl-800x479.jpg\" alt=\"California street at Montgomery. Ruins of the Kohl Building.\" width=\"800\" height=\"479\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/kohl.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/kohl-400x240.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">California street at Montgomery. Ruins of the Kohl Building. \u003ccite>(\u003ca href=\"www.sfpl.org/sfphotos\">San Francisco History Center, San Francisco Public Library\u003c/a> and Ericka Cruz Guevarra/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/10930485/see-how-san-francisco-rebuilt-110-years-after-the-1906-quake","authors":["8654","199"],"programs":["news_6944"],"categories":["news_223","news_8","news_356"],"tags":["news_993","news_17826","news_2672"],"featImg":"news_10930494","label":"news_6944"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? 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And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/powerpress/1440_0017_BayCurious_iTunesTile_01.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2021/10/BBC_1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/CodeSwitchLifeKit_StationGraphics_300x300EmailGraphic.png","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. 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Plus, KQED’s Bianca Taylor brings you the local KQED news you need to know.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Consider-This_3000_V3-copy-scaled-1.jpg","imageAlt":"Consider This from NPR and KQED","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/considerthis","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"7"},"link":"/podcasts/considerthis","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1503226625?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/coronavirusdaily","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM1NS9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbA","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3Z6JdCS2d0eFEpXHKI6WqH"}},"forum":{"id":"forum","title":"Forum","tagline":"The conversation starts here","info":"KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2022/06/forum-logo-900x900tile-1.gif","imageAlt":"KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal","officialWebsiteLink":"/forum","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"8"},"link":"/forum","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-forum/id73329719","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432307980/forum","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-forum-podcast","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9557381633"}},"freakonomics-radio":{"id":"freakonomics-radio","title":"Freakonomics Radio","info":"Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. 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