Former California Public Utilities Commission Executive Director Paul Clanon (center) sits between San Bruno Mayor Jim Ruane and PG&E President Chris Johns at a September 28, 2010 Senate committee hearing. (Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)
In the years since the September 2010 natural gas pipeline explosion that killed eight people in San Bruno, the relationship between pipeline operator Pacific Gas and Electric Co. and high-ranking officials at the California Public Utilities Commission has come under intense scrutiny, undermining public trust in the state agency tasked with ensuring safe pipeline operations.
State prosecutors and a federal grand jury are currently zeroing in on alleged improper ties between PG&E and top state regulators. State investigators acting on a search warrant earlier this year seized iPhones, a laptop and bank statements from the residence of former CPUC President Michael Peevey and took similar items from the home of PG&E's former Vice President of Regulatory Affairs, Brian Cherry, all on suspicion of felony activity relating to a judge-shopping scandal brought to light by email records.
Those exchanges were made public in the wake of civil litigation brought on behalf of San Bruno, when a judge ordered PG&E to release records consisting of some 65,000 emails and 123,000 documents.
KQED has taken a detailed look into this correspondence, which reveals in granular detail the familiar relationships between key decision-makers and PG&E executives that lasted well beyond the San Bruno incident. There are multiple instances of Peevey arranging to meet with Cherry for holiday visits that involved sipping wine — a keyword search of the email records for the words “pinot” or “cabernet,” for example, yielded 16 separate items.
But two of the closest confidants were Cherry and then-CPUC Executive Director Paul Clanon. The collection of documents provided by PG&E shows that between 2010 and 2014, Cherry and Clanon were on 2,369 of the same email threads using their official email addresses -- that's an average of 11 times a week.
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Although some of these emails were sent years ago, an attempt to force a cultural change at the CPUC is only now making its way through the California Legislature. In an attempt to reform CPUC operations, the Senate recently approved SB 660, a bill that would overhaul decision-making processes and restrict private exchanges.
In an interview with KQED, CPUC President Michael Picker said that the agency read every email released, conducted legal reviews and went through the state personnel process when breaches occurred.
The agency focused on correspondence from about 80 people below the level of commissioner. Some individuals left the CPUC prior to or during the review. The agency determined that action was not warranted against 54 of the people who remained on staff. CPUC spokeswoman Constance Gordon said "individuals whose emails raised more serious issues" -- the agency won't say how many -- received "counseling memos" or "letters of correction." The agency also held a staff training in appropriate email decorum in April.
"The challenge is that we are built for a different era, we were built in a time before emails," Picker said. "Emails tend toward much more casual relationships. That’s a problem because when you start to get at a certain level of casualness, then you can slide into other kinds of ethical breaches."
Picker said that communications between PG&E staff and CPUC employees are currently banned for procedural cases. However, he said, the two staffs must be able to talk to each other.
"We can’t do our jobs. We can’t guarantee that the electric system, the gas system work properly, we can’t make sure that people are being protected against unsafe infrastructure unless we are always in communication with the utilities. So if we’re not in contact with PG&E that’s as big of a problem and maybe a larger problem then some of the improper comportment," he said.
PG&E fired Cherry, as well as Senior Vice President of Regulatory Affairs Tom Bottorff and Vice President of Regulatory Proceedings Trina Horner, following the company's internal investigation into the emails.
PG&E spokesman Nick Stimmel wrote in a statement: "With respect to the email issue, we have produced tens of thousands of emails voluntarily and in response to regulatory and legal requirements and we continue to cooperate with all investigations. In the meantime, we will let the content of the emails speak for themselves; we are not going to speculate about motivations or the actions of people who are no longer in roles with the CPUC or the company or about events that may or may not have occurred."
Below we highlight 10 email exchanges that demonstrate just how cozy ties between regulators and the regulated have been in day-to-day CPUC operations.
In the aftermath of the pipeline rupture that caused the San Bruno explosion, PG&E’s control room management became a focal point for safety improvement.
Natural gas pipelines may traverse thousands of miles. In a control room, pressure and flow across the underground network are monitored remotely. The federal Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration moved to amend federal pipeline safety regulations in the months after San Bruno, imposing tougher regulations on control room operations.
But according to an email from PG&E’s Brian Cherry to CPUC’s then-Executive Director Paul Clanon, dated Sept. 14, 2011, the company encountered “some pressing problems” relating to a “control room audit.” Accordingly, Cherry wondered whether Clanon would be willing to “focus elsewhere.”
“Paul – hope you are enjoying yourself in Jellystone but stay away from the wayward bison,” Cherry wrote. “I received a request from Nick [Stavropoulos, PG&E’s executive vice president of gas operations] and Chris [Johns, president of PG&E] … to seek your advice and counsel on the control room audit.
“Nick and Chris know we have problems in this area and would like you to focus elsewhere for the moment so that we can address some pressing problems. … Nick stated that you once offered to help out in any way you could if the Commission was becoming an obstacle to us getting the work done.”
A formal letter sent to Clanon about two weeks later on PG&E stationary shows the company was preparing for a visit from an independent consultant hired by the CPUC to inspect control-room operations. This audit was conducted to ensure compliance with federal rules. So was PG&E granted a delay? CPUC spokeswoman Constance Gordon said she could not comment on Clanon’s email directly, since he no longer works at the CPUC.
Commission President Michael Picker, who replaced Peevey after he stepped down last year, said that he could not comment directly on the contents of the email, either, since he was unfamiliar with the audit. However, he said, "No one’s ever asked me to focus elsewhere. Chances are that would make me want to focus more."
Reached by phone, Clanon declined to comment.
2) “Charlie’s Angels” -- Oct. 18, 2011
On Oct. 18, 2011, PG&E’s Brian Cherry forwarded CPUC President Mike Peevey an email attachment with the note “FYI.” It was a letter from Rep. Jackie Speier to U.S. Department of Transportation Secretary Ray LaHood, urging LaHood to require natural gas operators to remove from their networks a kind of plastic pipe, Aldyl-A, which is prone to cracking. PG&E has 1,231 miles of the pipe in its system.
Roughly six weeks earlier, a Cupertino condominium had been destroyed, in an explosion and fire caused by a gas leak due to a cracked fitting in a plastic Aldyl-A pipe. When it investigated the cause of the blast, PG&E found six other plastic pipe failures near the blast site, records show.
In response to Cherry's email, Peevey thanked Cherry for the update. Then the CPUC president moved onto another topic.
“See you for dinner Sunday night,” he wrote. “Where and when? Are you bringing Charlie's Angels too?”
Cherry responded: “7:30 at Marinus in the Bernardus Lodge in the Carmel Valley. About 20 minutes or so from Monterey but well worth the drive. We can make it earlier if you wish.”
He added, “Some angels may attend.”
"Sunday night" would have marked the start of the annual meeting of the The Conference of California Public Utility Counsel (CCPUC) at the Monterey Plaza Hotel. The nonprofit organization, which describes itself on the web as a “non-profit mutual benefit corporation,” has representatives from PG&E and other utilities on its board of directors. According to the conference agenda, Peevey was scheduled to speak at the conference on Monday, Oct. 24, 2011.
The conference itinerary shows that the evening activity on Sunday, Oct. 23 was a group activity –- attendees would be treated to a “reception and strolling dinner” at the Monterey Bay Aquarium from 7 to 9:30 p.m. But this email thread suggests Peevey and Cherry had other plans. The Bernardus Lodge & Spa is a luxury facility often booked for off-site corporate retreats, according to its website.
While it’s unclear who, or what, the men were referring to when they discussed whether “Charlie’s Angels” would attend, at the very least the detail illustrates close enough ties for them to share a mutual understanding about a coded phrase. Attempts to reach Cherry and Peevey by phone were unsuccessful.
3) “Sea Ranch over Thanksgiving” -- Nov. 24, 2010
On Nov. 24, 2010, about six weeks after the San Bruno pipeline explosion, PG&E’s Brian Cherry emailed CPUC President Mike Peevey with some good news -- plus an invitation.
Less than an hour later, Peevey responded. “Thanks for the offer but all tied up with family. Next time.”
Records show that while Peevey at that time declined Cherry’s invitation to the Sonoma County vacation spot, he took him up on similar offers on other occasions. The men shared “two bottles of good pinot” over Memorial Day weekend in 2010, for example, while they discussed renewable energy, gas rate increases and a ballot measure campaign.
Meanwhile, “Manzana” refers to PG&E’s proposed Manzana Wind Project in Kern County’s Tehachapi region, a $911 million, 246-megawatt renewable energy project that PG&E proposed in late 2009 and was then before the commission for approval. The California Department of Fish and Wildlife had reviewed the project’s environmental impacts out of concern that the wind turbines could kill endangered California condors.
Earlier that year, Cherry had emailed Peevey with information from PG&E’s investor relations division, citing a report from a Deutsche Bank financial analyst about the Manzana project. “Analysts are tracking Manzana … closely,” that email noted, with bankers considering it one of “the largest upcoming cases for the rest of the year.”
However, the Manzana project never came to fruition. An independent review by the CPUC’s Division of Ratepayer Advocates ultimately found that the wind project would have left customers bearing “significant risk and an unreasonable price tag.” The commission ultimately denied PG&E’s application.
4) “Can you guys help me with this?” -- Sept. 12, 2010
Only three days had passed since the fatal San Bruno pipeline explosion. With images of the blaze still fresh in the media, the CPUC issued a press release to outline its planned response.
State and federal investigations were already underway. In an open memo, then-CPUC President Michael Peevey directed then-Executive Director Paul Clanon to compel PG&E to survey its lines for gas leaks. He demanded an inquiry into PG&E’s spending on pipeline safety and promised, “We are taking immediate action.”
But that same afternoon, Peevey emailed Clanon with a different request entirely.
“First thing tomorrow,” he wrote, “See if you can schedule Darbee and Johns in my office at 2 PM Thursday.”
He was referring to PG&E's then-CEO Peter Darbee and then-President Chris Johns. Clanon immediately forwarded the request to two PG&E executives, including Vice President of Regulatory Affairs Brian Cherry, asking, “Can you guys help me with this?”
Under many circumstances, a meeting between Peevey, a key decision-maker, and PG&E’s top brass about a matter under investigation would be a violation of state regulations designed to ensure fair dealing.
Under state law, contact between decision-makers and interested parties held outside the formal public process are known as ex parte communications. Whether they take the form of face-to-face meetings, texts or emails, these communications are subject to detailed regulations. And when a formal investigation is involved -- designated as an “adjudicatory proceeding” since commissioners act in the capacity of a judge -- no ex parte contact is allowed.
Nevertheless, CPUC spokesperson Constance Gordon told KQED that this particular meeting did not violate ex parte rules.
“The investigation that began immediately following PG&E’s pipeline rupture was a staff investigation,” Gordon said, “not a formal investigation opened by a vote of the Commissioners,” which came later. “As such, ex parte rules would not apply.”
After the meeting arrangements were made, Clanon switched to a lighter topic: “How was Jellystone?” he asked Cherry, a possible reference to Yellowstone National Park.
“Amazing,” Cherry responded. “Saw so much wildlife. But it snowed the other day and I brought shorts!”
Cherry urged Clanon to plan his own vacation there. Meanwhile not 72 hours had passed since the fatal San Bruno pipeline explosion.
“Things keep coming up at my work,” Clanon responded.
“Uh. Yes,” Cherry shot back. “You have a challenging job. Guess that’s why they pay you the big bucks.”
Four years worth of emails show that former PG&E executive
Brian Cherry and former CPUC Executive Director Paul Clanon consulted with each other hundreds of times. While the below emails are not illegal, they are good examples of how Cherry and Clanon often bounced ideas off of each other or problem-solved together. On Oct. 20, 2010, Clanon wrote to Cherry:
“What are we going to do about the San Bruno demand that the pipeline be moved? I can certainly understand on the human level why they'd want that, even though it might not make a lot of operational or design sense.”
Cherry responded, “We are struggling with that. There are a couple different re-routes ... Between you and me, I think we should repair 132 temporarily while offering up a longer-term solution involving re-routing. … Any thoughts - non-attributed of course ?”
Clanon did have an idea on how PG&E could “frame” moving the pipeline.
“I think the way to frame the pipe-replacement issue is not to think of it as Line 132, but to think of it as, what, two or three miles?”
The next week, then-PG&E President Chris Johns released a statement pledging to move the pipeline.
The section of Line 132 that exploded was not repaired in the end. PG&E rerouted the transmission line so that the gas now flows through Line 109 at San Andreas Station and returns to Line 132 at Healy Station, both in San Bruno.
The CPUC had ordered PG&E to examine shutoff valves. In the same email, Cherry said that the agency had identified more than 200 valves that needed to be replaced. However, he was concerned that there would be a public outcry if he released that number.
“If we tell you the number of valves that have been identified and don't have these kinds of estimates, everyone will demand immediate replacement - which just can't be done for a variety of reasons.”
Clanon responded to Cherry: “Yeah, cost and time estimates for the valves are crucial.”
PG&E's lack of automatic shutoff valves had come under scrutiny by federal officials at the time. National Transportation Safety Board officials found that it took the utility almost 95 minutes to shut off the gas rushing from the ruptured San Bruno pipeline.
Keith Slibasager, PG&E’s gas system operations manager, testified during the NTSB’s public hearing on the San Bruno explosion that the company could have cut the gas within 20 minutes if the utility had installed automatic valves.
A 2006 PG&E memo shows that PG&E considered installing automatic safety valves, but did not. A PG&E senior gas-consulting engineer, Chi-hung Lee Sr., wrote in the memo that he found most of the damage from a pipeline explosion occurs within 30 seconds.
The engineer later testified at the NTSB hearing that his research was limited. The Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration and other safety groups had reached different conclusions about shutoff valves. Federal safety officials have suggested, but not required, the use of automatic shutoff valves since 1999. PG&E officials acknowledged at the hearing that after Lee's memo they made no effort to further install the valves.
Since the San Bruno explosion, PG&E has installed 208 automated valves that the utility can shut off remotely from a control room and 14 automatic shutoff valves that can shut themselves off in areas where transmission pipelines cross major fault lines.
6) “We live in parallel universes…” — Jan. 10, 2011
In 2008, PG&E purposely boosted pressure on the San Bruno natural gas line to 400 pounds per square inch, the maximum legal limit. Normally, the line ran at 375 psi.
The next time the pressure on that gas line exceeded 375 psi was on Sept. 9, 2010, when a malfunction spiked the pressure to 386 psi, coinciding with the deadly explosion in San Bruno killing eight people and destroying 28 homes.
PG&E later said they increased the pressure in 2008 under a mistaken understanding of federal law. The utility believed that to maintain the ability to run gas at 400 psi, the legal limit, they needed to do so once every five years.
PG&E and CPUC officials referenced the story the next day, Jan. 10. At 9:35 a.m. Paul Clanon, then-executive director of the California Public Utilities Commission, wrote to senior CPUC staff asking about the spike:
“The Chronicle's story on the 2008 temporary rise in pressure on Line 132 to 400 psi doesn't match what I've heard. What are the facts? Is it standard practice or not to raise pressure up to MAOP [maximum allowable operating pressure] to preserve the maximum? Is 2008 really the only time PG&E has raised pressure on that line above 375 until the explosion?”
About 30 minutes later he contacted former PG&E executive Brian Cherry: “What are your guys saying about the facts in the Chron story yesterday? Contradicted my understanding of the rules, anyway.”
Two minutes later Cherry shared his confusion: “Not sure. Let me follow up. I was under the same understanding.”
Clanon wrote back at 10:48: “Our guys are doing the same thing, and you and I can triangulate.”
It is not standard practice for utilities to raise pressure on transmission lines, and federal law requires utilities to conduct a costly inspection on any pipeline when the pressure exceeds the maximum limit. PG&E had not conducted such an inspection, nor did Clanon ask if they had in the emails released.
By 4:53 p.m. Cherry and Clanon began to be concerned that neither PG&E nor CPUC staff could come up with an answer about whether such pressure spiking on a gas line was a normal practice. The two sympathized with each other.
Clanon wrote Cherry: “Nothing back yet?” Cherry responded “Nothing yet…” and later “We live in parallel universes.”
About an hour later, Clanon had received research from CPUC staff and wanted to run it by Cherry:
“Here's what I get from my people. You agree? Follows: PG&E raises the pressure in transmission lines to MAOP once every five years based on its conservative interpretation of 192.917(e)(4)…”
The next day, a Chronicle story included a statement from a PG&E spokesperson that was very similar to what Clanon had written. “PG&E initially said it had conducted the pressure test on the San Bruno line to ‘preserve’ the pipe's legal capacity, saying federal law required it. A spokesman later backtracked and conceded there was no such requirement.”
CPUC spokesperson Constance Gordon says that Clanon and Cherry were discussing each other's understanding of the rules, so "if PG&E had a different understanding than that of CPUC staff the issue could be further discussed."
The Utility Reform Network is one of PG&E’s sharpest critics. TURN spokesperson Mindy Spatt said such conversations are concerning.
"Well, it’s a question of whether the commission should be a watchdog or a lapdog. A watchdog would say, wait a minute PG&E what’s going on here? And a lapdog would say, let’s coordinate our message."
7) “Investor relations” — Sept. 26, 2011
An email exchange between Commissioner Mark Ferron and PG&E’s Brian Cherry shows Ferron sought advice from PG&E on which Wall Street analysts he should meet with privately on a trip to New York.
“Mark,” Cherry wrote to Ferron in a Sept. 26, 2011 email, “Commissioner Florio was over at PG&E the other day and mentioned that you might need some help meeting with the buy and sell side analysts in New York. If you are interested, Gabe Togneri, our VP of Investor Relations, would be happy to reach out to some of them and have them sponsor a meeting. Our only role would be to make the contact. The analysts would sponsor the meetings themselves and you would meet with them privately.”
Ferron responded: “[PG&E CEO] Tony Earley … highlighted Dan Ford at Barclays Capital as a thought leader worthwhile meeting if I can find the time. Who else might Gabe recommend?”
While there’s no record here of Ferron discussing the proposed San Bruno penalty with Ford, the Barclays analyst was clearly focused on that question.
In September 2012, Ford authored a report noting that PG&E would have difficulty raising $2.2 billion in equity to cover the expected San Bruno fine amount. (The actual penalty amount, finally determined on April 9 this year, was set at $1.6 billion.)
And in a report authored by Ferron, made public in October 2013, the commissioner related investors’ concerns that levying too large a fine against PG&E would cause them to view California as a “capital-unfriendly, ‘banana republic.’” That could lead to an increase in the cost of financing capital for utilities, warned Ferron, who had worked at Deutsche Bank prior to being appointed as a commissioner in March 2011.
Ferron stepped down as a commissioner in 2014, citing health problems. CPUC spokesperson Constance Gordon said she was unable to offer comment on emails sent by individuals who no longer worked at the commission. Attempts to reach Ferron were unsuccessful.
The question as to whether commissioners had inappropriate ex parte communications with Wall Street analysts was raised in a brief filed by the CPUC’s Division of Ratepayer Advocates. (Since renamed Office of Ratepayer Advocates).
“Some, if not all, of the financial industry representatives who reported discussing the San Bruno investigations with Commission offices represent firms or clients with a financial interest in PG&E Corporation,” the CPUC’s consumer advocacy branch pointed out. “The size of the fine and other penalties the Commission may impose in the San Bruno Investigations is a substantive issue in all three [CPUC] investigations.”
8) “Happy Birthday!” — Sept. 16, 2010
It was 7 a.m. on Sept. 16, 2010, one week after the San Bruno pipeline explosion. CPUC executive director Paul Clanon emailed PG&E’s Brian Cherry with a simple message in the subject line: “Happy Birthday!”
“Thanks,” Cherry replied. He shared his birthday wish. “I’d love a nice muzzle for Mark Toney.”
Mark Toney is executive director of The Utility Reform Network (TURN), a leading critic of PG&E.
As for why Cherry would have wanted a “muzzle” for Toney, TURN spokesperson Mindy Spatt told KQED that Toney had issued a public statement about customer safety just before this exchange took place.
“He was saying: Demand that PG&E put customer safety first – that is the message that PG&E wanted muzzled, a message that said ‘no more San Brunos,’” Spatt said.
On Sept. 15, Cherry had emailed Clanon to tell him then-PG&E CEO Peter Darbee believed “TURN’s behavior has bordered on the irresponsible.” He wondered whether the CPUC would be willing to make a statement publicly discounting TURN’s claims. While it’s not clear from the emails how Clanon reacted to this request, his email reply to Cherry was: “Call me when you can.”
“It was actually six days after the fatal San Bruno explosion that Brian Cherry referred to TURN’s behavior as irresponsible,” Spatt said when asked about this. “His company has just killed eight people and incinerated an entire neighborhood."
While it’s obvious why a major utility company would be concerned that its stock had been downgraded, it’s not as clear why a commissioner would care. Upon learning about a financial downgrade, then-CPUC president Michael Peevey recommended that PG&E find a way to indirectly alert Gov. Jerry Brown, who was then in the process of determining new commission appointments.
The email thread begins Jan. 11, 2011, when PG&E’s Brian Cherry forwarded Peevey a message from PG&E’s investor relations division about a financial analyst’s report.
“Citigroup downgraded … PG&E,” the email explained. The note showed that analysts feared “uncertainty and potential shifting dynamics in the regulatory arena.”
In response, Peevey wrote in an email to Cherry: “You should find a way to get this info to Brown as he makes his decisions on Commissioners ASAP. Probably best coming from a non-utility source, such as investment banker(s).”
When asked why Peevey would provide this advice, CPUC spokesperson Constance Gordon responded, “The questions you’ve asked involve individuals who are no longer with the CPUC, so we cannot ask them your questions.”
PG&E officials had no idea what they were getting into when the utility began installing smart meters in California in 2006. Smart meters are a critical component of the "smart grid” -- the devices track energy usage and transmit data back to customers and utilities, with the goal of reducing electricity consumption and distributing power more efficiently across the electric grid.
Smart meters faced an almost immediate backlash. Users first complained that the devices gave artificially high readings. Later the CPUC found that about 1,480 meters inaccurately recorded electricity consumption in ambient temperatures ranging from 100– 115 degrees Fahrenheit due to a defective chip. Nevertheless, a study conducted by an independent consultant, The Structure Group, determined that the meters generally functioned as intended.
Next, consumer advocacy groups, including TURN, raised concerns that the meters would harm people like seniors who sometimes have no choice but to run their air conditioners in the sweltering Central Valley. TURN also noted that with smart meters, PG&E could simply turn off people’s power if they couldn’t keep up with the bills. Privacy advocates expressed concern about utilities gaining access to information about their use of personal home appliances.
The biggest battle over smart meters, though, centered on electromagnetic fields (EMFs) emitted by smart meters. The possible health effects of EMFs have been a subject of debate since the Cold War, and fear has intensified in the wireless age with the introduction of countless devices that emit EMFs, such as cellphones, laptops and Wi-Fi routers.
The National Institutes of Health’s National Cancer Institute says that “several early epidemiologic studies raised the possibility of an association between certain cancers, especially childhood cancers, and ELF-EMFs. Most subsequent studies have not shown such an association.”
Unlike high-energy radiation emitted from devices like X-rays, low-energy emissions from devices like smart meters cannot damage DNA or cells directly, the NIH writes. The World Health Organization concluded that low-energy emissions cause “no substantive health issues.” Smart-meter emissions are 60 times lower than the federal health guidelines.
EMF activists remain concerned, however, about the accumulated exposure people face from being surrounded by so many low-emission devices. And they’ve flooded the CPUC and PG&E with complaints.
By June 4, 2010, Carol Brown, then-CPUC President Michael Peevey’s chief-of-staff, wanted an answer for the people contacting her about EMFs. She wrote to then-PG&E executive Brian Cherry: “So far I have done OK just listening to the sad tales of EMF poisoning - and telling them thank you for bringing it to our attention - but then not offering them any solution!!! I just wanted to have a resource in case! Have a nice weekend.”
Cherry responded: “Prozac might be a solution!”
In the meantime, cities, including San Francisco, began petitioning the CPUC to make smart meters optional.
Peevey recommended to Cherry in an email in September 2010 that PG&E consider making the meters optional:
“One thought for the company: If it were my decision I would let anyone who wants to keep their old meter keep it, if they claim they suffer from EMF and/or related electronic-related illnesses and they can produce a doctor's letter saying so (or expressing concern about the likelihood of suffering same). I would institute such a policy quietly and solely on an individual basis. There really are people who feel pain, etc., related to EMF, etc., and rather than have them becoming hysterical, etc., I would quietly leave them alone. Kick it around. And, it sounds like the company may already have taken this step, based on a couple of the comments at yesterday's public hearing.”
Cherry said that he would consider it: “I do worry that this policy, no matter how discrete (sic) we try to make it, will surface and town councils and cities in our territory will ask for similar treatment. That said, we will take the matter up and get back to you with our feedback.”
In March 2011, PG&E proposed allowing smart meter users to opt out. The CPUC approved that plan in February 2012. Customers who opt out of the program must pay an initial fee and monthly charge.
Where Are They Now?
Brian Cherry, PG&E’s vice president of regulatory affairs, was fired from PG&E in September of 2014, after inappropriate email exchanges came to light.
Thomas Bottorff, PG&E’s senior vice president of regulatory affairs and Cherry’s boss, was fired along with Cherry. According to a San Jose Mercury News article he was to receive a severance payment totaling more than $1 million.
Chris Johns, president of PG&E, announced several weeks ago that he would retire by the end of the year.
Michael Peevey, president of the California Public Utilities Commission, stepped down from his role after his term came to an end in December of 2014. Peevey came under fire for inappropriate email exchanges.
Paul Clanon, executive director of the California Public Utilities Commission, announced at the end of December that he would retire to study music.
Mark Ferron, former commissioner at the California Public Utilities Commission, resigned in December of 2014 due to health problems.
Carol Brown, former commission president Peevey’s chief of staff, stepped down in the wake of revelations that she had agreed to intervene on a judge appointment for a case involving PG&E. Despite news reports that she might return to the agency as an administrative law judge, a CPUC spokesperson confirmed to KQED that Brown has retired.
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Michael Florio, who was also entangled in the judge-shopping scandal, remains as a commissioner at the California Public Utilities Commission.
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An estimated 7.9 earthquake rocked the San Andreas fault, causing the immediate collapse of many buildings in San Francisco’s downtown. That, in turn, began a fire that quickly spread throughout the city. It was a momentous day in the history of the Bay Area. Crucial records were lost in the blaze, and the event marked a dividing line in the historical record — pre- and post-quake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriouspodcastinfo]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every year, San Franciscans gather early in the morning at the corner of Kearny and Market streets to commemorate the event. People dress up in period costumes, trying to embody the historic moment. City leaders use the anniversary as an opportunity to remind citizens about earthquake preparedness and to celebrate first responders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Curious listener Allison Pennell grew up in Berkeley and learned all the lore around the 1906 earthquake, so she was surprised to see something \u003cem>new\u003c/em> while perusing a catalog from the Legion of Honor Museum. Staring back at her from the page was a photo of a group of African Americans dressed in turn-of-the-century clothing, watching from atop a hill as San Francisco burned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11983185\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 465px\">\u003ca href=\"https://oac.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/hb087004q7/?brand=oac4\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11983185\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Black-San-Franciscans-Clay-St-cropped.jpg\" alt=\"Black and white photo of early San Francisco. A small group of African Americans turn to the camera as huge smoke plumes rise behind them.\" width=\"465\" height=\"649\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Black-San-Franciscans-Clay-St-cropped.jpg 465w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Black-San-Franciscans-Clay-St-cropped-160x223.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 465px) 100vw, 465px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A group of African American San Franciscans watch the fire advance from Clay Street in 1906. \u003ccite>(\u003ca href=\"https://oac.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/hb087004q7/?brand=oac4\">UC Berkeley Bancroft Library\u003c/a>/Photographer: Arnold Genthe )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I just started to think about that photograph and what would have happened after the earthquake,” Allison said. “I know many people came over to the East Bay to set up an emergency situation over here. And so I thought, how did that work? Because you couldn’t probably, as a nonwhite person, go to the Claremont Hotel and say, ‘I’d like a suite,’ at that time. The discrimination was deep.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She knew that Black people had been settling in San Francisco since before the Gold Rush but had never before given much thought to how the discrimination common at the time might have affected the community’s ability to recover, access aid and rebuild after the 1906 quake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m interested to know what Black San Franciscans did to survive after the 1906 San Francisco earthquake and how they reestablished themselves either in the East Bay or back in San Francisco,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Before the Quake\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11983203\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"https://digitalsf.org/islandora/object/islandora%3A133093?solr_nav%5Bid%5D=e7446cdca8edd82a35cf&solr_nav%5Bpage%5D=46&solr_nav%5Boffset%5D=9\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11983203\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Devestation-featured.jpg\" alt=\"Sepia toned photo of a nearly flattened San Francisco from 1906.\" width=\"600\" height=\"454\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Devestation-featured.jpg 600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Devestation-featured-160x121.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">View looking down California Street after the earthquake and fire of 1906. \u003ccite>(San Francisco History Center/San Francisco Public Library)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>By 1906, many Black San Franciscans had already begun moving to the East Bay in search of more space, fewer restrictions and less expensive housing. Those who stayed in San Francisco lived in neighborhoods all over the city. Like other groups that immigrated to California during the Gold Rush, early Black settlers here were mostly single men who tended to live in hotels downtown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while societal norms were a bit looser in the fledgling city, there was still plenty of racism, especially when it came to employment. The best, most skilled jobs were reserved for white people, while Black residents struggled to find the most menial work. Accounts from the time describe jobs like errand runners, elevator operators, valets and hotel workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11983189\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"https://digitalsf.org/islandora/object/islandora%3A217449?solr_nav%5Bid%5D=8b7fbf8474525807d377&solr_nav%5Bpage%5D=1&solr_nav%5Boffset%5D=1#birds_eye_container\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11983189\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/palace-hotel-1906.jpg\" alt=\"Black and white photo of two grand buildings collapsing.\" width=\"600\" height=\"482\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/palace-hotel-1906.jpg 600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/palace-hotel-1906-160x129.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Grand Hotel (left) and Palace Hotel on fire as carriages go by. Some of the better jobs Black San Franciscans could find at the turn of the 20th century were in hotels like these, where they could earn tips. \u003ccite>(San Francisco History Center/The San Francisco Public Library)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When the Trans-Pacific Railroad was built and the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11910890/how-oaklands-16th-street-train-station-helped-build-west-oakland-and-the-modern-civil-rights-movement\">Southern Pacific Railroad opened a terminus in Oakland,\u003c/a> more jobs for Black people became available working on the trains and in the station. That was another reason many families chose to relocate to Oakland. A community had started to thrive in West Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Life Immediately After\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The 1906 earthquake and fire were catastrophic for all San Franciscans. And, as often happens in a crisis, people pulled together in the aftermath to help one another and to rebuild the city. It’s estimated that 80% of San Francisco was destroyed in the fire, and 200,000 people — rich and poor alike — were made homeless overnight. People of all backgrounds waited in long lines for basic supplies and sustenance, which added to the equalizing effect immediately after the earthquake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11983192\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"https://digitalsf.org/islandora/object/islandora%3A133547?solr_nav%5Bid%5D=6e0cba7e67868ea50c84&solr_nav%5Bpage%5D=43&solr_nav%5Boffset%5D=0\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11983192\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/food-lines.jpg\" alt=\"Black and white photo of weary people waiting in line with empty containers.\" width=\"600\" height=\"448\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/food-lines.jpg 600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/food-lines-160x119.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">After the 1906 earthquake, San Franciscans of all types had to wait in lines for basic necessities. \u003ccite>(San Francisco HIstory Center/The San Francisco Public LIbrary)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Artist-in-residence at the San Francisco Public Library, tanea lunsford lynx, discovered \u003ca href=\"https://digitalsf.org/islandora/object/islandora%3A48483\">a trove of oral histories from African Americans at the turn of the 20th century\u003c/a> and a few photos depicting Black San Franciscans during the earthquake and fire. tanea is a fourth-generation San Franciscan, so their roots go deep here, but they’d never seen or heard anything like this before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So even though my family has a deep history here, and even though we knew we were here, there hadn’t been photo proof that I’d seen,” they said. “And there certainly hadn’t been stories in our own voices about the experience of being here in 1906 and prior to that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>tanea was inspired to create an exhibit that looks at how the oral history of one man, Aurelious Alberga, speaks to San Francisco’s present moment. Her poetry and interpretation are up on \u003ca href=\"https://www.tanealunsfordlynx.com/wewerehere\">a website she created called “We Were Here.”\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Below are excerpts of first-person accounts from Black San Franciscans who lived through the 1906 earthquake and fire. Their oral histories are archived at the San Francisco Public Library’s History Center in a collection entitled “\u003ca href=\"https://url.us.m.mimecastprotect.com/s/qqXrCJ6PLruKXKK8FVA8XA?domain=oac.cdlib.org\">Afro-Americans in San Francisco prior to World War II Oral history project records\u003c/a>.” The histories were recorded in 1978 by Dr. Albert Broussard, author of \u003cem>Black San Francisco: The Struggle for Racial Equality in the West, 1900–1954\u003c/em>. The work was co-sponsored by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfaahcs.org/\">San Francisco African-American Historical and Cultural Society\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11983193\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1170px\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.tanealunsfordlynx.com/wewerehere\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11983193\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/youngaurelious.jpg\" alt=\"Black and white portrait of a young black man.\" width=\"1170\" height=\"1186\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/youngaurelious.jpg 1170w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/youngaurelious-800x811.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/youngaurelious-1020x1034.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/youngaurelious-160x162.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1170px) 100vw, 1170px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A young Aurelious Alberga (1884–1988)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Aurelious Alberga was born in San Francisco in 1884. He was a young man when the earthquake hit, renting a room in a hotel at the corner of Commercial and Kearny streets. His father rented a separate room on the floor above him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“The Quake loosened one side of the building and it collapsed. Outside the building were big windows, which years ago had iron shutters that pulled in and closed over a little balcony. When the bricks fell down, they forced the shutters closed. The doors in those days used to open out, and the door to my room was jammed shut — I couldn’t open it, you see. So I made enough noise and yelled out for my father. And he came down the best way he could and pulled away the rocks from the hallways to make the door wide enough so I could come out.” — Aurelious Alberga\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11983195\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"https://digitalsf.org/islandora/object/islandora%3A217420?solr_nav%5Bid%5D=d274b845e2f43463a2a6&solr_nav%5Bpage%5D=2&solr_nav%5Boffset%5D=10\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11983195\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/buildings-fall-down.jpg\" alt=\"Black and white photo of nearly flattened buildings, with people walking by on the street.\" width=\"600\" height=\"413\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/buildings-fall-down.jpg 600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/buildings-fall-down-160x110.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">People walk down the street, stopping to look at buildings that have been nearly flattened in the 1906 earthquake. \u003ccite>(San Francisco History Center/San Francisco Public Library)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“In the meantime, the city had started on fire. The water mains had broken, and they had no water, and no hoses long enough to draw water from the Bay. There’s nothing that could stop it. It just went ahead.” — Aurelious Alberga\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11983197\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"https://digitalsf.org/islandora/object/islandora%3A209339?solr_nav%5Bid%5D=168622d42efe2632415f&solr_nav%5Bpage%5D=4&solr_nav%5Boffset%5D=19\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11983197\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/dramatic-fire-1906.jpg\" alt=\"Dramatic black and white photo of a fierce fire burning behind the remains of a building.\" width=\"600\" height=\"435\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/dramatic-fire-1906.jpg 600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/dramatic-fire-1906-160x116.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Buildings burning on Market Street after the 1906 earthquake. \u003ccite>(San Francisco History Center/San Francisco Public Library)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Elizabeth Fisher Gordon was a little girl when the earthquake hit. Her family lived in a two-story flat on Jones Street at Broadway. She remembers that the week the quake hit was Easter vacation from school, so she and her mother and siblings had taken the ferry across the Bay to stay with her grandparents in Oakland for the week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“My father came over on the last boat before the earthquake hit, to my grandmother’s… I was so sure it was my fault because I didn’t kneel that night before I said prayers. I got into bed and then said my prayers because it was so cold. But I didn’t tell anyone that it was my fault the earthquake came.” —Elizabeth Fisher Gordon\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>When the aftershocks subsided, Elizabeth’s father wanted to go back to San Francisco to check on their house, but authorities were not letting people on the ferries back to the city. He had to get special permission to return to the devastated city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“And when he went over, he found out there was a whole lot of damage. But he was able to get a suitcase and put some things in it, never dreaming the fire would reach there, you know. And some of the things he brought were so insignificant my mother thought. I’ll never forget her repeating, “he brought \u003ci>that\u003c/i> book.” — Elizabeth Fisher Gordon\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Elizabeth’s family stayed with her grandparents for several months after the earthquake until her father bought a plot of land in the Mission and built them a new house. She remembers many people in the Black community relying on friends and family for help during this time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11983198\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"https://digitalsf.org/islandora/object/islandora%3A217433?solr_nav%5Bid%5D=8b7fbf8474525807d377&solr_nav%5Bpage%5D=1&solr_nav%5Boffset%5D=17\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11983198\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/cooking-street.jpg\" alt=\"Black and white photo of of a woman cooking on a cast iron stove in the street.\" width=\"600\" height=\"428\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/cooking-street.jpg 600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/cooking-street-160x114.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">People cooked in the streets or in their backyards after the quake because chimneys had fallen down, and it wasn’t safe to cook inside. \u003ccite>(San Francisco History Center/San Francisco Public Library)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Alfred Butler was a teenager living in Oakland when the quake struck. His father worked on the railroad and had more access to goods than most people in the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“He brought a lot of food out from Chicago to feed these people, White people all around the neighborhood. And the people all knew the Butlers. We had to eat in the backyard; we built a stove out of bricks to cook the meals on, because they wouldn’t allow you to cook in the house. The Earthquake had knocked all the chimneys down, so we had to eat in the backyard, fry and cook as best we could. People were thankful for that food too.” — Alfred Butler\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11983199\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"https://digitalsf.org/islandora/object/islandora%3A132890?solr_nav%5Bid%5D=f31fecf33ee6f0edcd0d&solr_nav%5Bpage%5D=5&solr_nav%5Boffset%5D=14\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11983199\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/refugee-camp-GGP.jpg\" alt=\"Rows of white tent set up in Golden Gate Park to house refugees from the 1906 earthquake.\" width=\"600\" height=\"345\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/refugee-camp-GGP.jpg 600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/refugee-camp-GGP-160x92.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Refugee camps like this one in Golden Gate Park were set up in parks throughout San Francisco to house the nearly 200,000 people who had become homeless overnight. The military managed the camps. \u003ccite>(San Francisco History Center/San Francisco Public Library)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Butler visited San Francisco right after the earthquake and described it as mostly rubble. All the tall buildings had fallen down. But he said people were already cleaning up, and within a year, they’d started to rebuild. Many Black San Franciscans moved to the Western Addition after the earthquake, including his brother.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11983201\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"https://digitalsf.org/islandora/object/islandora%3A134029?solr_nav%5Bid%5D=d11fd6bd47c32fd8a6e1&solr_nav%5Bpage%5D=8&solr_nav%5Boffset%5D=17\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11983201\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/rebuilding.jpg\" alt=\"Black and white photo of two men shoveling debris in front of burned out buildings.\" width=\"600\" height=\"486\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/rebuilding.jpg 600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/rebuilding-160x130.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">It is said that the bricks weren’t even cool before San Franciscans started rebuilding their city. \u003ccite>(San Francisco History Center/The San Francisco Public Library)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“My brother, right after the earthquake, he rented a place on Post near Fillmore. He got a place. He was just lucky. After the Earthquake, everybody moved on Fillmore Street. Businesses moved down Fillmore Street. All the business on Fillmore Street started booming. That’s where all the life was.” — Albert Butler\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>By 1915, just nine years after the devastating quake, San Francisco had largely been rebuilt. City leaders hosted the Panama-Pacific International Exposition to show the world it had recovered. While many people left San Francisco immediately after the quake, not too long after the 1915 World’s Fair, World War I began. A wave of new migrants came to the Bay Area then and again during World War II. The Black community in the Bay Area continued to grow in the East Bay, especially as ferry service to San Francisco improved so people could easily commute to the city for work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aB0eK5KO8k8\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousquestion]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 id=\"episode-transcript\">Episode Transcript\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/b> Every year on April 18th… at 5:13 in the morning…. San Franciscans gather at the corner of Market and Kearny Streets to remember.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Bob Sarlatte: \u003c/b>Once again, you crazy folks have come together at this ungodly hour to remember and honor the memories of those hearty San Franciscans who survived being tossed from their beds 117 years ago this morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>People come dressed up in period costumes…trying to inhabit the moment in 1906 when an earthquake with an estimated magnitude of 7.9 brought devastation to the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Bob Sarlatte: \u003c/b>Wednesday, April 18th, 1906 5:12 a.m. A great foreshock is felt throughout the San Francisco Bay area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>San Franciscans startled awake …only to see their city burning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Bob Sarlatte: \u003c/b>Fires rage and spread throughout the city. They are not stopped until 74 hours later. Many of San Francisco’s finest buildings collapse under the firestorms. Firefighters begin dynamiting buildings to create firebreaks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>But the fire kept leaping over the lines, traveling further west.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Bob Sarlatte: \u003c/b>The Great Fire reaches Van Ness Avenue, which is 125ft wide, facing the decision to blow his city to pieces or watch it burn, Mayor Schmitz finally agrees to let the army create a massive firebreak in the hopes that it can stop the raging inferno. Friday, April 20th, 1906 5 a.m. The fire break at Venice finally holds and the westward progression of the inferno was halted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/b> It took more than three days to fully put the fire out. And then San Franciscans took stock. Nearly 80-percent of the city had burned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Bob Sarlatte: \u003c/b>So if we can just have a moment of silence for those who died and those who helped with the city after the earthquake. (Silence) Let’s hear those sirens go. Here we are.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/b> The Great Earthquake and fire of 1906 were devastating to everyone living in San Francisco at the time, including its several thousand Black residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Curious listener Allison Pennell started wondering about how this community fared after the earthquake when she saw an old photo in a museum booklet. It showed a group of Black San Franciscans standing at the top of Clay Street, watching the fire burn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Allison Pennell: \u003c/b>And I just started to think about that photograph and what would have happened after the earthquake. I know many people came over to the East Bay, and they simply got into boats and got over here, to try to set up an emergency situation over here. And so I thought, how did that work? Because, you couldn’t just probably as a nonwhite person go to the Claremont Hotel and say, I’d like a suite. At that time, the discrimination was deep.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>She wanted to know more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Allison Pennell: \u003c/b>I’m interested to know what Black San Franciscans did to survive after the 1906 San Francisco earthquake and how they re-established themselves either in the East Bay or back in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>Today on Bay Curious, on the anniversary of the Big One, we’ll hear some first person accounts from those who survived the 1906 earthquake and fire. And we’ll learn how their stories are still inspiring Black San Franciscans generations later. I’m Olivia Allen-Price. Stay with us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SPONSOR\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>Stories and photos of the devastation wrought by the 1906 earthquake and fire are all around us in San Francisco. But it’s less common to see or hear explicit references to how the Black community fared after the quake. Bay Curious editor and producer Katrina Schwartz set out to learn more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>Sound of elevators at the library\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz:\u003c/b> You can find all kinds of cool stuff at the public library.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>tanea lunsford lynx: \u003c/b>I was thinking like, where do where does the ephemera live? Where do the things live that we can’t touch? What are the less visited things of the library?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>tanea lunsford lynx was recently an artist in residence at the San Francisco Public Library,\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>tanea lunsford lynx: \u003c/b>And then I found that there was an oral history project that had over 25, recorded oral histories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>She was \u003ci>transfixed\u003c/i> by the voices of Black Americans describing life in San Francisco at the turn of the 20th century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>tanea lunsford lynx: yea, we were here.\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz:\u003c/b> Now, tanea and I are standing in front of a display case on the third floor of the main branch …busy library life bustling around us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>tanea lunsford lynx: \u003c/b>I wanted folks to kind of happen upon it outside of the elevator. So when folks kind of get out there, struck by the photos that many of us have never seen. Of the 1906 earthquake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz in scene: \u003c/b>Yeah. Some people have seen some of the photos, like of the fire and stuff like that. What’s different about these ones?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>tanea lunsford lynx: \u003c/b>These photos are different because they’re featuring black American folks who were here in San Francisco at the time of the 1906 earthquake. So you not only see the plume of the fires, the smoke in the back of the photos, but you also see, black San Franciscans at the forefront of the photos who are, like, dressed very beautifully.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>tanea lunsford lynx: \u003c/b>My name is tanea lunsford lynx. I’m a writer and artist and educator. And fourth generation, like San Franciscan on both sides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>For Tanea, these photos were a revelation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>tanea lunsford lynx: \u003c/b>So even though my family has a deep history here, and even though we knew we were here, there hadn’t been like photo proof that I’d seen a lot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>As part of her residency at the library she began digging into the archives kept here and stumbled across an oral history recorded in 1978… of a man named Aurelius Alberga. A black man and a survivor of the 1906 earthquake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>tanea lunsford lynx: \u003c/b>And there certainly hadn’t been stories in our own voices about the experience of being here in 1906 and prior to that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>Music \u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>tanea lunsford lynx: \u003c/b>I felt a kinship pretty quickly. Because something about. Alberga’s tone reminded me of my grandfather’s voice and something about the quality of the audio is…Very appropriate for the time that it was recorded. And so you can, like hear the hum of the machine. You can hear like background noises, like I was I was automatically seated in someone’s house, like listening to them tell their stories. And it was that kinship, that closeness, that sense of intimacy that I was looking for.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Aurelius Alberga: \u003c/b>October 22, 1884.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Dr. Albert Broussard: \u003c/b>Where were you born?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Aurelius Alberga: \u003c/b>San Francisco\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Dr. Albert Broussard: \u003c/b>What about you parents. Where were they born?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Aurelius Alberga: \u003c/b>My father was born in Kingston, Jamaica. May mother was born in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>tanea lunsford lynx: \u003c/b>He was very chill, for lack of a better word, about surviving that earthquake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz:\u003c/b> Historian Dr. Albert Broussard recorded this oral history when Alberga was in his 90s. On the day of the Great Earthquake, Alberga was in his early 20s, sleeping in a room he rented at the corner of Commercial and Kearny Streets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>tanea lunsford lynx: \u003c/b>Aurelius Alberga is asleep in his apartment, which most likely was an SRO, single room occupancy. And he lived there, and his father lived in the apartment above him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Aurelius Alberga:\u003c/b> My father was living there too. He had a room right upstairs directly over me. The Quake loosened and one side of the building collapsed. The doors in those days used to open out, and the door to my room was jammed shut — I couldn’t open it, you see.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>tanea lunsford lynx:\u003c/b> He, like, yells for his father to know where he is, and his father comes down and helps him get out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz:\u003c/b> After escaping his small room, Alberga and his father go their separate ways. Alberga is worried about the man he works for who is blind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>tanea lunsford lynx:\u003c/b> Alberga’s job at that time is being a chauffeur for a man he calls old Metzger, who’s a man that he works for, who’s, like, wealthy, who’s a blind man. And, he develops this relationship with kind of like, caring for him in different ways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Aurelius Alberga:\u003c/b> He lived on O’Farrell Street between Stockton and Powell. The whole front side of the hotel had fallen out into the streets and left exposed the rooms on that end. He was right there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>tanea lunsford lynx:\u003c/b> And so Alberga is like, oh my gosh, I hope he’s okay. And he gets up to Metzger’s apartment. And this man is sleeping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Aurelius Alberga:\u003c/b> He slept through it all, which was a blessing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz:\u003c/b> After heroically saving Metzger’s life, he takes the old man to his mother’s house. Old Metzger is worried about savings he’s got stored in a safe downtown so he sends Alberga to retrieve the money. That errand takes Alberga all over the town and he watches as the city is destroyed. He recalls how the water mains were broken and firefighters struggled to contain the blaze.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Aurelius Alberga:\u003c/b> They had no water, and no hoses long enough to draw water from the Bay. There’s nothing that could stop it. It just went ahead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>tanea lunsford lynx:\u003c/b> It blew my mind that he could recall with precision the exact intersections of where things happened in San Francisco, particularly as a man of, like, more than 90 years old. Because I’m also aware of, like, yes, this was a trauma that he survived. And he was able to recall with such clarity where these things happened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>Alberga had lost everything in the earthquake and fire, his home, all his possessions. He bounced around the city, staying with friends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>tanea lunsford lynx:\u003c/b> One of the things he did say was that folks across like, race and ethnicity were really welcoming to each other as far as, like, inviting folks to literally stay in their homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Aurelius Alberga:\u003c/b> I don’t think there were any people as friendly as the ole San Franciscans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz:\u003c/b> No one as friendly as ‘ole San Franciscans. People were dragging their trunks down the road, nowhere to sleep…\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Aurelius Alberga:\u003c/b> People were dragging their trunks along the street and someone would come along and help them. They’d take someone in their house they had never seen before in your life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>Folks opened up their homes to people they’d never seen before in their lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>tanea lunsford lynx: \u003c/b>So that mutual aid and that care was something that Alberga named as something that was distinctly San Franciscan at the time, that it was a very friendly place at that time, particularly after this moment of crisis. And so that really stood out to me, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>Music transition\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>Elizabeth Fisher Gordon was just a little girl of nine-years-old when the earthquake struck. Her family lived in a flat in downtown San Francisco. But by 1906 many Black San Franciscans had relocated to the East Bay in search of more space and less expensive housing. Her grandmother lived in Oakland and Elizabeth had gone to stay with her for the Easter holidays, just before the quake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Elizabeth Fisher Gordon: \u003c/b>And my mother came over later in the week and brought the rest of the children. My father came over on the last boat before the earthquake hit, to my grandmother’s. I was so sure it was my fault because I didn’t kneel that night before I said prayers. I got into bed and then said my prayers because it was so cold. But I didn’t tell anyone that it was my fault the earthquake came.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>Elizabeth remembers all the chimneys in Oakland falling down during the earthquake. As morning dawned, chaos reigned and authorities would not let Elizabeth’s father return to San Francisco on the ferry. He had to get special permission to go check on their house.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Elizabeth Fisher Gordon: \u003c/b>And when he went over, he found out there was a whole lot of damage. But he was able to get a suitcase and put some things in it, never dreaming the fire would reach there, you know. And some of the things he brought were so insignificant my mother thought. I’ll never forget her repeating, “he brought that book.” (chuckles).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>Her father returned to Oakland where his family was — and their home on Jones street was consumed by the fire. Elizabeth says the family was lucky to be able to stay with her grandparents in Oakland until her father purchased a plot of land in the Mission to build them a new house. She says many Black San Franciscans tapped into networks of friends and family in Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Elizabeth Fisher Gordon: \u003c/b>The people from San Francisco came over here when their houses burned down and they took care of them over here. Red Cross, and they set up temporary housing and what have you for the people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>Tent cities sprang up in parks around San Francisco…housing 200-thousand people who had become homeless overnight. People set up outdoor kitchens and cooked together. Tanea lunsford lynx documented Black San Franciscans among these scenes in her exhibit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>tanea lunsford lynx: \u003c/b>The first photo that we see is a photo of two young black people, children who are sitting in the grass and you see tents and you see a clothing line up behind them, and you see a little stove for cooking as well. And this is a campsite that was set up in Golden Gate Park, because folks had lost everything.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>A PBS documentary called The Great 1906 San Francisco Earthquake paints a desolate picture of life in the aftermath.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>The Great 1906 San Francisco Earthquake Narration: \u003c/b>Standing in bread lines, meat lines, soup lines, any kind of a line became the central activity of life. Everyone had to do it. Soldiers made sure nobody cheated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>And anybody not standing in line, was put to work rebuilding the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>The Great 1906 San Francisco Earthquake Narration: \u003c/b>It was said that in many places, the debris was not even allowed to cool, and bricks were pitched from lots when still as warm as muffins. Volunteers on the cleanup crews took up the refrain in the damnedest, finest ruins I’d rather be a brick than live anywhere else but San Francisco. The great cleanup had begun. Thousands of standing walls were torn down. An estimated 6.5 billion bricks were carted away or cleaned of mortar to be reused in new buildings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>People who lived through these times remember it as a swift recovery. Alfred Butler was a Black teenager living in Oakland at the time of the earthquake. He took a mule and cart all the way down to San Jose and around the Bay in order to see what had happened to San Francisco for himself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He recalls seeing a lot of rubble, and the biggest buildings knocked down. But over the following months the recovery progressed quickly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Alfred Butler: \u003c/b>They built it up right away. In a year’s time, things were pretty well cleaned up. And then they started to build.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>At the turn of the 20th century, Black San Franciscans lived in neighborhoods scattered throughout San Francisco, but many single men were concentrated in hotels downtown…like Aurelius Alberga who we heard from earlier. Alfred Butler says after the earthquake, the Western Addition became the hub of Black life. That’s where his brother moved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Alfred Butler: \u003c/b>After the earthquake, everybody moved on Fillmore Street. All the businesses on Fillmore Street started booming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>San Franciscans came together after the quake and people from all walks of life helped one another in that moment of crises. But the oral histories of these Black Americans who survived it show that as the city rebuilt, it went back to the de facto racism that ruled it. Butler says good jobs were still reserved for white people, while Black people struggled to find menial ones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Albert Butler: \u003c/b>It was hard to get a job. Negroes, we had a tough time getting a job. A menial job like washing windows or running errands or something like that. Running an elevator or something like that. It was hard to get a job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>Music transition\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>For Tanea, the photos of San Franciscans living in tents, cooking outdoors, waiting in line for basic necessities are eerily similar to scenes on the streets of the city today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>tanea lunsford lynx: \u003c/b>When looking at these photos, I began to see the past, speaking to the future and the future, speaking to the past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>And as a Black person, tanea sees echoes of \u003ci>her San Francisco\u003c/i> in the oral histories she combed through. A small Black community fighting to stay in a changing city. The devastation of displacement and loss. But also the love of this place and the tenacity to survive. It’s all too familiar. Her poem “We Were Here” is an ode to the Black community in San Francisco, which stretches from the Gold Rush to now. Here’s an excerpt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>tanea lunsford lynx:\u003c/b> We were here already, living fantastical lives, already saving the best for the present, already studying the contours of the city. The bay knew us. This ocean was salted with our knowing already. We knew the feeling of firm ground. Before the shaking. We knew stability. The ground knew the planting and rising of our feet like a dance. We were already sending for each other, extending a fishing hook south and pulling each other up with calloused hands. We were already spinning tales about this mass of fog. We were already making home here. \u003ci>(fades under)\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>That story was brought to us by Bay Curious editor and producer, Katrina Schwartz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>tanea lunsford lynx:\u003c/b> But of course, we were here, living in our signature ways. Of course, when the earth shifted, we went looking for who could be lost in the cracks. Of course it made for lore. Of course we were doing the fantastical feat like a dance. The earth cracked open and we kept time, an offering of our survival. We kept on living.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>Music fades out\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/b> tanea’s exhibit is no longer on display at the library, but you can see all the photos she used and \u003ca href=\"https://www.tanealunsfordlynx.com/wewerehere\">read her writing on the project’s website\u003c/a>. You can find a link in our show notes or on baycurious.org.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Special thanks to the San Francisco History Center, part of the San Francisco Public Library for letting us use the oral histories in their archive. And to the San Francisco African-American Historical and Cultural Society who co-sponsored the original oral history project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s still time to vote in our April voting round. Here are your choices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Voice 1:\u003c/b> I was recently at the Morcom Rose Garden in Oakland and saw three different official Oakland signs that read, “No glitter.” I would love to know what happened at the rose garden to warrant so many signs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Voice 2:\u003c/b> Yesterday, I walked with a fellow science teacher on the Great Hwy. We commented on the blackish sand, made of iron filings. Where does the iron come from?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Voice 3:\u003c/b> Who are the de Youngs? I think they have some crazy stories!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>Vote for which question you think we should tackle next at baycurious.org. While you’re there, sign up for our monthly newsletter, ask your own question, or get lost listening through the Bay Curious archive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Curious is made in San Francisco at member-supported KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>Our show is made by:\u003cbr>\n\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>Katrina Schwartz\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Christopher Beale: \u003c/b>Christopher Beale\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/b> Katherine Monahan\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>and me, Olivia Allen Price. Additional support from:\u003cbr>\n\u003cb>Jen Chien: \u003c/b>Jen Chien\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katie Springer: \u003c/b>Katie Springer\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Cesar Saldana: \u003c/b>Cesar Saldana\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Maha Sanad: \u003c/b>Maha Sanad\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Holly Kernan:\u003c/b> Holly Kernan\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Crowd:\u003c/b> And the whole KQED family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>I’m Olivia Allen-Price. We’ll be back next week.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"On the anniversary of San Francisco’s 1906 Earthquake and Fire, African Americans who lived through the catastrophe share their experiences.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1713397394,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":true,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":139,"wordCount":5543},"headData":{"title":"Stunning Archival Photos of the 1906 Earthquake and Fire | KQED","description":"On the anniversary of San Francisco’s 1906 Earthquake and Fire, African Americans who lived through the catastrophe share their experiences.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Stunning Archival Photos of the 1906 Earthquake and Fire","datePublished":"2024-04-18T10:00:46.000Z","dateModified":"2024-04-17T23:43:14.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"audioUrl":"https://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3/pdst.fm/e/chrt.fm/track/G6C7C3/traffic.megaphone.fm/KQINC2571744994.mp3?updated=1713397061","sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11983182/stunning-archival-photos-of-the-1906-earthquake-and-fire","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"#episode-transcript\">View the full episode transcript.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On April 18, 1906, many San Franciscans awoke at 5:13 a.m. to feel the earth shaking. An estimated 7.9 earthquake rocked the San Andreas fault, causing the immediate collapse of many buildings in San Francisco’s downtown. That, in turn, began a fire that quickly spread throughout the city. It was a momentous day in the history of the Bay Area. Crucial records were lost in the blaze, and the event marked a dividing line in the historical record — pre- and post-quake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" />\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\n Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>,\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast platform.\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every year, San Franciscans gather early in the morning at the corner of Kearny and Market streets to commemorate the event. People dress up in period costumes, trying to embody the historic moment. City leaders use the anniversary as an opportunity to remind citizens about earthquake preparedness and to celebrate first responders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Curious listener Allison Pennell grew up in Berkeley and learned all the lore around the 1906 earthquake, so she was surprised to see something \u003cem>new\u003c/em> while perusing a catalog from the Legion of Honor Museum. Staring back at her from the page was a photo of a group of African Americans dressed in turn-of-the-century clothing, watching from atop a hill as San Francisco burned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11983185\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 465px\">\u003ca href=\"https://oac.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/hb087004q7/?brand=oac4\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11983185\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Black-San-Franciscans-Clay-St-cropped.jpg\" alt=\"Black and white photo of early San Francisco. A small group of African Americans turn to the camera as huge smoke plumes rise behind them.\" width=\"465\" height=\"649\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Black-San-Franciscans-Clay-St-cropped.jpg 465w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Black-San-Franciscans-Clay-St-cropped-160x223.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 465px) 100vw, 465px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A group of African American San Franciscans watch the fire advance from Clay Street in 1906. \u003ccite>(\u003ca href=\"https://oac.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/hb087004q7/?brand=oac4\">UC Berkeley Bancroft Library\u003c/a>/Photographer: Arnold Genthe )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I just started to think about that photograph and what would have happened after the earthquake,” Allison said. “I know many people came over to the East Bay to set up an emergency situation over here. And so I thought, how did that work? Because you couldn’t probably, as a nonwhite person, go to the Claremont Hotel and say, ‘I’d like a suite,’ at that time. The discrimination was deep.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She knew that Black people had been settling in San Francisco since before the Gold Rush but had never before given much thought to how the discrimination common at the time might have affected the community’s ability to recover, access aid and rebuild after the 1906 quake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m interested to know what Black San Franciscans did to survive after the 1906 San Francisco earthquake and how they reestablished themselves either in the East Bay or back in San Francisco,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Before the Quake\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11983203\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"https://digitalsf.org/islandora/object/islandora%3A133093?solr_nav%5Bid%5D=e7446cdca8edd82a35cf&solr_nav%5Bpage%5D=46&solr_nav%5Boffset%5D=9\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11983203\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Devestation-featured.jpg\" alt=\"Sepia toned photo of a nearly flattened San Francisco from 1906.\" width=\"600\" height=\"454\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Devestation-featured.jpg 600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Devestation-featured-160x121.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">View looking down California Street after the earthquake and fire of 1906. \u003ccite>(San Francisco History Center/San Francisco Public Library)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>By 1906, many Black San Franciscans had already begun moving to the East Bay in search of more space, fewer restrictions and less expensive housing. Those who stayed in San Francisco lived in neighborhoods all over the city. Like other groups that immigrated to California during the Gold Rush, early Black settlers here were mostly single men who tended to live in hotels downtown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while societal norms were a bit looser in the fledgling city, there was still plenty of racism, especially when it came to employment. The best, most skilled jobs were reserved for white people, while Black residents struggled to find the most menial work. Accounts from the time describe jobs like errand runners, elevator operators, valets and hotel workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11983189\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"https://digitalsf.org/islandora/object/islandora%3A217449?solr_nav%5Bid%5D=8b7fbf8474525807d377&solr_nav%5Bpage%5D=1&solr_nav%5Boffset%5D=1#birds_eye_container\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11983189\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/palace-hotel-1906.jpg\" alt=\"Black and white photo of two grand buildings collapsing.\" width=\"600\" height=\"482\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/palace-hotel-1906.jpg 600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/palace-hotel-1906-160x129.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Grand Hotel (left) and Palace Hotel on fire as carriages go by. Some of the better jobs Black San Franciscans could find at the turn of the 20th century were in hotels like these, where they could earn tips. \u003ccite>(San Francisco History Center/The San Francisco Public Library)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When the Trans-Pacific Railroad was built and the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11910890/how-oaklands-16th-street-train-station-helped-build-west-oakland-and-the-modern-civil-rights-movement\">Southern Pacific Railroad opened a terminus in Oakland,\u003c/a> more jobs for Black people became available working on the trains and in the station. That was another reason many families chose to relocate to Oakland. A community had started to thrive in West Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Life Immediately After\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The 1906 earthquake and fire were catastrophic for all San Franciscans. And, as often happens in a crisis, people pulled together in the aftermath to help one another and to rebuild the city. It’s estimated that 80% of San Francisco was destroyed in the fire, and 200,000 people — rich and poor alike — were made homeless overnight. People of all backgrounds waited in long lines for basic supplies and sustenance, which added to the equalizing effect immediately after the earthquake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11983192\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"https://digitalsf.org/islandora/object/islandora%3A133547?solr_nav%5Bid%5D=6e0cba7e67868ea50c84&solr_nav%5Bpage%5D=43&solr_nav%5Boffset%5D=0\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11983192\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/food-lines.jpg\" alt=\"Black and white photo of weary people waiting in line with empty containers.\" width=\"600\" height=\"448\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/food-lines.jpg 600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/food-lines-160x119.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">After the 1906 earthquake, San Franciscans of all types had to wait in lines for basic necessities. \u003ccite>(San Francisco HIstory Center/The San Francisco Public LIbrary)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Artist-in-residence at the San Francisco Public Library, tanea lunsford lynx, discovered \u003ca href=\"https://digitalsf.org/islandora/object/islandora%3A48483\">a trove of oral histories from African Americans at the turn of the 20th century\u003c/a> and a few photos depicting Black San Franciscans during the earthquake and fire. tanea is a fourth-generation San Franciscan, so their roots go deep here, but they’d never seen or heard anything like this before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So even though my family has a deep history here, and even though we knew we were here, there hadn’t been photo proof that I’d seen,” they said. “And there certainly hadn’t been stories in our own voices about the experience of being here in 1906 and prior to that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>tanea was inspired to create an exhibit that looks at how the oral history of one man, Aurelious Alberga, speaks to San Francisco’s present moment. Her poetry and interpretation are up on \u003ca href=\"https://www.tanealunsfordlynx.com/wewerehere\">a website she created called “We Were Here.”\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Below are excerpts of first-person accounts from Black San Franciscans who lived through the 1906 earthquake and fire. Their oral histories are archived at the San Francisco Public Library’s History Center in a collection entitled “\u003ca href=\"https://url.us.m.mimecastprotect.com/s/qqXrCJ6PLruKXKK8FVA8XA?domain=oac.cdlib.org\">Afro-Americans in San Francisco prior to World War II Oral history project records\u003c/a>.” The histories were recorded in 1978 by Dr. Albert Broussard, author of \u003cem>Black San Francisco: The Struggle for Racial Equality in the West, 1900–1954\u003c/em>. The work was co-sponsored by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfaahcs.org/\">San Francisco African-American Historical and Cultural Society\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11983193\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1170px\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.tanealunsfordlynx.com/wewerehere\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11983193\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/youngaurelious.jpg\" alt=\"Black and white portrait of a young black man.\" width=\"1170\" height=\"1186\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/youngaurelious.jpg 1170w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/youngaurelious-800x811.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/youngaurelious-1020x1034.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/youngaurelious-160x162.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1170px) 100vw, 1170px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A young Aurelious Alberga (1884–1988)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Aurelious Alberga was born in San Francisco in 1884. He was a young man when the earthquake hit, renting a room in a hotel at the corner of Commercial and Kearny streets. His father rented a separate room on the floor above him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“The Quake loosened one side of the building and it collapsed. Outside the building were big windows, which years ago had iron shutters that pulled in and closed over a little balcony. When the bricks fell down, they forced the shutters closed. The doors in those days used to open out, and the door to my room was jammed shut — I couldn’t open it, you see. So I made enough noise and yelled out for my father. And he came down the best way he could and pulled away the rocks from the hallways to make the door wide enough so I could come out.” — Aurelious Alberga\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11983195\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"https://digitalsf.org/islandora/object/islandora%3A217420?solr_nav%5Bid%5D=d274b845e2f43463a2a6&solr_nav%5Bpage%5D=2&solr_nav%5Boffset%5D=10\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11983195\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/buildings-fall-down.jpg\" alt=\"Black and white photo of nearly flattened buildings, with people walking by on the street.\" width=\"600\" height=\"413\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/buildings-fall-down.jpg 600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/buildings-fall-down-160x110.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">People walk down the street, stopping to look at buildings that have been nearly flattened in the 1906 earthquake. \u003ccite>(San Francisco History Center/San Francisco Public Library)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“In the meantime, the city had started on fire. The water mains had broken, and they had no water, and no hoses long enough to draw water from the Bay. There’s nothing that could stop it. It just went ahead.” — Aurelious Alberga\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11983197\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"https://digitalsf.org/islandora/object/islandora%3A209339?solr_nav%5Bid%5D=168622d42efe2632415f&solr_nav%5Bpage%5D=4&solr_nav%5Boffset%5D=19\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11983197\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/dramatic-fire-1906.jpg\" alt=\"Dramatic black and white photo of a fierce fire burning behind the remains of a building.\" width=\"600\" height=\"435\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/dramatic-fire-1906.jpg 600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/dramatic-fire-1906-160x116.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Buildings burning on Market Street after the 1906 earthquake. \u003ccite>(San Francisco History Center/San Francisco Public Library)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Elizabeth Fisher Gordon was a little girl when the earthquake hit. Her family lived in a two-story flat on Jones Street at Broadway. She remembers that the week the quake hit was Easter vacation from school, so she and her mother and siblings had taken the ferry across the Bay to stay with her grandparents in Oakland for the week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“My father came over on the last boat before the earthquake hit, to my grandmother’s… I was so sure it was my fault because I didn’t kneel that night before I said prayers. I got into bed and then said my prayers because it was so cold. But I didn’t tell anyone that it was my fault the earthquake came.” —Elizabeth Fisher Gordon\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>When the aftershocks subsided, Elizabeth’s father wanted to go back to San Francisco to check on their house, but authorities were not letting people on the ferries back to the city. He had to get special permission to return to the devastated city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“And when he went over, he found out there was a whole lot of damage. But he was able to get a suitcase and put some things in it, never dreaming the fire would reach there, you know. And some of the things he brought were so insignificant my mother thought. I’ll never forget her repeating, “he brought \u003ci>that\u003c/i> book.” — Elizabeth Fisher Gordon\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Elizabeth’s family stayed with her grandparents for several months after the earthquake until her father bought a plot of land in the Mission and built them a new house. She remembers many people in the Black community relying on friends and family for help during this time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11983198\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"https://digitalsf.org/islandora/object/islandora%3A217433?solr_nav%5Bid%5D=8b7fbf8474525807d377&solr_nav%5Bpage%5D=1&solr_nav%5Boffset%5D=17\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11983198\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/cooking-street.jpg\" alt=\"Black and white photo of of a woman cooking on a cast iron stove in the street.\" width=\"600\" height=\"428\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/cooking-street.jpg 600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/cooking-street-160x114.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">People cooked in the streets or in their backyards after the quake because chimneys had fallen down, and it wasn’t safe to cook inside. \u003ccite>(San Francisco History Center/San Francisco Public Library)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Alfred Butler was a teenager living in Oakland when the quake struck. His father worked on the railroad and had more access to goods than most people in the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“He brought a lot of food out from Chicago to feed these people, White people all around the neighborhood. And the people all knew the Butlers. We had to eat in the backyard; we built a stove out of bricks to cook the meals on, because they wouldn’t allow you to cook in the house. The Earthquake had knocked all the chimneys down, so we had to eat in the backyard, fry and cook as best we could. People were thankful for that food too.” — Alfred Butler\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11983199\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"https://digitalsf.org/islandora/object/islandora%3A132890?solr_nav%5Bid%5D=f31fecf33ee6f0edcd0d&solr_nav%5Bpage%5D=5&solr_nav%5Boffset%5D=14\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11983199\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/refugee-camp-GGP.jpg\" alt=\"Rows of white tent set up in Golden Gate Park to house refugees from the 1906 earthquake.\" width=\"600\" height=\"345\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/refugee-camp-GGP.jpg 600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/refugee-camp-GGP-160x92.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Refugee camps like this one in Golden Gate Park were set up in parks throughout San Francisco to house the nearly 200,000 people who had become homeless overnight. The military managed the camps. \u003ccite>(San Francisco History Center/San Francisco Public Library)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Butler visited San Francisco right after the earthquake and described it as mostly rubble. All the tall buildings had fallen down. But he said people were already cleaning up, and within a year, they’d started to rebuild. Many Black San Franciscans moved to the Western Addition after the earthquake, including his brother.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11983201\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"https://digitalsf.org/islandora/object/islandora%3A134029?solr_nav%5Bid%5D=d11fd6bd47c32fd8a6e1&solr_nav%5Bpage%5D=8&solr_nav%5Boffset%5D=17\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11983201\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/rebuilding.jpg\" alt=\"Black and white photo of two men shoveling debris in front of burned out buildings.\" width=\"600\" height=\"486\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/rebuilding.jpg 600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/rebuilding-160x130.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">It is said that the bricks weren’t even cool before San Franciscans started rebuilding their city. \u003ccite>(San Francisco History Center/The San Francisco Public Library)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“My brother, right after the earthquake, he rented a place on Post near Fillmore. He got a place. He was just lucky. After the Earthquake, everybody moved on Fillmore Street. Businesses moved down Fillmore Street. All the business on Fillmore Street started booming. That’s where all the life was.” — Albert Butler\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>By 1915, just nine years after the devastating quake, San Francisco had largely been rebuilt. City leaders hosted the Panama-Pacific International Exposition to show the world it had recovered. While many people left San Francisco immediately after the quake, not too long after the 1915 World’s Fair, World War I began. A wave of new migrants came to the Bay Area then and again during World War II. The Black community in the Bay Area continued to grow in the East Bay, especially as ferry service to San Francisco improved so people could easily commute to the city for work.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/aB0eK5KO8k8'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/aB0eK5KO8k8'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"baycuriousquestion","attributes":{"named":{"label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 id=\"episode-transcript\">Episode Transcript\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/b> Every year on April 18th… at 5:13 in the morning…. San Franciscans gather at the corner of Market and Kearny Streets to remember.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Bob Sarlatte: \u003c/b>Once again, you crazy folks have come together at this ungodly hour to remember and honor the memories of those hearty San Franciscans who survived being tossed from their beds 117 years ago this morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>People come dressed up in period costumes…trying to inhabit the moment in 1906 when an earthquake with an estimated magnitude of 7.9 brought devastation to the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Bob Sarlatte: \u003c/b>Wednesday, April 18th, 1906 5:12 a.m. A great foreshock is felt throughout the San Francisco Bay area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>San Franciscans startled awake …only to see their city burning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Bob Sarlatte: \u003c/b>Fires rage and spread throughout the city. They are not stopped until 74 hours later. Many of San Francisco’s finest buildings collapse under the firestorms. Firefighters begin dynamiting buildings to create firebreaks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>But the fire kept leaping over the lines, traveling further west.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Bob Sarlatte: \u003c/b>The Great Fire reaches Van Ness Avenue, which is 125ft wide, facing the decision to blow his city to pieces or watch it burn, Mayor Schmitz finally agrees to let the army create a massive firebreak in the hopes that it can stop the raging inferno. Friday, April 20th, 1906 5 a.m. The fire break at Venice finally holds and the westward progression of the inferno was halted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/b> It took more than three days to fully put the fire out. And then San Franciscans took stock. Nearly 80-percent of the city had burned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Bob Sarlatte: \u003c/b>So if we can just have a moment of silence for those who died and those who helped with the city after the earthquake. (Silence) Let’s hear those sirens go. Here we are.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/b> The Great Earthquake and fire of 1906 were devastating to everyone living in San Francisco at the time, including its several thousand Black residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Curious listener Allison Pennell started wondering about how this community fared after the earthquake when she saw an old photo in a museum booklet. It showed a group of Black San Franciscans standing at the top of Clay Street, watching the fire burn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Allison Pennell: \u003c/b>And I just started to think about that photograph and what would have happened after the earthquake. I know many people came over to the East Bay, and they simply got into boats and got over here, to try to set up an emergency situation over here. And so I thought, how did that work? Because, you couldn’t just probably as a nonwhite person go to the Claremont Hotel and say, I’d like a suite. At that time, the discrimination was deep.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>She wanted to know more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Allison Pennell: \u003c/b>I’m interested to know what Black San Franciscans did to survive after the 1906 San Francisco earthquake and how they re-established themselves either in the East Bay or back in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>Today on Bay Curious, on the anniversary of the Big One, we’ll hear some first person accounts from those who survived the 1906 earthquake and fire. And we’ll learn how their stories are still inspiring Black San Franciscans generations later. I’m Olivia Allen-Price. Stay with us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SPONSOR\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>Stories and photos of the devastation wrought by the 1906 earthquake and fire are all around us in San Francisco. But it’s less common to see or hear explicit references to how the Black community fared after the quake. Bay Curious editor and producer Katrina Schwartz set out to learn more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>Sound of elevators at the library\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz:\u003c/b> You can find all kinds of cool stuff at the public library.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>tanea lunsford lynx: \u003c/b>I was thinking like, where do where does the ephemera live? Where do the things live that we can’t touch? What are the less visited things of the library?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>tanea lunsford lynx was recently an artist in residence at the San Francisco Public Library,\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>tanea lunsford lynx: \u003c/b>And then I found that there was an oral history project that had over 25, recorded oral histories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>She was \u003ci>transfixed\u003c/i> by the voices of Black Americans describing life in San Francisco at the turn of the 20th century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>tanea lunsford lynx: yea, we were here.\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz:\u003c/b> Now, tanea and I are standing in front of a display case on the third floor of the main branch …busy library life bustling around us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>tanea lunsford lynx: \u003c/b>I wanted folks to kind of happen upon it outside of the elevator. So when folks kind of get out there, struck by the photos that many of us have never seen. Of the 1906 earthquake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz in scene: \u003c/b>Yeah. Some people have seen some of the photos, like of the fire and stuff like that. What’s different about these ones?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>tanea lunsford lynx: \u003c/b>These photos are different because they’re featuring black American folks who were here in San Francisco at the time of the 1906 earthquake. So you not only see the plume of the fires, the smoke in the back of the photos, but you also see, black San Franciscans at the forefront of the photos who are, like, dressed very beautifully.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>tanea lunsford lynx: \u003c/b>My name is tanea lunsford lynx. I’m a writer and artist and educator. And fourth generation, like San Franciscan on both sides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>For Tanea, these photos were a revelation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>tanea lunsford lynx: \u003c/b>So even though my family has a deep history here, and even though we knew we were here, there hadn’t been like photo proof that I’d seen a lot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>As part of her residency at the library she began digging into the archives kept here and stumbled across an oral history recorded in 1978… of a man named Aurelius Alberga. A black man and a survivor of the 1906 earthquake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>tanea lunsford lynx: \u003c/b>And there certainly hadn’t been stories in our own voices about the experience of being here in 1906 and prior to that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>Music \u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>tanea lunsford lynx: \u003c/b>I felt a kinship pretty quickly. Because something about. Alberga’s tone reminded me of my grandfather’s voice and something about the quality of the audio is…Very appropriate for the time that it was recorded. And so you can, like hear the hum of the machine. You can hear like background noises, like I was I was automatically seated in someone’s house, like listening to them tell their stories. And it was that kinship, that closeness, that sense of intimacy that I was looking for.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Aurelius Alberga: \u003c/b>October 22, 1884.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Dr. Albert Broussard: \u003c/b>Where were you born?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Aurelius Alberga: \u003c/b>San Francisco\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Dr. Albert Broussard: \u003c/b>What about you parents. Where were they born?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Aurelius Alberga: \u003c/b>My father was born in Kingston, Jamaica. May mother was born in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>tanea lunsford lynx: \u003c/b>He was very chill, for lack of a better word, about surviving that earthquake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz:\u003c/b> Historian Dr. Albert Broussard recorded this oral history when Alberga was in his 90s. On the day of the Great Earthquake, Alberga was in his early 20s, sleeping in a room he rented at the corner of Commercial and Kearny Streets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>tanea lunsford lynx: \u003c/b>Aurelius Alberga is asleep in his apartment, which most likely was an SRO, single room occupancy. And he lived there, and his father lived in the apartment above him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Aurelius Alberga:\u003c/b> My father was living there too. He had a room right upstairs directly over me. The Quake loosened and one side of the building collapsed. The doors in those days used to open out, and the door to my room was jammed shut — I couldn’t open it, you see.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>tanea lunsford lynx:\u003c/b> He, like, yells for his father to know where he is, and his father comes down and helps him get out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz:\u003c/b> After escaping his small room, Alberga and his father go their separate ways. Alberga is worried about the man he works for who is blind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>tanea lunsford lynx:\u003c/b> Alberga’s job at that time is being a chauffeur for a man he calls old Metzger, who’s a man that he works for, who’s, like, wealthy, who’s a blind man. And, he develops this relationship with kind of like, caring for him in different ways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Aurelius Alberga:\u003c/b> He lived on O’Farrell Street between Stockton and Powell. The whole front side of the hotel had fallen out into the streets and left exposed the rooms on that end. He was right there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>tanea lunsford lynx:\u003c/b> And so Alberga is like, oh my gosh, I hope he’s okay. And he gets up to Metzger’s apartment. And this man is sleeping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Aurelius Alberga:\u003c/b> He slept through it all, which was a blessing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz:\u003c/b> After heroically saving Metzger’s life, he takes the old man to his mother’s house. Old Metzger is worried about savings he’s got stored in a safe downtown so he sends Alberga to retrieve the money. That errand takes Alberga all over the town and he watches as the city is destroyed. He recalls how the water mains were broken and firefighters struggled to contain the blaze.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Aurelius Alberga:\u003c/b> They had no water, and no hoses long enough to draw water from the Bay. There’s nothing that could stop it. It just went ahead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>tanea lunsford lynx:\u003c/b> It blew my mind that he could recall with precision the exact intersections of where things happened in San Francisco, particularly as a man of, like, more than 90 years old. Because I’m also aware of, like, yes, this was a trauma that he survived. And he was able to recall with such clarity where these things happened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>Alberga had lost everything in the earthquake and fire, his home, all his possessions. He bounced around the city, staying with friends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>tanea lunsford lynx:\u003c/b> One of the things he did say was that folks across like, race and ethnicity were really welcoming to each other as far as, like, inviting folks to literally stay in their homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Aurelius Alberga:\u003c/b> I don’t think there were any people as friendly as the ole San Franciscans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz:\u003c/b> No one as friendly as ‘ole San Franciscans. People were dragging their trunks down the road, nowhere to sleep…\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Aurelius Alberga:\u003c/b> People were dragging their trunks along the street and someone would come along and help them. They’d take someone in their house they had never seen before in your life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>Folks opened up their homes to people they’d never seen before in their lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>tanea lunsford lynx: \u003c/b>So that mutual aid and that care was something that Alberga named as something that was distinctly San Franciscan at the time, that it was a very friendly place at that time, particularly after this moment of crisis. And so that really stood out to me, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>Music transition\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>Elizabeth Fisher Gordon was just a little girl of nine-years-old when the earthquake struck. Her family lived in a flat in downtown San Francisco. But by 1906 many Black San Franciscans had relocated to the East Bay in search of more space and less expensive housing. Her grandmother lived in Oakland and Elizabeth had gone to stay with her for the Easter holidays, just before the quake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Elizabeth Fisher Gordon: \u003c/b>And my mother came over later in the week and brought the rest of the children. My father came over on the last boat before the earthquake hit, to my grandmother’s. I was so sure it was my fault because I didn’t kneel that night before I said prayers. I got into bed and then said my prayers because it was so cold. But I didn’t tell anyone that it was my fault the earthquake came.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>Elizabeth remembers all the chimneys in Oakland falling down during the earthquake. As morning dawned, chaos reigned and authorities would not let Elizabeth’s father return to San Francisco on the ferry. He had to get special permission to go check on their house.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Elizabeth Fisher Gordon: \u003c/b>And when he went over, he found out there was a whole lot of damage. But he was able to get a suitcase and put some things in it, never dreaming the fire would reach there, you know. And some of the things he brought were so insignificant my mother thought. I’ll never forget her repeating, “he brought that book.” (chuckles).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>Her father returned to Oakland where his family was — and their home on Jones street was consumed by the fire. Elizabeth says the family was lucky to be able to stay with her grandparents in Oakland until her father purchased a plot of land in the Mission to build them a new house. She says many Black San Franciscans tapped into networks of friends and family in Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Elizabeth Fisher Gordon: \u003c/b>The people from San Francisco came over here when their houses burned down and they took care of them over here. Red Cross, and they set up temporary housing and what have you for the people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>Tent cities sprang up in parks around San Francisco…housing 200-thousand people who had become homeless overnight. People set up outdoor kitchens and cooked together. Tanea lunsford lynx documented Black San Franciscans among these scenes in her exhibit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>tanea lunsford lynx: \u003c/b>The first photo that we see is a photo of two young black people, children who are sitting in the grass and you see tents and you see a clothing line up behind them, and you see a little stove for cooking as well. And this is a campsite that was set up in Golden Gate Park, because folks had lost everything.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>A PBS documentary called The Great 1906 San Francisco Earthquake paints a desolate picture of life in the aftermath.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>The Great 1906 San Francisco Earthquake Narration: \u003c/b>Standing in bread lines, meat lines, soup lines, any kind of a line became the central activity of life. Everyone had to do it. Soldiers made sure nobody cheated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>And anybody not standing in line, was put to work rebuilding the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>The Great 1906 San Francisco Earthquake Narration: \u003c/b>It was said that in many places, the debris was not even allowed to cool, and bricks were pitched from lots when still as warm as muffins. Volunteers on the cleanup crews took up the refrain in the damnedest, finest ruins I’d rather be a brick than live anywhere else but San Francisco. The great cleanup had begun. Thousands of standing walls were torn down. An estimated 6.5 billion bricks were carted away or cleaned of mortar to be reused in new buildings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>People who lived through these times remember it as a swift recovery. Alfred Butler was a Black teenager living in Oakland at the time of the earthquake. He took a mule and cart all the way down to San Jose and around the Bay in order to see what had happened to San Francisco for himself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He recalls seeing a lot of rubble, and the biggest buildings knocked down. But over the following months the recovery progressed quickly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Alfred Butler: \u003c/b>They built it up right away. In a year’s time, things were pretty well cleaned up. And then they started to build.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>At the turn of the 20th century, Black San Franciscans lived in neighborhoods scattered throughout San Francisco, but many single men were concentrated in hotels downtown…like Aurelius Alberga who we heard from earlier. Alfred Butler says after the earthquake, the Western Addition became the hub of Black life. That’s where his brother moved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Alfred Butler: \u003c/b>After the earthquake, everybody moved on Fillmore Street. All the businesses on Fillmore Street started booming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>San Franciscans came together after the quake and people from all walks of life helped one another in that moment of crises. But the oral histories of these Black Americans who survived it show that as the city rebuilt, it went back to the de facto racism that ruled it. Butler says good jobs were still reserved for white people, while Black people struggled to find menial ones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Albert Butler: \u003c/b>It was hard to get a job. Negroes, we had a tough time getting a job. A menial job like washing windows or running errands or something like that. Running an elevator or something like that. It was hard to get a job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>Music transition\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>For Tanea, the photos of San Franciscans living in tents, cooking outdoors, waiting in line for basic necessities are eerily similar to scenes on the streets of the city today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>tanea lunsford lynx: \u003c/b>When looking at these photos, I began to see the past, speaking to the future and the future, speaking to the past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>And as a Black person, tanea sees echoes of \u003ci>her San Francisco\u003c/i> in the oral histories she combed through. A small Black community fighting to stay in a changing city. The devastation of displacement and loss. But also the love of this place and the tenacity to survive. It’s all too familiar. Her poem “We Were Here” is an ode to the Black community in San Francisco, which stretches from the Gold Rush to now. Here’s an excerpt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>tanea lunsford lynx:\u003c/b> We were here already, living fantastical lives, already saving the best for the present, already studying the contours of the city. The bay knew us. This ocean was salted with our knowing already. We knew the feeling of firm ground. Before the shaking. We knew stability. The ground knew the planting and rising of our feet like a dance. We were already sending for each other, extending a fishing hook south and pulling each other up with calloused hands. We were already spinning tales about this mass of fog. We were already making home here. \u003ci>(fades under)\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>That story was brought to us by Bay Curious editor and producer, Katrina Schwartz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>tanea lunsford lynx:\u003c/b> But of course, we were here, living in our signature ways. Of course, when the earth shifted, we went looking for who could be lost in the cracks. Of course it made for lore. Of course we were doing the fantastical feat like a dance. The earth cracked open and we kept time, an offering of our survival. We kept on living.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>Music fades out\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/b> tanea’s exhibit is no longer on display at the library, but you can see all the photos she used and \u003ca href=\"https://www.tanealunsfordlynx.com/wewerehere\">read her writing on the project’s website\u003c/a>. You can find a link in our show notes or on baycurious.org.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Special thanks to the San Francisco History Center, part of the San Francisco Public Library for letting us use the oral histories in their archive. And to the San Francisco African-American Historical and Cultural Society who co-sponsored the original oral history project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s still time to vote in our April voting round. Here are your choices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Voice 1:\u003c/b> I was recently at the Morcom Rose Garden in Oakland and saw three different official Oakland signs that read, “No glitter.” I would love to know what happened at the rose garden to warrant so many signs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Voice 2:\u003c/b> Yesterday, I walked with a fellow science teacher on the Great Hwy. We commented on the blackish sand, made of iron filings. Where does the iron come from?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Voice 3:\u003c/b> Who are the de Youngs? I think they have some crazy stories!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>Vote for which question you think we should tackle next at baycurious.org. While you’re there, sign up for our monthly newsletter, ask your own question, or get lost listening through the Bay Curious archive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Curious is made in San Francisco at member-supported KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>Our show is made by:\u003cbr>\n\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>Katrina Schwartz\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Christopher Beale: \u003c/b>Christopher Beale\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/b> Katherine Monahan\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>and me, Olivia Allen Price. Additional support from:\u003cbr>\n\u003cb>Jen Chien: \u003c/b>Jen Chien\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katie Springer: \u003c/b>Katie Springer\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Cesar Saldana: \u003c/b>Cesar Saldana\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Maha Sanad: \u003c/b>Maha Sanad\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Holly Kernan:\u003c/b> Holly Kernan\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Crowd:\u003c/b> And the whole KQED family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>I’m Olivia Allen-Price. We’ll be back next week.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11983182/stunning-archival-photos-of-the-1906-earthquake-and-fire","authors":["234"],"programs":["news_33523"],"series":["news_17986"],"categories":["news_8"],"tags":["news_993","news_5241","news_6627"],"featImg":"news_11983202","label":"news_33523"},"news_11983413":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11983413","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11983413","found":true},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"could-protesters-who-shut-down-golden-gate-bridge-be-charged-with-false-imprisonment","title":"Could Protesters Who Shut Down Golden Gate Bridge Be Charged With False Imprisonment?","publishDate":1713486749,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Could Protesters Who Shut Down Golden Gate Bridge Be Charged With False Imprisonment? | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 6:30 p.m. Thursday\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An announcement from San Francisco District Attorney Brooke Jenkins that she is considering the possibility of charging a group of pro-Palestinian protesters with a felony for \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11982940/protesters-shut-down-880-freeway-in-oakland-as-part-of-economic-blockade-for-gaza\">blocking the Golden Gate Bridge on Monday\u003c/a> has been met with concern by legal experts and civil rights advocates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They have also pushed back against \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/BrookeJenkinsSF/status/1780616603954204930\">Jenkins’ suggestion\u003c/a> that people who were stuck in traffic during the protest may be eligible for restitution as possible victims “detained against their will” or “\u003ca href=\"https://x.com/brookejenkinssf/status/1780369591367340514?s=46&t=7BBzFwo6eYLzJIVfAlumEQ\">falsely imprisoned”\u003c/a> — and should reach out to California Highway Patrol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These people, Jenkins wrote on X on Wednesday, “may be entitled to restitution + have other victim rights guaranteed under \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdcr.ca.gov/victim-services/marsys-law/\">Marsy’s law.\u003c/a>”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/BrookeJenkinsSF/status/1780616603954204930\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ACLU Northern California’s legal director Shilpi Agarwal called the idea — that anyone disrupted by a protest can seek financial payment from protesters — a “red flag.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Lawful protests are, by design, meant to be visible and inconvenient,” Agarwal said. “Lawful protests often create roadblocks or shut down streets or create traffic … The idea that people who suffer that inconvenience are victims and should get money from the protesters is a very dangerous notion.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>What happened after the Golden Gate Bridge protests?\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>San Francisco and Alameda County prosecutors are still waiting to review evidence from CHP before announcing any charges against the protesters, who were part of an international “economic blockade” to oppose \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/gaza/\">the United States’ financial support for Israel\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11821950 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/RS64575_022_KQED_AntiochPoliceRacistTextProtest_04182023-qut-1020x680.jpg']Israel’s monthslong siege of Gaza, in response to Hamas’ attack on Oct. 7 that killed some 1,200 Israelis according to Israel’s government, has caused \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/israel-hamas-gaza-war-statistics-95a6407fac94e9d589be234708cd5005\">widespread devastation:\u003c/a> 33,000 Palestinians — more than 13,000 of them children — have since been killed, according to Gaza health authorities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Israel’s attacks have also displaced 70% of Gaza’s population, and the United Nations is warning that \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/israel-palestinians-un-humanitarian-famine-gaza-malnutrition-cf622f843fe531fb6dbd5657a39d6b49\">a famine is approaching\u003c/a>. Since the siege began more than six months ago, thousands in the Bay Area have joined \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/gaza/\">rallies and protests demanding a cease-fire in Gaza\u003c/a>. (Read more about \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/series/1205445976/middle-east-crisis\">the decades-long conflict from NPR’s “Middle East crisis — explained”\u003c/a> series.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Monday, the 12 protesters arrested in a separate protest on two different sections of Interstate 880 in Oakland were quickly released. However, most of the 26 arrested on the Golden Gate Bridge were booked and held in jail for more than 24 hours on suspicion of felony conspiracy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The felony arrest charge gives Jenkins the opportunity to consider charging the Golden Gate Bridge protesters with a felony. Misdemeanors or infractions are more common charges for protesters, Agarwal said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While we must protect avenues for free speech, the exercise of free speech cannot compromise public safety,” Jenkins wrote in \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/BrookeJenkinsSF/status/1780369591367340514/photo/1\">a statement posted to X. \u003c/a>“I truly believe that there can be free expression while maintaining the safety of our communities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CHP spokesperson Andrew Barclay argued the protesters posed a serious threat to public safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everybody has a right to protest,” Barclay said. “People have a right to express their opinions. No one has the right to go on to a freeway and shut it down.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In order for the charges to come to fruition, Barclay said CHP needs to speak to individuals “trapped on the bridge as this was happening” and needs “to actually show that there are specific individuals who were in this situation because of the actions of the protesters. And we need to do that in order to be able to meet those standards that will articulate that crime was committed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During an unrelated press conference on climate change on Tuesday, \u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/newsletters/california-playbook-pm/2024/04/16/dems-narrow-the-swing-district-gap-00152679\">Gov. Gavin Newsom also criticized Monday’s protests\u003c/a>: “I don’t think that’s helpful, and I don’t think that’s responsible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The governor said that he believed “there are better ways of protesting” and that “people need to be held to account for their actions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>What do legal voices and advocates say?\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The Center for Protest Law and Litigation — which is representing the freeway protesters — has blasted CHP and framed the possible allegations as trumped-up arrest charges meant to silence peaceful protest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s kind of a way of inflicting a preemptive punishment before charges have even been filed,” said Rachel Lederman, the group’s senior council. “We haven’t seen this in recent years in San Francisco or in the Bay Area.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=\"news_11976328,news_11982940\"]Agarwal of the ACLU is concerned about the language Jenkins employed in the call out, which included \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/brookejenkinssf/status/1780369591367340514?s=46&t=7BBzFwo6eYLzJIVfAlumEQ\">“falsely imprisoned” and “restitution.” \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The only kind of interpretation that I can glean from that is [that] she really wants to dissuade people from exercising their right to protest by sort of heaping on these protesters all kinds of unusual consequences, some of which are financial,” Agarwal said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our concern is that’s really going to have a chilling effect on speech because lawful protesting is inconvenient,” she said. “It is how you draw attention to an issue.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lederman added that she thought “it’s a bit far-fetched to charge people with false imprisonment for blocking traffic” — although she said in her experience, restitution is common in criminal cases. She noted that \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11967536/protesters-calling-for-gaza-ceasefire-block-bay-bridges-westbound-lanes\">78 pro-Palestinian protesters arrested after they blocked the Bay Bridge\u003c/a> are paying “a very small amount of restitution to one person who had a specific medical bill that they attributed to the traffic blockage.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jenkins previously filed charges against those \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11967536/protesters-calling-for-gaza-ceasefire-block-bay-bridges-westbound-lanes\">Bay Bridge protesters\u003c/a>. However, a judge last month ordered them to pay the restitution and do community service instead of going to trial — a move Jenkins said she had to accept but did not support.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Agarwal said while she could not speak to the details of Monday’s actions, the government can place “reasonable limits on protest” in what is called \u003ca href=\"https://firstamendment.mtsu.edu/article/time-place-and-manner-restrictions/\">a “time, place, and manner restriction\u003c/a>,” by dictating certain parameters to try to ensure safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But “even in a situation where the protester does everything that they’re supposed to do, protests are inconvenient. They absolutely create traffic jams. They absolutely can create streets to shut down,” Agarwal said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That is a balance that we have struck in this country where we say we have a First Amendment right to voice our opinion on things, and we are willing to suffer some of the inconvenience that can come from that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Sydney Johnson and David Marks contributed to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Advocates have expressed concern at San Francisco District Attorney Brooke Jenkins' announcement on possible charges for Monday's pro-Palestinian protesters.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1713544337,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":30,"wordCount":1177},"headData":{"title":"Could Protesters Who Shut Down Golden Gate Bridge Be Charged With False Imprisonment? | KQED","description":"Advocates have expressed concern at San Francisco District Attorney Brooke Jenkins' announcement on possible charges for Monday's pro-Palestinian protesters.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Could Protesters Who Shut Down Golden Gate Bridge Be Charged With False Imprisonment?","datePublished":"2024-04-19T00:32:29.000Z","dateModified":"2024-04-19T16:32:17.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11983413/could-protesters-who-shut-down-golden-gate-bridge-be-charged-with-false-imprisonment","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 6:30 p.m. Thursday\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An announcement from San Francisco District Attorney Brooke Jenkins that she is considering the possibility of charging a group of pro-Palestinian protesters with a felony for \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11982940/protesters-shut-down-880-freeway-in-oakland-as-part-of-economic-blockade-for-gaza\">blocking the Golden Gate Bridge on Monday\u003c/a> has been met with concern by legal experts and civil rights advocates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They have also pushed back against \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/BrookeJenkinsSF/status/1780616603954204930\">Jenkins’ suggestion\u003c/a> that people who were stuck in traffic during the protest may be eligible for restitution as possible victims “detained against their will” or “\u003ca href=\"https://x.com/brookejenkinssf/status/1780369591367340514?s=46&t=7BBzFwo6eYLzJIVfAlumEQ\">falsely imprisoned”\u003c/a> — and should reach out to California Highway Patrol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These people, Jenkins wrote on X on Wednesday, “may be entitled to restitution + have other victim rights guaranteed under \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdcr.ca.gov/victim-services/marsys-law/\">Marsy’s law.\u003c/a>”\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"singleTwitterStatus","attributes":{"named":{"id":"1780616603954204930"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>ACLU Northern California’s legal director Shilpi Agarwal called the idea — that anyone disrupted by a protest can seek financial payment from protesters — a “red flag.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Lawful protests are, by design, meant to be visible and inconvenient,” Agarwal said. “Lawful protests often create roadblocks or shut down streets or create traffic … The idea that people who suffer that inconvenience are victims and should get money from the protesters is a very dangerous notion.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>What happened after the Golden Gate Bridge protests?\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>San Francisco and Alameda County prosecutors are still waiting to review evidence from CHP before announcing any charges against the protesters, who were part of an international “economic blockade” to oppose \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/gaza/\">the United States’ financial support for Israel\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"news_11821950","hero":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/RS64575_022_KQED_AntiochPoliceRacistTextProtest_04182023-qut-1020x680.jpg","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Israel’s monthslong siege of Gaza, in response to Hamas’ attack on Oct. 7 that killed some 1,200 Israelis according to Israel’s government, has caused \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/israel-hamas-gaza-war-statistics-95a6407fac94e9d589be234708cd5005\">widespread devastation:\u003c/a> 33,000 Palestinians — more than 13,000 of them children — have since been killed, according to Gaza health authorities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Israel’s attacks have also displaced 70% of Gaza’s population, and the United Nations is warning that \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/israel-palestinians-un-humanitarian-famine-gaza-malnutrition-cf622f843fe531fb6dbd5657a39d6b49\">a famine is approaching\u003c/a>. Since the siege began more than six months ago, thousands in the Bay Area have joined \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/gaza/\">rallies and protests demanding a cease-fire in Gaza\u003c/a>. (Read more about \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/series/1205445976/middle-east-crisis\">the decades-long conflict from NPR’s “Middle East crisis — explained”\u003c/a> series.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Monday, the 12 protesters arrested in a separate protest on two different sections of Interstate 880 in Oakland were quickly released. However, most of the 26 arrested on the Golden Gate Bridge were booked and held in jail for more than 24 hours on suspicion of felony conspiracy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The felony arrest charge gives Jenkins the opportunity to consider charging the Golden Gate Bridge protesters with a felony. Misdemeanors or infractions are more common charges for protesters, Agarwal said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While we must protect avenues for free speech, the exercise of free speech cannot compromise public safety,” Jenkins wrote in \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/BrookeJenkinsSF/status/1780369591367340514/photo/1\">a statement posted to X. \u003c/a>“I truly believe that there can be free expression while maintaining the safety of our communities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CHP spokesperson Andrew Barclay argued the protesters posed a serious threat to public safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everybody has a right to protest,” Barclay said. “People have a right to express their opinions. No one has the right to go on to a freeway and shut it down.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In order for the charges to come to fruition, Barclay said CHP needs to speak to individuals “trapped on the bridge as this was happening” and needs “to actually show that there are specific individuals who were in this situation because of the actions of the protesters. And we need to do that in order to be able to meet those standards that will articulate that crime was committed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During an unrelated press conference on climate change on Tuesday, \u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/newsletters/california-playbook-pm/2024/04/16/dems-narrow-the-swing-district-gap-00152679\">Gov. Gavin Newsom also criticized Monday’s protests\u003c/a>: “I don’t think that’s helpful, and I don’t think that’s responsible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The governor said that he believed “there are better ways of protesting” and that “people need to be held to account for their actions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>What do legal voices and advocates say?\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The Center for Protest Law and Litigation — which is representing the freeway protesters — has blasted CHP and framed the possible allegations as trumped-up arrest charges meant to silence peaceful protest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s kind of a way of inflicting a preemptive punishment before charges have even been filed,” said Rachel Lederman, the group’s senior council. “We haven’t seen this in recent years in San Francisco or in the Bay Area.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"Related Stories ","postid":"news_11976328,news_11982940"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Agarwal of the ACLU is concerned about the language Jenkins employed in the call out, which included \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/brookejenkinssf/status/1780369591367340514?s=46&t=7BBzFwo6eYLzJIVfAlumEQ\">“falsely imprisoned” and “restitution.” \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The only kind of interpretation that I can glean from that is [that] she really wants to dissuade people from exercising their right to protest by sort of heaping on these protesters all kinds of unusual consequences, some of which are financial,” Agarwal said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our concern is that’s really going to have a chilling effect on speech because lawful protesting is inconvenient,” she said. “It is how you draw attention to an issue.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lederman added that she thought “it’s a bit far-fetched to charge people with false imprisonment for blocking traffic” — although she said in her experience, restitution is common in criminal cases. She noted that \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11967536/protesters-calling-for-gaza-ceasefire-block-bay-bridges-westbound-lanes\">78 pro-Palestinian protesters arrested after they blocked the Bay Bridge\u003c/a> are paying “a very small amount of restitution to one person who had a specific medical bill that they attributed to the traffic blockage.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jenkins previously filed charges against those \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11967536/protesters-calling-for-gaza-ceasefire-block-bay-bridges-westbound-lanes\">Bay Bridge protesters\u003c/a>. However, a judge last month ordered them to pay the restitution and do community service instead of going to trial — a move Jenkins said she had to accept but did not support.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Agarwal said while she could not speak to the details of Monday’s actions, the government can place “reasonable limits on protest” in what is called \u003ca href=\"https://firstamendment.mtsu.edu/article/time-place-and-manner-restrictions/\">a “time, place, and manner restriction\u003c/a>,” by dictating certain parameters to try to ensure safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But “even in a situation where the protester does everything that they’re supposed to do, protests are inconvenient. They absolutely create traffic jams. They absolutely can create streets to shut down,” Agarwal said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That is a balance that we have struck in this country where we say we have a First Amendment right to voice our opinion on things, and we are willing to suffer some of the inconvenience that can come from that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Sydney Johnson and David Marks contributed to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11983413/could-protesters-who-shut-down-golden-gate-bridge-be-charged-with-false-imprisonment","authors":["11867","1263"],"categories":["news_8"],"tags":["news_32707","news_31298","news_33900","news_27626","news_33647","news_38"],"featImg":"news_11982969","label":"news"},"news_11983217":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11983217","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11983217","found":true},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"why-nearly-50-california-hospitals-were-forced-to-end-maternity-ward-services","title":"Why Nearly 50 California Hospitals Were Forced to End Maternity Ward Services","publishDate":1713380414,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Why Nearly 50 California Hospitals Were Forced to End Maternity Ward Services | KQED","labelTerm":{"term":18481,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>In just the first few months of 2024, four California hospitals have closed or announced plans to close their maternity wards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The closures are part of an accelerating trend unfolding across the state, creating maternity care deserts and decreasing access to prenatal care. In the past three years, 29 hospitals stopped delivering babies, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/health/2023/11/california-hospitals-close-maternity-wards/\">CalMatters investigation on maternity ward closures\u003c/a>. Nearly 50 obstetrics departments have closed over the past decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, California lawmakers are trying to slow the trend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Assemblymember \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/legislators/akilah-weber-165432\">Akilah Weber\u003c/a> and Sen. \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/legislators/dave-cortese-164699\">Dave Cortese\u003c/a> are pursuing legislation to increase transparency around planned maternity ward closures, potentially giving counties and the state time to intervene.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Weber, a Democrat from La Mesa, wants hospitals to notify the state a year in advance if labor and delivery services are at risk of ending. The measure would also require the state to conduct a community impact report when a hospital indicates that it may lose maternity care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cortese, a Democrat from Campbell, wants to increase the public notification requirement of an impending closure from 90 days to 120 days and require the hospital to analyze how a closure could increase costs for the county health system, where the next-closest maternity wards are located and who is most likely to be affected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cortese’s bill would also require increased notification for planned closures of inpatient psychiatric services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We cannot continue to just discuss these issues and not implement policies to prevent or mitigate the harms and the continued disparities,” Weber said during an Assembly Health Committee hearing on Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Groups representing doctors and reproductive health advocates support the measure. Nurses and consumer health advocates support Cortese’s bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Why are California maternity wards closing?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Ryan Spencer, a lobbyist for the regional chapter of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists who testified in support of Weber’s measure, said there are often situations during birth where “every minute can be the difference between life and death.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What if you are a patient like this and literally had nowhere to go, who had to drive hours upon hours to get care? We have to find a way to end this crisis,” Spencer said during his testimony.[aside postID=news_11968835 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/20231108-Alameda-Black-Maternal-Health-021-JY-qut-1020x680.jpg']Maternity wards are closing for several reasons, according to hospital administrators. They cite labor shortages, increasing costs, low reimbursements and declining birth rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Hospital Association opposes Cortese’s bill and has registered “concerns” about Weber’s. The group argues that neither bill will address the underlying reasons for maternity ward closures and may cause hospitals to terminate services sooner as employees leave and patients look elsewhere for care, said Kirsten Barlow, vice president of policy with the hospital association, during a Senate hearing earlier this month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Current law requires hospitals to notify the public 90 days before a proposed service cut but doesn’t require the state to receive additional notification. Weber said that 90 days is “clearly not sufficient for the state to be able to intervene.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Maternity care deserts emerge\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>CalMatters found that 12 counties have no hospital delivering babies, including Madera County, where the sudden closure of the county’s only hospital in 2022 spurred a flurry of emergency legislation supporting \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/health/2023/08/california-hospitals-bailout-loans/\">distressed hospitals\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/health/2024/02/madera-hospital-reopen/\">Madera Community Hospital\u003c/a> is now on track to reopen but without a maternity ward. The company reopening the hospital, American Advanced Management, has indicated that low insurance reimbursement rates factored into its decision to open without labor and delivery.[aside postID=news_11976372 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/010423-MaderaCommunityHospital-LV_CM_07-copy-1020x680.jpg']“Reopening maternity would be like reopening two hospitals at the same time,” Matthew Beehler, chief strategy officer at American Advanced Management, previously told CalMatters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, the bill authors and advocates are adamant that access to maternity care is a necessity. National studies indicate that \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5885848/\">rates of preterm birth increase,\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://corey-white.com/assets/docs/frw_reduced_form_manuscript_AEJ_R1.pdf\">women receive less prenatal care\u003c/a> when labor and delivery units shut down, particularly in rural areas. CalMatters found that maternity closures in California disproportionately impact low-income and Latino communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is really a very simple bill. It doesn’t do much. It creates a public hearing opportunity at the local level to deal with issues that are …absolutely vital to the survival of our constituents,” Cortese said during a Senate Health Committee hearing on his measure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Two California lawmakers introduced bills intended to slow maternity ward closures after an investigation found nearly 50 hospitals had ended labor and delivery services between 2012 and 2023.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1713380834,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":19,"wordCount":778},"headData":{"title":"Why Nearly 50 California Hospitals Were Forced to End Maternity Ward Services | KQED","description":"Two California lawmakers introduced bills intended to slow maternity ward closures after an investigation found nearly 50 hospitals had ended labor and delivery services between 2012 and 2023.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Why Nearly 50 California Hospitals Were Forced to End Maternity Ward Services","datePublished":"2024-04-17T19:00:14.000Z","dateModified":"2024-04-17T19:07:14.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"sticky":false,"nprByline":"Kristen Hwang, CalMatters","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11983217/why-nearly-50-california-hospitals-were-forced-to-end-maternity-ward-services","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In just the first few months of 2024, four California hospitals have closed or announced plans to close their maternity wards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The closures are part of an accelerating trend unfolding across the state, creating maternity care deserts and decreasing access to prenatal care. In the past three years, 29 hospitals stopped delivering babies, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/health/2023/11/california-hospitals-close-maternity-wards/\">CalMatters investigation on maternity ward closures\u003c/a>. Nearly 50 obstetrics departments have closed over the past decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, California lawmakers are trying to slow the trend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Assemblymember \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/legislators/akilah-weber-165432\">Akilah Weber\u003c/a> and Sen. \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/legislators/dave-cortese-164699\">Dave Cortese\u003c/a> are pursuing legislation to increase transparency around planned maternity ward closures, potentially giving counties and the state time to intervene.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Weber, a Democrat from La Mesa, wants hospitals to notify the state a year in advance if labor and delivery services are at risk of ending. The measure would also require the state to conduct a community impact report when a hospital indicates that it may lose maternity care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cortese, a Democrat from Campbell, wants to increase the public notification requirement of an impending closure from 90 days to 120 days and require the hospital to analyze how a closure could increase costs for the county health system, where the next-closest maternity wards are located and who is most likely to be affected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cortese’s bill would also require increased notification for planned closures of inpatient psychiatric services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We cannot continue to just discuss these issues and not implement policies to prevent or mitigate the harms and the continued disparities,” Weber said during an Assembly Health Committee hearing on Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Groups representing doctors and reproductive health advocates support the measure. Nurses and consumer health advocates support Cortese’s bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Why are California maternity wards closing?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Ryan Spencer, a lobbyist for the regional chapter of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists who testified in support of Weber’s measure, said there are often situations during birth where “every minute can be the difference between life and death.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What if you are a patient like this and literally had nowhere to go, who had to drive hours upon hours to get care? We have to find a way to end this crisis,” Spencer said during his testimony.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"news_11968835","hero":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/20231108-Alameda-Black-Maternal-Health-021-JY-qut-1020x680.jpg","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Maternity wards are closing for several reasons, according to hospital administrators. They cite labor shortages, increasing costs, low reimbursements and declining birth rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Hospital Association opposes Cortese’s bill and has registered “concerns” about Weber’s. The group argues that neither bill will address the underlying reasons for maternity ward closures and may cause hospitals to terminate services sooner as employees leave and patients look elsewhere for care, said Kirsten Barlow, vice president of policy with the hospital association, during a Senate hearing earlier this month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Current law requires hospitals to notify the public 90 days before a proposed service cut but doesn’t require the state to receive additional notification. Weber said that 90 days is “clearly not sufficient for the state to be able to intervene.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Maternity care deserts emerge\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>CalMatters found that 12 counties have no hospital delivering babies, including Madera County, where the sudden closure of the county’s only hospital in 2022 spurred a flurry of emergency legislation supporting \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/health/2023/08/california-hospitals-bailout-loans/\">distressed hospitals\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/health/2024/02/madera-hospital-reopen/\">Madera Community Hospital\u003c/a> is now on track to reopen but without a maternity ward. The company reopening the hospital, American Advanced Management, has indicated that low insurance reimbursement rates factored into its decision to open without labor and delivery.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"news_11976372","hero":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/010423-MaderaCommunityHospital-LV_CM_07-copy-1020x680.jpg","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“Reopening maternity would be like reopening two hospitals at the same time,” Matthew Beehler, chief strategy officer at American Advanced Management, previously told CalMatters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, the bill authors and advocates are adamant that access to maternity care is a necessity. National studies indicate that \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5885848/\">rates of preterm birth increase,\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://corey-white.com/assets/docs/frw_reduced_form_manuscript_AEJ_R1.pdf\">women receive less prenatal care\u003c/a> when labor and delivery units shut down, particularly in rural areas. CalMatters found that maternity closures in California disproportionately impact low-income and Latino communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is really a very simple bill. It doesn’t do much. It creates a public hearing opportunity at the local level to deal with issues that are …absolutely vital to the survival of our constituents,” Cortese said during a Senate Health Committee hearing on his measure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11983217/why-nearly-50-california-hospitals-were-forced-to-end-maternity-ward-services","authors":["byline_news_11983217"],"categories":["news_457","news_8"],"tags":["news_18538","news_18543","news_18659","news_33578","news_21771","news_33583"],"affiliates":["news_18481"],"featImg":"news_11983218","label":"news_18481"},"news_11983384":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11983384","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11983384","found":true},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"san-francisco-sues-oakland-over-plan-to-change-airport-name","title":"San Francisco Sues Oakland Over Plan to Change Airport Name","publishDate":1713473845,"format":"standard","headTitle":"San Francisco Sues Oakland Over Plan to Change Airport Name | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>Ready for another Battle of the Bay?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco on Thursday sued Oakland to block the city from renaming Oakland International Airport to “San Francisco Bay Oakland International Airport.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Filed in U.S. district court, the suit accuses Oakland of infringing on San Francisco International Airport’s (SFO) trademark. It comes a week after the Port of Oakland’s board of commissioners \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11982744/oakland-officials-to-proceed-with-controversial-move-to-rename-airport\">voted unanimously\u003c/a> to move forward with the name change in a bid to draw more traffic to the airport.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But San Francisco City Attorney David Chiu said the renaming would lead to widespread confusion and chaos for travelers, particularly non-English speakers. He noted that at least one international airline — Portugal’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.azoresairlines.pt/\">Azores Airlines\u003c/a> — has already started using the new name on its flight reservations system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We believe that Oakland intentionally designed their new rename to divert those who were unfamiliar with Bay Area geography, and also is trying to mislead the public in suggesting that Oakland might have a business relationship with SFO, which it does not,” Chiu told KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said the name change would likely cause many travelers to go to the wrong airport and miss their flights and could result in major economic losses and damage to the regional travel industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chiu added that his office only learned about the proposed name change about a half hour before the Oakland Port \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W7IDRj5KUF4\">publicly announced it last month\u003c/a>. Since then, he said, Oakland has rebuffed his repeated attempts to work with the city to come up with a more reasonable alternative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Litigation, from our perspective, is a last resort,” he said, “but given that Oakland has refused to engage with us, we’re forced to move forward with a lawsuit today.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The suit seeks to force Oakland to stop using the new name, destroy all physical and digital materials that display it, and to pay any related damages and fees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11982744\" label=\"Related Story\"]In a statement on Thursday, Port of Oakland Attorney Mary Richardson dismissed the notion that the proposed renaming in any way violated SFO’s trademark and said the port would “take all reasonable measures to ensure clarity for travelers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“SFO cannot lay claim to the geographically descriptive term ‘San Francisco,’ let alone claim exclusive rights to the San Francisco Bay,” she said. “The Port trusts that travelers understand that the San Francisco Bay — like virtually every other major metropolitan area throughout the world — can contain more than one airport.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its late March video announcement, Oakland Board of Port Commissioners President Barbara Leslie said increasing the public’s awareness of the airport’s central geographic location in the Bay Area was key to increasing the number of available flights and destinations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve found that over half of frequent international travelers and nearly a third of domestic travelers are unaware of OAK’s amazing location in the heart of Northern California and the San Francisco Bay Area,” she said in the video.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leslie added that the lack of awareness has meant flights haven’t performed as well as they could, leading to a loss of existing routes and a reluctance among airlines to add new routes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Port officials last week also released the results of two surveys asking residents of Oakland and the broader East Bay region to weigh in on the proposed name change. Initially, only a slim majority said they were comfortable with the change. But after the rationale for the change was explained to them, roughly two-thirds of respondents said they approved of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Chiu argued that there are many other ways for Oakland’s airport to reference its geographic location without infringing on SFO’s trademark and confusing countless travelers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Oakland is trying to profit off of the fact that SFO has invested billions of dollars over decades in the reputation of the name San Francisco International Airport, the services at San Francisco International Airport,” he said. “And that’s not fair.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story includes reporting from KQED’s Juan Carlos Lara.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The federal lawsuit argues that Oakland is intentionally trying to confuse passengers and divert traffic from SFO by renaming its airport ‘San Francisco Bay Oakland International Airport.’","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1713504925,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":20,"wordCount":710},"headData":{"title":"San Francisco Sues Oakland Over Plan to Change Airport Name | KQED","description":"The federal lawsuit argues that Oakland is intentionally trying to confuse passengers and divert traffic from SFO by renaming its airport ‘San Francisco Bay Oakland International Airport.’","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"San Francisco Sues Oakland Over Plan to Change Airport Name","datePublished":"2024-04-18T20:57:25.000Z","dateModified":"2024-04-19T05:35:25.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11983384/san-francisco-sues-oakland-over-plan-to-change-airport-name","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Ready for another Battle of the Bay?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco on Thursday sued Oakland to block the city from renaming Oakland International Airport to “San Francisco Bay Oakland International Airport.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Filed in U.S. district court, the suit accuses Oakland of infringing on San Francisco International Airport’s (SFO) trademark. It comes a week after the Port of Oakland’s board of commissioners \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11982744/oakland-officials-to-proceed-with-controversial-move-to-rename-airport\">voted unanimously\u003c/a> to move forward with the name change in a bid to draw more traffic to the airport.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But San Francisco City Attorney David Chiu said the renaming would lead to widespread confusion and chaos for travelers, particularly non-English speakers. He noted that at least one international airline — Portugal’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.azoresairlines.pt/\">Azores Airlines\u003c/a> — has already started using the new name on its flight reservations system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We believe that Oakland intentionally designed their new rename to divert those who were unfamiliar with Bay Area geography, and also is trying to mislead the public in suggesting that Oakland might have a business relationship with SFO, which it does not,” Chiu told KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said the name change would likely cause many travelers to go to the wrong airport and miss their flights and could result in major economic losses and damage to the regional travel industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chiu added that his office only learned about the proposed name change about a half hour before the Oakland Port \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W7IDRj5KUF4\">publicly announced it last month\u003c/a>. Since then, he said, Oakland has rebuffed his repeated attempts to work with the city to come up with a more reasonable alternative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Litigation, from our perspective, is a last resort,” he said, “but given that Oakland has refused to engage with us, we’re forced to move forward with a lawsuit today.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The suit seeks to force Oakland to stop using the new name, destroy all physical and digital materials that display it, and to pay any related damages and fees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"news_11982744","label":"Related Story "},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>In a statement on Thursday, Port of Oakland Attorney Mary Richardson dismissed the notion that the proposed renaming in any way violated SFO’s trademark and said the port would “take all reasonable measures to ensure clarity for travelers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“SFO cannot lay claim to the geographically descriptive term ‘San Francisco,’ let alone claim exclusive rights to the San Francisco Bay,” she said. “The Port trusts that travelers understand that the San Francisco Bay — like virtually every other major metropolitan area throughout the world — can contain more than one airport.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its late March video announcement, Oakland Board of Port Commissioners President Barbara Leslie said increasing the public’s awareness of the airport’s central geographic location in the Bay Area was key to increasing the number of available flights and destinations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve found that over half of frequent international travelers and nearly a third of domestic travelers are unaware of OAK’s amazing location in the heart of Northern California and the San Francisco Bay Area,” she said in the video.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leslie added that the lack of awareness has meant flights haven’t performed as well as they could, leading to a loss of existing routes and a reluctance among airlines to add new routes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Port officials last week also released the results of two surveys asking residents of Oakland and the broader East Bay region to weigh in on the proposed name change. Initially, only a slim majority said they were comfortable with the change. But after the rationale for the change was explained to them, roughly two-thirds of respondents said they approved of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Chiu argued that there are many other ways for Oakland’s airport to reference its geographic location without infringing on SFO’s trademark and confusing countless travelers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Oakland is trying to profit off of the fact that SFO has invested billions of dollars over decades in the reputation of the name San Francisco International Airport, the services at San Francisco International Airport,” he said. “And that’s not fair.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story includes reporting from KQED’s Juan Carlos Lara.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11983384/san-francisco-sues-oakland-over-plan-to-change-airport-name","authors":["1263"],"categories":["news_8","news_1397"],"tags":["news_25200","news_167","news_27626","news_33915","news_2767","news_20517"],"featImg":"news_11983385","label":"news"},"news_11983285":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11983285","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11983285","found":true},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"federal-bureau-of-prisons-challenges-judges-decision-to-delay-inmate-transfers-from-fci-dublin","title":"Federal Bureau of Prisons Challenges Judge’s Order Delaying Inmate Transfers from FCI Dublin","publishDate":1713396565,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Federal Bureau of Prisons Challenges Judge’s Order Delaying Inmate Transfers from FCI Dublin | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>The Federal Bureau of Prisons is pushing back on a judge’s order delaying the mass transfer of hundreds of incarcerated women at FCI Dublin, days after the agency’s director publicly announced it was shutting down the prison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a brief filed Tuesday, government attorneys said the court’s order, as well as the interpretation of that order by the recently appointed special master, have significantly delayed the transfer of women to other facilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The logistical details involved with the mass transfer of all [incarcerated people] at a particular facility cannot be changed on the fly,” the government’s brief reads. “Extensive resources and employee hours have already been invested in the move.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Catch up fast: \u003c/b>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11983151/infamous-womens-prison-plagued-by-sex-abuse-closes\">The federal Bureau of Prisons announced Monday it would close FCI Dublin\u003c/a> after years of staff sexual misconduct allegations, multiple criminal indictments and dozens of lawsuits alleging sexual assault, harassment and retaliation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, BOP Director Colette S. Peters said that the agency had provided tremendous resources to address the culture at FCI Dublin. “Despite these steps and resources, we have determined that FCI Dublin is not meeting expected standards and that the best course of action is to close the facility,” she added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11979936,news_11980960,news_11978878\" label=\"Related Stories\"]Within hours of the announcement, U.S. District Judge Yvonne Gonzalez Rogers issued an order requiring prison officials to update casework for all inmates to ensure they are sent to the correct location — another BOP facility, home confinement or a halfway house, or if they should be granted compassionate release. “The result of these case reviews and transfer designations shall be reviewed with the Special Master prior to transfer,” the order reads. Another document detailing additional guidance to BOP on the transfers was filed under seal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the Tuesday brief, government attorneys wrote that the special master, Wendy Still, had told FCI Dublin’s interim warden, Nancy McKinney, that she interpreted the court’s order as authorizing her to have each incarcerated person medically reviewed by her staff and a BOP doctor before approving the transfer. “These procedures — above what BOP requires — are significantly delaying the transfer process,” attorneys wrote, arguing that the court does not have the authority to decide when inmates in its custody should be transferred.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is beyond question that transfer of inmates falls within the exclusive authority of the BOP, and it is not subject to judicial review,” the brief reads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>How many people have been transferred so far?\u003c/b> It’s unclear. A BOP spokesperson declined to comment beyond Peters’ initial statement on the closure — which said the timing of transfers would not be shared — citing “safety and security reasons.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an interview with KQED on Tuesday, an incarcerated woman described a chaotic scene at the prison as officials attempted to transfer roughly 600 or so people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ashley Castillo said she and other prisoners learned about the closure on Monday morning through news reports. They were subsequently told 100 people would be transferred per day, with the first group of prisoners — including Castillo — leaving that same day. As the women were given a green bag to fill with their belongings, they noticed officers from other BOP facilities had replaced the prison’s usual staff, Castillo said. Some women got on a bus to leave but ultimately returned to the prison, she added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They packed people out and they even dressed them out, and they let them board the bus,” Castillo said. “And then at the end, like around three o’clock, they brought them back. They dressed them out again, gave them their uniforms again, and they said you guys are not going nowhere.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, who Gonzalez Rogers appointed barely a week and a half ago, and is tasked with overseeing a series of reforms at FCI Dublin, was at the prison on Monday and Tuesday communicating with prisoners, according to Castillo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were all going crazy not knowing what was going on. [Still] said, ‘Don’t worry, I’m talking to the judge right now, and I’m trying to put a stop to it because you guys are not medically cleared to go anywhere,’” Castillo recalled, adding that the uncertainty of the announcement had created confusion and distress among women at the prison who were frantically trying to get ahold of their families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>The latest: \u003c/b>Two hearings were held this morning that were closed to the public. Shortly after, Gonzalez Rogers issued another order, under seal, with further guidance on the transfers. Attorneys representing women in the class-action lawsuit did not respond to a request for comment on hearings held this morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Castillo’s attorney, Alana McMains, told KQED she received emails from both of her clients at FCI Dublin saying they expected to be transferred on Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have no idea if they actually got a chance to meet the special master and inquire about compassionate release,” McMains said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>How did we get here?: \u003c/b>In March, FBI agents raided FCI Dublin. BOP announced it was replacing core members of the prison’s leadership staff hours later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">Several days later, Gonzalez Rogers ordered the appointment of a special master, an independent third party, to oversee immediate changes at the facility.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">Still, the former chief probation officer for Alameda and San Francisco counties was appointed special master on April 5. Still and her staff were given full access to the prison and its records.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">According to an attorney representing incarcerated women in a class action lawsuit, Still was at FCI Dublin the following April 8 and at least one other time that week.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">On April 15, BOP announced it was closing FCI Dublin.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>What’s next: \u003c/b>On Thursday, Darrell Wayne Smith, the last FCI Dublin officer facing criminal charges for alleged sex abuse, is scheduled for a status conference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smith was arrested in May 2023 and charged with five counts of sexual abuse of a prisoner, six counts of abusive sexual contact and one count of aggravated sexual abuse. An indictment describes 12 incidents between May 2019 and May 2021, during which Smith allegedly had sexual contact with three women incarcerated at the prison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this month, Smith’s attorneys filed a motion to withdraw themselves from his case, saying that his financial circumstances had significantly changed and that he could no longer afford private counsel.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The Federal Bureau of Prisons is pushing back on a judge’s order delaying the mass transfer of hundreds of incarcerated women at FCI Dublin, days after the agency’s director publicly announced it was shutting down the prison. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1713398589,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":23,"wordCount":1105},"headData":{"title":"Federal Bureau of Prisons Challenges Judge’s Order Delaying Inmate Transfers from FCI Dublin | KQED","description":"The Federal Bureau of Prisons is pushing back on a judge’s order delaying the mass transfer of hundreds of incarcerated women at FCI Dublin, days after the agency’s director publicly announced it was shutting down the prison. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Federal Bureau of Prisons Challenges Judge’s Order Delaying Inmate Transfers from FCI Dublin","datePublished":"2024-04-17T23:29:25.000Z","dateModified":"2024-04-18T00:03:09.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11983285/federal-bureau-of-prisons-challenges-judges-decision-to-delay-inmate-transfers-from-fci-dublin","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Federal Bureau of Prisons is pushing back on a judge’s order delaying the mass transfer of hundreds of incarcerated women at FCI Dublin, days after the agency’s director publicly announced it was shutting down the prison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a brief filed Tuesday, government attorneys said the court’s order, as well as the interpretation of that order by the recently appointed special master, have significantly delayed the transfer of women to other facilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The logistical details involved with the mass transfer of all [incarcerated people] at a particular facility cannot be changed on the fly,” the government’s brief reads. “Extensive resources and employee hours have already been invested in the move.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Catch up fast: \u003c/b>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11983151/infamous-womens-prison-plagued-by-sex-abuse-closes\">The federal Bureau of Prisons announced Monday it would close FCI Dublin\u003c/a> after years of staff sexual misconduct allegations, multiple criminal indictments and dozens of lawsuits alleging sexual assault, harassment and retaliation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, BOP Director Colette S. Peters said that the agency had provided tremendous resources to address the culture at FCI Dublin. “Despite these steps and resources, we have determined that FCI Dublin is not meeting expected standards and that the best course of action is to close the facility,” she added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"news_11979936,news_11980960,news_11978878","label":"Related Stories "},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Within hours of the announcement, U.S. District Judge Yvonne Gonzalez Rogers issued an order requiring prison officials to update casework for all inmates to ensure they are sent to the correct location — another BOP facility, home confinement or a halfway house, or if they should be granted compassionate release. “The result of these case reviews and transfer designations shall be reviewed with the Special Master prior to transfer,” the order reads. Another document detailing additional guidance to BOP on the transfers was filed under seal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the Tuesday brief, government attorneys wrote that the special master, Wendy Still, had told FCI Dublin’s interim warden, Nancy McKinney, that she interpreted the court’s order as authorizing her to have each incarcerated person medically reviewed by her staff and a BOP doctor before approving the transfer. “These procedures — above what BOP requires — are significantly delaying the transfer process,” attorneys wrote, arguing that the court does not have the authority to decide when inmates in its custody should be transferred.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is beyond question that transfer of inmates falls within the exclusive authority of the BOP, and it is not subject to judicial review,” the brief reads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>How many people have been transferred so far?\u003c/b> It’s unclear. A BOP spokesperson declined to comment beyond Peters’ initial statement on the closure — which said the timing of transfers would not be shared — citing “safety and security reasons.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an interview with KQED on Tuesday, an incarcerated woman described a chaotic scene at the prison as officials attempted to transfer roughly 600 or so people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ashley Castillo said she and other prisoners learned about the closure on Monday morning through news reports. They were subsequently told 100 people would be transferred per day, with the first group of prisoners — including Castillo — leaving that same day. As the women were given a green bag to fill with their belongings, they noticed officers from other BOP facilities had replaced the prison’s usual staff, Castillo said. Some women got on a bus to leave but ultimately returned to the prison, she added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They packed people out and they even dressed them out, and they let them board the bus,” Castillo said. “And then at the end, like around three o’clock, they brought them back. They dressed them out again, gave them their uniforms again, and they said you guys are not going nowhere.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, who Gonzalez Rogers appointed barely a week and a half ago, and is tasked with overseeing a series of reforms at FCI Dublin, was at the prison on Monday and Tuesday communicating with prisoners, according to Castillo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were all going crazy not knowing what was going on. [Still] said, ‘Don’t worry, I’m talking to the judge right now, and I’m trying to put a stop to it because you guys are not medically cleared to go anywhere,’” Castillo recalled, adding that the uncertainty of the announcement had created confusion and distress among women at the prison who were frantically trying to get ahold of their families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>The latest: \u003c/b>Two hearings were held this morning that were closed to the public. Shortly after, Gonzalez Rogers issued another order, under seal, with further guidance on the transfers. Attorneys representing women in the class-action lawsuit did not respond to a request for comment on hearings held this morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Castillo’s attorney, Alana McMains, told KQED she received emails from both of her clients at FCI Dublin saying they expected to be transferred on Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have no idea if they actually got a chance to meet the special master and inquire about compassionate release,” McMains said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>How did we get here?: \u003c/b>In March, FBI agents raided FCI Dublin. BOP announced it was replacing core members of the prison’s leadership staff hours later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">Several days later, Gonzalez Rogers ordered the appointment of a special master, an independent third party, to oversee immediate changes at the facility.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">Still, the former chief probation officer for Alameda and San Francisco counties was appointed special master on April 5. Still and her staff were given full access to the prison and its records.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">According to an attorney representing incarcerated women in a class action lawsuit, Still was at FCI Dublin the following April 8 and at least one other time that week.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">On April 15, BOP announced it was closing FCI Dublin.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>What’s next: \u003c/b>On Thursday, Darrell Wayne Smith, the last FCI Dublin officer facing criminal charges for alleged sex abuse, is scheduled for a status conference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smith was arrested in May 2023 and charged with five counts of sexual abuse of a prisoner, six counts of abusive sexual contact and one count of aggravated sexual abuse. An indictment describes 12 incidents between May 2019 and May 2021, during which Smith allegedly had sexual contact with three women incarcerated at the prison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this month, Smith’s attorneys filed a motion to withdraw themselves from his case, saying that his financial circumstances had significantly changed and that he could no longer afford private counsel.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11983285/federal-bureau-of-prisons-challenges-judges-decision-to-delay-inmate-transfers-from-fci-dublin","authors":["11490"],"categories":["news_8"],"tags":["news_32222","news_27626","news_33888"],"featImg":"news_11983294","label":"news"},"news_11983180":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11983180","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11983180","found":true},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"democrats-kill-california-homeless-camp-ban-again","title":"Democrats Again Vote Down California Ban on Unhoused Encampments","publishDate":1713351657,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Democrats Again Vote Down California Ban on Unhoused Encampments | KQED","labelTerm":{"term":18481,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>For the second year in a row, Democrats voted down a bill on Tuesday that sought to ban homeless encampments near schools, transit stops and other areas throughout California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though cities up and down the state are grappling with a proliferation of homeless camps, legislators said they oppose penalizing down-and-out residents who sleep on public property.[aside postID=news_11983000 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/GettyImages-623874284_qut-1020x705.jpg']“Just because individuals that are unhoused make people uncomfortable does not mean that it should be criminalized. And this bill does that,” said Sen. \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/legislators/aisha-wahab-165437\">Aisha Wahab\u003c/a>, a Democrat from Fremont and chairperson of the Senate Public Safety Committee. “The penalties will just be added to their already difficult situation of paying for things.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/bills/ca_202320240sb1011?slug=CA_202320240SB1011&_gl=1*12wezuh*_ga*Nzc5MjE5NDU2LjE2ODQ1MTA1NDg.*_ga_5TKXNLE5NK*MTcxMzI5MTE2MC4zNTAuMS4xNzEzMjk2OTk3LjYwLjAuMA..*_ga_GNY4L81DZE*MTcxMzI5MTE2MC4yOTYuMS4xNzEzMjk1NjgwLjAuMC4w\">Senate Bill 1011\u003c/a> stumbled in its first committee hearing, stalling in the Public Safety Committee on a 1–3 vote. The measure by Senate GOP leader \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/legislator-tracker/brian-jones-1968/?utm_source=CalMatters%20Newsletters&utm_campaign=5df65efca8-WHATMATTERS&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_faa7be558d-5df65efca8-151973523&mc_cid=5df65efca8&mc_eid=df84c5373c\">Brian Jones\u003c/a> and Democratic Sen. \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/legislators/catherine-blakespear-21275\">Catherine Blakespear\u003c/a>, both of the San Diego area, would have made camping within 500 feet of a school, open space or major transit stop a misdemeanor or infraction. It also would have banned camping on public sidewalks if beds were available in local homeless shelters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m disappointed in the closed-minded opposition from the majority party members of the Senate Public Safety Committee to new approaches and their knee-jerk support of just throwing more money at the problem with no real plan,” Jones said in a statement. “Today’s continued rejection of real solutions during this health and safety crisis is immoral and irresponsible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After today’s defeat, Jones will continue speaking with committee members to see if there is any way to negotiate a path forward for his bill, spokesperson Nina Krishel said in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sen. \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/legislators/nancy-skinner-34364\">Nancy Skinner\u003c/a>, a Democrat from Oakland, said while she appreciates that Californians don’t want to see encampments, she couldn’t support the bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s kind of like trying to make a problem invisible versus addressing the core of the problem,” said Skinner, who joined Wahab and Sen. \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/legislators/scott-wiener-100936\">Scott Wiener\u003c/a>, a Democrat from San Francisco, in voting “no.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than three dozen people voiced their opposition to the bill during today’s hearing, speaking on behalf of organizations such as the Ella Baker Center for Human Rights and the American Civil Liberties Union California Action.[aside postID=news_11982817 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240410-HMB-Farmworkers-TH-01-KQED-1020x680.jpg']The bill’s supporters, who numbered far fewer, included the mayor of Vista and a representative from the city of Carlsbad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lone “yes” vote came from the committee’s only Republican, Sen. \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/legislators/kelly-seyarto-165446\">Kelly Seyarto\u003c/a> of Murrieta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We had a slew of people that came forward to tell us about what we shouldn’t be doing,” he said. “But what the hell should we be doing? Because right now, we’re not doing anything.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sen. \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/legislators/steven-bradford-100945\">Steven Bradford\u003c/a>, a Democrat from Inglewood, abstained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wahab granted reconsideration, which means the committee could hear the bill again later this session. But last year, a nearly identical bill \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/newsletters/whatmatters/2023/03/california-homeless-encampments/\">met the same fate\u003c/a>. SB 31, also introduced by Jones, died in the Senate Public Safety Committee with one “yes” vote, one “no” vote and three abstentions. It also received reconsideration but was never revived.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year’s version of the encampment ban had more going for it. Jones found a Democratic co-author and narrowed the bill’s scope. Instead of banning people from camping within 1,000 feet of schools and other locations, the new bill would have banned people from camping within 500 feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jones also was leaning heavily on a new camping ban in San Diego, upon which he said he modeled his bill. The San Diego ordinance, which took effect at the end of July 2023, bans camps near schools, shelters and transit hubs, in parks, and — if shelter beds are available — on public sidewalks. Jones called the ordinance a “success,” a sentiment echoed by San Diego Mayor Todd Gloria.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/housing/homelessness/2024/04/homeless-encampment-ban/\">CalMatters investigation\u003c/a> paints a more complicated picture. While encampments have drastically decreased in some areas, such as downtown and around certain schools, they are still just as prevalent — in some cases much more so — along the city’s freeways and the banks of its river. Opponents of the ordinance say it displaces people instead of housing them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Jones’ bill failed to copy a key piece of San Diego’s approach. When the city started enforcing its encampment ban, it also opened two massive “safe sleeping” sites where about 500 people camp on vacant lots in tents purchased by the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jones’ bill would not have forced cities to set up accommodations for people displaced from encampments because, he said, there’s no state funding for that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A bill to ban unhoused encampments statewide near parks, schools and transit hubs failed to get out of the same legislative committee as last year.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1713314219,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":19,"wordCount":871},"headData":{"title":"Democrats Again Vote Down California Ban on Unhoused Encampments | KQED","description":"A bill to ban unhoused encampments statewide near parks, schools and transit hubs failed to get out of the same legislative committee as last year.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Democrats Again Vote Down California Ban on Unhoused Encampments","datePublished":"2024-04-17T11:00:57.000Z","dateModified":"2024-04-17T00:36:59.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"sticky":false,"nprByline":"Marisa Kendall, CalMatters","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11983180/democrats-kill-california-homeless-camp-ban-again","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>For the second year in a row, Democrats voted down a bill on Tuesday that sought to ban homeless encampments near schools, transit stops and other areas throughout California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though cities up and down the state are grappling with a proliferation of homeless camps, legislators said they oppose penalizing down-and-out residents who sleep on public property.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"news_11983000","hero":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/GettyImages-623874284_qut-1020x705.jpg","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“Just because individuals that are unhoused make people uncomfortable does not mean that it should be criminalized. And this bill does that,” said Sen. \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/legislators/aisha-wahab-165437\">Aisha Wahab\u003c/a>, a Democrat from Fremont and chairperson of the Senate Public Safety Committee. “The penalties will just be added to their already difficult situation of paying for things.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/bills/ca_202320240sb1011?slug=CA_202320240SB1011&_gl=1*12wezuh*_ga*Nzc5MjE5NDU2LjE2ODQ1MTA1NDg.*_ga_5TKXNLE5NK*MTcxMzI5MTE2MC4zNTAuMS4xNzEzMjk2OTk3LjYwLjAuMA..*_ga_GNY4L81DZE*MTcxMzI5MTE2MC4yOTYuMS4xNzEzMjk1NjgwLjAuMC4w\">Senate Bill 1011\u003c/a> stumbled in its first committee hearing, stalling in the Public Safety Committee on a 1–3 vote. The measure by Senate GOP leader \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/legislator-tracker/brian-jones-1968/?utm_source=CalMatters%20Newsletters&utm_campaign=5df65efca8-WHATMATTERS&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_faa7be558d-5df65efca8-151973523&mc_cid=5df65efca8&mc_eid=df84c5373c\">Brian Jones\u003c/a> and Democratic Sen. \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/legislators/catherine-blakespear-21275\">Catherine Blakespear\u003c/a>, both of the San Diego area, would have made camping within 500 feet of a school, open space or major transit stop a misdemeanor or infraction. It also would have banned camping on public sidewalks if beds were available in local homeless shelters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m disappointed in the closed-minded opposition from the majority party members of the Senate Public Safety Committee to new approaches and their knee-jerk support of just throwing more money at the problem with no real plan,” Jones said in a statement. “Today’s continued rejection of real solutions during this health and safety crisis is immoral and irresponsible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After today’s defeat, Jones will continue speaking with committee members to see if there is any way to negotiate a path forward for his bill, spokesperson Nina Krishel said in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sen. \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/legislators/nancy-skinner-34364\">Nancy Skinner\u003c/a>, a Democrat from Oakland, said while she appreciates that Californians don’t want to see encampments, she couldn’t support the bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s kind of like trying to make a problem invisible versus addressing the core of the problem,” said Skinner, who joined Wahab and Sen. \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/legislators/scott-wiener-100936\">Scott Wiener\u003c/a>, a Democrat from San Francisco, in voting “no.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than three dozen people voiced their opposition to the bill during today’s hearing, speaking on behalf of organizations such as the Ella Baker Center for Human Rights and the American Civil Liberties Union California Action.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"news_11982817","hero":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240410-HMB-Farmworkers-TH-01-KQED-1020x680.jpg","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The bill’s supporters, who numbered far fewer, included the mayor of Vista and a representative from the city of Carlsbad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lone “yes” vote came from the committee’s only Republican, Sen. \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/legislators/kelly-seyarto-165446\">Kelly Seyarto\u003c/a> of Murrieta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We had a slew of people that came forward to tell us about what we shouldn’t be doing,” he said. “But what the hell should we be doing? Because right now, we’re not doing anything.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sen. \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/legislators/steven-bradford-100945\">Steven Bradford\u003c/a>, a Democrat from Inglewood, abstained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wahab granted reconsideration, which means the committee could hear the bill again later this session. But last year, a nearly identical bill \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/newsletters/whatmatters/2023/03/california-homeless-encampments/\">met the same fate\u003c/a>. SB 31, also introduced by Jones, died in the Senate Public Safety Committee with one “yes” vote, one “no” vote and three abstentions. It also received reconsideration but was never revived.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year’s version of the encampment ban had more going for it. Jones found a Democratic co-author and narrowed the bill’s scope. Instead of banning people from camping within 1,000 feet of schools and other locations, the new bill would have banned people from camping within 500 feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jones also was leaning heavily on a new camping ban in San Diego, upon which he said he modeled his bill. The San Diego ordinance, which took effect at the end of July 2023, bans camps near schools, shelters and transit hubs, in parks, and — if shelter beds are available — on public sidewalks. Jones called the ordinance a “success,” a sentiment echoed by San Diego Mayor Todd Gloria.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/housing/homelessness/2024/04/homeless-encampment-ban/\">CalMatters investigation\u003c/a> paints a more complicated picture. While encampments have drastically decreased in some areas, such as downtown and around certain schools, they are still just as prevalent — in some cases much more so — along the city’s freeways and the banks of its river. Opponents of the ordinance say it displaces people instead of housing them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Jones’ bill failed to copy a key piece of San Diego’s approach. When the city started enforcing its encampment ban, it also opened two massive “safe sleeping” sites where about 500 people camp on vacant lots in tents purchased by the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jones’ bill would not have forced cities to set up accommodations for people displaced from encampments because, he said, there’s no state funding for that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11983180/democrats-kill-california-homeless-camp-ban-again","authors":["byline_news_11983180"],"categories":["news_6266","news_8"],"tags":["news_18538","news_22307","news_33966","news_27626","news_21214","news_4020","news_1775"],"affiliates":["news_18481"],"featImg":"news_11983184","label":"news_18481"},"forum_2010101905427":{"type":"posts","id":"forum_2010101905427","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"forum","id":"2010101905427","found":true},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"first-trump-criminal-trial-underway-in-new-york","title":"First Trump Criminal Trial Underway in New York","publishDate":1713393277,"format":"audio","headTitle":"First Trump Criminal Trial Underway in New York | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"forum"},"content":"\u003cp>Opening arguments could take place as soon as next week in Donald Trump’s criminal trial in Manhattan, where he stands accused of covering up hush money payments he made to adult film actor Stormy Daniels. The trial, which is expected to last for more than a month, is one of four criminal prosecutions the former president faces. Delay has beset some of those cases, as courts consider a host of pre-trial motions and interim appeals filed by Trump’s defense team. We’ll take stock of where the criminal cases against the former president stand and their impact on November’s election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1713468047,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":3,"wordCount":110},"headData":{"title":"First Trump Criminal Trial Underway in New York | KQED","description":"Opening arguments could take place as soon as next week in Donald Trump’s criminal trial in Manhattan, where he stands accused of covering up hush money payments he made to adult film actor Stormy Daniels. The trial, which is expected to last for more than a month, is one of four criminal prosecutions the former president faces. Delay has beset some of those cases, as courts consider a host of pre-trial motions and interim appeals filed by Trump’s defense team. We’ll take stock of where the criminal cases against the former president stand and their impact on November’s election.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"First Trump Criminal Trial Underway in New York","datePublished":"2024-04-17T22:34:37.000Z","dateModified":"2024-04-18T19:20:47.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"audioUrl":"https://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3/pdst.fm/e/chrt.fm/track/G6C7C3/traffic.megaphone.fm/KQINC8922365557.mp3?updated=1713468227","airdate":1713459600,"forumGuests":[{"name":"Alan Feuer","bio":"reporter covering extremism and political violence, New York Times\u003cbr />\r\n"}],"sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/forum/2010101905427/first-trump-criminal-trial-underway-in-new-york","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Opening arguments could take place as soon as next week in Donald Trump’s criminal trial in Manhattan, where he stands accused of covering up hush money payments he made to adult film actor Stormy Daniels. The trial, which is expected to last for more than a month, is one of four criminal prosecutions the former president faces. Delay has beset some of those cases, as courts consider a host of pre-trial motions and interim appeals filed by Trump’s defense team. We’ll take stock of where the criminal cases against the former president stand and their impact on November’s election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/forum/2010101905427/first-trump-criminal-trial-underway-in-new-york","authors":["243"],"categories":["forum_165"],"featImg":"forum_2010101905434","label":"forum"},"news_11983439":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11983439","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11983439","found":true},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"alameda-county-da-files-manslaughter-charges-against-police-officers-in-mario-gonzalezs-death","title":"Alameda County DA Charges 3 Police Officers With Manslaughter in Death of Mario Gonzalez","publishDate":1713497857,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Alameda County DA Charges 3 Police Officers With Manslaughter in Death of Mario Gonzalez | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 12 p.m. Friday\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alameda County District Attorney Pamela Price on Thursday announced her office had filed involuntary manslaughter charges against three Alameda police officers involved in the 2021 death of Mario Gonzalez, a young, unarmed man who stopped breathing after they pinned him face-down to the ground in a city park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Price’s move to file felony charges against the officers — Eric McKinley, James Fisher and Cameron Leahy — reverses the decision of her predecessor, \u003ca class=\"\" href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11910601/no-criminal-charges-against-alameda-officers-in-death-of-mario-gonzalez\" data-link=\"native\">who in 2022 declined to charge them after finding no evidence of wrongdoing.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Gonzalez case was one of the highest-profile of \u003ca class=\"\" href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/eastbay/article/alameda-county-d-a-reopening-investigations-for-17754790.php\" data-link=\"native\">eight police shootings or in-custody deaths\u003c/a> that Price, a former civil rights attorney, reopened shortly after taking office last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a Thursday press conference, Price said she had been “walled off” from this particular case and that her office’s Public Accountability Unit had independently made the charging decision. Price created that unit after taking office to review officer misconduct cases like this one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is important that we have a Public Accountability Unit, that we hold people accountable when there is harm, and that we don’t have a double standard,” said Price, who is also now facing \u003ca class=\"\" href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/pamela-price-alameda-county-da-face-recall-vote-19404771.php\" data-link=\"native\">a recall election\u003c/a>. “We won’t be able to administer justice if the community doesn’t trust that the system is going to work for everybody on an equal basis.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re trying to rebuild trust in a system that has not always been fair to folks, particularly in Alameda County,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Thursday’s press conference, Price declined to say if any new evidence had been introduced that may have influenced the decision to charge the officers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All three officers continued to work in law enforcement as of Thursday. Leahy and McKinley are still at the Alameda Police Department, and Fisher is a Contra Costa County sheriff’s deputy, \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/crime/article/da-pam-price-criminally-charge-cops-mario-19410829.php\">the \u003cem>San Francisco Chronicle\u003c/em> reported\u003c/a>.[aside label=\"related coverage\" tag=\"mario-gonzalez\"]If convicted, they could face up to four years in state prison, Price’s office said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The charges were filed just before the criminal statute of limitations expired.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alison Berry Wilkinson, an attorney who represented the three officers during previous investigations, blasted the decision, calling it a blatant act of “political prosecution.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The District Attorney waited until the 11th hour before the statute of limitations was set to expire to bring these charges just days after it was confirmed she would face recall,” she said in an email statement. “There is no new evidence.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wilkinson defended the officers’ actions while taking Gonzalez into custody as “reasonable, necessary, and lawful” and attributed his death to “drug toxicity, not criminal misconduct.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are confident a jury will see through this charade and exonerate the officers, just as the two prior independent investigations did,” she added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oakland civil rights attorney Michael Haddad praised the decision to file charges. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These charges are long overdue. They’re not excessive,” Haddad told KQED on Friday. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re very appropriate and in fact obvious in this situation. I think that from our work in the civil case, we basically gave the district attorney this case tied up in a bow, just from the records we filed in open court. And it’s really clear that a jury should decide whether these officers are criminally responsible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gonzalez, a 26-year-old man from Oakland, was confronted by three police officers in a small Alameda park on the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11871345/city-of-alameda-releases-police-body-cam-footage-of-mario-gonzalez-death\">morning of April 19, 2021\u003c/a>, after several neighbors called 911 reporting a man behaving erratically.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As captured in the nearly \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OBJnToNolHw\">hour-long police body camera video\u003c/a>, the interaction began calmly but quickly escalated after the officers made repeated, unsuccessful attempts to obtain Gonzalez’s full name and ID. They then grabbed him without ever accusing him of a crime or placing him under arrest. When Gonzalez resisted, the officers took him to the ground, pinning him on his stomach, with at least one of them pressing an elbow and knee into his back and shoulder as he struggled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The officers continued to hold Gonzalez in a prone position, his hands restrained behind his back, for roughly five minutes, at which point he went limp and appeared to stop breathing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After officers performed CPR and administered at least two doses of Narcan, a drug used to counteract opiate overdoses, paramedics rushed Gonzalez to Alameda Hospital, where he was pronounced dead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The incident sparked fierce local protests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 2022 review of the case by then-DA Nancy O’Malley’s office found the officers acted reasonably out of concern that Gonzalez might pose a threat to them, himself and others. O’Malley’s office said the officers had tried to “deescalate” the situation by using “necessary” force but never struck Gonzalez or used any illicit chokeholds or weapons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An autopsy \u003ca href=\"https://www.alamedaca.gov/files/assets/public/alameda-pio/gonzalez-mario-coroners-investigation.pdf\">performed by the Alameda County coroner (PDF)\u003c/a>, and released nearly eight months after the incident, classified Gonzalez’s death as a homicide, but identified the “toxic effects of methamphetamine” as the leading cause of his fatal cardiac arrest. A \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/Second-autopsy-finds-Mario-Gonzalez-died-of-17131892.php\">subsequent independent autopsy\u003c/a>, requested by attorneys representing Gonzalez’s family, classified the death as a homicide, attributing it to “restraint asphyxiation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Robert Weisberg, law professor and co-director of Stanford University’s Criminal Justice Center, told KQED on Friday it would be a potentially close case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These would be difficult jury questions,” Weisberg said. “First if the restraint even played a significant causal role in his death, and second of course whether the officers displayed gross negligence or recklessness in supplying that excessive pressure.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I can imagine a judge saying ‘Yes, I think there’s sufficient evidence,’ from which a jury could conclude that there’s a basis for an involuntary manslaughter charge. But it’s very tough to say whether a jury would come to that conclusion.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last December, the city of Alameda agreed \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11970180/attorney-for-family-of-mario-gonzalez-calls-11-million-settlement-a-historic-amount\">to pay $11 million to Gonzalez’s 7-year-old son\u003c/a> and $350,000 to his mother to settle a civil rights suit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story includes reporting from KQED’s Alex Emslie.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The move by District Attorney Pamela Price's office to file felony involuntary manslaughter charges against the officers reverses the decision of her predecessor, who in 2022 declined to charge them after finding no evidence of wrongdoing.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1713553983,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":31,"wordCount":1081},"headData":{"title":"Alameda County DA Charges 3 Police Officers With Manslaughter in Death of Mario Gonzalez | KQED","description":"The move by District Attorney Pamela Price's office to file felony involuntary manslaughter charges against the officers reverses the decision of her predecessor, who in 2022 declined to charge them after finding no evidence of wrongdoing.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Alameda County DA Charges 3 Police Officers With Manslaughter in Death of Mario Gonzalez","datePublished":"2024-04-19T03:37:37.000Z","dateModified":"2024-04-19T19:13:03.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11983439/alameda-county-da-files-manslaughter-charges-against-police-officers-in-mario-gonzalezs-death","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 12 p.m. Friday\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alameda County District Attorney Pamela Price on Thursday announced her office had filed involuntary manslaughter charges against three Alameda police officers involved in the 2021 death of Mario Gonzalez, a young, unarmed man who stopped breathing after they pinned him face-down to the ground in a city park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Price’s move to file felony charges against the officers — Eric McKinley, James Fisher and Cameron Leahy — reverses the decision of her predecessor, \u003ca class=\"\" href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11910601/no-criminal-charges-against-alameda-officers-in-death-of-mario-gonzalez\" data-link=\"native\">who in 2022 declined to charge them after finding no evidence of wrongdoing.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Gonzalez case was one of the highest-profile of \u003ca class=\"\" href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/eastbay/article/alameda-county-d-a-reopening-investigations-for-17754790.php\" data-link=\"native\">eight police shootings or in-custody deaths\u003c/a> that Price, a former civil rights attorney, reopened shortly after taking office last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a Thursday press conference, Price said she had been “walled off” from this particular case and that her office’s Public Accountability Unit had independently made the charging decision. Price created that unit after taking office to review officer misconduct cases like this one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is important that we have a Public Accountability Unit, that we hold people accountable when there is harm, and that we don’t have a double standard,” said Price, who is also now facing \u003ca class=\"\" href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/pamela-price-alameda-county-da-face-recall-vote-19404771.php\" data-link=\"native\">a recall election\u003c/a>. “We won’t be able to administer justice if the community doesn’t trust that the system is going to work for everybody on an equal basis.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re trying to rebuild trust in a system that has not always been fair to folks, particularly in Alameda County,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Thursday’s press conference, Price declined to say if any new evidence had been introduced that may have influenced the decision to charge the officers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All three officers continued to work in law enforcement as of Thursday. Leahy and McKinley are still at the Alameda Police Department, and Fisher is a Contra Costa County sheriff’s deputy, \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/crime/article/da-pam-price-criminally-charge-cops-mario-19410829.php\">the \u003cem>San Francisco Chronicle\u003c/em> reported\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"related coverage ","tag":"mario-gonzalez"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>If convicted, they could face up to four years in state prison, Price’s office said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The charges were filed just before the criminal statute of limitations expired.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alison Berry Wilkinson, an attorney who represented the three officers during previous investigations, blasted the decision, calling it a blatant act of “political prosecution.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The District Attorney waited until the 11th hour before the statute of limitations was set to expire to bring these charges just days after it was confirmed she would face recall,” she said in an email statement. “There is no new evidence.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wilkinson defended the officers’ actions while taking Gonzalez into custody as “reasonable, necessary, and lawful” and attributed his death to “drug toxicity, not criminal misconduct.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are confident a jury will see through this charade and exonerate the officers, just as the two prior independent investigations did,” she added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oakland civil rights attorney Michael Haddad praised the decision to file charges. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These charges are long overdue. They’re not excessive,” Haddad told KQED on Friday. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re very appropriate and in fact obvious in this situation. I think that from our work in the civil case, we basically gave the district attorney this case tied up in a bow, just from the records we filed in open court. And it’s really clear that a jury should decide whether these officers are criminally responsible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gonzalez, a 26-year-old man from Oakland, was confronted by three police officers in a small Alameda park on the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11871345/city-of-alameda-releases-police-body-cam-footage-of-mario-gonzalez-death\">morning of April 19, 2021\u003c/a>, after several neighbors called 911 reporting a man behaving erratically.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As captured in the nearly \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OBJnToNolHw\">hour-long police body camera video\u003c/a>, the interaction began calmly but quickly escalated after the officers made repeated, unsuccessful attempts to obtain Gonzalez’s full name and ID. They then grabbed him without ever accusing him of a crime or placing him under arrest. When Gonzalez resisted, the officers took him to the ground, pinning him on his stomach, with at least one of them pressing an elbow and knee into his back and shoulder as he struggled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The officers continued to hold Gonzalez in a prone position, his hands restrained behind his back, for roughly five minutes, at which point he went limp and appeared to stop breathing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After officers performed CPR and administered at least two doses of Narcan, a drug used to counteract opiate overdoses, paramedics rushed Gonzalez to Alameda Hospital, where he was pronounced dead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The incident sparked fierce local protests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 2022 review of the case by then-DA Nancy O’Malley’s office found the officers acted reasonably out of concern that Gonzalez might pose a threat to them, himself and others. O’Malley’s office said the officers had tried to “deescalate” the situation by using “necessary” force but never struck Gonzalez or used any illicit chokeholds or weapons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An autopsy \u003ca href=\"https://www.alamedaca.gov/files/assets/public/alameda-pio/gonzalez-mario-coroners-investigation.pdf\">performed by the Alameda County coroner (PDF)\u003c/a>, and released nearly eight months after the incident, classified Gonzalez’s death as a homicide, but identified the “toxic effects of methamphetamine” as the leading cause of his fatal cardiac arrest. A \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/Second-autopsy-finds-Mario-Gonzalez-died-of-17131892.php\">subsequent independent autopsy\u003c/a>, requested by attorneys representing Gonzalez’s family, classified the death as a homicide, attributing it to “restraint asphyxiation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Robert Weisberg, law professor and co-director of Stanford University’s Criminal Justice Center, told KQED on Friday it would be a potentially close case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These would be difficult jury questions,” Weisberg said. “First if the restraint even played a significant causal role in his death, and second of course whether the officers displayed gross negligence or recklessness in supplying that excessive pressure.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I can imagine a judge saying ‘Yes, I think there’s sufficient evidence,’ from which a jury could conclude that there’s a basis for an involuntary manslaughter charge. But it’s very tough to say whether a jury would come to that conclusion.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last December, the city of Alameda agreed \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11970180/attorney-for-family-of-mario-gonzalez-calls-11-million-settlement-a-historic-amount\">to pay $11 million to Gonzalez’s 7-year-old son\u003c/a> and $350,000 to his mother to settle a civil rights suit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story includes reporting from KQED’s Alex Emslie.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11983439/alameda-county-da-files-manslaughter-charges-against-police-officers-in-mario-gonzalezs-death","authors":["1263"],"categories":["news_8"],"tags":["news_23318","news_29448","news_17725","news_27626","news_29381"],"featImg":"news_11872820","label":"news"},"forum_2010101905441":{"type":"posts","id":"forum_2010101905441","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"forum","id":"2010101905441","found":true},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"death-doula-alua-arthur-on-how-and-why-to-prepare-for-the-end","title":"Death Doula Alua Arthur on How and Why to Prepare for the End","publishDate":1713474304,"format":"audio","headTitle":"Death Doula Alua Arthur on How and Why to Prepare for the End | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"forum"},"content":"\u003cp>Alua Arthur is a death doula — someone who helps people prepare logistically, mentally and emotionally for the end of life. There are practical considerations, like memorial planning and medical directives. And then there’s the act of thinking how we’d ideally want to die — outdoors or indoors, surrounded by loved ones, arguments resolved — that shows what’s most important to us and can help us live in alignment with those priorities. Arthur’s new memoir, “Briefly Perfectly Human,” is an account of the relationships she formed with her dying clients and the reflections they shared with her — including regrets in romance and work, their vulnerabilities in a failing body and what brought them authentic joy. We’ll talk to Arthur about how to ease our transitions to death and hear how tending to the dying has shaped her own life and outlook.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"We'll talk to Arthur about how to ease our transitions to death and hear how tending to the dying has shaped her own life and outlook.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1713555445,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":3,"wordCount":156},"headData":{"title":"Death Doula Alua Arthur on How and Why to Prepare for the End | KQED","description":"We'll talk to Arthur about how to ease our transitions to death and hear how tending to the dying has shaped her own life and outlook.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Death Doula Alua Arthur on How and Why to Prepare for the End","datePublished":"2024-04-18T21:05:04.000Z","dateModified":"2024-04-19T19:37:25.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"audioUrl":"https://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3/pdst.fm/e/chrt.fm/track/G6C7C3/traffic.megaphone.fm/KQINC6185751653.mp3?updated=1713555657","airdate":1713546000,"forumGuests":[{"name":"Alua Arthur","bio":"death doula, attorney, and adjunct professor; author, “Briefly Perfectly Human: Making an Authentic Life by Getting Real About the End\"; founder, Going with Grace — a death doula training and end-of-life planning organization"}],"sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/forum/2010101905441/death-doula-alua-arthur-on-how-and-why-to-prepare-for-the-end","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Alua Arthur is a death doula — someone who helps people prepare logistically, mentally and emotionally for the end of life. There are practical considerations, like memorial planning and medical directives. And then there’s the act of thinking how we’d ideally want to die — outdoors or indoors, surrounded by loved ones, arguments resolved — that shows what’s most important to us and can help us live in alignment with those priorities. Arthur’s new memoir, “Briefly Perfectly Human,” is an account of the relationships she formed with her dying clients and the reflections they shared with her — including regrets in romance and work, their vulnerabilities in a failing body and what brought them authentic joy. We’ll talk to Arthur about how to ease our transitions to death and hear how tending to the dying has shaped her own life and outlook.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/forum/2010101905441/death-doula-alua-arthur-on-how-and-why-to-prepare-for-the-end","authors":["243"],"categories":["forum_165"],"featImg":"forum_2010101905444","label":"forum"},"news_11983323":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11983323","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11983323","found":true},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"despite-progress-black-californians-still-face-major-challenges-in-closing-equality-gap","title":"Despite Progress, Black Californians Still Face Major Challenges In Closing Equality Gap","publishDate":1713450378,"format":"audio","headTitle":"Despite Progress, Black Californians Still Face Major Challenges In Closing Equality Gap | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Study Looks At Quality Of Life Improvements, Challenges Facing Black Californians\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>There’s a new study out that takes a demographic and socioeconomic snapshot of African-Americans in the Golden State. It’s called the state of Black California. Despite gains in the quality of life for Black Californians over a 20-year period, the study found that racial inequality continues to persist compared to other racial and ethnic groups.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Guest: Michael Stoll, Professor of Public Policy, UCLA\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Autonomous Taxi Bill Advances In Sacramento\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">A bill that would give California cities and counties the ability to regulate robotaxi services has passed its first test in the Legislature – despite doubts expressed by some lawmakers. \u003c/span>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Reporter: Dan Brekke, KQED \u003c/span>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1713452062,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":4,"wordCount":124},"headData":{"title":"Despite Progress, Black Californians Still Face Major Challenges In Closing Equality Gap | KQED","description":"Study Looks At Quality Of Life Improvements, Challenges Facing Black Californians There’s a new study out that takes a demographic and socioeconomic snapshot of African-Americans in the Golden State. It’s called the state of Black California. Despite gains in the quality of life for Black Californians over a 20-year period, the study found that racial inequality continues to persist compared to other racial and ethnic groups. Guest: Michael Stoll, Professor of Public Policy, UCLA Autonomous Taxi Bill Advances In Sacramento A bill that would give California cities and counties the ability to regulate robotaxi services has passed its first test","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Despite Progress, Black Californians Still Face Major Challenges In Closing Equality Gap","datePublished":"2024-04-18T14:26:18.000Z","dateModified":"2024-04-18T14:54:22.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"source":"Morning Report","sourceUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/tcrarchive/","audioUrl":"https://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3/chrt.fm/track/G6C7C3/traffic.megaphone.fm/KQINC2484021200.mp3?updated=1713452252","sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11983323/despite-progress-black-californians-still-face-major-challenges-in-closing-equality-gap","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Study Looks At Quality Of Life Improvements, Challenges Facing Black Californians\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>There’s a new study out that takes a demographic and socioeconomic snapshot of African-Americans in the Golden State. It’s called the state of Black California. Despite gains in the quality of life for Black Californians over a 20-year period, the study found that racial inequality continues to persist compared to other racial and ethnic groups.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Guest: Michael Stoll, Professor of Public Policy, UCLA\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Autonomous Taxi Bill Advances In Sacramento\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">A bill that would give California cities and counties the ability to regulate robotaxi services has passed its first test in the Legislature – despite doubts expressed by some lawmakers. \u003c/span>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Reporter: Dan Brekke, KQED \u003c/span>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11983323/despite-progress-black-californians-still-face-major-challenges-in-closing-equality-gap","authors":["236"],"programs":["news_72"],"categories":["news_21291"],"tags":["news_21998","news_21268"],"featImg":"news_11983324","label":"source_news_11983323"},"news_10564656":{"type":"posts","id":"news_10564656","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"10564656","found":true},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"10-emails-detail-pges-cozy-relationship-with-its-regulators","title":"10 Emails That Detail PG&E’s Cozy Relationship With Regulators","publishDate":1434697277,"format":"standard","headTitle":"News Fix | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":6944,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">I\u003c/span>n the years since the September 2010 natural gas pipeline explosion that killed eight people in San Bruno, the relationship between pipeline operator Pacific Gas and Electric Co. and high-ranking officials at the California Public Utilities Commission has come under intense scrutiny, undermining public trust in the state agency tasked with ensuring safe pipeline operations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State prosecutors and a federal grand jury are currently zeroing in on alleged improper ties between PG&E and top state regulators. \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/01/29/report-former-cpuc-chief-targeted-in-state-probe\" target=\"_blank\">State investigators\u003c/a> acting on a search warrant earlier this year seized iPhones, a laptop and bank statements from the residence of former CPUC President Michael Peevey and took similar items from the home of PG&E's former Vice President of Regulatory Affairs, Brian Cherry, all on suspicion of felony activity relating to a judge-shopping scandal brought to light by email records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those exchanges were made public in the wake of civil litigation brought on behalf of San Bruno, when a judge ordered PG&E to release records consisting of some 65,000 emails and 123,000 documents.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright pullquote\">A PG&E executive and CPUC official were on 2,369 of the same email threads using their official email addresses — that’s an average of 11 times a week.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>KQED has taken a detailed look into this correspondence, which reveals in granular detail the familiar relationships between key decision-makers and PG&E executives that lasted well beyond the San Bruno incident. There are multiple instances of Peevey arranging to meet with Cherry for holiday visits that involved sipping wine — a keyword search of the email records for the words “pinot” or “cabernet,” for example, yielded 16 separate items.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But two of the closest confidants were Cherry and then-CPUC Executive Director Paul Clanon. The collection of documents provided by PG&E shows that between 2010 and 2014, Cherry and Clanon were on 2,369 of the same email threads using their official email addresses -- that's an average of 11 times a week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although some of these emails were sent years ago, an attempt to force a cultural change at the CPUC is only now making its way through the California Legislature. In an attempt to reform CPUC operations, the Senate recently approved \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml;jsessionid=ccfbe52d6f35026fdd9d2a7e2414?bill_id=201520160SB660\" target=\"_blank\">SB 660\u003c/a>, a bill that would overhaul decision-making processes and restrict private exchanges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an interview with KQED, CPUC President Michael Picker said that the agency read every email released, conducted legal reviews and went through the state personnel process when breaches occurred.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency focused on correspondence from about 80 people below the level of commissioner. Some individuals left the CPUC prior to or during the review. The agency determined that action was not warranted against 54 of the people who remained on staff. CPUC spokeswoman Constance Gordon said \"individuals whose emails raised more serious issues\" -- the agency won't say how many -- received \"counseling memos\" or \"letters of correction.\" The agency also held a staff training in appropriate email decorum in April.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The challenge is that we are built for a different era, we were built in a time before emails,\" Picker said. \"Emails tend toward much more casual relationships. That’s a problem because when you start to get at a certain level of casualness, then you can slide into other kinds of ethical breaches.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Picker said that communications between PG&E staff and CPUC employees are currently banned for procedural cases. However, he said, the two staffs must be able to talk to each other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We can’t do our jobs. We can’t guarantee that the electric system, the gas system work properly, we can’t make sure that people are being protected against unsafe infrastructure unless we are always in communication with the utilities. So if we’re not in contact with PG&E that’s as big of a problem and maybe a larger problem then some of the improper comportment,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E fired Cherry, as well as Senior Vice President of Regulatory Affairs Tom Bottorff and Vice President of Regulatory Proceedings Trina Horner, following the company's internal investigation into the emails.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E spokesman Nick Stimmel \u003ca href=\"https://www.scribd.com/doc/269092248/CPUC-and-PG-E-Emails-PG-E-Statement-to-KQED\" target=\"_blank\">wrote in a statement\u003c/a>: \"With respect to the email issue, we have produced tens of thousands of emails voluntarily and in response to regulatory and legal requirements and we continue to cooperate with all investigations. In the meantime, we will let the content of the emails speak for themselves; we are not going to speculate about motivations or the actions of people who are no longer in roles with the CPUC or the company or about events that may or may not have occurred.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Below we highlight 10 email exchanges that demonstrate just how cozy ties between regulators and the regulated have been in day-to-day CPUC operations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Read the emails\u003c/p>\n\u003ctable>\n\u003ctbody>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>1) \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#controlRoom\">“The Control Room Audit”\u003c/a>\u003c/strong> Sept. 14, 2011\u003cbr>\n2) \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#angels\">“Charlie’s Angels”\u003c/a>\u003c/strong> Oct. 18, 2011\u003cbr>\n3) \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#seaRanch\">“Sea Ranch over Thanksgiving”\u003c/a>\u003c/strong> Nov. 24, 2010\u003cbr>\n4) \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#Jellystone\">“How was Jellystone?”\u003c/a>\u003c/strong> Sept. 12, 2010\u003cbr>\n5) \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#anyThoughts\">“Any thoughts – non-attributed of course?”\u003c/a>\u003c/strong> Oct. 20, 2010\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>6) \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#parallelUniverses\">“We live in parallel universes…”\u003c/a>\u003c/strong> January 10, 2011\u003cbr>\n7) \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#investorRelations\">“Investor relations”\u003c/a>\u003c/strong> Sept. 26, 2011\u003cbr>\n8)\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#happyBirthday\"> “Happy Birthday!”\u003c/a>\u003c/strong> Sept. 16, 2010\u003cbr>\n9) \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#jerryBrown\">“Get this info to [Jerry] Brown”\u003c/a>\u003c/strong> January 11, 2011\u003cbr>\n10) \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#prozac\">“Prozac might be a solution!”\u003c/a>\u003c/strong> June 4, 2010\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#whatHappened\">Where Are They Now?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003c/tbody>\n\u003c/table>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>1) \u003ca name=\"controlRoom\">\u003c/a>“The Control Room Audit” -- Sept. 14, 2011\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the aftermath of the pipeline rupture that caused the San Bruno explosion, PG&E’s control room management became a focal point for safety improvement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Natural gas pipelines may traverse thousands of miles. In a control room, pressure and flow across the underground network are monitored remotely. The federal Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration moved to amend federal pipeline safety regulations in the months after San Bruno, imposing tougher regulations on control room operations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But according to an email from PG&E’s Brian Cherry to CPUC’s then-Executive Director Paul Clanon, dated Sept. 14, 2011, the company encountered “some pressing problems” relating to a “control room audit.” Accordingly, Cherry wondered whether Clanon would be willing to “focus elsewhere.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10568616\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/LaHood-Speier-San-Bruno-e1434683321797.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10568616\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/LaHood-Speier-San-Bruno-800x619.jpg\" alt=\"In this photo from May of 2011, federal Transportation Secretary Ray LaHood tours the site of the PG&E San Bruno pipeline explosion with Congressional Representative Jackie Speier.\" width=\"800\" height=\"619\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In this photo from May of 2011, federal Transportation Secretary Ray LaHood tours the site of the PG&E San Bruno pipeline explosion with Congressional Representative Jackie Speier. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Paul – hope you are enjoying yourself in Jellystone but stay away from the wayward bison,” Cherry wrote. “I received a request from Nick [Stavropoulos, PG&E’s executive vice president of gas operations] and Chris [Johns, president of PG&E] … to seek your advice and counsel on the control room audit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Nick and Chris know we have problems in this area and would like you to focus elsewhere for the moment so that we can address some pressing problems. … Nick stated that you once offered to help out in any way you could if the Commission was becoming an obstacle to us getting the work done.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A formal letter sent to Clanon about two weeks later on PG&E stationary shows the company was preparing for a visit from an independent consultant hired by the CPUC to inspect control-room operations. This audit was conducted to ensure compliance with federal rules. So was PG&E granted a delay? CPUC spokeswoman Constance Gordon said she could not comment on Clanon’s email directly, since he no longer works at the CPUC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Commission President Michael Picker, who replaced Peevey after he stepped down last year, said that he could not comment directly on the contents of the email, either, since he was unfamiliar with the audit. However, he said, \"No one’s ever asked me to focus elsewhere. Chances are that would make me want to focus more.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reached by phone, Clanon declined to comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.scribd.com/embeds/269089045/content?start_page=1&view_mode=scroll&access_key=key-LCWXLFaD7vmtymd0YBHr&show_recommendations=true\" data-auto-height=\"false\" data-aspect-ratio=\"0.7586206896551724\" scrolling=\"no\" id=\"doc_25733\" width=\"100%\" height=\"600\" frameborder=\"0\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>2) \u003ca name=\"angels\">\u003c/a>“Charlie’s Angels” -- Oct. 18, 2011\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Oct. 18, 2011, PG&E’s Brian Cherry forwarded CPUC President Mike Peevey an email attachment with the note “FYI.” It was a letter from Rep. Jackie Speier to U.S. Department of Transportation Secretary Ray LaHood, urging LaHood to require natural gas operators to remove from their networks a kind of plastic pipe, Aldyl-A, which is prone to cracking. PG&E has 1,231 miles of the pipe in its system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roughly six weeks earlier, \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Plastic-natural-gas-pipe-failure-data-kept-secret-2308629.php\" target=\"_blank\">a Cupertino condominium had been destroyed\u003c/a>, in an explosion and fire caused by a gas leak due to a cracked fitting in a plastic Aldyl-A pipe. When it investigated the cause of the blast, PG&E found six other plastic pipe failures near the blast site, records show.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10568615\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/Bernardus_Site-Photos-from-Everett_Medium-Resolution_04-17-15-17317.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10568615\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/Bernardus_Site-Photos-from-Everett_Medium-Resolution_04-17-15-17317-800x532.jpg\" alt=\"Former California Public Utilities Commission President Michael Peevey and PG&E executive Brian Cherry made dinner plans at the Bernardus Lodge & Spa, shown here, in October of 2011.\" width=\"800\" height=\"532\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/Bernardus_Site-Photos-from-Everett_Medium-Resolution_04-17-15-17317-800x532.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/Bernardus_Site-Photos-from-Everett_Medium-Resolution_04-17-15-17317-400x266.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/Bernardus_Site-Photos-from-Everett_Medium-Resolution_04-17-15-17317-960x639.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/Bernardus_Site-Photos-from-Everett_Medium-Resolution_04-17-15-17317.jpg 1100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Former California Public Utilities Commission President Michael Peevey and PG&E executive Brian Cherry made dinner plans at the Bernardus Lodge & Spa, shown here, in October of 2011. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Bernardus Lodge & Spa)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In response to Cherry's email, Peevey thanked Cherry for the update. Then the CPUC president moved onto another topic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“See you for dinner Sunday night,” he wrote. “Where and when? Are you bringing Charlie's Angels too?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cherry responded: “7:30 at Marinus in the Bernardus Lodge in the Carmel Valley. About 20 minutes or so from Monterey but well worth the drive. We can make it earlier if you wish.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He added, “Some angels may attend.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/angelstext.png\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-10568675\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/angelstext.png\" alt=\"angelstext\" width=\"796\" height=\"357\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/angelstext.png 796w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/angelstext-400x179.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 796px) 100vw, 796px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Sunday night\" would have marked the start of the annual meeting of the The Conference of California Public Utility Counsel (CCPUC) at the Monterey Plaza Hotel. The nonprofit organization, which describes itself on the web as a “non-profit mutual benefit corporation,” has representatives from PG&E and other utilities on its board of directors. According to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ccpuc.org/Past_Events?action=setup_form&formID=57\" target=\"_blank\">conference agenda\u003c/a>, Peevey was scheduled to speak at the conference on Monday, Oct. 24, 2011.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The conference itinerary shows that the evening activity on Sunday, Oct. 23 was a group activity –- attendees would be treated to a “reception and strolling dinner” at the Monterey Bay Aquarium from 7 to 9:30 p.m. But this email thread suggests Peevey and Cherry had other plans. The Bernardus Lodge & Spa is a luxury facility often booked for off-site corporate retreats, according to its website.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While it’s unclear who, or what, the men were referring to when they discussed whether “Charlie’s Angels” would attend, at the very least the detail illustrates close enough ties for them to share a mutual understanding about a coded phrase. Attempts to reach Cherry and Peevey by phone were unsuccessful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.scribd.com/embeds/269090620/content?start_page=1&view_mode=scroll&show_recommendations=true\" data-auto-height=\"false\" data-aspect-ratio=\"undefined\" scrolling=\"no\" id=\"doc_59557\" width=\"100%\" height=\"600\" frameborder=\"0\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>3) \u003ca name=\"seaRanch\">\u003c/a>“Sea Ranch over Thanksgiving” -- Nov. 24, 2010\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Nov. 24, 2010, about six weeks after the San Bruno pipeline explosion, PG&E’s Brian Cherry emailed CPUC President Mike Peevey with some good news -- plus an invitation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10568674\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 796px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/thanksgivingtext.png\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-10568674\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/thanksgivingtext.png\" alt=\"“Mike – FYI. Fish and Game letter on Manzana. Very positive,” he wrote. “Also – Sara and I will be in Sea Ranch over Thanksgiving. We’d be happy to have you and Carol [Peevey’s wife, Democratic Sen. Carol Liu] over for drinks or dinner if you are free. I’ve got plenty of great wine to drink.”\" width=\"796\" height=\"260\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/thanksgivingtext.png 796w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/thanksgivingtext-400x131.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 796px) 100vw, 796px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">“Mike – FYI. Fish and Game letter on Manzana. Very positive,” he wrote. “Also – Sara and I will be in Sea Ranch over Thanksgiving. We’d be happy to have you and Carol [Peevey’s wife, Democratic Sen. Carol Liu] over for drinks or dinner if you are free. I’ve got plenty of great wine to drink.”\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Less than an hour later, Peevey responded. “Thanks for the offer but all tied up with family. Next time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Records show that while Peevey at that time declined Cherry’s invitation to the Sonoma County vacation spot, he took him up on similar offers on other occasions. The men shared “\u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-puc-scandal-20141009-story.html\" target=\"_blank\">two bottles of good pinot\u003c/a>” over Memorial Day weekend in 2010, for example, while they discussed renewable energy, gas rate increases and a ballot measure campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, “Manzana” refers to PG&E’s proposed \u003ca href=\"http://www.pge.com/about/newsroom/newsreleases/20091203/pge_agrees_to_purchase_and_operate_major_california_wind_energy_project.shtml\" target=\"_blank\">Manzana Wind Project\u003c/a> in Kern County’s Tehachapi region, a $911 million, 246-megawatt renewable energy project that PG&E proposed in late 2009 and was then before the commission for approval. The California Department of Fish and Wildlife had reviewed the project’s environmental impacts out of concern that the wind turbines \u003ca href=\"http://www.forbes.com/sites/toddwoody/2012/01/04/revival-of-iconic-california-condor-threatens-states-wind-farm-boom/\" target=\"_blank\">could kill endangered California condors\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier that year, Cherry had emailed Peevey with information from PG&E’s investor relations division, citing a report from a Deutsche Bank financial analyst about the Manzana project. “Analysts are tracking Manzana … closely,” that email noted, with bankers considering it one of “the largest upcoming cases for the rest of the year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the Manzana project never came to fruition. An independent review by the CPUC’s Division of Ratepayer Advocates ultimately found that the wind project would have left customers bearing “significant risk and an unreasonable price tag.” The commission ultimately denied PG&E’s application.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.scribd.com/embeds/269091741/content?start_page=1&view_mode=scroll&show_recommendations=true\" data-auto-height=\"false\" data-aspect-ratio=\"undefined\" scrolling=\"no\" id=\"doc_58078\" width=\"100%\" height=\"600\" frameborder=\"0\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>4) \u003ca name=\"Jellystone\">\u003c/a>“Can you guys help me with this?” -- Sept. 12, 2010\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only three days had passed since the fatal San Bruno pipeline explosion. With images of the blaze still fresh in the media, the CPUC issued a press release to outline its planned response.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State and federal investigations were already underway. In an open memo, then-CPUC President Michael Peevey directed then-Executive Director Paul Clanon to compel PG&E to survey its lines for gas leaks. He demanded an inquiry into PG&E’s spending on pipeline safety and promised, “We are taking immediate action.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that same afternoon, Peevey emailed Clanon with a different request entirely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“First thing tomorrow,” he wrote, “See if you can schedule Darbee and Johns in my office at 2 PM Thursday.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He was referring to PG&E's then-CEO Peter Darbee and then-President Chris Johns. Clanon immediately forwarded the request to two PG&E executives, including Vice President of Regulatory Affairs Brian Cherry, asking, “Can you guys help me with this?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10568681\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/SB-explosion.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10568681\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/SB-explosion-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"Chimneys remain during a massive fire in a residential neighborhood in September 2010 in San Bruno.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/SB-explosion-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/SB-explosion-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/SB-explosion.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/SB-explosion-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Chimneys remain during a massive fire in a residential neighborhood in September 2010 in San Bruno. \u003ccite>(Max Whittaker/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Under many circumstances, a meeting between Peevey, a key decision-maker, and PG&E’s top brass about a matter under investigation would be a violation of state regulations designed to ensure fair dealing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under state law, contact between decision-makers and interested parties held outside the formal public process are known as ex parte communications. Whether they take the form of face-to-face meetings, texts or emails, these communications are subject to detailed regulations. And when a formal investigation is involved -- designated as an “adjudicatory proceeding” since commissioners act in the capacity of a judge -- no ex parte contact is allowed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nevertheless, CPUC spokesperson Constance Gordon told KQED that this particular meeting did not violate ex parte rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The investigation that began immediately following PG&E’s pipeline rupture was a staff investigation,” Gordon said, “not a formal investigation opened by a vote of the Commissioners,” which came later. “As such, ex parte rules would not apply.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the meeting arrangements were made, Clanon switched to a lighter topic: “How was Jellystone?” he asked Cherry, a possible reference to Yellowstone National Park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Amazing,” Cherry responded. “Saw so much wildlife. But it snowed the other day and I brought shorts!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cherry urged Clanon to plan his own vacation there. Meanwhile not 72 hours had passed since the fatal San Bruno pipeline explosion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Things keep coming up at my work,” Clanon responded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Uh. Yes,” Cherry shot back. “You have a challenging job. Guess that’s why they pay you the big bucks.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.scribd.com/embeds/269090271/content?start_page=1&view_mode=scroll&access_key=key-GgrivqLXfuWWWUDiHNXu&show_recommendations=true\" data-auto-height=\"false\" data-aspect-ratio=\"0.7586206896551724\" scrolling=\"no\" id=\"doc_42402\" width=\"100%\" height=\"600\" frameborder=\"0\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>5) \u003ca name=\"anyThoughts\">\u003c/a>“Any thoughts – non-attributed of course?” — Oct. 20, 2010\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Four years worth of emails show that former PG&E executive\u003cbr>\nBrian Cherry and former CPUC Executive Director Paul Clanon consulted with each other hundreds of times. While the below emails are not illegal, they are good examples of how Cherry and Clanon often bounced ideas off of each other or problem-solved together. On Oct. 20, 2010, Clanon wrote to Cherry:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What are we going to do about the San Bruno demand that the pipeline be moved? I can certainly understand on the human level why they'd want that, even though it might not make a lot of operational or design sense.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cherry responded, “We are struggling with that. There are a couple different re-routes ... Between you and me, I think we should repair 132 temporarily while offering up a longer-term solution involving re-routing. … Any thoughts - non-attributed of course ?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clanon did have an idea on how PG&E could “frame” moving the pipeline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think the way to frame the pipe-replacement issue is not to think of it as Line 132, but to think of it as, what, two or three miles?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next week, then-PG&E President Chris Johns \u003ca href=\"http://www.cpuc.ca.gov/NR/rdonlyres/339C7284-F731-46B1-BB51-8A1D86B3BE0A/0/20101027134941.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">released a statement\u003c/a> pledging to move the pipeline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The section of Line 132 that exploded was not repaired in the end. PG&E \u003ca href=\"http://www.rebuildcrestmoor.org/files/managed/Document/221/Line%20132_109%20Alignment.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">rerouted\u003c/a> the transmission line so that the gas now flows through Line 109 at San Andreas Station and returns to Line 132 at Healy Station, both in San Bruno.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright pullquote\">'Any thoughts — non-attributed of course?'\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Former PG&E executive Brian Cherry\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The CPUC had ordered PG&E to examine shutoff valves. In the same email, Cherry said that the agency had identified more than 200 valves that needed to be replaced. However, he was concerned that there would be a public outcry if he released that number.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we tell you the number of valves that have been identified and don't have these kinds of estimates, everyone will demand immediate replacement - which just can't be done for a variety of reasons.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clanon responded to Cherry: “Yeah, cost and time estimates for the valves are crucial.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E's lack of automatic shutoff valves had come under scrutiny by federal officials at the time. National Transportation Safety Board officials found that it took the utility almost 95 minutes to shut off the gas rushing from the ruptured San Bruno pipeline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keith Slibasager, PG&E’s gas system operations manager, testified during the NTSB’s public hearing on the San Bruno explosion that the company could have cut the gas within 20 minutes if the utility had installed automatic valves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://www.ntsb.gov/investigations/AccidentReports/Reports/PAR1101.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">2006 PG&E memo\u003c/a> shows that PG&E considered installing automatic safety valves, but did not. A PG&E senior gas-consulting engineer, Chi-hung Lee Sr., wrote in the memo that he found most of the damage from a pipeline explosion occurs within 30 seconds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The engineer later testified at the NTSB hearing that his research was limited. The Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration and other safety groups had reached different conclusions about shutoff valves. Federal safety officials have suggested, but not required, the use of automatic shutoff valves since 1999. PG&E officials acknowledged at the hearing that after Lee's memo they made no effort to further install the valves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the San Bruno explosion, PG&E has installed 208 automated valves that the utility can shut off remotely from a control room and 14 automatic shutoff valves that can shut themselves off in areas where transmission pipelines cross major fault lines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.scribd.com/embeds/269090994/content?start_page=1&view_mode=scroll&show_recommendations=true\" data-auto-height=\"false\" data-aspect-ratio=\"undefined\" scrolling=\"no\" id=\"doc_43929\" width=\"100%\" height=\"600\" frameborder=\"0\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>6) \u003ca name=\"paralellUniverses\">\u003c/a>“We live in parallel universes…” — Jan. 10, 2011\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2008, PG&E purposely boosted pressure on the San Bruno natural gas line to 400 pounds per square inch, the maximum legal limit. Normally, the line ran at 375 psi.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next time the pressure on that gas line exceeded 375 psi was on Sept. 9, 2010, when a malfunction spiked the pressure to 386 psi, coinciding with the deadly explosion in San Bruno killing eight people and destroying 28 homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E later said they increased the pressure in 2008 under a mistaken understanding of federal law. The utility believed that to maintain the ability to run gas at 400 psi, the legal limit, they needed to do so once every five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/PG-E-surge-may-have-stressed-San-Bruno-line-in-08-2478734.php\" target=\"_blank\">San Francisco Chronicle investigation\u003c/a> published on Jan. 9, 2011, revealed that the earlier pressure surge could have weakened the pipeline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E and CPUC officials referenced the story the next day, Jan. 10. At 9:35 a.m. Paul Clanon, then-executive director of the California Public Utilities Commission, wrote to senior CPUC staff asking about the spike:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Chronicle's story on the 2008 temporary rise in pressure on Line 132 to 400 psi doesn't match what I've heard. What are the facts? Is it standard practice or not to raise pressure up to MAOP [maximum allowable operating pressure] to preserve the maximum? Is 2008 really the only time PG&E has raised pressure on that line above 375 until the explosion?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 30 minutes later he contacted former PG&E executive Brian Cherry: “What are your guys saying about the facts in the Chron story yesterday? Contradicted my understanding of the rules, anyway.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10568621\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/Paul-Clanon-e1434683647732.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10568621\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/Paul-Clanon-800x602.jpg\" alt=\"Paul Clanon speaks at a September 28, 2010 Senate committee hearing on gas pipeline safety. \" width=\"800\" height=\"602\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Paul Clanon speaks at a September 28, 2010 Senate committee hearing on gas pipeline safety. \u003ccite>(Alex Wong/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Two minutes later Cherry shared his confusion: “Not sure. Let me follow up. I was under the same understanding.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clanon wrote back at 10:48: “Our guys are doing the same thing, and you and I can triangulate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is not standard practice for utilities to raise pressure on transmission lines, and federal law requires utilities to conduct a costly inspection on any pipeline when the pressure exceeds the maximum limit. PG&E had not conducted such an inspection, nor did Clanon ask if they had in the emails released.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By 4:53 p.m. Cherry and Clanon began to be concerned that neither PG&E nor CPUC staff could come up with an answer about whether such pressure spiking on a gas line was a normal practice. The two sympathized with each other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clanon wrote Cherry: “Nothing back yet?” Cherry responded “Nothing yet…” and later “We live in parallel universes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About an hour later, Clanon had received research from CPUC staff and wanted to run it by Cherry:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Here's what I get from my people. You agree? Follows: PG&E raises the pressure in transmission lines to MAOP once every five years based on its conservative interpretation of 192.917(e)(4)…”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next day, \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/PG-E-halts-intentional-gas-line-pressure-spikes-2478613.php\" target=\"_blank\">a Chronicle story\u003c/a> included a statement from a PG&E spokesperson that was very similar to what Clanon had written. “PG&E initially said it had conducted the pressure test on the San Bruno line to ‘preserve’ the pipe's legal capacity, saying federal law required it. A spokesman later backtracked and conceded there was no such requirement.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CPUC spokesperson Constance Gordon says that Clanon and Cherry were discussing each other's understanding of the rules, so \"if PG&E had a different understanding than that of CPUC staff the issue could be further discussed.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Utility Reform Network is one of PG&E’s sharpest critics. TURN spokesperson Mindy Spatt said such conversations are concerning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Well, it’s a question of whether the commission should be a watchdog or a lapdog. A watchdog would say, wait a minute PG&E what’s going on here? And a lapdog would say, let’s coordinate our message.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.scribd.com/embeds/269089050/content?start_page=1&view_mode=scroll&show_recommendations=true\" data-auto-height=\"false\" data-aspect-ratio=\"undefined\" scrolling=\"no\" id=\"doc_86669\" width=\"100%\" height=\"600\" frameborder=\"0\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>7) \u003ca name=\"investorRelations\">\u003c/a>“Investor relations” — Sept. 26, 2011\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An email exchange between Commissioner Mark Ferron and PG&E’s Brian Cherry shows Ferron sought advice from PG&E on which Wall Street analysts he should meet with privately on a trip to New York.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Mark,” Cherry wrote to Ferron in a Sept. 26, 2011 email, “Commissioner Florio was over at PG&E the other day and mentioned that you might need some help meeting with the buy and sell side analysts in New York. If you are interested, Gabe Togneri, our VP of Investor Relations, would be happy to reach out to some of them and have them sponsor a meeting. Our only role would be to make the contact. The analysts would sponsor the meetings themselves and you would meet with them privately.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ferron responded: “[PG&E CEO] Tony Earley … highlighted Dan Ford at Barclays Capital as a thought leader worthwhile meeting if I can find the time. Who else might Gabe recommend?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While there’s no record here of Ferron discussing the proposed San Bruno penalty with Ford, the Barclays analyst was clearly focused on that question.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In September 2012, Ford authored a report noting that PG&E would have difficulty raising $2.2 billion in equity to cover the expected San Bruno fine amount. (The actual penalty amount, finally determined on April 9 this year, was set at $1.6 billion.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in \u003ca href=\"http://www.ocregister.com/articles/california-530091-puc-state.html\" target=\"_blank\">a report authored by Ferron\u003c/a>, made public in October 2013, the commissioner related investors’ concerns that levying too large a fine against PG&E would cause them to view California as a “capital-unfriendly, ‘banana republic.’” That could lead to an increase in the cost of financing capital for utilities, warned Ferron, who had worked at Deutsche Bank prior to being appointed as a commissioner in March 2011.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ferron stepped down as a commissioner in 2014, citing health problems. CPUC spokesperson Constance Gordon said she was unable to offer comment on emails sent by individuals who no longer worked at the commission. Attempts to reach Ferron were unsuccessful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The question as to whether commissioners had inappropriate ex parte communications with Wall Street analysts was raised in a brief filed by the CPUC’s Division of Ratepayer Advocates. (Since renamed Office of Ratepayer Advocates).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some, if not all, of the financial industry representatives who reported discussing the San Bruno investigations with Commission offices represent firms or clients with a financial interest in PG&E Corporation,” the CPUC’s consumer advocacy branch pointed out. “The size of the fine and other penalties the Commission may impose in the San Bruno Investigations is a substantive issue in all three [CPUC] investigations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.scribd.com/embeds/269089048/content?start_page=1&view_mode=scroll&access_key=key-Mn9jh61Mxr2k4WEJWObu&show_recommendations=true\" data-auto-height=\"false\" data-aspect-ratio=\"0.7586206896551724\" scrolling=\"no\" id=\"doc_86425\" width=\"100%\" height=\"600\" frameborder=\"0\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>8) \u003ca name=\"happyBirthday\">\u003c/a>“Happy Birthday!” — Sept. 16, 2010\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was 7 a.m. on Sept. 16, 2010, one week after the San Bruno pipeline explosion. CPUC executive director Paul Clanon emailed PG&E’s Brian Cherry with a simple message in the subject line: “Happy Birthday!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Thanks,” Cherry replied. He shared his birthday wish. “I’d love a nice muzzle for Mark Toney.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mark Toney is executive director of The Utility Reform Network (TURN), a leading critic of PG&E.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10568624\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/Mark-Toney.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-10568624\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/Mark-Toney.jpg\" alt=\"Mark Toney, executive director of consumer advocacy group The Utility Reform Network, was the target of an unkind remark in an email from a PG&E executive to the regulatory agency director.\" width=\"600\" height=\"420\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/Mark-Toney.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/Mark-Toney-400x280.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mark Toney, executive director of consumer advocacy group The Utility Reform Network, was the target of an unkind remark in an email from a PG&E executive to the regulatory agency director. \u003ccite>(Courtesy The Utility Reform Network)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As for why Cherry would have wanted a “muzzle” for Toney, TURN spokesperson Mindy Spatt told KQED that Toney had issued a public statement about customer safety just before this exchange took place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He was saying: Demand that PG&E put customer safety first – that is the message that PG&E wanted muzzled, a message that said ‘no more San Brunos,’” Spatt said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Sept. 15, Cherry had emailed Clanon to tell him then-PG&E CEO Peter Darbee believed “TURN’s behavior \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/PG-E-targeted-critics-after-San-Bruno-blast-6054156.php\" target=\"_blank\">has bordered on the irresponsible\u003c/a>.” He wondered whether the CPUC would be willing to make a statement publicly discounting TURN’s claims. While it’s not clear from the emails how Clanon reacted to this request, his email reply to Cherry was: “Call me when you can.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was actually six days after the fatal San Bruno explosion that Brian Cherry referred to TURN’s behavior as irresponsible,” Spatt said when asked about this. “His company has just killed eight people and incinerated an entire neighborhood.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.scribd.com/embeds/269090899/content?start_page=1&view_mode=scroll&show_recommendations=true\" data-auto-height=\"false\" data-aspect-ratio=\"undefined\" scrolling=\"no\" id=\"doc_38056\" width=\"100%\" height=\"600\" frameborder=\"0\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>9) \u003ca href=\"jerryBrown\">“Get this info to Brown”\u003c/a> -- Jan. 11, 2011\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While it’s obvious why a major utility company would be concerned that its stock had been downgraded, it’s not as clear why a commissioner would care. Upon learning about a financial downgrade, then-CPUC president Michael Peevey recommended that PG&E find a way to indirectly alert Gov. Jerry Brown, who was then in the process of determining new commission appointments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The email thread begins Jan. 11, 2011, when PG&E’s Brian Cherry forwarded Peevey a message from PG&E’s investor relations division about a financial analyst’s report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Citigroup downgraded … PG&E,” the email explained. The note showed that analysts feared “uncertainty and potential shifting dynamics in the regulatory arena.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response, Peevey wrote in an email to Cherry: “You should find a way to get this info to Brown as he makes his decisions on Commissioners ASAP. Probably best coming from a non-utility source, such as investment banker(s).”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When asked why Peevey would provide this advice, CPUC spokesperson Constance Gordon responded, “The questions you’ve asked involve individuals who are no longer with the CPUC, so we cannot ask them your questions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.scribd.com/embeds/269091157/content?start_page=1&view_mode=scroll&show_recommendations=true\" data-auto-height=\"false\" data-aspect-ratio=\"undefined\" scrolling=\"no\" id=\"doc_69098\" width=\"100%\" height=\"600\" frameborder=\"0\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>10. \u003ca href=\"prozac\">“Prozac might be a solution!”\u003c/a> -- June 4, 2010\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E officials had no idea what they were getting into when the utility began installing smart meters in California in 2006. Smart meters are a critical component of the \"smart grid” -- the devices track energy usage and transmit data back to customers and utilities, with the goal of reducing electricity consumption and distributing power more efficiently across the electric grid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smart meters faced an almost \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/climatewatch/2010/03/10/the-backlash-against-smartmeters/\" target=\"_blank\">immediate backlash\u003c/a>. Users first complained that the devices gave artificially high readings. Later the \u003ca href=\"https://www.scribd.com/doc/269092309/Smart-Meter-Investigation-Findings-by-CPUC\" target=\"_blank\">CPUC found\u003c/a> that about 1,480 meters inaccurately recorded electricity consumption in ambient temperatures ranging from 100– 115 degrees Fahrenheit due to a defective chip. Nevertheless, \u003ca href=\"http://docs.cpuc.ca.gov/EFILE/RULINGS/122935.PDF\" target=\"_blank\">a study\u003c/a> conducted by an independent consultant, The Structure Group, determined that the meters generally functioned as intended.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Next, consumer advocacy groups, including TURN, \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/climatewatch/2010/06/13/dumbfounded-by-smartmeters/\" target=\"_blank\">raised concerns\u003c/a> that the meters would harm people like seniors who sometimes have no choice but to run their air conditioners in the sweltering Central Valley. TURN also noted that with smart meters, PG&E could simply turn off people’s power if they couldn’t keep up with the bills. Privacy advocates expressed concern about utilities gaining access to information about their use of personal home appliances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10568672\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/4-43EMF_300.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-10568672\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/4-43EMF_300.jpg\" alt=\"A sign from a smart meter protest in 2010.\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A sign from a smart meter protest in 2010. \u003ccite>(Amy Standen/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The biggest battle over smart meters, though, centered on electromagnetic fields (EMFs) emitted by smart meters. The possible health effects of EMFs have been a subject of debate since the \u003ca href=\"http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,918076,00.html\" target=\"_blank\">Cold War\u003c/a>, and fear has intensified in the wireless age with the introduction of countless devices that emit EMFs, such as cellphones, laptops and Wi-Fi routers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/radiation/magnetic-fields-fact-sheet\" target=\"_blank\">The National Institutes of Health’s National Cancer Institute\u003c/a> says that “several early epidemiologic studies raised the possibility of an association between certain cancers, especially childhood cancers, and ELF-EMFs. Most subsequent studies have not shown such an association.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike high-energy radiation emitted from devices like X-rays, low-energy emissions from devices like smart meters cannot damage DNA or cells directly, the NIH writes. \u003ca href=\"http://www.who.int/peh-emf/research/en/\" target=\"_blank\">The World Health Organization concluded\u003c/a> that low-energy emissions cause “no substantive health issues.” Smart-meter emissions are 60 times lower than the federal health guidelines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>EMF activists remain concerned, however, about the accumulated exposure people face from being surrounded by so many low-emission devices. And they’ve flooded the CPUC and PG&E with complaints.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By June 4, 2010, Carol Brown, then-CPUC President Michael Peevey’s chief-of-staff, wanted an answer for the people contacting her about EMFs. She wrote to then-PG&E executive Brian Cherry: “So far I have done OK just listening to the sad tales of EMF poisoning - and telling them thank you for bringing it to our attention - but then not offering them any solution!!! I just wanted to have a resource in case! Have a nice weekend.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cherry responded: “Prozac might be a solution!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, cities, including San Francisco, began petitioning the CPUC to make smart meters optional.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Peevey recommended to Cherry in an email in September 2010 that PG&E consider making the meters optional:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One thought for the company: If it were my decision I would let anyone who wants to keep their old meter keep it, if they claim they suffer from EMF and/or related electronic-related illnesses and they can produce a doctor's letter saying so (or expressing concern about the likelihood of suffering same). I would institute such a policy quietly and solely on an individual basis. There really are people who feel pain, etc., related to EMF, etc., and rather than have them becoming hysterical, etc., I would quietly leave them alone. Kick it around. And, it sounds like the company may already have taken this step, based on a couple of the comments at yesterday's public hearing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cherry said that he would consider it: “I do worry that this policy, no matter how discrete (sic) we try to make it, will surface and town councils and cities in our territory will ask for similar treatment. That said, we will take the matter up and get back to you with our feedback.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In March 2011, PG&E proposed allowing smart meter users to opt out. The CPUC approved that plan in February 2012. Customers who opt out of the program must pay an initial fee and monthly charge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.scribd.com/embeds/269089051/content?start_page=1&view_mode=scroll&show_recommendations=true\" data-auto-height=\"false\" data-aspect-ratio=\"undefined\" scrolling=\"no\" id=\"doc_26891\" width=\"100%\" height=\"600\" frameborder=\"0\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca name=\"whatHappened\">\u003c/a>Where Are They Now?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Brian Cherry\u003c/strong>, PG&E’s vice president of regulatory affairs, was fired from PG&E in September of 2014, after inappropriate email exchanges came to light.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Thomas Bottorff\u003c/strong>, PG&E’s senior vice president of regulatory affairs and Cherry’s boss, was fired along with Cherry. According to a San Jose Mercury News article he was to receive a severance payment totaling more than $1 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Chris Johns\u003c/strong>, president of PG&E, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/05/27/pge-president-to-retire-as-utility-faces-mounting-scrutiny\" target=\"_blank\">announced several weeks\u003c/a> ago that he would retire by the end of the year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Michael Peevey\u003c/strong>, president of the California Public Utilities Commission, stepped down from his role after his term came to an end in December of 2014. Peevey came under fire for inappropriate email exchanges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Paul Clanon\u003c/strong>, executive director of the California Public Utilities Commission, announced at the end of December that he would retire to study music.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mark Ferron\u003c/strong>, former commissioner at the California Public Utilities Commission, resigned in December of 2014 due to health problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Carol Brown\u003c/strong>, former commission president Peevey’s chief of staff, stepped down in the wake of revelations that she had agreed to intervene on a judge appointment for a case involving PG&E. Despite news reports that she might return to the agency as an administrative law judge, a CPUC spokesperson confirmed to KQED that Brown has retired.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Michael Florio\u003c/strong>, who was also entangled in the judge-shopping scandal, remains as a commissioner at the California Public Utilities Commission.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The correspondence reveals in detail the familiar relationships between key decision-makers and PG&E executives .","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1434741667,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":152,"wordCount":6076},"headData":{"title":"10 Emails That Detail PG&E’s Cozy Relationship With Regulators | KQED","description":"The correspondence reveals in detail the familiar relationships between key decision-makers and PG&E executives .","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"10 Emails That Detail PG&E’s Cozy Relationship With Regulators","datePublished":"2015-06-19T07:01:17.000Z","dateModified":"2015-06-19T19:21:07.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"authorsData":[{"type":"authors","id":"3231","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"3231","found":true},"name":"Rebecca Bowe","firstName":"Rebecca","lastName":"Bowe","slug":"rbowe","email":"rbowe@kqed.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"Rebecca Bowe is a journalist based in San Francisco. She's covered Bay Area news since 2009, and previously served as News Editor of the San Francisco Bay Guardian. Follow her on Twitter @ByRebeccaBowe.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/50e1da0639521639108e89c123a76c9c?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"news","roles":["subscriber"]},{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Rebecca Bowe | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/50e1da0639521639108e89c123a76c9c?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/50e1da0639521639108e89c123a76c9c?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/rbowe"},{"type":"authors","id":"199","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"199","found":true},"name":"Lisa Pickoff-White","firstName":"Lisa","lastName":"Pickoff-White","slug":"lisapickoffwhite-2","email":"lpickoffwhite@kqed.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":["news"],"title":"Data Journalist, Senior Producer","bio":"Lisa Pickoff-White is KQED's data reporter. Lisa specializes in simplifying complex topics and bringing them to life through compelling visuals, including photography and data visualizations. She previously has worked at the Center for Investigative Reporting and other national outlets. Her work has been honored with awards from the Online News Association, Investigative Reporters and Editors, the Society of Professional Journalists and SXSW Interactive. \u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5513c5f3967df792aa65bee2501e84d6?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"pickoffwhite","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"arts","roles":["administrator"]},{"site":"styleguide","roles":["administrator"]},{"site":"news","roles":["administrator"]},{"site":"about","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"stateofhealth","roles":["administrator"]},{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"quest","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"food","roles":["contributor"]},{"site":"forum","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"breakingnews","roles":["administrator"]}],"headData":{"title":"Lisa Pickoff-White | KQED","description":"Data Journalist, Senior Producer","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5513c5f3967df792aa65bee2501e84d6?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5513c5f3967df792aa65bee2501e84d6?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/lisapickoffwhite-2"}],"imageData":{"ogImageSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/Clanon-Johns-hearing-1440x962.jpg","width":1440,"height":962,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twImageSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/Clanon-Johns-hearing-1440x962.jpg","width":1440,"height":962,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twitterCard":"summary_large_image"},"tagData":{"tags":["California Public Utilities Commission","PG&E","San Bruno gas explosion"]}},"disqusIdentifier":"10564656 http://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=10564656","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/06/19/10-emails-detail-pges-cozy-relationship-with-its-regulators/","disqusTitle":"10 Emails That Detail PG&E’s Cozy Relationship With Regulators","path":"/news/10564656/10-emails-detail-pges-cozy-relationship-with-its-regulators","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">I\u003c/span>n the years since the September 2010 natural gas pipeline explosion that killed eight people in San Bruno, the relationship between pipeline operator Pacific Gas and Electric Co. and high-ranking officials at the California Public Utilities Commission has come under intense scrutiny, undermining public trust in the state agency tasked with ensuring safe pipeline operations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State prosecutors and a federal grand jury are currently zeroing in on alleged improper ties between PG&E and top state regulators. \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/01/29/report-former-cpuc-chief-targeted-in-state-probe\" target=\"_blank\">State investigators\u003c/a> acting on a search warrant earlier this year seized iPhones, a laptop and bank statements from the residence of former CPUC President Michael Peevey and took similar items from the home of PG&E's former Vice President of Regulatory Affairs, Brian Cherry, all on suspicion of felony activity relating to a judge-shopping scandal brought to light by email records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those exchanges were made public in the wake of civil litigation brought on behalf of San Bruno, when a judge ordered PG&E to release records consisting of some 65,000 emails and 123,000 documents.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright pullquote\">A PG&E executive and CPUC official were on 2,369 of the same email threads using their official email addresses — that’s an average of 11 times a week.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>KQED has taken a detailed look into this correspondence, which reveals in granular detail the familiar relationships between key decision-makers and PG&E executives that lasted well beyond the San Bruno incident. There are multiple instances of Peevey arranging to meet with Cherry for holiday visits that involved sipping wine — a keyword search of the email records for the words “pinot” or “cabernet,” for example, yielded 16 separate items.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But two of the closest confidants were Cherry and then-CPUC Executive Director Paul Clanon. The collection of documents provided by PG&E shows that between 2010 and 2014, Cherry and Clanon were on 2,369 of the same email threads using their official email addresses -- that's an average of 11 times a week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although some of these emails were sent years ago, an attempt to force a cultural change at the CPUC is only now making its way through the California Legislature. In an attempt to reform CPUC operations, the Senate recently approved \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml;jsessionid=ccfbe52d6f35026fdd9d2a7e2414?bill_id=201520160SB660\" target=\"_blank\">SB 660\u003c/a>, a bill that would overhaul decision-making processes and restrict private exchanges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an interview with KQED, CPUC President Michael Picker said that the agency read every email released, conducted legal reviews and went through the state personnel process when breaches occurred.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency focused on correspondence from about 80 people below the level of commissioner. Some individuals left the CPUC prior to or during the review. The agency determined that action was not warranted against 54 of the people who remained on staff. CPUC spokeswoman Constance Gordon said \"individuals whose emails raised more serious issues\" -- the agency won't say how many -- received \"counseling memos\" or \"letters of correction.\" The agency also held a staff training in appropriate email decorum in April.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The challenge is that we are built for a different era, we were built in a time before emails,\" Picker said. \"Emails tend toward much more casual relationships. That’s a problem because when you start to get at a certain level of casualness, then you can slide into other kinds of ethical breaches.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Picker said that communications between PG&E staff and CPUC employees are currently banned for procedural cases. However, he said, the two staffs must be able to talk to each other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We can’t do our jobs. We can’t guarantee that the electric system, the gas system work properly, we can’t make sure that people are being protected against unsafe infrastructure unless we are always in communication with the utilities. So if we’re not in contact with PG&E that’s as big of a problem and maybe a larger problem then some of the improper comportment,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E fired Cherry, as well as Senior Vice President of Regulatory Affairs Tom Bottorff and Vice President of Regulatory Proceedings Trina Horner, following the company's internal investigation into the emails.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E spokesman Nick Stimmel \u003ca href=\"https://www.scribd.com/doc/269092248/CPUC-and-PG-E-Emails-PG-E-Statement-to-KQED\" target=\"_blank\">wrote in a statement\u003c/a>: \"With respect to the email issue, we have produced tens of thousands of emails voluntarily and in response to regulatory and legal requirements and we continue to cooperate with all investigations. In the meantime, we will let the content of the emails speak for themselves; we are not going to speculate about motivations or the actions of people who are no longer in roles with the CPUC or the company or about events that may or may not have occurred.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Below we highlight 10 email exchanges that demonstrate just how cozy ties between regulators and the regulated have been in day-to-day CPUC operations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Read the emails\u003c/p>\n\u003ctable>\n\u003ctbody>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>1) \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#controlRoom\">“The Control Room Audit”\u003c/a>\u003c/strong> Sept. 14, 2011\u003cbr>\n2) \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#angels\">“Charlie’s Angels”\u003c/a>\u003c/strong> Oct. 18, 2011\u003cbr>\n3) \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#seaRanch\">“Sea Ranch over Thanksgiving”\u003c/a>\u003c/strong> Nov. 24, 2010\u003cbr>\n4) \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#Jellystone\">“How was Jellystone?”\u003c/a>\u003c/strong> Sept. 12, 2010\u003cbr>\n5) \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#anyThoughts\">“Any thoughts – non-attributed of course?”\u003c/a>\u003c/strong> Oct. 20, 2010\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>6) \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#parallelUniverses\">“We live in parallel universes…”\u003c/a>\u003c/strong> January 10, 2011\u003cbr>\n7) \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#investorRelations\">“Investor relations”\u003c/a>\u003c/strong> Sept. 26, 2011\u003cbr>\n8)\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#happyBirthday\"> “Happy Birthday!”\u003c/a>\u003c/strong> Sept. 16, 2010\u003cbr>\n9) \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#jerryBrown\">“Get this info to [Jerry] Brown”\u003c/a>\u003c/strong> January 11, 2011\u003cbr>\n10) \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#prozac\">“Prozac might be a solution!”\u003c/a>\u003c/strong> June 4, 2010\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#whatHappened\">Where Are They Now?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003c/tbody>\n\u003c/table>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>1) \u003ca name=\"controlRoom\">\u003c/a>“The Control Room Audit” -- Sept. 14, 2011\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the aftermath of the pipeline rupture that caused the San Bruno explosion, PG&E’s control room management became a focal point for safety improvement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Natural gas pipelines may traverse thousands of miles. In a control room, pressure and flow across the underground network are monitored remotely. The federal Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration moved to amend federal pipeline safety regulations in the months after San Bruno, imposing tougher regulations on control room operations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But according to an email from PG&E’s Brian Cherry to CPUC’s then-Executive Director Paul Clanon, dated Sept. 14, 2011, the company encountered “some pressing problems” relating to a “control room audit.” Accordingly, Cherry wondered whether Clanon would be willing to “focus elsewhere.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10568616\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/LaHood-Speier-San-Bruno-e1434683321797.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10568616\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/LaHood-Speier-San-Bruno-800x619.jpg\" alt=\"In this photo from May of 2011, federal Transportation Secretary Ray LaHood tours the site of the PG&E San Bruno pipeline explosion with Congressional Representative Jackie Speier.\" width=\"800\" height=\"619\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In this photo from May of 2011, federal Transportation Secretary Ray LaHood tours the site of the PG&E San Bruno pipeline explosion with Congressional Representative Jackie Speier. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Paul – hope you are enjoying yourself in Jellystone but stay away from the wayward bison,” Cherry wrote. “I received a request from Nick [Stavropoulos, PG&E’s executive vice president of gas operations] and Chris [Johns, president of PG&E] … to seek your advice and counsel on the control room audit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Nick and Chris know we have problems in this area and would like you to focus elsewhere for the moment so that we can address some pressing problems. … Nick stated that you once offered to help out in any way you could if the Commission was becoming an obstacle to us getting the work done.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A formal letter sent to Clanon about two weeks later on PG&E stationary shows the company was preparing for a visit from an independent consultant hired by the CPUC to inspect control-room operations. This audit was conducted to ensure compliance with federal rules. So was PG&E granted a delay? CPUC spokeswoman Constance Gordon said she could not comment on Clanon’s email directly, since he no longer works at the CPUC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Commission President Michael Picker, who replaced Peevey after he stepped down last year, said that he could not comment directly on the contents of the email, either, since he was unfamiliar with the audit. However, he said, \"No one’s ever asked me to focus elsewhere. Chances are that would make me want to focus more.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reached by phone, Clanon declined to comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.scribd.com/embeds/269089045/content?start_page=1&view_mode=scroll&access_key=key-LCWXLFaD7vmtymd0YBHr&show_recommendations=true\" data-auto-height=\"false\" data-aspect-ratio=\"0.7586206896551724\" scrolling=\"no\" id=\"doc_25733\" width=\"100%\" height=\"600\" frameborder=\"0\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>2) \u003ca name=\"angels\">\u003c/a>“Charlie’s Angels” -- Oct. 18, 2011\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Oct. 18, 2011, PG&E’s Brian Cherry forwarded CPUC President Mike Peevey an email attachment with the note “FYI.” It was a letter from Rep. Jackie Speier to U.S. Department of Transportation Secretary Ray LaHood, urging LaHood to require natural gas operators to remove from their networks a kind of plastic pipe, Aldyl-A, which is prone to cracking. PG&E has 1,231 miles of the pipe in its system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roughly six weeks earlier, \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Plastic-natural-gas-pipe-failure-data-kept-secret-2308629.php\" target=\"_blank\">a Cupertino condominium had been destroyed\u003c/a>, in an explosion and fire caused by a gas leak due to a cracked fitting in a plastic Aldyl-A pipe. When it investigated the cause of the blast, PG&E found six other plastic pipe failures near the blast site, records show.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10568615\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/Bernardus_Site-Photos-from-Everett_Medium-Resolution_04-17-15-17317.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10568615\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/Bernardus_Site-Photos-from-Everett_Medium-Resolution_04-17-15-17317-800x532.jpg\" alt=\"Former California Public Utilities Commission President Michael Peevey and PG&E executive Brian Cherry made dinner plans at the Bernardus Lodge & Spa, shown here, in October of 2011.\" width=\"800\" height=\"532\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/Bernardus_Site-Photos-from-Everett_Medium-Resolution_04-17-15-17317-800x532.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/Bernardus_Site-Photos-from-Everett_Medium-Resolution_04-17-15-17317-400x266.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/Bernardus_Site-Photos-from-Everett_Medium-Resolution_04-17-15-17317-960x639.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/Bernardus_Site-Photos-from-Everett_Medium-Resolution_04-17-15-17317.jpg 1100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Former California Public Utilities Commission President Michael Peevey and PG&E executive Brian Cherry made dinner plans at the Bernardus Lodge & Spa, shown here, in October of 2011. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Bernardus Lodge & Spa)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In response to Cherry's email, Peevey thanked Cherry for the update. Then the CPUC president moved onto another topic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“See you for dinner Sunday night,” he wrote. “Where and when? Are you bringing Charlie's Angels too?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cherry responded: “7:30 at Marinus in the Bernardus Lodge in the Carmel Valley. About 20 minutes or so from Monterey but well worth the drive. We can make it earlier if you wish.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He added, “Some angels may attend.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/angelstext.png\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-10568675\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/angelstext.png\" alt=\"angelstext\" width=\"796\" height=\"357\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/angelstext.png 796w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/angelstext-400x179.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 796px) 100vw, 796px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Sunday night\" would have marked the start of the annual meeting of the The Conference of California Public Utility Counsel (CCPUC) at the Monterey Plaza Hotel. The nonprofit organization, which describes itself on the web as a “non-profit mutual benefit corporation,” has representatives from PG&E and other utilities on its board of directors. According to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ccpuc.org/Past_Events?action=setup_form&formID=57\" target=\"_blank\">conference agenda\u003c/a>, Peevey was scheduled to speak at the conference on Monday, Oct. 24, 2011.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The conference itinerary shows that the evening activity on Sunday, Oct. 23 was a group activity –- attendees would be treated to a “reception and strolling dinner” at the Monterey Bay Aquarium from 7 to 9:30 p.m. But this email thread suggests Peevey and Cherry had other plans. The Bernardus Lodge & Spa is a luxury facility often booked for off-site corporate retreats, according to its website.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While it’s unclear who, or what, the men were referring to when they discussed whether “Charlie’s Angels” would attend, at the very least the detail illustrates close enough ties for them to share a mutual understanding about a coded phrase. Attempts to reach Cherry and Peevey by phone were unsuccessful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.scribd.com/embeds/269090620/content?start_page=1&view_mode=scroll&show_recommendations=true\" data-auto-height=\"false\" data-aspect-ratio=\"undefined\" scrolling=\"no\" id=\"doc_59557\" width=\"100%\" height=\"600\" frameborder=\"0\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>3) \u003ca name=\"seaRanch\">\u003c/a>“Sea Ranch over Thanksgiving” -- Nov. 24, 2010\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Nov. 24, 2010, about six weeks after the San Bruno pipeline explosion, PG&E’s Brian Cherry emailed CPUC President Mike Peevey with some good news -- plus an invitation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10568674\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 796px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/thanksgivingtext.png\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-10568674\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/thanksgivingtext.png\" alt=\"“Mike – FYI. Fish and Game letter on Manzana. Very positive,” he wrote. “Also – Sara and I will be in Sea Ranch over Thanksgiving. We’d be happy to have you and Carol [Peevey’s wife, Democratic Sen. Carol Liu] over for drinks or dinner if you are free. I’ve got plenty of great wine to drink.”\" width=\"796\" height=\"260\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/thanksgivingtext.png 796w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/thanksgivingtext-400x131.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 796px) 100vw, 796px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">“Mike – FYI. Fish and Game letter on Manzana. Very positive,” he wrote. “Also – Sara and I will be in Sea Ranch over Thanksgiving. We’d be happy to have you and Carol [Peevey’s wife, Democratic Sen. Carol Liu] over for drinks or dinner if you are free. I’ve got plenty of great wine to drink.”\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Less than an hour later, Peevey responded. “Thanks for the offer but all tied up with family. Next time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Records show that while Peevey at that time declined Cherry’s invitation to the Sonoma County vacation spot, he took him up on similar offers on other occasions. The men shared “\u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-puc-scandal-20141009-story.html\" target=\"_blank\">two bottles of good pinot\u003c/a>” over Memorial Day weekend in 2010, for example, while they discussed renewable energy, gas rate increases and a ballot measure campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, “Manzana” refers to PG&E’s proposed \u003ca href=\"http://www.pge.com/about/newsroom/newsreleases/20091203/pge_agrees_to_purchase_and_operate_major_california_wind_energy_project.shtml\" target=\"_blank\">Manzana Wind Project\u003c/a> in Kern County’s Tehachapi region, a $911 million, 246-megawatt renewable energy project that PG&E proposed in late 2009 and was then before the commission for approval. The California Department of Fish and Wildlife had reviewed the project’s environmental impacts out of concern that the wind turbines \u003ca href=\"http://www.forbes.com/sites/toddwoody/2012/01/04/revival-of-iconic-california-condor-threatens-states-wind-farm-boom/\" target=\"_blank\">could kill endangered California condors\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier that year, Cherry had emailed Peevey with information from PG&E’s investor relations division, citing a report from a Deutsche Bank financial analyst about the Manzana project. “Analysts are tracking Manzana … closely,” that email noted, with bankers considering it one of “the largest upcoming cases for the rest of the year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the Manzana project never came to fruition. An independent review by the CPUC’s Division of Ratepayer Advocates ultimately found that the wind project would have left customers bearing “significant risk and an unreasonable price tag.” The commission ultimately denied PG&E’s application.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.scribd.com/embeds/269091741/content?start_page=1&view_mode=scroll&show_recommendations=true\" data-auto-height=\"false\" data-aspect-ratio=\"undefined\" scrolling=\"no\" id=\"doc_58078\" width=\"100%\" height=\"600\" frameborder=\"0\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>4) \u003ca name=\"Jellystone\">\u003c/a>“Can you guys help me with this?” -- Sept. 12, 2010\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only three days had passed since the fatal San Bruno pipeline explosion. With images of the blaze still fresh in the media, the CPUC issued a press release to outline its planned response.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State and federal investigations were already underway. In an open memo, then-CPUC President Michael Peevey directed then-Executive Director Paul Clanon to compel PG&E to survey its lines for gas leaks. He demanded an inquiry into PG&E’s spending on pipeline safety and promised, “We are taking immediate action.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that same afternoon, Peevey emailed Clanon with a different request entirely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“First thing tomorrow,” he wrote, “See if you can schedule Darbee and Johns in my office at 2 PM Thursday.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He was referring to PG&E's then-CEO Peter Darbee and then-President Chris Johns. Clanon immediately forwarded the request to two PG&E executives, including Vice President of Regulatory Affairs Brian Cherry, asking, “Can you guys help me with this?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10568681\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/SB-explosion.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10568681\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/SB-explosion-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"Chimneys remain during a massive fire in a residential neighborhood in September 2010 in San Bruno.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/SB-explosion-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/SB-explosion-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/SB-explosion.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/SB-explosion-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Chimneys remain during a massive fire in a residential neighborhood in September 2010 in San Bruno. \u003ccite>(Max Whittaker/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Under many circumstances, a meeting between Peevey, a key decision-maker, and PG&E’s top brass about a matter under investigation would be a violation of state regulations designed to ensure fair dealing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under state law, contact between decision-makers and interested parties held outside the formal public process are known as ex parte communications. Whether they take the form of face-to-face meetings, texts or emails, these communications are subject to detailed regulations. And when a formal investigation is involved -- designated as an “adjudicatory proceeding” since commissioners act in the capacity of a judge -- no ex parte contact is allowed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nevertheless, CPUC spokesperson Constance Gordon told KQED that this particular meeting did not violate ex parte rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The investigation that began immediately following PG&E’s pipeline rupture was a staff investigation,” Gordon said, “not a formal investigation opened by a vote of the Commissioners,” which came later. “As such, ex parte rules would not apply.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the meeting arrangements were made, Clanon switched to a lighter topic: “How was Jellystone?” he asked Cherry, a possible reference to Yellowstone National Park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Amazing,” Cherry responded. “Saw so much wildlife. But it snowed the other day and I brought shorts!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cherry urged Clanon to plan his own vacation there. Meanwhile not 72 hours had passed since the fatal San Bruno pipeline explosion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Things keep coming up at my work,” Clanon responded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Uh. Yes,” Cherry shot back. “You have a challenging job. Guess that’s why they pay you the big bucks.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.scribd.com/embeds/269090271/content?start_page=1&view_mode=scroll&access_key=key-GgrivqLXfuWWWUDiHNXu&show_recommendations=true\" data-auto-height=\"false\" data-aspect-ratio=\"0.7586206896551724\" scrolling=\"no\" id=\"doc_42402\" width=\"100%\" height=\"600\" frameborder=\"0\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>5) \u003ca name=\"anyThoughts\">\u003c/a>“Any thoughts – non-attributed of course?” — Oct. 20, 2010\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Four years worth of emails show that former PG&E executive\u003cbr>\nBrian Cherry and former CPUC Executive Director Paul Clanon consulted with each other hundreds of times. While the below emails are not illegal, they are good examples of how Cherry and Clanon often bounced ideas off of each other or problem-solved together. On Oct. 20, 2010, Clanon wrote to Cherry:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What are we going to do about the San Bruno demand that the pipeline be moved? I can certainly understand on the human level why they'd want that, even though it might not make a lot of operational or design sense.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cherry responded, “We are struggling with that. There are a couple different re-routes ... Between you and me, I think we should repair 132 temporarily while offering up a longer-term solution involving re-routing. … Any thoughts - non-attributed of course ?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clanon did have an idea on how PG&E could “frame” moving the pipeline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think the way to frame the pipe-replacement issue is not to think of it as Line 132, but to think of it as, what, two or three miles?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next week, then-PG&E President Chris Johns \u003ca href=\"http://www.cpuc.ca.gov/NR/rdonlyres/339C7284-F731-46B1-BB51-8A1D86B3BE0A/0/20101027134941.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">released a statement\u003c/a> pledging to move the pipeline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The section of Line 132 that exploded was not repaired in the end. PG&E \u003ca href=\"http://www.rebuildcrestmoor.org/files/managed/Document/221/Line%20132_109%20Alignment.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">rerouted\u003c/a> the transmission line so that the gas now flows through Line 109 at San Andreas Station and returns to Line 132 at Healy Station, both in San Bruno.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright pullquote\">'Any thoughts — non-attributed of course?'\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Former PG&E executive Brian Cherry\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The CPUC had ordered PG&E to examine shutoff valves. In the same email, Cherry said that the agency had identified more than 200 valves that needed to be replaced. However, he was concerned that there would be a public outcry if he released that number.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we tell you the number of valves that have been identified and don't have these kinds of estimates, everyone will demand immediate replacement - which just can't be done for a variety of reasons.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clanon responded to Cherry: “Yeah, cost and time estimates for the valves are crucial.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E's lack of automatic shutoff valves had come under scrutiny by federal officials at the time. National Transportation Safety Board officials found that it took the utility almost 95 minutes to shut off the gas rushing from the ruptured San Bruno pipeline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keith Slibasager, PG&E’s gas system operations manager, testified during the NTSB’s public hearing on the San Bruno explosion that the company could have cut the gas within 20 minutes if the utility had installed automatic valves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://www.ntsb.gov/investigations/AccidentReports/Reports/PAR1101.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">2006 PG&E memo\u003c/a> shows that PG&E considered installing automatic safety valves, but did not. A PG&E senior gas-consulting engineer, Chi-hung Lee Sr., wrote in the memo that he found most of the damage from a pipeline explosion occurs within 30 seconds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The engineer later testified at the NTSB hearing that his research was limited. The Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration and other safety groups had reached different conclusions about shutoff valves. Federal safety officials have suggested, but not required, the use of automatic shutoff valves since 1999. PG&E officials acknowledged at the hearing that after Lee's memo they made no effort to further install the valves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the San Bruno explosion, PG&E has installed 208 automated valves that the utility can shut off remotely from a control room and 14 automatic shutoff valves that can shut themselves off in areas where transmission pipelines cross major fault lines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.scribd.com/embeds/269090994/content?start_page=1&view_mode=scroll&show_recommendations=true\" data-auto-height=\"false\" data-aspect-ratio=\"undefined\" scrolling=\"no\" id=\"doc_43929\" width=\"100%\" height=\"600\" frameborder=\"0\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>6) \u003ca name=\"paralellUniverses\">\u003c/a>“We live in parallel universes…” — Jan. 10, 2011\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2008, PG&E purposely boosted pressure on the San Bruno natural gas line to 400 pounds per square inch, the maximum legal limit. Normally, the line ran at 375 psi.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next time the pressure on that gas line exceeded 375 psi was on Sept. 9, 2010, when a malfunction spiked the pressure to 386 psi, coinciding with the deadly explosion in San Bruno killing eight people and destroying 28 homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E later said they increased the pressure in 2008 under a mistaken understanding of federal law. The utility believed that to maintain the ability to run gas at 400 psi, the legal limit, they needed to do so once every five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/PG-E-surge-may-have-stressed-San-Bruno-line-in-08-2478734.php\" target=\"_blank\">San Francisco Chronicle investigation\u003c/a> published on Jan. 9, 2011, revealed that the earlier pressure surge could have weakened the pipeline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E and CPUC officials referenced the story the next day, Jan. 10. At 9:35 a.m. Paul Clanon, then-executive director of the California Public Utilities Commission, wrote to senior CPUC staff asking about the spike:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Chronicle's story on the 2008 temporary rise in pressure on Line 132 to 400 psi doesn't match what I've heard. What are the facts? Is it standard practice or not to raise pressure up to MAOP [maximum allowable operating pressure] to preserve the maximum? Is 2008 really the only time PG&E has raised pressure on that line above 375 until the explosion?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 30 minutes later he contacted former PG&E executive Brian Cherry: “What are your guys saying about the facts in the Chron story yesterday? Contradicted my understanding of the rules, anyway.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10568621\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/Paul-Clanon-e1434683647732.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10568621\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/Paul-Clanon-800x602.jpg\" alt=\"Paul Clanon speaks at a September 28, 2010 Senate committee hearing on gas pipeline safety. \" width=\"800\" height=\"602\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Paul Clanon speaks at a September 28, 2010 Senate committee hearing on gas pipeline safety. \u003ccite>(Alex Wong/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Two minutes later Cherry shared his confusion: “Not sure. Let me follow up. I was under the same understanding.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clanon wrote back at 10:48: “Our guys are doing the same thing, and you and I can triangulate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is not standard practice for utilities to raise pressure on transmission lines, and federal law requires utilities to conduct a costly inspection on any pipeline when the pressure exceeds the maximum limit. PG&E had not conducted such an inspection, nor did Clanon ask if they had in the emails released.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By 4:53 p.m. Cherry and Clanon began to be concerned that neither PG&E nor CPUC staff could come up with an answer about whether such pressure spiking on a gas line was a normal practice. The two sympathized with each other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clanon wrote Cherry: “Nothing back yet?” Cherry responded “Nothing yet…” and later “We live in parallel universes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About an hour later, Clanon had received research from CPUC staff and wanted to run it by Cherry:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Here's what I get from my people. You agree? Follows: PG&E raises the pressure in transmission lines to MAOP once every five years based on its conservative interpretation of 192.917(e)(4)…”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next day, \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/PG-E-halts-intentional-gas-line-pressure-spikes-2478613.php\" target=\"_blank\">a Chronicle story\u003c/a> included a statement from a PG&E spokesperson that was very similar to what Clanon had written. “PG&E initially said it had conducted the pressure test on the San Bruno line to ‘preserve’ the pipe's legal capacity, saying federal law required it. A spokesman later backtracked and conceded there was no such requirement.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CPUC spokesperson Constance Gordon says that Clanon and Cherry were discussing each other's understanding of the rules, so \"if PG&E had a different understanding than that of CPUC staff the issue could be further discussed.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Utility Reform Network is one of PG&E’s sharpest critics. TURN spokesperson Mindy Spatt said such conversations are concerning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Well, it’s a question of whether the commission should be a watchdog or a lapdog. A watchdog would say, wait a minute PG&E what’s going on here? And a lapdog would say, let’s coordinate our message.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.scribd.com/embeds/269089050/content?start_page=1&view_mode=scroll&show_recommendations=true\" data-auto-height=\"false\" data-aspect-ratio=\"undefined\" scrolling=\"no\" id=\"doc_86669\" width=\"100%\" height=\"600\" frameborder=\"0\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>7) \u003ca name=\"investorRelations\">\u003c/a>“Investor relations” — Sept. 26, 2011\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An email exchange between Commissioner Mark Ferron and PG&E’s Brian Cherry shows Ferron sought advice from PG&E on which Wall Street analysts he should meet with privately on a trip to New York.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Mark,” Cherry wrote to Ferron in a Sept. 26, 2011 email, “Commissioner Florio was over at PG&E the other day and mentioned that you might need some help meeting with the buy and sell side analysts in New York. If you are interested, Gabe Togneri, our VP of Investor Relations, would be happy to reach out to some of them and have them sponsor a meeting. Our only role would be to make the contact. The analysts would sponsor the meetings themselves and you would meet with them privately.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ferron responded: “[PG&E CEO] Tony Earley … highlighted Dan Ford at Barclays Capital as a thought leader worthwhile meeting if I can find the time. Who else might Gabe recommend?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While there’s no record here of Ferron discussing the proposed San Bruno penalty with Ford, the Barclays analyst was clearly focused on that question.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In September 2012, Ford authored a report noting that PG&E would have difficulty raising $2.2 billion in equity to cover the expected San Bruno fine amount. (The actual penalty amount, finally determined on April 9 this year, was set at $1.6 billion.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in \u003ca href=\"http://www.ocregister.com/articles/california-530091-puc-state.html\" target=\"_blank\">a report authored by Ferron\u003c/a>, made public in October 2013, the commissioner related investors’ concerns that levying too large a fine against PG&E would cause them to view California as a “capital-unfriendly, ‘banana republic.’” That could lead to an increase in the cost of financing capital for utilities, warned Ferron, who had worked at Deutsche Bank prior to being appointed as a commissioner in March 2011.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ferron stepped down as a commissioner in 2014, citing health problems. CPUC spokesperson Constance Gordon said she was unable to offer comment on emails sent by individuals who no longer worked at the commission. Attempts to reach Ferron were unsuccessful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The question as to whether commissioners had inappropriate ex parte communications with Wall Street analysts was raised in a brief filed by the CPUC’s Division of Ratepayer Advocates. (Since renamed Office of Ratepayer Advocates).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some, if not all, of the financial industry representatives who reported discussing the San Bruno investigations with Commission offices represent firms or clients with a financial interest in PG&E Corporation,” the CPUC’s consumer advocacy branch pointed out. “The size of the fine and other penalties the Commission may impose in the San Bruno Investigations is a substantive issue in all three [CPUC] investigations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.scribd.com/embeds/269089048/content?start_page=1&view_mode=scroll&access_key=key-Mn9jh61Mxr2k4WEJWObu&show_recommendations=true\" data-auto-height=\"false\" data-aspect-ratio=\"0.7586206896551724\" scrolling=\"no\" id=\"doc_86425\" width=\"100%\" height=\"600\" frameborder=\"0\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>8) \u003ca name=\"happyBirthday\">\u003c/a>“Happy Birthday!” — Sept. 16, 2010\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was 7 a.m. on Sept. 16, 2010, one week after the San Bruno pipeline explosion. CPUC executive director Paul Clanon emailed PG&E’s Brian Cherry with a simple message in the subject line: “Happy Birthday!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Thanks,” Cherry replied. He shared his birthday wish. “I’d love a nice muzzle for Mark Toney.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mark Toney is executive director of The Utility Reform Network (TURN), a leading critic of PG&E.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10568624\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/Mark-Toney.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-10568624\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/Mark-Toney.jpg\" alt=\"Mark Toney, executive director of consumer advocacy group The Utility Reform Network, was the target of an unkind remark in an email from a PG&E executive to the regulatory agency director.\" width=\"600\" height=\"420\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/Mark-Toney.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/Mark-Toney-400x280.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mark Toney, executive director of consumer advocacy group The Utility Reform Network, was the target of an unkind remark in an email from a PG&E executive to the regulatory agency director. \u003ccite>(Courtesy The Utility Reform Network)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As for why Cherry would have wanted a “muzzle” for Toney, TURN spokesperson Mindy Spatt told KQED that Toney had issued a public statement about customer safety just before this exchange took place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He was saying: Demand that PG&E put customer safety first – that is the message that PG&E wanted muzzled, a message that said ‘no more San Brunos,’” Spatt said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Sept. 15, Cherry had emailed Clanon to tell him then-PG&E CEO Peter Darbee believed “TURN’s behavior \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/PG-E-targeted-critics-after-San-Bruno-blast-6054156.php\" target=\"_blank\">has bordered on the irresponsible\u003c/a>.” He wondered whether the CPUC would be willing to make a statement publicly discounting TURN’s claims. While it’s not clear from the emails how Clanon reacted to this request, his email reply to Cherry was: “Call me when you can.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was actually six days after the fatal San Bruno explosion that Brian Cherry referred to TURN’s behavior as irresponsible,” Spatt said when asked about this. “His company has just killed eight people and incinerated an entire neighborhood.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.scribd.com/embeds/269090899/content?start_page=1&view_mode=scroll&show_recommendations=true\" data-auto-height=\"false\" data-aspect-ratio=\"undefined\" scrolling=\"no\" id=\"doc_38056\" width=\"100%\" height=\"600\" frameborder=\"0\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>9) \u003ca href=\"jerryBrown\">“Get this info to Brown”\u003c/a> -- Jan. 11, 2011\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While it’s obvious why a major utility company would be concerned that its stock had been downgraded, it’s not as clear why a commissioner would care. Upon learning about a financial downgrade, then-CPUC president Michael Peevey recommended that PG&E find a way to indirectly alert Gov. Jerry Brown, who was then in the process of determining new commission appointments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The email thread begins Jan. 11, 2011, when PG&E’s Brian Cherry forwarded Peevey a message from PG&E’s investor relations division about a financial analyst’s report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Citigroup downgraded … PG&E,” the email explained. The note showed that analysts feared “uncertainty and potential shifting dynamics in the regulatory arena.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response, Peevey wrote in an email to Cherry: “You should find a way to get this info to Brown as he makes his decisions on Commissioners ASAP. Probably best coming from a non-utility source, such as investment banker(s).”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When asked why Peevey would provide this advice, CPUC spokesperson Constance Gordon responded, “The questions you’ve asked involve individuals who are no longer with the CPUC, so we cannot ask them your questions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.scribd.com/embeds/269091157/content?start_page=1&view_mode=scroll&show_recommendations=true\" data-auto-height=\"false\" data-aspect-ratio=\"undefined\" scrolling=\"no\" id=\"doc_69098\" width=\"100%\" height=\"600\" frameborder=\"0\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>10. \u003ca href=\"prozac\">“Prozac might be a solution!”\u003c/a> -- June 4, 2010\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E officials had no idea what they were getting into when the utility began installing smart meters in California in 2006. Smart meters are a critical component of the \"smart grid” -- the devices track energy usage and transmit data back to customers and utilities, with the goal of reducing electricity consumption and distributing power more efficiently across the electric grid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smart meters faced an almost \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/climatewatch/2010/03/10/the-backlash-against-smartmeters/\" target=\"_blank\">immediate backlash\u003c/a>. Users first complained that the devices gave artificially high readings. Later the \u003ca href=\"https://www.scribd.com/doc/269092309/Smart-Meter-Investigation-Findings-by-CPUC\" target=\"_blank\">CPUC found\u003c/a> that about 1,480 meters inaccurately recorded electricity consumption in ambient temperatures ranging from 100– 115 degrees Fahrenheit due to a defective chip. Nevertheless, \u003ca href=\"http://docs.cpuc.ca.gov/EFILE/RULINGS/122935.PDF\" target=\"_blank\">a study\u003c/a> conducted by an independent consultant, The Structure Group, determined that the meters generally functioned as intended.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Next, consumer advocacy groups, including TURN, \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/climatewatch/2010/06/13/dumbfounded-by-smartmeters/\" target=\"_blank\">raised concerns\u003c/a> that the meters would harm people like seniors who sometimes have no choice but to run their air conditioners in the sweltering Central Valley. TURN also noted that with smart meters, PG&E could simply turn off people’s power if they couldn’t keep up with the bills. Privacy advocates expressed concern about utilities gaining access to information about their use of personal home appliances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10568672\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/4-43EMF_300.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-10568672\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/4-43EMF_300.jpg\" alt=\"A sign from a smart meter protest in 2010.\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A sign from a smart meter protest in 2010. \u003ccite>(Amy Standen/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The biggest battle over smart meters, though, centered on electromagnetic fields (EMFs) emitted by smart meters. The possible health effects of EMFs have been a subject of debate since the \u003ca href=\"http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,918076,00.html\" target=\"_blank\">Cold War\u003c/a>, and fear has intensified in the wireless age with the introduction of countless devices that emit EMFs, such as cellphones, laptops and Wi-Fi routers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/radiation/magnetic-fields-fact-sheet\" target=\"_blank\">The National Institutes of Health’s National Cancer Institute\u003c/a> says that “several early epidemiologic studies raised the possibility of an association between certain cancers, especially childhood cancers, and ELF-EMFs. Most subsequent studies have not shown such an association.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike high-energy radiation emitted from devices like X-rays, low-energy emissions from devices like smart meters cannot damage DNA or cells directly, the NIH writes. \u003ca href=\"http://www.who.int/peh-emf/research/en/\" target=\"_blank\">The World Health Organization concluded\u003c/a> that low-energy emissions cause “no substantive health issues.” Smart-meter emissions are 60 times lower than the federal health guidelines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>EMF activists remain concerned, however, about the accumulated exposure people face from being surrounded by so many low-emission devices. And they’ve flooded the CPUC and PG&E with complaints.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By June 4, 2010, Carol Brown, then-CPUC President Michael Peevey’s chief-of-staff, wanted an answer for the people contacting her about EMFs. She wrote to then-PG&E executive Brian Cherry: “So far I have done OK just listening to the sad tales of EMF poisoning - and telling them thank you for bringing it to our attention - but then not offering them any solution!!! I just wanted to have a resource in case! Have a nice weekend.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cherry responded: “Prozac might be a solution!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, cities, including San Francisco, began petitioning the CPUC to make smart meters optional.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Peevey recommended to Cherry in an email in September 2010 that PG&E consider making the meters optional:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One thought for the company: If it were my decision I would let anyone who wants to keep their old meter keep it, if they claim they suffer from EMF and/or related electronic-related illnesses and they can produce a doctor's letter saying so (or expressing concern about the likelihood of suffering same). I would institute such a policy quietly and solely on an individual basis. There really are people who feel pain, etc., related to EMF, etc., and rather than have them becoming hysterical, etc., I would quietly leave them alone. Kick it around. And, it sounds like the company may already have taken this step, based on a couple of the comments at yesterday's public hearing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cherry said that he would consider it: “I do worry that this policy, no matter how discrete (sic) we try to make it, will surface and town councils and cities in our territory will ask for similar treatment. That said, we will take the matter up and get back to you with our feedback.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In March 2011, PG&E proposed allowing smart meter users to opt out. The CPUC approved that plan in February 2012. Customers who opt out of the program must pay an initial fee and monthly charge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.scribd.com/embeds/269089051/content?start_page=1&view_mode=scroll&show_recommendations=true\" data-auto-height=\"false\" data-aspect-ratio=\"undefined\" scrolling=\"no\" id=\"doc_26891\" width=\"100%\" height=\"600\" frameborder=\"0\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca name=\"whatHappened\">\u003c/a>Where Are They Now?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Brian Cherry\u003c/strong>, PG&E’s vice president of regulatory affairs, was fired from PG&E in September of 2014, after inappropriate email exchanges came to light.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Thomas Bottorff\u003c/strong>, PG&E’s senior vice president of regulatory affairs and Cherry’s boss, was fired along with Cherry. According to a San Jose Mercury News article he was to receive a severance payment totaling more than $1 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Chris Johns\u003c/strong>, president of PG&E, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/05/27/pge-president-to-retire-as-utility-faces-mounting-scrutiny\" target=\"_blank\">announced several weeks\u003c/a> ago that he would retire by the end of the year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Michael Peevey\u003c/strong>, president of the California Public Utilities Commission, stepped down from his role after his term came to an end in December of 2014. Peevey came under fire for inappropriate email exchanges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Paul Clanon\u003c/strong>, executive director of the California Public Utilities Commission, announced at the end of December that he would retire to study music.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mark Ferron\u003c/strong>, former commissioner at the California Public Utilities Commission, resigned in December of 2014 due to health problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Carol Brown\u003c/strong>, former commission president Peevey’s chief of staff, stepped down in the wake of revelations that she had agreed to intervene on a judge appointment for a case involving PG&E. Despite news reports that she might return to the agency as an administrative law judge, a CPUC spokesperson confirmed to KQED that Brown has retired.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Michael Florio\u003c/strong>, who was also entangled in the judge-shopping scandal, remains as a commissioner at the California Public Utilities Commission.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/10564656/10-emails-detail-pges-cozy-relationship-with-its-regulators","authors":["3231","199"],"programs":["news_6944"],"categories":["news_19906","news_6188","news_8","news_13"],"tags":["news_1066","news_140","news_18235"],"featImg":"news_10568610","label":"news_6944","isLoading":false,"hasAllInfo":true}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.","airtime":"THU 10pm, FRI 1am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Commonwealth Club of California"},"link":"/radio/program/commonwealth-club","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"}},"considerthis":{"id":"considerthis","title":"Consider This","tagline":"Make sense of the day","info":"Make sense of the day. Every weekday afternoon, Consider This helps you consider the major stories of the day in less than 15 minutes, featuring the reporting and storytelling resources of NPR. 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