On palliative care and the treatment of suffering
That's why I think hospice and palliative medicine is so interesting. You don't just treat pain. You treat suffering. Suffering is a multiheaded beast. ... Basically palliative care is the treatment of suffering, versus the rest of medicine as the treatment of disease. ...
So what is suffering? Well, suffering, there's a lot of different ways to define it. Cicely Saunders, the grandmother of hospice work, she called it "total pain." That [it has] a physical component, a psychological and emotional component, a spiritual component. It's a multiheaded entity. One might say it affects how you see yourself. It affects your identity. I've come to understand suffering as a wedge — a gap that opens up in you. The gap between the world you have and the world you want. So, it gets at your desire, it gets at your longing, it gets at what you're lacking.
On finding the balance between life and death, and joy and sorrow
Coming out of the back side of the experience of my own injuries, my own brush with death, etc., I came out of there eventually holding life much more loosely. So it didn't teach me to cling to life with my fingernails, that that was the way through. It taught me some adult trick of simultaneously holding on to opposing emotions. ...
Grief does this. But anyone who's dealt with pain — chronic pain — when the clouds part even for a moment and you have the absence of pain, it's a stunning feeling. I remember feeling that I really wanted to stay close to that interface between joy and sorrow, between pain and pleasure, between life and death. It felt like such a rich, rich place that I had been forced into. I had to hang out there for a while, but I became a little enamored of it, because from there I could just as easily get to sorrow as I could get to joy. And that to me has felt like a kind of a dexterity or an agility, something very good. ... So death is close by, pain is close by — so is the rest of life. So is the good stuff. That zone, it helps me imagine what my patients are going through, being close to death.
On how he helps his patients with both their fear of dying and their fear of being dead
Fear helps point to the things that you care about, the things you love, the things you're afraid to lose. Fear is a big important subject and really requires and demands looking at. The sooner we do, the better, because oftentimes it's not so darn scary. ... It's helpful when patients will confess some fear to me. ... People say, "Actually I'm afraid of the pain I imagine is going to happen during the dying process." So the fear of dying, the fear of the dying process. That's an important distinction, because any hospice and palliative medicine team can do a lot to quell the pain and the sorrow that happens during the dying process. We have medications. We have ways of being with each other. We have ways of positioning your body. There's all sorts of things to do, so suffering is not necessarily part of the dying process. And there's a lot of reassurance. ... We understand that process pretty well, and there's a lot we can do. So that's an important distinction. That's pretty concrete. That's knowable.
Now, some of my patients will say, "That's one thing. But I'm actually afraid of being dead. I'm afraid of being in the ground. I'm afraid of what comes next or whatever else." Then my response, of course, is, "Well, gosh, I don't know what that's like either. But let's think about it. Let's talk about it." And when we push on that one, I think most of us can get to a place where we realize that we're not just our bodies — and our bodies, once they're dead, aren't likely to be feeling anything.
But when you push on that one, you can open up [about] what is known as [the] modern acronym of FOMO — fear of missing out. That's very often at the heart of people's fear of being dead — like all that they're going to miss. And this idea that the world is going to continue on without them, all the things they're not going to get to see, etc. But if you go there, then what has that done? That has pointed us very squarely to all the things we love and care about. And then that becomes a nice compass for our way forward, how we're going to live until we die. The fear there, the things we are afraid to miss, are the things we really should uptick in terms of our attention now.
Sam Briger and Joel Wolfram produced and edited this interview for broadcast. Bridget Bentz, Molly Seavy-Nesper and Deborah Franklin adapted it for the Web.
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