A beloved volunteer at an adult assisted-living center. A dad who would always "find the funny" in tough situations. A volunteer firefighter who died far from home while battling a blaze in the North Bay. A couple who had celebrated 75 years together.
They were among the 44 people who perished in the series of monstrous, wind-driven wildfires that brought death and destruction to huge swaths of Northern California, devastating communities in Mendocino, Napa, Sonoma and Yuba counties. On this final day of 2017, as we look back on the year and a tragedy that touched so many, we remember those who died, the lives they lived and those they touched along the way.
Here are their stories.
Karen Aycock: 'She Had a Big Heart, Was Always There to Help'
Karen Aycock, a former construction worker who lived alone in Santa Rosa in her Coffey Park home with her cats, died in the Tubbs Fire that devastated the neighborhood.
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When Aycock’s niece, Victoria Rilling, learned of her aunt’s death, she felt “heartbreak, utter dismay,” she told The Press Democrat. She was also thankful for the efforts to locate Aycock. “They didn’t give up. Their perseverance is phenomenal.”
Aycock volunteered with animal rescue groups and her cats meant the world to her, Chad Hinden, a former roommate, told the San Francisco Chronicle. She was shy “but she had a big heart,” he said. “If you needed anything, she’d always be there to help you.”
Michel Azarian: A Creative, Globetrotting Engineer With ‘the Kindest Heart’
Michel Azarian, 41, died on Nov. 26 at UC Davis Medical Center from extensive burns he suffered when the Tubbs Fire trapped him outside his home on the outskirts of Santa Rosa.
People who knew him describe Azarian as a natural engineer -- his mind was the right mix of creative and analytical. His talents brought him from tragedy in war-torn Lebanon to the United States, Silicon Valley and eventually Santa Rosa.
Azarian’s father and uncle were killed in the mid-1980s during the Lebanese civil war, his friend Khachik Papanyan said in a phone interview. The family business was destroyed in a bombing.
Azarian helped his mother rebuild and worked in a shop selling bedding in his hometown of Zahle, Lebanon, but he dreamed of attending the American University of Beirut.
Read more about Michel Azarian
He found out the only way he’d have a shot at getting in was an exceptionally high SAT score.
“He was a smart enough guy where he was able to get an amazing score on the test and get admitted,” Papanyan said. “However, that wasn’t enough. They didn’t have enough funds to cover the tuition for the first year.”
Azarian sold land left to him by his father, invested, and sold again, eventually generating enough money to cover his first year’s tuition. He majored in electrical engineering and started earning scholarships.
In 2002, Azarian was recruited to work for National Instruments in Austin, Texas, where he met Papanyan.
“We went to an event, actually a lecture about Greek architecture, and somehow I think I asked a question related to Armenia,” Papanyan said. Azarian, whose father was Armenian, approached Papanyan after the lecture. “That’s how we struck our friendship in Austin, and we’ve been best friends since then.”
Azarian spent eight years in Austin, designing radio technology and other wireless circuitry.
“He was extremely gifted when it came to problem-solving,” said Papanyan, who worked for Dell at the time. “The regular puzzles it would take me a day to solve, he could solve it in the blink of an eye.”
Outside of work, Azarian’s passions led him away from circuit boards and into nature. Papanyan said his friend was elated when he got a new job -- for Linear Technology -- and moved to San Jose in 2014.
“He loved to travel. He loved photography. He loved hiking quite a bit,” Papanyan said. He added that Azarian told him he’d hiked almost every weekend in Silicon Valley and “never had to repeat a trail.”
But he left a community of friends in Texas, including one associated with the Armenian Church of Austin.
“For those of you who had the pleasure of knowing Michel, he had the kindest heart and an incredible lust for life,” wrote Mihran Aroian, parish council chairman for the church, in an announcement of Azarian’s death. “He was also an active globetrotter and a brilliant photographer. He had a robust appreciation both for the quiet beauty in nature, along with fun adventures and laughter with friends.”
Azarian’s Instagram feed contains a mix of landscape photography, vibrant natural close-ups and some urban/architectural shots. Papanyan said the bulk of Azarian’s photos are believed to have been stored on his home computer, destroyed in the fire.
He moved to Santa Rosa about two years ago, Papanyan said, and took a new job with Keysight Technologies there.
Papanyan said he wasn’t sure whether Azarian was at home on Oct. 8, the night the fires hit Santa Rosa, or if he was outdoors and trapped by the wind-whipped wall of flames that roared across the hills from Calistoga.
Either way, he couldn’t get out, and appears to have tried to take shelter in a small clearing near his home. That’s where he was discovered the next day, with severe burns on more than half his body.
“It’s just amazing that he was able to survive the whole night being surrounded by the firestorm,” Papanyan said.
Thus began some six weeks of hospital visits to Azarian’s bedside at the UC Davis Medical Center in Sacramento. Azarian couldn’t talk -- his throat was blocked by a ventilator.
“The only way he could communicate was with his hand,” Papanyan said. “He would actually write out the letters and we would try to decode what he was saying.”
A family friend went to Lebanon to bring Azarian’s mother to his bedside. She had been with him for the past few weeks, Papanyan said.
Keysight Technologies helped support his mother’s room and travel, according to friends and high-ranking executives, who joined her in Azarian’s hospital room many times.
He died Sunday, according to information from Cal Fire, UC Davis Medical Center and the Sacramento County Coroner’s Office.
“He was an intelligent, fun-loving, nature-loving guy that always had a broad smile on his face, was always there for his friends,” Papanyan said. “He’s now in the heavens, and he will be with us in our memories forever. It was an honor, a great honor, knowing him.”
Carmen Caldentey Berriz: Beloved Mother and Grandmother
Carmen Caldentey Berriz, 75, died in the arms of her husband, Armando Berriz, a man from whom she’d been inseparable since they met in Cuba when they were young. The couple, married 55 years, had been on vacation with family in Santa Rosa when the Tubbs Fire erupted.
When their car got stuck on a fallen tree as they fled, the pair decided to seek shelter in a swimming pool at the vacation home where they’d been staying. Carmen held onto Armando, who was keeping them afloat by hanging onto the sides of the pool, KTVU reported. She died in the pool.
"Everything they did was as a team," daughter Monica Ocon told KTVU. "They had this bond and this strength that literally lasted a lifetime."
Berriz, from Apple Valley in San Bernardino County, is survived by her husband; daughter Monica Ocon and her son-in-law, Luis Ocon; daughter Carmen T. Berriz; son Armando J. Berriz and daughter-in-law Catherine Berriz; and seven grandchildren, the San Francisco Chronicle reported.
“I talked to her every day,” Monica Ocon told the Chronicle. “It’s an amazing bond that I had with her. I will forever try to be like her.”
'They Were Holding Each Other': Roy and Irma Bowman of Redwood Valley
The past two years were not the easiest of Roy and Irma Bowman's more than half-century together. Roy needed triple-bypass heart surgery early in 2016, a procedure that required a long convalescence. Family members had to persuade Irma to leave his bedside to eat and sleep.
"She would spend the night there if we wouldn't have made her go home," said Elizabeth Bowman, who is married to the Bowmans' son, Gary, and lives in Medford, Oregon.
Read more about Irma and Roy Bowman
Earlier this year, Roy Bowman suffered a stroke that put him back in the hospital and left him struggling to speak.
"He knew who we were and would try to say our names," said Elizabeth Bowman. "The fact he couldn't talk was very rough on him. He would get agitated, so he worked very hard on regaining his speech.
The Bowmans — Irma was 88, Roy was 87 — were still emerging from that crisis last month when a wildfire charged across a nearby ridge and toward their home in a development set amid vineyards and oak woodlands in the Mendocino County community of Redwood Valley, north of Ukiah.
All 22 homes in the development burned in the fire early Oct. 9. The Bowmans were among nine people killed or fatally injured in a 1.5-mile-long corridor along Tomki and West roads.
"They must have been in bed," Elizabeth Bowman said. "The fire marshal told us that they were holding each other when they found their remains."
The Bowmans are remembered as intensely devoted to their family, to their churches and to each other. They had been members of the Assembly of God congregations in both Ukiah and Redwood Valley and were well-known and loved for their usually unadvertised generosity.
"They were very dedicated to the Lord and very dedicated to their church," said the Rev. Jack McMilin, pastor of the Redwood Valley Assembly of God. "Any time there was a need or any time there was a campaign for something, they always wanted to be involved as far as supporting it financially."
McMilin said that at a memorial service for the Bowmans, members of the congregation talked about how the couple had helped them with various needs -- in one case, for instance, paying the tuition for a family that was otherwise unable to send its children to a local religious school.
"When I pass away, I'd like to be that well spoken of," McMilin said. "It was pretty amazing the things people said."
Roy Howard Bowman was born in 1930, the descendant of Oregon pioneers, and graduated from Oregon State University in 1954 with a bachelor of science degree in general agriculture. He served in the Air Force, retiring with the rank of lieutenant colonel. After his military service, he worked as a soil scientist for the U.S. Department of Agriculture. He's listed as the author and editor of several Soil Conservation Service studies of California counties, including San Diego, Santa Cruz, Placer and eastern Mendocino.
Irma Elsie Wobschall was born to a German-American family in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, in 1929. She emigrated to San Diego by 1950, married, had two sons, and divorced. She later studied art at Palomar Junior College, in the northern San Diego County town of San Marcos.
Elizabeth Bowman said Irma met Roy at a square dance in San Marcos. They dated for a year or so and were married June 13, 1965. After the wedding, Roy formally adopted Irma's sons — Gary and Mark — "and gave them his name," Bowman said.
She added that her late mother-in-law was a creative force — a skilled visual artist and an accomplished baker and chef.
When Elizabeth and Gary Bowman married, "She made our wedding cake -- a four-tier wedding cake. It was wonderful -- she was very artistic and could bake anything."
Elizabeth Bowman said the family is still grappling with its grief over the deaths — a process she doesn't expect to end anytime soon.
"It's going to take time," she said. "It's going to take a long time."
George Chaney and Edward Stone Loved Traveling and Collecting Art
Napa Valley resident Don Judah said he was out on his deck sometime between 9:30 and 10 p.m. on Oct. 8 when he noticed fire coming down the ridgeline across the valley.
"I told my wife, 'Call George to get his ass out of there now,' " Judah said.
Judah's wife, Margaret, called their good friend George Chaney, 89, who lived with his lifelong partner, Edward Stone, 79, on Atlas Peak Road.
The area has a history of fires. Chaney’s shed had burned down in swept the countryside in 1981, but his house survived.
Margaret Judah got through to Chaney on the phone. He told her he couldn’t see anything. She said he and Edward would come to their house.
Fifteen minutes later, she phoned again to see if he’d left the house yet.
“He says, ‘Margaret, my house is on fire,' ” Don said. Then the line went dead.
Don and Margaret tried to get up the hill to see if they could help Chaney and Stone, their friends of nearly half a century, get out. Within a mile of their house, the fire was so intense the two had to turn back.
On Thursday, Oct. 12, Don got word from officials that George Chaney and Edward Stone had died in their home.
Read more about George Chaney and Edward Stone
Originally from Texas, Chaney moved to Napa in 1958 to work as a radiologist at the newly opened Queen of the Valley Medical Center in Napa. Don met Chaney in 1960, when Chaney hired him to work in the radiology department.
"He was an excellent physician and radiologist," Don remembered. "He just had a manner about him that was always kind of calm. He wasn’t a volatile person at all."
Don said Chaney's leadership helped keep Queen of the Valley's radiology department on the cutting edge of medical imaging technology.
"He knew where we were going, and he wanted to do the best he could for the patients," Don said.
Chaney's partner, Stone, worked for Wells Fargo Bank in San Francisco.
After Chaney and Stone retired, Don said, they spent a lot of time traveling together to Europe, Asia and Africa. Don and his wife often joined them.
"I know they really enjoyed travel," he said. "I would say the two enjoyed classical music and artwork. George had an Asian art collection with Chinese screens and Japanese sculptures."
Don said the pair had excellent senses of humor.
"The thing about most of the dear friends I have is there’s a bond you have," Don said. "Humor is what hangs us together and keeps us together."
Carol Collins-Swasey Remembered for Her 'Wicked Sense of Irreverent Humor'
Carol Collins-Swasey was known by close family and friends as an independent, strong-willed woman with a “wicked sense of irreverent humor.”
And in typical fashion, she insisted on writing her own obituary.
“She didn’t want them saying a bunch of flowery crap about her,” said Staci Peyer-Reupke, a close friend. “She just wanted it to be funny.”
“If you are reading this, I am dead,” she wrote in the obituary that her family incorporated into a larger one published in the Santa Rosa Press Democrat. “And no, I did not look this good when I checked out.”
Read more about Carol Collins-Swasey
Collins-Swasey, 76, a Santa Rosa real estate agent and former journalist, died on Oct. 9 in her Hemlock Street home near Coffey Park in the Tubbs Fire that devastated her neighborhood. Her husband of 27 years, Jim Swasey, was out of town.
Born in January 1941 in Louisville, Kentucky, Collins-Swasey grew up with three brothers, and bounced between her divorced parents’ homes in Georgia and Chicago.
In the obituary the family published, one brother remembered her as "a bit glamorous and a bit demanding, but always magic.”
Collins-Swasey went on to study journalism at the University of Iowa, and after working briefly as a journalist in Los Angeles, headed north, She eventually settled in Santa Rosa, where she lived for the remaining 30 years of her life, working as a Century 21 residential real estate agent.
“I was blessed with some talents and was successful in several professional fields,” she said in her obituary notes. But she added: “I never stayed long with anything -- jobs, houses, husbands or friends -- until moving to Sonoma County.”
Collins-Swasey was an avid traveler and a committed community volunteer, most recently helping out at Sutter Hospice Thrift Store on Sundays.
Her friend Peyer-Reupke, a regular at the thrift store, said she was drawn to Collins-Swasey’s giving nature and fun-loving personality. “I think that’s what I’m really going to miss the most,” she said. “She once told me she didn’t want a memorial service when she died. She wanted a party.”
Collins-Swasey underscored that wish in her obituary notes: “Instead of feeling obligated to attend a memorial service -- and there won't be one -- contribute to a charity of your choice, and give a friend an extra hug today.”
In addition to her husband and brothers, Collins-Swasey is survived by a son and multiple stepchildren.
Stanley Coolidge, a Noted Attorney Who Loved Riding a Motorcycle
Stanley Coolidge leaves behind a legacy as a noted attorney, loving father and grandfather, short story writer and prolific volunteer.
According to his obituary in Marysville's Appeal Democrat, Coolidge was 78 when he died at his Yuba County home in Loma Rica on Oct. 9 during the Cascade Fire. His obit reports that he was with his fiancee, Roseann Hannah, who also died in the fire.
Read more about Stanley Coolidge
Born in San Francisco on May 17, 1939, Coolidge, who went by "Stan," earned his law degree from UC Berkeley's Boalt Hall and was admitted to the bar in 1965.
Coolidge had three children. One son, Andrew Coolidge, told KRCR News that he and his father spoke nearly every other day.
"This fire was a complete tragedy," Andrew Coolidge told the television station. "It was fast and it was terrible and I know a lot of people are concerned about the property damage, but when you're dealing with losing someone close to you, losing a loved one, it really makes all of that other stuff very much not important."
Stanley Coolidge's obituary tells the story of a man who dedicated his life to volunteering and giving back to others. According to his obituary, he also loved to ride his Harley-Davidson motorcycle and was a longtime member of The Americans Motorcycle Club, which raises funds to cure childhood cancer.
A joint service was held for Coolidge and Hannah on Nov. 3 at Veterans Memorial Hall in Yuba City.
Janet Kay Costanzo was warm, smart, spunky and a real trailblazer, her friends said.
“She wanted to work a man’s job so she could make a man’s wage," said Reeah Winkle, who was 8 years old when she met Costanzo. “And that’s what she did. She drove trucks at Pac Bell, just like my dad.”
Costanzo lived in the Mendocino County community of Redwood Valley with Steve Stelter, Winkle’s father. Both died in the October wildfires that swept through Mendocino County.
Read more about Janet Kay Costanzo
Costanzo, 71, was found inside her home in Redwood Valley. Stelter, 56, was found near a vehicle. The Mendocino County Sheriff's Office said it appears he was attempting to evacuate.
Costanzo had lived in the valley for about 10 years and it suited her outdoorsy personality, Winkle said. “She was a very smart woman; she knew a lot about everything.”
One of Winkle’s first memories of Costanzo was the time she was allowed to ride her horse.
“She was around horses all of her life,” said Robert Costanzo, who dated Janet in the 1970s.
He remembers Janet as a “warm, friendly, outgoing person.” The two lived together in her mother’s house on Coolidge Avenue in Oakland. She took Robert’s last name in order to get health insurance at the time, he said. She kept the name for the rest of her life.
Her dad lived in Southern California on several acres of land and had a few horses, Robert recalls. “She used to like to do dressage and trail rides,” he said.
Janet Costanzo also bred cats. She had a parrot and two dogs, Riot and Annie.
She and Stelter moved from Oakland to her aunt’s property in Redwood Valley roughly 10 years ago. "They had a lot of land up there,” said Steve's brother, Doug Stelter.
Doug moved into a trailer on the property about five years ago. The three of them would go on walks together, watch television -- "American Pickers" and "Deadliest Catch" were favorites -- and they would take turns cooking dinner and then eat together almost every night, said Doug.
"She was a good person," he said.
“They were taken from our lives too soon," said Winkle. "We love them very much and they remain in our hearts."
David Patrick Culp, 76, a Vietnam veteran, died on Oct. 10 in the Cascade Fire that swept through his Loma Rica neighborhood in Yuba County.
“People came by and told him it’s getting too close, he had to leave, but being the stubborn vet that he was, he decided to stay with his equipment, figuring he could stop it,” Mike Saala, a friend, told CBS Sacramento.
Culp piloted UH-1 “Huey” helicopters during the Vietnam War, according to an obituary on the website of the Foothill Lions and Lioness Club in Marysville. He was a regular at the club on Thursday nights.
“He will be missed ... there will be a vacant spot,” Saala said.
Michael Dornbach Was Searching for His ‘Little Piece of Heaven’
Michael Dornbach came to California with his family when he was just 10 years old. They settled in the small West Marin town of Inverness, where he learned how to fish for salmon on Tomales Bay. His mother, Maria Triliegi, said he became a great fisherman, always winning the jackpot in any competition he entered.
Triliegi remembered how much her son loved the water. Not just the ocean, but lakes and rivers, too.
“That’s why he was so anxious to get his little piece of heaven,” she said.
Dornbach, 57, lived in San Pedro but came to Northern California in October, searching for that piece of heaven. The family was hoping to buy a small piece of land close to the Klamath River, someplace where he could build a cabin, fish, plant a garden and watch the stars at night.
Triliegi said he wanted to live out in the open, like the guys in his favorite movie, “Lonesome Dove.” But he didn’t want to be all alone out there.
“The cabin would have enough room for his mom and family members to come and stay,” Triliegi said. “His family was everything to him.”
Dornbach was staying with family on an 18-acre property in rural Calistoga when the October Tubbs Fire tore through and claimed his life. Triliegi said. “My biggest sadness is that the land he loved so much, in the finality of it all, took him.”
Dornbach is survived by his mother; a brother, Joshua Triliegi; a sister, Laura Dornbach; as well as aunts, uncles and cousins.
Valerie Lynn Evans loved horses. She grew up around them as a child and continued to raise and show horses as an adult. That was one reason she was so happy in her home on Coffey Lane in Santa Rosa -- she had space for her horses and plenty of beautiful places to ride.
“She was a real cowboy-type girl,” said her husband, Houston G. Evans Sr., who himself spent time working as a rodeo cowboy. In fact, that’s how the two met.
It was Nov. 22, 1963, the day John F. Kennedy was shot. Houston was scheduled for a rodeo in Las Vegas that was canceled because of the assassination, so he drove to Los Angeles to see if he could work a rodeo there instead. He approached a group of people talking out front, one of whom he knew, and met Valerie. They went to a party together and were soon dating, marrying a few years later.
Read more about Valerie Lynn Evans
In the early morning hours of Oct. 9, the couple woke to a fire outside their window. Houston said they had only a few minutes to get out of the house.
Valerie wanted to save the horse trailer parked in the yard, so her husband, who is 88 years old and suffers from gout, went down the road to get the tractor. When he turned around, the house was an inferno. He rushed back, but Valerie wasn’t where she said she’d be waiting.
“I almost knew instantly that she went back into the house to get the dogs,” Houston said. He fled, barely escaping with his own life. Their son, Houston Evans Jr., and his wife, Victoria, used their knowledge of the back roads around his parents' house to find a way around closures, eventually reaching Evans Sr., who had taken cover behind a shed down the road.
“I haven’t seen anything like this since I was in the war,” the elder Houston said.
Valerie, who was 75 when she died, loved their home in Santa Rosa, working “every kind of dirty lousy job you can think of to pay for this place.”
She operated a Caterpillar tractor at the dump and drove trucks for several companies in the area. She even worked as a dispatcher in Santa Rosa, a job her husband said she had to quit. “It was too much for her to handle, people getting killed and murdered. It would give her nightmares.”
Raising and showing horses was Valerie’s passion. The couple traveled all over the country to compete in horse shows, often bringing home ribbons and trophies. She loved to ride in the beautiful countryside around Santa Rosa and in the Southern California mountains when the couple lived there.
“She enjoyed life," her husband said. "She enjoyed friends; she enjoyed nature.”
Valerie Lynn Evans is survived by her husband, Houston G. Evans Sr.; a son, Houston G. Evans Jr.; and her daughter-in-law, Victoria Evans. The family plans to hold a memorial service for Valerie sometime in the spring.
Barbara Jane Gardiner and Elizabeth Charlene Foster: A Creative Soul and Her Caregiver
The walls and halls of Barbara Jane Gardiner’s Mendocino County home in Redwood Valley were her museum.
Gardiner was a creative soul, according to her obituary in the Ukiah Daily Journal. From the beaded earrings to the knitted crafts, her personality was as vibrant as the colors she chose in her personal art pieces. She collect painted glass art and fashionable handbags. Her needlework was intricate, along with the never-conforming art she made.
According to her obituary in the Santa Rosa Press Democrat, Barbara Jane Gardiner moved to Redwood Valley with her husband Eugene Vincent Gardiner about 1980.
On Oct. 9 at 1 a.m., she called her stepson, according to the Mendocino County Sheriff’s Department, to tell him that fire had surrounded her home. She was with her caregiver, Elizabeth Charlene Foster.
Foster was 64 years old. The two lived together on Tomki Road in Redwood Valley.
According to the county sheriff’s department, Gardiner told her stepson that she and Foster were waiting for the fire department to evacuated them from their home. They didn’t survive.
“Her signature smile and high-pitch, jolly laugh will echo in the hearts of those who loved her,” said Barbara Jane Gardiner’s Ukiah Daily Journal obituary.
Mike Grabow 'Instantly Made People Feel Better About Themselves'
The morning before the Tubbs Fire swept through Santa Rosa, Mike Charles Grabow was in a local bar giving away hope bracelets. He'd bought them for friends as a way to donate to breast cancer research.
Grabow's sister, Lindsay Osier, said he often gave generously to those around him.
Read more about Mike Grabow
“He was always giving money to charities and wherever he could find ways to help out,” Osier said. “He didn’t require anything back. It was all freely given.”
Grabow was 40 when he died. Osier misses her brother’s hugs.
“The hugs that he gave me would take all of the problems away,” she said. “He just instantly made people feel better about themselves and encouraged you to be a better human being.”
Grabow lived in Northern California for the past five years and had a tight-knit circle of friends. They remember his energy and his love of craft beer.
“I’ll remember him for how much he loved everyone around him and how fully he lived his life,” said Rachael Ingram, one of his friends.
Earlier in his life, Grabow lived in the Pacific Northwest. He eventually moved back to Idaho, where he was born and lived for most of his adult life.
He loved the outdoors and found lots of opportunities to enjoy it around Boise. Osier said that when Grabow was young, his grandfather took him fishing a lot, and that is when he was truly the happiest. Grabow also liked to snowboard, hunt and golf.
As for work, he showed his independence by being self-employed in jobs that allowed him to be outside, such as landscaping and construction.
On Oct. 26, friends and family celebrated Grabow at one of his favorite places to grab a beer, Cooperage Brewing Co. in Santa Rosa. They raised money for fire relief efforts in his name.
“There’s a huge community of people that are missing him right now,” Ingram says.
Retired Navy Pilot Arthur Tasman Grant ‘Would Do Anything to Help Somebody Out’
Like his wife, Suiko Grant, Arthur Tasman Grant loved spending time with his granddaughter, Sloane.
The retired Navy lieutenant and Pan Am Airlines captain also relished sitting in the sun watching the birds ride the updrafts, having a beer and sharing his stories about all the years he spent flying airplanes. “Those little things, and his garden, which really was his realm,” says Grant’s daughter, Trina Grant, of her father’s many favorite pastimes.
Grant was 95 at the time of his death in the Tubbs Fire. He and his wife, who also died in the blaze, fled to the wine cellar of their hilltop Santa Rosa home to escape the flames.
He is survived by daughters Tasman Grant of San Francisco and Trina Grant of Denver, as well as his granddaughter.
Read more about Arthur Tasman and Suiko Grant
Grant grew up in Point Arena on a dairy farm. He had 12 siblings. He joined the Navy during World War II, where he trained as a fighter pilot. After retiring from the military, he worked for Pan Am for 25 years.
Trina Grant remembers her father’s innate kindness. “He would do anything to help somebody out,” Trina Grant says.” In addition to being an accomplished aviator, Trina Grant said, her father was an extraordinary artist.
But cooking wasn’t among his many skills.
Trina Grant fondly remembered the time she was home from college, grievously sick, at age 18. This was before cellphones. Her mom was away, and she needed her father’s help.
“It took me two hours to drag myself along the floor from the bed to the phone, whereupon I finally called him,” Trina Grant said. “He leapt into action, bringing me microwaved mushroom soup that was barely lukewarm and not particularly appetizing. But he came and brought it to me with such good intention, that despite how horrid the soup was, at that moment, it was the best meal I’d ever had.”
Donna and Leroy Halbur Were Always Prepared for an Extra Guest
Donna Mae Kearney was born Aug. 10, 1937, in Iowa City, Iowa. Four days later, LeRoy Halbur came into the world in Roselle, almost due east and 200 miles across the state. They died together, Oct. 9, at their home in the Larkfield area of Santa Rosa, at the age of 80.
In between, they married, had careers, two sons and two grandchildren. Over the years they welcomed many people into their home.
They first met in Iowa, after Leroy was out of the Army and Donna had graduated from college, which she had left a Catholic religious order to attend. They married on Aug. 12, 1967. Some 40 years ago, they moved into the hillside house on Angela Drive, next to a vineyard.
Read more about Donna and Leroy Halbur
LeRoy was a CPA and worked for over 30 years at the real estate company Codding Enterprises, becoming a vice president. Donna, with her degree in education, worked as a substitute teacher in elementary schools and later as a reading specialist. He was the serious financial guy, she the creative free spirit, says their son, Tim Halbur.
“They were both Depression-era kids,” he says. “So they always had a full pantry and full freezer and were ready to feed people.” LeRoy, too, had Catholic roots, and he practiced rather than preached a life of service. Three nights a week, he delivered food to the poor.
The couple loved to travel and once a year took the family on a big trip -- Mongolia, the Nile, China. At home, they played pinochle. That was the family game. “Every time we got together, it was the rhythm of our house,” says Halbur. “Eat a meal, clear the table, play some games.”
In August, Donna and LeRoy celebrated their 50th wedding anniversary, and for the occasion Tim created a video tribute, in which you can see snapshots of their life together. The song is Glenn Miller’s“ Moonlight Serenade.”
They are survived by their two sons, Tim and David Halbur; their daughters-in-law, Michelle Halbur and Amy Heibel; their grandsons, Travion Jackson and Rowan Halbur; and siblings, Jolene, Linda, Ken, Duane and Glen Halbur; and Cecil, Paul and Marcella Kearney.
Roseann Hannah, Cascade Fire Victim, 'Prided Herself on Being a Great Mom'
Roseann Hannah died in Yuba County's Cascade Fire on Oct. 9. She and her fiance, Stanley Coolidge, loved adventuring together. According to the San Francisco Chronicle, they would ride Coolidge's motorcycle from his home in the community of Loma Rica up the coast to Oregon or to the beach in Mendocino County, where Hannah enjoyed spending time.
The newspaper tribute said Hannah was visiting Coolidge in Loma Rica when they both died in the Cascade Fire. She was 53 years old.
Hannah lived in Grass Valley with her 26-year-old twin sons, Jeffrey and Jordan Hannah. Her obituary said she was a loving mother and friend who "loved her boys and doing things with them and for them."
In addition to her two sons, Hannah is survived by a grandson, Aleczander Hannah.
Christina Hanson shared one thing with everyone — her smile.
"Your smile was infectious," wrote Santa Rosa resident Meg Barry in one of many tributes posted online for the 27-year-old Hanson. "You made my babies laugh, and we relaxed in the sunshine sharing jokes with one another. It was one of those moments where I felt like we’d known each other for a long time even though we’d just met."
Read more about Christina Hanson
Hanson was well known in her community and was close with her spiritual family at Spring Hills Community Church in Santa Rosa.
Hanson died Oct. 9 at her home on Wikiup Bridge Way in Santa Rosa, a month shy of her 28th birthday. Hanson's apartment in the Mark West Springs neighborhood was overrrun by the Tubbs Fire.
For days she was listed among the missing as her family and friends circulated photos asking for help in locating her.
She was a much loved volunteer at Primrose, a local adult assisted living center specializing in memory care.
"She had a connection with seniors her whole life," said her cousin, Brittney Vinculado. "Maybe it was because of her own mobility issues."
Hanson was born with spina bifida, a spinal condition that affected her mobility and caused her to spend a lot of time in the hospital as a child. She was also very close to her grandmother, Vera Hanson, who passed away earlier this year, and Vinculado said talking and enjoying time with elders came naturally to Hanson.
Her father, Michael Hanson, lived in a separate apartment on the property. He was badly burned in the fire and his family believes he was trying to rescue his daughter when he was overcome by smoke and collapsed outside. He is still recovering from his injuries.
"The fire came down the road and it was in the middle of the night, so people were sleeping and unaware and no evacuations had started. And they were one of the first neighborhoods hit," said Vinculado.
Hanson was very fond of animals and for many years was seen with her guide dog, Zulu, at the side of the wheelchair she used to help her move around.
Most recently she adopted Joey, a terrier mix. The dog managed to make it out of the fire with minor burns on his paws.
In middle school Hanson enjoyed playing basketball on an adaptive sports team. She was known for her love of singing, especially anything by Celine Dion.
"She had a great sense of humor and a very positive attitude," Vinculado said.
Hanson was a talented craftswoman, especially with intricate work involving her hands. She loved making beaded jewelry to give as gifts for friends and family. She also learned American Sign Language, and her family says she was very good at interpreting for people with hearing impairments.
On the online tribute page, Christine O'Neil Frazier wrote: Your wit and wisdom touched everyone. You taught us all how to be better people. The world needed your love and kindness, but heaven needed you more."
Christina Hanson is survived by her father, Michael Hanson of Santa Rosa; her stepmother, Jennifer Watson of Santa Rosa; a grandfather, Richard Hanson of Oakley; and a grandmother, Rose Diaz of Dublin.
The family suggests donations to the Shriners Hospitals for Children.
At 101 Years Old, Tak-Fu Hung Could Still Command a Room
By all accounts, Tak-Fu Hung was a remarkable man. He would have turned 102 on Nov. 25, but instead, his family held his funeral on that day.
Hung died in his Fountaingrove home, on the eastern side of Santa Rosa, a victim of the Tubbs Fire. According to accounts by his family (in the Santa Rosa Press Democrat), he couldn’t get out of his house fast enough as the flames approached. He told his wife of 46 years to flee, and he perished in the fire. She sustained burns but survived.
Born in 1915, Hung held the rank of general with the Chinese Nationalist army defeated by Chinese Communist forces after World War II. Hung fled to Hong Kong and then Taiwan, where he worked as a civil engineer, before moving to the Bay Area, according to his family.
They described him to the Santa Rosa Press Democrat as a man who loved his children and grandchildren and “was really good at commanding a room.” He only recently began using a cane to walk, and “liked a party” according to his daughter, Anne O’Hara.
He is survived by his wife, six children, 12 grandchildren and seven great-grandchildren.
Sitting around a dinner table with Monte Kirven meant an evening of entertaining tales. Maybe he’d talk about the time he scaled cliffs to reach peregrine falcon nests in his efforts to conserve the species.
Or he’d talk about the trips he led to Baja California in Mexico to see gray whales -- including the time he had to patch a car tire using a lighter, tequila and a tooth from a plastic comb.
Sometimes he’d talk about his time in the military, or the birding trips he led to Africa.
Read more about Monte Kirven
Whatever his tale, whatever his task, Kirven approached all things with passion and intensity.
Kirven died in his home in the Mark Springs West neighborhood in Santa Rosa on Oct. 9, when the Tubbs Fire consumed his house. He was 81.
Kirven’s love for nature began during his childhood in rural Indiana, where he spent much of his time outdoors. He fished and hunted from a young age. He later turned these passions into his academic focus: He majored in biology at the University of Mississippi, got a master's degree focusing on Caspian and elegant terns at San Diego State University, and later got a Ph.D. in biology from the University of Colorado.
In 1961, he married Valerie Quate and they had three children, raising them mostly in San Diego. His daughter, Kathleen Groppe, recalls a childhood full of adventure. She says her father always spearheaded wildlife rescue projects -- and used their house as a base camp.
She remembers injured ducks, falcons and other birds. Sometimes the animals would be in the backyard, other times they’d take up residence in the bathtub. The goal was to release them back to the wild, but if that couldn’t happen, Kirven would pass the healed animals off to the San Diego Zoo.
Groppe remembers his passion for falcons especially. He worked with them tirelessly and always had one or two of the birds. These experiences sparked Groppe’s own academic pursuits in ecology.
Notably, Kirven was part of a team of scientists who helped show that the use of insecticide DDT led to the thinning of peregrine falcon eggshells. DDT was subsequently banned in 1972.
Still, in 1978, there were only 19 known pairs of these falcons in California.
Kirven’s former employer, the Bureau of Land Management, quotes him saying: “Humans brought these birds to near extinction, and we have a moral obligation to bring them back.”
To rebuild the population, Kirven and colleagues would take peregrine falcon eggs from nests, and replace them with porcelain fakes. The real eggs were hatched at UC Santa Cruz, and then cautiously returned to their home nests and mothers.
Accessing these nests often required scaling steep cliffs, which Kirven did enthusiastically. Through these efforts, the American peregrine falcon was removed from the federal list of endangered and threatened wildlife in 1999.
Through the years, Kirven became increasingly passionate about environmental conservation and efforts to curb climate change. He funneled this energy into teaching undergraduates at Sonoma State University and Santa Rosa Junior College.
It’s ironic, his daughter Kathleen Groppe notes, that something he worked to combat -- climate change -- could have contributed to his demise.
Beyond nature, Kirven had an extraordinary love of people. He’d host dinners after returning from fishing or hunting to share his goods. The evening before his death, he threw a celebratory party for friends and workers who had just finished construction of his new roof.
He made them steaks and turkey with stuffing, and he opened a fancy bottle of wine to share. He went to sleep that night content, having lived another day to its fullest.
Monte Kirven is survived by daughter Kathleen Groppe of Lancaster, Texas; sons Kenneth Kirven of San Diego and Brian Kirven of Point Reyes Station; sister Marcia Gray of Helena, Montana; ex-wife Valerie Quate of Poway (San Diego County); and grandchildren Patrick Kirven, Caroline Groppe, Andy Arredondo and Chinzia Pinnamonti.
Sally Lewis, a Napa Native With a Pioneer Spirit, and Her Caregiver, Teresa Santos
A native of the Napa Valley, Sally Lewis died on Oct. 8, when a fire engulfed her Soda Canyon home.
Lewis lived with a pioneer spirit that fit her surroundings. According to the Napa Valley Register, she was an active fisher and hunter. Lewis raised two daughters by herself after the sudden death of her husband. She took over his school bus business and became one of just two female auto dealers in California at the time, the newspaper reported.
Lewis is survived by two daughters, Windermere Tirados and Dixie Lewis. Tirados told the San Francisco Chronicle that her mother was “a down-to-earth person who loved everybody.”
The Chronicle reports that the Soda Canyon Road home where Lewis died at the age of 90 was constructed by her grandparents in 1920 and had been her home for most of her life. In the last year of her life, Lewis received in-home care from Teresa Santos, a native of the Philippines who lived in Fairfield. She also died in the fire at the age of 50 years old. Her family told the Chronicle they wanted privacy to grieve and little was reported about her life and work, but Tirados called her a "fantastic" woman who took good care of her mother.
Veronica McCombs was the oldest of six children, and her siblings say that her imprint on them "will live on forever."
The San Francisco Chronicle reported that McCombs died in her home on Oct. 9 during the Tubbs Fire in Santa Rosa. She was 67 years old.
In her obituary, her siblings write that "throughout her life, Veronica was always there to listen and help her family, siblings, and others who needed the wisdom and care that she gave unconditionally."
McCombs' family is mourning the loss of what her son, Brandon McCombs, calls the family's "foundation" (according to his statement to the Chronicle).
"She devoted her life to the love and care of our family and her community," Brandon McCombs wrote. "As a family we are grieving deeply and she will be missed forever."
Carmen Colleen McReynolds: 'Gutsy and Self-Reliant'
When Carmen Colleen McReynolds was born on Jan. 30, 1935, her father, Joseph McKinley, wasn't present. He had to be quarantined after contracting tuberculosis. He wouldn't meet Carmen until she was 9 months old.
"My grandfather is an important part of my aunt's story," says Gabriel Coke, McReynolds' nephew. It was her father, according to Coke, who inspired McReynolds to become a doctor. "My grandfather became a doctor after his own mother died of tuberculosis, and my Aunt Carmen went on to be a doctor because of my grandfather. She looked up to him."
McReynolds graduated from medical school at the University of Colorado in Denver. She worked as an internist for Kaiser until 1995, when she retired and moved to the Fountaingrove area of Santa Rosa.
Read more about Carmen Colleen McReynolds
"She was very gutsy and self-reliant," remembered Coke. "She liked to have friends that were also independent. She loved to play the guitar and the piano. She was a big Hank Williams fan, she knew how to shoot a rifle, and she rode a motorcycle until she was in her 70s."
McReynolds, 82, was so tough that her family held out hope that, even with her failing health, maybe she had escaped the Tubbs Fire that swept her neighborhood and destroyed her home.
But nearly a week after the fire, a search team found McReynolds' remains in her garage, inside her 1973 Mercedes convertible.
Coke said his aunt was a trailblazer and a dignified woman who valued her independence. She was married for seven years in the 1960s, he said, but later divorced. McReynolds cared a lot for her family, and although he didn't see her often in later years, Coke said she was always a strong presence in their lives. "She came to my wedding in France," Coke said. "That meant a lot to me because she was very frugal. She spent money on experiences, she wasn't frivolous."
After McReynolds' death. Coke learned that she was deeply committed to charities like the Earle Baum Center for the blind. "There's still so much I'm learning about her extraordinary life."
Firefighting 'Was His Passion': Garrett Angel Paiz
From the time he was a boy, there were two things Garrett Angel Paiz wanted to be when he grew up: a cowboy and a firefighter.
Before his death on Oct. 16, while helping to battle the Northern California fires in Napa County, Paiz, 38, had fulfilled those dreams.
"A cowboy he became by working several ranches across the United States, herding cattle, branding and roping," said his big sister, Cinthia Ann-Marie Paiz of Palm Springs. "Anything a cowboy did, Garrett did. He was also a trail supervisor in Mammoth."
Read more about Garrett Angel Paiz
Paiz served as a volunteer firefighter in Noel, Missouri, too, and was assisting with fires in Washington state when he was called to help fight the Northern California blazes.
"He loved to help and did whatever was needed," his sister said. "Firefighting was not a job. It was his passion. Serving others was his passion."
Early on Oct. 16, Paiz was driving a tanker truck designed to bring water to the scene of the fire when the rig crashed on the Oakville Grade in Napa County. His truck went down an embankment, turning over and landing on its roof. Authorities aren't certain what caused the accident but say fatigue might have been a factor.
Paiz was born in Indio, California, and raised in the town of Mecca. He came from a large family that loved to spend time together and play pranks on one another.
"I will always remember my baby brother as the funny kid who was always up to something," said Cinthia Paiz. "You just never knew what he would get into next."
Paiz graduated from Coachella Valley High School and studied agriculture at College of the Desert in Palm Desert. He came from a long line of men and women who served as first responders and in the armed forces, said his brother, Carlos Paiz.
"We believe that helping others is paramount in life. Standing up for others is just what you do," he said in a statement.
Paiz is survived by his wife, Bobbie Paiz of Noel, Missouri; parents, Judi and Armando Paiz of Coachella; sister, Cinthia Paiz; brother, Carlos Paiz of Coachella; and a daughter, Terri Ann Paiz of Tehachapi.
Carlos Paiz said there were three things he wanted people to do to honor his brother: "Love your family, follow your dreams and serve your community."
Sandra Picciano, Cascade Fire Victim, Loved Animals and Always Helped Her Neighbors
Those who lived near Sandra Picciano in the Yuba County hamlet of Loma Rica remember her as a compassionate woman who always lent a helping hand.
"She helped out with neighbors, taking them to doctor appointments and checking on them when they were sick," said Nadine Webb, Picciano's neighbor of 17 years.
According to the San Francisco Chronicle, Picciano was 77 years old and had no living relatives. She did have several horses, which she cared for through their old age.
When the Cascade Fire started to blaze, Picciano was quick to leave her home. Authorities said she was killed when she crashed into a tree along the road.
Another Loma Rica neighbor, John Billingsley, told The Sacramento Bee that the smoke from the fire that night was so thick "you could just see a little bit in front of your hood."
Lynne Anderson Powell Thrived on Music, Quilting and Her Dogs
Lynne Anderson Powell woke up every morning at 5 a.m, no matter what. Her border collies, four of them total, needed to go hiking. So she and her husband, George, would take them for a walk in the hills of northeast Santa Rosa, near their home on Blue Ridge Trail, right up to the day before the fire.
Lynne and George were married for 33 years. They met at a holiday party thrown by someone at El Camino Community College in Southern California, where her mother, artist Jean Jenkins, taught. George was a staff photographer there.
Read more about Lynne Anderson Powell
George said they had an instant connection.
“It was just incredible,” he said. They married just weeks after meeting, over Presidents Day weekend in 1984.
Lynne played the flute throughout her life, starting at age 7. She majored in flute performance and music education at Carnegie Tech (later renamed Carnegie Mellon) in Pittsburgh. She was a roommate with lifelong friend Joan Sextro, and they took part in each other’s weddings. Sextro said she always admired Lynne’s strength, honesty and kindness.
“Lynne was a very upfront person,” said Sextro. “You know where you stand with her, yet she was a very kind, warm person.”
When she and George met and fell in love, Lynne was first chair flute in the New Mexico Symphony Orchestra. George joined her in Albuquerque so that she could continue to play. After 17 years in the symphony, Lynne began working an office job at Sandia National Laboratories, also in Albuquerque.
The couple retired to Eugene, Oregon, but soon moved to Northern California to be closer to Lynne’s aging parents.
Lynne was devoted to her dogs and trained them for agility trials. She was also an avid quilter, a hobby well-suited to her meticulous and intelligent nature.
“She was the most brilliant person on the planet — there was nothing she couldn’t figure out,” said George.
For the past year and a half, Lynne had been undergoing intensive treatment for salivary gland cancer. Even though the chemotherapy and radiation took a heavy toll, George remembers her strong determination in the face of discomfort. “She was my rock. She took care of me, no matter how much pain she was in.”
Sextro said Lynne was just beginning to get back to normal life, after her cancer treatments, making her death “a double sadness.”
On the night of the fire, the couple woke to smoke and the red glow of the Tubbs Fire sweeping toward their house. George told Lynne to leave with her dog, who slept next to her. He would follow in another car with his three dogs. They planned an escape route, but Lynne did not make it to their meeting place. Apparently blinded by smoke and flames, she drove off the road and crashed down a ravine. Her car and body, along with the body of her dog, were found days later.
If he had known Lynne was down in the ravine, George would have tried to find her and would have been satisfied to die next to her, he said. The fire destroyed their home, her quilting studio and George’s photography collection.
George said he’d like people to know “how loving and kind she was.” When a new person moved into the neighborhood, he said, “she’d be the first person to welcome them and ask what she could do for them.”
Lynne was 72 when she died. George remembers her as being the best spouse he could have hoped for. “She’s still with me,” he said.
A Box of Chocolates and an Infectious Smile: The Big Heart of Marilyn Ress
Once a week, Marilyn Ress would board a city bus from her home at Journey’s End Mobile Home Park and ride 35 minutes to the Montgomery Village Shopping Center on the east side of Santa Rosa. From there, Ress would walk into See’s Candies.
“She would easily buy $100 worth of peanut brittle, chocolate and gift cards,” said manager Susan Murphy.
But the gift cards and candies were not for herself. Ress bought them as gifts for others. One box of chocolates would go to the bus drivers who took her around town. One would go to her doctor’s office. Another would end up with a neighbor who was having a bad day.
“She would even give chocolates to the landscapers,” said her best friend, Cynthia Conners.
Ress died in the Tubbs Fire. She was 71.
Read more about Marilyn Ress
Conners said Ress was the epitome of selflessness. “I never saw her do anything for herself, not even go to the salon.”
Ress was known to pay for strangers' groceries and cups of coffee. Once, on a trip to Fisherman’s Wharf in San Francisco with Conners, Ress paid for several drivers’ tolls on the Golden Gate Bridge.
“She handed the toll booth clerk a $50 bill and said, 'Pay for all the cars behind us that this covers,' ” Conners said. “She lived and breathed ‘pay it forward.’ ”
Conners and Ress met in the late 1970s, when they both worked at Santa Rosa’s Creekside Hospital. Ress was a certified nursing assistant and Conners was the activities director. Conners said Ress had a goofy sense of humor and an infectious smile.
Ress grew up in the Sonoma County town of Penngrove and attended Petaluma High School. She led a simple life with her two cats at Journey’s End. Conners would sometimes take her on rides through the Sonoma County countryside or to the coast. They would go to Fosters Freeze, where Ress would order her favorite meal: a chili cheeseburger, fries and a vanilla malt.
Ress spent holidays with Conners. A more recent tradition involved hours of holiday cooking in Conners’ small apartment.
“She’d get a list of people that had nowhere to go on Thanksgiving and then show up at my house and tell me I was cooking dinner,” Conners said. “I didn’t have a choice. I had to make fresh cranberries, stuffing, turkey, I mean the whole nine yards.”
Ress would then deliver foil-wrapped meals, two plates at a time, to her neighbors.
Conners and Ress talked over the phone at least once a week. So when she didn’t hear from Ress the week of the fires, she knew something was wrong. But Conners believes Ress is at peace now.
“I just have a funny feeling that she would be happy in heaven,” Conners said. “I can just see her smiling and dancing.”
Charles Rippey -- nicknamed “Peach” as a child for his fuzzy cheeks -- and his wife, Sara Rippey, celebrated their 75th wedding anniversary in March. Four months later, Charles celebrated his 100th birthday.
Just three months after that, he died, apparently trying to reach his wife as flames engulfed their home in Napa.
“My father certainly wouldn’t have left her,” his son, Mike Rippey, told the Associated Press.
Read more about Sara and Charles Rippey
Charles Rippey grew up in Hartford, Wisconsin, where he met Sara in grade school. According to the Napa Valley Register, the two attended the University of Wisconsin, Madison, together. Charles graduated with a degree in mechanical engineering in 1939.
The Register reported the couple married in 1942, just before Charles joined the Army for World War II service in North Africa, France, Italy and Germany. After the war, Charles and Sara Rippey had three daughters and two sons, and Charles went on to work for the Firestone tire company.
Rippey spent 30 years with Firestone, the Register reports, leading three different divisions and working in Sweden, Argentina and across the Midwest.
In 1978, when most of their adult children moved to California, the elder Rippeys followed, with Charles going to work with Southern California's Norris Industries.
The Rippeys' children say their parents delighted in each other's company.
“Every Sunday night they went dancing,” Mike Rippey told the Register. “They loved to do stuff together; they’d always come home laughing and giggling. Neither ever vacationed alone or went anywhere alone. They were together all the time.”
That remained true until their final moments, when Charles apparently tried to reach Sara, who had been partially paralyzed since suffering a stroke in 2012.
In an interview with the AP, Mike Rippey said his brother discovered their parents’ bodies in the remains of their home in Napa. His father, Rippey said, appeared to be heading to his mother’s room when he was overcome by smoke and flames.
“If he’d survived and she was gone, he would be the most miserable person alive,” Mike Rippey said in an interview with the Register. “If you had asked them if they wanted to go out together, they would have said yes.”
Sharon Robinson, a 79-year-old artist and antiques collector, died in when the Tubbs Fire engulfed her Santa Rosa neighborhood.
In the immediate aftermath of the fires, Robinson's daughter, Cathie Merkel, searched for her mom. She posted recent photos of her on Facebook, along with a photo of the lot where Robinson's home had been reduced to ashes. Robinson’s car remained in what was left of the garage.
After days of searching, Merkel posted a message on her Facebook page to let loved ones know Robinson had not survived:
“To my dear friends, thank you all for your efforts in trying to find my mom. We received the news today that she did not make it out of her home the night of the fire. During the next few days I won’t be returning any messages as we deal with the effects of this tragedy. We know she found peace in her passing. Thank you for understanding, stay safe.”
Merkel told the San Jose Mercury News that she visited her mother shortly before the fire with her daughter, who suffers from terminal brain cancer. “It was a very happy visit, very friendly.”
“She was really a warm and lovely woman, absolutely,” Jeri Sprague, a former neighbor of Robinson who knew her for decades, told the San Francisco Chronicle.
Lee Chadwick Rogers, 72, died in her Sonoma County home on Cavedale Road as the Nuns Fire burned near the town of Glen Ellen. She lived east of Highway 12 near Mountain Terraces Winery and Vineyard.
Marnie Schwartz Devoted Herself to Activism and Teaching
Marjorie Schwartz was her real name, but everyone called her Marnie.
And everyone remembers that she called them "sweetie." Denise Harrison, a friend of Schwartz, told the San Francisco Chronicle, "I don't ever remember her calling me 'Denise.' I remember her calling me 'sweetie.' I can hear it in my head now: 'Hi, sweetie.' "
Read more about Marjorie Schwartz
Schwartz, 68, died in the Tubbs Fire.
Schwartz' spirit will live on in the memories of those she taught, which spanned students in Walnut Creek, San Rafael, Santa Rosa and English-language learners, according to the Santa Rosa Press Democrat.
She was also active in her religious community, serving as president of the Congregation Shomrei Torah in Santa Rosa at one point, according to the Chronicle.
Rabbi George Gittleman told the paper that Schwartz loved to study and discuss Jewish texts of all kinds, and she was very literate, well-read and well-educated.
Touch Football and a Middle School Crush: After the Fire, 8th-Graders Remember Classmate Kai Shepherd
Kai Logan Shepherd, 14, was the youngest person to die in the October wildfires. But in the weeks after the tragedy, he was still a presence among his classmates at Redwood Valley's Eagle Peak Middle School.
Eagle Peak's Spirit Week, which features a different dress-up theme every day, was delayed by three weeks after the fire that devastated the Mendocino County community and killed nine people, including Kai's 17-year-old sister, Kressa.
Eagle Peak Principal Dan Stearns, shuffling down a school hallway on wear-your-pajamas-to-school day in slippers and a plaid bathrobe, says he remembers Kai as a kid "constantly running from group to group, interacting, laughing, joking around.”
Read more about Kai Shepherd
Stearns stops at a classroom on the second floor where a group of eighth-grade students are hunched over their laptops, scrolling through photos: Kai at the beach, Kai playing baseball, Kai goofing around with his friends.
School was closed for a week after the fire, but the first day back, students asked their digital media teacher if they could make a dedication page for Kai in the yearbook.
"They've been working nonstop on it since then," says Elizabeth DeVinny, who taught Kai in her honors English class last year. "They've been gathering photos and even asking if they could have extra space, because they have so much that their classmates want to say and their teachers want to say."
Kai loved sports. One of his best friends, Brenton Wheeler, took a video of Kai competing in a wrestling match last year.
"After he was done wrestling ... he kinda ... he smiled. Even though he lost, he smiled, and, kept his chin up," Brenton remembers.
Winning or losing, he always walked off the mat with a smile, says Shane Stearns, another of Kai's friends.
The three boys played touch football every morning on the blacktop at school, he says. Kai was the quarterback.
"He would get frustrated easily, but ...," Brenton says.
"He'd always be laughing when he was arguing, though," Shane finishes.
Kai had other dimensions, and Janeane Higdon, 13, wants to show the side of him that she knew in the yearbook.
"On the outside, I know he was very athletic. But on Instagram, he’d just act like a totally different person. He would talk about nerd stuff like Magic and video games," she says. "Deep down inside, I think he was a nerd."
For their celebration of Dia de los Muertos, or Day of the Dead, students put together an altar for Kai. It has a baseball and football on it. And a box of Kai's favorite cereal: Golden Grahams. Janeane draped a special necklace over the box.
"We had matching shark-tooth necklaces from Six Flags," she says, the kind that are sold in pairs.
Janeane kept one, and gave the other one to Kai.
"I had a crush on Kai last year," she says. "So I brought him back a necklace. And he wore it, I think, twice. And then he put it on his shelf, I’m pretty sure he told me. So I had one of his best friends deliver it to him, 'cause I was kind of scared to."
They started messaging over Instagram. Janeane wrote poems about him in her honors English class, including an ode to Kai’s blue eyes.
Because your eyes are as blue as the sky,
they make me get butterflies.
Because your eyes are as blue as the sky,
around you they make me feel shy.
Because your eyes are as blue as the sky,
they make me feel high.
Because your eyes are as blue as the sky,
they make me love the plain dull sky
Because your eyes are as blue as the sky,
thoughts of you preoccupy my mind
Because your eyes are as blue as the sky,
they’re prettier than a dragon’s eye….
Janeane gave a couple of her poems to Kai, and he told her he liked them because they reminded him of rap music. She was never really sure, though, what Kai thought about her.
But Brenton and Shane did.
"I remember Kai kinda liked Janeane, too, at one point," Shane says. "I remember him talking about that."
"Kai would say, 'It's kinda nice knowing that Janeane likes me,' " Brenton says. "And how he kinda liked her back."
Janeane didn’t know this.
"It kinda makes me sad now. Because we could have gotten closer," she says. "And now that he's dead, I know that we won't be able to replay that."
Ukiah High School Students Mourn the Death of Kressa Shepherd and Celebrate Homecoming in the Same Week
Homecoming is not a day at Ukiah High School; it's a weeklong series of events. After a wildfire tore through Redwood Valley in October, the school district postponed the football game and festivities to give the town some time to recover.
Three weeks later, the night before the rescheduled events were about to start, high school junior Kressa Shepherd died in the hospital. She was 17.
“The mood is definitely complicated and complex,” said Gordon Oslund, the school principal, as he watched students milling in the courtyard. “It’s people trying to figure out, how do you deal with a community tragedy and then carry on and have a community celebration all at the same time?”
Kressa and her parents were found in the road near their home the night of the fire and flown to hospitals for treatment of severe burns. Kressa’s younger brother, Kai, 14, died before help arrived. Both of Kressa’s legs were amputated in the hospital, and she suffered cardiac arrest and multiple infections before she also died.
Read more about Kressa Shepherd
On the morning of the big football game, Nov. 3, students packed the bleachers in the gym for a homecoming rally, one of several held throughout the week. The juniors wore all shades of pink, their class color. Hanging on the wall above them, gold balloons shimmered in the fluorescent light, spelling out K-R-E-S-S-A and K-A-I.
For some of Kressa’s friends, the ones who made it to school that week, the whole scene was just weird.
“It was just like, ‘Wow, like how can you be happy right now?’ ” said Sasha Wilkins, a sophomore.
The class period right before, she had been to a grief circle for Kressa’s friends and classmates.
“It was weird being in a group of everyone having such strong emotions, of being sad and down. And then going to another group of people who's so excited and so happy,” Wilkins said. “But then I realized not everyone's thinking about that all the time, but that's OK.”
Before Ukiah high, Kressa went to a Waldorf school. From fourth grade through eighth, she was in the same class with the same teacher and the same 23 kids. The high school counselors gathered them, and the class of sophomores below hers, to talk and share memories of Kressa.
Wilkins remembered feeling intimidated last year about becoming a sophomore. She was confiding in her friends about it when Kressa walked by.
“She overheard that and came up to me later and we just sat down and talked about it, and she comforted me,” she said. “She was like, ‘Yeah I was really nervous as well, but it's going to be OK and it's not as hard as you think it is.’ It was a wonderful moment.”
Kressa’s teachers embodied the mixed emotions of the week. Some cried openly in front of their classrooms, then dressed up days later in purple and gold for homecoming. Across the board, they remember Kressa as a star student who kept a 4.0 GPA.
“She’s the rock in the classroom,” said Meagan Davis, her English teacher. “To have at least one student in the class be there for you. You look up and you see them fully enveloped in what you're teaching – she was that student in my class.”
A peacemaker, is how Liz Johnson, Kressa's U.S. history teacher, described her.
“She had a lot of compassion for multiple points of view,” Johnson said. “She had a deeper understanding of the world around her.”
And she was a natural-born artist, according to her art teacher, Rose Easterbrook.
“She wanted to be an illustrator someday, and she truly could have done that,” she said.
Kressa had been working on a series of drawings of a young girl with blond hair frolicking in a meadow. She carried them everywhere with her. For her photography class, she took a similar picture of her cousin picking flowers, and photo-shopped fairy wings into it.
“That was her: innocent and sincere,” said Lech Slocinski, her photography teacher, as he hung a collection of Kressa’s black-and-white prints in the school lobby. “There was nothing fake about her. Everything was just real. And kind. And it shows in her pictures.”
Her work often portrayed a calm world, he said, removed from madness and conflict.
And that was the kind of scene the school tried to recreate in her memory the night of the homecoming game.
“This evening, we pay tribute to the lives of Ukiah High School junior, Kressa Shepherd, and her brother, Kai Logan Shepherd,” principal Gordon Oslund said to the crowd, asking them to join him in a moment of silence.
Before the marching band came on, before the football players took the field, and before screaming erupted in the stands, more than a thousand people stood up and went completely quiet.
Even at 71, Daniel Martin Southard Hadn't Lost His Love of Football
Daniel Martin Southard, 71, one of those who died in the Tubbs Fire in Santa Rosa, was known for his love of football. According to the Santa Rosa Press Democrat, when he graduated Southern California's Crescenta Valley High School in 1964, he received special awards in athletics.
That love of sports athleticism and love of the sport never left him. The Press Democrat reports that he went on to become a personal trainer and eventually bought a Gold's Gym in Santa Rosa.
Daniel Southard's son Derek told the Mercury News in San Jose that his father "was just a very loving guy. He was very sweet and very kind."
A photograph of Steve Stelter shows him wearing a shirt of "Beavis and Butt-Head," who are themselves wearing "Ren & Stimpy" costumes. It helps to be familiar with the crude hilarity of these shows to better understand what Stelter’s daughter, Reeah Winkle, means when she says her dad was playful.
But along with his love of irreverent, fart-joke humor was his witty, softer side, she said. “If there was a hard situation, he would find the funny in it,” said Winkle, who gave him the shirt as a birthday present. “You could laugh with him even when you were having a hard time.”
Read more about Steve Stelter
Winkle laughs thinking about memories she has of her dad: trips to the movies or the flea market or an amusement park. Winkle said that even though she didn’t live with her dad, he was very present.
“He was the kind of person that if you needed anything, he was there to help you any way he could,” she said.
Stelter helped neighbors clear iced-over driveways on cold winter days. He helped family with plumbing problems or with cars that needed fixing (his specialty). He was a handyman.
“He would be right over to fix it,” said Winkle.
Stelter drove trucks for a number of companies, but it was at Pacific Bell that he met his longtime partner, Janet Costanzo, who also died in the fire.
The pair lived on a large parcel where they’d take their dogs for walks and where Steve could shoot his guns and work on cars, Winkle said.
Steve’s brother, Doug Stelter, eventually moved into a trailer on their property. The three of them would eat dinner together most nights: more meat and fewer vegetables, said Doug Stelter.
“We’d all sit around and watch TV," he said. "They liked '[American] Pickers.' " And "Deadliest Catch" was also a favorite.
Steve loved the holidays, too. Winkle remembers fireworks on the Fourth of July, trick-or-treating on Halloween and how her father loved being around family for Thanksgiving and Christmas. But more than anything, he loved being a grandpa to his two grandchildren, Winkle said.
“He’d be down on the ground playing with them,” she said. “He was that kind of grandfather.”
Steve Stelter, 56, is survived by his brother Doug, his daughter Reeah Winkle, and his grandchildren, Mac and Sunny Mortensen.
Margaret Stephenson Spread Joy With Huge Heart and Love of Parties
Margaret Stephenson, 86, was a vibrant and tenacious British transplant to Mendocino County's Redwood Valley who lived alone on 2 rural acres, loved animals and never shied away from a good party.
“She was very proud of her British heritage and a person that loved to celebrate festivities,” said Mendocino County Sheriff Tom Allman, who received Halloween and Christmas cards from her every year. “I can’t imagine ever not having fun if Margaret was at an event.”
Stephenson was the last victim found after the fire.
Read more about Margaret Stephenson
Stephenson moved to Mendocino County in the 1970s with her husband, Raymond, who took a job as a manager at Mendo Mill & Lumber Co.. She briefly worked as a schoolteacher but devoted most of her life to helping her husband and maintaining their land. The couple were married roughly 60 years. They had no children.
“She and her husband came over with nothing, essentially,” said Mandi Hamilton, who became Margaret’s insurance agent and close friend after her husband died in 2015. “They worked hard, joined clubs and became an integral part of community."
“She spoke so openly of her husband, Raymond, and how much she loved him,” Hamilton added.
Soon after she met Stephenson, Hamilton said, the two of them hit it off and began calling each other every morning. About six months before the fire, Stephenson was diagnosed with cancer, but was responding well to treatment and remained very independent. Last summer, Hamilton taught her how to drive her husband's truck, which she had previously refused to touch. And to boost her spirits, Hamilton also recently gave her a cat, which she instantly fell in love with.
Tamara Latrice Thomas, a San Francisco Native Who Perished in Assisted-Care Home
Tamara Latrice Thomas, 47, was a native of San Francisco who split her time between her hometown and a board-and-care facility in the Coffey Park neighborhood of Santa Rosa, one of the areas ravaged by the Tubbs Fire early Oct. 9.
The Santa Rosa Press Democrat reported Thomas, who was paralyzed, died after being unable to get out of her second-floor bedroom at the Crestview Court Residential Care Home.
KQED was unable to reach Thomas's family members for comment, but the Press Democrat reported her brother is suing PG&E for wrongful death, alleging the utility failed to maintain power lines that could have sparked the wind-whipped fire. The case was filed in Sonoma County Superior Court and seeks unspecified damages for pain and suffering.
Linda Tunis Was Close to Her Daughter Until the End
In January 2017, Linda Tunis moved from Florida to Santa Rosa to be closer to her daughter, Jessica.
Their time together in California was cut short. According to the San Francisco Chronicle, Linda Tunis called her daughter early the morning of Oct. 9 as the Tubbs Fire began burning her mobile home. “I was telling her I love her when the phone died," Jessica Tunis said.
According to an obituary published in The Boston Globe, Tunis loved going to the beach, playing bingo, traveling and going to the theater.
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She is a life-long KQED listener.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/660ce35d088ca54ad606d7e941abc652?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"e_baldi","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"news","roles":["author","edit_others_posts"]},{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Erin Baldassari | KQED","description":"Staff Writer","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/660ce35d088ca54ad606d7e941abc652?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/660ce35d088ca54ad606d7e941abc652?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/ebaldassari"},"abandlamudi":{"type":"authors","id":"11672","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"11672","found":true},"name":"Adhiti Bandlamudi","firstName":"Adhiti","lastName":"Bandlamudi","slug":"abandlamudi","email":"abandlamudi@kqed.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":["news"],"title":"KQED Housing Reporter","bio":"Adhiti Bandlamudi reports for KQED's Housing desk. She focuses on how housing gets built across the Bay Area. Before joining KQED in 2020, she reported for WUNC in Durham, North Carolina, WABE in Atlanta, Georgia and Capital Public Radio in Sacramento. In 2017, she was awarded a Kroc Fellowship at NPR where she reported on everything from sprinkles to the Golden State Killer's arrest. When she's not reporting, she's baking new recipes in her kitchen or watching movies with friends and family. She's originally from Georgia and has strong opinions about Great British Bake Off.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/868129c8b257bb99a3500e2c86a65400?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"oddity_adhiti","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"arts","roles":["author"]},{"site":"news","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Adhiti Bandlamudi | KQED","description":"KQED Housing Reporter","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/868129c8b257bb99a3500e2c86a65400?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/868129c8b257bb99a3500e2c86a65400?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/abandlamudi"},"nkhan":{"type":"authors","id":"11867","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"11867","found":true},"name":"Nisa Khan","firstName":"Nisa","lastName":"Khan","slug":"nkhan","email":"nkhan@kqed.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":"KQED Contributor","bio":"Nisa Khan is a reporter for KQED's Audience News Desk. 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should instead be supplanted with a new one: “Who can afford this place?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That might seem like a subtle distinction, said Issi Romem, co-author and founder of economics research firm, \u003ca href=\"https://metrosight.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">MetroSight\u003c/a>. But its implications are enormous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The differences are just really stark,” Romem said. “We have been, on a grand scale, misleading ourselves with our current metrics to think they are much more affordable than they are.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem, Romem said, is that those metrics don’t account for a simple truth: People who can’t afford rent or mortgage payments in a place often don’t live there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In other words, we’ve been saying Beverly Hills is perfectly affordable because the people who live there can afford it,” Romem said. “And we’ve been doing that for a broader geography than just Beverly Hills.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To determine whether a given county is affordable, policymakers might look at how many people earning the area’s median income can afford to rent or buy a median-priced home. A home is considered “affordable” if the household’s earners are paying no more than 30% of their income on rent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To craft a new definition of affordability, Romem, and co-author, Dan Shoag looked at responses to a Census questionnaire that asked whether people felt they could afford their expenses after paying for housing costs comfortably, were doing OK, just getting by, or having difficulty. They then looked at a broader set of Census respondents’ incomes and housing costs and used that as the basis for determining the affordability of each county for all Californians, including those not living in the county.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://url.us.m.mimecastprotect.com/s/o_suCo2OEkuv7Jmlszepp4?domain=ternercenter.berkeley.edu\">result is an interactive map\u003c/a> that shows how many Californians could afford to live in each county — which paints a much bleaker picture of the state’s most expensive areas than had previously been shown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take San Francisco, for example, where the median household income was close to \u003ca href=\"https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/sanfranciscocitycalifornia/PST045222\">$137,000 in 2022.\u003c/a> Under the classic definition of affordability, 67% of renters are “comfortable” or “doing OK.” However, under the definition Romem and his colleagues created, only 23% of Californians would be able to rent there either comfortably or OK.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s an idea that resonates with 31-year-old software developer Nick Fallon. Until December, when he was laid off from his job, he was making $120,000 and paying $2,650 per month in rent for a one-bedroom apartment in the Castro District. He could afford it but felt like it was impossible to save any money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I can’t see a future where I could retire here,” Fallon said. “I don’t see a future where I could have children if I wanted them. Buying a house is completely out of the picture. Ever.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label='More Housing Coverage' tag='housing']But rather than simply showing that expensive places like San Francisco are indeed expensive, the Terner Center’s new tool goes further. It allows users to add transportation and childcare costs and accounts for relative differences in incomes across counties, providing a more nuanced picture of rural areas than had previously been shown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It shows that access to public transportation makes urban areas more affordable than they might otherwise be, and rural places — where transit is scarce and incomes are relatively lower — end up being less affordable than they would otherwise seem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s something Colin Sanders experienced firsthand when he moved from Oakland to Twain Harte, a small mountain community in Tuolumne County. The 34-year-old mechanic had been splitting a master bedroom in a West Oakland home for $1,600 per month. In 2020, Sanders bought a 900-square-foot, off-grid home in Twain Harte for around $100,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although he can afford the home, Sanders said he was forced to buy a newer, more reliable truck since public transportation is nearly nonexistent, and constantly repairing an older vehicle cost him work. He travels around the county, working as a handyman and electrician, and now pays around $1,100 a month in car payments and fuel, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I really underestimated how much I’d be driving and how much I’d be spending on fuel,” Sanders said. “I’m not making much more out here than I did there (in Oakland), and I thought that it would go further, but it’s not.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If policymakers chose to adopt the new definition of affordability, publicly funded affordable housing developers would consider not just the incomes of people who live in the area but also those who might want or need to live there, Romem said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It would help solve a problem Teri Baldwin said she sees in her role as a kindergarten teacher and president of the Palo Alto Educators Association. The union is currently working with a developer on a project to \u003ca href=\"https://www.paloaltoonline.com/news/2023/04/21/new-housing-proposal-looks-to-aid-palo-alto-teachers/\">build affordable housing for Palo Alto teachers\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A fifth of the development’s 44 apartments will be available to teachers, making between 50% to 80% of Palo Alto’s median income, which was \u003ca href=\"https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/paloaltocitycalifornia/PST045222\">$214,118 in 2022\u003c/a>. The remaining apartments will be reserved for people making between 80% and 120% of the median income. But what counts as an “affordable” rent for people within those income bands is still pretty expensive, Baldwin said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s still pretty high,” she said. “It’s a high percentage of your salary going towards rent.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said even this “affordable” housing is out of reach for many of the district’s support staff, who make even less than teachers. Baldwin is hoping the state can provide deeper subsidies to developers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would like the state to give incentives, more tax breaks or something like that to developers who want to help,” she said, adding the state should look at ways to build housing that doesn’t tie rents to the median income.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doing that will be difficult this year, as the state faces an \u003ca href=\"https://lao.ca.gov/Publications/Report/4850#:~:text=Under%20LAO%20Revenue%20Update%2C%20Budget,budget%20was%20proposed%20in%20January.\">estimated $73 billion deficit\u003c/a>, said Matthew Schwartz, president and CEO of the California Housing Partnership, an affordable housing policy and advocacy organization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deepening subsidies to make it more affordable to some will mean providing less of that housing, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s a pretty Hobbesian choice, and I don’t think most of us would be in favor of it,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state already saw affordable housing production shrink last year — dropping from more than 23,500 below-market-rate units in 2022 to just under 14,000 in 2023, \u003ca href=\"https://chpc.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/California-Affordable-Housing-Needs-Report-2024-1.pdf\">according to the partnership\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Remedying the situation will require more money, he said. Schwartz hopes the legislature will support Assemblymember Buffy Wicks’ proposal to put a statewide \u003ca href=\"https://a14.asmdc.org/press-releases/20230425-assemblymember-wicks-announces-aim-put-10b-housing-bond-2024-primary-ballot\">$10 billion affordable housing bond\u003c/a> on the November ballot. A separate \u003ca href=\"https://mtc.ca.gov/about-mtc/authorities/bay-area-housing-finance-authority/bay-area-affordable-housing-bond\">$10 billion to $20 billion bond measure\u003c/a> is also being proposed for the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We saw production last year decline by almost one third,” Schwartz said, adding that a big reason for that was the exhaustion of an earlier statewide affordable housing bond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Building more deeply affordable housing is not the only solution, Romem argues. Instead, he said the state should encourage developers to build more housing for people at all income levels, which will slow the growth in home prices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But ensuring that the housing that gets built is actually affordable requires a different approach than one the federal government and California have taken so far, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We value what we measure, and that means that we want to be measuring the right thing,” Romem said. And that requires asking the right question, he said: “How affordable San Francisco or Beverly Hills or Los Angeles are — not just to the people who have been able to make it there — but to the people who would make it there if they could.”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A few major flaws exist in defining whether housing is affordable for Californians. A new study from UC Berkeley’s Terner Center for Housing Innovation seeks to remedy that.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1714683809,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":34,"wordCount":1418},"headData":{"title":"California Housing Is Even Less Affordable Than You Think, UC Berkeley Study Says | KQED","description":"A few major flaws exist in defining whether housing is affordable for Californians. A new study from UC Berkeley’s Terner Center for Housing Innovation seeks to remedy that.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"California Housing Is Even Less Affordable Than You Think, UC Berkeley Study Says","datePublished":"2024-05-02T16:00:06.000Z","dateModified":"2024-05-02T21:03:29.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"sticky":false,"nprStoryId":"kqed-11984656","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11984656/california-housing-is-even-less-affordable-than-you-think-uc-berkeley-study-says","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>As California tries to claw its way out of its housing affordability crisis, policymakers have been asking the wrong question, according to a new study from UC Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://url.us.m.mimecastprotect.com/s/3YtGCn5zDjCmJQVlu9g94t?domain=ternercenter.berkeley.edu\">The study\u003c/a>, published Thursday by researchers at the Terner Center for Housing Innovation, argues the classic question — “Is a place affordable?” — should instead be supplanted with a new one: “Who can afford this place?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That might seem like a subtle distinction, said Issi Romem, co-author and founder of economics research firm, \u003ca href=\"https://metrosight.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">MetroSight\u003c/a>. But its implications are enormous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The differences are just really stark,” Romem said. “We have been, on a grand scale, misleading ourselves with our current metrics to think they are much more affordable than they are.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem, Romem said, is that those metrics don’t account for a simple truth: People who can’t afford rent or mortgage payments in a place often don’t live there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In other words, we’ve been saying Beverly Hills is perfectly affordable because the people who live there can afford it,” Romem said. “And we’ve been doing that for a broader geography than just Beverly Hills.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To determine whether a given county is affordable, policymakers might look at how many people earning the area’s median income can afford to rent or buy a median-priced home. A home is considered “affordable” if the household’s earners are paying no more than 30% of their income on rent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To craft a new definition of affordability, Romem, and co-author, Dan Shoag looked at responses to a Census questionnaire that asked whether people felt they could afford their expenses after paying for housing costs comfortably, were doing OK, just getting by, or having difficulty. They then looked at a broader set of Census respondents’ incomes and housing costs and used that as the basis for determining the affordability of each county for all Californians, including those not living in the county.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://url.us.m.mimecastprotect.com/s/o_suCo2OEkuv7Jmlszepp4?domain=ternercenter.berkeley.edu\">result is an interactive map\u003c/a> that shows how many Californians could afford to live in each county — which paints a much bleaker picture of the state’s most expensive areas than had previously been shown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take San Francisco, for example, where the median household income was close to \u003ca href=\"https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/sanfranciscocitycalifornia/PST045222\">$137,000 in 2022.\u003c/a> Under the classic definition of affordability, 67% of renters are “comfortable” or “doing OK.” However, under the definition Romem and his colleagues created, only 23% of Californians would be able to rent there either comfortably or OK.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s an idea that resonates with 31-year-old software developer Nick Fallon. Until December, when he was laid off from his job, he was making $120,000 and paying $2,650 per month in rent for a one-bedroom apartment in the Castro District. He could afford it but felt like it was impossible to save any money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I can’t see a future where I could retire here,” Fallon said. “I don’t see a future where I could have children if I wanted them. Buying a house is completely out of the picture. Ever.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"More Housing Coverage ","tag":"housing"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>But rather than simply showing that expensive places like San Francisco are indeed expensive, the Terner Center’s new tool goes further. It allows users to add transportation and childcare costs and accounts for relative differences in incomes across counties, providing a more nuanced picture of rural areas than had previously been shown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It shows that access to public transportation makes urban areas more affordable than they might otherwise be, and rural places — where transit is scarce and incomes are relatively lower — end up being less affordable than they would otherwise seem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s something Colin Sanders experienced firsthand when he moved from Oakland to Twain Harte, a small mountain community in Tuolumne County. The 34-year-old mechanic had been splitting a master bedroom in a West Oakland home for $1,600 per month. In 2020, Sanders bought a 900-square-foot, off-grid home in Twain Harte for around $100,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although he can afford the home, Sanders said he was forced to buy a newer, more reliable truck since public transportation is nearly nonexistent, and constantly repairing an older vehicle cost him work. He travels around the county, working as a handyman and electrician, and now pays around $1,100 a month in car payments and fuel, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I really underestimated how much I’d be driving and how much I’d be spending on fuel,” Sanders said. “I’m not making much more out here than I did there (in Oakland), and I thought that it would go further, but it’s not.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If policymakers chose to adopt the new definition of affordability, publicly funded affordable housing developers would consider not just the incomes of people who live in the area but also those who might want or need to live there, Romem said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It would help solve a problem Teri Baldwin said she sees in her role as a kindergarten teacher and president of the Palo Alto Educators Association. The union is currently working with a developer on a project to \u003ca href=\"https://www.paloaltoonline.com/news/2023/04/21/new-housing-proposal-looks-to-aid-palo-alto-teachers/\">build affordable housing for Palo Alto teachers\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A fifth of the development’s 44 apartments will be available to teachers, making between 50% to 80% of Palo Alto’s median income, which was \u003ca href=\"https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/paloaltocitycalifornia/PST045222\">$214,118 in 2022\u003c/a>. The remaining apartments will be reserved for people making between 80% and 120% of the median income. But what counts as an “affordable” rent for people within those income bands is still pretty expensive, Baldwin said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s still pretty high,” she said. “It’s a high percentage of your salary going towards rent.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said even this “affordable” housing is out of reach for many of the district’s support staff, who make even less than teachers. Baldwin is hoping the state can provide deeper subsidies to developers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would like the state to give incentives, more tax breaks or something like that to developers who want to help,” she said, adding the state should look at ways to build housing that doesn’t tie rents to the median income.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doing that will be difficult this year, as the state faces an \u003ca href=\"https://lao.ca.gov/Publications/Report/4850#:~:text=Under%20LAO%20Revenue%20Update%2C%20Budget,budget%20was%20proposed%20in%20January.\">estimated $73 billion deficit\u003c/a>, said Matthew Schwartz, president and CEO of the California Housing Partnership, an affordable housing policy and advocacy organization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deepening subsidies to make it more affordable to some will mean providing less of that housing, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s a pretty Hobbesian choice, and I don’t think most of us would be in favor of it,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state already saw affordable housing production shrink last year — dropping from more than 23,500 below-market-rate units in 2022 to just under 14,000 in 2023, \u003ca href=\"https://chpc.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/California-Affordable-Housing-Needs-Report-2024-1.pdf\">according to the partnership\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Remedying the situation will require more money, he said. Schwartz hopes the legislature will support Assemblymember Buffy Wicks’ proposal to put a statewide \u003ca href=\"https://a14.asmdc.org/press-releases/20230425-assemblymember-wicks-announces-aim-put-10b-housing-bond-2024-primary-ballot\">$10 billion affordable housing bond\u003c/a> on the November ballot. A separate \u003ca href=\"https://mtc.ca.gov/about-mtc/authorities/bay-area-housing-finance-authority/bay-area-affordable-housing-bond\">$10 billion to $20 billion bond measure\u003c/a> is also being proposed for the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We saw production last year decline by almost one third,” Schwartz said, adding that a big reason for that was the exhaustion of an earlier statewide affordable housing bond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Building more deeply affordable housing is not the only solution, Romem argues. Instead, he said the state should encourage developers to build more housing for people at all income levels, which will slow the growth in home prices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But ensuring that the housing that gets built is actually affordable requires a different approach than one the federal government and California have taken so far, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We value what we measure, and that means that we want to be measuring the right thing,” Romem said. And that requires asking the right question, he said: “How affordable San Francisco or Beverly Hills or Los Angeles are — not just to the people who have been able to make it there — but to the people who would make it there if they could.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11984656/california-housing-is-even-less-affordable-than-you-think-uc-berkeley-study-says","authors":["11652"],"categories":["news_6266","news_8"],"tags":["news_3921","news_27626","news_1775","news_21358","news_17597"],"featImg":"news_10816492","label":"news"},"forum_2010101905607":{"type":"posts","id":"forum_2010101905607","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"forum","id":"2010101905607","found":true},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"california-puc-considers-new-fixed-charge-for-electricity","title":"California PUC Considers New Fixed Charge for Electricity","publishDate":1714688019,"format":"audio","headTitle":"California PUC Considers New Fixed Charge for Electricity | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"forum"},"content":"\u003cp>Beginning as early as next year you might see a new fixed monthly charge of up to $24 on your electric bill. That’s if the California Public Utilities Commission approves a proposal to rework how we pay for power. The CPUC, which is taking a vote next week, says that the new charge would lower electricity costs for many Californians. But the reality is more complicated. We take a close look and hear what’s driving high electricity prices in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"We take a close look and hear what's driving high electricity prices in the state.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1714762385,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":3,"wordCount":87},"headData":{"title":"California PUC Considers New Fixed Charge for Electricity | KQED","description":"We take a close look and hear what's driving high electricity prices in the state.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"California PUC Considers New Fixed Charge for Electricity","datePublished":"2024-05-02T22:13:39.000Z","dateModified":"2024-05-03T18:53:05.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"audioUrl":"https://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3/pdst.fm/e/chrt.fm/track/G6C7C3/traffic.megaphone.fm/KQINC8195160969.mp3?updated=1714762491","airdate":1714755600,"forumGuests":[{"name":"Ben Christopher","bio":"reporter, CalMatters"},{"name":"Loretta Lynch","bio":"former President, California Public Utilities Commission"}],"sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/forum/2010101905607/california-puc-considers-new-fixed-charge-for-electricity","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Beginning as early as next year you might see a new fixed monthly charge of up to $24 on your electric bill. That’s if the California Public Utilities Commission approves a proposal to rework how we pay for power. The CPUC, which is taking a vote next week, says that the new charge would lower electricity costs for many Californians. But the reality is more complicated. We take a close look and hear what’s driving high electricity prices in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/forum/2010101905607/california-puc-considers-new-fixed-charge-for-electricity","authors":["227"],"categories":["forum_165"],"featImg":"forum_2010101905611","label":"forum"},"forum_2010101905617":{"type":"posts","id":"forum_2010101905617","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"forum","id":"2010101905617","found":true},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"will-the-u-s-really-ban-tiktok","title":"Will the U.S. Really Ban TikTok?","publishDate":1714761961,"format":"audio","headTitle":"Will the U.S. Really Ban TikTok? | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"forum"},"content":"\u003cp>What’s next for TikTok? President Biden signed legislation on April 24 that would ban the popular video-sharing app unless its Chinese owner ByteDance sells to a U.S-based company. Supporters of the law say TikTok poses national security risks, warning that the Chinese government could potentially access sensitive user data or spread misinformation on the app. ByteDance says it has no intention of selling and will fight in the courts to stay in business. We’ll look at what it all could mean for TikTok and its 170 million users in the US.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"President Biden signed legislation on April 24 that would ban the popular video-sharing app unless its Chinese owner ByteDance sells to a U.S-based company. We’ll look at what it all could mean for TikTok and its 170 million users in the US.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1714772218,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":3,"wordCount":100},"headData":{"title":"Will the U.S. Really Ban TikTok? | KQED","description":"President Biden signed legislation on April 24 that would ban the popular video-sharing app unless its Chinese owner ByteDance sells to a U.S-based company. We’ll look at what it all could mean for TikTok and its 170 million users in the US.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Will the U.S. Really Ban TikTok?","datePublished":"2024-05-03T18:46:01.000Z","dateModified":"2024-05-03T21:36:58.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"airdate":1715011200,"forumGuests":[{"name":"Tim Wu","bio":"professor of law, science and technology, Columbia Law School - His latest book is \"The Curse of Bigness: Antitrust in the New Gilded Age.\""},{"name":"Suzy Loftus","bio":"Head of Trust and Safety, TikTok USDS"},{"name":"Sapna Maheshwari","bio":"business reporter, New York Times - covering TikTok and emerging media."},{"name":"Vivian Xue","bio":"TikTok creator; CEO, Pamper Nail Gallery - based in San Francisco."}],"sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/forum/2010101905617/will-the-u-s-really-ban-tiktok","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>What’s next for TikTok? President Biden signed legislation on April 24 that would ban the popular video-sharing app unless its Chinese owner ByteDance sells to a U.S-based company. Supporters of the law say TikTok poses national security risks, warning that the Chinese government could potentially access sensitive user data or spread misinformation on the app. ByteDance says it has no intention of selling and will fight in the courts to stay in business. We’ll look at what it all could mean for TikTok and its 170 million users in the US.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/forum/2010101905617/will-the-u-s-really-ban-tiktok","authors":["3239"],"categories":["forum_165"],"featImg":"forum_2010101905620","label":"forum"},"news_11984845":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11984845","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11984845","found":true},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"pro-palestinian-protests-on-california-college-campuses-what-are-students-demanding","title":"Pro-Palestinian Protests on California College Campuses: What Are Students Demanding?","publishDate":1714734006,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Pro-Palestinian Protests on California College Campuses: What Are Students Demanding? | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>Just weeks before summer break, as most students are wrapping up their semesters or preparing for graduation, pro-Palestinian protests and encampments have sprung up on scores of college campuses across California — as they have throughout the country. While most protests have remained peaceful, a handful of campuses around the state have been rocked in recent days by sweeping law enforcement crackdowns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The encampments have been part of a movement that has spread quickly across the country following the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/04/18/1245642588/nypd-breaks-up-pro-palestinian-protest-at-columbia-university\">New York Police Department’s \u003c/a>first attempted crackdown, in mid-April, of a student demonstration at Columbia University in New York.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think that we really are at a moment that feels historic in a way that student organizing hasn’t in quite a few years,” Angus Johnston, a historian and advocate of American student movements, said earlier this week \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101905545/whats-next-for-pro-palestinian-campus-protests\">on KQED’s \u003cem>Forum\u003c/em>\u003c/a>. “It really was not until Columbia’s crackdown that we saw this explosion of defiance on campuses, whose number is increasing every single day at this point. That is a pace of acceleration that we haven’t seen in a very, very long time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jump straight to:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"#A\">Why are students protesting?\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"#B\">Where are the protests happening?\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"#C\">What do protesters want universities to divest from?\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"#D\">How are colleges responding to the protests?\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"#E\">Have there been previous divestment campaigns?\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"A\">\u003c/a>Why are students protesting?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>While specific goals vary by campus, Johnston said there have been four general demands that student protesters across the country have made of their academic institutions:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Divest from all financial holdings — \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11984140/growing-protests-over-the-israel-hamas-war-puts-spotlight-on-college-endowments\">often through their endowments\u003c/a> — in companies that have ties to Israel or contribute to Israel’s military.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Institute an academic boycott of Israel, including ending all research with Israeli universities that have military ties and canceling studying abroad programs in the country.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Increase transparency about its involvement and connection — financial or academic — to the Israeli military and other institutions.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Offer amnesty to student protesters who have been arrested or received academic discipline.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Malak Afaneh, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11982697/confrontation-at-uc-berkeley-law-school-deans-home-highlights-campus-tensions\">a third-year UC Berkeley law student \u003c/a>and\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101905545/whats-next-for-pro-palestinian-campus-protests\"> co-president of Law Students for Justice in Palestine\u003c/a>, told \u003cem>Forum\u003c/em> that protesters also want the university to officially acknowledge the situation “in Palestine \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/un-expert-says-israel-has-committed-genocide-gaza-calls-arms-embargo-2024-03-26/\">as a genocide\u003c/a> because they’ve failed to do so.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11984645 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240423-BERKELEY-GAZA-ENCAMPMENT-MD-09-KQED-1020x680.jpg']Israel’s siege of Gaza has been raging for nearly seven months. Israeli forces have killed over 34,000 Palestinians in retaliation for Hamas’ Oct. 7 attack on Israel, in which militants killed some 1,200 people and took 240 hostages, according to Gazan and Israeli authorities, respectively.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Israel’s attacks have displaced some \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/israel-hamas-war-news-04-30-2024-f5e14fd176d69f9c4e23b48f3ab5af6a#:~:text=The%20war%20in%20Gaza%20has,to%20the%20brink%20of%20famine.\">80% of Gaza’s 2.3 million\u003c/a> residents, and the United Nations has rung the alarm about \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/un-chief-says-incremental-progress-toward-averting-gaza-famine-2024-04-30/\">a possible famine in the northern part of the enclave\u003c/a>. The Biden administration has mostly been \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2024/04/24/world/middleeast/israel-us-aid.html\">unwavering in its support of Israel\u003c/a>. Although Biden has more recently demanded that Israel implement new steps to protect civilians and aid workers — and urged its leaders to seek a cease-fire agreement — he has also consistently supported efforts to continue sending huge amounts of military aid to the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/gaza/\">\u003cem>Follow KQED’s coverage of the war\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>, and read about the history of the decades-long conflict in NPR’s \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/series/1205445976/middle-east-crisis\">\u003cem>‘Middle East crisis — explained’ series\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"B\">\u003c/a>Where are the protests happening?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>As of May 2, there are at least 14 pro-Palestinian encampments on college campuses throughout California. They include multiple campuses in the Bay Area, such as \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11984403/sfsu-pro-palestinian-encampment-established-as-students-rally-for-divestment\">San Francisco State University\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11984203/pro-palestinian-protests-sweep-california-college-campuses-amid-israel-hamas-war\">Stanford University\u003c/a>, UC Berkeley, Sonoma State University and the University of San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Pro-Palestinian protests on California college campuses\" aria-label=\"Map\" id=\"datawrapper-chart-BxKrr\" src=\"https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/BxKrr/17/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border: none;\" width=\"650\" height=\"845\" data-external=\"1\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most encampments have been established in central campus locations. At UC Berkeley’s encampment, which began last week, there are now nearly 100 tents — occupied by students, alums and faculty — sprawled in front of Sproul Hall, a center of student life on campus. (Some campuses have also seen counterprotests by supporters of Israel, such as a recent demonstration at UCLA that received \u003ca href=\"https://dailybruin.com/2024/04/27/counter-protests-of-ucla-encampment-raise-over-50000-on-gofundme\">thousands of dollars of support on GoFundMe\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pro-Palestinian student protests have largely been peaceful, noted Johnston, the historian, adding that some people inaccurately view the student protesters of the 1960s as more “disciplined” than their counterparts today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would say that in terms of tactics, the students of 2024 are much more restrained than \u003ca href=\"https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/j.ctt1pp8w8\">the students of 1968, ’69, ’70,”\u003c/a> Johnston said. “They haven’t been engaging in battles with police. We’ve seen only a few building takeovers. We’ve seen very little property destruction.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"C\">\u003c/a>What do protesters want universities to divest from?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Afaneh explained that divestment should include “any of the university’s endowments, any of their partnerships, that are in partnership with institutions complicit in this genocide — whether it be weapons, arms manufacturers, and things like that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Calls for divestment from companies linked to Israel — a key strategy in the global \u003ca href=\"https://bdsmovement.net/what-is-bds\">Boycott, Divest, Sanction\u003c/a> (BDS) movement — is nothing new among student activists \u003ca href=\"https://www.vox.com/23924319/israel-palestine-apartheid-meaning-history-debate\">fighting for the rights of Palestinians\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11984515\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11984515\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240429-SFSU-GAZA-RALLY-MD-10-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240429-SFSU-GAZA-RALLY-MD-10-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240429-SFSU-GAZA-RALLY-MD-10-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240429-SFSU-GAZA-RALLY-MD-10-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240429-SFSU-GAZA-RALLY-MD-10-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240429-SFSU-GAZA-RALLY-MD-10-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240429-SFSU-GAZA-RALLY-MD-10-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">San Francisco State University student Zinaib I. speaks at a rally outside the student center on April 30. \u003ccite>(Martin do Nascimento/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In fact, UC Berkeley’s student government passed \u003ca href=\"https://www.dailycal.org/archives/uc-student-association-votes-to-divest-from-companies-allegedly-violating-palestinian-rights/article_c2874bba-98af-5771-b3a2-4c92c5ba6271.html\">a resolution calling for similar divestment actions in 2015\u003c/a>. The prevalence of such activism has even led to \u003ca href=\"https://www.eastbaytimes.com/2024/04/28/an-obscure-california-law-may-prevent-action-on-protesters-calls-for-divestment-from-israel/#:~:text=The%20law%20forbids%20the%20award,known%20by%20the%20acronym%20BDS.\">anti-boycott laws\u003c/a> in California and other states — legislation condemned\u003ca href=\"https://www.hrw.org/news/2019/04/23/us-states-use-anti-boycott-laws-punish-responsible-businesses\"> by Human Rights Watch\u003c/a> — that has \u003ca href=\"https://theintercept.com/2018/11/22/israel-boycott-canary-mission-blacklist/\">landed some students on blacklists\u003c/a>, potentially affecting their future employment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the main companies activists have targeted include \u003ca href=\"https://www.dailycal.org/archives/uc-student-association-votes-to-divest-from-companies-allegedly-violating-palestinian-rights/article_c2874bba-98af-5771-b3a2-4c92c5ba6271.html\">General Electric, Boeing, Caterpillar, Google and Hewlett-Packard\u003c/a>, all of which, they say, \u003ca href=\"https://www.amnestyusa.org/no-weapons-for-war-crimes/\">profiteer from Israel’s war crimes\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Johnston, the Vietnam War student protests revealed “a web of relationships between universities, the government, the national security state, the military-industrial complex. [And] when those relationships were revealed, the pressure to draw them back became intense.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yousuf Abubakr, a UC Berkeley student studying mechanical engineering, said big \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbsnews.com/sanfrancisco/news/pro-palestinian-protesters-block-entrances-to-lockheed-martin-facility-in-sunnyvale/\">defense contractors like Lockheed Martin\u003c/a> and Boeing often attend engineering career fairs on campus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it’d be great to get engineering students more aware of the companies and their position in this genocide and ethnic cleansing,” he told KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"D\">\u003c/a>How are colleges responding to the protests?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Reactions from colleges have varied significantly across the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>UCLA \u003c/strong>declared its pro-Palestinian encampments \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2024-04-30/ucla-moves-to-shut-down-pro-palestinian-encampment-as-unlawful\">“unlawful”\u003c/a> Tuesday evening, saying students face possible suspension or expulsion, with \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/pplscitycouncil/status/1785203795645063207?s=46&t=7BBzFwo6eYLzJIVfAlumEQ\">videos showing police in riot gear on campus\u003c/a>. On April 30, UCLA’s independent student newspaper reported that \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/dailybruin/status/1785549519989735509?s=46&t=7BBzFwo6eYLzJIVfAlumEQ\">pro-Israel supporters were tearing down pro-Palestinian encampment\u003c/a> barricades, clashing with protesters and allegedly setting off fireworks. The \u003cem>LA Times \u003c/em>reported that security guards \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2024-04-30/ucla-moves-to-shut-down-pro-palestinian-encampment-as-unlawful\">watching the scene did not intervene\u003c/a>. Classes were \u003ca href=\"https://bso.ucla.edu/\">canceled the next day\u003c/a> and UC President Michael V. Drake ordered an independent review of the incident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Early on Thursday morning, \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2024-05-01/la-me-ucla-camp-police\">more than 200 protesters were arrested\u003c/a> as police in riot gear clashed with them and dismantled the encampment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11984868\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11984868\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/AP24123593377542-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/AP24123593377542-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/AP24123593377542-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/AP24123593377542-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/AP24123593377542-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/AP24123593377542-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/AP24123593377542-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/AP24123593377542-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Police advance on pro-Palestinian demonstrators on the UCLA campus Thursday, May 2, 2024, in Los Angeles. \u003ccite>(Ethan Swope/AP Photo)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At \u003cstrong>UC Riverside\u003c/strong> on Friday, pro-Palestinian student protesters said they had reached an agreement with university leaders and \u003ca href=\"https://riversiderecord.org/student-protesters-ucr-administration-reach-agreement-to-end-encampment/\">announced their encampment would be coming down\u003c/a>. As part of the \u003ca href=\"https://documents.ucr.edu/chancellor/May_3_ammended-agreement.pdf\">agreement, signed by its chancellor\u003c/a>, UC Riverside pledged to form a task force of students and faculty to explore the potential removal of the university’s endowment from the UC Investment Office’s management.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At \u003cstrong>Cal Poly Humboldt\u003c/strong>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2024-04-30/cal-poly-humboldt\">students last week took over an administrative building\u003c/a>. On Thursday, \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/us-world/article/cal-poly-humboldt-police-declare-demonstration-19429921.php\">some 300 officers in riot gear arrested 35 protesters\u003c/a>, including \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/E__C___/status/1785353134828839383\">an assistant professor\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2024/04/30/nyregion/california-poly-humboldt-protests-arrests.html\">ending the building takeover\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At\u003cstrong> Stanford University\u003c/strong>, officials have repeatedly warned student protesters in encampments that they are violating campus policies and may face suspension. The school \u003ca href=\"https://stanforddaily.com/2024/04/30/stanford-forwards-encampment-photo-to-fbi/\">also recently sent a photo to the FBI\u003c/a> of an unidentified person at the encampment with a green headband resembling those worn by Hamas, according to \u003cem>The Stanford Daily\u003c/em>, the school’s independent student newspaper\u003cstrong>. \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003cstrong>University of Southern California \u003c/strong>made headlines in mid-April when the administration announced \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2024/04/19/us/usc-cancels-outside-speakers-2024-commencement/index.html#:~:text=The%20University%20of%20Southern%20California%20announced%20it's%20calling%20off%20appearances,what%20it%20called%20security%20concerns.\">it was canceling the commencement speech\u003c/a> of its Muslim valediction — who has previously expressed pro-Palestinian views — citing safety concerns. Following the Columbia protests, a large group of students set up a campus encampment last week. On April 24, social media \u003ca href=\"https://www.nbcnews.com/now/video/lapd-marches-towards-usc-protesters-209660485756\">videos\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://laist.com/news/education/pro-palestinian-demonstrators-usc-campus-israel-hamas-protest#how-effective-is-this-form-of-protest\">news coverage\u003c/a> showing the Los Angeles Police Department marching toward campus and arresting \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2024-04-24/usc-pro-palestinian-encampment\">nearly a hundred students\u003c/a> drew national attention. On April 25, the school announced it was\u003ca href=\"https://commencement.usc.edu/2024/04/25/commencement-update-april-25-2024/\"> canceling its main graduation ceremony\u003c/a>. Earlier this week, the university’s president met with pro-Palestine students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most schools in California where protests are happening, however, have so far allowed them to proceed without disruption as long as they are conducted peacefully. \u003cstrong>SFSU\u003c/strong> spokesperson Kent Bravo said the school has long honored the right of community members to peacefully protest \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11984403/sfsu-pro-palestinian-encampment-established-as-students-rally-for-divestment\">“while preserving a safe campus environment.”\u003cbr>\n\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Sacramento State\u003c/strong> President Luke Woods extended approval for the pro-Palestinian encampment on that school’s campus. “Our job is not to squash free speech,” Wood said, the \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/thestatehornet/status/1785473239214669939?s=46&t=7BBzFwo6eYLzJIVfAlumEQ\">student newspaper, \u003cem>The State Hornet, reported \u003c/em>on X\u003c/a>. “Our job is to protect safety.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Irvine Mayor Farrah N. Khan took preemptive action and \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/bencamach0/status/1785056654444404887?s=46&t=7BBzFwo6eYLzJIVfAlumEQ\">released a statement\u003c/a> asking the city’s police to “stand down.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I will not tolerate any violence to students’ rights to peacefully assemble and protest,” Khan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At \u003cstrong>UC Berkeley’s \u003c/strong>growing encampment, there has so far been virtually no police intervention, which is in sharp contrast to what’s transpired at UCLA. Dan Mogulof, an administration spokesperson, told \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101905545/whats-next-for-pro-palestinian-campus-protests\">\u003cem>KQED’s Forum\u003c/em>\u003c/a> that the University of California changed its policy on responding to “non-violent political protests” after \u003ca href=\"https://www.dailydemocrat.com/2021/11/18/10-years-later-uc-davis-implements-change-following-pepper-spraying-incident/\">the 2012 Occupy Wall Street movement, during which an officer pepper-sprayed a group of UC Davis protesters\u003c/a>. The new policy, he said, stipulates that school officials should no longer call in law enforcement preemptively but only “when there’s a clear, imminent threat to the campus, to life safety and to the safety of the campus community.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11984625 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/20240501_MAYDAYRALLY-27-GC-KQED-1020x680.jpg']“What we’re seeing around the country, bringing in law enforcement can have unintended consequences and can make the matter worse,” Mogulof said. “But there’s another level. We must, at the same time, be prepared to respond to individual or isolated incidents of alleged criminal behavior, harassment, or discrimination.” (He added that police are investigating an alleged incident in which a Jewish law student, who was also interviewed on the \u003cem>Forum\u003c/em> show, said he was punched while filming at a pro-Palestinian rally.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Thursday, according to the \u003cem>Daily Cal, \u003c/em>Berkeley’s independent student newspaper, the university’s administration had \u003ca href=\"https://www.dailycal.org/featured/uc-berkeley-administration-begins-negotiations-with-free-palestine-encampment/article_3da3ceee-082c-11ef-96a5-5750ec0f7ab4.html\">“begun negotiations”\u003c/a> with the encampment protesters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, UC President Michael V. Drake said in a statement on Tuesday, “The University of California campuses will work with students, faculty and staff to make space available and do all we can to protect these protests and demonstrations.” But he added that “Disruptive unlawful protests that violate the rights of our fellow citizens are unacceptable and cannot be tolerated.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the \u003cem>LA Times\u003c/em>, Drake did not specify what behavior he found disruptive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think that one of the things that’s really distinctive about this moment is that — [and] it has been true for quite a while — that student dissent and student protest around the issue of Israel and Palestine has been more likely to be met with suppressive tactics from administrators and police, than a lot of other kinds of protest,” added Johnston, the historian.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Few schools have met with student protesters to discuss divestment options so far. Some have said their investments mainly consist of large mutual funds rather than holdings in individual companies, which they say \u003ca href=\"https://www.ajc.com/news/atlanta-news/calls-to-divest-from-israel-part-of-campus-protests-thats-not-easy-to-do-experts-say/4FBKI3MFFVBY3K65FYNLDRLD4A/\">makes divestment decisions far more complicated\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford University wrote in an email to KQED that the school’s board makes divestment decisions of trustees. “In 2015, the Board declined a proposal to divest of certain companies doing business in Israel,” it said. “The Board has not received another formal divestment petition on this subject, and its 2015 decision remains in place.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11984510\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11984510\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240425-STANFORDGAZAPROTEST-011-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240425-STANFORDGAZAPROTEST-011-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240425-STANFORDGAZAPROTEST-011-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240425-STANFORDGAZAPROTEST-011-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240425-STANFORDGAZAPROTEST-011-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240425-STANFORDGAZAPROTEST-011-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240425-STANFORDGAZAPROTEST-011-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pro-Palestinian demonstrators march through the Stanford University campus in Palo Alto on April 25, calling for the university to divest from Israel. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"E\">\u003c/a>Have there been previous divestment campaigns?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Divestment campaigns have been pursued for decades by activists fighting for various human rights and environmental causes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s “not unusual at all for that to be a strategy that goes on for decades before winning full fruition,” Johnston said. For example, climate activists have long pushed for \u003ca href=\"https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/4/29/apartheid-to-fossil-fuels-columbias-history-of-divestment-before-gaza\">universities to divest from fossil fuel companies\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2006, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucsf.edu/news/2006/03/101734/uc-regents-vote-divest-companies-business-ties-sudanese-government\">the University of California Board of Regents voted to divest\u003c/a> “from several companies involved in significant business activities that provide revenue to the Sudanese government to continue acts of genocide in Darfur” — an \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2006-apr-09-me-ucsudan9-story.html\">outcome largely credited to student protesters\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The University of California has taken a principled stand against the tragedy in Sudan by severing its financial connections from those nine companies who aid the genocide and by lending its voice to those calling for peace in the region,” Gerald L. Parsky, chairman of the board, said \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucsf.edu/news/2006/03/101734/uc-regents-vote-divest-companies-business-ties-sudanese-government\">at the time\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And perhaps most famously — and drawing the clearest parallels to today’s protests — are the anti-apartheid protests of the mid-1980s, when activists demanded universities and other institutions divest from companies that did business with South Africa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>South Africa’s apartheid was \u003ca href=\"https://history.state.gov/milestones/1989-1992/apartheid\">an institutional system under an all-white government that enforced racial segregation\u003c/a> in \u003ca href=\"https://au.int/en/auhrm-project-focus-area-apartheid\">almost all aspects of life\u003c/a>, a racist system \u003ca href=\"https://www.vox.com/23924319/israel-palestine-apartheid-meaning-history-debate\">that some human rights groups\u003c/a> say mirrors Israel’s treatment of Palestinians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=\"news_11984403,news_11984203,news_11830384\"]In 1985, after the University of California initially refused to divest from companies that did business with South Africa, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/perspectives/201312110735/thank-you-mr-mandela\">students at UC Berkeley and other campuses \u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://www.lib.berkeley.edu/visit/bancroft/oral-history-center/projects/managing-protest\">protested for six weeks\u003c/a>, staging sit-ins, camp-outs, and teach-ins about the apartheid regime. During this time, \u003ca href=\"https://www.lib.berkeley.edu/visit/bancroft/oral-history-center/projects/managing-protest\">hundreds of students were detained by police\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/04/30/1248088063/divest-divestment-university-college-protesters-campus-israel-gaza-invasion\">The pressure campaign\u003c/a> prompted \u003ca href=\"https://www.lib.berkeley.edu/visit/bancroft/oral-history-center/projects/managing-protest\">the University of California \u003c/a>the following year to reverse course and dump some $3 billion of its investments in companies linked to South Africa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnston, the historian, noted that, contrary to popular belief, the anti-apartheid movement didn’t suddenly emerge in the 1980s. Although that’s when it came to a head, he said, the movement actually began in the 1950s and had been building momentum for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The other thing that I think is really important to remember is — as somebody who was on campus in the late 1980s — very few of us expected the kinds of changes that we saw in South Africa to happen as quickly as they did,” Johnston added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The transition of the South African country from apartheid to a multiracial democracy,” he said, “is one that happened in no small part as a result of economic, political and cultural pressure from outside.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Sarah Hossaini, Azul Dahlstrom-Eckman, Matthew Green, and Alexis Madrigal contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story has been updated.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Thousands of California college students and their supporters have joined encampments on campuses large and small across the state, demanding their schools divest from companies that do business with Israel.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1714780438,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":true,"iframeSrcs":["https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/BxKrr/17/"],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":54,"wordCount":2649},"headData":{"title":"Pro-Palestinian Protests on California College Campuses: What Are Students Demanding? | KQED","description":"Thousands of California college students and their supporters have joined encampments on campuses large and small across the state, demanding their schools divest from companies that do business with Israel.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Pro-Palestinian Protests on California College Campuses: What Are Students Demanding?","datePublished":"2024-05-03T11:00:06.000Z","dateModified":"2024-05-03T23:53:58.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"sticky":false,"nprStoryId":"kqed-11984845","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11984845/pro-palestinian-protests-on-california-college-campuses-what-are-students-demanding","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Just weeks before summer break, as most students are wrapping up their semesters or preparing for graduation, pro-Palestinian protests and encampments have sprung up on scores of college campuses across California — as they have throughout the country. While most protests have remained peaceful, a handful of campuses around the state have been rocked in recent days by sweeping law enforcement crackdowns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The encampments have been part of a movement that has spread quickly across the country following the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/04/18/1245642588/nypd-breaks-up-pro-palestinian-protest-at-columbia-university\">New York Police Department’s \u003c/a>first attempted crackdown, in mid-April, of a student demonstration at Columbia University in New York.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think that we really are at a moment that feels historic in a way that student organizing hasn’t in quite a few years,” Angus Johnston, a historian and advocate of American student movements, said earlier this week \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101905545/whats-next-for-pro-palestinian-campus-protests\">on KQED’s \u003cem>Forum\u003c/em>\u003c/a>. “It really was not until Columbia’s crackdown that we saw this explosion of defiance on campuses, whose number is increasing every single day at this point. That is a pace of acceleration that we haven’t seen in a very, very long time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jump straight to:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"#A\">Why are students protesting?\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"#B\">Where are the protests happening?\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"#C\">What do protesters want universities to divest from?\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"#D\">How are colleges responding to the protests?\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"#E\">Have there been previous divestment campaigns?\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"A\">\u003c/a>Why are students protesting?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>While specific goals vary by campus, Johnston said there have been four general demands that student protesters across the country have made of their academic institutions:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Divest from all financial holdings — \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11984140/growing-protests-over-the-israel-hamas-war-puts-spotlight-on-college-endowments\">often through their endowments\u003c/a> — in companies that have ties to Israel or contribute to Israel’s military.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Institute an academic boycott of Israel, including ending all research with Israeli universities that have military ties and canceling studying abroad programs in the country.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Increase transparency about its involvement and connection — financial or academic — to the Israeli military and other institutions.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Offer amnesty to student protesters who have been arrested or received academic discipline.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Malak Afaneh, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11982697/confrontation-at-uc-berkeley-law-school-deans-home-highlights-campus-tensions\">a third-year UC Berkeley law student \u003c/a>and\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101905545/whats-next-for-pro-palestinian-campus-protests\"> co-president of Law Students for Justice in Palestine\u003c/a>, told \u003cem>Forum\u003c/em> that protesters also want the university to officially acknowledge the situation “in Palestine \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/un-expert-says-israel-has-committed-genocide-gaza-calls-arms-embargo-2024-03-26/\">as a genocide\u003c/a> because they’ve failed to do so.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"news_11984645","hero":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240423-BERKELEY-GAZA-ENCAMPMENT-MD-09-KQED-1020x680.jpg","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Israel’s siege of Gaza has been raging for nearly seven months. Israeli forces have killed over 34,000 Palestinians in retaliation for Hamas’ Oct. 7 attack on Israel, in which militants killed some 1,200 people and took 240 hostages, according to Gazan and Israeli authorities, respectively.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Israel’s attacks have displaced some \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/israel-hamas-war-news-04-30-2024-f5e14fd176d69f9c4e23b48f3ab5af6a#:~:text=The%20war%20in%20Gaza%20has,to%20the%20brink%20of%20famine.\">80% of Gaza’s 2.3 million\u003c/a> residents, and the United Nations has rung the alarm about \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/un-chief-says-incremental-progress-toward-averting-gaza-famine-2024-04-30/\">a possible famine in the northern part of the enclave\u003c/a>. The Biden administration has mostly been \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2024/04/24/world/middleeast/israel-us-aid.html\">unwavering in its support of Israel\u003c/a>. Although Biden has more recently demanded that Israel implement new steps to protect civilians and aid workers — and urged its leaders to seek a cease-fire agreement — he has also consistently supported efforts to continue sending huge amounts of military aid to the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/gaza/\">\u003cem>Follow KQED’s coverage of the war\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>, and read about the history of the decades-long conflict in NPR’s \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/series/1205445976/middle-east-crisis\">\u003cem>‘Middle East crisis — explained’ series\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"B\">\u003c/a>Where are the protests happening?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>As of May 2, there are at least 14 pro-Palestinian encampments on college campuses throughout California. They include multiple campuses in the Bay Area, such as \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11984403/sfsu-pro-palestinian-encampment-established-as-students-rally-for-divestment\">San Francisco State University\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11984203/pro-palestinian-protests-sweep-california-college-campuses-amid-israel-hamas-war\">Stanford University\u003c/a>, UC Berkeley, Sonoma State University and the University of San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Pro-Palestinian protests on California college campuses\" aria-label=\"Map\" id=\"datawrapper-chart-BxKrr\" src=\"https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/BxKrr/17/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border: none;\" width=\"650\" height=\"845\" data-external=\"1\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most encampments have been established in central campus locations. At UC Berkeley’s encampment, which began last week, there are now nearly 100 tents — occupied by students, alums and faculty — sprawled in front of Sproul Hall, a center of student life on campus. (Some campuses have also seen counterprotests by supporters of Israel, such as a recent demonstration at UCLA that received \u003ca href=\"https://dailybruin.com/2024/04/27/counter-protests-of-ucla-encampment-raise-over-50000-on-gofundme\">thousands of dollars of support on GoFundMe\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pro-Palestinian student protests have largely been peaceful, noted Johnston, the historian, adding that some people inaccurately view the student protesters of the 1960s as more “disciplined” than their counterparts today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would say that in terms of tactics, the students of 2024 are much more restrained than \u003ca href=\"https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/j.ctt1pp8w8\">the students of 1968, ’69, ’70,”\u003c/a> Johnston said. “They haven’t been engaging in battles with police. We’ve seen only a few building takeovers. We’ve seen very little property destruction.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"C\">\u003c/a>What do protesters want universities to divest from?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Afaneh explained that divestment should include “any of the university’s endowments, any of their partnerships, that are in partnership with institutions complicit in this genocide — whether it be weapons, arms manufacturers, and things like that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Calls for divestment from companies linked to Israel — a key strategy in the global \u003ca href=\"https://bdsmovement.net/what-is-bds\">Boycott, Divest, Sanction\u003c/a> (BDS) movement — is nothing new among student activists \u003ca href=\"https://www.vox.com/23924319/israel-palestine-apartheid-meaning-history-debate\">fighting for the rights of Palestinians\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11984515\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11984515\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240429-SFSU-GAZA-RALLY-MD-10-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240429-SFSU-GAZA-RALLY-MD-10-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240429-SFSU-GAZA-RALLY-MD-10-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240429-SFSU-GAZA-RALLY-MD-10-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240429-SFSU-GAZA-RALLY-MD-10-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240429-SFSU-GAZA-RALLY-MD-10-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240429-SFSU-GAZA-RALLY-MD-10-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">San Francisco State University student Zinaib I. speaks at a rally outside the student center on April 30. \u003ccite>(Martin do Nascimento/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In fact, UC Berkeley’s student government passed \u003ca href=\"https://www.dailycal.org/archives/uc-student-association-votes-to-divest-from-companies-allegedly-violating-palestinian-rights/article_c2874bba-98af-5771-b3a2-4c92c5ba6271.html\">a resolution calling for similar divestment actions in 2015\u003c/a>. The prevalence of such activism has even led to \u003ca href=\"https://www.eastbaytimes.com/2024/04/28/an-obscure-california-law-may-prevent-action-on-protesters-calls-for-divestment-from-israel/#:~:text=The%20law%20forbids%20the%20award,known%20by%20the%20acronym%20BDS.\">anti-boycott laws\u003c/a> in California and other states — legislation condemned\u003ca href=\"https://www.hrw.org/news/2019/04/23/us-states-use-anti-boycott-laws-punish-responsible-businesses\"> by Human Rights Watch\u003c/a> — that has \u003ca href=\"https://theintercept.com/2018/11/22/israel-boycott-canary-mission-blacklist/\">landed some students on blacklists\u003c/a>, potentially affecting their future employment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the main companies activists have targeted include \u003ca href=\"https://www.dailycal.org/archives/uc-student-association-votes-to-divest-from-companies-allegedly-violating-palestinian-rights/article_c2874bba-98af-5771-b3a2-4c92c5ba6271.html\">General Electric, Boeing, Caterpillar, Google and Hewlett-Packard\u003c/a>, all of which, they say, \u003ca href=\"https://www.amnestyusa.org/no-weapons-for-war-crimes/\">profiteer from Israel’s war crimes\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Johnston, the Vietnam War student protests revealed “a web of relationships between universities, the government, the national security state, the military-industrial complex. [And] when those relationships were revealed, the pressure to draw them back became intense.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yousuf Abubakr, a UC Berkeley student studying mechanical engineering, said big \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbsnews.com/sanfrancisco/news/pro-palestinian-protesters-block-entrances-to-lockheed-martin-facility-in-sunnyvale/\">defense contractors like Lockheed Martin\u003c/a> and Boeing often attend engineering career fairs on campus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it’d be great to get engineering students more aware of the companies and their position in this genocide and ethnic cleansing,” he told KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"D\">\u003c/a>How are colleges responding to the protests?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Reactions from colleges have varied significantly across the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>UCLA \u003c/strong>declared its pro-Palestinian encampments \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2024-04-30/ucla-moves-to-shut-down-pro-palestinian-encampment-as-unlawful\">“unlawful”\u003c/a> Tuesday evening, saying students face possible suspension or expulsion, with \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/pplscitycouncil/status/1785203795645063207?s=46&t=7BBzFwo6eYLzJIVfAlumEQ\">videos showing police in riot gear on campus\u003c/a>. On April 30, UCLA’s independent student newspaper reported that \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/dailybruin/status/1785549519989735509?s=46&t=7BBzFwo6eYLzJIVfAlumEQ\">pro-Israel supporters were tearing down pro-Palestinian encampment\u003c/a> barricades, clashing with protesters and allegedly setting off fireworks. The \u003cem>LA Times \u003c/em>reported that security guards \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2024-04-30/ucla-moves-to-shut-down-pro-palestinian-encampment-as-unlawful\">watching the scene did not intervene\u003c/a>. Classes were \u003ca href=\"https://bso.ucla.edu/\">canceled the next day\u003c/a> and UC President Michael V. Drake ordered an independent review of the incident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Early on Thursday morning, \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2024-05-01/la-me-ucla-camp-police\">more than 200 protesters were arrested\u003c/a> as police in riot gear clashed with them and dismantled the encampment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11984868\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11984868\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/AP24123593377542-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/AP24123593377542-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/AP24123593377542-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/AP24123593377542-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/AP24123593377542-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/AP24123593377542-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/AP24123593377542-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/AP24123593377542-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Police advance on pro-Palestinian demonstrators on the UCLA campus Thursday, May 2, 2024, in Los Angeles. \u003ccite>(Ethan Swope/AP Photo)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At \u003cstrong>UC Riverside\u003c/strong> on Friday, pro-Palestinian student protesters said they had reached an agreement with university leaders and \u003ca href=\"https://riversiderecord.org/student-protesters-ucr-administration-reach-agreement-to-end-encampment/\">announced their encampment would be coming down\u003c/a>. As part of the \u003ca href=\"https://documents.ucr.edu/chancellor/May_3_ammended-agreement.pdf\">agreement, signed by its chancellor\u003c/a>, UC Riverside pledged to form a task force of students and faculty to explore the potential removal of the university’s endowment from the UC Investment Office’s management.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At \u003cstrong>Cal Poly Humboldt\u003c/strong>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2024-04-30/cal-poly-humboldt\">students last week took over an administrative building\u003c/a>. On Thursday, \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/us-world/article/cal-poly-humboldt-police-declare-demonstration-19429921.php\">some 300 officers in riot gear arrested 35 protesters\u003c/a>, including \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/E__C___/status/1785353134828839383\">an assistant professor\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2024/04/30/nyregion/california-poly-humboldt-protests-arrests.html\">ending the building takeover\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At\u003cstrong> Stanford University\u003c/strong>, officials have repeatedly warned student protesters in encampments that they are violating campus policies and may face suspension. The school \u003ca href=\"https://stanforddaily.com/2024/04/30/stanford-forwards-encampment-photo-to-fbi/\">also recently sent a photo to the FBI\u003c/a> of an unidentified person at the encampment with a green headband resembling those worn by Hamas, according to \u003cem>The Stanford Daily\u003c/em>, the school’s independent student newspaper\u003cstrong>. \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003cstrong>University of Southern California \u003c/strong>made headlines in mid-April when the administration announced \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2024/04/19/us/usc-cancels-outside-speakers-2024-commencement/index.html#:~:text=The%20University%20of%20Southern%20California%20announced%20it's%20calling%20off%20appearances,what%20it%20called%20security%20concerns.\">it was canceling the commencement speech\u003c/a> of its Muslim valediction — who has previously expressed pro-Palestinian views — citing safety concerns. Following the Columbia protests, a large group of students set up a campus encampment last week. On April 24, social media \u003ca href=\"https://www.nbcnews.com/now/video/lapd-marches-towards-usc-protesters-209660485756\">videos\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://laist.com/news/education/pro-palestinian-demonstrators-usc-campus-israel-hamas-protest#how-effective-is-this-form-of-protest\">news coverage\u003c/a> showing the Los Angeles Police Department marching toward campus and arresting \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2024-04-24/usc-pro-palestinian-encampment\">nearly a hundred students\u003c/a> drew national attention. On April 25, the school announced it was\u003ca href=\"https://commencement.usc.edu/2024/04/25/commencement-update-april-25-2024/\"> canceling its main graduation ceremony\u003c/a>. Earlier this week, the university’s president met with pro-Palestine students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most schools in California where protests are happening, however, have so far allowed them to proceed without disruption as long as they are conducted peacefully. \u003cstrong>SFSU\u003c/strong> spokesperson Kent Bravo said the school has long honored the right of community members to peacefully protest \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11984403/sfsu-pro-palestinian-encampment-established-as-students-rally-for-divestment\">“while preserving a safe campus environment.”\u003cbr>\n\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Sacramento State\u003c/strong> President Luke Woods extended approval for the pro-Palestinian encampment on that school’s campus. “Our job is not to squash free speech,” Wood said, the \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/thestatehornet/status/1785473239214669939?s=46&t=7BBzFwo6eYLzJIVfAlumEQ\">student newspaper, \u003cem>The State Hornet, reported \u003c/em>on X\u003c/a>. “Our job is to protect safety.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Irvine Mayor Farrah N. Khan took preemptive action and \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/bencamach0/status/1785056654444404887?s=46&t=7BBzFwo6eYLzJIVfAlumEQ\">released a statement\u003c/a> asking the city’s police to “stand down.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I will not tolerate any violence to students’ rights to peacefully assemble and protest,” Khan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At \u003cstrong>UC Berkeley’s \u003c/strong>growing encampment, there has so far been virtually no police intervention, which is in sharp contrast to what’s transpired at UCLA. Dan Mogulof, an administration spokesperson, told \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101905545/whats-next-for-pro-palestinian-campus-protests\">\u003cem>KQED’s Forum\u003c/em>\u003c/a> that the University of California changed its policy on responding to “non-violent political protests” after \u003ca href=\"https://www.dailydemocrat.com/2021/11/18/10-years-later-uc-davis-implements-change-following-pepper-spraying-incident/\">the 2012 Occupy Wall Street movement, during which an officer pepper-sprayed a group of UC Davis protesters\u003c/a>. The new policy, he said, stipulates that school officials should no longer call in law enforcement preemptively but only “when there’s a clear, imminent threat to the campus, to life safety and to the safety of the campus community.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"news_11984625","hero":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/20240501_MAYDAYRALLY-27-GC-KQED-1020x680.jpg","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“What we’re seeing around the country, bringing in law enforcement can have unintended consequences and can make the matter worse,” Mogulof said. “But there’s another level. We must, at the same time, be prepared to respond to individual or isolated incidents of alleged criminal behavior, harassment, or discrimination.” (He added that police are investigating an alleged incident in which a Jewish law student, who was also interviewed on the \u003cem>Forum\u003c/em> show, said he was punched while filming at a pro-Palestinian rally.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Thursday, according to the \u003cem>Daily Cal, \u003c/em>Berkeley’s independent student newspaper, the university’s administration had \u003ca href=\"https://www.dailycal.org/featured/uc-berkeley-administration-begins-negotiations-with-free-palestine-encampment/article_3da3ceee-082c-11ef-96a5-5750ec0f7ab4.html\">“begun negotiations”\u003c/a> with the encampment protesters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, UC President Michael V. Drake said in a statement on Tuesday, “The University of California campuses will work with students, faculty and staff to make space available and do all we can to protect these protests and demonstrations.” But he added that “Disruptive unlawful protests that violate the rights of our fellow citizens are unacceptable and cannot be tolerated.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the \u003cem>LA Times\u003c/em>, Drake did not specify what behavior he found disruptive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think that one of the things that’s really distinctive about this moment is that — [and] it has been true for quite a while — that student dissent and student protest around the issue of Israel and Palestine has been more likely to be met with suppressive tactics from administrators and police, than a lot of other kinds of protest,” added Johnston, the historian.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Few schools have met with student protesters to discuss divestment options so far. Some have said their investments mainly consist of large mutual funds rather than holdings in individual companies, which they say \u003ca href=\"https://www.ajc.com/news/atlanta-news/calls-to-divest-from-israel-part-of-campus-protests-thats-not-easy-to-do-experts-say/4FBKI3MFFVBY3K65FYNLDRLD4A/\">makes divestment decisions far more complicated\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford University wrote in an email to KQED that the school’s board makes divestment decisions of trustees. “In 2015, the Board declined a proposal to divest of certain companies doing business in Israel,” it said. “The Board has not received another formal divestment petition on this subject, and its 2015 decision remains in place.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11984510\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11984510\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240425-STANFORDGAZAPROTEST-011-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240425-STANFORDGAZAPROTEST-011-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240425-STANFORDGAZAPROTEST-011-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240425-STANFORDGAZAPROTEST-011-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240425-STANFORDGAZAPROTEST-011-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240425-STANFORDGAZAPROTEST-011-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240425-STANFORDGAZAPROTEST-011-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pro-Palestinian demonstrators march through the Stanford University campus in Palo Alto on April 25, calling for the university to divest from Israel. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"E\">\u003c/a>Have there been previous divestment campaigns?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Divestment campaigns have been pursued for decades by activists fighting for various human rights and environmental causes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s “not unusual at all for that to be a strategy that goes on for decades before winning full fruition,” Johnston said. For example, climate activists have long pushed for \u003ca href=\"https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/4/29/apartheid-to-fossil-fuels-columbias-history-of-divestment-before-gaza\">universities to divest from fossil fuel companies\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2006, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucsf.edu/news/2006/03/101734/uc-regents-vote-divest-companies-business-ties-sudanese-government\">the University of California Board of Regents voted to divest\u003c/a> “from several companies involved in significant business activities that provide revenue to the Sudanese government to continue acts of genocide in Darfur” — an \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2006-apr-09-me-ucsudan9-story.html\">outcome largely credited to student protesters\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The University of California has taken a principled stand against the tragedy in Sudan by severing its financial connections from those nine companies who aid the genocide and by lending its voice to those calling for peace in the region,” Gerald L. Parsky, chairman of the board, said \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucsf.edu/news/2006/03/101734/uc-regents-vote-divest-companies-business-ties-sudanese-government\">at the time\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And perhaps most famously — and drawing the clearest parallels to today’s protests — are the anti-apartheid protests of the mid-1980s, when activists demanded universities and other institutions divest from companies that did business with South Africa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>South Africa’s apartheid was \u003ca href=\"https://history.state.gov/milestones/1989-1992/apartheid\">an institutional system under an all-white government that enforced racial segregation\u003c/a> in \u003ca href=\"https://au.int/en/auhrm-project-focus-area-apartheid\">almost all aspects of life\u003c/a>, a racist system \u003ca href=\"https://www.vox.com/23924319/israel-palestine-apartheid-meaning-history-debate\">that some human rights groups\u003c/a> say mirrors Israel’s treatment of Palestinians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"Related Stories ","postid":"news_11984403,news_11984203,news_11830384"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>In 1985, after the University of California initially refused to divest from companies that did business with South Africa, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/perspectives/201312110735/thank-you-mr-mandela\">students at UC Berkeley and other campuses \u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://www.lib.berkeley.edu/visit/bancroft/oral-history-center/projects/managing-protest\">protested for six weeks\u003c/a>, staging sit-ins, camp-outs, and teach-ins about the apartheid regime. During this time, \u003ca href=\"https://www.lib.berkeley.edu/visit/bancroft/oral-history-center/projects/managing-protest\">hundreds of students were detained by police\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/04/30/1248088063/divest-divestment-university-college-protesters-campus-israel-gaza-invasion\">The pressure campaign\u003c/a> prompted \u003ca href=\"https://www.lib.berkeley.edu/visit/bancroft/oral-history-center/projects/managing-protest\">the University of California \u003c/a>the following year to reverse course and dump some $3 billion of its investments in companies linked to South Africa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnston, the historian, noted that, contrary to popular belief, the anti-apartheid movement didn’t suddenly emerge in the 1980s. Although that’s when it came to a head, he said, the movement actually began in the 1950s and had been building momentum for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The other thing that I think is really important to remember is — as somebody who was on campus in the late 1980s — very few of us expected the kinds of changes that we saw in South Africa to happen as quickly as they did,” Johnston added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The transition of the South African country from apartheid to a multiracial democracy,” he said, “is one that happened in no small part as a result of economic, political and cultural pressure from outside.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Sarah Hossaini, Azul Dahlstrom-Eckman, Matthew Green, and Alexis Madrigal contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story has been updated.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11984845/pro-palestinian-protests-on-california-college-campuses-what-are-students-demanding","authors":["11867"],"categories":["news_8"],"tags":["news_34008","news_27626","news_6631","news_33333","news_33647"],"featImg":"news_11984867","label":"news"},"forum_2010101905623":{"type":"posts","id":"forum_2010101905623","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"forum","id":"2010101905623","found":true},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"gaza-war-ceasefire-talks-continue-as-israel-threatens-rafah-invasion","title":"Gaza War Ceasefire Talks Continue as Israel Threatens Rafah Invasion","publishDate":1714775837,"format":"audio","headTitle":"Gaza War Ceasefire Talks Continue as Israel Threatens Rafah Invasion | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"forum"},"content":"\u003cp>As the war between Israel and Hamas enters its seventh month, U.S., Egyptian and Qatari mediators are awaiting a response from Hamas on a proposed ceasefire deal that calls for the release of Israeli hostages and Palestinian prisoners. But Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu warns that Israel will invade the Palestinian city Rafah – where one million displaced Gazans are seeking refuge – “with or without a deal.” We’ll look at where negotiations stand, what it would take to end the war in Gaza and what the next steps might be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"We’ll look at where negotiations stand, what it would take to end the war in Gaza and what the next steps might be.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1714775837,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":3,"wordCount":98},"headData":{"title":"Gaza War Ceasefire Talks Continue as Israel Threatens Rafah Invasion | KQED","description":"We’ll look at where negotiations stand, what it would take to end the war in Gaza and what the next steps might be.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Gaza War Ceasefire Talks Continue as Israel Threatens Rafah Invasion","datePublished":"2024-05-03T22:37:17.000Z","dateModified":"2024-05-03T22:37:17.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"airdate":1715014800,"forumGuests":[{"name":"Bel Trew","bio":"chief international correspondent, The Independent"},{"name":"Missy Ryan","bio":"national security correspondent, Washington Post"},{"name":"Gregg Carlstrom","bio":"Middle East correspondent, The Economist - author of \"How Long Will Israel Survive? The Threat From Within\""}],"sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/forum/2010101905623/gaza-war-ceasefire-talks-continue-as-israel-threatens-rafah-invasion","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>As the war between Israel and Hamas enters its seventh month, U.S., Egyptian and Qatari mediators are awaiting a response from Hamas on a proposed ceasefire deal that calls for the release of Israeli hostages and Palestinian prisoners. But Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu warns that Israel will invade the Palestinian city Rafah – where one million displaced Gazans are seeking refuge – “with or without a deal.” We’ll look at where negotiations stand, what it would take to end the war in Gaza and what the next steps might be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/forum/2010101905623/gaza-war-ceasefire-talks-continue-as-israel-threatens-rafah-invasion","authors":["243"],"categories":["forum_165"],"featImg":"forum_2010101905630","label":"forum"},"news_11984807":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11984807","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11984807","found":true},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"know-your-rights-california-protesters-legal-standing-under-the-first-amendment","title":"Know Your Rights: California Protesters' Legal Standing Under the First Amendment","publishDate":1714762853,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Know Your Rights: California Protesters’ Legal Standing Under the First Amendment | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>A huge wave of pro-Palestinian demonstrations has swept college campuses across California and the United States more broadly in the last few weeks — on the heels of protests and rallies that have taken over freeways, bridges and buildings over the last six months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These protests — especially the latest actions across college campuses — have been met in California with police presence, arrests and even the threat of further legal action against those involved. Videos last week showed \u003ca href=\"https://www.nbcnews.com/now/video/lapd-marches-towards-usc-protesters-209660485756\">Los Angeles police officers marching into the University of Southern California\u003c/a> to break up pro-Palestinian encampments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this month, California State Assemblymember Kate Sanchez introduced \u003ca href=\"https://www.courthousenews.com/california-bill-would-create-new-infraction-for-protesters-who-block-highways/\">a bill to create a new infraction\u003c/a> for obstructing highways during protests that affect emergency vehicles. In San Francisco, District Attorney Brooke Jenkins announced that she is considering \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11983413/could-protesters-who-shut-down-golden-gate-bridge-be-charged-with-false-imprisonment\">the possibility of charging a group of pro-Palestinian protesters with a felony\u003c/a> for blocking the Golden Gate Bridge, which was met with concerns from civil rights advocates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11975868\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11975868\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240214-GOLDEN-GATE-BRIDGE-PROTEST-JCL-01-KQED.jpg\" alt='People hold up a banner that reads \"Stop Arming Israel\" across the Golden Gate Bridge, blocking traffic.' width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240214-GOLDEN-GATE-BRIDGE-PROTEST-JCL-01-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240214-GOLDEN-GATE-BRIDGE-PROTEST-JCL-01-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240214-GOLDEN-GATE-BRIDGE-PROTEST-JCL-01-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240214-GOLDEN-GATE-BRIDGE-PROTEST-JCL-01-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240214-GOLDEN-GATE-BRIDGE-PROTEST-JCL-01-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240214-GOLDEN-GATE-BRIDGE-PROTEST-JCL-01-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pro-Palestinian protesters calling for a cease-fire in Gaza briefly block traffic on the Golden Gate Bridge on the morning of Feb. 14, 2024. \u003ccite>(Juan Carlos Lara/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Many of these protests have focused specifically on the United States’ financial support of Israel, which is now over six months into its siege of Gaza.\u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.eu/article/israel-strike-rafah-kill-13-gaza-death-toll-surpass-34000/\"> Israeli forces have killed over 34,000 Palestinians\u003c/a>, according to Gaza’s Health Ministry. This is since Hamas’ attack on Oct. 7, which killed some 1,200 people, according to the Israeli government. (\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/gaza/\">Follow KQED’s coverage of the war and its impact on the Bay Area community\u003c/a>, and read more from NPR about the decades-long conflict in its \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/series/1205445976/middle-east-crisis\">Middle East crisis — explained series\u003c/a>)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Lawful protests are, by design, meant to be visible and inconvenient,” said ACLU Northern California’s legal director, Shilpi Agarwal, in response to Jenkins’ announcement of possible charges against the protesters who shut down the Golden Gate Bridge. “Lawful protests often create roadblocks or shut down streets or create traffic.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Margaret Russell — an assistant law professor at Santa Clara University School — said she discussed the protests with \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11984645/photos-campus-protests-grow-across-bay-area\">undergraduate and graduate students\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As the arrests and violence increase, people become fearful of what might happen to them even if they protest peacefully,” she wrote in an email to KQED. “Will they get caught up in an altercation and be arrested? Their determination to speak up is ‘chilled’ or silenced.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you choose to join a protest — about any issue you feel strongly about — what are your legal rights in California? How much does the First Amendment protect protesters, and what can protesters be arrested for? Keep reading for what to know about protesting and the law, and read our other guides to:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11821950/how-to-safely-attend-a-protest-in-the-bay-area\">Attending a rally safely in the Bay Area\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11821950/how-to-safely-attend-a-protest-in-the-bay-area\">How to film the police\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11955465/dolores-hill-bomb-legal-rights-spectator-onlooker\">Your rights as a spectator\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>And remember: If you’re unable to join a rally or protest in person for whatever reason but want to make your stance on any issue known, you always have the option to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11967439/how-can-i-call-my-representative-a-step-by-step-guide-to-the-process\">contact your elected officials to express your opinions\u003c/a>. For more information on what “call your reps” actually means, how to do it, and what to expect as a result, read our explainer: \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11967439/how-can-i-call-my-representative-a-step-by-step-guide-to-the-process\">How Can I Call My Representative? A Step-by-Step Guide to the Process\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What is the First Amendment, and what does it cover during a protest?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The First Amendment of the United States Constitution protects five basic rights: freedom of religion, freedom of speech, freedom of the press, peaceful assembly and petitioning the government. (The \u003ca href=\"https://constitution.congress.gov/constitution/amendment-1/#:~:text=Congress%20shall%20make%20no%20law,for%20a%20redress%20of%20grievances.\">text in full\u003c/a> reads: “Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.”)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California also has its own expansive free speech provisions under \u003ca href=\"https://law.justia.com/constitution/california/article-i/section-2/#:~:text=SEC.,liberty%20of%20speech%20or%20press.\">Article 1, Section 2\u003c/a> of the state’s constitution that protect and reaffirm many of these rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11984815\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11984815\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240415-880GazaProtest-056-BL_qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240415-880GazaProtest-056-BL_qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240415-880GazaProtest-056-BL_qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240415-880GazaProtest-056-BL_qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240415-880GazaProtest-056-BL_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240415-880GazaProtest-056-BL_qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">California Highway Patrol officers ask for people to disperse after demonstrators shut down the southbound lanes of I-880 on the morning of April 15, 2024, in West Oakland. The protesters, engaging in a multi-city ‘economic blockade in solidarity with Palestine,’ marched from the West Oakland BART station to the 7th Street on-ramp and onto the freeway. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“These rights are all really powerful, and they protect our democracy,” said Chessie Thacher, senior attorney with ACLU NorCal’s Democracy and Civic Engagement Program. “But they’re not unlimited, and they depend on various factors.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of those factors, Thacher said, include:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>When you’re speaking:\u003c/strong> Even in public spaces, the government can impose what is known as \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11983413/could-protesters-who-shut-down-golden-gate-bridge-be-charged-with-false-imprisonment\">“time, place and manner restrictions” that dictate certain parameters to try to ensure safety.\u003c/a> An example, Thacher said, is that the city can prevent people from using a loud bullhorn at 2 a.m. in a city square because people may be sleeping. But they can’t stop a person from using the same bullhorn at lunch hour the next day.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Where you’re speaking: \u003c/strong>You have a lot of protections in public spaces, like a park or a sidewalk. But if you are speaking at a private location — like someone’s backyard — “you don’t have many speech protections,” Thacher said. The gray area: If you are speaking in a place that is “sort of public, like a school campus or a library,” then your rights to free speech “are somewhere in the middle,” she cautioned. “But even then, the government can’t punish you because they don’t like you.”\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Who’s speaking:\u003c/strong> If you are speaking as a private citizen on your personal time about something of public concern, your speech is protected. Thacher noted, however, that speech is “a lot less protected” if, for example, you work for the government — since someone may think you are speaking \u003cem>for \u003c/em>the government, and “the government has the right to decide its speech for itself,” she said. This can also happen when a teacher or a police officer is a speaker, and people may assume they are speaking on behalf of their workplace.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>What does the First Amendment \u003cem>not \u003c/em>cover when it comes to protesting?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Thacher said there were some misconceptions about the First Amendment to keep in mind:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>It does not mean freedom from consequences:\u003c/strong> While the First Amendment prohibits the government from punishing you for your speech, “it doesn’t protect you from actions that a private employer might take because of your speech,” Thacher said. “It doesn’t protect you from receiving feedback from people about what you’re saying.”\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>It does not protect the \u003c/strong>\u003ca href=\"https://freeexpression.usc.edu/activism/hecklers-veto/\">\u003cstrong>“heckler’s veto”\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>:\u003c/strong> Meaning that under the First Amendment, within some boundaries, you don’t have the right to shut down another person’s right to speak. For example, this could include yelling louder than another speaker so that other people cannot hear them.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>It does not protect against \u003c/strong>\u003ca href=\"https://pressbooks.pub/civillibertiescasesandmaterials/chapter/fighting-words-and-hate-speech/#:~:text=True%20threats%20involve%20speech%20that,a%20speaker%20against%20another%20individual.\">\u003cstrong>true threats\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>, incitement, fighting words or harassment.\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>The First Amendment also does not protect against \u003ca href=\"https://www.law.georgetown.edu/icap/wp-content/uploads/sites/32/2020/12/Law-enforcement-First-Amendment-Guidance.pdf\">“violent or unlawful conduct, even if the person engaging in it intends to express an idea.” \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Where are places where your rights are strongest?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The First Amendment, Thacher said, dates back to a time when locations like marketplaces were considered to be “the centerpiece of a community” — “so public spaces like town squares, sidewalks and other highly visible, publicly-owned pieces of property that are open to the public are where you have the most rights to free speech.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11984439\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11984439\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240429-SFSU-GAZA-ENCAMPMENT-MD-09-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240429-SFSU-GAZA-ENCAMPMENT-MD-09-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240429-SFSU-GAZA-ENCAMPMENT-MD-09-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240429-SFSU-GAZA-ENCAMPMENT-MD-09-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240429-SFSU-GAZA-ENCAMPMENT-MD-09-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240429-SFSU-GAZA-ENCAMPMENT-MD-09-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240429-SFSU-GAZA-ENCAMPMENT-MD-09-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">San Francisco State University students rally outside the Cesar Chavez Student Center on Monday, calling on the university to disclose its financial ties to Israel and divest from weapons manufacturers. \u003ccite>(Martin do Nascimento/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The only thing people’s rights can be subjected to in public spaces is the reasonable time, place and manner restrictions mentioned above. Those restrictions also must be “content-neutral,” meaning it cannot be specific to your speech, Thacher said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, she added that it is a “totally different equation” if you are at someone’s house — since you are there at the invitation of the property owner, not the government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Places where the public is invited at certain times, such as a public library or a public school cafeteria, are in-between spaces sometimes called a “limited public forum,” and “any restrictions of speech there must be viewpoint-neutral and reasonable in light of the forum’s purpose,” Thacher said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What does the law say about campuses?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Legal experts have interpreted the First Amendment to mean that \u003ca href=\"https://stanfordmag.org/contents/what-the-law-says-about-campus-free-speech\">\u003cem>public \u003c/em>institutions are restricted from punishing speech\u003c/a>. However, California also has \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=EDC§ionNum=94367.\">Leonard’s Law\u003c/a> that \u003ca href=\"https://freeexpression.usc.edu/about-freedom-of-expression-at-usc/leonard-law/\">“prohibits private universities from making or enforcing a rule that subjects an enrolled student to disciplinary sanctions solely on the basis of speech protected by the First Amendment,” \u003c/a>according to the University of Southern California’s website.[aside postID=news_11984625 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/20240501_MAYDAYRALLY-27-GC-KQED-1020x680.jpg']Dan Mogulof, assistant vice chancellor of public affairs at UC Berkeley \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101905545/whats-next-for-pro-palestinian-campus-protests\">told KQED Forum on Tuesday \u003c/a>that the University of California had changed its policy on responding to “non-violent political protests” after \u003ca href=\"https://www.dailydemocrat.com/2021/11/18/10-years-later-uc-davis-implements-change-following-pepper-spraying-incident/\">the 2012 Occupy Wall Street movement in which an officer pepper-sprayed a group of UC Davis protesters\u003c/a>. (UC Davis\u003ca href=\"https://www.sfgate.com/politics/joegarofoli/article/UC-Davis-pepper-spray-officer-awarded-38-000-4920773.php\"> settled a federal lawsuit\u003c/a> with the students, paying around $1 million to the affected protesters.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That policy requires us not to call in law enforcement preemptively, and only when there’s a clear, imminent threat to the campus, to life, safety and to the safety of the campus community,” Mogulof said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What about protesting on roads?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Bridges and highways are considered open public spaces — and public forums — but they are subject to safety and traffic issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There can be civil disobedience. That could be a way of advocating for a cause, but it’s not protected First Amendment right to do that because the public and the government can have a compelling interest in making sure that those roadways and spaces are open and safe,” Thacher said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, she noted that, in her opinion, “a lot of the times, the justification of public safety gets overused to punish protesters and speakers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What can protesters actually be arrested for?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>“If you are looking to exercise your right to free speech lawfully and peacefully, you should not be arrested,” Thacher said. “But sometimes things happen.”[aside postID=news_11984645 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240423-BERKELEY-GAZA-ENCAMPMENT-MD-09-KQED-1020x680.jpg']People at protests may be arrested under suspicion of any crime, but here are some of the most common reasons:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Unlawful assembly\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Failure to disperse\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Disturbing the peace\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Resisting arrest\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Trespassing\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Vandalism\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Property destruction\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Disruption to traffic and safety of vehicles\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Thacher explained there is a scale from infraction, misdemeanor and felony:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Infraction: \u003c/strong>This can be something like a traffic ticket. There’s no jail time.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Misdemeanor:\u003c/strong> An offense that can be punishable by up to one year in jail.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Felony:\u003c/strong> This can be more than one year in prison.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>What happens to a person after they’re arrested depends on the case, Thacher said. A person could be given a citation to appear at a later court date or be given a ticket for an infraction. They may need to sign the ticket, saying there is no need to take them into custody because they promised to appear in court. A person could also be taken into custody at the police department and booked into jail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you are detained and the police say you’re not free to leave, you still don’t have to give a statement or submit or answer any questions,” said Rachel Lederman, an attorney with Partnership for Civil Justice Fund and with the Center for Protest Law and Litigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If police are seeking to question you when you’re under arrest when you’re taken into the jail, you will have to answer some basic booking questions,” Lederman told KQED in \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11955465/dolores-hill-bomb-legal-rights-spectator-onlooker\">2023 after San Francisco police arrested over a hundred people — most of whom were minors — at an annual “hill bomb” event\u003c/a>. “But you don’t have to answer questions about the incident that has led to your arrest.” She said people may not want to give statements or interviews until they consult an attorney (\u003ca href=\"https://www.justia.com/criminal/procedure/miranda-rights/right-to-silence/#:~:text=The%20Fifth%20Amendment%20states%20that,or%20shortly%20after%20an%20arrest.\">invoking your right to remain silent\u003c/a>).\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Do you have to comply with a police officer’s orders during a protest?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>If a police officer asks for your ID during a protest:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, if you are not being arrested, you do not need to show your ID or give your name to a police officer when asked for it — “although sometimes it’s a judgment call about whether that might arouse suspicion,” Lederman said. \u003ca href=\"https://www.aclu.org/know-your-rights/immigrants-rights#:~:text=You%20have%20the%20right%20to,against%20you%20in%20immigration%20court.\">Officers in California can’t also ask about your immigration status\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, “non-drivers cannot be lawfully arrested solely for refusing to provide identification to a police officer,” Thacher said. “But we do know of instances where police officers make the arrest anyway,” she warned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11984654\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11984654\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/20240501_MAYDAYRALLY-25-GC-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/20240501_MAYDAYRALLY-25-GC-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/20240501_MAYDAYRALLY-25-GC-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/20240501_MAYDAYRALLY-25-GC-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/20240501_MAYDAYRALLY-25-GC-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/20240501_MAYDAYRALLY-25-GC-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/20240501_MAYDAYRALLY-25-GC-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jim Martinez, also known as the protest cheerleader, shouts at the May Day rally during International Worker’s Day in the Mission on Wednesday, May 1, 2024. \u003ccite>(Gina Castro/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>If a police officer asks you to move during a protest:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It depends, Thacher said. Some things people should note at the scene include: Why is the officer asking you to leave, and how are they asking you to leave? Do people have the ability to comply with the order, and can you do it reasonably without being put at risk of getting hurt? Are they asking you to move, and you don’t have time to move because it is such a packed crowd?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The officers have the right to ask you to move in certain circumstances, like for public safety … [or] if there’s traffic violations starting to happen,” she said. But “the police can’t ask you to leave and then immediately turn around and arrest you.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Penal Code states that \u003ca href=\"https://law.justia.com/codes/california/code-pen/part-1/title-11/section-409/#:~:text=Previous%20Next-,409.,is%20guilty%20of%20a%20misdemeanor.\">“[e]very person remaining present at the place of any riot, rout, or unlawful assembly, after the same has been lawfully warned to disperse … is guilty of a misdemeanor”\u003c/a> and that also \u003ca href=\"https://codes.findlaw.com/ca/penal-code/pen-sect-148/?DCMP=google:ppc:TRLNA:21219027752:697523562873:161386574133&HBX_PK=&sid=9061275&source=google~ppc&tsid=latlppc&gad_source=5&gclid=EAIaIQobChMI9oapzZDrhQMVfM7CBB2dhAdrEAAYASAAEgLSGvD_BwE\">anyone who “willfully resists, delays, or obstructs” an officer in the line of duty can be punished\u003c/a> by a fine and/or imprisonment.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What should you do if you think a police officer violated your rights at a protest?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Thacher said \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11871364/recording-the-police-what-to-know-and-how-to-stay-safe-doing-it\">people should take note and record details\u003c/a> about encounters with officers, especially when people believe their rights may be violated, such as an officer calling people to disperse in a tightly packed crowd. Some things a person should make note of include:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>The time and date\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The location\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The officer’s badge numbers and names\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Patrol car numbers\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>How often it was said \u003cem>where \u003c/em>you were directed to go\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>“All of that stuff can be important when you’re trying to go back and understand what happened to you,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If someone thinks their rights have been violated, they can take their notes and footage to a legal expert to understand the situation more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Russell, the Santa Clara University School assistant professor, said that if you are a student on a public or private college campus, file a grievance with the school’s relevant office and provide specific details of what happened. Russel said people should also contact their local ACLU’s advice line to provide details. If one can afford legal counsel, groups like the National Lawyers Guild can assist protesters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Think about what your goal is as a protester, and protect yourself accordingly,” she wrote in an email, adding that reputable groups to learn about your rights include one’s local ACLU, Amnesty International and the NAACP. “Educate yourself about civil disobedience and protest rights.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>When does lawful protest become ‘civil disobedience,’ and why do protesters choose this?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Civil disobedience is “the refusal to comply with lawful orders as a form of protest,” Thacher said. For example, when an officer calls for dispersal and people do not move, that is when it goes from protected speech to an act of civil disobedience. It is also \u003ca href=\"https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/civil-disobedience/\">non-violent\u003c/a> by its nature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the most well-known examples of civil disobedience is the 1950s demonstrations by Martin Luther King Jr. during the civil rights movement, which frequently \u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2022/02/26/history-tying-up-traffic-civil-rights-00011825\">involved blocking roads and highways\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11975873\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11975873\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240214-GOLDEN-GATE-BRIDGE-PROTEST-JCL-02-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240214-GOLDEN-GATE-BRIDGE-PROTEST-JCL-02-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240214-GOLDEN-GATE-BRIDGE-PROTEST-JCL-02-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240214-GOLDEN-GATE-BRIDGE-PROTEST-JCL-02-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240214-GOLDEN-GATE-BRIDGE-PROTEST-JCL-02-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240214-GOLDEN-GATE-BRIDGE-PROTEST-JCL-02-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240214-GOLDEN-GATE-BRIDGE-PROTEST-JCL-02-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Protesters block traffic on the Golden Gate Bridge on Feb. 14, 2024. \u003ccite>(Juan Carlos Lara/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“People can choose to practice civil disobedience as a peaceful form of political protest,” Thacher said. “They can mix that with other activities that are protected by the First Amendment, such as lawful assemblies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seth Morrison from the Bay Area chapter of Jewish Voice for Peace told \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11967439/how-can-i-call-my-representative-a-step-by-step-guide-to-the-process\">KQED in 2023\u003c/a> that he would advise would-be protesters contemplating civil disobedience to “consider it carefully and think about the pros and cons … But if you and a good group of people are deeply committed to an issue — if you’ve done your research and if you have tried through normal channels and not gotten a response — civil disobedience is something you should think about.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thacher said that while the First Amendment \u003cem>may \u003c/em>not protect activities like blocking a bridge as the goal of the protest, this kind of action could be an effective act of civil disobedience nonetheless.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of times protests and civil disobedience can be put under the same umbrella of ‘civil unrest,’ and then everyone thinks it’s all the same thing,” she said. “But protest and exercising your right to demonstrate and peacefully assemble is protected.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/amadrigal\">Alexis Madrigal\u003c/a> contributed to this story. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"In California, protesters have legal rights protected by the First Amendment, but understanding what actions may lead to arrest is essential when participating in protests on various issues.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1714777826,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":50,"wordCount":3156},"headData":{"title":"Know Your Rights: California Protesters' Legal Standing Under the First Amendment | KQED","description":"In California, protesters have legal rights protected by the First Amendment, but understanding what actions may lead to arrest is essential when participating in protests on various issues.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Know Your Rights: California Protesters' Legal Standing Under the First Amendment","datePublished":"2024-05-03T19:00:53.000Z","dateModified":"2024-05-03T23:10:26.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"sticky":false,"nprStoryId":"kqed-11984807","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11984807/know-your-rights-california-protesters-legal-standing-under-the-first-amendment","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A huge wave of pro-Palestinian demonstrations has swept college campuses across California and the United States more broadly in the last few weeks — on the heels of protests and rallies that have taken over freeways, bridges and buildings over the last six months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These protests — especially the latest actions across college campuses — have been met in California with police presence, arrests and even the threat of further legal action against those involved. Videos last week showed \u003ca href=\"https://www.nbcnews.com/now/video/lapd-marches-towards-usc-protesters-209660485756\">Los Angeles police officers marching into the University of Southern California\u003c/a> to break up pro-Palestinian encampments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this month, California State Assemblymember Kate Sanchez introduced \u003ca href=\"https://www.courthousenews.com/california-bill-would-create-new-infraction-for-protesters-who-block-highways/\">a bill to create a new infraction\u003c/a> for obstructing highways during protests that affect emergency vehicles. In San Francisco, District Attorney Brooke Jenkins announced that she is considering \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11983413/could-protesters-who-shut-down-golden-gate-bridge-be-charged-with-false-imprisonment\">the possibility of charging a group of pro-Palestinian protesters with a felony\u003c/a> for blocking the Golden Gate Bridge, which was met with concerns from civil rights advocates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11975868\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11975868\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240214-GOLDEN-GATE-BRIDGE-PROTEST-JCL-01-KQED.jpg\" alt='People hold up a banner that reads \"Stop Arming Israel\" across the Golden Gate Bridge, blocking traffic.' width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240214-GOLDEN-GATE-BRIDGE-PROTEST-JCL-01-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240214-GOLDEN-GATE-BRIDGE-PROTEST-JCL-01-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240214-GOLDEN-GATE-BRIDGE-PROTEST-JCL-01-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240214-GOLDEN-GATE-BRIDGE-PROTEST-JCL-01-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240214-GOLDEN-GATE-BRIDGE-PROTEST-JCL-01-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240214-GOLDEN-GATE-BRIDGE-PROTEST-JCL-01-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pro-Palestinian protesters calling for a cease-fire in Gaza briefly block traffic on the Golden Gate Bridge on the morning of Feb. 14, 2024. \u003ccite>(Juan Carlos Lara/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Many of these protests have focused specifically on the United States’ financial support of Israel, which is now over six months into its siege of Gaza.\u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.eu/article/israel-strike-rafah-kill-13-gaza-death-toll-surpass-34000/\"> Israeli forces have killed over 34,000 Palestinians\u003c/a>, according to Gaza’s Health Ministry. This is since Hamas’ attack on Oct. 7, which killed some 1,200 people, according to the Israeli government. (\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/gaza/\">Follow KQED’s coverage of the war and its impact on the Bay Area community\u003c/a>, and read more from NPR about the decades-long conflict in its \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/series/1205445976/middle-east-crisis\">Middle East crisis — explained series\u003c/a>)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Lawful protests are, by design, meant to be visible and inconvenient,” said ACLU Northern California’s legal director, Shilpi Agarwal, in response to Jenkins’ announcement of possible charges against the protesters who shut down the Golden Gate Bridge. “Lawful protests often create roadblocks or shut down streets or create traffic.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Margaret Russell — an assistant law professor at Santa Clara University School — said she discussed the protests with \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11984645/photos-campus-protests-grow-across-bay-area\">undergraduate and graduate students\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As the arrests and violence increase, people become fearful of what might happen to them even if they protest peacefully,” she wrote in an email to KQED. “Will they get caught up in an altercation and be arrested? Their determination to speak up is ‘chilled’ or silenced.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you choose to join a protest — about any issue you feel strongly about — what are your legal rights in California? How much does the First Amendment protect protesters, and what can protesters be arrested for? Keep reading for what to know about protesting and the law, and read our other guides to:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11821950/how-to-safely-attend-a-protest-in-the-bay-area\">Attending a rally safely in the Bay Area\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11821950/how-to-safely-attend-a-protest-in-the-bay-area\">How to film the police\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11955465/dolores-hill-bomb-legal-rights-spectator-onlooker\">Your rights as a spectator\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>And remember: If you’re unable to join a rally or protest in person for whatever reason but want to make your stance on any issue known, you always have the option to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11967439/how-can-i-call-my-representative-a-step-by-step-guide-to-the-process\">contact your elected officials to express your opinions\u003c/a>. For more information on what “call your reps” actually means, how to do it, and what to expect as a result, read our explainer: \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11967439/how-can-i-call-my-representative-a-step-by-step-guide-to-the-process\">How Can I Call My Representative? A Step-by-Step Guide to the Process\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What is the First Amendment, and what does it cover during a protest?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The First Amendment of the United States Constitution protects five basic rights: freedom of religion, freedom of speech, freedom of the press, peaceful assembly and petitioning the government. (The \u003ca href=\"https://constitution.congress.gov/constitution/amendment-1/#:~:text=Congress%20shall%20make%20no%20law,for%20a%20redress%20of%20grievances.\">text in full\u003c/a> reads: “Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.”)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California also has its own expansive free speech provisions under \u003ca href=\"https://law.justia.com/constitution/california/article-i/section-2/#:~:text=SEC.,liberty%20of%20speech%20or%20press.\">Article 1, Section 2\u003c/a> of the state’s constitution that protect and reaffirm many of these rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11984815\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11984815\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240415-880GazaProtest-056-BL_qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240415-880GazaProtest-056-BL_qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240415-880GazaProtest-056-BL_qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240415-880GazaProtest-056-BL_qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240415-880GazaProtest-056-BL_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240415-880GazaProtest-056-BL_qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">California Highway Patrol officers ask for people to disperse after demonstrators shut down the southbound lanes of I-880 on the morning of April 15, 2024, in West Oakland. The protesters, engaging in a multi-city ‘economic blockade in solidarity with Palestine,’ marched from the West Oakland BART station to the 7th Street on-ramp and onto the freeway. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“These rights are all really powerful, and they protect our democracy,” said Chessie Thacher, senior attorney with ACLU NorCal’s Democracy and Civic Engagement Program. “But they’re not unlimited, and they depend on various factors.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of those factors, Thacher said, include:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>When you’re speaking:\u003c/strong> Even in public spaces, the government can impose what is known as \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11983413/could-protesters-who-shut-down-golden-gate-bridge-be-charged-with-false-imprisonment\">“time, place and manner restrictions” that dictate certain parameters to try to ensure safety.\u003c/a> An example, Thacher said, is that the city can prevent people from using a loud bullhorn at 2 a.m. in a city square because people may be sleeping. But they can’t stop a person from using the same bullhorn at lunch hour the next day.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Where you’re speaking: \u003c/strong>You have a lot of protections in public spaces, like a park or a sidewalk. But if you are speaking at a private location — like someone’s backyard — “you don’t have many speech protections,” Thacher said. The gray area: If you are speaking in a place that is “sort of public, like a school campus or a library,” then your rights to free speech “are somewhere in the middle,” she cautioned. “But even then, the government can’t punish you because they don’t like you.”\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Who’s speaking:\u003c/strong> If you are speaking as a private citizen on your personal time about something of public concern, your speech is protected. Thacher noted, however, that speech is “a lot less protected” if, for example, you work for the government — since someone may think you are speaking \u003cem>for \u003c/em>the government, and “the government has the right to decide its speech for itself,” she said. This can also happen when a teacher or a police officer is a speaker, and people may assume they are speaking on behalf of their workplace.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>What does the First Amendment \u003cem>not \u003c/em>cover when it comes to protesting?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Thacher said there were some misconceptions about the First Amendment to keep in mind:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>It does not mean freedom from consequences:\u003c/strong> While the First Amendment prohibits the government from punishing you for your speech, “it doesn’t protect you from actions that a private employer might take because of your speech,” Thacher said. “It doesn’t protect you from receiving feedback from people about what you’re saying.”\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>It does not protect the \u003c/strong>\u003ca href=\"https://freeexpression.usc.edu/activism/hecklers-veto/\">\u003cstrong>“heckler’s veto”\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>:\u003c/strong> Meaning that under the First Amendment, within some boundaries, you don’t have the right to shut down another person’s right to speak. For example, this could include yelling louder than another speaker so that other people cannot hear them.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>It does not protect against \u003c/strong>\u003ca href=\"https://pressbooks.pub/civillibertiescasesandmaterials/chapter/fighting-words-and-hate-speech/#:~:text=True%20threats%20involve%20speech%20that,a%20speaker%20against%20another%20individual.\">\u003cstrong>true threats\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>, incitement, fighting words or harassment.\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>The First Amendment also does not protect against \u003ca href=\"https://www.law.georgetown.edu/icap/wp-content/uploads/sites/32/2020/12/Law-enforcement-First-Amendment-Guidance.pdf\">“violent or unlawful conduct, even if the person engaging in it intends to express an idea.” \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Where are places where your rights are strongest?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The First Amendment, Thacher said, dates back to a time when locations like marketplaces were considered to be “the centerpiece of a community” — “so public spaces like town squares, sidewalks and other highly visible, publicly-owned pieces of property that are open to the public are where you have the most rights to free speech.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11984439\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11984439\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240429-SFSU-GAZA-ENCAMPMENT-MD-09-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240429-SFSU-GAZA-ENCAMPMENT-MD-09-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240429-SFSU-GAZA-ENCAMPMENT-MD-09-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240429-SFSU-GAZA-ENCAMPMENT-MD-09-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240429-SFSU-GAZA-ENCAMPMENT-MD-09-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240429-SFSU-GAZA-ENCAMPMENT-MD-09-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240429-SFSU-GAZA-ENCAMPMENT-MD-09-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">San Francisco State University students rally outside the Cesar Chavez Student Center on Monday, calling on the university to disclose its financial ties to Israel and divest from weapons manufacturers. \u003ccite>(Martin do Nascimento/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The only thing people’s rights can be subjected to in public spaces is the reasonable time, place and manner restrictions mentioned above. Those restrictions also must be “content-neutral,” meaning it cannot be specific to your speech, Thacher said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, she added that it is a “totally different equation” if you are at someone’s house — since you are there at the invitation of the property owner, not the government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Places where the public is invited at certain times, such as a public library or a public school cafeteria, are in-between spaces sometimes called a “limited public forum,” and “any restrictions of speech there must be viewpoint-neutral and reasonable in light of the forum’s purpose,” Thacher said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What does the law say about campuses?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Legal experts have interpreted the First Amendment to mean that \u003ca href=\"https://stanfordmag.org/contents/what-the-law-says-about-campus-free-speech\">\u003cem>public \u003c/em>institutions are restricted from punishing speech\u003c/a>. However, California also has \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=EDC§ionNum=94367.\">Leonard’s Law\u003c/a> that \u003ca href=\"https://freeexpression.usc.edu/about-freedom-of-expression-at-usc/leonard-law/\">“prohibits private universities from making or enforcing a rule that subjects an enrolled student to disciplinary sanctions solely on the basis of speech protected by the First Amendment,” \u003c/a>according to the University of Southern California’s website.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"news_11984625","hero":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/20240501_MAYDAYRALLY-27-GC-KQED-1020x680.jpg","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Dan Mogulof, assistant vice chancellor of public affairs at UC Berkeley \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101905545/whats-next-for-pro-palestinian-campus-protests\">told KQED Forum on Tuesday \u003c/a>that the University of California had changed its policy on responding to “non-violent political protests” after \u003ca href=\"https://www.dailydemocrat.com/2021/11/18/10-years-later-uc-davis-implements-change-following-pepper-spraying-incident/\">the 2012 Occupy Wall Street movement in which an officer pepper-sprayed a group of UC Davis protesters\u003c/a>. (UC Davis\u003ca href=\"https://www.sfgate.com/politics/joegarofoli/article/UC-Davis-pepper-spray-officer-awarded-38-000-4920773.php\"> settled a federal lawsuit\u003c/a> with the students, paying around $1 million to the affected protesters.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That policy requires us not to call in law enforcement preemptively, and only when there’s a clear, imminent threat to the campus, to life, safety and to the safety of the campus community,” Mogulof said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What about protesting on roads?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Bridges and highways are considered open public spaces — and public forums — but they are subject to safety and traffic issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There can be civil disobedience. That could be a way of advocating for a cause, but it’s not protected First Amendment right to do that because the public and the government can have a compelling interest in making sure that those roadways and spaces are open and safe,” Thacher said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, she noted that, in her opinion, “a lot of the times, the justification of public safety gets overused to punish protesters and speakers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What can protesters actually be arrested for?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>“If you are looking to exercise your right to free speech lawfully and peacefully, you should not be arrested,” Thacher said. “But sometimes things happen.”\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"news_11984645","hero":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240423-BERKELEY-GAZA-ENCAMPMENT-MD-09-KQED-1020x680.jpg","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>People at protests may be arrested under suspicion of any crime, but here are some of the most common reasons:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Unlawful assembly\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Failure to disperse\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Disturbing the peace\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Resisting arrest\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Trespassing\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Vandalism\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Property destruction\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Disruption to traffic and safety of vehicles\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Thacher explained there is a scale from infraction, misdemeanor and felony:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Infraction: \u003c/strong>This can be something like a traffic ticket. There’s no jail time.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Misdemeanor:\u003c/strong> An offense that can be punishable by up to one year in jail.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Felony:\u003c/strong> This can be more than one year in prison.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>What happens to a person after they’re arrested depends on the case, Thacher said. A person could be given a citation to appear at a later court date or be given a ticket for an infraction. They may need to sign the ticket, saying there is no need to take them into custody because they promised to appear in court. A person could also be taken into custody at the police department and booked into jail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you are detained and the police say you’re not free to leave, you still don’t have to give a statement or submit or answer any questions,” said Rachel Lederman, an attorney with Partnership for Civil Justice Fund and with the Center for Protest Law and Litigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If police are seeking to question you when you’re under arrest when you’re taken into the jail, you will have to answer some basic booking questions,” Lederman told KQED in \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11955465/dolores-hill-bomb-legal-rights-spectator-onlooker\">2023 after San Francisco police arrested over a hundred people — most of whom were minors — at an annual “hill bomb” event\u003c/a>. “But you don’t have to answer questions about the incident that has led to your arrest.” She said people may not want to give statements or interviews until they consult an attorney (\u003ca href=\"https://www.justia.com/criminal/procedure/miranda-rights/right-to-silence/#:~:text=The%20Fifth%20Amendment%20states%20that,or%20shortly%20after%20an%20arrest.\">invoking your right to remain silent\u003c/a>).\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Do you have to comply with a police officer’s orders during a protest?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>If a police officer asks for your ID during a protest:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, if you are not being arrested, you do not need to show your ID or give your name to a police officer when asked for it — “although sometimes it’s a judgment call about whether that might arouse suspicion,” Lederman said. \u003ca href=\"https://www.aclu.org/know-your-rights/immigrants-rights#:~:text=You%20have%20the%20right%20to,against%20you%20in%20immigration%20court.\">Officers in California can’t also ask about your immigration status\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, “non-drivers cannot be lawfully arrested solely for refusing to provide identification to a police officer,” Thacher said. “But we do know of instances where police officers make the arrest anyway,” she warned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11984654\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11984654\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/20240501_MAYDAYRALLY-25-GC-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/20240501_MAYDAYRALLY-25-GC-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/20240501_MAYDAYRALLY-25-GC-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/20240501_MAYDAYRALLY-25-GC-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/20240501_MAYDAYRALLY-25-GC-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/20240501_MAYDAYRALLY-25-GC-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/20240501_MAYDAYRALLY-25-GC-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jim Martinez, also known as the protest cheerleader, shouts at the May Day rally during International Worker’s Day in the Mission on Wednesday, May 1, 2024. \u003ccite>(Gina Castro/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>If a police officer asks you to move during a protest:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It depends, Thacher said. Some things people should note at the scene include: Why is the officer asking you to leave, and how are they asking you to leave? Do people have the ability to comply with the order, and can you do it reasonably without being put at risk of getting hurt? Are they asking you to move, and you don’t have time to move because it is such a packed crowd?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The officers have the right to ask you to move in certain circumstances, like for public safety … [or] if there’s traffic violations starting to happen,” she said. But “the police can’t ask you to leave and then immediately turn around and arrest you.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Penal Code states that \u003ca href=\"https://law.justia.com/codes/california/code-pen/part-1/title-11/section-409/#:~:text=Previous%20Next-,409.,is%20guilty%20of%20a%20misdemeanor.\">“[e]very person remaining present at the place of any riot, rout, or unlawful assembly, after the same has been lawfully warned to disperse … is guilty of a misdemeanor”\u003c/a> and that also \u003ca href=\"https://codes.findlaw.com/ca/penal-code/pen-sect-148/?DCMP=google:ppc:TRLNA:21219027752:697523562873:161386574133&HBX_PK=&sid=9061275&source=google~ppc&tsid=latlppc&gad_source=5&gclid=EAIaIQobChMI9oapzZDrhQMVfM7CBB2dhAdrEAAYASAAEgLSGvD_BwE\">anyone who “willfully resists, delays, or obstructs” an officer in the line of duty can be punished\u003c/a> by a fine and/or imprisonment.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What should you do if you think a police officer violated your rights at a protest?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Thacher said \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11871364/recording-the-police-what-to-know-and-how-to-stay-safe-doing-it\">people should take note and record details\u003c/a> about encounters with officers, especially when people believe their rights may be violated, such as an officer calling people to disperse in a tightly packed crowd. Some things a person should make note of include:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>The time and date\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The location\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The officer’s badge numbers and names\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Patrol car numbers\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>How often it was said \u003cem>where \u003c/em>you were directed to go\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>“All of that stuff can be important when you’re trying to go back and understand what happened to you,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If someone thinks their rights have been violated, they can take their notes and footage to a legal expert to understand the situation more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Russell, the Santa Clara University School assistant professor, said that if you are a student on a public or private college campus, file a grievance with the school’s relevant office and provide specific details of what happened. Russel said people should also contact their local ACLU’s advice line to provide details. If one can afford legal counsel, groups like the National Lawyers Guild can assist protesters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Think about what your goal is as a protester, and protect yourself accordingly,” she wrote in an email, adding that reputable groups to learn about your rights include one’s local ACLU, Amnesty International and the NAACP. “Educate yourself about civil disobedience and protest rights.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>When does lawful protest become ‘civil disobedience,’ and why do protesters choose this?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Civil disobedience is “the refusal to comply with lawful orders as a form of protest,” Thacher said. For example, when an officer calls for dispersal and people do not move, that is when it goes from protected speech to an act of civil disobedience. It is also \u003ca href=\"https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/civil-disobedience/\">non-violent\u003c/a> by its nature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the most well-known examples of civil disobedience is the 1950s demonstrations by Martin Luther King Jr. during the civil rights movement, which frequently \u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2022/02/26/history-tying-up-traffic-civil-rights-00011825\">involved blocking roads and highways\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11975873\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11975873\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240214-GOLDEN-GATE-BRIDGE-PROTEST-JCL-02-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240214-GOLDEN-GATE-BRIDGE-PROTEST-JCL-02-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240214-GOLDEN-GATE-BRIDGE-PROTEST-JCL-02-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240214-GOLDEN-GATE-BRIDGE-PROTEST-JCL-02-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240214-GOLDEN-GATE-BRIDGE-PROTEST-JCL-02-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240214-GOLDEN-GATE-BRIDGE-PROTEST-JCL-02-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240214-GOLDEN-GATE-BRIDGE-PROTEST-JCL-02-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Protesters block traffic on the Golden Gate Bridge on Feb. 14, 2024. \u003ccite>(Juan Carlos Lara/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“People can choose to practice civil disobedience as a peaceful form of political protest,” Thacher said. “They can mix that with other activities that are protected by the First Amendment, such as lawful assemblies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seth Morrison from the Bay Area chapter of Jewish Voice for Peace told \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11967439/how-can-i-call-my-representative-a-step-by-step-guide-to-the-process\">KQED in 2023\u003c/a> that he would advise would-be protesters contemplating civil disobedience to “consider it carefully and think about the pros and cons … But if you and a good group of people are deeply committed to an issue — if you’ve done your research and if you have tried through normal channels and not gotten a response — civil disobedience is something you should think about.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thacher said that while the First Amendment \u003cem>may \u003c/em>not protect activities like blocking a bridge as the goal of the protest, this kind of action could be an effective act of civil disobedience nonetheless.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of times protests and civil disobedience can be put under the same umbrella of ‘civil unrest,’ and then everyone thinks it’s all the same thing,” she said. “But protest and exercising your right to demonstrate and peacefully assemble is protected.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/amadrigal\">Alexis Madrigal\u003c/a> contributed to this story. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11984807/know-your-rights-california-protesters-legal-standing-under-the-first-amendment","authors":["11867"],"categories":["news_31795","news_8"],"tags":["news_32707","news_18538","news_34008","news_4750","news_23960","news_6631","news_33333","news_745"],"featImg":"news_11984510","label":"news"},"news_11782405":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11782405","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11782405","found":true},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"tunnels-under-san-francisco-inside-the-dark-dangerous-world-of-the-sewers","title":"Tunnels Under San Francisco? Inside the Dark, Dangerous World of the Sewers","publishDate":1714644006,"format":"video","headTitle":"Tunnels Under San Francisco? Inside the Dark, Dangerous World of the Sewers | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"#episode-transcript\">\u003ci>View the full episode transcript\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here at \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a>, we’ve received a \u003cem>lot\u003c/em> of questions about tunnels under San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Listeners have told us they’ve heard stories of secret passageways running under the city. They’ve asked us, what is the truth about them?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first thing I should tell you is: They’re absolutely real.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>What Lies Beneath?\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The myth of the underground — a silent world hidden under our feet — is an endlessly alluring one. There are, after all, very \u003cem>real\u003c/em> labyrinths under major world cities. Like the infamous \u003ca href=\"http://catacombes.paris.fr/en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">catacombs of Paris\u003c/a>, lined with the bones of the city’s dead, or the \u003ca href=\"https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/odessa-catacombs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">terrifying catacombs under Odesa\u003c/a> in Ukraine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some people get so obsessed with the idea of tunnels that they search for underground adventures themselves. They call themselves “urban explorers.” If you hit Google looking for information on San Francisco’s particular underground, there’s a name that comes up again and again — an explorer named \u003ca href=\"http://www.sierrahartman.com/sf-underground\">Sierra Hartman\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11782642\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11782642 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/Sierra-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"700\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/Sierra-1.png 700w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/Sierra-1-160x103.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Somewhere under San Francisco. \u003ccite>(Sierra Hartman)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A photographer and writer, Hartman’s haunting photographs of shadowy spaces under S.F. are, for many people, their first clue that this particular world of tunnels really does exist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it’s just ingrained in human nature, you know?” Hartman says of the drive to venture below. “You wonder what’s down there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hartman lives in Tacoma, Washington, but grew up in Southern California. It was roaming around on his bike as a kid with friends, Goonies-style, that he discovered the dark urban waterways in his hometown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You take a 12-year-old kid and show them an entrance of a tunnel? Like, they’re \u003cem>going\u003c/em> to go in,” Hartman says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11782644\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11782644 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/0_v96zDttNjTR0Bhsu_.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"700\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/0_v96zDttNjTR0Bhsu_.png 700w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/0_v96zDttNjTR0Bhsu_-160x103.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Somewhere under San Francisco. \u003ccite>(Sierra Hartman)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Arriving in San Francisco later in life, he began exploring the city’s streets at night with his camera. One of those nights, a chance encounter with a manhole left open led him beneath the San Francisco for the first time — and sparked an adult passion for urban exploration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Across the sleeping city, Hartman found entrances to dark, dripping tunnels, sloshing wet, that stretched for miles into the blackness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So much of it is just overgrown,” he says of those doorways. “You don’t \u003cem>realize\u003c/em> that there is a whole underground part of this thing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like many urban explorers, Hartman says, he enjoyed the thrill of the hunt almost as much as the actual discovery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Like solving a puzzle,” he says. “It’s as much about solving the mystery and finding the thing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11782645\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11782645 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/0_bKc1L_JmfVh4mTQZ_.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"700\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/0_bKc1L_JmfVh4mTQZ_.png 700w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/0_bKc1L_JmfVh4mTQZ_-160x103.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Somewhere under San Francisco. \u003ccite>(Sierra Hartman)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>He used a mixture of publicly available records and maps, Google Earth, and whispers from fellow urban explorers, who are notoriously secretive about their finds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least some of that is due to the risks of their enterprise. Bodily dangers aside, urban exploration represents “at best a gray area of legality in some places, and outright trespassing in other places,” as Hartman puts it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is the part where I tell you that this underground network Hartman risked bodily harm to venture into is no mysterious labyrinth built by shadowy figures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s San Francisco’s huge sewer network.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriouspodcastinfo]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>A Complex World You Don’t See\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>“I crawl through a lot of sewer pipes. That’s basically my job,” says Megan Abadie, an assistant engineer for the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission wastewater enterprise. Her job sees her enter those same tunnels — legally — to make sure that this giant, intricate system filled with your waste keeps working the way it’s meant to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11782900\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11782900 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39803__M6A1972-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39803__M6A1972-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39803__M6A1972-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39803__M6A1972-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39803__M6A1972-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39803__M6A1972-qut-1200x800.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Megan Abadie in her office at San Francisco’s Public Utilities Commission. \u003ccite>(Sruti Mamidanna/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>There are a lot of misconceptions about the sewers, Abadie says. For one, what we surface-dwellers call “tunnels” aren’t truly tunnels — a term that specifically means a long run of pipe bored out of the earth with only a few manholes attached. When we talk of the “tunnels under San Francisco,” we’re usually talking, in fact, about sewer mains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco is 49 square miles but has over 1,000 miles of sewer mains under every block. What makes our system unique in California is the fact that it’s a combined system. Instead of stormwater and sewage water being separated into different pipes, as they are elsewhere in the state, in San Francisco, it all flows into the same set of pipes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11782624\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11782624 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39789_Megan_Tunnel_05-qut-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39789_Megan_Tunnel_05-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39789_Megan_Tunnel_05-qut-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39789_Megan_Tunnel_05-qut-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39789_Megan_Tunnel_05-qut-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39789_Megan_Tunnel_05-qut.jpg 1885w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Megan Abadie, deep in the San Francisco sewers. \u003ccite>(Sruti Mamidanna/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This is a legacy of the city’s relative age, with the foundations of our modern-day sewers being laid during the Gold Rush — in what Abadie describes as “a very ad hoc system … people would build pipes to just connect to the nearest creek.” There are still some pipes under your feet that date from the 1840s, she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just like in New York — another old, dense city — it was too hard to rip up San Francisco’s sewer network to replace the old system with secondary pipes. So we’ve repaired and adapted our old system, which is why this city still has those big, wide sewer mains … that people can’t seem to stay out of.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>A Lethal Labyrinth\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>“There’s a lot of things that can happen in the sewer that can actually kill you pretty easily,” Abadie reminds me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For one thing, there’s the risk of drowning down there. Because of San Francisco’s steep topography, Abadie and her colleagues never enter the sewers if there’s so much as a drizzle of rain anywhere in the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11782637\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11782637 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39787_Megan_Tunnel_02-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39787_Megan_Tunnel_02-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39787_Megan_Tunnel_02-qut-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39787_Megan_Tunnel_02-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39787_Megan_Tunnel_02-qut-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39787_Megan_Tunnel_02-qut-1200x675.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Megan Abadie in the sewers of San Francisco. \u003ccite>(Sruti Mamidanna/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“If you’re in a large pipe at the bottom of a hill, it doesn’t take much for a big slug of water to hit you, even if it’s not raining very much where you are,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, there’s the danger of toxic gas, namely hydrogen sulfide, produced when organic material (waste matter, seaweed) starts to decompose. At low levels, it has a distinctive smell of rotten eggs. At higher levels, it affects a person’s sense of smell entirely and can knock you out — and kill you — within minutes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11782625\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11782625 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39796_Tunnel_02-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39796_Tunnel_02-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39796_Tunnel_02-qut-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39796_Tunnel_02-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39796_Tunnel_02-qut-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39796_Tunnel_02-qut-1200x675.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Megan Abadie in the San Francisco sewers. \u003ccite>(Sruti Mamidanna/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On top of \u003cem>that\u003c/em>, there’s the threat of simply getting lost, injured or both in the sewers. Abadie and her fellow inspectors are equipped with accurate maps and supported by a large chain of people both below and above ground — weather spotters, medics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When I go into the sewer system, I know exactly where I am. … You go into a pipe that you see sticking out somewhere? Open up a manhole? You’re not going to know where you are,” Abadie says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11782638\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11782638 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39773_Carly_DischargePipe-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39773_Carly_DischargePipe-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39773_Carly_DischargePipe-qut-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39773_Carly_DischargePipe-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39773_Carly_DischargePipe-qut-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39773_Carly_DischargePipe-qut-1200x675.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Stooping low in the sewers. \u003ccite>(Sruti Mamidanna/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>After hearing this, I had \u003cem>zero\u003c/em> intention of exploring the sewers alone for this story. But I couldn’t resist asking Megan to take me down to see an underground place that Sierra Hartman had told me about.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>A Trip into the Underworld\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>It looked more like a cave than a sewer, Hartman says. And I knew urban explorers like him would spend months, even years, trying to track down its precise location — because of how striking it looked and how it led right out to the Pacific Ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Abadie knew exactly the place Hartman meant and asked me to wait until the timing was just right when it’d be safe enough at low tide, with no chance of rain. That timing turned out to be very early in the morning on the Fourth of July, the lowest tide of the year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11782626\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11782626 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39779_Carly-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39779_Carly-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39779_Carly-qut-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39779_Carly-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39779_Carly-qut-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39779_Carly-qut-1200x675.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Reporter Carly Severn being lowered into the sewer system. \u003ccite>(Sruti Mamidanna/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As Abadie’s crew secured a harness and waist-high waders to my body, she explained why we’d be taking gas meters and oxygen masks down there. Even though the fast flow of the system we’d be entering would lower the hydrogen sulfide risk, “you can go into a sewer that’s been fine every single time, and one year something can be different,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With safety equipment secured, we were lowered one by one into the tunnel by rope, down a tall, rusting ladder until we finally reached the bottom of the sewer with a splash. The water reached our knees. Ahead, through the humid, misty air, was a long, high tunnel that seemed to stretch for miles in front of us. Down there in the darkness was that “sewer cave” — and the ocean. During the rainy season, Abadie reminded me that the tunnel we stood in would have been full of water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11782631\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1851px\">\u003ca href=\"manho\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11782631 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39786_Megan_entrance-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1851\" height=\"1056\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39786_Megan_entrance-qut.jpg 1851w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39786_Megan_entrance-qut-160x91.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39786_Megan_entrance-qut-800x456.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39786_Megan_entrance-qut-1020x582.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39786_Megan_entrance-qut-1200x685.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1851px) 100vw, 1851px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Reporter Carly Severn is lowered down through a manhole. \u003ccite>(Sruti Mamidanna/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Surprisingly, the sewers don’t smell how you might fear they would: the odor is agricultural, like a farmyard smell. Yet no matter how pleasant this surprise, wading through high sewer water in such humidity quickly becomes exhausting, like walking through deep snow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As we walked through the tunnel, our voices echoing off the walls, Abadie told me about her first entries into the sewers after she started working for the city in 2011. The underground network, she says, reminded her of the vast Mines of Moria in “The Lord of the Rings.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I thought it was really cool. I even thought it was cool seeing a little turd float by! I mean, that’s not something everyone gets to see,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11782632\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1885px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11782632 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39772_Carly_03-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1885\" height=\"1060\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39772_Carly_03-qut.jpg 1885w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39772_Carly_03-qut-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39772_Carly_03-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39772_Carly_03-qut-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39772_Carly_03-qut-1200x675.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1885px) 100vw, 1885px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Exploring deep under San Francisco. \u003ccite>(Sruti Mamidanna/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As we got closer to what \u003cem>I’d\u003c/em> come to see — that cave — the crashing of the Pacific Ocean suddenly grew louder. Looming in front of us, there it was: What looked like the tall, wide mouth of a cave, deep under San Francisco, carved from dark, jutting rock and yawning into more blackness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This,” Abadie says with some pride, “is definitely the most scenic and beautiful combined sewer overflow in San Francisco.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11782633\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"Sruti%20Mamidanna/KQED\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11782633 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39775_Carly_Megan_03-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39775_Carly_Megan_03-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39775_Carly_Megan_03-qut-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39775_Carly_Megan_03-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39775_Carly_Megan_03-qut-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39775_Carly_Megan_03-qut-1200x675.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Carly Severn and Megan Abadie in the mouth of the ‘sewer cave.’\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Passing through the cave, we had to stoop to get through the last part of our journey, our helmets scraping the ceiling. We were now inside the discharge pipe: the way the system can safely get water out during heavy storms, while providing primary-level treatment, when the usual storage areas under the city are full to the brim.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the end of the pipe, the waves we could hear crashing close suddenly became visible, as I found myself looking out at the ocean, framed by rock. After hours underground, it was now daylight out there. That entrance onto the water is, unthinkably, how some explorers try to get \u003cem>in\u003c/em> here via a tiny strip of beach that opens up only for a brief period of time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11782636\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1846px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11782636 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39771_4.34-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1846\" height=\"1038\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39771_4.34-qut.jpg 1846w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39771_4.34-qut-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39771_4.34-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39771_4.34-qut-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39771_4.34-qut-1200x675.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1846px) 100vw, 1846px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A glimpse of the Pacific Ocean. \u003ccite>(Sruti Mamidanna/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As the tide started to rise, the waves started to crash further and further into the pipe toward us, and we knew it was time to go. As we moved back through the tunnel, the difference in smell was palpable: The people of San Francisco were waking up and were starting to use their bathrooms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After being attached to the rope and hauled out of the darkness and up through the manhole again, I was suddenly out of the city’s underworld. Exhausted, after hours of trudging through sewer water, the call of the underground was only more apparent to me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what could people do, I asked Abadie, if after hearing the truth about the darkness and danger down there, they \u003cem>still\u003c/em> couldn’t resist the lure of subterranean exploration?\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11782640\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1891px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11782640 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39791_Megandischarge-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1891\" height=\"1064\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39791_Megandischarge-qut.jpg 1891w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39791_Megandischarge-qut-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39791_Megandischarge-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39791_Megandischarge-qut-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39791_Megandischarge-qut-1200x675.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1891px) 100vw, 1891px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Megan Abadie in the discharge pipe leading out to the ocean. \u003ccite>(Sruti Mamidanna )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We have a lot of people retiring here. You can come work for us!” she says. “We will get you into sewers. It’ll be awesome. Your passion can actually get you \u003cem>paid\u003c/em> to explore sewers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Or become a public radio reporter,” she added. “Those are two ways that you can get into sewers and not die.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story first published on Oct. 31, 2019 and was updated and republished on May 2, 2024. Special thanks to Evan Thompson with his assistance for this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousquestion]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 id=\"episode-transcript\">Episode Transcript\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[Sounds of birds, dog barking]\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Around us all the time is the city that we know. The same stretch of sidewalk we walk on every day, the bus stop on the corner, our favorite restaurants, our neighborhood parks. If you live anywhere long enough, you can think you’ve seen it all. But what if beneath the streets there was another world? A place that’s so close to you all the time, but you wouldn’t even recognize it.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[Bay Curious theme music starts] \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hey everyone, Olivia Allen-Price here. Over the years we’ve been running Bay Curious, we’ve received a bunch of questions about tunnels. Listeners who say they’ve heard stories of secret passageways running under San Francisco. \u003c/span>We aired an episode on the topic in 2019, but your questions have kept on coming … So today we’re going to revisit it, and answer the question do these tunnels exist?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sponsor Message\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Those stories about hidden underground tunnel systems in the Bay Area. They’re true!\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[Underground tunnels echo]\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Carly Severn\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: The structure is absolutely amazing. It’s also quite scary. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: That voice you just heard was recorded deep under the streets of San Francisco, and it belongs to reporter Carly Severn. We sent her to investigate the secret world under the city,\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[Mystical music] \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Carly Severn:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> A lot of you will have heard the legends about the very real labyrinths under major world cities, like the famous catacombs of Paris, that are lined with the bones of the city’s dead. And if you hit Google looking for information on San Francisco’s underground like I did, there’s a name that comes up again and again an urban explorer called Sierra Hardman. And his incredible, haunting photographs of shadowy spaces under the city are, for many people, their first clue that this world of tunnels really exists. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Sierra Hartman: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">I think it’s just ingrained in human nature. You know, you wonder what’s down there. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Carly Severn:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Sierra told me he’s been obsessed with exploring the underground since he was a kid, back when he was growing up in Southern California, riding around on his bike, Goonies style, and peering into dark urban waterways. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Sierra Hartman: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">I mean, you take a 12 year old kid and you show them an entrance of a tunnel like they’re gonna to go in. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Carly Severn: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When he was older, he moved to San Francisco and started roaming the streets with his camera while the rest of the city was sleeping, just looking for secret entry ways underground, guided by maps and city plans and whispers from other urban explorers.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Sierra Hartman: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">So much of it is just overgrown. Yeah, you drove past it so many times you don’t really recognize it as something really special. You don’t realize that there’s a whole, like, underground part of this thing.\u003c/span>\u003cb> \u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Carly Severn: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">He found doorways and manholes that led him down into dark, dripping tunnels stretching into blackness beyond the reach of his flashlight. But this network of underground spaces, this is no secret labyrinth built by shadowy figures. It’s San Francisco’s huge sewer network, and there’s one person in this city that knows the sewers inside out. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Megan Abadie\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: So my name’s Megan Abadie. I’m an assistant engineer for the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission Wastewater Enterprise. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Carly Severn: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Megan’s job is making sure that system – yep – pipes filled with your waste works.\u003c/span>\u003cb> \u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Megan Abadie: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">I crawl through a lot of sewer pipes. That’s basically my job. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Carly Severn: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Wastewater management, what we call sewers, can sound kind of gross, but how this stuff all works is pretty impressive. \u003c/span>\u003cb>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cb>Megan Abadie: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">San Francisco is about a seven by seven, you know, 49-50 mile square city. And we actually have over 1000 miles of sewer main. There’s sewers under every block. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Carly Severn: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The thing about the city’s sewers is many of these pipes are big. Big enough for curious risk takers to walk through rather than crawl, which isn’t possible in many other cities. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Megan Abadie: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">San Francisco has a very different type of sewer system than pretty much any other city in California. It has what’s called a combined system. That means that the stormwater and the sewage water leak from your toilet and your sinks, it all goes into the same set of pipes.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Carly Severn: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">We have an old city, and that one pipe system was how folks did it back then. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Megan Abadie: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">San Francisco’s sewer network, began to be built during the Gold Rush era. So there are some pipes that date from the 1840s. It was a very ad hoc system at that time that people would build pipes to just connect to the nearest creek. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Carly Severn: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Just like in New York, another old dense city. It was too hard to rip up San Francisco’s sewer network to add secondary pipes. So we’ve repaired and adapted our old system, creating a maze of those big wide sewer mains. But listen, if you’re hearing this and are feeling the lure of exploring the world on the San Francisco yourself, \u003c/span>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">don’t\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Seriously.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Megan Abadie: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There’s a lot of things that can happen in the sewer that can actually kill you pretty easily. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Carly Severn: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There was no way I was going to follow in the footsteps of an urban explorer like Sierra Hartmann and go roaming under San Francisco alone. But there was this one particular place that Sierra told me about that I knew I really wanted to see.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[Dramatic music] \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A passageway somewhere beneath San Francisco that’s famous for its otherworldly look. Sierra had to pour over old sewer maps to find it. I was told it looks more like a cave than a sewer. And it leads right out onto the Pacific Ocean. Megan knew exactly the place I meant. And when conditions were just right, she said she’d take me down there herself. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Megan Abadie: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">We’ll be over 200 feet below the ground, actually. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[Crew conversation in the background]\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Carly Severn: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">And so that’s how I end up with Megan and her crew, at 2 AM on the 4th of July in a harness, in a waist-high waders, getting recording equipment taped to my body, about to be lowered down into an open manhole. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Megan Abadie: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">…Does it feel..? Oh, look like it’s a good height, you don’t need to adjust the height.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Carly Severn: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Our underground journey will lead us through a very watery tunnel, through that sewer cave, and into what they call a discharge pipe. Now, that pipe is the way the system can safely get water out during really heavy storms, when the usual storage areas under the city are full to the brim. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Megan Abadie:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Yeah, so when we get out into the discharge pipe, you’re going to hear the ocean, just boring through this final stretch of tunnel. And you can actually, like, feel it. You can’t just hear it – you can feel it in your gut. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Carly Severn: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">I can’t wait!\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As one of her crew is strapping a bright yellow gas meter onto my suit, Megan tells me more about the very real dangers of being in the sewers. The big one is a lethal gas called hydrogen sulfide that can kill you before you know it’s there. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Megan Abadie:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> You can smell it at low levels, it smells like rotten eggs. At higher levels that actually kills the nerves, it kills your smell nerves, it kills your old factory nerves. So at higher levels, at levels high enough to be dangerous, you won’t smell it at all.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Carly Severn:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> And because of the gas risk, I’m getting an air pack too.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Megan Abadie:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> That’s exactly like the, oxygen masks that you have on an airplane. You just put it over your face and breathe through it, and it’ll give you oxygen. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Carly Severn:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Okay, well, fingers crossed we don’t end up using these. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Megan Abadie: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">You won’t, you won’t. But it’s good to know how to.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Carly Severn: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Oh yeah. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">After all this, I’m finally lowered down many feet into the tunnel by rope down a tall, rusting ladder until we splash into knee deep water and into the sewer. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[Sounds of water splashes]\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">And I’m staring down into a long, gaping tunnel that seems to stretch out for miles. Oh my goodness. This is exactly like I thought it would be, from watching horror movies. The air is really damp, exactly like they said it would be. You can kind of see this fine mist in the air, and I can hear my voice echoing in a really crazy way. There’s water flow under my feet… And it’s like walking through stream with a really dirty stream. Speaker 2: [00:08:45] We start to make our way toward the sewer cave that few people have seen. Megan tells me that had it been raining above ground, this tunnel would have been a lethal river of freezing water right up to the roof. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Yeah, this would totally be fun. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Megan Abadie:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Oh, yeah. You wouldn’t – we don’t go into the system when there’s even a drizzle.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Carly Severn: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If you ever wondered what it sounds like to wade through raw sewage, it’s pretty much like this.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[Carly wading through water]\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Weirdly, it does not smell that bad in here. Well, at least not as bad as I thought. Kind of smells like if you spent time on a farm. Kind of smells like that. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Megan Abadie: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When I started working in for the city in 2011 and doing sewer entry.. So that was after the \u003c/span>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lord of the Rings\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> movies came out, and it reminded me of the mines of Moria with all the pillars, except it was full of water. Yeah. I thought it was really cool. I even thought it was cool seeing little turds float by. I mean, that’s not something everyone gets to see. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Carly Severn: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As we get closer to what I’d come to see. That cave, the crashing of the ocean out on the outside world suddenly gets louder. And then looming in front of us, right there in the tunnel. There it is. What looks like the tall, wide mouth of a cave, deep under San Francisco, dark, jutting rock yawning into more blackness. The entrance to the pipe that leads out to the water.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It’s amazing. It looks like it looks like a Middle Earth. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Megan Abadie:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Yeah. Isn’t it beautiful? This is, this is definitely the most scenic and beautiful combined sewer overflow in San Francisco. It’s the only one that’s carved into raw stone like this. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Carly Severn: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">We walk into the cave through a stretch of that discharge pipe, and there’s the final surprise. We can see the Pacific Ocean just feet away, framed by the rock. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[Water flowing] \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">After hours underground, we’re now staring at broad daylight. This entrance, unthinkably, is how some explorers try to get in here from the outside via a tiny strip of beach that only opens up for a brief period of time. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Megan Abadie:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> It’s a bad idea to go into the sewer anywhere, but it’s a really bad idea to go into the sewer via an access point that is only going to be passable for like, an hour or two.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Carly Severn: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Crouching there in that pipe, I see how quickly the waves are starting to rush towards us, a sign that it was time to hurry out of there and back above ground.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Okay, it is definitely smelling a little different on our return journey, and I think that’s because people have woken up by now and let’s just say they are using their bathrooms. And after being reattached the rope and having my tired body hauled out of the darkness and up through the manhole again like that, I am out of the underworld. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[Carly laughing]\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">And out into daylight on the 4th of July. Cool. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">So there you have it. San Francisco’s secret underground is pretty incredible, even if our legendary tunnels are actually some not so secret sewers after all. Except… maybe there’s something Sierra told me that I couldn’t get out of my mind. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[Mystical music]\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Sierra Hartman: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A lot of these sewers are maps. Because in the 1906 earthquake and the entire city, or the entire eastern half of the city anyway, just burned to the ground. They lost tons of records of infrastructure. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Carly Severn: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">And you know what? According to the city, he’s right. So there is still a touch of mystery under San Francisco, after all. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[Music fades]\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> That was KQED’s Carly Seven. This is a story that you really need to see, not just listen to. Video producer Sruti Mamidanna made a video from Carly’s trip and it is very cool. You can find it at \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://baycurious.org\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">baycurious.org\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> – we’ll drop a link in the show notes too. It’s a new month, which means a new voting round is up at \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://baycurious.org\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">baycurious.org\u003c/span>\u003c/a>.\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Let’s hear the choices. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Question 1 : \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">How clean is the Bay Area water? Is it safe to swim? Are some areas better than others? What would it take to get it fully clean or safe? \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Question 2: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Whatever happened to the Bay area’s camels? I went to high school in Benicia and heard things about the camel barns. There are no longer camels in the barns. Where did they go, and why were they there to begin with?\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Question 3: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What’s the deal with the Devil’s Slide? And how did I get that name? Had to \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://baycurious.org\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">baycurious.org\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to cast your vote, for which question we should answer next.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Bay Curious is produced by Katrina Schwartz, Christopher Bill, Tamuna Chkareuli, and me, Olivia Allen-Price with support from Kimberly Low, Molly Wu, Jen Chien, Katie Sprenger, Cesar Saldana, Maha Sanad, Holly Kernan and KQED family. Bay Curious is made in San Francisco at member supported KQED. I’m Olivia Allen-Price. We’ll see you next week. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Take a trip with us into the hidden world lying under San Francisco's streets.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1714656525,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":true,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":126,"wordCount":4782},"headData":{"title":"Tunnels Under San Francisco? Inside the Dark, Dangerous World of the Sewers | KQED","description":"Take a trip with us into the hidden world lying under San Francisco's streets.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Tunnels Under San Francisco? Inside the Dark, Dangerous World of the Sewers","datePublished":"2024-05-02T10:00:06.000Z","dateModified":"2024-05-02T13:28:45.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"videoEmbed":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=726sQLKGAjk","source":"Bay Curious","sourceUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/news/series/baycurious","audioUrl":"https://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3/pdst.fm/e/chrt.fm/track/G6C7C3/traffic.megaphone.fm/KQINC5310262395.mp3?updated=1714610657","sticky":false,"nprStoryId":"kqed-11782405","audioTrackLength":879,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11782405/tunnels-under-san-francisco-inside-the-dark-dangerous-world-of-the-sewers","parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"#episode-transcript\">\u003ci>View the full episode transcript\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here at \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a>, we’ve received a \u003cem>lot\u003c/em> of questions about tunnels under San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Listeners have told us they’ve heard stories of secret passageways running under the city. They’ve asked us, what is the truth about them?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first thing I should tell you is: They’re absolutely real.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>What Lies Beneath?\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The myth of the underground — a silent world hidden under our feet — is an endlessly alluring one. There are, after all, very \u003cem>real\u003c/em> labyrinths under major world cities. Like the infamous \u003ca href=\"http://catacombes.paris.fr/en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">catacombs of Paris\u003c/a>, lined with the bones of the city’s dead, or the \u003ca href=\"https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/odessa-catacombs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">terrifying catacombs under Odesa\u003c/a> in Ukraine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some people get so obsessed with the idea of tunnels that they search for underground adventures themselves. They call themselves “urban explorers.” If you hit Google looking for information on San Francisco’s particular underground, there’s a name that comes up again and again — an explorer named \u003ca href=\"http://www.sierrahartman.com/sf-underground\">Sierra Hartman\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11782642\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11782642 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/Sierra-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"700\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/Sierra-1.png 700w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/Sierra-1-160x103.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Somewhere under San Francisco. \u003ccite>(Sierra Hartman)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A photographer and writer, Hartman’s haunting photographs of shadowy spaces under S.F. are, for many people, their first clue that this particular world of tunnels really does exist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it’s just ingrained in human nature, you know?” Hartman says of the drive to venture below. “You wonder what’s down there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hartman lives in Tacoma, Washington, but grew up in Southern California. It was roaming around on his bike as a kid with friends, Goonies-style, that he discovered the dark urban waterways in his hometown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You take a 12-year-old kid and show them an entrance of a tunnel? Like, they’re \u003cem>going\u003c/em> to go in,” Hartman says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11782644\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11782644 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/0_v96zDttNjTR0Bhsu_.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"700\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/0_v96zDttNjTR0Bhsu_.png 700w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/0_v96zDttNjTR0Bhsu_-160x103.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Somewhere under San Francisco. \u003ccite>(Sierra Hartman)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Arriving in San Francisco later in life, he began exploring the city’s streets at night with his camera. One of those nights, a chance encounter with a manhole left open led him beneath the San Francisco for the first time — and sparked an adult passion for urban exploration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Across the sleeping city, Hartman found entrances to dark, dripping tunnels, sloshing wet, that stretched for miles into the blackness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So much of it is just overgrown,” he says of those doorways. “You don’t \u003cem>realize\u003c/em> that there is a whole underground part of this thing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like many urban explorers, Hartman says, he enjoyed the thrill of the hunt almost as much as the actual discovery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Like solving a puzzle,” he says. “It’s as much about solving the mystery and finding the thing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11782645\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11782645 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/0_bKc1L_JmfVh4mTQZ_.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"700\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/0_bKc1L_JmfVh4mTQZ_.png 700w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/0_bKc1L_JmfVh4mTQZ_-160x103.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Somewhere under San Francisco. \u003ccite>(Sierra Hartman)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>He used a mixture of publicly available records and maps, Google Earth, and whispers from fellow urban explorers, who are notoriously secretive about their finds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least some of that is due to the risks of their enterprise. Bodily dangers aside, urban exploration represents “at best a gray area of legality in some places, and outright trespassing in other places,” as Hartman puts it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is the part where I tell you that this underground network Hartman risked bodily harm to venture into is no mysterious labyrinth built by shadowy figures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s San Francisco’s huge sewer network.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" />\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\n Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>,\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast platform.\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>A Complex World You Don’t See\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>“I crawl through a lot of sewer pipes. That’s basically my job,” says Megan Abadie, an assistant engineer for the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission wastewater enterprise. Her job sees her enter those same tunnels — legally — to make sure that this giant, intricate system filled with your waste keeps working the way it’s meant to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11782900\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11782900 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39803__M6A1972-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39803__M6A1972-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39803__M6A1972-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39803__M6A1972-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39803__M6A1972-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39803__M6A1972-qut-1200x800.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Megan Abadie in her office at San Francisco’s Public Utilities Commission. \u003ccite>(Sruti Mamidanna/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>There are a lot of misconceptions about the sewers, Abadie says. For one, what we surface-dwellers call “tunnels” aren’t truly tunnels — a term that specifically means a long run of pipe bored out of the earth with only a few manholes attached. When we talk of the “tunnels under San Francisco,” we’re usually talking, in fact, about sewer mains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco is 49 square miles but has over 1,000 miles of sewer mains under every block. What makes our system unique in California is the fact that it’s a combined system. Instead of stormwater and sewage water being separated into different pipes, as they are elsewhere in the state, in San Francisco, it all flows into the same set of pipes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11782624\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11782624 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39789_Megan_Tunnel_05-qut-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39789_Megan_Tunnel_05-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39789_Megan_Tunnel_05-qut-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39789_Megan_Tunnel_05-qut-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39789_Megan_Tunnel_05-qut-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39789_Megan_Tunnel_05-qut.jpg 1885w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Megan Abadie, deep in the San Francisco sewers. \u003ccite>(Sruti Mamidanna/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This is a legacy of the city’s relative age, with the foundations of our modern-day sewers being laid during the Gold Rush — in what Abadie describes as “a very ad hoc system … people would build pipes to just connect to the nearest creek.” There are still some pipes under your feet that date from the 1840s, she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just like in New York — another old, dense city — it was too hard to rip up San Francisco’s sewer network to replace the old system with secondary pipes. So we’ve repaired and adapted our old system, which is why this city still has those big, wide sewer mains … that people can’t seem to stay out of.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>A Lethal Labyrinth\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>“There’s a lot of things that can happen in the sewer that can actually kill you pretty easily,” Abadie reminds me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For one thing, there’s the risk of drowning down there. Because of San Francisco’s steep topography, Abadie and her colleagues never enter the sewers if there’s so much as a drizzle of rain anywhere in the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11782637\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11782637 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39787_Megan_Tunnel_02-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39787_Megan_Tunnel_02-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39787_Megan_Tunnel_02-qut-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39787_Megan_Tunnel_02-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39787_Megan_Tunnel_02-qut-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39787_Megan_Tunnel_02-qut-1200x675.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Megan Abadie in the sewers of San Francisco. \u003ccite>(Sruti Mamidanna/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“If you’re in a large pipe at the bottom of a hill, it doesn’t take much for a big slug of water to hit you, even if it’s not raining very much where you are,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, there’s the danger of toxic gas, namely hydrogen sulfide, produced when organic material (waste matter, seaweed) starts to decompose. At low levels, it has a distinctive smell of rotten eggs. At higher levels, it affects a person’s sense of smell entirely and can knock you out — and kill you — within minutes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11782625\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11782625 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39796_Tunnel_02-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39796_Tunnel_02-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39796_Tunnel_02-qut-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39796_Tunnel_02-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39796_Tunnel_02-qut-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39796_Tunnel_02-qut-1200x675.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Megan Abadie in the San Francisco sewers. \u003ccite>(Sruti Mamidanna/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On top of \u003cem>that\u003c/em>, there’s the threat of simply getting lost, injured or both in the sewers. Abadie and her fellow inspectors are equipped with accurate maps and supported by a large chain of people both below and above ground — weather spotters, medics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When I go into the sewer system, I know exactly where I am. … You go into a pipe that you see sticking out somewhere? Open up a manhole? You’re not going to know where you are,” Abadie says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11782638\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11782638 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39773_Carly_DischargePipe-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39773_Carly_DischargePipe-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39773_Carly_DischargePipe-qut-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39773_Carly_DischargePipe-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39773_Carly_DischargePipe-qut-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39773_Carly_DischargePipe-qut-1200x675.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Stooping low in the sewers. \u003ccite>(Sruti Mamidanna/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>After hearing this, I had \u003cem>zero\u003c/em> intention of exploring the sewers alone for this story. But I couldn’t resist asking Megan to take me down to see an underground place that Sierra Hartman had told me about.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>A Trip into the Underworld\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>It looked more like a cave than a sewer, Hartman says. And I knew urban explorers like him would spend months, even years, trying to track down its precise location — because of how striking it looked and how it led right out to the Pacific Ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Abadie knew exactly the place Hartman meant and asked me to wait until the timing was just right when it’d be safe enough at low tide, with no chance of rain. That timing turned out to be very early in the morning on the Fourth of July, the lowest tide of the year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11782626\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11782626 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39779_Carly-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39779_Carly-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39779_Carly-qut-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39779_Carly-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39779_Carly-qut-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39779_Carly-qut-1200x675.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Reporter Carly Severn being lowered into the sewer system. \u003ccite>(Sruti Mamidanna/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As Abadie’s crew secured a harness and waist-high waders to my body, she explained why we’d be taking gas meters and oxygen masks down there. Even though the fast flow of the system we’d be entering would lower the hydrogen sulfide risk, “you can go into a sewer that’s been fine every single time, and one year something can be different,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With safety equipment secured, we were lowered one by one into the tunnel by rope, down a tall, rusting ladder until we finally reached the bottom of the sewer with a splash. The water reached our knees. Ahead, through the humid, misty air, was a long, high tunnel that seemed to stretch for miles in front of us. Down there in the darkness was that “sewer cave” — and the ocean. During the rainy season, Abadie reminded me that the tunnel we stood in would have been full of water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11782631\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1851px\">\u003ca href=\"manho\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11782631 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39786_Megan_entrance-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1851\" height=\"1056\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39786_Megan_entrance-qut.jpg 1851w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39786_Megan_entrance-qut-160x91.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39786_Megan_entrance-qut-800x456.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39786_Megan_entrance-qut-1020x582.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39786_Megan_entrance-qut-1200x685.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1851px) 100vw, 1851px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Reporter Carly Severn is lowered down through a manhole. \u003ccite>(Sruti Mamidanna/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Surprisingly, the sewers don’t smell how you might fear they would: the odor is agricultural, like a farmyard smell. Yet no matter how pleasant this surprise, wading through high sewer water in such humidity quickly becomes exhausting, like walking through deep snow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As we walked through the tunnel, our voices echoing off the walls, Abadie told me about her first entries into the sewers after she started working for the city in 2011. The underground network, she says, reminded her of the vast Mines of Moria in “The Lord of the Rings.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I thought it was really cool. I even thought it was cool seeing a little turd float by! I mean, that’s not something everyone gets to see,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11782632\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1885px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11782632 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39772_Carly_03-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1885\" height=\"1060\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39772_Carly_03-qut.jpg 1885w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39772_Carly_03-qut-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39772_Carly_03-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39772_Carly_03-qut-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39772_Carly_03-qut-1200x675.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1885px) 100vw, 1885px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Exploring deep under San Francisco. \u003ccite>(Sruti Mamidanna/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As we got closer to what \u003cem>I’d\u003c/em> come to see — that cave — the crashing of the Pacific Ocean suddenly grew louder. Looming in front of us, there it was: What looked like the tall, wide mouth of a cave, deep under San Francisco, carved from dark, jutting rock and yawning into more blackness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This,” Abadie says with some pride, “is definitely the most scenic and beautiful combined sewer overflow in San Francisco.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11782633\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"Sruti%20Mamidanna/KQED\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11782633 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39775_Carly_Megan_03-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39775_Carly_Megan_03-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39775_Carly_Megan_03-qut-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39775_Carly_Megan_03-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39775_Carly_Megan_03-qut-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39775_Carly_Megan_03-qut-1200x675.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Carly Severn and Megan Abadie in the mouth of the ‘sewer cave.’\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Passing through the cave, we had to stoop to get through the last part of our journey, our helmets scraping the ceiling. We were now inside the discharge pipe: the way the system can safely get water out during heavy storms, while providing primary-level treatment, when the usual storage areas under the city are full to the brim.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the end of the pipe, the waves we could hear crashing close suddenly became visible, as I found myself looking out at the ocean, framed by rock. After hours underground, it was now daylight out there. That entrance onto the water is, unthinkably, how some explorers try to get \u003cem>in\u003c/em> here via a tiny strip of beach that opens up only for a brief period of time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11782636\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1846px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11782636 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39771_4.34-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1846\" height=\"1038\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39771_4.34-qut.jpg 1846w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39771_4.34-qut-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39771_4.34-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39771_4.34-qut-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39771_4.34-qut-1200x675.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1846px) 100vw, 1846px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A glimpse of the Pacific Ocean. \u003ccite>(Sruti Mamidanna/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As the tide started to rise, the waves started to crash further and further into the pipe toward us, and we knew it was time to go. As we moved back through the tunnel, the difference in smell was palpable: The people of San Francisco were waking up and were starting to use their bathrooms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After being attached to the rope and hauled out of the darkness and up through the manhole again, I was suddenly out of the city’s underworld. Exhausted, after hours of trudging through sewer water, the call of the underground was only more apparent to me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what could people do, I asked Abadie, if after hearing the truth about the darkness and danger down there, they \u003cem>still\u003c/em> couldn’t resist the lure of subterranean exploration?\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11782640\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1891px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11782640 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39791_Megandischarge-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1891\" height=\"1064\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39791_Megandischarge-qut.jpg 1891w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39791_Megandischarge-qut-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39791_Megandischarge-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39791_Megandischarge-qut-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39791_Megandischarge-qut-1200x675.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1891px) 100vw, 1891px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Megan Abadie in the discharge pipe leading out to the ocean. \u003ccite>(Sruti Mamidanna )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We have a lot of people retiring here. You can come work for us!” she says. “We will get you into sewers. It’ll be awesome. Your passion can actually get you \u003cem>paid\u003c/em> to explore sewers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Or become a public radio reporter,” she added. “Those are two ways that you can get into sewers and not die.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story first published on Oct. 31, 2019 and was updated and republished on May 2, 2024. Special thanks to Evan Thompson with his assistance for this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"baycuriousquestion","attributes":{"named":{"label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 id=\"episode-transcript\">Episode Transcript\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[Sounds of birds, dog barking]\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Around us all the time is the city that we know. The same stretch of sidewalk we walk on every day, the bus stop on the corner, our favorite restaurants, our neighborhood parks. If you live anywhere long enough, you can think you’ve seen it all. But what if beneath the streets there was another world? A place that’s so close to you all the time, but you wouldn’t even recognize it.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[Bay Curious theme music starts] \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hey everyone, Olivia Allen-Price here. Over the years we’ve been running Bay Curious, we’ve received a bunch of questions about tunnels. Listeners who say they’ve heard stories of secret passageways running under San Francisco. \u003c/span>We aired an episode on the topic in 2019, but your questions have kept on coming … So today we’re going to revisit it, and answer the question do these tunnels exist?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sponsor Message\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Those stories about hidden underground tunnel systems in the Bay Area. They’re true!\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[Underground tunnels echo]\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Carly Severn\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: The structure is absolutely amazing. It’s also quite scary. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: That voice you just heard was recorded deep under the streets of San Francisco, and it belongs to reporter Carly Severn. We sent her to investigate the secret world under the city,\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[Mystical music] \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Carly Severn:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> A lot of you will have heard the legends about the very real labyrinths under major world cities, like the famous catacombs of Paris, that are lined with the bones of the city’s dead. And if you hit Google looking for information on San Francisco’s underground like I did, there’s a name that comes up again and again an urban explorer called Sierra Hardman. And his incredible, haunting photographs of shadowy spaces under the city are, for many people, their first clue that this world of tunnels really exists. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Sierra Hartman: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">I think it’s just ingrained in human nature. You know, you wonder what’s down there. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Carly Severn:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Sierra told me he’s been obsessed with exploring the underground since he was a kid, back when he was growing up in Southern California, riding around on his bike, Goonies style, and peering into dark urban waterways. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Sierra Hartman: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">I mean, you take a 12 year old kid and you show them an entrance of a tunnel like they’re gonna to go in. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Carly Severn: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When he was older, he moved to San Francisco and started roaming the streets with his camera while the rest of the city was sleeping, just looking for secret entry ways underground, guided by maps and city plans and whispers from other urban explorers.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Sierra Hartman: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">So much of it is just overgrown. Yeah, you drove past it so many times you don’t really recognize it as something really special. You don’t realize that there’s a whole, like, underground part of this thing.\u003c/span>\u003cb> \u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Carly Severn: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">He found doorways and manholes that led him down into dark, dripping tunnels stretching into blackness beyond the reach of his flashlight. But this network of underground spaces, this is no secret labyrinth built by shadowy figures. It’s San Francisco’s huge sewer network, and there’s one person in this city that knows the sewers inside out. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Megan Abadie\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: So my name’s Megan Abadie. I’m an assistant engineer for the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission Wastewater Enterprise. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Carly Severn: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Megan’s job is making sure that system – yep – pipes filled with your waste works.\u003c/span>\u003cb> \u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Megan Abadie: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">I crawl through a lot of sewer pipes. That’s basically my job. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Carly Severn: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Wastewater management, what we call sewers, can sound kind of gross, but how this stuff all works is pretty impressive. \u003c/span>\u003cb>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cb>Megan Abadie: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">San Francisco is about a seven by seven, you know, 49-50 mile square city. And we actually have over 1000 miles of sewer main. There’s sewers under every block. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Carly Severn: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The thing about the city’s sewers is many of these pipes are big. Big enough for curious risk takers to walk through rather than crawl, which isn’t possible in many other cities. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Megan Abadie: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">San Francisco has a very different type of sewer system than pretty much any other city in California. It has what’s called a combined system. That means that the stormwater and the sewage water leak from your toilet and your sinks, it all goes into the same set of pipes.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Carly Severn: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">We have an old city, and that one pipe system was how folks did it back then. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Megan Abadie: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">San Francisco’s sewer network, began to be built during the Gold Rush era. So there are some pipes that date from the 1840s. It was a very ad hoc system at that time that people would build pipes to just connect to the nearest creek. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Carly Severn: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Just like in New York, another old dense city. It was too hard to rip up San Francisco’s sewer network to add secondary pipes. So we’ve repaired and adapted our old system, creating a maze of those big wide sewer mains. But listen, if you’re hearing this and are feeling the lure of exploring the world on the San Francisco yourself, \u003c/span>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">don’t\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Seriously.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Megan Abadie: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There’s a lot of things that can happen in the sewer that can actually kill you pretty easily. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Carly Severn: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There was no way I was going to follow in the footsteps of an urban explorer like Sierra Hartmann and go roaming under San Francisco alone. But there was this one particular place that Sierra told me about that I knew I really wanted to see.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[Dramatic music] \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A passageway somewhere beneath San Francisco that’s famous for its otherworldly look. Sierra had to pour over old sewer maps to find it. I was told it looks more like a cave than a sewer. And it leads right out onto the Pacific Ocean. Megan knew exactly the place I meant. And when conditions were just right, she said she’d take me down there herself. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Megan Abadie: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">We’ll be over 200 feet below the ground, actually. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[Crew conversation in the background]\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Carly Severn: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">And so that’s how I end up with Megan and her crew, at 2 AM on the 4th of July in a harness, in a waist-high waders, getting recording equipment taped to my body, about to be lowered down into an open manhole. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Megan Abadie: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">…Does it feel..? Oh, look like it’s a good height, you don’t need to adjust the height.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Carly Severn: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Our underground journey will lead us through a very watery tunnel, through that sewer cave, and into what they call a discharge pipe. Now, that pipe is the way the system can safely get water out during really heavy storms, when the usual storage areas under the city are full to the brim. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Megan Abadie:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Yeah, so when we get out into the discharge pipe, you’re going to hear the ocean, just boring through this final stretch of tunnel. And you can actually, like, feel it. You can’t just hear it – you can feel it in your gut. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Carly Severn: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">I can’t wait!\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As one of her crew is strapping a bright yellow gas meter onto my suit, Megan tells me more about the very real dangers of being in the sewers. The big one is a lethal gas called hydrogen sulfide that can kill you before you know it’s there. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Megan Abadie:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> You can smell it at low levels, it smells like rotten eggs. At higher levels that actually kills the nerves, it kills your smell nerves, it kills your old factory nerves. So at higher levels, at levels high enough to be dangerous, you won’t smell it at all.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Carly Severn:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> And because of the gas risk, I’m getting an air pack too.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Megan Abadie:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> That’s exactly like the, oxygen masks that you have on an airplane. You just put it over your face and breathe through it, and it’ll give you oxygen. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Carly Severn:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Okay, well, fingers crossed we don’t end up using these. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Megan Abadie: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">You won’t, you won’t. But it’s good to know how to.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Carly Severn: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Oh yeah. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">After all this, I’m finally lowered down many feet into the tunnel by rope down a tall, rusting ladder until we splash into knee deep water and into the sewer. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[Sounds of water splashes]\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">And I’m staring down into a long, gaping tunnel that seems to stretch out for miles. Oh my goodness. This is exactly like I thought it would be, from watching horror movies. The air is really damp, exactly like they said it would be. You can kind of see this fine mist in the air, and I can hear my voice echoing in a really crazy way. There’s water flow under my feet… And it’s like walking through stream with a really dirty stream. Speaker 2: [00:08:45] We start to make our way toward the sewer cave that few people have seen. Megan tells me that had it been raining above ground, this tunnel would have been a lethal river of freezing water right up to the roof. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Yeah, this would totally be fun. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Megan Abadie:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Oh, yeah. You wouldn’t – we don’t go into the system when there’s even a drizzle.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Carly Severn: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If you ever wondered what it sounds like to wade through raw sewage, it’s pretty much like this.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[Carly wading through water]\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Weirdly, it does not smell that bad in here. Well, at least not as bad as I thought. Kind of smells like if you spent time on a farm. Kind of smells like that. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Megan Abadie: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When I started working in for the city in 2011 and doing sewer entry.. So that was after the \u003c/span>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lord of the Rings\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> movies came out, and it reminded me of the mines of Moria with all the pillars, except it was full of water. Yeah. I thought it was really cool. I even thought it was cool seeing little turds float by. I mean, that’s not something everyone gets to see. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Carly Severn: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As we get closer to what I’d come to see. That cave, the crashing of the ocean out on the outside world suddenly gets louder. And then looming in front of us, right there in the tunnel. There it is. What looks like the tall, wide mouth of a cave, deep under San Francisco, dark, jutting rock yawning into more blackness. The entrance to the pipe that leads out to the water.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It’s amazing. It looks like it looks like a Middle Earth. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Megan Abadie:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Yeah. Isn’t it beautiful? This is, this is definitely the most scenic and beautiful combined sewer overflow in San Francisco. It’s the only one that’s carved into raw stone like this. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Carly Severn: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">We walk into the cave through a stretch of that discharge pipe, and there’s the final surprise. We can see the Pacific Ocean just feet away, framed by the rock. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[Water flowing] \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">After hours underground, we’re now staring at broad daylight. This entrance, unthinkably, is how some explorers try to get in here from the outside via a tiny strip of beach that only opens up for a brief period of time. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Megan Abadie:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> It’s a bad idea to go into the sewer anywhere, but it’s a really bad idea to go into the sewer via an access point that is only going to be passable for like, an hour or two.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Carly Severn: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Crouching there in that pipe, I see how quickly the waves are starting to rush towards us, a sign that it was time to hurry out of there and back above ground.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Okay, it is definitely smelling a little different on our return journey, and I think that’s because people have woken up by now and let’s just say they are using their bathrooms. And after being reattached the rope and having my tired body hauled out of the darkness and up through the manhole again like that, I am out of the underworld. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[Carly laughing]\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">And out into daylight on the 4th of July. Cool. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">So there you have it. San Francisco’s secret underground is pretty incredible, even if our legendary tunnels are actually some not so secret sewers after all. Except… maybe there’s something Sierra told me that I couldn’t get out of my mind. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[Mystical music]\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Sierra Hartman: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A lot of these sewers are maps. Because in the 1906 earthquake and the entire city, or the entire eastern half of the city anyway, just burned to the ground. They lost tons of records of infrastructure. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Carly Severn: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">And you know what? According to the city, he’s right. So there is still a touch of mystery under San Francisco, after all. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[Music fades]\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> That was KQED’s Carly Seven. This is a story that you really need to see, not just listen to. Video producer Sruti Mamidanna made a video from Carly’s trip and it is very cool. You can find it at \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://baycurious.org\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">baycurious.org\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> – we’ll drop a link in the show notes too. It’s a new month, which means a new voting round is up at \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://baycurious.org\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">baycurious.org\u003c/span>\u003c/a>.\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Let’s hear the choices. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Question 1 : \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">How clean is the Bay Area water? Is it safe to swim? Are some areas better than others? What would it take to get it fully clean or safe? \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Question 2: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Whatever happened to the Bay area’s camels? I went to high school in Benicia and heard things about the camel barns. There are no longer camels in the barns. Where did they go, and why were they there to begin with?\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Question 3: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What’s the deal with the Devil’s Slide? And how did I get that name? Had to \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://baycurious.org\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">baycurious.org\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to cast your vote, for which question we should answer next.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Bay Curious is produced by Katrina Schwartz, Christopher Bill, Tamuna Chkareuli, and me, Olivia Allen-Price with support from Kimberly Low, Molly Wu, Jen Chien, Katie Sprenger, Cesar Saldana, Maha Sanad, Holly Kernan and KQED family. Bay Curious is made in San Francisco at member supported KQED. I’m Olivia Allen-Price. We’ll see you next week. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11782405/tunnels-under-san-francisco-inside-the-dark-dangerous-world-of-the-sewers","authors":["3243"],"programs":["news_33523"],"series":["news_17986"],"categories":["news_8","news_33520"],"tags":["news_18426","news_26456","news_24374","news_19542","news_38"],"featImg":"news_11783907","label":"source_news_11782405"},"news_11984762":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11984762","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11984762","found":true},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"ucs-campus-safety-plan-under-fire-as-violence-breaks-out-at-ucla-protest","title":"UC’s President had a Plan to De-Escalate Protests. How did a Night of Violence Happen at UCLA?","publishDate":1714676445,"format":"standard","headTitle":"UC’s President had a Plan to De-Escalate Protests. How did a Night of Violence Happen at UCLA? | KQED","labelTerm":{"term":18481,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>Before dawn on Wednesday, police demolished a pro-Palestinian encampment at UCLA — using flash bangs, firing projectiles at protesters and arresting those who refused to leave. It was in stark contrast to the scene overnight Tuesday when counterprotesters had torn at barricades, thrown fireworks, and beat and pepper sprayed the protesters — and no law enforcement officers intervened or made any arrests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reason for such a mixed response from law enforcement is haphazard adherence to UC President Michael Drake’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucop.edu/uc-operations/systemwide-community-safety/policies-and-guidance/community-safety-plan/uc-community-safety-plan.pdf\">2021 UC Campus Safety Plan\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Encampments at a growing number of universities across the state and nation are sparking battles between students’ free speech and campus policies against trespassing and obstructing operations. For the University of California system, the encampments at five campuses have been a test of newly implemented campus policing reforms meant to address systemic racism post-2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drake’s safety plan states: “The University will reinforce existing guidelines that minimize police presence at protests, follow de-escalation methods in the event of violence and seek non-urgent mutual aid first from UC campuses before calling outside law enforcement agencies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plan was designed to deter potential violence — and reduce a police role in campus protests. But now, people are questioning why law enforcement did not break up any of the physical assaults or otherwise intervene as violence escalated at the Los Angeles campus on Tuesday. According to a statement Drake released on Tuesday, there were at least 15 injuries and one hospitalization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And now some are questioning the university’s decision to forcibly dismantle the protesters’ encampment this morning when they had been peaceful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The UC president has ordered a review of UCLA’s “mutual aid response,” and UCLA Chancellor Gene Block has promised to “dismantle (the encampment) at the appropriate time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11984645,news_11984403,news_11984094\" label=\"Related Stories\"]“My office has requested a detailed accounting from the campus about what transpired in the early morning hours today,” Drake said on Tuesday. “But some confusion remains. Therefore, we are also ordering an independent external review of both UCLA’s planning and actions, and the effectiveness of the mutual aid response.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC lecturers were quick to call for Block’s resignation on Wednesday, citing the mismanagement of police and security response to the overnight violence. He had already planned to step down on July 31.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Chancellor Block has refused to meet with protesters to discuss their interests; instead, he has created an environment that has escalated tensions and failed to take meaningful action to prevent the violence that occurred last night,” the UC lecturers’ statement read.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Counterprotesters had set off fireworks around 10:30 p.m. Tuesday and later, armed with pepper and bear spray, physically attacked those residing in the pro-Palestinian encampment. During this time, university-hired, unarmed security guards and campus public safety aides watched the scene but did not stop the attacks. By about 1:30 a.m., Los Angeles Police and the California Highway Patrol arrived after the chancellor called them to assist security guards and UC police. The officers did not break up the violence. Instead, they advanced a line every few minutes to push the counterprotesters out of the area. Some of the counterprotesters who remained, however, continued their assaults.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At about 4 a.m. Wednesday, a small group of student journalists for the Daily Bruin, including Christopher Buchanan, a student fellow for the CalMatters College Journalism Network, were confronted by a group of counterprotesters who began berating them. They targeted the staff’s news editor, calling her names, and blocked the journalists’ route to the Daily Bruin office. One shined a strobe light into Buchanan’s face while others attacked him as he fell to the ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“After I was struck and debilitated, I was surrounded by four to seven counterprotesters who proceeded to punch and kick my head and torso for thirty seconds to a minute,” Buchanan said. “I didn’t sustain any internal injuries, but I was badly bruised on the body and face.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Buchanan said this all happened within earshot of CHP officials, who did nothing to intervene.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Students and government officials decried UCLA’s response to the counterprotesters’ attack. UCLA refused to provide interviews or answer questions about their policing response.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Assemblymember Rick Chavez Zbur, a Democrat whose district includes UCLA, issued a statement condemning the violence against pro-Palestinian protesters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The horrific acts of violence against UCLA students and demonstrators that occurred on campus last night are abhorrent and have no place in Los Angeles or in our democracy,” Zbur said Wednesday. “No matter how strongly one may disagree with or be offended by the anti-Israel demonstrators’ messages, tactics, or goals, violence is never acceptable and those responsible must be held accountable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past few days, UC Irvine and UCLA declared their campus encampment protests illegal and in violation of the state education code against non-UC use of university property. Many pro-Palestinian student advocates see this position as an attempt to disrupt their advocacy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In responding to the encampments, the UC, unlike some universities, had avoided an aggressive law enforcement response. The UC Campus Safety plan, however, has not been uniformly followed at each campus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC Irvine appeared to ignore the campus safety plan. When an encampment was erected on April 29, the university immediately called in the UC police department, the Orange County Sheriff’s Department, and the police forces of Irvine, Costa Mesa and Newport. Officers in riot gear barricaded the encampment entrance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC Irvine spokesperson Tom Vasich described the decision to involve five law enforcement departments as “a standard response” for situations where the campus needs support while simultaneously describing the protest as a “very peaceful environment.” He attributed the police response to potential trespassing violations from people not affiliated with the university.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This isn’t a free speech issue, this is a trespassing issue,” Vasich said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sara, a UC Irvine student studying psychological sciences who only gave her first name in fear of retaliation for participating in the protest, said that at around 9 a.m. on Monday, law enforcement prevented students from entering the encampment and giving protesters water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite police pushback, she said students and bystanders later created barricades around their encampment, allowing students to enter the area and receive supplies. “The students here all know the risks,” Sara said. “But regardless, they stood their ground and will continue to stand their ground until our demands are met.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC Irvine Chancellor Howard Gillman said in a \u003ca href=\"https://chancellor.uci.edu/communications/campus/2024/240429-campus-activity-update.php\">Monday night statement,\u003c/a> “We support the right of our community to protest,” but they hope protesters “do not insist on staying in a space that violates the law.” Gillman promised to work with students to find a different location “that is appropriate and non-disruptive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3 id=\"h-how-the-uc-plan-is-supposed-to-ensure-safety\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">How the UC plan is supposed to ensure safety\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The UC Campus Safety Plan is being put to the test amid heightened tensions between pro-Palestinian groups calling for a ceasefire in Gaza and for the UC to financially divest from companies with ties to Israel and pro-Israel groups counterprotesting and calling the actions of those in the encampments anti-semitic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11984780\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/042324_Berkeley-Gaza_MO_CM_20.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11984780\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/042324_Berkeley-Gaza_MO_CM_20.jpg\" alt='A red and white sign two people hold says \"Our Demands 1. END THE SILENCE 2. FINANCIAL DIVESTMENT 3. ACADEMIC BOYCOTT 4. STOP THE REPRESSION\"' width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/042324_Berkeley-Gaza_MO_CM_20.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/042324_Berkeley-Gaza_MO_CM_20-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/042324_Berkeley-Gaza_MO_CM_20-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/042324_Berkeley-Gaza_MO_CM_20-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/042324_Berkeley-Gaza_MO_CM_20-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/042324_Berkeley-Gaza_MO_CM_20-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A sign with students’ demands at the “Free Palestine Camp” outside of Sproul Hall at UC Berkeley on April 23, 2024. \u003ccite>(Manuel Orbegozo/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The UC Office of the President released a statement on April 26 rejecting demands for divestment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The University of California has consistently opposed calls for boycotts against and divestment from Israel,” the statement said. “While the University affirms the right of our community members to express diverse viewpoints, a boycott of this sort impinges on the academic freedom of our students and faculty and the unfettered exchange of ideas on our campuses.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Drake’s office refused multiple requests from CalMatters to answer questions about UC’s response to campus encampment protests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The UC’s policing reforms came after the system faced several high-profile instances of excessive force in response to student advocacy on campuses. In 2011, the Occupy Wall Street \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/apr/14/university-of-california-davis-paid-consultants-2011-protests\">protests\u003c/a> at UC Davis drew international attention when peaceful activists were pepper sprayed by the university’s police department. In the end, students won a $1 million settlement from UC Davis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2020, racial justice organizations and Black student unions at the UC’s nine undergraduate campuses led protests over the police custody murder of George Floyd and cast a light on other Black Americans killed by law enforcement officers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11984779\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/042324_Berkeley-Gaza_MO_CM_07.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11984779\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/042324_Berkeley-Gaza_MO_CM_07.jpg\" alt=\"Two multicolored signs are hung outside an academic building on a campus with tents in front of the steps.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/042324_Berkeley-Gaza_MO_CM_07.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/042324_Berkeley-Gaza_MO_CM_07-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/042324_Berkeley-Gaza_MO_CM_07-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/042324_Berkeley-Gaza_MO_CM_07-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/042324_Berkeley-Gaza_MO_CM_07-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/042324_Berkeley-Gaza_MO_CM_07-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Students participate in the “Free Palestine Camp” demonstration outside of Sproul Hall at UC Berkeley on April 23, 2024. \u003ccite>(Manuel Orbegozo/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Their activism elevated negative experiences that some students of color reported with campus police. Students and employees demonstrated against racial profiling and a lack of police transparency. Some pushed for reforms; others called for abolishing police on university campuses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 2021 safety plan instituted data dashboards, police advisory boards, mental health responders and professional accreditation for individual police departments. According to the UC’s director of community safety, Jody Stiger, all 10 campuses are expected to put the plan into action — with the final, delayed step being professional accreditation for campus law enforcement agencies — by the end of this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The UC Cops Off Campus Coalition, composed of UC students and faculty, has criticized the safety plan for not acknowledging the structural biases of police forces and only increasing the scope of policing power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC Riverside Black Studies professor and faculty coalition member Dylan Rodríguez described the Campus Safety Plan as largely reactionary. He said it is the UC’s attempt to quell a push for police abolition in the wake of the UC’s own crises and Floyd’s murder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a response to a period of time in which there are deep questions, fundamental and abolitionist questions, about whether campuses should have fully armed, militarized and, sometimes, riot-gear equipped and SWAT team-trained police officers on their campuses,” Rodríguez said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The stated aim of UC’s tiered response is to use several non-sworn responders in calls for emergencies that don’t require police. Relying on alternatives to police allows campuses to respond to students in crisis who require mental health support or intervention. The plan also establishes public safety officers to patrol residence halls on foot, escort students across campus at night, provide security for events and diffuse unsafe behavior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an interview with CalMatters before this week’s violence, Stiger praised the increase of unarmed security guards and guidance against a police presence at protests. Police were not called to the scene during recent labor strikes nor for earlier protests on both sides of the Gaza war.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In almost a majority of those on every campus, you don’t see any police. You might see maybe one or two that are just in the area, but you don’t see a major police presence,” Stiger said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Late Tuesday, the university delivered a formal letter to UCLA’s Divest Coalition declaring the encampment an unlawful assembly in violation of campus policy. Chancellor Block put out a statement that said the university removed demonstrators’ barricades blocking entrances to specific buildings and warned that students could face suspension or expulsion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Campus police chiefs at UC Berkeley, UCLA and UC Irvine refused several requests for comment from CalMatters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The UC Student Association — systemwide student representatives — \u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/p/C6XChA5SiDk/?utm_source=ig_web_copy_link\">published\u003c/a> a statement on April 29 in solidarity with students protesting for “Free Palestine” and condemning the law enforcement response.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We demand that the UC, at a minimum, allow students to exercise their freedom of speech,” the statement read. “We denounce any use of police force to silence us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>For the record: This article was updated to reflect that Chancellor Howard Gillman’s statement promised he would work with student protesters but did not make a promise against police intervention against the student protesters.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Sergio Olmos contributed reporting from the scene. Christopher Buc\u003c/em>\u003cem>hanan, Li Khan and Hugo Rios also contributed to this story. All three are fellows with the \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/category/education/higher-education/college-beat/\">\u003cstrong>\u003cem>College Journalism Network\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>, a collaboration between CalMatters and student journalists from across California. CalMatters higher education coverage is supported by a grant from the College Futures Foundation.\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The University of California’s campus safety plan was designed to calm protests by limiting law enforcement. Yet, as tensions grew to violence against a UCLA student encampment erected in protest over the war in Gaza, many are criticizing law enforcement’s initial lack of intervention.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1714688293,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":47,"wordCount":2128},"headData":{"title":"UC’s President had a Plan to De-Escalate Protests. How did a Night of Violence Happen at UCLA? | KQED","description":"The University of California’s campus safety plan was designed to calm protests by limiting law enforcement. Yet, as tensions grew to violence against a UCLA student encampment erected in protest over the war in Gaza, many are criticizing law enforcement’s initial lack of intervention.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"UC’s President had a Plan to De-Escalate Protests. How did a Night of Violence Happen at UCLA?","datePublished":"2024-05-02T19:00:45.000Z","dateModified":"2024-05-02T22:18:13.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"sticky":false,"nprByline":"Atmika Iyer, CalMatters","nprStoryId":"kqed-11984762","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11984762/ucs-campus-safety-plan-under-fire-as-violence-breaks-out-at-ucla-protest","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Before dawn on Wednesday, police demolished a pro-Palestinian encampment at UCLA — using flash bangs, firing projectiles at protesters and arresting those who refused to leave. It was in stark contrast to the scene overnight Tuesday when counterprotesters had torn at barricades, thrown fireworks, and beat and pepper sprayed the protesters — and no law enforcement officers intervened or made any arrests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reason for such a mixed response from law enforcement is haphazard adherence to UC President Michael Drake’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucop.edu/uc-operations/systemwide-community-safety/policies-and-guidance/community-safety-plan/uc-community-safety-plan.pdf\">2021 UC Campus Safety Plan\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Encampments at a growing number of universities across the state and nation are sparking battles between students’ free speech and campus policies against trespassing and obstructing operations. For the University of California system, the encampments at five campuses have been a test of newly implemented campus policing reforms meant to address systemic racism post-2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drake’s safety plan states: “The University will reinforce existing guidelines that minimize police presence at protests, follow de-escalation methods in the event of violence and seek non-urgent mutual aid first from UC campuses before calling outside law enforcement agencies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plan was designed to deter potential violence — and reduce a police role in campus protests. But now, people are questioning why law enforcement did not break up any of the physical assaults or otherwise intervene as violence escalated at the Los Angeles campus on Tuesday. According to a statement Drake released on Tuesday, there were at least 15 injuries and one hospitalization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And now some are questioning the university’s decision to forcibly dismantle the protesters’ encampment this morning when they had been peaceful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The UC president has ordered a review of UCLA’s “mutual aid response,” and UCLA Chancellor Gene Block has promised to “dismantle (the encampment) at the appropriate time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"news_11984645,news_11984403,news_11984094","label":"Related Stories "},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“My office has requested a detailed accounting from the campus about what transpired in the early morning hours today,” Drake said on Tuesday. “But some confusion remains. Therefore, we are also ordering an independent external review of both UCLA’s planning and actions, and the effectiveness of the mutual aid response.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC lecturers were quick to call for Block’s resignation on Wednesday, citing the mismanagement of police and security response to the overnight violence. He had already planned to step down on July 31.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Chancellor Block has refused to meet with protesters to discuss their interests; instead, he has created an environment that has escalated tensions and failed to take meaningful action to prevent the violence that occurred last night,” the UC lecturers’ statement read.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Counterprotesters had set off fireworks around 10:30 p.m. Tuesday and later, armed with pepper and bear spray, physically attacked those residing in the pro-Palestinian encampment. During this time, university-hired, unarmed security guards and campus public safety aides watched the scene but did not stop the attacks. By about 1:30 a.m., Los Angeles Police and the California Highway Patrol arrived after the chancellor called them to assist security guards and UC police. The officers did not break up the violence. Instead, they advanced a line every few minutes to push the counterprotesters out of the area. Some of the counterprotesters who remained, however, continued their assaults.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At about 4 a.m. Wednesday, a small group of student journalists for the Daily Bruin, including Christopher Buchanan, a student fellow for the CalMatters College Journalism Network, were confronted by a group of counterprotesters who began berating them. They targeted the staff’s news editor, calling her names, and blocked the journalists’ route to the Daily Bruin office. One shined a strobe light into Buchanan’s face while others attacked him as he fell to the ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“After I was struck and debilitated, I was surrounded by four to seven counterprotesters who proceeded to punch and kick my head and torso for thirty seconds to a minute,” Buchanan said. “I didn’t sustain any internal injuries, but I was badly bruised on the body and face.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Buchanan said this all happened within earshot of CHP officials, who did nothing to intervene.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Students and government officials decried UCLA’s response to the counterprotesters’ attack. UCLA refused to provide interviews or answer questions about their policing response.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Assemblymember Rick Chavez Zbur, a Democrat whose district includes UCLA, issued a statement condemning the violence against pro-Palestinian protesters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The horrific acts of violence against UCLA students and demonstrators that occurred on campus last night are abhorrent and have no place in Los Angeles or in our democracy,” Zbur said Wednesday. “No matter how strongly one may disagree with or be offended by the anti-Israel demonstrators’ messages, tactics, or goals, violence is never acceptable and those responsible must be held accountable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past few days, UC Irvine and UCLA declared their campus encampment protests illegal and in violation of the state education code against non-UC use of university property. Many pro-Palestinian student advocates see this position as an attempt to disrupt their advocacy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In responding to the encampments, the UC, unlike some universities, had avoided an aggressive law enforcement response. The UC Campus Safety plan, however, has not been uniformly followed at each campus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC Irvine appeared to ignore the campus safety plan. When an encampment was erected on April 29, the university immediately called in the UC police department, the Orange County Sheriff’s Department, and the police forces of Irvine, Costa Mesa and Newport. Officers in riot gear barricaded the encampment entrance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC Irvine spokesperson Tom Vasich described the decision to involve five law enforcement departments as “a standard response” for situations where the campus needs support while simultaneously describing the protest as a “very peaceful environment.” He attributed the police response to potential trespassing violations from people not affiliated with the university.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This isn’t a free speech issue, this is a trespassing issue,” Vasich said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sara, a UC Irvine student studying psychological sciences who only gave her first name in fear of retaliation for participating in the protest, said that at around 9 a.m. on Monday, law enforcement prevented students from entering the encampment and giving protesters water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite police pushback, she said students and bystanders later created barricades around their encampment, allowing students to enter the area and receive supplies. “The students here all know the risks,” Sara said. “But regardless, they stood their ground and will continue to stand their ground until our demands are met.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC Irvine Chancellor Howard Gillman said in a \u003ca href=\"https://chancellor.uci.edu/communications/campus/2024/240429-campus-activity-update.php\">Monday night statement,\u003c/a> “We support the right of our community to protest,” but they hope protesters “do not insist on staying in a space that violates the law.” Gillman promised to work with students to find a different location “that is appropriate and non-disruptive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3 id=\"h-how-the-uc-plan-is-supposed-to-ensure-safety\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">How the UC plan is supposed to ensure safety\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The UC Campus Safety Plan is being put to the test amid heightened tensions between pro-Palestinian groups calling for a ceasefire in Gaza and for the UC to financially divest from companies with ties to Israel and pro-Israel groups counterprotesting and calling the actions of those in the encampments anti-semitic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11984780\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/042324_Berkeley-Gaza_MO_CM_20.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11984780\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/042324_Berkeley-Gaza_MO_CM_20.jpg\" alt='A red and white sign two people hold says \"Our Demands 1. END THE SILENCE 2. FINANCIAL DIVESTMENT 3. ACADEMIC BOYCOTT 4. STOP THE REPRESSION\"' width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/042324_Berkeley-Gaza_MO_CM_20.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/042324_Berkeley-Gaza_MO_CM_20-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/042324_Berkeley-Gaza_MO_CM_20-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/042324_Berkeley-Gaza_MO_CM_20-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/042324_Berkeley-Gaza_MO_CM_20-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/042324_Berkeley-Gaza_MO_CM_20-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A sign with students’ demands at the “Free Palestine Camp” outside of Sproul Hall at UC Berkeley on April 23, 2024. \u003ccite>(Manuel Orbegozo/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The UC Office of the President released a statement on April 26 rejecting demands for divestment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The University of California has consistently opposed calls for boycotts against and divestment from Israel,” the statement said. “While the University affirms the right of our community members to express diverse viewpoints, a boycott of this sort impinges on the academic freedom of our students and faculty and the unfettered exchange of ideas on our campuses.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Drake’s office refused multiple requests from CalMatters to answer questions about UC’s response to campus encampment protests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The UC’s policing reforms came after the system faced several high-profile instances of excessive force in response to student advocacy on campuses. In 2011, the Occupy Wall Street \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/apr/14/university-of-california-davis-paid-consultants-2011-protests\">protests\u003c/a> at UC Davis drew international attention when peaceful activists were pepper sprayed by the university’s police department. In the end, students won a $1 million settlement from UC Davis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2020, racial justice organizations and Black student unions at the UC’s nine undergraduate campuses led protests over the police custody murder of George Floyd and cast a light on other Black Americans killed by law enforcement officers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11984779\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/042324_Berkeley-Gaza_MO_CM_07.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11984779\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/042324_Berkeley-Gaza_MO_CM_07.jpg\" alt=\"Two multicolored signs are hung outside an academic building on a campus with tents in front of the steps.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/042324_Berkeley-Gaza_MO_CM_07.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/042324_Berkeley-Gaza_MO_CM_07-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/042324_Berkeley-Gaza_MO_CM_07-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/042324_Berkeley-Gaza_MO_CM_07-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/042324_Berkeley-Gaza_MO_CM_07-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/042324_Berkeley-Gaza_MO_CM_07-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Students participate in the “Free Palestine Camp” demonstration outside of Sproul Hall at UC Berkeley on April 23, 2024. \u003ccite>(Manuel Orbegozo/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Their activism elevated negative experiences that some students of color reported with campus police. Students and employees demonstrated against racial profiling and a lack of police transparency. Some pushed for reforms; others called for abolishing police on university campuses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 2021 safety plan instituted data dashboards, police advisory boards, mental health responders and professional accreditation for individual police departments. According to the UC’s director of community safety, Jody Stiger, all 10 campuses are expected to put the plan into action — with the final, delayed step being professional accreditation for campus law enforcement agencies — by the end of this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The UC Cops Off Campus Coalition, composed of UC students and faculty, has criticized the safety plan for not acknowledging the structural biases of police forces and only increasing the scope of policing power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC Riverside Black Studies professor and faculty coalition member Dylan Rodríguez described the Campus Safety Plan as largely reactionary. He said it is the UC’s attempt to quell a push for police abolition in the wake of the UC’s own crises and Floyd’s murder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a response to a period of time in which there are deep questions, fundamental and abolitionist questions, about whether campuses should have fully armed, militarized and, sometimes, riot-gear equipped and SWAT team-trained police officers on their campuses,” Rodríguez said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The stated aim of UC’s tiered response is to use several non-sworn responders in calls for emergencies that don’t require police. Relying on alternatives to police allows campuses to respond to students in crisis who require mental health support or intervention. The plan also establishes public safety officers to patrol residence halls on foot, escort students across campus at night, provide security for events and diffuse unsafe behavior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an interview with CalMatters before this week’s violence, Stiger praised the increase of unarmed security guards and guidance against a police presence at protests. Police were not called to the scene during recent labor strikes nor for earlier protests on both sides of the Gaza war.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In almost a majority of those on every campus, you don’t see any police. You might see maybe one or two that are just in the area, but you don’t see a major police presence,” Stiger said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Late Tuesday, the university delivered a formal letter to UCLA’s Divest Coalition declaring the encampment an unlawful assembly in violation of campus policy. Chancellor Block put out a statement that said the university removed demonstrators’ barricades blocking entrances to specific buildings and warned that students could face suspension or expulsion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Campus police chiefs at UC Berkeley, UCLA and UC Irvine refused several requests for comment from CalMatters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The UC Student Association — systemwide student representatives — \u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/p/C6XChA5SiDk/?utm_source=ig_web_copy_link\">published\u003c/a> a statement on April 29 in solidarity with students protesting for “Free Palestine” and condemning the law enforcement response.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We demand that the UC, at a minimum, allow students to exercise their freedom of speech,” the statement read. “We denounce any use of police force to silence us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>For the record: This article was updated to reflect that Chancellor Howard Gillman’s statement promised he would work with student protesters but did not make a promise against police intervention against the student protesters.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Sergio Olmos contributed reporting from the scene. Christopher Buc\u003c/em>\u003cem>hanan, Li Khan and Hugo Rios also contributed to this story. All three are fellows with the \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/category/education/higher-education/college-beat/\">\u003cstrong>\u003cem>College Journalism Network\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>, a collaboration between CalMatters and student journalists from across California. CalMatters higher education coverage is supported by a grant from the College Futures Foundation.\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11984762/ucs-campus-safety-plan-under-fire-as-violence-breaks-out-at-ucla-protest","authors":["byline_news_11984762"],"categories":["news_8"],"tags":["news_33136","news_27626","news_6631","news_1741","news_745","news_3457","news_4606"],"affiliates":["news_18481"],"featImg":"news_11984781","label":"news_18481"},"forum_2010101905604":{"type":"posts","id":"forum_2010101905604","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"forum","id":"2010101905604","found":true},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"oaklands-leila-mottley-on-her-debut-collection-of-poetry-woke-up-no-light","title":"Oakland’s Leila Mottley on Her Debut Collection of Poetry ‘woke up no light’","publishDate":1714688733,"format":"audio","headTitle":"Oakland’s Leila Mottley on Her Debut Collection of Poetry ‘woke up no light’ | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"forum"},"content":"\u003cp>In her new book of poems, “woke up no light” Leila Mottley writes: play dead / play docile / play along / stare a beast in its mouth and dare it to bite / this is the only way to know if / the country is still hungry. We talk to Leila Mottley, who was Oakland’s 2018 Youth Poet Laureate, about her poetry, coming of age in the nation’s gaze after the enormous success of her novel, “Nightcrawling,” and her hometown of Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"We talk to Leila Mottley, who was Oakland’s 2018 Youth Poet Laureate, about her poetry, coming of age in the nation’s gaze after the enormous success of her novel, “Nightcrawling,” and her hometown of Oakland.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1714762090,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":3,"wordCount":88},"headData":{"title":"Oakland’s Leila Mottley on Her Debut Collection of Poetry ‘woke up no light’ | KQED","description":"We talk to Leila Mottley, who was Oakland’s 2018 Youth Poet Laureate, about her poetry, coming of age in the nation’s gaze after the enormous success of her novel, “Nightcrawling,” and her hometown of Oakland.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Oakland’s Leila Mottley on Her Debut Collection of Poetry ‘woke up no light’","datePublished":"2024-05-02T22:25:33.000Z","dateModified":"2024-05-03T18:48:10.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"audioUrl":"https://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3/pdst.fm/e/chrt.fm/track/G6C7C3/traffic.megaphone.fm/KQINC8931150461.mp3?updated=1714762275","airdate":1714752000,"forumGuests":[{"name":"Leila Mottley","bio":"author, \"woke up no light: poems\" - Mottley was the 2018 Oakland Youth Poet Laureate. She is also the author of \"Nightcrawling,\" a New York Times bestseller."}],"sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/forum/2010101905604/oaklands-leila-mottley-on-her-debut-collection-of-poetry-woke-up-no-light","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In her new book of poems, “woke up no light” Leila Mottley writes: play dead / play docile / play along / stare a beast in its mouth and dare it to bite / this is the only way to know if / the country is still hungry. We talk to Leila Mottley, who was Oakland’s 2018 Youth Poet Laureate, about her poetry, coming of age in the nation’s gaze after the enormous success of her novel, “Nightcrawling,” and her hometown of Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/forum/2010101905604/oaklands-leila-mottley-on-her-debut-collection-of-poetry-woke-up-no-light","authors":["11296"],"categories":["forum_165"],"featImg":"forum_2010101905605","label":"forum"},"news_11984830":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11984830","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11984830","found":true},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"california-forever-shells-out-2m-in-campaign-to-build-city-from-scratch","title":"California Forever Shells out $2M in Campaign to Build City from Scratch","publishDate":1714754572,"format":"standard","headTitle":"California Forever Shells out $2M in Campaign to Build City from Scratch | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>California Forever spent some $2 million in the first three months of the year on its campaign to convince voters it should be allowed to build a city from scratch in Eastern Solano County, newly released campaign finance records show.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That money includes funds it has budgeted but has yet to pay out to contractors and around $1 million of in-kind contributions. The company has thus far been the sole contributor to its campaign, according to the records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When he\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11972769/not-just-a-crazy-idea-california-forever-releases-ballot-details-for-new-bay-area-city\"> introduced the initiative\u003c/a> in January, California Forever CEO Jan Sramek promised to spend “as much [money] as we need to win.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The filings show California Forever has so far spent the largest portion of its money — more than $330,000 — on firms hired to collect the more than 20,400 signatures it submitted to the Solano County Registrar’s Office \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11984408/billionaire-backed-bid-for-new-solano-county-city-is-closer-to-november-ballot\">earlier this week\u003c/a>. More than $200,000 went toward campaign workers’ salaries, and nearly $210,000 was spent on campaign websites and emails.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the payments also show more than $238,000 paid to consultant firms headed by highly connected political campaigners, including several former strategists and aides to Gov. Gavin Newsom and the wife of a current Fairfield councilmember.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"California Forever's Campaign Payments\" aria-label=\"Pie Chart\" id=\"datawrapper-chart-oaHsx\" src=\"https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/oaHsx/2/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"width: 0; min-width: 100% !important; border: none;\" height=\"850\" data-external=\"1\" width=\"100%\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For a countywide ballot initiative, the spending is “robust,” said political and election lawyer Bradley Hertz, but “not terribly over the top.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If it were LA County, for example, with 5 million voters, [the budget] would be at least five or 10 times this amount to gather signatures and get the necessary publicity going,” Hertz said. “The big money needs to be spent at this stage for signature gathering.”[aside postID=news_11984656 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/14289_transform-1440x960.jpg']A representative from California Forever did not comment on its spending, but said the team is “feeling good” and that the company will have more updates on its plan in the coming week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company is relying on several high-profile political strategists to get initiative to the November election, including \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2022/03/14/legislative-affairs-secretary-angie-wei-to-depart-new-legislative-affairs-secretary-appointed/\">Angie Wei\u003c/a>, a former legislative aide to Newsom; \u003ca href=\"https://www.rodriguezstrategies.com/\">Matt Rodriguez\u003c/a>, who worked with the governor in 2022 to oppose Proposition 30; and \u003ca href=\"https://www.themediacompany.llc/\">Brian Brokaw\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://brianbrokaw.com/bio/\">Dan Newman\u003c/a>, two longtime campaign advisers to Newsom. Brokaw also served as Vice President Kamala Harris’s former campaign manager when she ran for Attorney General in 2010.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Forever also paid Sue Vaccaro, wife of Fairfield Councilmember Rick Vaccaro, $4,000 for campaign consulting. Councilmember Vacarro has not responded to KQED’s request for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"California Forever Campaign Payments\" aria-label=\"Column Chart\" id=\"datawrapper-chart-yF2wI\" src=\"https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/yF2wI/1/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"width: 0; min-width: 100% !important; border: none;\" height=\"614\" data-external=\"1\" width=\"100%\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Registrar’s Office is now verifying California Forever’s submitted signatures. If they all check out, the Registrar will pass the initiative along to the Solano County Board of Supervisors, which must decide whether to approve it outright or put it to voters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supervisor Mitch Mashburn, a critic of the plan, said Wednesday that if the initiative qualifies for the election, he would call for a special report assessing the proposed city’s impacts, both positive and negative. But Hertz suspected California Forever has accounted for the added delay this report would require. The supervisors have until Aug. 9 to vote to place the initiative on the November ballot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next set of campaign finance reports is due by the end of July. Paul Mitchell, owner of polling firm Redistricting Partners, said California Forever’s spending on getting the ballot measure to voters is likely a drop in the bucket compared to what it will take to build the proposed city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Just because it gets passed by voters isn’t going to build a house,” Mitchell said. “[The amount spent so far] is not an enormous sum for what they’re looking to do, and it’s probably not going to break records.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The billionaire-backed company promised to spend big bucks in its plan to build a new city in Eastern Solano County. So far, it’s doing just that, according to newly released campaign finance records.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1714777743,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":true,"iframeSrcs":["https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/oaHsx/2/","https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/yF2wI/1/"],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":17,"wordCount":655},"headData":{"title":"California Forever Shells out $2M in Campaign to Build City from Scratch | KQED","description":"The billionaire-backed company promised to spend big bucks in its plan to build a new city in Eastern Solano County. So far, it’s doing just that, according to newly released campaign finance records.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"California Forever Shells out $2M in Campaign to Build City from Scratch","datePublished":"2024-05-03T16:42:52.000Z","dateModified":"2024-05-03T23:09:03.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"sticky":false,"nprStoryId":"kqed-11984830","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11984830/california-forever-shells-out-2m-in-campaign-to-build-city-from-scratch","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California Forever spent some $2 million in the first three months of the year on its campaign to convince voters it should be allowed to build a city from scratch in Eastern Solano County, newly released campaign finance records show.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That money includes funds it has budgeted but has yet to pay out to contractors and around $1 million of in-kind contributions. The company has thus far been the sole contributor to its campaign, according to the records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When he\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11972769/not-just-a-crazy-idea-california-forever-releases-ballot-details-for-new-bay-area-city\"> introduced the initiative\u003c/a> in January, California Forever CEO Jan Sramek promised to spend “as much [money] as we need to win.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The filings show California Forever has so far spent the largest portion of its money — more than $330,000 — on firms hired to collect the more than 20,400 signatures it submitted to the Solano County Registrar’s Office \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11984408/billionaire-backed-bid-for-new-solano-county-city-is-closer-to-november-ballot\">earlier this week\u003c/a>. More than $200,000 went toward campaign workers’ salaries, and nearly $210,000 was spent on campaign websites and emails.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the payments also show more than $238,000 paid to consultant firms headed by highly connected political campaigners, including several former strategists and aides to Gov. Gavin Newsom and the wife of a current Fairfield councilmember.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"California Forever's Campaign Payments\" aria-label=\"Pie Chart\" id=\"datawrapper-chart-oaHsx\" src=\"https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/oaHsx/2/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"width: 0; min-width: 100% !important; border: none;\" height=\"850\" data-external=\"1\" width=\"100%\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For a countywide ballot initiative, the spending is “robust,” said political and election lawyer Bradley Hertz, but “not terribly over the top.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If it were LA County, for example, with 5 million voters, [the budget] would be at least five or 10 times this amount to gather signatures and get the necessary publicity going,” Hertz said. “The big money needs to be spent at this stage for signature gathering.”\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"news_11984656","hero":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/14289_transform-1440x960.jpg","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>A representative from California Forever did not comment on its spending, but said the team is “feeling good” and that the company will have more updates on its plan in the coming week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company is relying on several high-profile political strategists to get initiative to the November election, including \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2022/03/14/legislative-affairs-secretary-angie-wei-to-depart-new-legislative-affairs-secretary-appointed/\">Angie Wei\u003c/a>, a former legislative aide to Newsom; \u003ca href=\"https://www.rodriguezstrategies.com/\">Matt Rodriguez\u003c/a>, who worked with the governor in 2022 to oppose Proposition 30; and \u003ca href=\"https://www.themediacompany.llc/\">Brian Brokaw\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://brianbrokaw.com/bio/\">Dan Newman\u003c/a>, two longtime campaign advisers to Newsom. Brokaw also served as Vice President Kamala Harris’s former campaign manager when she ran for Attorney General in 2010.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Forever also paid Sue Vaccaro, wife of Fairfield Councilmember Rick Vaccaro, $4,000 for campaign consulting. Councilmember Vacarro has not responded to KQED’s request for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"California Forever Campaign Payments\" aria-label=\"Column Chart\" id=\"datawrapper-chart-yF2wI\" src=\"https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/yF2wI/1/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"width: 0; min-width: 100% !important; border: none;\" height=\"614\" data-external=\"1\" width=\"100%\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Registrar’s Office is now verifying California Forever’s submitted signatures. If they all check out, the Registrar will pass the initiative along to the Solano County Board of Supervisors, which must decide whether to approve it outright or put it to voters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supervisor Mitch Mashburn, a critic of the plan, said Wednesday that if the initiative qualifies for the election, he would call for a special report assessing the proposed city’s impacts, both positive and negative. But Hertz suspected California Forever has accounted for the added delay this report would require. The supervisors have until Aug. 9 to vote to place the initiative on the November ballot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next set of campaign finance reports is due by the end of July. Paul Mitchell, owner of polling firm Redistricting Partners, said California Forever’s spending on getting the ballot measure to voters is likely a drop in the bucket compared to what it will take to build the proposed city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Just because it gets passed by voters isn’t going to build a house,” Mitchell said. “[The amount spent so far] is not an enormous sum for what they’re looking to do, and it’s probably not going to break records.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11984830/california-forever-shells-out-2m-in-campaign-to-build-city-from-scratch","authors":["11672"],"categories":["news_6266","news_8"],"tags":["news_18538","news_33689","news_1775","news_21358","news_23938"],"featImg":"news_11984981","label":"news"},"news_11651196":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11651196","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11651196","found":true},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"remembering-those-lost-in-northern-californias-october-fires","title":"Remembering Those Lost in Northern California's October Fires","publishDate":1519161510,"format":"image","headTitle":"The California Report | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":72,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>A beloved volunteer at an adult assisted-living center. A dad who would always \"find the funny\" in tough situations. A volunteer firefighter who died far from home while battling a blaze in the North Bay. A couple who had celebrated 75 years together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They were among the 44 people who perished in the series of monstrous, wind-driven wildfires that brought death and destruction to huge swaths of Northern California, devastating communities in Mendocino, Napa, Sonoma and Yuba counties. On this final day of 2017, as we look back on the year and a tragedy that touched so many, we remember those who died, the lives they lived and those they touched along the way. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are their stories.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside id=\"top\" class=\"aligncenter noborder\">\n\u003ch2>Click on the person's name to read more about the victims of the fires\u003c/h2>\n\u003ctable>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd width=\"50%\">\n- \u003ca href=\"#aycock\">Karen Aycock\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n- \u003ca href=\"#azarian\">Michel Azarian\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n- \u003ca href=\"#berriz\">Carmen Caldentey Berriz\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n- \u003ca href=\"#bowman\">Roy and Irma Bowman\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n- \u003ca href=\"#chaney\">George Chaney and Edward Stone\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n- \u003ca href=\"#collinsswasey\">Carol Collins-Swasey\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n- \u003ca href=\"#coolidge\">Stanley Coolidge\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n- \u003ca href=\"#costanzo\">Janet Costanzo\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n- \u003ca href=\"#culp\">David Culp\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n- \u003ca href=\"#dornbach\">Michael Dornbach\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n- \u003ca href=\"#evans\">Valerie Lynn Evans\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n- \u003ca href=\"#gardiner\">Barbara Jane Gardiner and Elizabeth Charlene Foster\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n- \u003ca href=\"#grabow\">Mike Grabow\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n- \u003ca href=\"#grant\">Arthur Tasman Grant and Suiko Grant\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n- \u003ca href=\"#halbur\">Donna and Leroy Halbur\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n- \u003ca href=\"#hannah\">Roseann Hannah\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n- \u003ca href=\"#hanson\">Christina Hanson\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n- \u003ca href=\"#hung\">Tak-Fu Hung\u003c/a>\n\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd width=\"50%\">\n- \u003ca href=\"#kirven\">Monte Kirven\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n- \u003ca href=\"#lewis\">Sally Lewis and Teresa Santos\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n- \u003ca href=\"#mccombs\">Veronica McCombs\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n- \u003ca href=\"#mcreynolds\">Carmen McReynolds\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n- \u003ca href=\"#paiz\">Garrett Paiz\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n- \u003ca href=\"#picciano\">Sandra Picciano\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n- \u003ca href=\"#powell\">Lynne Anderson Powell\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n- \u003ca href=\"#ress\">Marilyn Ress\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n- \u003ca href=\"#rippey\">Charles and Sara Rippey\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n- \u003ca href=\"#robinson\">Sharon Robinson\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n- \u003ca href=\"#rogers\">Lee Chadwick Rogers\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n- \u003ca href=\"#schwartz\">Marnie Schwartz\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n- \u003ca href=\"#shepherd\">Kai Shepherd\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n- \u003ca href=\"#kressa\">Kressa Shepherd\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n- \u003ca href=\"#southard\">Daniel Southard\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n- \u003ca href=\"#stelter\">Steve Stelter\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n- \u003ca href=\"#stephenson\">Margaret Stephenson\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n- \u003ca href=\"#thomas\">Tamara Latrice Thomas\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n- \u003ca href=\"#tunis\">Linda Tunis\u003c/a>\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003c/table>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003ca id=\"aycock\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Karen Aycock: 'She Had a Big Heart, Was Always There to Help'\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Karen Aycock, a former construction worker who lived alone in Santa Rosa in her Coffey Park home with her cats, died in the Tubbs Fire that devastated the neighborhood. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Aycock’s niece, Victoria Rilling, learned of her aunt’s death, she felt “heartbreak, utter dismay,” she told \u003ca href=\"http://www.pressdemocrat.com/news/7519692-181/victims-identified-in-deadly-sonoma?artslide=0\">The Press Democrat\u003c/a>. She was also thankful for the efforts to locate Aycock. “They didn’t give up. Their perseverance is phenomenal.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aycock volunteered with animal rescue groups and her cats meant the world to her, Chad Hinden, a former roommate, told the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/California-wildfires-Karen-Aycock-54-dead-in-12280011.php\">San Francisco Chronicle\u003c/a>. She was shy “but she had a big heart,” he said. “If you needed anything, she’d always be there to help you.”\u003ca id=\"azarian\">\u003cbr>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Michel Azarian: A Creative, Globetrotting Engineer With ‘the Kindest Heart’\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11633811\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 576px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/michelazarian.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"576\" height=\"669\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11633811\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/michelazarian.jpg 576w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/michelazarian-160x186.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/michelazarian-240x279.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/michelazarian-375x436.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/michelazarian-520x604.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 576px) 100vw, 576px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Michel Azarian, photographed during a recent trip. Azarian lived outside Santa Rosa and died Nov. 26 as the result of burns suffered during the Tubbs Fire in October. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Khachik Papanyan)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Michel Azarian, 41, died on Nov. 26 at UC Davis Medical Center from extensive burns he suffered when the Tubbs Fire trapped him outside his home on the outskirts of Santa Rosa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People who knew him describe Azarian as a natural engineer -- his mind was the right mix of creative and analytical. His talents brought him from tragedy in war-torn Lebanon to the United States, Silicon Valley and eventually Santa Rosa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Azarian’s father and uncle were killed in the mid-1980s during the Lebanese civil war, his friend Khachik Papanyan said in a phone interview. The family business was destroyed in a bombing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Azarian helped his mother rebuild and worked in a shop selling bedding in his hometown of Zahle, Lebanon, but he dreamed of attending the American University of Beirut.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"aligncenter\">\n\u003cdetails>\n\u003csummary>\u003cstrong>Read more about Michel Azarian\u003c/strong>\u003c/summary>\n\u003cp>He found out the only way he’d have a shot at getting in was an exceptionally high SAT score.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He was a smart enough guy where he was able to get an amazing score on the test and get admitted,” Papanyan said. “However, that wasn’t enough. They didn’t have enough funds to cover the tuition for the first year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Azarian sold land left to him by his father, invested, and sold again, eventually generating enough money to cover his first year’s tuition. He majored in electrical engineering and started earning scholarships.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2002, Azarian was recruited to work for National Instruments in Austin, Texas, where he met Papanyan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We went to an event, actually a lecture about Greek architecture, and somehow I think I asked a question related to Armenia,” Papanyan said. Azarian, whose father was Armenian, approached Papanyan after the lecture. “That’s how we struck our friendship in Austin, and we’ve been best friends since then.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Azarian spent eight years in Austin, designing radio technology and other wireless circuitry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He was extremely gifted when it came to problem-solving,” said Papanyan, who worked for Dell at the time. “The regular puzzles it would take me a day to solve, he could solve it in the blink of an eye.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Outside of work, Azarian’s passions led him away from circuit boards and into nature. Papanyan said his friend was elated when he got a new job -- for Linear Technology -- and moved to San Jose in 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He loved to travel. He loved photography. He loved hiking quite a bit,” Papanyan said. He added that Azarian told him he’d hiked almost every weekend in Silicon Valley and “never had to repeat a trail.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he left a community of friends in Texas, including one associated with the Armenian Church of Austin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For those of you who had the pleasure of knowing Michel, he had the kindest heart and an incredible lust for life,” wrote Mihran Aroian, parish council chairman for the church, in an announcement of Azarian’s death. “He was also an active globetrotter and a brilliant photographer. He had a robust appreciation both for the quiet beauty in nature, along with fun adventures and laughter with friends.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Azarian’s Instagram feed contains a mix of landscape photography, vibrant natural close-ups and some urban/architectural shots. Papanyan said the bulk of Azarian’s photos are believed to have been stored on his home computer, destroyed in the fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.instagram.com/p/BYH4U11F9tM/\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He moved to Santa Rosa about two years ago, Papanyan said, and took a new job with Keysight Technologies there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Papanyan said he wasn’t sure whether Azarian was at home on Oct. 8, the night the fires hit Santa Rosa, or if he was outdoors and trapped by the wind-whipped wall of flames that roared across the hills from Calistoga.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Either way, he couldn’t get out, and appears to have tried to take shelter in a small clearing near his home. That’s where he was discovered the next day, with severe burns on more than half his body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s just amazing that he was able to survive the whole night being surrounded by the firestorm,” Papanyan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thus began some six weeks of hospital visits to Azarian’s bedside at the UC Davis Medical Center in Sacramento. Azarian couldn’t talk -- his throat was blocked by a ventilator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The only way he could communicate was with his hand,” Papanyan said. “He would actually write out the letters and we would try to decode what he was saying.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A family friend went to Lebanon to bring Azarian’s mother to his bedside. She had been with him for the past few weeks, Papanyan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keysight Technologies helped support his mother’s room and travel, according to friends and high-ranking executives, who joined her in Azarian’s hospital room many times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He died Sunday, according to information from Cal Fire, UC Davis Medical Center and the Sacramento County Coroner’s Office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He was an intelligent, fun-loving, nature-loving guy that always had a broad smile on his face, was always there for his friends,” Papanyan said. “He’s now in the heavens, and he will be with us in our memories forever. It was an honor, a great honor, knowing him.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#top\">Return to top\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\u003c/details>\n\u003cp>\u003ca id=\"berriz\">\u003cbr>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Carmen Caldentey Berriz: Beloved Mother and Grandmother\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Carmen Caldentey Berriz, 75, died in the arms of her husband, Armando Berriz, a man from whom she’d been inseparable since they met in Cuba when they were young. The couple, married 55 years, had been on vacation with family in Santa Rosa when the Tubbs Fire erupted. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When their car got stuck on a fallen tree as they fled, the pair decided to seek shelter in a swimming pool at the vacation home where they’d been staying. Carmen held onto Armando, who was keeping them afloat by hanging onto the sides of the pool, KTVU reported. She died in the pool.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Everything they did was as a team,\" daughter Monica Ocon told \u003ca href=\"http://www.ktvu.com/news/woman-dies-in-husbands-arms-seeking-shelter-in-pool-during-santa-rosa-fire\">KTVU\u003c/a>. \"They had this bond and this strength that literally lasted a lifetime.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Berriz, from Apple Valley in San Bernardino County, is survived by her husband; daughter Monica Ocon and her son-in-law, Luis Ocon; daughter Carmen T. Berriz; son Armando J. Berriz and daughter-in-law Catherine Berriz; and seven grandchildren, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Carmen-Berriz-died-in-her-husband-s-arms-trying-12277372.php\">San Francisco Chronicle reported\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I talked to her every day,” Monica Ocon told the Chronicle. “It’s an amazing bond that I had with her. I will forever try to be like her.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#top\">Return to top\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003ca id=\"bowman\">\u003cbr>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>'They Were Holding Each Other': Roy and Irma Bowman of Redwood Valley\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11629165\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/bowmans1-2.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-11629165\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/bowmans1-2-1020x934.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"586\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Irma and Roy Bowman in 2015 with a plaque commemorating their 50th wedding anniversary.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The past two years were not the easiest of Roy and Irma Bowman's more than half-century together. Roy needed triple-bypass heart surgery early in 2016, a procedure that required a long convalescence. Family members had to persuade Irma to leave his bedside to eat and sleep.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"She would spend the night there if we wouldn't have made her go home,\" said Elizabeth Bowman, who is married to the Bowmans' son, Gary, and lives in Medford, Oregon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"aligncenter\">\n\u003cdetails>\n\u003csummary>\u003cstrong>Read more about Irma and Roy Bowman\u003c/strong>\u003c/summary>\n\u003cp>Earlier this year, Roy Bowman suffered a stroke that put him back in the hospital and left him struggling to speak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He knew who we were and would try to say our names,\" said Elizabeth Bowman. \"The fact he couldn't talk was very rough on him. He would get agitated, so he worked very hard on regaining his speech.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bowmans — Irma was 88, Roy was 87 — were still emerging from that crisis last month when a wildfire charged across a nearby ridge and toward their home in a development set amid vineyards and oak woodlands in the Mendocino County community of Redwood Valley, north of Ukiah.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All 22 homes in the development burned in the fire early Oct. 9. The Bowmans were among nine people killed or fatally injured in a 1.5-mile-long corridor along Tomki and West roads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They must have been in bed,\" Elizabeth Bowman said. \"The fire marshal told us that they were holding each other when they found their remains.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bowmans are remembered as intensely devoted to their family, to their churches and to each other. They had been members of the Assembly of God congregations in both Ukiah and Redwood Valley and were well-known and loved for their usually unadvertised generosity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They were very dedicated to the Lord and very dedicated to their church,\" said the Rev. Jack McMilin, pastor of the Redwood Valley Assembly of God. \"Any time there was a need or any time there was a campaign for something, they always wanted to be involved as far as supporting it financially.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McMilin said that at a memorial service for the Bowmans, members of the congregation talked about how the couple had helped them with various needs -- in one case, for instance, paying the tuition for a family that was otherwise unable to send its children to a local religious school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When I pass away, I'd like to be that well spoken of,\" McMilin said. \"It was pretty amazing the things people said.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roy Howard Bowman was born in 1930, the descendant of Oregon pioneers, and graduated from Oregon State University in 1954 with a bachelor of science degree in general agriculture. He served in the Air Force, retiring with the rank of lieutenant colonel. After his military service, he worked as a soil scientist for the U.S. Department of Agriculture. He's listed as the author and editor of several Soil Conservation Service studies of California counties, including San Diego, Santa Cruz, Placer and eastern Mendocino.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Irma Elsie Wobschall was born to a German-American family in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, in 1929. She emigrated to San Diego by 1950, married, had two sons, and divorced. She later studied art at Palomar Junior College, in the northern San Diego County town of San Marcos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elizabeth Bowman said Irma met Roy at a square dance in San Marcos. They dated for a year or so and were married June 13, 1965. After the wedding, Roy formally adopted Irma's sons — Gary and Mark — \"and gave them his name,\" Bowman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She added that her late mother-in-law was a creative force — a skilled visual artist and an accomplished baker and chef.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Elizabeth and Gary Bowman married, \"She made our wedding cake -- a four-tier wedding cake. It was wonderful -- she was very artistic and could bake anything.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elizabeth Bowman said the family is still grappling with its grief over the deaths — a process she doesn't expect to end anytime soon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's going to take time,\" she said. \"It's going to take a long time.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#top\">Return to top\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\u003c/details>\n\u003cp>\u003ca id=\"chaney\">\u003cbr>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>George Chaney and Edward Stone Loved Traveling and Collecting Art\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Napa Valley resident Don Judah said he was out on his deck sometime between 9:30 and 10 p.m. on Oct. 8 when he noticed fire coming down the ridgeline across the valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I told my wife, 'Call George to get his ass out of there now,' \" Judah said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Judah's wife, Margaret, called their good friend George Chaney, 89, who lived with his lifelong partner, Edward Stone, 79, on Atlas Peak Road. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The area has a history of fires. Chaney’s shed had burned down in swept the countryside in 1981, but his house survived.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Margaret Judah got through to Chaney on the phone. He told her he couldn’t see anything. She said he and Edward would come to their house.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fifteen minutes later, she phoned again to see if he’d left the house yet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He says, ‘Margaret, my house is on fire,' ” Don said. Then the line went dead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Don and Margaret tried to get up the hill to see if they could help Chaney and Stone, their friends of nearly half a century, get out. Within a mile of their house, the fire was so intense the two had to turn back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Thursday, Oct. 12, Don got word from officials that George Chaney and Edward Stone had died in their home. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"aligncenter\">\n\u003cdetails>\n\u003csummary>\u003cstrong>Read more about George Chaney and Edward Stone\u003c/strong>\u003c/summary>\n\u003cp>Originally from Texas, Chaney moved to Napa in 1958 to work as a radiologist at the newly opened \u003ca href=\"https://www.thequeen.org/\">Queen of the Valley Medical Center\u003c/a> in Napa. Don met Chaney in 1960, when Chaney hired him to work in the radiology department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He was an excellent physician and radiologist,\" Don remembered. \"He just had a manner about him that was always kind of calm. He wasn’t a volatile person at all.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Don said Chaney's leadership helped keep Queen of the Valley's radiology department on the cutting edge of medical imaging technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He knew where we were going, and he wanted to do the best he could for the patients,\" Don said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chaney's partner, Stone, worked for Wells Fargo Bank in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After Chaney and Stone retired, Don said, they spent a lot of time traveling together to Europe, Asia and Africa. Don and his wife often joined them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I know they really enjoyed travel,\" he said. \"I would say the two enjoyed classical music and artwork. George had an Asian art collection with Chinese screens and Japanese sculptures.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Don said the pair had excellent senses of humor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The thing about most of the dear friends I have is there’s a bond you have,\" Don said. \"Humor is what hangs us together and keeps us together.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#top\">Return to top\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\u003c/details>\n\u003cp>\u003ca id=\"collinsswasey\">\u003cbr>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Carol Collins-Swasey Remembered for Her 'Wicked Sense of Irreverent Humor'\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Carol Collins-Swasey was known by close family and friends as an independent, strong-willed woman with a “wicked sense of irreverent humor.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in typical fashion, she insisted on writing her own obituary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She didn’t want them saying a bunch of flowery crap about her,” said Staci Peyer-Reupke, a close friend. “She just wanted it to be funny.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you are reading this, I am dead,” she wrote in the obituary that her family incorporated into a \u003ca href=\"http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/pressdemocrat/obituary.aspx?n=carol-h-collins&pid=187019168\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">larger one\u003c/a> published in the Santa Rosa Press Democrat. “And no, I did not look this good when I checked out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"aligncenter\">\n\u003cdetails>\n\u003csummary>\u003cstrong>Read more about Carol Collins-Swasey\u003c/strong>\u003c/summary>\n\u003cp>Collins-Swasey, 76, a Santa Rosa real estate agent and former journalist, died on Oct. 9 in her Hemlock Street home near Coffey Park in the Tubbs Fire that devastated her neighborhood. Her husband of 27 years, Jim Swasey, was out of town.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Born in January 1941 in Louisville, Kentucky, Collins-Swasey grew up with three brothers, and bounced between her divorced parents’ homes in Georgia and Chicago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the obituary the family published, one brother remembered her as \"a bit glamorous and a bit demanding, but always magic.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Collins-Swasey went on to study journalism at the University of Iowa, and after working briefly as a journalist in Los Angeles, headed north, She eventually settled in Santa Rosa, where she lived for the remaining 30 years of her life, working as a Century 21 residential real estate agent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was blessed with some talents and was successful in several professional fields,” she said in her obituary notes. But she added: “I never stayed long with anything -- jobs, houses, husbands or friends -- until moving to Sonoma County.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Collins-Swasey was an avid traveler and a committed community volunteer, most recently helping out at Sutter Hospice Thrift Store on Sundays.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her friend Peyer-Reupke, a regular at the thrift store, said she was drawn to Collins-Swasey’s giving nature and fun-loving personality. “I think that’s what I’m really going to miss the most,” she said. “She once told me she didn’t want a memorial service when she died. She wanted a party.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Collins-Swasey underscored that wish in her obituary notes: “Instead of feeling obligated to attend a memorial service -- and there won't be one -- contribute to a charity of your choice, and give a friend an extra hug today.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to her husband and brothers, Collins-Swasey is survived by a son and multiple stepchildren.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#top\">Return to top\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\u003c/details>\n\u003cp>\u003ca id=\"coolidge\">\u003cbr>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Stanley Coolidge, a Noted Attorney Who Loved Riding a Motorcycle\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11636547\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 130px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28508_stanleycoolidge-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28508_stanleycoolidge-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"130\" height=\"152\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11636547\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Stanley Coolidge loved volunteering and riding his motorcycle. He passed away at age 78 in the Cascade Fire. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Appeal Democrat)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp> Stanley Coolidge leaves behind a legacy as a noted attorney, loving father and grandfather, short story writer and prolific volunteer. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to his obituary in Marysville's \u003ca href=\"http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/appealdemocrat/obituary.aspx?pid=187076634\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Appeal Democrat\u003c/a>, Coolidge was 78 when he died at his Yuba County home in Loma Rica on Oct. 9 during the Cascade Fire. His obit reports that he was with his fiancee, \u003ca href=\"http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/appealdemocrat/obituary.aspx?page=lifestory&pid=187076628\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Roseann Hannah\u003c/a>, who also died in the fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"aligncenter\">\n\u003cdetails>\n\u003csummary>\u003cstrong>Read more about Stanley Coolidge\u003c/strong>\u003c/summary>\n\u003cp>Born in San Francisco on May 17, 1939, Coolidge, who went by \"Stan,\" earned his law degree from UC Berkeley's Boalt Hall and was admitted to the bar in 1965. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coolidge had three children. One son, Andrew Coolidge, told \u003ca href=\"http://www.krcrtv.com/news/father-of-chico-city-councilman-presumed-dead-in-fire/635873925\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">KRCR News\u003c/a> that he and his father spoke nearly every other day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This fire was a complete tragedy,\" Andrew Coolidge told the television station. \"It was fast and it was terrible and I know a lot of people are concerned about the property damage, but when you're dealing with losing someone close to you, losing a loved one, it really makes all of that other stuff very much not important.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanley Coolidge's \u003ca href=\"http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/appealdemocrat/obituary.aspx?pid=187076634\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">obituary\u003c/a> tells the story of a man who dedicated his life to volunteering and giving back to others. According to his \u003ca href=\"http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/appealdemocrat/obituary.aspx?pid=187076634\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">obituary\u003c/a>, he also loved to ride his Harley-Davidson motorcycle and was a longtime member of \u003ca href=\"http://www.theamericansmc.com/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">The Americans Motorcycle Club\u003c/a>, which raises funds to cure childhood cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A joint service was held for Coolidge and \u003ca href=\"#hannah\">Hannah\u003c/a> on Nov. 3 at Veterans Memorial Hall in Yuba City.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#top\">Return to top\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\u003c/details>\n\u003cp>\u003ca id=\"costanzo\">\u003cbr>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Friends Were Like Family to Janet Costanzo\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Janet Kay Costanzo was warm, smart, spunky and a real trailblazer, her friends said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She wanted to work a man’s job so she could make a man’s wage,\" said Reeah Winkle, who was 8 years old when she met Costanzo. “And that’s what she did. She drove trucks at Pac Bell, just like my dad.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Costanzo lived in the Mendocino County community of Redwood Valley with \u003ca href=\"#stelter\">Steve Stelter\u003c/a>, Winkle’s father. Both died in the October wildfires that swept through Mendocino County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"aligncenter\">\n\u003cdetails>\n\u003csummary>\u003cstrong>Read more about Janet Kay Costanzo\u003c/strong>\u003c/summary>\n\u003cp>Costanzo, 71, was found inside her home in Redwood Valley. Stelter, 56, was found near a vehicle. The Mendocino County Sheriff's Office said it appears he was attempting to evacuate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Costanzo had lived in the valley for about 10 years and it suited her outdoorsy personality, Winkle said. “She was a very smart woman; she knew a lot about everything.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of Winkle’s first memories of Costanzo was the time she was allowed to ride her horse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She was around horses all of her life,” said Robert Costanzo, who dated Janet in the 1970s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He remembers Janet as a “warm, friendly, outgoing person.” The two lived together in her mother’s house on Coolidge Avenue in Oakland. She took Robert’s last name in order to get health insurance at the time, he said. She kept the name for the rest of her life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11627604\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 646px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11627604 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/1970s.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"646\" height=\"622\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/1970s.jpg 646w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/1970s-160x154.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/1970s-240x231.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/1970s-375x361.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/1970s-520x501.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/1970s-32x32.jpg 32w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 646px) 100vw, 646px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Janet Costanzo and Robert Costanzo dated in the 1970s. The two never married but Janet took his last name in order to get health insurance. Robert remembers Janet as warm, friendly and outgoing. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Robert Costanzo)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Her dad lived in Southern California on several acres of land and had a few horses, Robert recalls. “She used to like to do dressage and trail rides,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Janet Costanzo also bred cats. She had a parrot and two dogs, Riot and Annie.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She and Stelter moved from Oakland to her aunt’s property in Redwood Valley roughly 10 years ago. \"They had a lot of land up there,” said Steve's brother, Doug Stelter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doug moved into a trailer on the property about five years ago. The three of them would go on walks together, watch television -- \"American Pickers\" and \"Deadliest Catch\" were favorites -- and they would take turns cooking dinner and then eat together almost every night, said Doug.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"She was a good person,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They were taken from our lives too soon,\" said Winkle. \"We love them very much and they remain in our hearts.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/details>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#top\">Return to top\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\n\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003ca id=\"culp\">\u003cbr>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Vietnam Vet David Culp Leaves an Empty Spot\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11637505\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 242px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28581_David-Culp-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"242\" height=\"326\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11637505\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28581_David-Culp-qut.jpg 242w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28581_David-Culp-qut-160x216.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28581_David-Culp-qut-240x323.jpg 240w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 242px) 100vw, 242px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fire victim David Culp was a member of the Foothill Lions Club. \u003ccite>(Foothill Lions Club)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>David Patrick Culp, 76, a Vietnam veteran, died on Oct. 10 in the Cascade Fire that swept through his Loma Rica neighborhood in Yuba County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People came by and told him it’s getting too close, he had to leave, but being the stubborn vet that he was, he decided to stay with his equipment, figuring he could stop it,” Mike Saala, a friend, told \u003ca href=\"http://sacramento.cbslocal.com/2017/10/19/yuba-county-mourns-4-killed-by-devastating-cascade-fire/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CBS Sacramento\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Culp piloted UH-1 “Huey” helicopters during the Vietnam War, according to an obituary on the website of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.foothill-lions.net/index_files/Page682.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Foothill Lions and Lioness Club\u003c/a> in Marysville. He was a regular at the club on Thursday nights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He will be missed ... there will be a vacant spot,” Saala said. \u003ca id=\"dornbach\">\u003cbr>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Michael Dornbach Was Searching for His ‘Little Piece of Heaven’\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11631075\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27977_Uncle-Michael-qut-800x589.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"589\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11631075\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27977_Uncle-Michael-qut-800x589.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27977_Uncle-Michael-qut-160x118.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27977_Uncle-Michael-qut-1020x750.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27977_Uncle-Michael-qut-1180x868.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27977_Uncle-Michael-qut-960x706.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27977_Uncle-Michael-qut-240x177.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27977_Uncle-Michael-qut-375x276.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27977_Uncle-Michael-qut-520x383.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27977_Uncle-Michael-qut.jpg 1392w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Michael Dornbach, 57, died Oct. 9 in Calistoga. \u003ccite>(Photo courtesy of Maria Triliegi)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Michael Dornbach came to California with his family when he was just 10 years old. They settled in the small West Marin town of Inverness, where he learned how to fish for salmon on Tomales Bay. His mother, Maria Triliegi, said he became a great fisherman, always winning the jackpot in any competition he entered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Triliegi remembered how much her son loved the water. Not just the ocean, but lakes and rivers, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s why he was so anxious to get his little piece of heaven,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dornbach, 57, lived in San Pedro but came to Northern California in October, searching for that piece of heaven. The family was hoping to buy a small piece of land close to the Klamath River, someplace where he could build a cabin, fish, plant a garden and watch the stars at night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Triliegi said he wanted to live out in the open, like the guys in his favorite movie, “Lonesome Dove.” But he didn’t want to be all alone out there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The cabin would have enough room for his mom and family members to come and stay,” Triliegi said. “His family was everything to him.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dornbach was staying with family on an 18-acre property in rural Calistoga when the October Tubbs Fire tore through and claimed his life. Triliegi said. “My biggest sadness is that the land he loved so much, in the finality of it all, took him.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dornbach is survived by his mother; a brother, Joshua Triliegi; a sister, Laura Dornbach; as well as aunts, uncles and cousins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#top\">Return to top\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003ca id=\"evans\">\u003cbr>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Valerie Lynn Evans: 'A Real Cowboy-Type Girl'\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11627475\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Valerie-Evans-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Valerie Lynn Evans, right, with her son, Houston Evans Jr.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11627475\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Valerie-Evans-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Valerie-Evans-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Valerie-Evans-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Valerie-Evans-1920x1080.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Valerie-Evans-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Valerie-Evans-960x540.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Valerie-Evans-240x135.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Valerie-Evans-375x211.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Valerie-Evans-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Valerie Lynn Evans, right, shares a treat with her son, Houston Evans Jr. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Victoria Evans)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Valerie Lynn Evans loved horses. She grew up around them as a child and continued to raise and show horses as an adult. That was one reason she was so happy in her home on Coffey Lane in Santa Rosa -- she had space for her horses and plenty of beautiful places to ride.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She was a real cowboy-type girl,” said her husband, Houston G. Evans Sr., who himself spent time working as a rodeo cowboy. In fact, that’s how the two met.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was Nov. 22, 1963, the day John F. Kennedy was shot. Houston was scheduled for a rodeo in Las Vegas that was canceled because of the assassination, so he drove to Los Angeles to see if he could work a rodeo there instead. He approached a group of people talking out front, one of whom he knew, and met Valerie. They went to a party together and were soon dating, marrying a few years later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"aligncenter\">\n\u003cdetails>\n\u003csummary>\u003cstrong>Read more about Valerie Lynn Evans\u003c/strong>\u003c/summary>\n\u003cp>In the early morning hours of Oct. 9, the couple woke to a fire outside their window. Houston said they had only a few minutes to get out of the house.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Valerie wanted to save the horse trailer parked in the yard, so her husband, who is 88 years old and suffers from gout, went down the road to get the tractor. When he turned around, the house was an inferno. He rushed back, but Valerie wasn’t where she said she’d be waiting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I almost knew instantly that she went back into the house to get the dogs,” Houston said. He fled, barely escaping with his own life. Their son, Houston Evans Jr., and his wife, Victoria, used their knowledge of the back roads around his parents' house to find a way around closures, eventually reaching Evans Sr., who had taken cover behind a shed down the road.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I haven’t seen anything like this since I was in the war,” the elder Houston said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Valerie, who was 75 when she died, loved their home in Santa Rosa, working “every kind of dirty lousy job you can think of to pay for this place.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She operated a Caterpillar tractor at the dump and drove trucks for several companies in the area. She even worked as a dispatcher in Santa Rosa, a job her husband said she had to quit. “It was too much for her to handle, people getting killed and murdered. It would give her nightmares.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Raising and showing horses was Valerie’s passion. The couple traveled all over the country to compete in horse shows, often bringing home ribbons and trophies. She loved to ride in the beautiful countryside around Santa Rosa and in the Southern California mountains when the couple lived there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She enjoyed life,\" her husband said. \"She enjoyed friends; she enjoyed nature.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Valerie Lynn Evans is survived by her husband, Houston G. Evans Sr.; a son, Houston G. Evans Jr.; and her daughter-in-law, Victoria Evans. The family plans to hold a memorial service for Valerie sometime in the spring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#top\">Return to top\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\u003c/details>\n\u003cp>\u003ca id=\"gardiner\">\u003cbr>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Barbara Jane Gardiner and Elizabeth Charlene Foster: A Creative Soul and Her Caregiver\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The walls and halls of Barbara Jane Gardiner’s Mendocino County home in Redwood Valley were her museum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11635940\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 324px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/JaneGardiner1.eps_20171101.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/JaneGardiner1.eps_20171101.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"324\" height=\"471\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11635940\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/JaneGardiner1.eps_20171101.jpg 324w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/JaneGardiner1.eps_20171101-160x233.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/JaneGardiner1.eps_20171101-240x349.jpg 240w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 324px) 100vw, 324px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo is from the Ukiah Daily Journal obituary page\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Gardiner was a creative soul, according to her obituary in the \u003ca href=\"http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/ukiahdailyjournal/obituary.aspx?n=barbara-jane-gardiner&pid=187113806\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ukiah Daily Journal\u003c/a>. From the beaded earrings to the knitted crafts, her personality was as vibrant as the colors she chose in her personal art pieces. She collect painted glass art and fashionable handbags. Her needlework was intricate, along with the never-conforming art she made.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to \u003ca href=\"http://www.pressdemocrat.com/news/7809163-181/remembering-northern-california-fire-victims?sba=AAS\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">her obituary\u003c/a> in the Santa Rosa Press Democrat, Barbara Jane Gardiner moved to Redwood Valley with her husband Eugene Vincent Gardiner about 1980. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Oct. 9 at 1 a.m., she called her stepson, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.mendovoice.com/2017/10/names-of-deceased-redwood-fire/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the Mendocino County Sheriff’s Department\u003c/a>, to tell him that fire had surrounded her home. She was with her caregiver, Elizabeth Charlene Foster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Foster was 64 years old. The two lived together on Tomki Road in Redwood Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the county sheriff’s department, Gardiner told her stepson that she and Foster were waiting for the fire department to evacuated them from their home. They didn’t survive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Her signature smile and high-pitch, jolly laugh will echo in the hearts of those who loved her,” said Barbara Jane Gardiner’s Ukiah Daily Journal obituary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#top\">Return to top\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003ca id=\"grabow\">\u003cbr>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Mike Grabow 'Instantly Made People Feel Better About Themselves'\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11628766\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11628766\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27896_22489993_10208498866384214_2692149478615782517_n-qut-800x800.jpg\" alt=\"Mike Grabow, 40, and his French bulldog, Stax, died when the Tubbs Fire hit their neighborhood in Santa Rosa on Oct. 9.\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27896_22489993_10208498866384214_2692149478615782517_n-qut-800x800.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27896_22489993_10208498866384214_2692149478615782517_n-qut-160x160.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27896_22489993_10208498866384214_2692149478615782517_n-qut.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27896_22489993_10208498866384214_2692149478615782517_n-qut-240x240.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27896_22489993_10208498866384214_2692149478615782517_n-qut-375x375.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27896_22489993_10208498866384214_2692149478615782517_n-qut-520x520.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27896_22489993_10208498866384214_2692149478615782517_n-qut-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27896_22489993_10208498866384214_2692149478615782517_n-qut-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27896_22489993_10208498866384214_2692149478615782517_n-qut-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27896_22489993_10208498866384214_2692149478615782517_n-qut-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27896_22489993_10208498866384214_2692149478615782517_n-qut-128x128.jpg 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27896_22489993_10208498866384214_2692149478615782517_n-qut-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mike Grabow, 40, and his French bulldog, Stax, died when the Tubbs Fire hit their neighborhood in Santa Rosa on Oct. 9. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Rachael Ingram)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The morning before the Tubbs Fire swept through Santa Rosa, Mike Charles Grabow was in a local bar giving away hope bracelets. He'd bought them for friends as a way to donate to breast cancer research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Grabow's sister, Lindsay Osier, said he often gave generously to those around him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"aligncenter\">\n\u003cdetails>\n\u003csummary>\u003cstrong>Read more about Mike Grabow\u003c/strong>\u003c/summary>\n\u003cp>“He was always giving money to charities and wherever he could find ways to help out,” Osier said. “He didn’t require anything back. It was all freely given.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Grabow was 40 when he died. Osier misses her brother’s hugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The hugs that he gave me would take all of the problems away,” she said. “He just instantly made people feel better about themselves and encouraged you to be a better human being.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11628765\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 437px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11628765\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27895_23115093_10210794951373989_1858367344_n-qut-e1510955812607.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"437\" height=\"633\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27895_23115093_10210794951373989_1858367344_n-qut-e1510955812607.jpg 437w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27895_23115093_10210794951373989_1858367344_n-qut-e1510955812607-160x232.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27895_23115093_10210794951373989_1858367344_n-qut-e1510955812607-240x348.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27895_23115093_10210794951373989_1858367344_n-qut-e1510955812607-375x543.jpg 375w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 437px) 100vw, 437px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mike Grabow, 40, passed away when the Tubbs Fire hit his Santa Rosa neighborhood early the morning of Oct. 9. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Lindsay Osier)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Grabow lived in Northern California for the past five years and had a tight-knit circle of friends. They remember his energy and his love of craft beer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ll remember him for how much he loved everyone around him and how fully he lived his life,” said Rachael Ingram, one of his friends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier in his life, Grabow lived in the Pacific Northwest. He eventually moved back to Idaho, where he was born and lived for most of his adult life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He loved the outdoors and found lots of opportunities to enjoy it around Boise. Osier said that when Grabow was young, his grandfather took him fishing a lot, and that is when he was truly the happiest. Grabow also liked to snowboard, hunt and golf.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for work, he showed his independence by being self-employed in jobs that allowed him to be outside, such as landscaping and construction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11628769\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/22780678_10208545187702218_6620350318759447796_n.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11628769\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/22780678_10208545187702218_6620350318759447796_n-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/22780678_10208545187702218_6620350318759447796_n-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/22780678_10208545187702218_6620350318759447796_n-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/22780678_10208545187702218_6620350318759447796_n.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/22780678_10208545187702218_6620350318759447796_n-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/22780678_10208545187702218_6620350318759447796_n-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/22780678_10208545187702218_6620350318759447796_n-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Friends and family of Mike Grabow, 40, celebrate his life at Cooperage Brewing Co. in Santa Rosa on Oct. 25, 2017. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Rachael Ingram)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On Oct. 26, friends and family celebrated Grabow at one of his favorite places to grab a beer, Cooperage Brewing Co. in Santa Rosa. They raised money for fire relief efforts in his name.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a huge community of people that are missing him right now,” Ingram says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#top\">Return to top\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\u003c/details>\n\u003cp>\u003ca id=\"grant\">\u003cbr>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Retired Navy Pilot Arthur Tasman Grant ‘Would Do Anything to Help Somebody Out’\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Like his wife, Suiko Grant, Arthur Tasman Grant loved spending time with his granddaughter, Sloane.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11627332\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 236px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Arthur-Grant-e1509496770485.jpg\" alt=\"Arthur Grant of Santa Rosa as a young man.\" width=\"236\" height=\"133\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11627332\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Arthur-Grant-e1509496770485.jpg 236w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Arthur-Grant-e1509496770485-160x90.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 236px) 100vw, 236px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Arthur Grant of Santa Rosa as a young man. \u003ccite>(Photo: Courtesy of Trina Grant)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The retired Navy lieutenant and Pan Am Airlines captain also relished sitting in the sun watching the birds ride the updrafts, having a beer and sharing his stories about all the years he spent flying airplanes. “Those little things, and his garden, which really was his realm,” says Grant’s daughter, Trina Grant, of her father’s many favorite pastimes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Grant was 95 at the time of his death in the Tubbs Fire. He and his wife, who also died in the blaze, fled to the wine cellar of their hilltop Santa Rosa home to escape the flames.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He is survived by daughters Tasman Grant of San Francisco and Trina Grant of Denver, as well as his granddaughter. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"aligncenter\">\n\u003cdetails>\n\u003csummary>\u003cstrong>Read more about Arthur Tasman and Suiko Grant\u003c/strong>\u003c/summary>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11627316\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 217px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/The-Grants-e1509494914613.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"217\" height=\"123\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11627316\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/The-Grants-e1509494914613.jpg 217w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/The-Grants-e1509494914613-160x91.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 217px) 100vw, 217px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Trina, Suiko and Arthur Grant at Trina and Arthur's home in Santa Rosa. \u003ccite>(Photo: Courtesy of Trina Grant)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Grant grew up in Point Arena on a dairy farm. He had 12 siblings. He joined the Navy during World War II, where he trained as a fighter pilot. After retiring from the military, he worked for Pan Am for 25 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trina Grant remembers her father’s innate kindness. “He would do anything to help somebody out,” Trina Grant says.” In addition to being an accomplished aviator, Trina Grant said, her father was an extraordinary artist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But cooking wasn’t among his many skills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trina Grant fondly remembered the time she was home from college, grievously sick, at age 18. This was before cellphones. Her mom was away, and she needed her father’s help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It took me two hours to drag myself along the floor from the bed to the phone, whereupon I finally called him,” Trina Grant said. “He leapt into action, bringing me microwaved mushroom soup that was barely lukewarm and not particularly appetizing. But he came and brought it to me with such good intention, that despite how horrid the soup was, at that moment, it was the best meal I’d ever had.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The family asks that donations be made to veterans support organizations or to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.youcaring.com/arthursuikotrinagrant-979411\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Arthur and Suiko Grant Memorial Fund\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#top\">Return to top\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\u003c/details>\n\u003cp> \u003ca id=\"halbur\">\u003cbr>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Donna and Leroy Halbur Were Always Prepared for an Extra Guest\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11634271\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Halbur2-1020x680-1-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11634271\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Halbur2-1020x680-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Halbur2-1020x680-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Halbur2-1020x680-1.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Halbur2-1020x680-1-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Halbur2-1020x680-1-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Halbur2-1020x680-1-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Halbur2-1020x680-1-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Donna and LeRoy Halbur, Aug. 4, 2017. \u003ccite>(Michelle Halbur)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Donna Mae Kearney was born Aug. 10, 1937, in Iowa City, Iowa. Four days later, LeRoy Halbur came into the world in Roselle, almost due east and 200 miles across the state. They died together, Oct. 9, at their home in the Larkfield area of Santa Rosa, at the age of 80.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In between, they married, had careers, two sons and two grandchildren. Over the years they welcomed many people into their home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They first met in Iowa, after Leroy was out of the Army and Donna had graduated from college, which she had left a Catholic religious order to attend. They married on Aug. 12, 1967. Some 40 years ago, they moved into the hillside house on Angela Drive, next to a vineyard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"aligncenter\">\n\u003cdetails>\n\u003csummary>\u003cstrong>Read more about Donna and Leroy Halbur\u003c/strong>\u003c/summary>\n\u003cp>LeRoy was a CPA and worked for over 30 years at the real estate company Codding Enterprises, becoming a vice president. Donna, with her degree in education, worked as a substitute teacher in elementary schools and later as a reading specialist. He was the serious financial guy, she the creative free spirit, says their son, Tim Halbur.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They were both Depression-era kids,” he says. “So they always had a full pantry and full freezer and were ready to feed people.” LeRoy, too, had Catholic roots, and he practiced rather than preached a life of service. Three nights a week, he delivered food to the poor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The couple loved to travel and once a year took the family on a big trip -- Mongolia, the Nile, China. At home, they played pinochle. That was the family game. “Every time we got together, it was the rhythm of our house,” says Halbur. “Eat a meal, clear the table, play some games.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In August, Donna and LeRoy celebrated their 50th wedding anniversary, and for the occasion Tim created a video tribute, in which you can see snapshots of their life together. The song is Glenn Miller’s“ Moonlight Serenade.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i1VRk8JTd-0&feature=youtu.be\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They are survived by their two sons, Tim and David Halbur; their daughters-in-law, Michelle Halbur and Amy Heibel; their grandsons, Travion Jackson and Rowan Halbur; and siblings, Jolene, Linda, Ken, Duane and Glen Halbur; and Cecil, Paul and Marcella Kearney.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#top\">Return to top\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\u003c/details>\n\u003cp>\u003ca id=\"hannah\">\u003cbr>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Roseann Hannah, Cascade Fire Victim, 'Prided Herself on Being a Great Mom'\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28510_Roseann-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28510_Roseann-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"171\" height=\"200\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-11636684\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28510_Roseann-qut.jpg 171w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28510_Roseann-qut-160x187.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 171px) 100vw, 171px\">\u003c/a>Roseann Hannah died in Yuba County's Cascade Fire on Oct. 9. She and her fiance, Stanley Coolidge, loved adventuring together. According to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Engaged-couple-who-loved-motorcycle-rides-die-12312065.php#next\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">San Francisco Chronicle\u003c/a>, they would ride Coolidge's motorcycle from his home in the community of Loma Rica up the coast to Oregon or to the beach in Mendocino County, where Hannah enjoyed spending time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The newspaper tribute said Hannah was visiting \u003ca href=\"#coolidge\">Coolidge\u003c/a> in Loma Rica when they both died in the Cascade Fire. She was 53 years old. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hannah lived in Grass Valley with her 26-year-old twin sons, Jeffrey and Jordan Hannah. Her \u003ca href=\"http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/appealdemocrat/obituary.aspx?page=lifestory&pid=187076628\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">obituary\u003c/a> said she was a loving mother and friend who \"loved her boys and doing things with them and for them.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to her two sons, Hannah is survived by a grandson, Aleczander Hannah.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#top\">Return to top\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003ca id=\"hanson\">\u003cbr>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Christina Hanson Shared Her Smile with Santa Rosa\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11629022\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11629022\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/brittney-frankie-846-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Christina Hanson of Santa Rosa was known as the life of every party. Here she is on the dance floor enjoying a family wedding with her father, Michael Hanson, left, and cousin, Shane Riordan, right. Christina Hanson died in the Tubbs Fire on Oct. 9, a month shy of her 28th birthday.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Christina Hanson of Santa Rosa was known as the life of every party. Here she is on the dance floor enjoying a family wedding with her father, Michael Hanson, left, and cousin, Shane Riordan, right, Christina Hanson died in the Tubbs Fire on Oct. 9, a month shy of her 28th birthday.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Christina Hanson shared one thing with everyone — her smile.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Your smile was infectious,\" wrote Santa Rosa resident Meg Barry in one of many \u003ca href=\"http://memorialwebsites.legacy.com/ChristinaHanson/homepage.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">tributes\u003c/a> posted online for the 27-year-old Hanson. \"You made my babies laugh, and we relaxed in the sunshine sharing jokes with one another. It was one of those moments where I felt like we’d known each other for a long time even though we’d just met.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"aligncenter\">\n\u003cdetails>\n\u003csummary>\u003cstrong>Read more about Christina Hanson\u003c/strong>\u003c/summary>\n\u003cp>Hanson was well known in her community and was close with her spiritual family at Spring Hills Community Church in Santa Rosa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hanson died Oct. 9 at her home on Wikiup Bridge Way in Santa Rosa, a month shy of her 28th birthday. Hanson's apartment in the Mark West Springs neighborhood was overrrun by the Tubbs Fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For days she was listed among the missing as her family and friends circulated photos asking for help in locating her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She was a much loved volunteer at Primrose, a local adult assisted living center specializing in memory care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"She had a connection with seniors her whole life,\" said her cousin, Brittney Vinculado. \"Maybe it was because of her own mobility issues.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hanson was born with \u003ca href=\"http://spinabifidaassociation.org/what-is-sb/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">spina bifida\u003c/a>, a spinal condition that affected her mobility and caused her to spend a lot of time in the hospital as a child. She was also very close to her grandmother, Vera Hanson, who passed away earlier this year, and Vinculado said talking and enjoying time with elders came naturally to Hanson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her father, Michael Hanson, lived in a separate apartment on the property. He was badly burned in the fire and his family believes he was trying to rescue his daughter when he was overcome by smoke and collapsed outside. He \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfchronicle.com/news/article/The-fight-after-the-fires-Loved-ones-keep-vigil-12332531.php\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">is still recovering\u003c/a> from his injuries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The fire came down the road and it was in the middle of the night, so people were sleeping and unaware and no evacuations had started. And they were one of the first neighborhoods hit,\" said Vinculado.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11629026\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11629026 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/IMG_5174-800x1066.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"1066\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Christina Hanson, 27, of Santa Rosa always had a smile to share with friends and family. She was especially close with her grandfather, Richard Hanson, left, and father Michael Hanson, right.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Hanson was very fond of animals and for many years was seen with her guide dog, Zulu, at the side of the wheelchair she used to help her move around.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most recently she adopted Joey, a terrier mix. The dog managed to make it out of the fire with minor burns on his paws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In middle school Hanson enjoyed playing basketball on an adaptive sports team. She was known for her love of singing, especially anything by Celine Dion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"She had a great sense of humor and a very positive attitude,\" Vinculado said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hanson was a talented craftswoman, especially with intricate work involving her hands. She loved making beaded jewelry to give as gifts for friends and family. She also learned American Sign Language, and her family says she was very good at interpreting for people with hearing impairments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the online tribute page, Christine O'Neil Frazier wrote: Your wit and wisdom touched everyone. You taught us all how to be better people. The world needed your love and kindness, but heaven needed you more.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Christina Hanson is survived by her father, Michael Hanson of Santa Rosa; her stepmother, Jennifer Watson of Santa Rosa; a grandfather, Richard Hanson of Oakley; and a grandmother, Rose Diaz of Dublin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The family suggests donations to the Shriners Hospitals for Children.\u003c/p>\u003c/details>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#top\">Return to top\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003ca id=\"hung\">\u003cbr>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>At 101 Years Old, Tak-Fu Hung Could Still Command a Room\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>By all accounts, Tak-Fu Hung was a remarkable man. He would have turned 102 on Nov. 25, but instead, his family held his funeral on that day. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hung died in his Fountaingrove home, on the eastern side of Santa Rosa, a victim of the Tubbs Fire. According to accounts by his family (in the \u003ca href=\"http://www.pressdemocrat.com/news/7649296-181/101-year-old-santa-rosa-man-now?artslide=0&sba=AAS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Santa Rosa Press Democrat)\u003c/a>, he couldn’t get out of his house fast enough as the flames approached. He told his wife of 46 years to flee, and he perished in the fire. She sustained burns but survived.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Born in 1915, Hung held the rank of general with the Chinese Nationalist army defeated by Chinese Communist forces after World War II. Hung fled to Hong Kong and then Taiwan, where he worked as a civil engineer, before moving to the Bay Area, according to his family. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They described him to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.pressdemocrat.com/news/7649296-181/101-year-old-santa-rosa-man-now?artslide=0&sba=AAS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Santa Rosa Press Democrat\u003c/a> as a man who loved his children and grandchildren and “was really good at commanding a room.” He only recently began using a cane to walk, and “liked a party” according to his daughter, Anne O’Hara. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He is survived by his wife, six children, 12 grandchildren and seven great-grandchildren.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#top\">Return to top\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003ca id=\"kirven\">\u003cbr>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>How Monte Kirven Helped Save the Peregrine Falcon\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11627460\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/IMG_10561-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"Monte Kirven holding a peregrine falcon. Kirven was a lifelong falconer and lover of the outdoors. He died in the Tubbs Fire.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11627460\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Monte Kirven holding a peregrine falcon. Kirven was a life-long falconer and lover of the outdoors. He died in the Tubbs Fire.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Sitting around a dinner table with Monte Kirven meant an evening of entertaining tales. Maybe he’d talk about the time he scaled cliffs to reach peregrine falcon nests in his efforts to conserve the species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or he’d talk about the trips he led to Baja California in Mexico to see gray whales -- including the time he had to patch a car tire using a lighter, tequila and a tooth from a plastic comb.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sometimes he’d talk about his time in the military, or the birding trips he led to Africa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"aligncenter\">\n\u003cdetails>\n\u003csummary>\u003cstrong>Read more about Monte Kirven\u003c/strong>\u003c/summary>\n\u003cp>Whatever his tale, whatever his task, Kirven approached all things with passion and intensity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kirven died in his home in the Mark Springs West neighborhood in Santa Rosa on Oct. 9, when the Tubbs Fire consumed his house. He was 81.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kirven’s love for nature began during his childhood in rural Indiana, where he spent much of his time outdoors. He fished and hunted from a young age. He later turned these passions into his academic focus: He majored in biology at the University of Mississippi, got a master's degree focusing on Caspian and elegant terns at San Diego State University, and later got a Ph.D. in biology from the University of Colorado.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1961, he married Valerie Quate and they had three children, raising them mostly in San Diego. His daughter, Kathleen Groppe, recalls a childhood full of adventure. She says her father always spearheaded wildlife rescue projects -- and used their house as a base camp.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She remembers injured ducks, falcons and other birds. Sometimes the animals would be in the backyard, other times they’d take up residence in the bathtub. The goal was to release them back to the wild, but if that couldn’t happen, Kirven would pass the healed animals off to the San Diego Zoo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Groppe remembers his passion for falcons especially. He worked with them tirelessly and always had one or two of the birds. These experiences sparked Groppe’s own academic pursuits in ecology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11627504\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/IMG_6253-e1509576539433-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11627504\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Monte Kirven with his children and former wife at daughter Kathleen Groppe's 1992 wedding. From left to right: Brian Kirven, Valerie Quate, Kathleen Groppe, Monte Kirven, and Kenneth Kirven.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Notably, Kirven was part of a team of scientists who helped show that the use of insecticide DDT led to the thinning of peregrine falcon eggshells. DDT was subsequently banned in 1972.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, in 1978, there were only 19 known pairs of these falcons in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kirven’s former employer, the Bureau of Land Management, quotes him saying: “Humans brought these birds to near extinction, and we have a moral obligation to bring them back.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To rebuild the population, Kirven and colleagues would take peregrine falcon eggs from nests, and replace them with porcelain fakes. The real eggs were hatched at UC Santa Cruz, and then cautiously returned to their home nests and mothers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Accessing these nests often required scaling steep cliffs, which Kirven did enthusiastically. Through these efforts, the American peregrine falcon was removed from the federal list of endangered and threatened wildlife in 1999.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Through the years, Kirven became increasingly passionate about environmental conservation and efforts to curb climate change. He funneled this energy into teaching undergraduates at Sonoma State University and Santa Rosa Junior College.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s ironic, his daughter Kathleen Groppe notes, that something he worked to combat -- climate change -- could have contributed to his demise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11627500\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Monte-800x1226.jpeg\" alt=\"Monte Kirven displays the trout he caught at the White Tail Ranch in Montana.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1226\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11627500\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Monte Kirven displays the trout he caught at the White Tail Ranch in Montana.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Beyond nature, Kirven had an extraordinary love of people. He’d host dinners after returning from fishing or hunting to share his goods. The evening before his death, he threw a celebratory party for friends and workers who had just finished construction of his new roof.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He made them steaks and turkey with stuffing, and he opened a fancy bottle of wine to share. He went to sleep that night content, having lived another day to its fullest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monte Kirven is survived by daughter Kathleen Groppe of Lancaster, Texas; sons Kenneth Kirven of San Diego and Brian Kirven of Point Reyes Station; sister Marcia Gray of Helena, Montana; ex-wife Valerie Quate of Poway (San Diego County); and grandchildren Patrick Kirven, Caroline Groppe, Andy Arredondo and Chinzia Pinnamonti.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#top\">Return to top\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\u003c/details>\n\u003cp>\u003ca id=\"lewis\">\u003cbr>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Sally Lewis, a Napa Native With a Pioneer Spirit, and Her Caregiver, Teresa Santos\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>A native of the Napa Valley, Sally Lewis died on Oct. 8, when a fire engulfed her Soda Canyon home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lewis lived with a pioneer spirit that fit her surroundings. According to the \u003ca href=\"http://napavalleyregister.com/news/local/families-and-friends-of-napa-s-fire-victims-remember-the/article_2ebb83a4-9bfb-59e9-80d4-e3132bc57cfb.html\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Napa Valley Register\u003c/a>, she was an active fisher and hunter. Lewis raised two daughters by herself after the sudden death of her husband. She took over his school bus business and became one of just two female auto dealers in California at the time, the newspaper reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lewis is survived by two daughters, Windermere Tirados and Dixie Lewis. Tirados told the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfchronicle.com/news/article/California-fire-takes-Sally-Lewis-90-12282443.php\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">San Francisco Chronicle\u003c/a> that her mother was “a down-to-earth person who loved everybody.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Chronicle reports that the Soda Canyon Road home where Lewis died at the age of 90 was constructed by her grandparents in 1920 and had been her home for most of her life. In the last year of her life, Lewis received in-home care from Teresa Santos, a native of the Philippines who lived in Fairfield. She also died in the fire at the age of 50 years old. Her family told the Chronicle they wanted privacy to grieve and little was reported about her life and work, but Tirados called her a \"fantastic\" woman who took good care of her mother.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#top\">Return to top\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003ca id=\"mccombs\">\u003cbr>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Family Mourns the Loss of Veronica McCombs\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11636875\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 123px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11636875\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28559_veronica-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"123\" height=\"180\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Veronica McCombs died in the Tubbs Fire in Santa Rosa. \u003ccite>(San Jose Mercury News/San Mateo County Times )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Veronica McCombs was the oldest of six children, and her siblings say that her imprint on them \"will live on forever.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Veronica-McCombs-67-died-in-Tubbs-Fire-12280409.php#photo-14354955\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">San Francisco Chronicle\u003c/a> reported that McCombs died in her home on Oct. 9 during the Tubbs Fire in Santa Rosa. She was 67 years old. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In her \u003ca href=\"http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/mercurynews/obituary.aspx?pid=187196889\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">obituary\u003c/a>, her siblings write that \"throughout her life, Veronica was always there to listen and help her family, siblings, and others who needed the wisdom and care that she gave unconditionally.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McCombs' family is mourning the loss of what her son, Brandon McCombs, calls the family's \"foundation\" (according to his statement to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Veronica-McCombs-67-died-in-Tubbs-Fire-12280409.php#photo-14354955\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Chronicle\u003c/a>).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"She devoted her life to the love and care of our family and her community,\" Brandon McCombs wrote. \"As a family we are grieving deeply and she will be missed forever.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#top\">Return to top\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003ca id=\"mcreynolds\">\u003cbr>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Carmen Colleen McReynolds: 'Gutsy and Self-Reliant'\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11638311\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/22489832_1425225550925577_6703254919008924703_n-800x800.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11638311\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/22489832_1425225550925577_6703254919008924703_n-800x800.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/22489832_1425225550925577_6703254919008924703_n-160x160.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/22489832_1425225550925577_6703254919008924703_n.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/22489832_1425225550925577_6703254919008924703_n-240x240.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/22489832_1425225550925577_6703254919008924703_n-375x375.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/22489832_1425225550925577_6703254919008924703_n-520x520.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/22489832_1425225550925577_6703254919008924703_n-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/22489832_1425225550925577_6703254919008924703_n-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/22489832_1425225550925577_6703254919008924703_n-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/22489832_1425225550925577_6703254919008924703_n-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/22489832_1425225550925577_6703254919008924703_n-128x128.jpg 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/22489832_1425225550925577_6703254919008924703_n-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Carmen Colleen McReynolds \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Jonathan Gabriel Coke)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When Carmen Colleen McReynolds was born on Jan. 30, 1935, her father, Joseph McKinley, wasn't present. He had to be quarantined after contracting tuberculosis. He wouldn't meet Carmen until she was 9 months old.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"My grandfather is an important part of my aunt's story,\" says Gabriel Coke, McReynolds' nephew. It was her father, according to Coke, who inspired McReynolds to become a doctor. \"My grandfather became a doctor after his own mother died of tuberculosis, and my Aunt Carmen went on to be a doctor because of my grandfather. She looked up to him.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McReynolds graduated from medical school at the University of Colorado in Denver. She worked as an internist for Kaiser until 1995, when she retired and moved to the Fountaingrove area of Santa Rosa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"aligncenter\">\n\u003cdetails>\n\u003csummary>\u003cstrong>Read more about Carmen Colleen McReynolds\u003c/strong>\u003c/summary>\n\u003cp>\"She was very gutsy and self-reliant,\" remembered Coke. \"She liked to have friends that were also independent. She loved to play the guitar and the piano. She was a big Hank Williams fan, she knew how to shoot a rifle, and she rode a motorcycle until she was in her 70s.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McReynolds, 82, was so tough that her family held out hope that, even with her failing health, maybe she had escaped the Tubbs Fire that swept her neighborhood and destroyed her home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But nearly a week after the fire, a search team found McReynolds' remains in her garage, inside her 1973 Mercedes convertible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coke said his aunt was a trailblazer and a dignified woman who valued her independence. She was married for seven years in the 1960s, he said, but later divorced. McReynolds cared a lot for her family, and although he didn't see her often in later years, Coke said she was always a strong presence in their lives. \"She came to my wedding in France,\" Coke said. \"That meant a lot to me because she was very frugal. She spent money on experiences, she wasn't frivolous.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After McReynolds' death. Coke learned that she was deeply committed to charities like the \u003ca href=\"http://www.earlebaum.org/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Earle Baum Center\u003c/a> for the blind. \"There's still so much I'm learning about her extraordinary life.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#top\">Return to top\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\u003c/details>\n\u003cp>\u003ca id=\"paiz\">\u003cbr>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Firefighting 'Was His Passion': Garrett Angel Paiz\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11627393\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 720px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11627393\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Paiz3-e1510697723437.jpg\" alt=\"Garrett Angel Paiz, a volunteer firefighter from Noel, Missouri, was killed on Oct. 16, 2017, when his water truck crashed in Napa County as he helped fight the Northern California fires.\" width=\"720\" height=\"628\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Paiz3-e1510697723437.jpg 720w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Paiz3-e1510697723437-160x140.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Paiz3-e1510697723437-240x209.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Paiz3-e1510697723437-375x327.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Paiz3-e1510697723437-520x454.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Garrett Angel Paiz, a volunteer firefighter from Noel, Missouri, was killed on Oct. 16 when his water truck crashed in Napa County as he helped fight the Northern California fires. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Cinthia Ann-Marie Paiz)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>From the time he was a boy, there were two things Garrett Angel Paiz wanted to be when he grew up: a cowboy and a firefighter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before his death on Oct. 16, while helping to battle the Northern California fires in Napa County, Paiz, 38, had fulfilled those dreams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A cowboy he became by working several ranches across the United States, herding cattle, branding and roping,\" said his big sister, Cinthia Ann-Marie Paiz of Palm Springs. \"Anything a cowboy did, Garrett did. He was also a trail supervisor in Mammoth.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"aligncenter\">\n\u003cdetails>\n\u003csummary>\u003cstrong>Read more about Garrett Angel Paiz\u003c/strong>\u003c/summary>\n\u003cp>Paiz served as a volunteer firefighter in Noel, Missouri, too, and was assisting with fires in Washington state when he was called to help fight the Northern California blazes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11627396\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11627396\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Paiz2.jpg\" alt=\"Garrett Angel Paiz traveled throughout the country helping to fight wildfires. \" width=\"400\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Paiz2.jpg 720w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Paiz2-160x213.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Paiz2-240x320.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Paiz2-375x500.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Paiz2-520x693.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Garrett Angel Paiz traveled throughout the country helping to fight wildfires. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Cinthia Ann-Marie Paiz)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"He loved to help and did whatever was needed,\" his sister said. \"Firefighting was not a job. It was his passion. Serving others was his passion.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Early on Oct. 16, Paiz was driving a tanker truck designed to bring water to the scene of the fire when the rig crashed on the Oakville Grade in Napa County. His truck went down an embankment, turning over and landing on its roof. Authorities aren't certain what caused the accident but say fatigue might have been a factor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paiz was born in Indio, California, and raised in the town of Mecca. He came from a large family that loved to spend time together and play pranks on one another.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I will always remember my baby brother as the funny kid who was always up to something,\" said Cinthia Paiz. \"You just never knew what he would get into next.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paiz graduated from Coachella Valley High School and studied agriculture at College of the Desert in Palm Desert. He came from a long line of men and women who served as first responders and in the armed forces, said his brother, Carlos Paiz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11627395\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11627395 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Paiz1-e1510955224717-1020x1388.jpg\" alt=\"Garrett Angel Paiz fulfilled his dream of being cowboy at a young age.\" width=\"640\" height=\"871\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Paiz1-e1510955224717-1020x1388.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Paiz1-e1510955224717-160x218.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Paiz1-e1510955224717-800x1088.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Paiz1-e1510955224717-1180x1605.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Paiz1-e1510955224717-960x1306.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Paiz1-e1510955224717-240x327.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Paiz1-e1510955224717-375x510.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Paiz1-e1510955224717-520x707.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Paiz1-e1510955224717.jpg 1811w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Garrett Angel Paiz fulfilled his dream of being cowboy at a young age. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Cinthia Ann-Marie Paiz)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"We believe that helping others is paramount in life. Standing up for others is just what you do,\" he said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paiz is survived by his wife, Bobbie Paiz of Noel, Missouri; parents, Judi and Armando Paiz of Coachella; sister, Cinthia Paiz; brother, Carlos Paiz of Coachella; and a daughter, Terri Ann Paiz of Tehachapi.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carlos Paiz said there were three things he wanted people to do to honor his brother: \"Love your family, follow your dreams and serve your community.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/details>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#top\">Return to top\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003ca id=\"picciano\">\u003cbr>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Sandra Picciano, Cascade Fire Victim, Loved Animals and Always Helped Her Neighbors\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Those who lived near Sandra Picciano in the Yuba County hamlet of Loma Rica remember her as a compassionate woman who always lent a helping hand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"She helped out with neighbors, taking them to doctor appointments and checking on them when they were sick,\" said Nadine Webb, Picciano's neighbor of 17 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the \u003ca href=\"http://m.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Neighborly-woman-dies-in-Cascade-Fire-trying-to-12335627.php#photo-14357930\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">San Francisco Chronicle\u003c/a>, Picciano was 77 years old and had no living relatives. She did have several horses, which she cared for through their old age.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the Cascade Fire started to blaze, Picciano was quick to leave her home. Authorities said she was killed when she crashed into a tree along the road. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another Loma Rica neighbor, John Billingsley, told \u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/news/state/california/fires/article178046466.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Sacramento Bee\u003c/a> that the smoke from the fire that night was so thick \"you could just see a little bit in front of your hood.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#top\">Return to top\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003ca id=\"powell\">\u003cbr>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Lynne Anderson Powell Thrived on Music, Quilting and Her Dogs\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/20861810_111117646276007_5886828533173973108_o.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/20861810_111117646276007_5886828533173973108_o-800x800.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-11633685\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lynne Anderson Powell woke up every morning at 5 a.m, no matter what. Her border collies, four of them total, needed to go hiking. So she and her husband, George, would take them for a walk in the hills of northeast Santa Rosa, near their home on Blue Ridge Trail, right up to the day before the fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lynne and George were married for 33 years. They met at a holiday party thrown by someone at El Camino Community College in Southern California, where her mother, artist Jean Jenkins, taught. George was a staff photographer there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"aligncenter\">\n\u003cdetails>\n\u003csummary>\u003cstrong>Read more about Lynne Anderson Powell\u003c/strong>\u003c/summary>\n\u003cp>George said they had an instant connection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was just incredible,” he said. They married just weeks after meeting, over Presidents Day weekend in 1984.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lynne played the flute throughout her life, starting at age 7. She majored in flute performance and music education at Carnegie Tech (later renamed Carnegie Mellon) in Pittsburgh. She was a roommate with lifelong friend Joan Sextro, and they took part in each other’s weddings. Sextro said she always admired Lynne’s strength, honesty and kindness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Lynne was a very upfront person,” said Sextro. “You know where you stand with her, yet she was a very kind, warm person.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When she and George met and fell in love, Lynne was first chair flute in the New Mexico Symphony Orchestra. George joined her in Albuquerque so that she could continue to play. After 17 years in the symphony, Lynne began working an office job at Sandia National Laboratories, also in Albuquerque.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The couple retired to Eugene, Oregon, but soon moved to Northern California to be closer to Lynne’s aging parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lynne was devoted to her dogs and trained them for agility trials. She was also an avid quilter, a hobby well-suited to her meticulous and intelligent nature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She was the most brilliant person on the planet — there was nothing she couldn’t figure out,” said George.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the past year and a half, Lynne had been undergoing intensive treatment for salivary gland cancer. Even though the chemotherapy and radiation took a heavy toll, George remembers her strong determination in the face of discomfort. “She was my rock. She took care of me, no matter how much pain she was in.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sextro said Lynne was just beginning to get back to normal life, after her cancer treatments, making her death “a double sadness.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the night of the fire, the couple woke to smoke and the red glow of the Tubbs Fire sweeping toward their house. George told Lynne to leave with her dog, who slept next to her. He would follow in another car with his three dogs. They planned an escape route, but Lynne did not make it to their meeting place. Apparently blinded by smoke and flames, she drove off the road and crashed down a ravine. Her car and body, along with the body of her dog, were found days later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If he had known Lynne was down in the ravine, George would have tried to find her and would have been satisfied to die next to her, he said. The fire destroyed their home, her quilting studio and George’s photography collection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>George said he’d like people to know “how loving and kind she was.” When a new person moved into the neighborhood, he said, “she’d be the first person to welcome them and ask what she could do for them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lynne was 72 when she died. George remembers her as being the best spouse he could have hoped for. “She’s still with me,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#top\">Return to top\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\u003c/details>\n\u003cp>\u003ca id=\"ress\">\u003cbr>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>A Box of Chocolates and an Infectious Smile: The Big Heart of Marilyn Ress\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Once a week, Marilyn Ress would board a city bus from her home at Journey’s End Mobile Home Park and ride 35 minutes to the Montgomery Village Shopping Center on the east side of Santa Rosa. From there, Ress would walk into See’s Candies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She would easily buy $100 worth of peanut brittle, chocolate and gift cards,” said manager Susan Murphy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the gift cards and candies were not for herself. Ress bought them as gifts for others. One box of chocolates would go to the bus drivers who took her around town. One would go to her doctor’s office. Another would end up with a neighbor who was having a bad day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She would even give chocolates to the landscapers,” said her best friend, Cynthia Conners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ress died in the Tubbs Fire. She was 71.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"aligncenter\">\n\u003cdetails>\n\u003csummary>\u003cstrong>Read more about Marilyn Ress\u003c/strong>\u003c/summary>\n\u003cp>Conners said Ress was the epitome of selflessness. “I never saw her do anything for herself, not even go to the salon.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ress was known to pay for strangers' groceries and cups of coffee. Once, on a trip to Fisherman’s Wharf in San Francisco with Conners, Ress paid for several drivers’ tolls on the Golden Gate Bridge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She handed the toll booth clerk a $50 bill and said, 'Pay for all the cars behind us that this covers,' ” Conners said. “She lived and breathed ‘pay it forward.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Conners and Ress met in the late 1970s, when they both worked at Santa Rosa’s Creekside Hospital. Ress was a certified nursing assistant and Conners was the activities director. Conners said Ress had a goofy sense of humor and an infectious smile.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ress grew up in the Sonoma County town of Penngrove and attended Petaluma High School. She led a simple life with her two cats at Journey’s End. Conners would sometimes take her on rides through the Sonoma County countryside or to the coast. They would go to Fosters Freeze, where Ress would order her favorite meal: a chili cheeseburger, fries and a vanilla malt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ress spent holidays with Conners. A more recent tradition involved hours of holiday cooking in Conners’ small apartment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She’d get a list of people that had nowhere to go on Thanksgiving and then show up at my house and tell me I was cooking dinner,” Conners said. “I didn’t have a choice. I had to make fresh cranberries, stuffing, turkey, I mean the whole nine yards.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ress would then deliver foil-wrapped meals, two plates at a time, to her neighbors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Conners and Ress talked over the phone at least once a week. So when she didn’t hear from Ress the week of the fires, she knew something was wrong. But Conners believes Ress is at peace now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just have a funny feeling that she would be happy in heaven,” Conners said. “I can just see her smiling and dancing.”\u003c/p>\u003c/details>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#top\">Return to top\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003ca id=\"rippey\">\u003cbr>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>‘Together All the Time': Sara and Charles Rippey\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11637438\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1200px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Sara-and-Charles-Rippey.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Sara-and-Charles-Rippey.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1200\" height=\"1075\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11637438\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Sara-and-Charles-Rippey.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Sara-and-Charles-Rippey-160x143.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Sara-and-Charles-Rippey-800x717.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Sara-and-Charles-Rippey-1020x914.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Sara-and-Charles-Rippey-1180x1057.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Sara-and-Charles-Rippey-960x860.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Sara-and-Charles-Rippey-240x215.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Sara-and-Charles-Rippey-375x336.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Sara-and-Charles-Rippey-520x466.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sara and Charles Rippey in 1946. \u003ccite>(submitted photo via Napa Valley Register)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Charles Rippey -- nicknamed “Peach” as a child for his fuzzy cheeks -- and his wife, Sara Rippey, celebrated their 75th wedding anniversary in March. Four months later, Charles celebrated his 100th birthday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just three months after that, he died, apparently trying to reach his wife as flames engulfed their home in Napa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My father certainly wouldn’t have left her,” his son, Mike Rippey, told the Associated Press. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"aligncenter\">\n\u003cdetails>\n\u003csummary>\u003cstrong>Read more about Sara and Charles Rippey\u003c/strong>\u003c/summary>\n\u003cp>Charles Rippey grew up in Hartford, Wisconsin, where he met Sara in grade school. According to the \u003ca href=\"http://napavalleyregister.com/news/local/families-and-friends-of-napa-s-fire-victims-remember-the/article_2ebb83a4-9bfb-59e9-80d4-e3132bc57cfb.html\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Napa Valley Register\u003c/a>, the two attended the University of Wisconsin, Madison, together. Charles graduated with a degree in mechanical engineering in 1939.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Register reported the couple married in 1942, just before Charles joined the Army for World War II service in North Africa, France, Italy and Germany. After the war, Charles and Sara Rippey had three daughters and two sons, and Charles went on to work for the Firestone tire company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rippey spent 30 years with Firestone, the Register reports, leading three different divisions and working in Sweden, Argentina and across the Midwest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1978, when most of their adult children moved to California, the elder Rippeys followed, with Charles going to work with Southern California's Norris Industries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Rippeys' children say their parents delighted in each other's company. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Every Sunday night they went dancing,” Mike Rippey told the Register. “They loved to do stuff together; they’d always come home laughing and giggling. Neither ever vacationed alone or went anywhere alone. They were together all the time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That remained true until their final moments, when Charles apparently tried to reach Sara, who had been partially paralyzed since suffering a stroke in 2012.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an interview with the AP, Mike Rippey said his brother discovered their parents’ bodies in the remains of their home in Napa. His father, Rippey said, appeared to be heading to his mother’s room when he was overcome by smoke and flames.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If he’d survived and she was gone, he would be the most miserable person alive,” Mike Rippey said in an interview with the Register. “If you had asked them if they wanted to go out together, they would have said yes.”\u003c/p>\u003c/details>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#top\">Return to top\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003ca id=\"robinson\">\u003cbr>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Loving Mom, Generous Artist: Sharon Robinson\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11627679\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 525px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11627679\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/22448120_10210923817400136_3298257612672619342_n-2-e1510879015873.jpg\" alt=\"Sharon Rae Robinson, 79, of Santa Rosa.\" width=\"525\" height=\"538\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sharon Rae Robinson, 79, of Santa Rosa. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Cathie Merkel)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Sharon Robinson, a 79-year-old artist and antiques collector, died in when the Tubbs Fire engulfed her Santa Rosa neighborhood. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the immediate aftermath of the fires, Robinson's daughter, Cathie Merkel, searched for her mom. She posted recent photos of her on Facebook, along with a photo of the lot where Robinson's home had been reduced to ashes. Robinson’s car remained in what was left of the garage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After days of searching, Merkel posted a message on her \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/cathie.merkel?fref=search\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Facebook page\u003c/a> to let loved ones know Robinson had not survived:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“To my dear friends, thank you all for your efforts in trying to find my mom. We received the news today that she did not make it out of her home the night of the fire. During the next few days I won’t be returning any messages as we deal with the effects of this tragedy. We know she found peace in her passing. Thank you for understanding, stay safe.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11627678\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11627678\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/22339056_10210918337023130_7427437482030700905_o-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Nothing was left but the car and ashes after the Tubbs Fire engulfed Sharon Robinson's home.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/22339056_10210918337023130_7427437482030700905_o-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/22339056_10210918337023130_7427437482030700905_o-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/22339056_10210918337023130_7427437482030700905_o-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/22339056_10210918337023130_7427437482030700905_o-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/22339056_10210918337023130_7427437482030700905_o-960x540.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/22339056_10210918337023130_7427437482030700905_o-240x135.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/22339056_10210918337023130_7427437482030700905_o-375x211.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/22339056_10210918337023130_7427437482030700905_o-520x293.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/22339056_10210918337023130_7427437482030700905_o.jpg 1440w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nothing was left but the car and ashes after the Tubbs Fire engulfed Sharon Robinson's home. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Cathie Merkel)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Merkel told \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/2017/10/11/hundreds-missing-in-wine-country-fires-here-are-some-of-their-stories/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the San Jose Mercury News\u003c/a> that she visited her mother shortly before the fire with her daughter, who suffers from terminal brain cancer. “It was a very happy visit, very friendly.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She was really a warm and lovely woman, absolutely,” Jeri Sprague, a former neighbor of Robinson who knew her for decades, told the\u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/California-wildfires-Sharon-Robinson-79-named-12280042.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> San Francisco Chronicle\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#top\">Return to top\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003ca id=\"rogers\">\u003cbr>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Lee Chadwick Rogers, 72\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Lee Chadwick Rogers, 72, died in her Sonoma County home on Cavedale Road as the Nuns Fire burned near the town of Glen Ellen. She lived east of Highway 12 near Mountain Terraces Winery and Vineyard. \u003ca id=\"schwartz\">\u003cbr>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Marnie Schwartz Devoted Herself to Activism and Teaching\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11636960\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Marnie.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Marnie-800x800.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11636960\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Marnie-800x800.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Marnie-160x160.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Marnie-240x240.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Marnie-375x375.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Marnie-520x520.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Marnie-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Marnie-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Marnie-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Marnie-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Marnie-128x128.jpg 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Marnie-150x150.jpg 150w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Marnie.jpg 920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Marnie Schwartz passed away in the Tubbs Fire. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the San Francisco Chronicle)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Marjorie Schwartz was her real name, but everyone called her Marnie.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And everyone remembers that she called them \"sweetie.\" Denise Harrison, a friend of Schwartz, told the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Marjorie-Schwartz-teacher-killed-in-Tubbs-Fire-12367366.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">San Francisco Chronicle\u003c/a>, \"I don't ever remember her calling me 'Denise.' I remember her calling me 'sweetie.' I can hear it in my head now: 'Hi, sweetie.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"aligncenter\">\n\u003cdetails>\n\u003csummary>\u003cstrong>Read more about Marjorie Schwartz\u003c/strong>\u003c/summary>\n\u003cp>Schwartz, 68, died in the Tubbs Fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schwartz' spirit will live on in the memories of those she taught, which spanned students in Walnut Creek, San Rafael, Santa Rosa and English-language learners, according to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.pressdemocrat.com/news/7578851-181/family-former-santa-rosa-teacher?sba=AAS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Santa Rosa Press Democrat\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She was also active in her religious community, serving as president of the Congregation Shomrei Torah in Santa Rosa at one point, according to the Chronicle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rabbi George Gittleman told the paper that Schwartz loved to study and discuss Jewish texts of all kinds, and she was very literate, well-read and well-educated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#top\">Return to top\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\u003c/details>\n\u003cp>\u003ca id=\"shepherd\">\u003cbr>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Touch Football and a Middle School Crush: After the Fire, 8th-Graders Remember Classmate Kai Shepherd\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/KaiMain.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/KaiMain-800x647.jpg\" alt=\"Kai Logan Shepherd, 14, was the youngest person to die in the Northern California Wildfires in October.\" width=\"800\" height=\"647\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11629618\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/KaiMain-800x647.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/KaiMain-160x129.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/KaiMain-1020x825.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/KaiMain.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/KaiMain-1180x954.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/KaiMain-960x777.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/KaiMain-240x194.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/KaiMain-375x303.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/KaiMain-520x421.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kai Logan Shepherd, 14, was the youngest person to die in the October wildfires. But in the weeks after the tragedy, he was still a presence among his classmates at Redwood Valley's Eagle Peak Middle School.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eagle Peak's Spirit Week, which features a different dress-up theme every day, was delayed by three weeks after the fire that devastated the Mendocino County community and killed nine people, including Kai's 17-year-old sister, \u003ca href=\"#kressa\">Kressa\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eagle Peak Principal Dan Stearns, shuffling down a school hallway on wear-your-pajamas-to-school day in slippers and a plaid bathrobe, says he remembers Kai as a kid \"constantly running from group to group, interacting, laughing, joking around.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"aligncenter\">\n\u003cdetails>\n\u003csummary>\u003cstrong>Read more about Kai Shepherd\u003c/strong>\u003c/summary>\n\u003cp>Stearns stops at a classroom on the second floor where a group of eighth-grade students are hunched over their laptops, scrolling through photos: Kai at the beach, Kai playing baseball, Kai goofing around with his friends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>School was closed for a week after the fire, but the first day back, students asked their digital media teacher if they could make a dedication page for Kai in the yearbook.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They've been working nonstop on it since then,\" says Elizabeth DeVinny, who taught Kai in her honors English class last year. \"They've been gathering photos and even asking if they could have extra space, because they have so much that their classmates want to say and their teachers want to say.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11629210\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/IMG_3030-e1510177623777.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/IMG_3030-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11629210\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Janeane Higdon (left) and Joshua Harding work on the yearbook dedication page for Kai. \u003ccite>(April Dembosky)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Kai loved sports. One of his best friends, Brenton Wheeler, took a video of Kai competing in a wrestling match last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"After he was done wrestling ... he kinda ... he smiled. Even though he lost, he smiled, and, kept his chin up,\" Brenton remembers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Winning or losing, he always walked off the mat with a smile, says Shane Stearns, another of Kai's friends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The three boys played touch football every morning on the blacktop at school, he says. Kai was the quarterback.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He would get frustrated easily, but ...,\" Brenton says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He'd always be laughing when he was arguing, though,\" Shane finishes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11629205\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Brenton-and-Shane-e1510177341493.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Brenton-and-Shane-1020x765.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" class=\"size-large wp-image-11629205\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Shane Stearns, foreground, and Brenton Wheeler, friends of Kai's, edit photos of Kai they plan to use in the yearbook. \u003ccite>(April Dembosky)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Kai had other dimensions, and Janeane Higdon, 13, wants to show the side of him that she knew in the yearbook.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"On the outside, I know he was very athletic. But on Instagram, he’d just act like a totally different person. He would talk about nerd stuff like Magic and video games,\" she says. \"Deep down inside, I think he was a nerd.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For their celebration of Dia de los Muertos, or Day of the Dead, students put together an altar for Kai. It has a baseball and football on it. And a box of Kai's favorite cereal: Golden Grahams. Janeane draped a special necklace over the box.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11629206\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/IMG_3051-1.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/IMG_3051-1-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11629206\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/IMG_3051-1-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/IMG_3051-1-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/IMG_3051-1-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/IMG_3051-1-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/IMG_3051-1-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/IMG_3051-1-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/IMG_3051-1-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/IMG_3051-1-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/IMG_3051-1-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Students at Eagle Peak Middle School built an altar in Kai's memory for Day of the Dead. \u003ccite>(April Dembosky)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"We had matching shark-tooth necklaces from Six Flags,\" she says, the kind that are sold in pairs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Janeane kept one, and gave the other one to Kai.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I had a crush on Kai last year,\" she says. \"So I brought him back a necklace. And he wore it, I think, twice. And then he put it on his shelf, I’m pretty sure he told me. So I had one of his best friends deliver it to him, 'cause I was kind of scared to.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They started messaging over Instagram. Janeane wrote poems about him in her honors English class, including an ode to Kai’s blue eyes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Because your eyes are as blue as the sky,\u003cbr>\nthey make me get butterflies.\u003cbr>\nBecause your eyes are as blue as the sky,\u003cbr>\naround you they make me feel shy.\u003cbr>\nBecause your eyes are as blue as the sky,\u003cbr>\nthey make me feel high.\u003cbr>\nBecause your eyes are as blue as the sky,\u003cbr>\nthey make me love the plain dull sky\u003cbr>\nBecause your eyes are as blue as the sky,\u003cbr>\nthoughts of you preoccupy my mind\u003cbr>\nBecause your eyes are as blue as the sky,\u003cbr>\nthey’re prettier than a dragon’s eye….\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11629207\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/IMG_3041.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/IMG_3041-1020x765.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"480\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-large wp-image-11629207\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/IMG_3041-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/IMG_3041-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/IMG_3041-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/IMG_3041-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/IMG_3041-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/IMG_3041-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/IMG_3041-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/IMG_3041-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/IMG_3041-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 100vw, 480px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Janeane Higdon looks at a selfie she took during Spirit Week last year. She is in the front with red hair. Kai is in the back row on the left. \u003ccite>(April Dembosky)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Janeane gave a couple of her poems to Kai, and he told her he liked them because they reminded him of rap music. She was never really sure, though, what Kai thought about her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Brenton and Shane did.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I remember Kai kinda liked Janeane, too, at one point,\" Shane says. \"I remember him talking about that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Kai would say, 'It's kinda nice knowing that Janeane likes me,' \" Brenton says. \"And how he kinda liked her back.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Janeane didn’t know this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It kinda makes me sad now. Because we could have gotten closer,\" she says. \"And now that he's dead, I know that we won't be able to replay that.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/details>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#top\">Return to top\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003ca id=\"kressa\">\u003cbr>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Ukiah High School Students Mourn the Death of Kressa Shepherd and Celebrate Homecoming in the Same Week\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11629956\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Kressa-self-portrait-e1510283178339.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Kressa-self-portrait-1020x1275.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"800\" class=\"size-large wp-image-11629956\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kressa Shepherd took this self-portrait in a photography class at Ukiah High School. \u003ccite>(Kressa Shepherd)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Homecoming is not a day at Ukiah High School; it's a weeklong series of events. After a wildfire tore through Redwood Valley in October, the school district postponed the football game and festivities to give the town some time to recover.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three weeks later, the night before the rescheduled events were about to start, high school junior Kressa Shepherd died in the hospital. She was 17.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The mood is definitely complicated and complex,” said Gordon Oslund, the school principal, as he watched students milling in the courtyard. “It’s people trying to figure out, how do you deal with a community tragedy and then carry on and have a community celebration all at the same time?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kressa and her parents were found in the road near their home the night of the fire and flown to hospitals for treatment of severe burns. Kressa’s \u003ca href=\"#shepherd\">younger brother, Kai,\u003c/a> 14, died before help arrived. Both of Kressa’s legs were amputated in the hospital, and she suffered cardiac arrest and multiple infections before she also died.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"aligncenter\">\n\u003cdetails>\n\u003csummary>\u003cstrong>Read more about Kressa Shepherd\u003c/strong>\u003c/summary>\n\u003cp>On the morning of the big football game, Nov. 3, students packed the bleachers in the gym for a homecoming rally, one of several held throughout the week. The juniors wore all shades of pink, their class color. Hanging on the wall above them, gold balloons shimmered in the fluorescent light, spelling out K-R-E-S-S-A and K-A-I.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11629957\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Ukiah-Homecoming-Rally-e1510283499991.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Ukiah-Homecoming-Rally-e1510283499991-1020x765.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" class=\"size-large wp-image-11629957\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Ukiah-Homecoming-Rally-e1510283499991-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Ukiah-Homecoming-Rally-e1510283499991-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Ukiah-Homecoming-Rally-e1510283499991-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Ukiah-Homecoming-Rally-e1510283499991.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Ukiah-Homecoming-Rally-e1510283499991-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Ukiah-Homecoming-Rally-e1510283499991-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Ukiah-Homecoming-Rally-e1510283499991-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Ukiah-Homecoming-Rally-e1510283499991-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Ukiah-Homecoming-Rally-e1510283499991-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Juniors cheer at a homecoming rally at Ukiah High School. \u003ccite>(April Dembosky)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For some of Kressa’s friends, the ones who made it to school that week, the whole scene was just weird.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was just like, ‘Wow, like how can you be happy right now?’ ” said Sasha Wilkins, a sophomore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The class period right before, she had been to a grief circle for Kressa’s friends and classmates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was weird being in a group of everyone having such strong emotions, of being sad and down. And then going to another group of people who's so excited and so happy,” Wilkins said. “But then I realized not everyone's thinking about that all the time, but that's OK.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before Ukiah high, Kressa went to a Waldorf school. From fourth grade through eighth, she was in the same class with the same teacher and the same 23 kids. The high school counselors gathered them, and the class of sophomores below hers, to talk and share memories of Kressa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wilkins remembered feeling intimidated last year about becoming a sophomore. She was confiding in her friends about it when Kressa walked by.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She overheard that and came up to me later and we just sat down and talked about it, and she comforted me,” she said. “She was like, ‘Yeah I was really nervous as well, but it's going to be OK and it's not as hard as you think it is.’ It was a wonderful moment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11629958\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Voltaire-person-of-the-year-e1510283675349.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Voltaire-person-of-the-year-1020x765.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"320\" height=\"240\" class=\"size-large wp-image-11629958\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kressa turned in this homework assignment to her history teacher last year. \u003ccite>(April Dembosky)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Kressa’s teachers embodied the mixed emotions of the week. Some cried openly in front of their classrooms, then dressed up days later in purple and gold for homecoming. Across the board, they remember Kressa as a star student who kept a 4.0 GPA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She’s the rock in the classroom,” said Meagan Davis, her English teacher. “To have at least one student in the class be there for you. You look up and you see them fully enveloped in what you're teaching – she was that student in my class.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A peacemaker, is how Liz Johnson, Kressa's U.S. history teacher, described her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She had a lot of compassion for multiple points of view,” Johnson said. “She had a deeper understanding of the world around her.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11629959\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Kressa-drawing-e1510283824939.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Kressa-drawing-e1510283804287-1020x1360.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"320\" height=\"426\" class=\"size-large wp-image-11629959\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kressa was working on a series of illustrations when she died. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Gordon Oslund)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And she was a natural-born artist, according to her art teacher, Rose Easterbrook.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She wanted to be an illustrator someday, and she truly could have done that,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kressa had been working on a series of drawings of a young girl with blond hair frolicking in a meadow. She carried them everywhere with her. For her photography class, she took a similar picture of her cousin picking flowers, and photo-shopped fairy wings into it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That was her: innocent and sincere,” said Lech Slocinski, her photography teacher, as he hung a collection of Kressa’s black-and-white prints in the school lobby. “There was nothing fake about her. Everything was just real. And kind. And it shows in her pictures.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11629960\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Kressa-cousin-e1510283977514.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Kressa-cousin-1020x680.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"320\" height=\"213\" class=\"size-large wp-image-11629960\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kressa took this picture of her cousin for her photography class in high school. \u003ccite>(Kressa Shepherd)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Her work often portrayed a calm world, he said, removed from madness and conflict.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that was the kind of scene the school tried to recreate in her memory the night of the homecoming game.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This evening, we pay tribute to the lives of Ukiah High School junior, Kressa Shepherd, and her brother, Kai Logan Shepherd,” principal Gordon Oslund said to the crowd, asking them to join him in a moment of silence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before the marching band came on, before the football players took the field, and before screaming erupted in the stands, more than a thousand people stood up and went completely quiet.\u003c/p>\u003c/details>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#top\">Return to top\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003ca id=\"southard\">\u003cbr>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Even at 71, Daniel Martin Southard Hadn't Lost His Love of Football\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11637203\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 458px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28572_DanSouthard-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28572_DanSouthard-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"458\" height=\"500\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11637203\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28572_DanSouthard-qut.jpg 458w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28572_DanSouthard-qut-160x175.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28572_DanSouthard-qut-240x262.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28572_DanSouthard-qut-375x409.jpg 375w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 458px) 100vw, 458px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Daniel Southard was 71 when he died in the Tubbs Fire. \u003ccite>(Courtesy The Press Democrat)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Daniel Martin Southard, 71, one of those who died in the Tubbs Fire in Santa Rosa, was known for his love of football. According to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/pressdemocrat/obituary.aspx?pid=187361346\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Santa Rosa Press Democrat\u003c/a>, when he graduated Southern California's Crescenta Valley High School in 1964, he received special awards in athletics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That love of sports athleticism and love of the sport never left him. The\u003ca href=\"http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/pressdemocrat/obituary.aspx?pid=187361346\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Press Democrat \u003c/a>reports that he went on to become a personal trainer and eventually bought a Gold's Gym in Santa Rosa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Daniel Southard's son Derek told the \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/2017/10/11/hundreds-missing-in-wine-country-fires-here-are-some-of-their-stories/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mercury News in San Jose\u003c/a> that his father \"was just a very loving guy. He was very sweet and very kind.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#top\">Return to top\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003ca id=\"stelter\">\u003cbr>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Steve Stelter 'Would Find the Funny in It'\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11627298\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 693px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11627298 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Dad-and-Janet.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"693\" height=\"539\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Steve Stelter and Janet Costanzo were longtime partners and lived together in the Mendocino County community of Redwood Valley. Both died in the fire that swept the area early the morning of Oct. 9.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A photograph of Steve Stelter shows him wearing a shirt of \"Beavis and Butt-Head,\" who are themselves wearing \"Ren & Stimpy\" costumes. It helps to be familiar with the crude hilarity of these shows to better understand what Stelter’s daughter, Reeah Winkle, means when she says her dad was playful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But along with his love of irreverent, fart-joke humor was his witty, softer side, she said. “If there was a hard situation, he would find the funny in it,” said Winkle, who gave him the shirt as a birthday present. “You could laugh with him even when you were having a hard time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"aligncenter\">\n\u003cdetails>\n\u003csummary>\u003cstrong>Read more about Steve Stelter\u003c/strong>\u003c/summary>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11627297\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11627297\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Aunt-Shelia-Dad-Mac-and-Me.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"458\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Steve Stelter (center) loved being a grandfather. He poses with daughter, Reeah Winkle, left, and sister, Shelia Garoni, right, while holding Winkle's son, Mac. Stelter died on Oct. 8 in Redwood Valley.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Winkle laughs thinking about memories she has of her dad: trips to the movies or the flea market or an amusement park. Winkle said that even though she didn’t live with her dad, he was very present.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He was the kind of person that if you needed anything, he was there to help you any way he could,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stelter helped neighbors clear iced-over driveways on cold winter days. He helped family with plumbing problems or with cars that needed fixing (his specialty). He was a handyman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He would be right over to fix it,” said Winkle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stelter drove trucks for a number of companies, but it was at Pacific Bell that he met his longtime partner, Janet Costanzo, who also died in the fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pair lived on a large parcel where they’d take their dogs for walks and where Steve could shoot his guns and work on cars, Winkle said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11627301\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11627301 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Dad-1-800x1065.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"1065\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A young Steve Stelter poses for the camera.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Steve’s brother, Doug Stelter, eventually moved into a trailer on their property. The three of them would eat dinner together most nights: more meat and fewer vegetables, said Doug Stelter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’d all sit around and watch TV,\" he said. \"They liked '[American] Pickers.' \" And \"Deadliest Catch\" was also a favorite.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Steve loved the holidays, too. Winkle remembers fireworks on the Fourth of July, trick-or-treating on Halloween and how her father loved being around family for Thanksgiving and Christmas. But more than anything, he loved being a grandpa to his two grandchildren, Winkle said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He’d be down on the ground playing with them,” she said. “He was that kind of grandfather.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Steve Stelter, 56, is survived by his brother Doug, his daughter Reeah Winkle, and his grandchildren, Mac and Sunny Mortensen.\u003c/p>\u003c/details>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#top\">Return to top\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003ca id=\"stephenson\">\u003cbr>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Margaret Stephenson Spread Joy With Huge Heart and Love of Parties\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11638786\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Stephenson-qut-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11638786\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Stephenson-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Stephenson-qut-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Stephenson-qut-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Stephenson-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Stephenson-qut-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Stephenson-qut-960x540.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Stephenson-qut-240x135.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Stephenson-qut-375x211.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Stephenson-qut-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Margaret Stephenson, left, celebrated her 86th birthday in March with friend Drew Wallace. (Courtesy of Mandi Hamilton)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Margaret Stephenson, 86, was a vibrant and tenacious British transplant to Mendocino County's Redwood Valley who lived alone on 2 rural acres, loved animals and never shied away from a good party.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She was very proud of her British heritage and a person that loved to celebrate festivities,” said Mendocino County Sheriff Tom Allman, who received Halloween and Christmas cards from her every year. “I can’t imagine ever not having fun if Margaret was at an event.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stephenson was the last victim found after the fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"aligncenter\">\n\u003cdetails>\n\u003csummary>\u003cstrong>Read more about Margaret Stephenson\u003c/strong>\u003c/summary>\n\u003cp>Stephenson moved to Mendocino County in the 1970s with her husband, Raymond, who took a job as a manager at Mendo Mill & Lumber Co.. She briefly worked as a schoolteacher but devoted most of her life to helping her husband and maintaining their land. The couple were married roughly 60 years. They had no children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She and her husband came over with nothing, essentially,” said Mandi Hamilton, who became Margaret’s insurance agent and close friend after her husband died in 2015. “They worked hard, joined clubs and became an integral part of community.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She spoke so openly of her husband, Raymond, and how much she loved him,” Hamilton added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Soon after she met Stephenson, Hamilton said, the two of them hit it off and began calling each other every morning. About six months before the fire, Stephenson was diagnosed with cancer, but was responding well to treatment and remained very independent. Last summer, Hamilton taught her how to drive her husband's truck, which she had previously refused to touch. And to boost her spirits, Hamilton also recently gave her a cat, which she instantly fell in love with.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#top\">Return to top\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\u003c/details>\n\u003cp>\u003ca id=\"thomas\">\u003cbr>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Tamara Latrice Thomas, a San Francisco Native Who Perished in Assisted-Care Home\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Tamara Latrice Thomas, 47, was a native of San Francisco who split her time between her hometown and a board-and-care facility in the Coffey Park neighborhood of Santa Rosa, one of the areas ravaged by the Tubbs Fire early Oct. 9. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.pressdemocrat.com/news/7593757-181/pge-sued-in-santa-rosa?artslide=1\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Santa Rosa Press Democrat reported\u003c/a> Thomas, who was paralyzed, died after being unable to get out of her second-floor bedroom at the Crestview Court Residential Care Home. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED was unable to reach Thomas's family members for comment, but the Press Democrat reported her brother is suing PG&E for wrongful death, alleging the utility failed to maintain power lines that could have sparked the wind-whipped fire. The case was filed in Sonoma County Superior Court and seeks unspecified damages for pain and suffering. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#top\">Return to top\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003ca id=\"tunis\">\u003cbr>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Linda Tunis Was Close to Her Daughter Until the End\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In January 2017, Linda Tunis moved from Florida to Santa Rosa to be closer to her daughter, Jessica.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their time together in California was cut short. According to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Tubbs-Fire-claims-life-of-Linda-Tunis-a-recent-12271331.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">San Francisco Chronicle\u003c/a>, Linda Tunis called her daughter early the morning of Oct. 9 as the Tubbs Fire began burning her mobile home. “I was telling her I love her when the phone died,\" Jessica Tunis said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to an obituary published in \u003ca href=\"http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/bostonglobe/obituary.aspx?pid=187042018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Boston Globe\u003c/a>, Tunis loved going to the beach, playing bingo, traveling and going to the theater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#top\">Return to top\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/div>\u003c/div>\u003c/div>\u003c/div>\u003c/div>\u003c/div>\u003c/div>\u003c/div>\u003c/div>\u003c/div>\u003c/div>\u003c/div>\u003c/div>\u003c/div>\u003c/div>\u003c/div>\u003c/div>\u003c/div>\u003c/div>\u003c/div>\u003c/div>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"We look back on the tragedy that visited so many communities and remember those who died, the lives they lived and the people they touched. \r\n","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1520300315,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":445,"wordCount":14839},"headData":{"title":"Remembering Those Lost in Northern California's October Fires | KQED","description":"We look back on the tragedy that visited so many communities and remember those who died, the lives they lived and the people they touched. \r\n","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Remembering Those Lost in Northern California's October Fires","datePublished":"2018-02-20T21:18:30.000Z","dateModified":"2018-03-06T01:38:35.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"authorsData":[{"type":"authors","id":"236","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"236","found":true},"name":"KQED News Staff","firstName":"KQED News Staff","lastName":null,"slug":"kqed","email":"faq@kqed.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":null,"avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ef0e801a68c4c54afa9180db14084167?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"arts","roles":["contributor"]},{"site":"news","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"futureofyou","roles":["author"]}],"headData":{"title":"KQED News Staff | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ef0e801a68c4c54afa9180db14084167?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ef0e801a68c4c54afa9180db14084167?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/kqed"}],"imageData":{"ogImageSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28698_fire_memorials_final01-qut-1020x546.jpg","width":1020,"height":546,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twImageSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28698_fire_memorials_final01-qut-1020x546.jpg","width":1020,"height":546,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twitterCard":"summary_large_image"},"tagData":{"tags":["North Bay Fires Information","North Bay wildfires","obituaries","tcr"]}},"disqusIdentifier":"11651196 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11651196","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2018/02/20/remembering-those-lost-in-northern-californias-october-fires/","disqusTitle":"Remembering Those Lost in Northern California's October Fires","path":"/news/11651196/remembering-those-lost-in-northern-californias-october-fires","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A beloved volunteer at an adult assisted-living center. A dad who would always \"find the funny\" in tough situations. A volunteer firefighter who died far from home while battling a blaze in the North Bay. A couple who had celebrated 75 years together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They were among the 44 people who perished in the series of monstrous, wind-driven wildfires that brought death and destruction to huge swaths of Northern California, devastating communities in Mendocino, Napa, Sonoma and Yuba counties. On this final day of 2017, as we look back on the year and a tragedy that touched so many, we remember those who died, the lives they lived and those they touched along the way. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are their stories.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside id=\"top\" class=\"aligncenter noborder\">\n\u003ch2>Click on the person's name to read more about the victims of the fires\u003c/h2>\n\u003ctable>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd width=\"50%\">\n- \u003ca href=\"#aycock\">Karen Aycock\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n- \u003ca href=\"#azarian\">Michel Azarian\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n- \u003ca href=\"#berriz\">Carmen Caldentey Berriz\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n- \u003ca href=\"#bowman\">Roy and Irma Bowman\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n- \u003ca href=\"#chaney\">George Chaney and Edward Stone\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n- \u003ca href=\"#collinsswasey\">Carol Collins-Swasey\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n- \u003ca href=\"#coolidge\">Stanley Coolidge\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n- \u003ca href=\"#costanzo\">Janet Costanzo\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n- \u003ca href=\"#culp\">David Culp\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n- \u003ca href=\"#dornbach\">Michael Dornbach\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n- \u003ca href=\"#evans\">Valerie Lynn Evans\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n- \u003ca href=\"#gardiner\">Barbara Jane Gardiner and Elizabeth Charlene Foster\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n- \u003ca href=\"#grabow\">Mike Grabow\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n- \u003ca href=\"#grant\">Arthur Tasman Grant and Suiko Grant\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n- \u003ca href=\"#halbur\">Donna and Leroy Halbur\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n- \u003ca href=\"#hannah\">Roseann Hannah\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n- \u003ca href=\"#hanson\">Christina Hanson\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n- \u003ca href=\"#hung\">Tak-Fu Hung\u003c/a>\n\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd width=\"50%\">\n- \u003ca href=\"#kirven\">Monte Kirven\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n- \u003ca href=\"#lewis\">Sally Lewis and Teresa Santos\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n- \u003ca href=\"#mccombs\">Veronica McCombs\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n- \u003ca href=\"#mcreynolds\">Carmen McReynolds\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n- \u003ca href=\"#paiz\">Garrett Paiz\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n- \u003ca href=\"#picciano\">Sandra Picciano\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n- \u003ca href=\"#powell\">Lynne Anderson Powell\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n- \u003ca href=\"#ress\">Marilyn Ress\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n- \u003ca href=\"#rippey\">Charles and Sara Rippey\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n- \u003ca href=\"#robinson\">Sharon Robinson\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n- \u003ca href=\"#rogers\">Lee Chadwick Rogers\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n- \u003ca href=\"#schwartz\">Marnie Schwartz\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n- \u003ca href=\"#shepherd\">Kai Shepherd\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n- \u003ca href=\"#kressa\">Kressa Shepherd\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n- \u003ca href=\"#southard\">Daniel Southard\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n- \u003ca href=\"#stelter\">Steve Stelter\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n- \u003ca href=\"#stephenson\">Margaret Stephenson\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n- \u003ca href=\"#thomas\">Tamara Latrice Thomas\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n- \u003ca href=\"#tunis\">Linda Tunis\u003c/a>\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003c/table>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003ca id=\"aycock\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Karen Aycock: 'She Had a Big Heart, Was Always There to Help'\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Karen Aycock, a former construction worker who lived alone in Santa Rosa in her Coffey Park home with her cats, died in the Tubbs Fire that devastated the neighborhood. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Aycock’s niece, Victoria Rilling, learned of her aunt’s death, she felt “heartbreak, utter dismay,” she told \u003ca href=\"http://www.pressdemocrat.com/news/7519692-181/victims-identified-in-deadly-sonoma?artslide=0\">The Press Democrat\u003c/a>. She was also thankful for the efforts to locate Aycock. “They didn’t give up. Their perseverance is phenomenal.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aycock volunteered with animal rescue groups and her cats meant the world to her, Chad Hinden, a former roommate, told the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/California-wildfires-Karen-Aycock-54-dead-in-12280011.php\">San Francisco Chronicle\u003c/a>. She was shy “but she had a big heart,” he said. “If you needed anything, she’d always be there to help you.”\u003ca id=\"azarian\">\u003cbr>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Michel Azarian: A Creative, Globetrotting Engineer With ‘the Kindest Heart’\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11633811\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 576px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/michelazarian.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"576\" height=\"669\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11633811\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/michelazarian.jpg 576w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/michelazarian-160x186.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/michelazarian-240x279.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/michelazarian-375x436.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/michelazarian-520x604.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 576px) 100vw, 576px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Michel Azarian, photographed during a recent trip. Azarian lived outside Santa Rosa and died Nov. 26 as the result of burns suffered during the Tubbs Fire in October. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Khachik Papanyan)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Michel Azarian, 41, died on Nov. 26 at UC Davis Medical Center from extensive burns he suffered when the Tubbs Fire trapped him outside his home on the outskirts of Santa Rosa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People who knew him describe Azarian as a natural engineer -- his mind was the right mix of creative and analytical. His talents brought him from tragedy in war-torn Lebanon to the United States, Silicon Valley and eventually Santa Rosa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Azarian’s father and uncle were killed in the mid-1980s during the Lebanese civil war, his friend Khachik Papanyan said in a phone interview. The family business was destroyed in a bombing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Azarian helped his mother rebuild and worked in a shop selling bedding in his hometown of Zahle, Lebanon, but he dreamed of attending the American University of Beirut.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"aligncenter\">\n\u003cdetails>\n\u003csummary>\u003cstrong>Read more about Michel Azarian\u003c/strong>\u003c/summary>\n\u003cp>He found out the only way he’d have a shot at getting in was an exceptionally high SAT score.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He was a smart enough guy where he was able to get an amazing score on the test and get admitted,” Papanyan said. “However, that wasn’t enough. They didn’t have enough funds to cover the tuition for the first year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Azarian sold land left to him by his father, invested, and sold again, eventually generating enough money to cover his first year’s tuition. He majored in electrical engineering and started earning scholarships.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2002, Azarian was recruited to work for National Instruments in Austin, Texas, where he met Papanyan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We went to an event, actually a lecture about Greek architecture, and somehow I think I asked a question related to Armenia,” Papanyan said. Azarian, whose father was Armenian, approached Papanyan after the lecture. “That’s how we struck our friendship in Austin, and we’ve been best friends since then.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Azarian spent eight years in Austin, designing radio technology and other wireless circuitry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He was extremely gifted when it came to problem-solving,” said Papanyan, who worked for Dell at the time. “The regular puzzles it would take me a day to solve, he could solve it in the blink of an eye.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Outside of work, Azarian’s passions led him away from circuit boards and into nature. Papanyan said his friend was elated when he got a new job -- for Linear Technology -- and moved to San Jose in 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He loved to travel. He loved photography. He loved hiking quite a bit,” Papanyan said. He added that Azarian told him he’d hiked almost every weekend in Silicon Valley and “never had to repeat a trail.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he left a community of friends in Texas, including one associated with the Armenian Church of Austin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For those of you who had the pleasure of knowing Michel, he had the kindest heart and an incredible lust for life,” wrote Mihran Aroian, parish council chairman for the church, in an announcement of Azarian’s death. “He was also an active globetrotter and a brilliant photographer. He had a robust appreciation both for the quiet beauty in nature, along with fun adventures and laughter with friends.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Azarian’s Instagram feed contains a mix of landscape photography, vibrant natural close-ups and some urban/architectural shots. Papanyan said the bulk of Azarian’s photos are believed to have been stored on his home computer, destroyed in the fire.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"instagramLink","attributes":{"named":{"instagramId":"BYH4U11F9tM"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>He moved to Santa Rosa about two years ago, Papanyan said, and took a new job with Keysight Technologies there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Papanyan said he wasn’t sure whether Azarian was at home on Oct. 8, the night the fires hit Santa Rosa, or if he was outdoors and trapped by the wind-whipped wall of flames that roared across the hills from Calistoga.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Either way, he couldn’t get out, and appears to have tried to take shelter in a small clearing near his home. That’s where he was discovered the next day, with severe burns on more than half his body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s just amazing that he was able to survive the whole night being surrounded by the firestorm,” Papanyan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thus began some six weeks of hospital visits to Azarian’s bedside at the UC Davis Medical Center in Sacramento. Azarian couldn’t talk -- his throat was blocked by a ventilator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The only way he could communicate was with his hand,” Papanyan said. “He would actually write out the letters and we would try to decode what he was saying.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A family friend went to Lebanon to bring Azarian’s mother to his bedside. She had been with him for the past few weeks, Papanyan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keysight Technologies helped support his mother’s room and travel, according to friends and high-ranking executives, who joined her in Azarian’s hospital room many times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He died Sunday, according to information from Cal Fire, UC Davis Medical Center and the Sacramento County Coroner’s Office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He was an intelligent, fun-loving, nature-loving guy that always had a broad smile on his face, was always there for his friends,” Papanyan said. “He’s now in the heavens, and he will be with us in our memories forever. It was an honor, a great honor, knowing him.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#top\">Return to top\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\u003c/details>\n\u003cp>\u003ca id=\"berriz\">\u003cbr>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Carmen Caldentey Berriz: Beloved Mother and Grandmother\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Carmen Caldentey Berriz, 75, died in the arms of her husband, Armando Berriz, a man from whom she’d been inseparable since they met in Cuba when they were young. The couple, married 55 years, had been on vacation with family in Santa Rosa when the Tubbs Fire erupted. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When their car got stuck on a fallen tree as they fled, the pair decided to seek shelter in a swimming pool at the vacation home where they’d been staying. Carmen held onto Armando, who was keeping them afloat by hanging onto the sides of the pool, KTVU reported. She died in the pool.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Everything they did was as a team,\" daughter Monica Ocon told \u003ca href=\"http://www.ktvu.com/news/woman-dies-in-husbands-arms-seeking-shelter-in-pool-during-santa-rosa-fire\">KTVU\u003c/a>. \"They had this bond and this strength that literally lasted a lifetime.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Berriz, from Apple Valley in San Bernardino County, is survived by her husband; daughter Monica Ocon and her son-in-law, Luis Ocon; daughter Carmen T. Berriz; son Armando J. Berriz and daughter-in-law Catherine Berriz; and seven grandchildren, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Carmen-Berriz-died-in-her-husband-s-arms-trying-12277372.php\">San Francisco Chronicle reported\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I talked to her every day,” Monica Ocon told the Chronicle. “It’s an amazing bond that I had with her. I will forever try to be like her.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#top\">Return to top\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003ca id=\"bowman\">\u003cbr>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>'They Were Holding Each Other': Roy and Irma Bowman of Redwood Valley\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11629165\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/bowmans1-2.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-11629165\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/bowmans1-2-1020x934.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"586\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Irma and Roy Bowman in 2015 with a plaque commemorating their 50th wedding anniversary.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The past two years were not the easiest of Roy and Irma Bowman's more than half-century together. Roy needed triple-bypass heart surgery early in 2016, a procedure that required a long convalescence. Family members had to persuade Irma to leave his bedside to eat and sleep.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"She would spend the night there if we wouldn't have made her go home,\" said Elizabeth Bowman, who is married to the Bowmans' son, Gary, and lives in Medford, Oregon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"aligncenter\">\n\u003cdetails>\n\u003csummary>\u003cstrong>Read more about Irma and Roy Bowman\u003c/strong>\u003c/summary>\n\u003cp>Earlier this year, Roy Bowman suffered a stroke that put him back in the hospital and left him struggling to speak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He knew who we were and would try to say our names,\" said Elizabeth Bowman. \"The fact he couldn't talk was very rough on him. He would get agitated, so he worked very hard on regaining his speech.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bowmans — Irma was 88, Roy was 87 — were still emerging from that crisis last month when a wildfire charged across a nearby ridge and toward their home in a development set amid vineyards and oak woodlands in the Mendocino County community of Redwood Valley, north of Ukiah.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All 22 homes in the development burned in the fire early Oct. 9. The Bowmans were among nine people killed or fatally injured in a 1.5-mile-long corridor along Tomki and West roads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They must have been in bed,\" Elizabeth Bowman said. \"The fire marshal told us that they were holding each other when they found their remains.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bowmans are remembered as intensely devoted to their family, to their churches and to each other. They had been members of the Assembly of God congregations in both Ukiah and Redwood Valley and were well-known and loved for their usually unadvertised generosity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They were very dedicated to the Lord and very dedicated to their church,\" said the Rev. Jack McMilin, pastor of the Redwood Valley Assembly of God. \"Any time there was a need or any time there was a campaign for something, they always wanted to be involved as far as supporting it financially.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McMilin said that at a memorial service for the Bowmans, members of the congregation talked about how the couple had helped them with various needs -- in one case, for instance, paying the tuition for a family that was otherwise unable to send its children to a local religious school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When I pass away, I'd like to be that well spoken of,\" McMilin said. \"It was pretty amazing the things people said.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roy Howard Bowman was born in 1930, the descendant of Oregon pioneers, and graduated from Oregon State University in 1954 with a bachelor of science degree in general agriculture. He served in the Air Force, retiring with the rank of lieutenant colonel. After his military service, he worked as a soil scientist for the U.S. Department of Agriculture. He's listed as the author and editor of several Soil Conservation Service studies of California counties, including San Diego, Santa Cruz, Placer and eastern Mendocino.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Irma Elsie Wobschall was born to a German-American family in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, in 1929. She emigrated to San Diego by 1950, married, had two sons, and divorced. She later studied art at Palomar Junior College, in the northern San Diego County town of San Marcos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elizabeth Bowman said Irma met Roy at a square dance in San Marcos. They dated for a year or so and were married June 13, 1965. After the wedding, Roy formally adopted Irma's sons — Gary and Mark — \"and gave them his name,\" Bowman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She added that her late mother-in-law was a creative force — a skilled visual artist and an accomplished baker and chef.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Elizabeth and Gary Bowman married, \"She made our wedding cake -- a four-tier wedding cake. It was wonderful -- she was very artistic and could bake anything.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elizabeth Bowman said the family is still grappling with its grief over the deaths — a process she doesn't expect to end anytime soon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's going to take time,\" she said. \"It's going to take a long time.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#top\">Return to top\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\u003c/details>\n\u003cp>\u003ca id=\"chaney\">\u003cbr>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>George Chaney and Edward Stone Loved Traveling and Collecting Art\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Napa Valley resident Don Judah said he was out on his deck sometime between 9:30 and 10 p.m. on Oct. 8 when he noticed fire coming down the ridgeline across the valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I told my wife, 'Call George to get his ass out of there now,' \" Judah said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Judah's wife, Margaret, called their good friend George Chaney, 89, who lived with his lifelong partner, Edward Stone, 79, on Atlas Peak Road. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The area has a history of fires. Chaney’s shed had burned down in swept the countryside in 1981, but his house survived.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Margaret Judah got through to Chaney on the phone. He told her he couldn’t see anything. She said he and Edward would come to their house.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fifteen minutes later, she phoned again to see if he’d left the house yet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He says, ‘Margaret, my house is on fire,' ” Don said. Then the line went dead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Don and Margaret tried to get up the hill to see if they could help Chaney and Stone, their friends of nearly half a century, get out. Within a mile of their house, the fire was so intense the two had to turn back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Thursday, Oct. 12, Don got word from officials that George Chaney and Edward Stone had died in their home. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"aligncenter\">\n\u003cdetails>\n\u003csummary>\u003cstrong>Read more about George Chaney and Edward Stone\u003c/strong>\u003c/summary>\n\u003cp>Originally from Texas, Chaney moved to Napa in 1958 to work as a radiologist at the newly opened \u003ca href=\"https://www.thequeen.org/\">Queen of the Valley Medical Center\u003c/a> in Napa. Don met Chaney in 1960, when Chaney hired him to work in the radiology department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He was an excellent physician and radiologist,\" Don remembered. \"He just had a manner about him that was always kind of calm. He wasn’t a volatile person at all.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Don said Chaney's leadership helped keep Queen of the Valley's radiology department on the cutting edge of medical imaging technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He knew where we were going, and he wanted to do the best he could for the patients,\" Don said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chaney's partner, Stone, worked for Wells Fargo Bank in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After Chaney and Stone retired, Don said, they spent a lot of time traveling together to Europe, Asia and Africa. Don and his wife often joined them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I know they really enjoyed travel,\" he said. \"I would say the two enjoyed classical music and artwork. George had an Asian art collection with Chinese screens and Japanese sculptures.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Don said the pair had excellent senses of humor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The thing about most of the dear friends I have is there’s a bond you have,\" Don said. \"Humor is what hangs us together and keeps us together.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#top\">Return to top\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\u003c/details>\n\u003cp>\u003ca id=\"collinsswasey\">\u003cbr>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Carol Collins-Swasey Remembered for Her 'Wicked Sense of Irreverent Humor'\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Carol Collins-Swasey was known by close family and friends as an independent, strong-willed woman with a “wicked sense of irreverent humor.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in typical fashion, she insisted on writing her own obituary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She didn’t want them saying a bunch of flowery crap about her,” said Staci Peyer-Reupke, a close friend. “She just wanted it to be funny.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you are reading this, I am dead,” she wrote in the obituary that her family incorporated into a \u003ca href=\"http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/pressdemocrat/obituary.aspx?n=carol-h-collins&pid=187019168\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">larger one\u003c/a> published in the Santa Rosa Press Democrat. “And no, I did not look this good when I checked out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"aligncenter\">\n\u003cdetails>\n\u003csummary>\u003cstrong>Read more about Carol Collins-Swasey\u003c/strong>\u003c/summary>\n\u003cp>Collins-Swasey, 76, a Santa Rosa real estate agent and former journalist, died on Oct. 9 in her Hemlock Street home near Coffey Park in the Tubbs Fire that devastated her neighborhood. Her husband of 27 years, Jim Swasey, was out of town.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Born in January 1941 in Louisville, Kentucky, Collins-Swasey grew up with three brothers, and bounced between her divorced parents’ homes in Georgia and Chicago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the obituary the family published, one brother remembered her as \"a bit glamorous and a bit demanding, but always magic.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Collins-Swasey went on to study journalism at the University of Iowa, and after working briefly as a journalist in Los Angeles, headed north, She eventually settled in Santa Rosa, where she lived for the remaining 30 years of her life, working as a Century 21 residential real estate agent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was blessed with some talents and was successful in several professional fields,” she said in her obituary notes. But she added: “I never stayed long with anything -- jobs, houses, husbands or friends -- until moving to Sonoma County.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Collins-Swasey was an avid traveler and a committed community volunteer, most recently helping out at Sutter Hospice Thrift Store on Sundays.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her friend Peyer-Reupke, a regular at the thrift store, said she was drawn to Collins-Swasey’s giving nature and fun-loving personality. “I think that’s what I’m really going to miss the most,” she said. “She once told me she didn’t want a memorial service when she died. She wanted a party.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Collins-Swasey underscored that wish in her obituary notes: “Instead of feeling obligated to attend a memorial service -- and there won't be one -- contribute to a charity of your choice, and give a friend an extra hug today.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to her husband and brothers, Collins-Swasey is survived by a son and multiple stepchildren.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#top\">Return to top\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\u003c/details>\n\u003cp>\u003ca id=\"coolidge\">\u003cbr>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Stanley Coolidge, a Noted Attorney Who Loved Riding a Motorcycle\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11636547\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 130px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28508_stanleycoolidge-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28508_stanleycoolidge-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"130\" height=\"152\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11636547\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Stanley Coolidge loved volunteering and riding his motorcycle. He passed away at age 78 in the Cascade Fire. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Appeal Democrat)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp> Stanley Coolidge leaves behind a legacy as a noted attorney, loving father and grandfather, short story writer and prolific volunteer. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to his obituary in Marysville's \u003ca href=\"http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/appealdemocrat/obituary.aspx?pid=187076634\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Appeal Democrat\u003c/a>, Coolidge was 78 when he died at his Yuba County home in Loma Rica on Oct. 9 during the Cascade Fire. His obit reports that he was with his fiancee, \u003ca href=\"http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/appealdemocrat/obituary.aspx?page=lifestory&pid=187076628\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Roseann Hannah\u003c/a>, who also died in the fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"aligncenter\">\n\u003cdetails>\n\u003csummary>\u003cstrong>Read more about Stanley Coolidge\u003c/strong>\u003c/summary>\n\u003cp>Born in San Francisco on May 17, 1939, Coolidge, who went by \"Stan,\" earned his law degree from UC Berkeley's Boalt Hall and was admitted to the bar in 1965. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coolidge had three children. One son, Andrew Coolidge, told \u003ca href=\"http://www.krcrtv.com/news/father-of-chico-city-councilman-presumed-dead-in-fire/635873925\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">KRCR News\u003c/a> that he and his father spoke nearly every other day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This fire was a complete tragedy,\" Andrew Coolidge told the television station. \"It was fast and it was terrible and I know a lot of people are concerned about the property damage, but when you're dealing with losing someone close to you, losing a loved one, it really makes all of that other stuff very much not important.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanley Coolidge's \u003ca href=\"http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/appealdemocrat/obituary.aspx?pid=187076634\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">obituary\u003c/a> tells the story of a man who dedicated his life to volunteering and giving back to others. According to his \u003ca href=\"http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/appealdemocrat/obituary.aspx?pid=187076634\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">obituary\u003c/a>, he also loved to ride his Harley-Davidson motorcycle and was a longtime member of \u003ca href=\"http://www.theamericansmc.com/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">The Americans Motorcycle Club\u003c/a>, which raises funds to cure childhood cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A joint service was held for Coolidge and \u003ca href=\"#hannah\">Hannah\u003c/a> on Nov. 3 at Veterans Memorial Hall in Yuba City.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#top\">Return to top\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\u003c/details>\n\u003cp>\u003ca id=\"costanzo\">\u003cbr>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Friends Were Like Family to Janet Costanzo\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Janet Kay Costanzo was warm, smart, spunky and a real trailblazer, her friends said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She wanted to work a man’s job so she could make a man’s wage,\" said Reeah Winkle, who was 8 years old when she met Costanzo. “And that’s what she did. She drove trucks at Pac Bell, just like my dad.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Costanzo lived in the Mendocino County community of Redwood Valley with \u003ca href=\"#stelter\">Steve Stelter\u003c/a>, Winkle’s father. Both died in the October wildfires that swept through Mendocino County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"aligncenter\">\n\u003cdetails>\n\u003csummary>\u003cstrong>Read more about Janet Kay Costanzo\u003c/strong>\u003c/summary>\n\u003cp>Costanzo, 71, was found inside her home in Redwood Valley. Stelter, 56, was found near a vehicle. The Mendocino County Sheriff's Office said it appears he was attempting to evacuate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Costanzo had lived in the valley for about 10 years and it suited her outdoorsy personality, Winkle said. “She was a very smart woman; she knew a lot about everything.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of Winkle’s first memories of Costanzo was the time she was allowed to ride her horse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She was around horses all of her life,” said Robert Costanzo, who dated Janet in the 1970s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He remembers Janet as a “warm, friendly, outgoing person.” The two lived together in her mother’s house on Coolidge Avenue in Oakland. She took Robert’s last name in order to get health insurance at the time, he said. She kept the name for the rest of her life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11627604\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 646px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11627604 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/1970s.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"646\" height=\"622\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/1970s.jpg 646w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/1970s-160x154.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/1970s-240x231.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/1970s-375x361.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/1970s-520x501.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/1970s-32x32.jpg 32w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 646px) 100vw, 646px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Janet Costanzo and Robert Costanzo dated in the 1970s. The two never married but Janet took his last name in order to get health insurance. Robert remembers Janet as warm, friendly and outgoing. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Robert Costanzo)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Her dad lived in Southern California on several acres of land and had a few horses, Robert recalls. “She used to like to do dressage and trail rides,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Janet Costanzo also bred cats. She had a parrot and two dogs, Riot and Annie.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She and Stelter moved from Oakland to her aunt’s property in Redwood Valley roughly 10 years ago. \"They had a lot of land up there,” said Steve's brother, Doug Stelter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doug moved into a trailer on the property about five years ago. The three of them would go on walks together, watch television -- \"American Pickers\" and \"Deadliest Catch\" were favorites -- and they would take turns cooking dinner and then eat together almost every night, said Doug.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"She was a good person,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They were taken from our lives too soon,\" said Winkle. \"We love them very much and they remain in our hearts.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/details>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#top\">Return to top\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\n\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003ca id=\"culp\">\u003cbr>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Vietnam Vet David Culp Leaves an Empty Spot\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11637505\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 242px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28581_David-Culp-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"242\" height=\"326\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11637505\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28581_David-Culp-qut.jpg 242w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28581_David-Culp-qut-160x216.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28581_David-Culp-qut-240x323.jpg 240w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 242px) 100vw, 242px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fire victim David Culp was a member of the Foothill Lions Club. \u003ccite>(Foothill Lions Club)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>David Patrick Culp, 76, a Vietnam veteran, died on Oct. 10 in the Cascade Fire that swept through his Loma Rica neighborhood in Yuba County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People came by and told him it’s getting too close, he had to leave, but being the stubborn vet that he was, he decided to stay with his equipment, figuring he could stop it,” Mike Saala, a friend, told \u003ca href=\"http://sacramento.cbslocal.com/2017/10/19/yuba-county-mourns-4-killed-by-devastating-cascade-fire/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CBS Sacramento\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Culp piloted UH-1 “Huey” helicopters during the Vietnam War, according to an obituary on the website of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.foothill-lions.net/index_files/Page682.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Foothill Lions and Lioness Club\u003c/a> in Marysville. He was a regular at the club on Thursday nights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He will be missed ... there will be a vacant spot,” Saala said. \u003ca id=\"dornbach\">\u003cbr>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Michael Dornbach Was Searching for His ‘Little Piece of Heaven’\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11631075\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27977_Uncle-Michael-qut-800x589.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"589\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11631075\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27977_Uncle-Michael-qut-800x589.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27977_Uncle-Michael-qut-160x118.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27977_Uncle-Michael-qut-1020x750.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27977_Uncle-Michael-qut-1180x868.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27977_Uncle-Michael-qut-960x706.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27977_Uncle-Michael-qut-240x177.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27977_Uncle-Michael-qut-375x276.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27977_Uncle-Michael-qut-520x383.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27977_Uncle-Michael-qut.jpg 1392w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Michael Dornbach, 57, died Oct. 9 in Calistoga. \u003ccite>(Photo courtesy of Maria Triliegi)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Michael Dornbach came to California with his family when he was just 10 years old. They settled in the small West Marin town of Inverness, where he learned how to fish for salmon on Tomales Bay. His mother, Maria Triliegi, said he became a great fisherman, always winning the jackpot in any competition he entered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Triliegi remembered how much her son loved the water. Not just the ocean, but lakes and rivers, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s why he was so anxious to get his little piece of heaven,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dornbach, 57, lived in San Pedro but came to Northern California in October, searching for that piece of heaven. The family was hoping to buy a small piece of land close to the Klamath River, someplace where he could build a cabin, fish, plant a garden and watch the stars at night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Triliegi said he wanted to live out in the open, like the guys in his favorite movie, “Lonesome Dove.” But he didn’t want to be all alone out there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The cabin would have enough room for his mom and family members to come and stay,” Triliegi said. “His family was everything to him.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dornbach was staying with family on an 18-acre property in rural Calistoga when the October Tubbs Fire tore through and claimed his life. Triliegi said. “My biggest sadness is that the land he loved so much, in the finality of it all, took him.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dornbach is survived by his mother; a brother, Joshua Triliegi; a sister, Laura Dornbach; as well as aunts, uncles and cousins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#top\">Return to top\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003ca id=\"evans\">\u003cbr>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Valerie Lynn Evans: 'A Real Cowboy-Type Girl'\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11627475\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Valerie-Evans-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Valerie Lynn Evans, right, with her son, Houston Evans Jr.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11627475\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Valerie-Evans-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Valerie-Evans-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Valerie-Evans-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Valerie-Evans-1920x1080.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Valerie-Evans-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Valerie-Evans-960x540.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Valerie-Evans-240x135.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Valerie-Evans-375x211.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Valerie-Evans-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Valerie Lynn Evans, right, shares a treat with her son, Houston Evans Jr. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Victoria Evans)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Valerie Lynn Evans loved horses. She grew up around them as a child and continued to raise and show horses as an adult. That was one reason she was so happy in her home on Coffey Lane in Santa Rosa -- she had space for her horses and plenty of beautiful places to ride.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She was a real cowboy-type girl,” said her husband, Houston G. Evans Sr., who himself spent time working as a rodeo cowboy. In fact, that’s how the two met.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was Nov. 22, 1963, the day John F. Kennedy was shot. Houston was scheduled for a rodeo in Las Vegas that was canceled because of the assassination, so he drove to Los Angeles to see if he could work a rodeo there instead. He approached a group of people talking out front, one of whom he knew, and met Valerie. They went to a party together and were soon dating, marrying a few years later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"aligncenter\">\n\u003cdetails>\n\u003csummary>\u003cstrong>Read more about Valerie Lynn Evans\u003c/strong>\u003c/summary>\n\u003cp>In the early morning hours of Oct. 9, the couple woke to a fire outside their window. Houston said they had only a few minutes to get out of the house.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Valerie wanted to save the horse trailer parked in the yard, so her husband, who is 88 years old and suffers from gout, went down the road to get the tractor. When he turned around, the house was an inferno. He rushed back, but Valerie wasn’t where she said she’d be waiting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I almost knew instantly that she went back into the house to get the dogs,” Houston said. He fled, barely escaping with his own life. Their son, Houston Evans Jr., and his wife, Victoria, used their knowledge of the back roads around his parents' house to find a way around closures, eventually reaching Evans Sr., who had taken cover behind a shed down the road.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I haven’t seen anything like this since I was in the war,” the elder Houston said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Valerie, who was 75 when she died, loved their home in Santa Rosa, working “every kind of dirty lousy job you can think of to pay for this place.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She operated a Caterpillar tractor at the dump and drove trucks for several companies in the area. She even worked as a dispatcher in Santa Rosa, a job her husband said she had to quit. “It was too much for her to handle, people getting killed and murdered. It would give her nightmares.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Raising and showing horses was Valerie’s passion. The couple traveled all over the country to compete in horse shows, often bringing home ribbons and trophies. She loved to ride in the beautiful countryside around Santa Rosa and in the Southern California mountains when the couple lived there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She enjoyed life,\" her husband said. \"She enjoyed friends; she enjoyed nature.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Valerie Lynn Evans is survived by her husband, Houston G. Evans Sr.; a son, Houston G. Evans Jr.; and her daughter-in-law, Victoria Evans. The family plans to hold a memorial service for Valerie sometime in the spring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#top\">Return to top\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\u003c/details>\n\u003cp>\u003ca id=\"gardiner\">\u003cbr>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Barbara Jane Gardiner and Elizabeth Charlene Foster: A Creative Soul and Her Caregiver\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The walls and halls of Barbara Jane Gardiner’s Mendocino County home in Redwood Valley were her museum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11635940\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 324px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/JaneGardiner1.eps_20171101.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/JaneGardiner1.eps_20171101.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"324\" height=\"471\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11635940\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/JaneGardiner1.eps_20171101.jpg 324w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/JaneGardiner1.eps_20171101-160x233.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/JaneGardiner1.eps_20171101-240x349.jpg 240w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 324px) 100vw, 324px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo is from the Ukiah Daily Journal obituary page\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Gardiner was a creative soul, according to her obituary in the \u003ca href=\"http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/ukiahdailyjournal/obituary.aspx?n=barbara-jane-gardiner&pid=187113806\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ukiah Daily Journal\u003c/a>. From the beaded earrings to the knitted crafts, her personality was as vibrant as the colors she chose in her personal art pieces. She collect painted glass art and fashionable handbags. Her needlework was intricate, along with the never-conforming art she made.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to \u003ca href=\"http://www.pressdemocrat.com/news/7809163-181/remembering-northern-california-fire-victims?sba=AAS\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">her obituary\u003c/a> in the Santa Rosa Press Democrat, Barbara Jane Gardiner moved to Redwood Valley with her husband Eugene Vincent Gardiner about 1980. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Oct. 9 at 1 a.m., she called her stepson, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.mendovoice.com/2017/10/names-of-deceased-redwood-fire/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the Mendocino County Sheriff’s Department\u003c/a>, to tell him that fire had surrounded her home. She was with her caregiver, Elizabeth Charlene Foster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Foster was 64 years old. The two lived together on Tomki Road in Redwood Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the county sheriff’s department, Gardiner told her stepson that she and Foster were waiting for the fire department to evacuated them from their home. They didn’t survive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Her signature smile and high-pitch, jolly laugh will echo in the hearts of those who loved her,” said Barbara Jane Gardiner’s Ukiah Daily Journal obituary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#top\">Return to top\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003ca id=\"grabow\">\u003cbr>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Mike Grabow 'Instantly Made People Feel Better About Themselves'\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11628766\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11628766\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27896_22489993_10208498866384214_2692149478615782517_n-qut-800x800.jpg\" alt=\"Mike Grabow, 40, and his French bulldog, Stax, died when the Tubbs Fire hit their neighborhood in Santa Rosa on Oct. 9.\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27896_22489993_10208498866384214_2692149478615782517_n-qut-800x800.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27896_22489993_10208498866384214_2692149478615782517_n-qut-160x160.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27896_22489993_10208498866384214_2692149478615782517_n-qut.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27896_22489993_10208498866384214_2692149478615782517_n-qut-240x240.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27896_22489993_10208498866384214_2692149478615782517_n-qut-375x375.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27896_22489993_10208498866384214_2692149478615782517_n-qut-520x520.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27896_22489993_10208498866384214_2692149478615782517_n-qut-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27896_22489993_10208498866384214_2692149478615782517_n-qut-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27896_22489993_10208498866384214_2692149478615782517_n-qut-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27896_22489993_10208498866384214_2692149478615782517_n-qut-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27896_22489993_10208498866384214_2692149478615782517_n-qut-128x128.jpg 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27896_22489993_10208498866384214_2692149478615782517_n-qut-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mike Grabow, 40, and his French bulldog, Stax, died when the Tubbs Fire hit their neighborhood in Santa Rosa on Oct. 9. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Rachael Ingram)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The morning before the Tubbs Fire swept through Santa Rosa, Mike Charles Grabow was in a local bar giving away hope bracelets. He'd bought them for friends as a way to donate to breast cancer research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Grabow's sister, Lindsay Osier, said he often gave generously to those around him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"aligncenter\">\n\u003cdetails>\n\u003csummary>\u003cstrong>Read more about Mike Grabow\u003c/strong>\u003c/summary>\n\u003cp>“He was always giving money to charities and wherever he could find ways to help out,” Osier said. “He didn’t require anything back. It was all freely given.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Grabow was 40 when he died. Osier misses her brother’s hugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The hugs that he gave me would take all of the problems away,” she said. “He just instantly made people feel better about themselves and encouraged you to be a better human being.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11628765\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 437px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11628765\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27895_23115093_10210794951373989_1858367344_n-qut-e1510955812607.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"437\" height=\"633\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27895_23115093_10210794951373989_1858367344_n-qut-e1510955812607.jpg 437w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27895_23115093_10210794951373989_1858367344_n-qut-e1510955812607-160x232.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27895_23115093_10210794951373989_1858367344_n-qut-e1510955812607-240x348.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27895_23115093_10210794951373989_1858367344_n-qut-e1510955812607-375x543.jpg 375w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 437px) 100vw, 437px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mike Grabow, 40, passed away when the Tubbs Fire hit his Santa Rosa neighborhood early the morning of Oct. 9. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Lindsay Osier)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Grabow lived in Northern California for the past five years and had a tight-knit circle of friends. They remember his energy and his love of craft beer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ll remember him for how much he loved everyone around him and how fully he lived his life,” said Rachael Ingram, one of his friends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier in his life, Grabow lived in the Pacific Northwest. He eventually moved back to Idaho, where he was born and lived for most of his adult life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He loved the outdoors and found lots of opportunities to enjoy it around Boise. Osier said that when Grabow was young, his grandfather took him fishing a lot, and that is when he was truly the happiest. Grabow also liked to snowboard, hunt and golf.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for work, he showed his independence by being self-employed in jobs that allowed him to be outside, such as landscaping and construction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11628769\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/22780678_10208545187702218_6620350318759447796_n.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11628769\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/22780678_10208545187702218_6620350318759447796_n-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/22780678_10208545187702218_6620350318759447796_n-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/22780678_10208545187702218_6620350318759447796_n-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/22780678_10208545187702218_6620350318759447796_n.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/22780678_10208545187702218_6620350318759447796_n-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/22780678_10208545187702218_6620350318759447796_n-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/22780678_10208545187702218_6620350318759447796_n-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Friends and family of Mike Grabow, 40, celebrate his life at Cooperage Brewing Co. in Santa Rosa on Oct. 25, 2017. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Rachael Ingram)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On Oct. 26, friends and family celebrated Grabow at one of his favorite places to grab a beer, Cooperage Brewing Co. in Santa Rosa. They raised money for fire relief efforts in his name.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a huge community of people that are missing him right now,” Ingram says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#top\">Return to top\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\u003c/details>\n\u003cp>\u003ca id=\"grant\">\u003cbr>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Retired Navy Pilot Arthur Tasman Grant ‘Would Do Anything to Help Somebody Out’\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Like his wife, Suiko Grant, Arthur Tasman Grant loved spending time with his granddaughter, Sloane.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11627332\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 236px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Arthur-Grant-e1509496770485.jpg\" alt=\"Arthur Grant of Santa Rosa as a young man.\" width=\"236\" height=\"133\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11627332\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Arthur-Grant-e1509496770485.jpg 236w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Arthur-Grant-e1509496770485-160x90.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 236px) 100vw, 236px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Arthur Grant of Santa Rosa as a young man. \u003ccite>(Photo: Courtesy of Trina Grant)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The retired Navy lieutenant and Pan Am Airlines captain also relished sitting in the sun watching the birds ride the updrafts, having a beer and sharing his stories about all the years he spent flying airplanes. “Those little things, and his garden, which really was his realm,” says Grant’s daughter, Trina Grant, of her father’s many favorite pastimes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Grant was 95 at the time of his death in the Tubbs Fire. He and his wife, who also died in the blaze, fled to the wine cellar of their hilltop Santa Rosa home to escape the flames.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He is survived by daughters Tasman Grant of San Francisco and Trina Grant of Denver, as well as his granddaughter. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"aligncenter\">\n\u003cdetails>\n\u003csummary>\u003cstrong>Read more about Arthur Tasman and Suiko Grant\u003c/strong>\u003c/summary>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11627316\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 217px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/The-Grants-e1509494914613.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"217\" height=\"123\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11627316\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/The-Grants-e1509494914613.jpg 217w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/The-Grants-e1509494914613-160x91.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 217px) 100vw, 217px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Trina, Suiko and Arthur Grant at Trina and Arthur's home in Santa Rosa. \u003ccite>(Photo: Courtesy of Trina Grant)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Grant grew up in Point Arena on a dairy farm. He had 12 siblings. He joined the Navy during World War II, where he trained as a fighter pilot. After retiring from the military, he worked for Pan Am for 25 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trina Grant remembers her father’s innate kindness. “He would do anything to help somebody out,” Trina Grant says.” In addition to being an accomplished aviator, Trina Grant said, her father was an extraordinary artist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But cooking wasn’t among his many skills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trina Grant fondly remembered the time she was home from college, grievously sick, at age 18. This was before cellphones. Her mom was away, and she needed her father’s help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It took me two hours to drag myself along the floor from the bed to the phone, whereupon I finally called him,” Trina Grant said. “He leapt into action, bringing me microwaved mushroom soup that was barely lukewarm and not particularly appetizing. But he came and brought it to me with such good intention, that despite how horrid the soup was, at that moment, it was the best meal I’d ever had.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The family asks that donations be made to veterans support organizations or to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.youcaring.com/arthursuikotrinagrant-979411\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Arthur and Suiko Grant Memorial Fund\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#top\">Return to top\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\u003c/details>\n\u003cp> \u003ca id=\"halbur\">\u003cbr>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Donna and Leroy Halbur Were Always Prepared for an Extra Guest\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11634271\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Halbur2-1020x680-1-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11634271\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Halbur2-1020x680-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Halbur2-1020x680-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Halbur2-1020x680-1.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Halbur2-1020x680-1-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Halbur2-1020x680-1-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Halbur2-1020x680-1-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Halbur2-1020x680-1-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Donna and LeRoy Halbur, Aug. 4, 2017. \u003ccite>(Michelle Halbur)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Donna Mae Kearney was born Aug. 10, 1937, in Iowa City, Iowa. Four days later, LeRoy Halbur came into the world in Roselle, almost due east and 200 miles across the state. They died together, Oct. 9, at their home in the Larkfield area of Santa Rosa, at the age of 80.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In between, they married, had careers, two sons and two grandchildren. Over the years they welcomed many people into their home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They first met in Iowa, after Leroy was out of the Army and Donna had graduated from college, which she had left a Catholic religious order to attend. They married on Aug. 12, 1967. Some 40 years ago, they moved into the hillside house on Angela Drive, next to a vineyard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"aligncenter\">\n\u003cdetails>\n\u003csummary>\u003cstrong>Read more about Donna and Leroy Halbur\u003c/strong>\u003c/summary>\n\u003cp>LeRoy was a CPA and worked for over 30 years at the real estate company Codding Enterprises, becoming a vice president. Donna, with her degree in education, worked as a substitute teacher in elementary schools and later as a reading specialist. He was the serious financial guy, she the creative free spirit, says their son, Tim Halbur.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They were both Depression-era kids,” he says. “So they always had a full pantry and full freezer and were ready to feed people.” LeRoy, too, had Catholic roots, and he practiced rather than preached a life of service. Three nights a week, he delivered food to the poor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The couple loved to travel and once a year took the family on a big trip -- Mongolia, the Nile, China. At home, they played pinochle. That was the family game. “Every time we got together, it was the rhythm of our house,” says Halbur. “Eat a meal, clear the table, play some games.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In August, Donna and LeRoy celebrated their 50th wedding anniversary, and for the occasion Tim created a video tribute, in which you can see snapshots of their life together. The song is Glenn Miller’s“ Moonlight Serenade.”\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/i1VRk8JTd-0'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/i1VRk8JTd-0'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>They are survived by their two sons, Tim and David Halbur; their daughters-in-law, Michelle Halbur and Amy Heibel; their grandsons, Travion Jackson and Rowan Halbur; and siblings, Jolene, Linda, Ken, Duane and Glen Halbur; and Cecil, Paul and Marcella Kearney.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#top\">Return to top\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\u003c/details>\n\u003cp>\u003ca id=\"hannah\">\u003cbr>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Roseann Hannah, Cascade Fire Victim, 'Prided Herself on Being a Great Mom'\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28510_Roseann-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28510_Roseann-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"171\" height=\"200\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-11636684\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28510_Roseann-qut.jpg 171w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28510_Roseann-qut-160x187.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 171px) 100vw, 171px\">\u003c/a>Roseann Hannah died in Yuba County's Cascade Fire on Oct. 9. She and her fiance, Stanley Coolidge, loved adventuring together. According to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Engaged-couple-who-loved-motorcycle-rides-die-12312065.php#next\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">San Francisco Chronicle\u003c/a>, they would ride Coolidge's motorcycle from his home in the community of Loma Rica up the coast to Oregon or to the beach in Mendocino County, where Hannah enjoyed spending time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The newspaper tribute said Hannah was visiting \u003ca href=\"#coolidge\">Coolidge\u003c/a> in Loma Rica when they both died in the Cascade Fire. She was 53 years old. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hannah lived in Grass Valley with her 26-year-old twin sons, Jeffrey and Jordan Hannah. Her \u003ca href=\"http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/appealdemocrat/obituary.aspx?page=lifestory&pid=187076628\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">obituary\u003c/a> said she was a loving mother and friend who \"loved her boys and doing things with them and for them.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to her two sons, Hannah is survived by a grandson, Aleczander Hannah.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#top\">Return to top\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003ca id=\"hanson\">\u003cbr>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Christina Hanson Shared Her Smile with Santa Rosa\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11629022\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11629022\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/brittney-frankie-846-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Christina Hanson of Santa Rosa was known as the life of every party. Here she is on the dance floor enjoying a family wedding with her father, Michael Hanson, left, and cousin, Shane Riordan, right. Christina Hanson died in the Tubbs Fire on Oct. 9, a month shy of her 28th birthday.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Christina Hanson of Santa Rosa was known as the life of every party. Here she is on the dance floor enjoying a family wedding with her father, Michael Hanson, left, and cousin, Shane Riordan, right, Christina Hanson died in the Tubbs Fire on Oct. 9, a month shy of her 28th birthday.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Christina Hanson shared one thing with everyone — her smile.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Your smile was infectious,\" wrote Santa Rosa resident Meg Barry in one of many \u003ca href=\"http://memorialwebsites.legacy.com/ChristinaHanson/homepage.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">tributes\u003c/a> posted online for the 27-year-old Hanson. \"You made my babies laugh, and we relaxed in the sunshine sharing jokes with one another. It was one of those moments where I felt like we’d known each other for a long time even though we’d just met.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"aligncenter\">\n\u003cdetails>\n\u003csummary>\u003cstrong>Read more about Christina Hanson\u003c/strong>\u003c/summary>\n\u003cp>Hanson was well known in her community and was close with her spiritual family at Spring Hills Community Church in Santa Rosa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hanson died Oct. 9 at her home on Wikiup Bridge Way in Santa Rosa, a month shy of her 28th birthday. Hanson's apartment in the Mark West Springs neighborhood was overrrun by the Tubbs Fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For days she was listed among the missing as her family and friends circulated photos asking for help in locating her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She was a much loved volunteer at Primrose, a local adult assisted living center specializing in memory care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"She had a connection with seniors her whole life,\" said her cousin, Brittney Vinculado. \"Maybe it was because of her own mobility issues.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hanson was born with \u003ca href=\"http://spinabifidaassociation.org/what-is-sb/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">spina bifida\u003c/a>, a spinal condition that affected her mobility and caused her to spend a lot of time in the hospital as a child. She was also very close to her grandmother, Vera Hanson, who passed away earlier this year, and Vinculado said talking and enjoying time with elders came naturally to Hanson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her father, Michael Hanson, lived in a separate apartment on the property. He was badly burned in the fire and his family believes he was trying to rescue his daughter when he was overcome by smoke and collapsed outside. He \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfchronicle.com/news/article/The-fight-after-the-fires-Loved-ones-keep-vigil-12332531.php\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">is still recovering\u003c/a> from his injuries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The fire came down the road and it was in the middle of the night, so people were sleeping and unaware and no evacuations had started. And they were one of the first neighborhoods hit,\" said Vinculado.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11629026\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11629026 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/IMG_5174-800x1066.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"1066\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Christina Hanson, 27, of Santa Rosa always had a smile to share with friends and family. She was especially close with her grandfather, Richard Hanson, left, and father Michael Hanson, right.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Hanson was very fond of animals and for many years was seen with her guide dog, Zulu, at the side of the wheelchair she used to help her move around.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most recently she adopted Joey, a terrier mix. The dog managed to make it out of the fire with minor burns on his paws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In middle school Hanson enjoyed playing basketball on an adaptive sports team. She was known for her love of singing, especially anything by Celine Dion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"She had a great sense of humor and a very positive attitude,\" Vinculado said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hanson was a talented craftswoman, especially with intricate work involving her hands. She loved making beaded jewelry to give as gifts for friends and family. She also learned American Sign Language, and her family says she was very good at interpreting for people with hearing impairments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the online tribute page, Christine O'Neil Frazier wrote: Your wit and wisdom touched everyone. You taught us all how to be better people. The world needed your love and kindness, but heaven needed you more.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Christina Hanson is survived by her father, Michael Hanson of Santa Rosa; her stepmother, Jennifer Watson of Santa Rosa; a grandfather, Richard Hanson of Oakley; and a grandmother, Rose Diaz of Dublin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The family suggests donations to the Shriners Hospitals for Children.\u003c/p>\u003c/details>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#top\">Return to top\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003ca id=\"hung\">\u003cbr>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>At 101 Years Old, Tak-Fu Hung Could Still Command a Room\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>By all accounts, Tak-Fu Hung was a remarkable man. He would have turned 102 on Nov. 25, but instead, his family held his funeral on that day. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hung died in his Fountaingrove home, on the eastern side of Santa Rosa, a victim of the Tubbs Fire. According to accounts by his family (in the \u003ca href=\"http://www.pressdemocrat.com/news/7649296-181/101-year-old-santa-rosa-man-now?artslide=0&sba=AAS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Santa Rosa Press Democrat)\u003c/a>, he couldn’t get out of his house fast enough as the flames approached. He told his wife of 46 years to flee, and he perished in the fire. She sustained burns but survived.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Born in 1915, Hung held the rank of general with the Chinese Nationalist army defeated by Chinese Communist forces after World War II. Hung fled to Hong Kong and then Taiwan, where he worked as a civil engineer, before moving to the Bay Area, according to his family. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They described him to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.pressdemocrat.com/news/7649296-181/101-year-old-santa-rosa-man-now?artslide=0&sba=AAS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Santa Rosa Press Democrat\u003c/a> as a man who loved his children and grandchildren and “was really good at commanding a room.” He only recently began using a cane to walk, and “liked a party” according to his daughter, Anne O’Hara. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He is survived by his wife, six children, 12 grandchildren and seven great-grandchildren.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#top\">Return to top\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003ca id=\"kirven\">\u003cbr>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>How Monte Kirven Helped Save the Peregrine Falcon\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11627460\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/IMG_10561-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"Monte Kirven holding a peregrine falcon. Kirven was a lifelong falconer and lover of the outdoors. He died in the Tubbs Fire.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11627460\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Monte Kirven holding a peregrine falcon. Kirven was a life-long falconer and lover of the outdoors. He died in the Tubbs Fire.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Sitting around a dinner table with Monte Kirven meant an evening of entertaining tales. Maybe he’d talk about the time he scaled cliffs to reach peregrine falcon nests in his efforts to conserve the species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or he’d talk about the trips he led to Baja California in Mexico to see gray whales -- including the time he had to patch a car tire using a lighter, tequila and a tooth from a plastic comb.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sometimes he’d talk about his time in the military, or the birding trips he led to Africa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"aligncenter\">\n\u003cdetails>\n\u003csummary>\u003cstrong>Read more about Monte Kirven\u003c/strong>\u003c/summary>\n\u003cp>Whatever his tale, whatever his task, Kirven approached all things with passion and intensity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kirven died in his home in the Mark Springs West neighborhood in Santa Rosa on Oct. 9, when the Tubbs Fire consumed his house. He was 81.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kirven’s love for nature began during his childhood in rural Indiana, where he spent much of his time outdoors. He fished and hunted from a young age. He later turned these passions into his academic focus: He majored in biology at the University of Mississippi, got a master's degree focusing on Caspian and elegant terns at San Diego State University, and later got a Ph.D. in biology from the University of Colorado.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1961, he married Valerie Quate and they had three children, raising them mostly in San Diego. His daughter, Kathleen Groppe, recalls a childhood full of adventure. She says her father always spearheaded wildlife rescue projects -- and used their house as a base camp.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She remembers injured ducks, falcons and other birds. Sometimes the animals would be in the backyard, other times they’d take up residence in the bathtub. The goal was to release them back to the wild, but if that couldn’t happen, Kirven would pass the healed animals off to the San Diego Zoo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Groppe remembers his passion for falcons especially. He worked with them tirelessly and always had one or two of the birds. These experiences sparked Groppe’s own academic pursuits in ecology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11627504\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/IMG_6253-e1509576539433-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11627504\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Monte Kirven with his children and former wife at daughter Kathleen Groppe's 1992 wedding. From left to right: Brian Kirven, Valerie Quate, Kathleen Groppe, Monte Kirven, and Kenneth Kirven.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Notably, Kirven was part of a team of scientists who helped show that the use of insecticide DDT led to the thinning of peregrine falcon eggshells. DDT was subsequently banned in 1972.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, in 1978, there were only 19 known pairs of these falcons in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kirven’s former employer, the Bureau of Land Management, quotes him saying: “Humans brought these birds to near extinction, and we have a moral obligation to bring them back.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To rebuild the population, Kirven and colleagues would take peregrine falcon eggs from nests, and replace them with porcelain fakes. The real eggs were hatched at UC Santa Cruz, and then cautiously returned to their home nests and mothers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Accessing these nests often required scaling steep cliffs, which Kirven did enthusiastically. Through these efforts, the American peregrine falcon was removed from the federal list of endangered and threatened wildlife in 1999.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Through the years, Kirven became increasingly passionate about environmental conservation and efforts to curb climate change. He funneled this energy into teaching undergraduates at Sonoma State University and Santa Rosa Junior College.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s ironic, his daughter Kathleen Groppe notes, that something he worked to combat -- climate change -- could have contributed to his demise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11627500\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Monte-800x1226.jpeg\" alt=\"Monte Kirven displays the trout he caught at the White Tail Ranch in Montana.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1226\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11627500\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Monte Kirven displays the trout he caught at the White Tail Ranch in Montana.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Beyond nature, Kirven had an extraordinary love of people. He’d host dinners after returning from fishing or hunting to share his goods. The evening before his death, he threw a celebratory party for friends and workers who had just finished construction of his new roof.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He made them steaks and turkey with stuffing, and he opened a fancy bottle of wine to share. He went to sleep that night content, having lived another day to its fullest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monte Kirven is survived by daughter Kathleen Groppe of Lancaster, Texas; sons Kenneth Kirven of San Diego and Brian Kirven of Point Reyes Station; sister Marcia Gray of Helena, Montana; ex-wife Valerie Quate of Poway (San Diego County); and grandchildren Patrick Kirven, Caroline Groppe, Andy Arredondo and Chinzia Pinnamonti.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#top\">Return to top\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\u003c/details>\n\u003cp>\u003ca id=\"lewis\">\u003cbr>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Sally Lewis, a Napa Native With a Pioneer Spirit, and Her Caregiver, Teresa Santos\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>A native of the Napa Valley, Sally Lewis died on Oct. 8, when a fire engulfed her Soda Canyon home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lewis lived with a pioneer spirit that fit her surroundings. According to the \u003ca href=\"http://napavalleyregister.com/news/local/families-and-friends-of-napa-s-fire-victims-remember-the/article_2ebb83a4-9bfb-59e9-80d4-e3132bc57cfb.html\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Napa Valley Register\u003c/a>, she was an active fisher and hunter. Lewis raised two daughters by herself after the sudden death of her husband. She took over his school bus business and became one of just two female auto dealers in California at the time, the newspaper reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lewis is survived by two daughters, Windermere Tirados and Dixie Lewis. Tirados told the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfchronicle.com/news/article/California-fire-takes-Sally-Lewis-90-12282443.php\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">San Francisco Chronicle\u003c/a> that her mother was “a down-to-earth person who loved everybody.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Chronicle reports that the Soda Canyon Road home where Lewis died at the age of 90 was constructed by her grandparents in 1920 and had been her home for most of her life. In the last year of her life, Lewis received in-home care from Teresa Santos, a native of the Philippines who lived in Fairfield. She also died in the fire at the age of 50 years old. Her family told the Chronicle they wanted privacy to grieve and little was reported about her life and work, but Tirados called her a \"fantastic\" woman who took good care of her mother.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#top\">Return to top\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003ca id=\"mccombs\">\u003cbr>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Family Mourns the Loss of Veronica McCombs\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11636875\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 123px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11636875\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28559_veronica-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"123\" height=\"180\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Veronica McCombs died in the Tubbs Fire in Santa Rosa. \u003ccite>(San Jose Mercury News/San Mateo County Times )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Veronica McCombs was the oldest of six children, and her siblings say that her imprint on them \"will live on forever.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Veronica-McCombs-67-died-in-Tubbs-Fire-12280409.php#photo-14354955\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">San Francisco Chronicle\u003c/a> reported that McCombs died in her home on Oct. 9 during the Tubbs Fire in Santa Rosa. She was 67 years old. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In her \u003ca href=\"http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/mercurynews/obituary.aspx?pid=187196889\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">obituary\u003c/a>, her siblings write that \"throughout her life, Veronica was always there to listen and help her family, siblings, and others who needed the wisdom and care that she gave unconditionally.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McCombs' family is mourning the loss of what her son, Brandon McCombs, calls the family's \"foundation\" (according to his statement to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Veronica-McCombs-67-died-in-Tubbs-Fire-12280409.php#photo-14354955\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Chronicle\u003c/a>).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"She devoted her life to the love and care of our family and her community,\" Brandon McCombs wrote. \"As a family we are grieving deeply and she will be missed forever.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#top\">Return to top\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003ca id=\"mcreynolds\">\u003cbr>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Carmen Colleen McReynolds: 'Gutsy and Self-Reliant'\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11638311\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/22489832_1425225550925577_6703254919008924703_n-800x800.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11638311\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/22489832_1425225550925577_6703254919008924703_n-800x800.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/22489832_1425225550925577_6703254919008924703_n-160x160.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/22489832_1425225550925577_6703254919008924703_n.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/22489832_1425225550925577_6703254919008924703_n-240x240.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/22489832_1425225550925577_6703254919008924703_n-375x375.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/22489832_1425225550925577_6703254919008924703_n-520x520.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/22489832_1425225550925577_6703254919008924703_n-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/22489832_1425225550925577_6703254919008924703_n-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/22489832_1425225550925577_6703254919008924703_n-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/22489832_1425225550925577_6703254919008924703_n-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/22489832_1425225550925577_6703254919008924703_n-128x128.jpg 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/22489832_1425225550925577_6703254919008924703_n-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Carmen Colleen McReynolds \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Jonathan Gabriel Coke)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When Carmen Colleen McReynolds was born on Jan. 30, 1935, her father, Joseph McKinley, wasn't present. He had to be quarantined after contracting tuberculosis. He wouldn't meet Carmen until she was 9 months old.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"My grandfather is an important part of my aunt's story,\" says Gabriel Coke, McReynolds' nephew. It was her father, according to Coke, who inspired McReynolds to become a doctor. \"My grandfather became a doctor after his own mother died of tuberculosis, and my Aunt Carmen went on to be a doctor because of my grandfather. She looked up to him.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McReynolds graduated from medical school at the University of Colorado in Denver. She worked as an internist for Kaiser until 1995, when she retired and moved to the Fountaingrove area of Santa Rosa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"aligncenter\">\n\u003cdetails>\n\u003csummary>\u003cstrong>Read more about Carmen Colleen McReynolds\u003c/strong>\u003c/summary>\n\u003cp>\"She was very gutsy and self-reliant,\" remembered Coke. \"She liked to have friends that were also independent. She loved to play the guitar and the piano. She was a big Hank Williams fan, she knew how to shoot a rifle, and she rode a motorcycle until she was in her 70s.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McReynolds, 82, was so tough that her family held out hope that, even with her failing health, maybe she had escaped the Tubbs Fire that swept her neighborhood and destroyed her home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But nearly a week after the fire, a search team found McReynolds' remains in her garage, inside her 1973 Mercedes convertible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coke said his aunt was a trailblazer and a dignified woman who valued her independence. She was married for seven years in the 1960s, he said, but later divorced. McReynolds cared a lot for her family, and although he didn't see her often in later years, Coke said she was always a strong presence in their lives. \"She came to my wedding in France,\" Coke said. \"That meant a lot to me because she was very frugal. She spent money on experiences, she wasn't frivolous.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After McReynolds' death. Coke learned that she was deeply committed to charities like the \u003ca href=\"http://www.earlebaum.org/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Earle Baum Center\u003c/a> for the blind. \"There's still so much I'm learning about her extraordinary life.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#top\">Return to top\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\u003c/details>\n\u003cp>\u003ca id=\"paiz\">\u003cbr>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Firefighting 'Was His Passion': Garrett Angel Paiz\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11627393\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 720px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11627393\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Paiz3-e1510697723437.jpg\" alt=\"Garrett Angel Paiz, a volunteer firefighter from Noel, Missouri, was killed on Oct. 16, 2017, when his water truck crashed in Napa County as he helped fight the Northern California fires.\" width=\"720\" height=\"628\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Paiz3-e1510697723437.jpg 720w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Paiz3-e1510697723437-160x140.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Paiz3-e1510697723437-240x209.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Paiz3-e1510697723437-375x327.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Paiz3-e1510697723437-520x454.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Garrett Angel Paiz, a volunteer firefighter from Noel, Missouri, was killed on Oct. 16 when his water truck crashed in Napa County as he helped fight the Northern California fires. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Cinthia Ann-Marie Paiz)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>From the time he was a boy, there were two things Garrett Angel Paiz wanted to be when he grew up: a cowboy and a firefighter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before his death on Oct. 16, while helping to battle the Northern California fires in Napa County, Paiz, 38, had fulfilled those dreams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A cowboy he became by working several ranches across the United States, herding cattle, branding and roping,\" said his big sister, Cinthia Ann-Marie Paiz of Palm Springs. \"Anything a cowboy did, Garrett did. He was also a trail supervisor in Mammoth.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"aligncenter\">\n\u003cdetails>\n\u003csummary>\u003cstrong>Read more about Garrett Angel Paiz\u003c/strong>\u003c/summary>\n\u003cp>Paiz served as a volunteer firefighter in Noel, Missouri, too, and was assisting with fires in Washington state when he was called to help fight the Northern California blazes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11627396\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11627396\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Paiz2.jpg\" alt=\"Garrett Angel Paiz traveled throughout the country helping to fight wildfires. \" width=\"400\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Paiz2.jpg 720w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Paiz2-160x213.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Paiz2-240x320.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Paiz2-375x500.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Paiz2-520x693.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Garrett Angel Paiz traveled throughout the country helping to fight wildfires. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Cinthia Ann-Marie Paiz)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"He loved to help and did whatever was needed,\" his sister said. \"Firefighting was not a job. It was his passion. Serving others was his passion.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Early on Oct. 16, Paiz was driving a tanker truck designed to bring water to the scene of the fire when the rig crashed on the Oakville Grade in Napa County. His truck went down an embankment, turning over and landing on its roof. Authorities aren't certain what caused the accident but say fatigue might have been a factor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paiz was born in Indio, California, and raised in the town of Mecca. He came from a large family that loved to spend time together and play pranks on one another.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I will always remember my baby brother as the funny kid who was always up to something,\" said Cinthia Paiz. \"You just never knew what he would get into next.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paiz graduated from Coachella Valley High School and studied agriculture at College of the Desert in Palm Desert. He came from a long line of men and women who served as first responders and in the armed forces, said his brother, Carlos Paiz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11627395\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11627395 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Paiz1-e1510955224717-1020x1388.jpg\" alt=\"Garrett Angel Paiz fulfilled his dream of being cowboy at a young age.\" width=\"640\" height=\"871\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Paiz1-e1510955224717-1020x1388.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Paiz1-e1510955224717-160x218.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Paiz1-e1510955224717-800x1088.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Paiz1-e1510955224717-1180x1605.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Paiz1-e1510955224717-960x1306.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Paiz1-e1510955224717-240x327.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Paiz1-e1510955224717-375x510.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Paiz1-e1510955224717-520x707.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Paiz1-e1510955224717.jpg 1811w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Garrett Angel Paiz fulfilled his dream of being cowboy at a young age. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Cinthia Ann-Marie Paiz)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"We believe that helping others is paramount in life. Standing up for others is just what you do,\" he said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paiz is survived by his wife, Bobbie Paiz of Noel, Missouri; parents, Judi and Armando Paiz of Coachella; sister, Cinthia Paiz; brother, Carlos Paiz of Coachella; and a daughter, Terri Ann Paiz of Tehachapi.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carlos Paiz said there were three things he wanted people to do to honor his brother: \"Love your family, follow your dreams and serve your community.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/details>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#top\">Return to top\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003ca id=\"picciano\">\u003cbr>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Sandra Picciano, Cascade Fire Victim, Loved Animals and Always Helped Her Neighbors\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Those who lived near Sandra Picciano in the Yuba County hamlet of Loma Rica remember her as a compassionate woman who always lent a helping hand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"She helped out with neighbors, taking them to doctor appointments and checking on them when they were sick,\" said Nadine Webb, Picciano's neighbor of 17 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the \u003ca href=\"http://m.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Neighborly-woman-dies-in-Cascade-Fire-trying-to-12335627.php#photo-14357930\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">San Francisco Chronicle\u003c/a>, Picciano was 77 years old and had no living relatives. She did have several horses, which she cared for through their old age.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the Cascade Fire started to blaze, Picciano was quick to leave her home. Authorities said she was killed when she crashed into a tree along the road. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another Loma Rica neighbor, John Billingsley, told \u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/news/state/california/fires/article178046466.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Sacramento Bee\u003c/a> that the smoke from the fire that night was so thick \"you could just see a little bit in front of your hood.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#top\">Return to top\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003ca id=\"powell\">\u003cbr>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Lynne Anderson Powell Thrived on Music, Quilting and Her Dogs\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/20861810_111117646276007_5886828533173973108_o.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/20861810_111117646276007_5886828533173973108_o-800x800.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-11633685\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lynne Anderson Powell woke up every morning at 5 a.m, no matter what. Her border collies, four of them total, needed to go hiking. So she and her husband, George, would take them for a walk in the hills of northeast Santa Rosa, near their home on Blue Ridge Trail, right up to the day before the fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lynne and George were married for 33 years. They met at a holiday party thrown by someone at El Camino Community College in Southern California, where her mother, artist Jean Jenkins, taught. George was a staff photographer there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"aligncenter\">\n\u003cdetails>\n\u003csummary>\u003cstrong>Read more about Lynne Anderson Powell\u003c/strong>\u003c/summary>\n\u003cp>George said they had an instant connection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was just incredible,” he said. They married just weeks after meeting, over Presidents Day weekend in 1984.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lynne played the flute throughout her life, starting at age 7. She majored in flute performance and music education at Carnegie Tech (later renamed Carnegie Mellon) in Pittsburgh. She was a roommate with lifelong friend Joan Sextro, and they took part in each other’s weddings. Sextro said she always admired Lynne’s strength, honesty and kindness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Lynne was a very upfront person,” said Sextro. “You know where you stand with her, yet she was a very kind, warm person.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When she and George met and fell in love, Lynne was first chair flute in the New Mexico Symphony Orchestra. George joined her in Albuquerque so that she could continue to play. After 17 years in the symphony, Lynne began working an office job at Sandia National Laboratories, also in Albuquerque.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The couple retired to Eugene, Oregon, but soon moved to Northern California to be closer to Lynne’s aging parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lynne was devoted to her dogs and trained them for agility trials. She was also an avid quilter, a hobby well-suited to her meticulous and intelligent nature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She was the most brilliant person on the planet — there was nothing she couldn’t figure out,” said George.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the past year and a half, Lynne had been undergoing intensive treatment for salivary gland cancer. Even though the chemotherapy and radiation took a heavy toll, George remembers her strong determination in the face of discomfort. “She was my rock. She took care of me, no matter how much pain she was in.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sextro said Lynne was just beginning to get back to normal life, after her cancer treatments, making her death “a double sadness.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the night of the fire, the couple woke to smoke and the red glow of the Tubbs Fire sweeping toward their house. George told Lynne to leave with her dog, who slept next to her. He would follow in another car with his three dogs. They planned an escape route, but Lynne did not make it to their meeting place. Apparently blinded by smoke and flames, she drove off the road and crashed down a ravine. Her car and body, along with the body of her dog, were found days later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If he had known Lynne was down in the ravine, George would have tried to find her and would have been satisfied to die next to her, he said. The fire destroyed their home, her quilting studio and George’s photography collection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>George said he’d like people to know “how loving and kind she was.” When a new person moved into the neighborhood, he said, “she’d be the first person to welcome them and ask what she could do for them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lynne was 72 when she died. George remembers her as being the best spouse he could have hoped for. “She’s still with me,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#top\">Return to top\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\u003c/details>\n\u003cp>\u003ca id=\"ress\">\u003cbr>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>A Box of Chocolates and an Infectious Smile: The Big Heart of Marilyn Ress\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Once a week, Marilyn Ress would board a city bus from her home at Journey’s End Mobile Home Park and ride 35 minutes to the Montgomery Village Shopping Center on the east side of Santa Rosa. From there, Ress would walk into See’s Candies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She would easily buy $100 worth of peanut brittle, chocolate and gift cards,” said manager Susan Murphy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the gift cards and candies were not for herself. Ress bought them as gifts for others. One box of chocolates would go to the bus drivers who took her around town. One would go to her doctor’s office. Another would end up with a neighbor who was having a bad day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She would even give chocolates to the landscapers,” said her best friend, Cynthia Conners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ress died in the Tubbs Fire. She was 71.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"aligncenter\">\n\u003cdetails>\n\u003csummary>\u003cstrong>Read more about Marilyn Ress\u003c/strong>\u003c/summary>\n\u003cp>Conners said Ress was the epitome of selflessness. “I never saw her do anything for herself, not even go to the salon.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ress was known to pay for strangers' groceries and cups of coffee. Once, on a trip to Fisherman’s Wharf in San Francisco with Conners, Ress paid for several drivers’ tolls on the Golden Gate Bridge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She handed the toll booth clerk a $50 bill and said, 'Pay for all the cars behind us that this covers,' ” Conners said. “She lived and breathed ‘pay it forward.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Conners and Ress met in the late 1970s, when they both worked at Santa Rosa’s Creekside Hospital. Ress was a certified nursing assistant and Conners was the activities director. Conners said Ress had a goofy sense of humor and an infectious smile.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ress grew up in the Sonoma County town of Penngrove and attended Petaluma High School. She led a simple life with her two cats at Journey’s End. Conners would sometimes take her on rides through the Sonoma County countryside or to the coast. They would go to Fosters Freeze, where Ress would order her favorite meal: a chili cheeseburger, fries and a vanilla malt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ress spent holidays with Conners. A more recent tradition involved hours of holiday cooking in Conners’ small apartment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She’d get a list of people that had nowhere to go on Thanksgiving and then show up at my house and tell me I was cooking dinner,” Conners said. “I didn’t have a choice. I had to make fresh cranberries, stuffing, turkey, I mean the whole nine yards.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ress would then deliver foil-wrapped meals, two plates at a time, to her neighbors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Conners and Ress talked over the phone at least once a week. So when she didn’t hear from Ress the week of the fires, she knew something was wrong. But Conners believes Ress is at peace now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just have a funny feeling that she would be happy in heaven,” Conners said. “I can just see her smiling and dancing.”\u003c/p>\u003c/details>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#top\">Return to top\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003ca id=\"rippey\">\u003cbr>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>‘Together All the Time': Sara and Charles Rippey\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11637438\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1200px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Sara-and-Charles-Rippey.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Sara-and-Charles-Rippey.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1200\" height=\"1075\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11637438\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Sara-and-Charles-Rippey.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Sara-and-Charles-Rippey-160x143.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Sara-and-Charles-Rippey-800x717.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Sara-and-Charles-Rippey-1020x914.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Sara-and-Charles-Rippey-1180x1057.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Sara-and-Charles-Rippey-960x860.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Sara-and-Charles-Rippey-240x215.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Sara-and-Charles-Rippey-375x336.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Sara-and-Charles-Rippey-520x466.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sara and Charles Rippey in 1946. \u003ccite>(submitted photo via Napa Valley Register)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Charles Rippey -- nicknamed “Peach” as a child for his fuzzy cheeks -- and his wife, Sara Rippey, celebrated their 75th wedding anniversary in March. Four months later, Charles celebrated his 100th birthday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just three months after that, he died, apparently trying to reach his wife as flames engulfed their home in Napa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My father certainly wouldn’t have left her,” his son, Mike Rippey, told the Associated Press. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"aligncenter\">\n\u003cdetails>\n\u003csummary>\u003cstrong>Read more about Sara and Charles Rippey\u003c/strong>\u003c/summary>\n\u003cp>Charles Rippey grew up in Hartford, Wisconsin, where he met Sara in grade school. According to the \u003ca href=\"http://napavalleyregister.com/news/local/families-and-friends-of-napa-s-fire-victims-remember-the/article_2ebb83a4-9bfb-59e9-80d4-e3132bc57cfb.html\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Napa Valley Register\u003c/a>, the two attended the University of Wisconsin, Madison, together. Charles graduated with a degree in mechanical engineering in 1939.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Register reported the couple married in 1942, just before Charles joined the Army for World War II service in North Africa, France, Italy and Germany. After the war, Charles and Sara Rippey had three daughters and two sons, and Charles went on to work for the Firestone tire company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rippey spent 30 years with Firestone, the Register reports, leading three different divisions and working in Sweden, Argentina and across the Midwest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1978, when most of their adult children moved to California, the elder Rippeys followed, with Charles going to work with Southern California's Norris Industries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Rippeys' children say their parents delighted in each other's company. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Every Sunday night they went dancing,” Mike Rippey told the Register. “They loved to do stuff together; they’d always come home laughing and giggling. Neither ever vacationed alone or went anywhere alone. They were together all the time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That remained true until their final moments, when Charles apparently tried to reach Sara, who had been partially paralyzed since suffering a stroke in 2012.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an interview with the AP, Mike Rippey said his brother discovered their parents’ bodies in the remains of their home in Napa. His father, Rippey said, appeared to be heading to his mother’s room when he was overcome by smoke and flames.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If he’d survived and she was gone, he would be the most miserable person alive,” Mike Rippey said in an interview with the Register. “If you had asked them if they wanted to go out together, they would have said yes.”\u003c/p>\u003c/details>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#top\">Return to top\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003ca id=\"robinson\">\u003cbr>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Loving Mom, Generous Artist: Sharon Robinson\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11627679\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 525px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11627679\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/22448120_10210923817400136_3298257612672619342_n-2-e1510879015873.jpg\" alt=\"Sharon Rae Robinson, 79, of Santa Rosa.\" width=\"525\" height=\"538\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sharon Rae Robinson, 79, of Santa Rosa. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Cathie Merkel)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Sharon Robinson, a 79-year-old artist and antiques collector, died in when the Tubbs Fire engulfed her Santa Rosa neighborhood. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the immediate aftermath of the fires, Robinson's daughter, Cathie Merkel, searched for her mom. She posted recent photos of her on Facebook, along with a photo of the lot where Robinson's home had been reduced to ashes. Robinson’s car remained in what was left of the garage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After days of searching, Merkel posted a message on her \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/cathie.merkel?fref=search\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Facebook page\u003c/a> to let loved ones know Robinson had not survived:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“To my dear friends, thank you all for your efforts in trying to find my mom. We received the news today that she did not make it out of her home the night of the fire. During the next few days I won’t be returning any messages as we deal with the effects of this tragedy. We know she found peace in her passing. Thank you for understanding, stay safe.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11627678\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11627678\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/22339056_10210918337023130_7427437482030700905_o-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Nothing was left but the car and ashes after the Tubbs Fire engulfed Sharon Robinson's home.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/22339056_10210918337023130_7427437482030700905_o-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/22339056_10210918337023130_7427437482030700905_o-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/22339056_10210918337023130_7427437482030700905_o-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/22339056_10210918337023130_7427437482030700905_o-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/22339056_10210918337023130_7427437482030700905_o-960x540.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/22339056_10210918337023130_7427437482030700905_o-240x135.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/22339056_10210918337023130_7427437482030700905_o-375x211.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/22339056_10210918337023130_7427437482030700905_o-520x293.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/22339056_10210918337023130_7427437482030700905_o.jpg 1440w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nothing was left but the car and ashes after the Tubbs Fire engulfed Sharon Robinson's home. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Cathie Merkel)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Merkel told \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/2017/10/11/hundreds-missing-in-wine-country-fires-here-are-some-of-their-stories/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the San Jose Mercury News\u003c/a> that she visited her mother shortly before the fire with her daughter, who suffers from terminal brain cancer. “It was a very happy visit, very friendly.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She was really a warm and lovely woman, absolutely,” Jeri Sprague, a former neighbor of Robinson who knew her for decades, told the\u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/California-wildfires-Sharon-Robinson-79-named-12280042.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> San Francisco Chronicle\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#top\">Return to top\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003ca id=\"rogers\">\u003cbr>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Lee Chadwick Rogers, 72\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Lee Chadwick Rogers, 72, died in her Sonoma County home on Cavedale Road as the Nuns Fire burned near the town of Glen Ellen. She lived east of Highway 12 near Mountain Terraces Winery and Vineyard. \u003ca id=\"schwartz\">\u003cbr>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Marnie Schwartz Devoted Herself to Activism and Teaching\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11636960\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Marnie.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Marnie-800x800.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11636960\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Marnie-800x800.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Marnie-160x160.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Marnie-240x240.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Marnie-375x375.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Marnie-520x520.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Marnie-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Marnie-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Marnie-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Marnie-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Marnie-128x128.jpg 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Marnie-150x150.jpg 150w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Marnie.jpg 920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Marnie Schwartz passed away in the Tubbs Fire. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the San Francisco Chronicle)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Marjorie Schwartz was her real name, but everyone called her Marnie.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And everyone remembers that she called them \"sweetie.\" Denise Harrison, a friend of Schwartz, told the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Marjorie-Schwartz-teacher-killed-in-Tubbs-Fire-12367366.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">San Francisco Chronicle\u003c/a>, \"I don't ever remember her calling me 'Denise.' I remember her calling me 'sweetie.' I can hear it in my head now: 'Hi, sweetie.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"aligncenter\">\n\u003cdetails>\n\u003csummary>\u003cstrong>Read more about Marjorie Schwartz\u003c/strong>\u003c/summary>\n\u003cp>Schwartz, 68, died in the Tubbs Fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schwartz' spirit will live on in the memories of those she taught, which spanned students in Walnut Creek, San Rafael, Santa Rosa and English-language learners, according to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.pressdemocrat.com/news/7578851-181/family-former-santa-rosa-teacher?sba=AAS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Santa Rosa Press Democrat\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She was also active in her religious community, serving as president of the Congregation Shomrei Torah in Santa Rosa at one point, according to the Chronicle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rabbi George Gittleman told the paper that Schwartz loved to study and discuss Jewish texts of all kinds, and she was very literate, well-read and well-educated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#top\">Return to top\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\u003c/details>\n\u003cp>\u003ca id=\"shepherd\">\u003cbr>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Touch Football and a Middle School Crush: After the Fire, 8th-Graders Remember Classmate Kai Shepherd\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/KaiMain.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/KaiMain-800x647.jpg\" alt=\"Kai Logan Shepherd, 14, was the youngest person to die in the Northern California Wildfires in October.\" width=\"800\" height=\"647\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11629618\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/KaiMain-800x647.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/KaiMain-160x129.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/KaiMain-1020x825.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/KaiMain.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/KaiMain-1180x954.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/KaiMain-960x777.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/KaiMain-240x194.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/KaiMain-375x303.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/KaiMain-520x421.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kai Logan Shepherd, 14, was the youngest person to die in the October wildfires. But in the weeks after the tragedy, he was still a presence among his classmates at Redwood Valley's Eagle Peak Middle School.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eagle Peak's Spirit Week, which features a different dress-up theme every day, was delayed by three weeks after the fire that devastated the Mendocino County community and killed nine people, including Kai's 17-year-old sister, \u003ca href=\"#kressa\">Kressa\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eagle Peak Principal Dan Stearns, shuffling down a school hallway on wear-your-pajamas-to-school day in slippers and a plaid bathrobe, says he remembers Kai as a kid \"constantly running from group to group, interacting, laughing, joking around.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"aligncenter\">\n\u003cdetails>\n\u003csummary>\u003cstrong>Read more about Kai Shepherd\u003c/strong>\u003c/summary>\n\u003cp>Stearns stops at a classroom on the second floor where a group of eighth-grade students are hunched over their laptops, scrolling through photos: Kai at the beach, Kai playing baseball, Kai goofing around with his friends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>School was closed for a week after the fire, but the first day back, students asked their digital media teacher if they could make a dedication page for Kai in the yearbook.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They've been working nonstop on it since then,\" says Elizabeth DeVinny, who taught Kai in her honors English class last year. \"They've been gathering photos and even asking if they could have extra space, because they have so much that their classmates want to say and their teachers want to say.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11629210\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/IMG_3030-e1510177623777.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/IMG_3030-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11629210\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Janeane Higdon (left) and Joshua Harding work on the yearbook dedication page for Kai. \u003ccite>(April Dembosky)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Kai loved sports. One of his best friends, Brenton Wheeler, took a video of Kai competing in a wrestling match last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"After he was done wrestling ... he kinda ... he smiled. Even though he lost, he smiled, and, kept his chin up,\" Brenton remembers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Winning or losing, he always walked off the mat with a smile, says Shane Stearns, another of Kai's friends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The three boys played touch football every morning on the blacktop at school, he says. Kai was the quarterback.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He would get frustrated easily, but ...,\" Brenton says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He'd always be laughing when he was arguing, though,\" Shane finishes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11629205\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Brenton-and-Shane-e1510177341493.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Brenton-and-Shane-1020x765.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" class=\"size-large wp-image-11629205\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Shane Stearns, foreground, and Brenton Wheeler, friends of Kai's, edit photos of Kai they plan to use in the yearbook. \u003ccite>(April Dembosky)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Kai had other dimensions, and Janeane Higdon, 13, wants to show the side of him that she knew in the yearbook.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"On the outside, I know he was very athletic. But on Instagram, he’d just act like a totally different person. He would talk about nerd stuff like Magic and video games,\" she says. \"Deep down inside, I think he was a nerd.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For their celebration of Dia de los Muertos, or Day of the Dead, students put together an altar for Kai. It has a baseball and football on it. And a box of Kai's favorite cereal: Golden Grahams. Janeane draped a special necklace over the box.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11629206\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/IMG_3051-1.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/IMG_3051-1-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11629206\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/IMG_3051-1-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/IMG_3051-1-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/IMG_3051-1-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/IMG_3051-1-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/IMG_3051-1-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/IMG_3051-1-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/IMG_3051-1-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/IMG_3051-1-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/IMG_3051-1-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Students at Eagle Peak Middle School built an altar in Kai's memory for Day of the Dead. \u003ccite>(April Dembosky)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"We had matching shark-tooth necklaces from Six Flags,\" she says, the kind that are sold in pairs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Janeane kept one, and gave the other one to Kai.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I had a crush on Kai last year,\" she says. \"So I brought him back a necklace. And he wore it, I think, twice. And then he put it on his shelf, I’m pretty sure he told me. So I had one of his best friends deliver it to him, 'cause I was kind of scared to.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They started messaging over Instagram. Janeane wrote poems about him in her honors English class, including an ode to Kai’s blue eyes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Because your eyes are as blue as the sky,\u003cbr>\nthey make me get butterflies.\u003cbr>\nBecause your eyes are as blue as the sky,\u003cbr>\naround you they make me feel shy.\u003cbr>\nBecause your eyes are as blue as the sky,\u003cbr>\nthey make me feel high.\u003cbr>\nBecause your eyes are as blue as the sky,\u003cbr>\nthey make me love the plain dull sky\u003cbr>\nBecause your eyes are as blue as the sky,\u003cbr>\nthoughts of you preoccupy my mind\u003cbr>\nBecause your eyes are as blue as the sky,\u003cbr>\nthey’re prettier than a dragon’s eye….\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11629207\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/IMG_3041.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/IMG_3041-1020x765.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"480\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-large wp-image-11629207\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/IMG_3041-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/IMG_3041-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/IMG_3041-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/IMG_3041-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/IMG_3041-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/IMG_3041-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/IMG_3041-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/IMG_3041-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/IMG_3041-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 100vw, 480px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Janeane Higdon looks at a selfie she took during Spirit Week last year. She is in the front with red hair. Kai is in the back row on the left. \u003ccite>(April Dembosky)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Janeane gave a couple of her poems to Kai, and he told her he liked them because they reminded him of rap music. She was never really sure, though, what Kai thought about her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Brenton and Shane did.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I remember Kai kinda liked Janeane, too, at one point,\" Shane says. \"I remember him talking about that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Kai would say, 'It's kinda nice knowing that Janeane likes me,' \" Brenton says. \"And how he kinda liked her back.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Janeane didn’t know this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It kinda makes me sad now. Because we could have gotten closer,\" she says. \"And now that he's dead, I know that we won't be able to replay that.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/details>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#top\">Return to top\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003ca id=\"kressa\">\u003cbr>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Ukiah High School Students Mourn the Death of Kressa Shepherd and Celebrate Homecoming in the Same Week\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11629956\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Kressa-self-portrait-e1510283178339.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Kressa-self-portrait-1020x1275.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"800\" class=\"size-large wp-image-11629956\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kressa Shepherd took this self-portrait in a photography class at Ukiah High School. \u003ccite>(Kressa Shepherd)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Homecoming is not a day at Ukiah High School; it's a weeklong series of events. After a wildfire tore through Redwood Valley in October, the school district postponed the football game and festivities to give the town some time to recover.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three weeks later, the night before the rescheduled events were about to start, high school junior Kressa Shepherd died in the hospital. She was 17.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The mood is definitely complicated and complex,” said Gordon Oslund, the school principal, as he watched students milling in the courtyard. “It’s people trying to figure out, how do you deal with a community tragedy and then carry on and have a community celebration all at the same time?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kressa and her parents were found in the road near their home the night of the fire and flown to hospitals for treatment of severe burns. Kressa’s \u003ca href=\"#shepherd\">younger brother, Kai,\u003c/a> 14, died before help arrived. Both of Kressa’s legs were amputated in the hospital, and she suffered cardiac arrest and multiple infections before she also died.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"aligncenter\">\n\u003cdetails>\n\u003csummary>\u003cstrong>Read more about Kressa Shepherd\u003c/strong>\u003c/summary>\n\u003cp>On the morning of the big football game, Nov. 3, students packed the bleachers in the gym for a homecoming rally, one of several held throughout the week. The juniors wore all shades of pink, their class color. Hanging on the wall above them, gold balloons shimmered in the fluorescent light, spelling out K-R-E-S-S-A and K-A-I.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11629957\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Ukiah-Homecoming-Rally-e1510283499991.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Ukiah-Homecoming-Rally-e1510283499991-1020x765.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" class=\"size-large wp-image-11629957\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Ukiah-Homecoming-Rally-e1510283499991-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Ukiah-Homecoming-Rally-e1510283499991-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Ukiah-Homecoming-Rally-e1510283499991-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Ukiah-Homecoming-Rally-e1510283499991.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Ukiah-Homecoming-Rally-e1510283499991-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Ukiah-Homecoming-Rally-e1510283499991-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Ukiah-Homecoming-Rally-e1510283499991-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Ukiah-Homecoming-Rally-e1510283499991-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Ukiah-Homecoming-Rally-e1510283499991-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Juniors cheer at a homecoming rally at Ukiah High School. \u003ccite>(April Dembosky)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For some of Kressa’s friends, the ones who made it to school that week, the whole scene was just weird.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was just like, ‘Wow, like how can you be happy right now?’ ” said Sasha Wilkins, a sophomore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The class period right before, she had been to a grief circle for Kressa’s friends and classmates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was weird being in a group of everyone having such strong emotions, of being sad and down. And then going to another group of people who's so excited and so happy,” Wilkins said. “But then I realized not everyone's thinking about that all the time, but that's OK.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before Ukiah high, Kressa went to a Waldorf school. From fourth grade through eighth, she was in the same class with the same teacher and the same 23 kids. The high school counselors gathered them, and the class of sophomores below hers, to talk and share memories of Kressa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wilkins remembered feeling intimidated last year about becoming a sophomore. She was confiding in her friends about it when Kressa walked by.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She overheard that and came up to me later and we just sat down and talked about it, and she comforted me,” she said. “She was like, ‘Yeah I was really nervous as well, but it's going to be OK and it's not as hard as you think it is.’ It was a wonderful moment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11629958\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Voltaire-person-of-the-year-e1510283675349.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Voltaire-person-of-the-year-1020x765.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"320\" height=\"240\" class=\"size-large wp-image-11629958\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kressa turned in this homework assignment to her history teacher last year. \u003ccite>(April Dembosky)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Kressa’s teachers embodied the mixed emotions of the week. Some cried openly in front of their classrooms, then dressed up days later in purple and gold for homecoming. Across the board, they remember Kressa as a star student who kept a 4.0 GPA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She’s the rock in the classroom,” said Meagan Davis, her English teacher. “To have at least one student in the class be there for you. You look up and you see them fully enveloped in what you're teaching – she was that student in my class.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A peacemaker, is how Liz Johnson, Kressa's U.S. history teacher, described her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She had a lot of compassion for multiple points of view,” Johnson said. “She had a deeper understanding of the world around her.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11629959\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Kressa-drawing-e1510283824939.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Kressa-drawing-e1510283804287-1020x1360.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"320\" height=\"426\" class=\"size-large wp-image-11629959\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kressa was working on a series of illustrations when she died. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Gordon Oslund)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And she was a natural-born artist, according to her art teacher, Rose Easterbrook.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She wanted to be an illustrator someday, and she truly could have done that,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kressa had been working on a series of drawings of a young girl with blond hair frolicking in a meadow. She carried them everywhere with her. For her photography class, she took a similar picture of her cousin picking flowers, and photo-shopped fairy wings into it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That was her: innocent and sincere,” said Lech Slocinski, her photography teacher, as he hung a collection of Kressa’s black-and-white prints in the school lobby. “There was nothing fake about her. Everything was just real. And kind. And it shows in her pictures.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11629960\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Kressa-cousin-e1510283977514.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Kressa-cousin-1020x680.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"320\" height=\"213\" class=\"size-large wp-image-11629960\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kressa took this picture of her cousin for her photography class in high school. \u003ccite>(Kressa Shepherd)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Her work often portrayed a calm world, he said, removed from madness and conflict.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that was the kind of scene the school tried to recreate in her memory the night of the homecoming game.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This evening, we pay tribute to the lives of Ukiah High School junior, Kressa Shepherd, and her brother, Kai Logan Shepherd,” principal Gordon Oslund said to the crowd, asking them to join him in a moment of silence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before the marching band came on, before the football players took the field, and before screaming erupted in the stands, more than a thousand people stood up and went completely quiet.\u003c/p>\u003c/details>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#top\">Return to top\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003ca id=\"southard\">\u003cbr>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Even at 71, Daniel Martin Southard Hadn't Lost His Love of Football\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11637203\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 458px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28572_DanSouthard-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28572_DanSouthard-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"458\" height=\"500\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11637203\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28572_DanSouthard-qut.jpg 458w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28572_DanSouthard-qut-160x175.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28572_DanSouthard-qut-240x262.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28572_DanSouthard-qut-375x409.jpg 375w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 458px) 100vw, 458px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Daniel Southard was 71 when he died in the Tubbs Fire. \u003ccite>(Courtesy The Press Democrat)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Daniel Martin Southard, 71, one of those who died in the Tubbs Fire in Santa Rosa, was known for his love of football. According to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/pressdemocrat/obituary.aspx?pid=187361346\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Santa Rosa Press Democrat\u003c/a>, when he graduated Southern California's Crescenta Valley High School in 1964, he received special awards in athletics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That love of sports athleticism and love of the sport never left him. The\u003ca href=\"http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/pressdemocrat/obituary.aspx?pid=187361346\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Press Democrat \u003c/a>reports that he went on to become a personal trainer and eventually bought a Gold's Gym in Santa Rosa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Daniel Southard's son Derek told the \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/2017/10/11/hundreds-missing-in-wine-country-fires-here-are-some-of-their-stories/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mercury News in San Jose\u003c/a> that his father \"was just a very loving guy. He was very sweet and very kind.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#top\">Return to top\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003ca id=\"stelter\">\u003cbr>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Steve Stelter 'Would Find the Funny in It'\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11627298\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 693px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11627298 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Dad-and-Janet.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"693\" height=\"539\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Steve Stelter and Janet Costanzo were longtime partners and lived together in the Mendocino County community of Redwood Valley. Both died in the fire that swept the area early the morning of Oct. 9.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A photograph of Steve Stelter shows him wearing a shirt of \"Beavis and Butt-Head,\" who are themselves wearing \"Ren & Stimpy\" costumes. It helps to be familiar with the crude hilarity of these shows to better understand what Stelter’s daughter, Reeah Winkle, means when she says her dad was playful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But along with his love of irreverent, fart-joke humor was his witty, softer side, she said. “If there was a hard situation, he would find the funny in it,” said Winkle, who gave him the shirt as a birthday present. “You could laugh with him even when you were having a hard time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"aligncenter\">\n\u003cdetails>\n\u003csummary>\u003cstrong>Read more about Steve Stelter\u003c/strong>\u003c/summary>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11627297\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11627297\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Aunt-Shelia-Dad-Mac-and-Me.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"458\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Steve Stelter (center) loved being a grandfather. He poses with daughter, Reeah Winkle, left, and sister, Shelia Garoni, right, while holding Winkle's son, Mac. Stelter died on Oct. 8 in Redwood Valley.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Winkle laughs thinking about memories she has of her dad: trips to the movies or the flea market or an amusement park. Winkle said that even though she didn’t live with her dad, he was very present.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He was the kind of person that if you needed anything, he was there to help you any way he could,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stelter helped neighbors clear iced-over driveways on cold winter days. He helped family with plumbing problems or with cars that needed fixing (his specialty). He was a handyman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He would be right over to fix it,” said Winkle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stelter drove trucks for a number of companies, but it was at Pacific Bell that he met his longtime partner, Janet Costanzo, who also died in the fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pair lived on a large parcel where they’d take their dogs for walks and where Steve could shoot his guns and work on cars, Winkle said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11627301\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11627301 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Dad-1-800x1065.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"1065\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A young Steve Stelter poses for the camera.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Steve’s brother, Doug Stelter, eventually moved into a trailer on their property. The three of them would eat dinner together most nights: more meat and fewer vegetables, said Doug Stelter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’d all sit around and watch TV,\" he said. \"They liked '[American] Pickers.' \" And \"Deadliest Catch\" was also a favorite.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Steve loved the holidays, too. Winkle remembers fireworks on the Fourth of July, trick-or-treating on Halloween and how her father loved being around family for Thanksgiving and Christmas. But more than anything, he loved being a grandpa to his two grandchildren, Winkle said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He’d be down on the ground playing with them,” she said. “He was that kind of grandfather.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Steve Stelter, 56, is survived by his brother Doug, his daughter Reeah Winkle, and his grandchildren, Mac and Sunny Mortensen.\u003c/p>\u003c/details>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#top\">Return to top\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003ca id=\"stephenson\">\u003cbr>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Margaret Stephenson Spread Joy With Huge Heart and Love of Parties\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11638786\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Stephenson-qut-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11638786\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Stephenson-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Stephenson-qut-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Stephenson-qut-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Stephenson-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Stephenson-qut-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Stephenson-qut-960x540.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Stephenson-qut-240x135.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Stephenson-qut-375x211.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Stephenson-qut-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Margaret Stephenson, left, celebrated her 86th birthday in March with friend Drew Wallace. (Courtesy of Mandi Hamilton)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Margaret Stephenson, 86, was a vibrant and tenacious British transplant to Mendocino County's Redwood Valley who lived alone on 2 rural acres, loved animals and never shied away from a good party.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She was very proud of her British heritage and a person that loved to celebrate festivities,” said Mendocino County Sheriff Tom Allman, who received Halloween and Christmas cards from her every year. “I can’t imagine ever not having fun if Margaret was at an event.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stephenson was the last victim found after the fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"aligncenter\">\n\u003cdetails>\n\u003csummary>\u003cstrong>Read more about Margaret Stephenson\u003c/strong>\u003c/summary>\n\u003cp>Stephenson moved to Mendocino County in the 1970s with her husband, Raymond, who took a job as a manager at Mendo Mill & Lumber Co.. She briefly worked as a schoolteacher but devoted most of her life to helping her husband and maintaining their land. The couple were married roughly 60 years. They had no children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She and her husband came over with nothing, essentially,” said Mandi Hamilton, who became Margaret’s insurance agent and close friend after her husband died in 2015. “They worked hard, joined clubs and became an integral part of community.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She spoke so openly of her husband, Raymond, and how much she loved him,” Hamilton added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Soon after she met Stephenson, Hamilton said, the two of them hit it off and began calling each other every morning. About six months before the fire, Stephenson was diagnosed with cancer, but was responding well to treatment and remained very independent. Last summer, Hamilton taught her how to drive her husband's truck, which she had previously refused to touch. And to boost her spirits, Hamilton also recently gave her a cat, which she instantly fell in love with.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#top\">Return to top\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\u003c/details>\n\u003cp>\u003ca id=\"thomas\">\u003cbr>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Tamara Latrice Thomas, a San Francisco Native Who Perished in Assisted-Care Home\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Tamara Latrice Thomas, 47, was a native of San Francisco who split her time between her hometown and a board-and-care facility in the Coffey Park neighborhood of Santa Rosa, one of the areas ravaged by the Tubbs Fire early Oct. 9. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.pressdemocrat.com/news/7593757-181/pge-sued-in-santa-rosa?artslide=1\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Santa Rosa Press Democrat reported\u003c/a> Thomas, who was paralyzed, died after being unable to get out of her second-floor bedroom at the Crestview Court Residential Care Home. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED was unable to reach Thomas's family members for comment, but the Press Democrat reported her brother is suing PG&E for wrongful death, alleging the utility failed to maintain power lines that could have sparked the wind-whipped fire. The case was filed in Sonoma County Superior Court and seeks unspecified damages for pain and suffering. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#top\">Return to top\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003ca id=\"tunis\">\u003cbr>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Linda Tunis Was Close to Her Daughter Until the End\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In January 2017, Linda Tunis moved from Florida to Santa Rosa to be closer to her daughter, Jessica.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their time together in California was cut short. According to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Tubbs-Fire-claims-life-of-Linda-Tunis-a-recent-12271331.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">San Francisco Chronicle\u003c/a>, Linda Tunis called her daughter early the morning of Oct. 9 as the Tubbs Fire began burning her mobile home. “I was telling her I love her when the phone died,\" Jessica Tunis said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to an obituary published in \u003ca href=\"http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/bostonglobe/obituary.aspx?pid=187042018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Boston Globe\u003c/a>, Tunis loved going to the beach, playing bingo, traveling and going to the theater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#top\">Return to top\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/div>\u003c/div>\u003c/div>\u003c/div>\u003c/div>\u003c/div>\u003c/div>\u003c/div>\u003c/div>\u003c/div>\u003c/div>\u003c/div>\u003c/div>\u003c/div>\u003c/div>\u003c/div>\u003c/div>\u003c/div>\u003c/div>\u003c/div>\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11651196/remembering-those-lost-in-northern-californias-october-fires","authors":["236"],"programs":["news_6944","news_72"],"categories":["news_8"],"tags":["news_21774","news_22010","news_22012","news_17286"],"featImg":"news_11638820","label":"news_72","isLoading":false,"hasAllInfo":true}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. 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You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn","officialWebsiteLink":"/mindshift/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"2"},"link":"/podcasts/mindshift","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"}},"morning-edition":{"id":"morning-edition","title":"Morning Edition","info":"\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. 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On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. 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