Creating a Welcoming Environment for Linguistically Diverse Families of Students in Special Education
Using picture books and classroom dialogue to honor and respect students' names
How teachers can handle difficult requests from well-intentioned parents
How a “community-up” model of school relationships can nurture teacher agency
Relax: Your adult child is probably fine
Want to teach quality personal finance classes? Follow the 4 Cs
What parenting research really says about timeouts and how to use them
What to Say to Kids When The News Is Scary
What to say to kids about school shootings to ease their stress
window.__IS_SSR__=true
window.__INITIAL_STATE__={"attachmentsReducer":{"audio_0":{"type":"attachments","id":"audio_0","imgSizes":{"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background0.jpg"}}},"audio_1":{"type":"attachments","id":"audio_1","imgSizes":{"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background1.jpg"}}},"audio_2":{"type":"attachments","id":"audio_2","imgSizes":{"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background2.jpg"}}},"audio_3":{"type":"attachments","id":"audio_3","imgSizes":{"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background3.jpg"}}},"audio_4":{"type":"attachments","id":"audio_4","imgSizes":{"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background4.jpg"}}},"placeholder":{"type":"attachments","id":"placeholder","imgSizes":{"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-160x96.jpg","width":160,"height":96,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-800x478.jpg","width":800,"height":478,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-1020x610.jpg","width":1020,"height":610,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-lrg":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-1920x1148.jpg","width":1920,"height":1148,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-med":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-1180x705.jpg","width":1180,"height":705,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-sm":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-960x574.jpg","width":960,"height":574,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-672x372.jpg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-1038x576.jpg","width":1038,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xxsmall":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-240x143.jpg","width":240,"height":143,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xsmall":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-375x224.jpg","width":375,"height":224,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"small":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-520x311.jpg","width":520,"height":311,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xlarge":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-1180x705.jpg","width":1180,"height":705,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-1920x1148.jpg","width":1920,"height":1148,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-32":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-32x32.jpg","width":32,"height":32,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-50":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-50x50.jpg","width":50,"height":50,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-64":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-64x64.jpg","width":64,"height":64,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-96":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-96x96.jpg","width":96,"height":96,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-128":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-128x128.jpg","width":128,"height":128,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"detail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-150x150.jpg","width":150,"height":150,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-e1514998105161.jpg","width":1920,"height":1148}}},"mindshift_63153":{"type":"attachments","id":"mindshift_63153","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"mindshift","id":"63153","found":true},"title":null,"publishDate":1707838082,"status":"inherit","parent":63148,"modified":1707838188,"caption":null,"credit":"Tomwang112/iStock","altTag":"Father and young daughter both seen from behind as they approach the steps to a school. Girl wears a pink backpack and salmon colored dress. Her black hair is in a bun. Father wears white t-shirt and blue jeans.","description":null,"imgSizes":{"medium":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/iStock-485986512-800x533.jpg","width":800,"height":533,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"large":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/iStock-485986512-1020x680.jpg","width":1020,"height":680,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"thumbnail":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/iStock-485986512-160x107.jpg","width":160,"height":107,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium_large":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/iStock-485986512-768x512.jpg","width":768,"height":512,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"1536x1536":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/iStock-485986512-1536x1024.jpg","width":1536,"height":1024,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"2048x2048":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/iStock-485986512-2048x1365.jpg","width":2048,"height":1365,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/iStock-485986512-672x372.jpg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/iStock-485986512-1038x576.jpg","width":1038,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"full-width":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/iStock-485986512-1920x1280.jpg","width":1920,"height":1280,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/iStock-485986512.jpg","width":2121,"height":1414}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"mindshift_62674":{"type":"attachments","id":"mindshift_62674","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"mindshift","id":"62674","found":true},"title":"Creative design with human hands holding speech bubble symbolizing business cooperation and communication","publishDate":1698694650,"status":"inherit","parent":62672,"modified":1698694854,"caption":null,"credit":"Anton Vierietin/ iStock","altTag":"human hands holding a speech bubble","description":null,"imgSizes":{"medium":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/10/iStock-1370889139-800x612.jpg","width":800,"height":612,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/10/iStock-1370889139-1020x780.jpg","width":1020,"height":780,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/10/iStock-1370889139-160x122.jpg","width":160,"height":122,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium_large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/10/iStock-1370889139-768x587.jpg","width":768,"height":587,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"1536x1536":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/10/iStock-1370889139-1536x1174.jpg","width":1536,"height":1174,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/10/iStock-1370889139-672x372.jpg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/10/iStock-1370889139-1038x576.jpg","width":1038,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/10/iStock-1370889139-1920x1468.jpg","width":1920,"height":1468,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/10/iStock-1370889139.jpg","width":1980,"height":1514}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"mindshift_61913":{"type":"attachments","id":"mindshift_61913","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"mindshift","id":"61913","found":true},"title":"Consultation with school headmaster","publishDate":1687981295,"status":"inherit","parent":61909,"modified":1687981325,"caption":null,"credit":"JackF/ iStock","altTag":"Middle-aged woman and son having consultation with college teacher","description":null,"imgSizes":{"medium":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/06/iStock-917685146-800x410.jpg","width":800,"height":410,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/06/iStock-917685146-1020x523.jpg","width":1020,"height":523,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/06/iStock-917685146-160x82.jpg","width":160,"height":82,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium_large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/06/iStock-917685146-768x394.jpg","width":768,"height":394,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"1536x1536":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/06/iStock-917685146-1536x788.jpg","width":1536,"height":788,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"2048x2048":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/06/iStock-917685146-2048x1050.jpg","width":2048,"height":1050,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/06/iStock-917685146-672x372.jpg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/06/iStock-917685146-1038x576.jpg","width":1038,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/06/iStock-917685146-1920x985.jpg","width":1920,"height":985,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/06/iStock-917685146.jpg","width":2418,"height":1240}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"mindshift_61561":{"type":"attachments","id":"mindshift_61561","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"mindshift","id":"61561","found":true},"title":"People grow a flower plant in the pot","publishDate":1682971399,"status":"inherit","parent":61552,"modified":1682971447,"caption":null,"credit":"iStock/Guzaliia Filimonova","altTag":null,"description":null,"imgSizes":{"medium":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/05/iStock-1158752661-800x450.jpg","width":800,"height":450,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/05/iStock-1158752661-1020x574.jpg","width":1020,"height":574,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/05/iStock-1158752661-160x90.jpg","width":160,"height":90,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium_large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/05/iStock-1158752661-768x432.jpg","width":768,"height":432,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/05/iStock-1158752661-672x372.jpg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/05/iStock-1158752661-1038x576.jpg","width":1038,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/05/iStock-1158752661.jpg","width":1365,"height":768}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"mindshift_61500":{"type":"attachments","id":"mindshift_61500","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"mindshift","id":"61500","found":true},"title":"Group of happy friends taking selfie pic outside - Happy different young people having fun walking in city center - Youth lifestyle concept with guys and girls enjoying day out together","publishDate":1682275604,"status":"inherit","parent":61492,"modified":1682275672,"caption":null,"credit":"iStock/Kar-Tr","altTag":"Group of happy young adults taking selfie outside","description":null,"imgSizes":{"medium":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/iStock-1384618716-800x534.jpg","width":800,"height":534,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/iStock-1384618716-1020x681.jpg","width":1020,"height":681,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/iStock-1384618716-160x107.jpg","width":160,"height":107,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium_large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/iStock-1384618716-768x513.jpg","width":768,"height":513,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"1536x1536":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/iStock-1384618716-1536x1025.jpg","width":1536,"height":1025,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"2048x2048":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/iStock-1384618716-2048x1367.jpg","width":2048,"height":1367,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/iStock-1384618716-672x372.jpg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/iStock-1384618716-1038x576.jpg","width":1038,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/iStock-1384618716-1920x1282.jpg","width":1920,"height":1282,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/iStock-1384618716.jpg","width":2120,"height":1415}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"mindshift_61434":{"type":"attachments","id":"mindshift_61434","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"mindshift","id":"61434","found":true},"title":"Investment management concept","publishDate":1681746435,"status":"inherit","parent":61430,"modified":1681746516,"caption":null,"credit":"Rudzhan Nagiev/ iStock","altTag":"Investment management concept. Men and girls near large piles of coins, company or organization. Financial literacy and passive income, increase in earnings. Cartoon flat vector illustration","description":null,"imgSizes":{"medium":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/iStock-1393696396-800x516.jpg","width":800,"height":516,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/iStock-1393696396-1020x658.jpg","width":1020,"height":658,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/iStock-1393696396-160x103.jpg","width":160,"height":103,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium_large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/iStock-1393696396-768x495.jpg","width":768,"height":495,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"1536x1536":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/iStock-1393696396-1536x991.jpg","width":1536,"height":991,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"2048x2048":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/iStock-1393696396-2048x1321.jpg","width":2048,"height":1321,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/iStock-1393696396-672x372.jpg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/iStock-1393696396-1038x576.jpg","width":1038,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/iStock-1393696396-1920x1238.jpg","width":1920,"height":1238,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/iStock-1393696396.jpg","width":2155,"height":1390}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"mindshift_61403":{"type":"attachments","id":"mindshift_61403","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"mindshift","id":"61403","found":true},"title":"Mother Comforting Child Sitting on Sofa in Living Room. Mom and Son Talking of Problems, Parent Support and Embrace Boy","publishDate":1681258195,"status":"inherit","parent":61399,"modified":1681258218,"caption":null,"credit":"iStock/lemono","altTag":null,"description":null,"imgSizes":{"medium":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/iStock-lemono-800x634.jpg","width":800,"height":634,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/iStock-lemono-1020x809.jpg","width":1020,"height":809,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/iStock-lemono-160x127.jpg","width":160,"height":127,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium_large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/iStock-lemono-768x609.jpg","width":768,"height":609,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/iStock-lemono-672x372.jpg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/iStock-lemono-1038x576.jpg","width":1038,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/iStock-lemono.jpg","width":1150,"height":912}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"mindshift_59144":{"type":"attachments","id":"mindshift_59144","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"mindshift","id":"59144","found":true},"title":"How and when to keep your children aware of scary news, without traumatizing them.","publishDate":1645818235,"status":"inherit","parent":59143,"modified":1645818565,"caption":null,"credit":"LA Johnson/NPR","altTag":"Baby looking at breaking news of war on a screen","description":"How and when to keep your children aware of scary news, without traumatizing them.","imgSizes":{"medium":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2022/02/ljohnson-lifekit-scarynews_custom-c0ae8b1bbb30d6142d0b9279683459c4d9ad7055-800x499.jpg","width":800,"height":499,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2022/02/ljohnson-lifekit-scarynews_custom-c0ae8b1bbb30d6142d0b9279683459c4d9ad7055-1020x637.jpg","width":1020,"height":637,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2022/02/ljohnson-lifekit-scarynews_custom-c0ae8b1bbb30d6142d0b9279683459c4d9ad7055-160x100.jpg","width":160,"height":100,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium_large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2022/02/ljohnson-lifekit-scarynews_custom-c0ae8b1bbb30d6142d0b9279683459c4d9ad7055-768x479.jpg","width":768,"height":479,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"1536x1536":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2022/02/ljohnson-lifekit-scarynews_custom-c0ae8b1bbb30d6142d0b9279683459c4d9ad7055-1536x959.jpg","width":1536,"height":959,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"2048x2048":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2022/02/ljohnson-lifekit-scarynews_custom-c0ae8b1bbb30d6142d0b9279683459c4d9ad7055-2048x1278.jpg","width":2048,"height":1278,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2022/02/ljohnson-lifekit-scarynews_custom-c0ae8b1bbb30d6142d0b9279683459c4d9ad7055-672x372.jpg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2022/02/ljohnson-lifekit-scarynews_custom-c0ae8b1bbb30d6142d0b9279683459c4d9ad7055-1038x576.jpg","width":1038,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2022/02/ljohnson-lifekit-scarynews_custom-c0ae8b1bbb30d6142d0b9279683459c4d9ad7055-1920x1198.jpg","width":1920,"height":1198,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2022/02/ljohnson-lifekit-scarynews_custom-c0ae8b1bbb30d6142d0b9279683459c4d9ad7055-scaled-e1645818528298.jpg","width":1920,"height":1199}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"mindshift_59434":{"type":"attachments","id":"mindshift_59434","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"mindshift","id":"59434","found":true},"title":"Nineteen children and two adults were killed during the shooting at Robb Elementary School in Uvalde, Texas. Parents are struggling to cope with the loss and with how to explain it to their children.","publishDate":1653597044,"status":"inherit","parent":59433,"modified":1653597115,"caption":"Nineteen children and two adults were killed during the shooting at Robb Elementary School in Uvalde, Texas. Parents are struggling to cope with the loss and with how to explain it to their children.\n","credit":"Allison Dinner/AFP via Getty Images","altTag":"Nineteen children and two adults were killed during the shooting at Robb Elementary School in Uvalde, Texas. Parents are struggling to cope with the loss and with how to explain it to their children.","description":null,"imgSizes":{"medium":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2022/05/gettyimages-1240883016_custom-3d77aab713e6a3c471f3795321935912c07c35c4-1-800x528.jpg","width":800,"height":528,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2022/05/gettyimages-1240883016_custom-3d77aab713e6a3c471f3795321935912c07c35c4-1-1020x673.jpg","width":1020,"height":673,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2022/05/gettyimages-1240883016_custom-3d77aab713e6a3c471f3795321935912c07c35c4-1-160x106.jpg","width":160,"height":106,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium_large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2022/05/gettyimages-1240883016_custom-3d77aab713e6a3c471f3795321935912c07c35c4-1-768x506.jpg","width":768,"height":506,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"1536x1536":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2022/05/gettyimages-1240883016_custom-3d77aab713e6a3c471f3795321935912c07c35c4-1-1536x1013.jpg","width":1536,"height":1013,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"2048x2048":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2022/05/gettyimages-1240883016_custom-3d77aab713e6a3c471f3795321935912c07c35c4-1-2048x1351.jpg","width":2048,"height":1351,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2022/05/gettyimages-1240883016_custom-3d77aab713e6a3c471f3795321935912c07c35c4-1-672x372.jpg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2022/05/gettyimages-1240883016_custom-3d77aab713e6a3c471f3795321935912c07c35c4-1-1038x576.jpg","width":1038,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2022/05/gettyimages-1240883016_custom-3d77aab713e6a3c471f3795321935912c07c35c4-1-1920x1266.jpg","width":1920,"height":1266,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2022/05/gettyimages-1240883016_custom-3d77aab713e6a3c471f3795321935912c07c35c4-1-scaled-e1653597076355.jpg","width":1920,"height":1266}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false}},"audioPlayerReducer":{"postId":"stream_live"},"authorsReducer":{"byline_mindshift_61399":{"type":"authors","id":"byline_mindshift_61399","meta":{"override":true},"slug":"byline_mindshift_61399","name":"Cara Goodwin, \u003ca href=\"https://parentingtranslator.org\" target=\"_blank\">The Parenting Translator\u003c/a>","isLoading":false},"byline_mindshift_59143":{"type":"authors","id":"byline_mindshift_59143","meta":{"override":true},"slug":"byline_mindshift_59143","name":"Anya Kamenetz and Cory Turner","isLoading":false},"byline_mindshift_59433":{"type":"authors","id":"byline_mindshift_59433","meta":{"override":true},"slug":"byline_mindshift_59433","name":"Allison Aubrey","isLoading":false},"mindshift":{"type":"authors","id":"4354","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"4354","found":true},"name":"MindShift","firstName":"MindShift","lastName":null,"slug":"mindshift","email":"tina@barseghian.com","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":null,"avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ae7f1f73a229130205aa5f57b55eaf16?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"arts","roles":["author"]},{"site":"mindshift","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"MindShift | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ae7f1f73a229130205aa5f57b55eaf16?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ae7f1f73a229130205aa5f57b55eaf16?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/mindshift"},"lindaflan":{"type":"authors","id":"4613","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"4613","found":true},"name":"Linda Flanagan","firstName":"Linda","lastName":"Flanagan","slug":"lindaflan","email":"lindaflan@comcast.net","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"Linda Flanagan is a freelance writer, researcher, and editor. Her work has appeared in The Atlantic, The Wall St. Journal, Newsweek, Running Times, and Mind/Shift, and she blogs regularly for the Huffington Post. Linda writes about education, culture, athletics, youth sports, mental health, politics, college admissions, and other curiosities. She also reviews books and conducts interviews.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/6bca04c0736bf5eaea80654019de688f?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"LindaFlanagan2","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"mindshift","roles":["contributor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Linda Flanagan | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/6bca04c0736bf5eaea80654019de688f?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/6bca04c0736bf5eaea80654019de688f?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/lindaflan"},"ngobir":{"type":"authors","id":"11721","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"11721","found":true},"name":"Nimah Gobir","firstName":"Nimah","lastName":"Gobir","slug":"ngobir","email":"ngobir@kqed.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":"KQED Contributor","bio":null,"avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e08e101e43fc79cc7bcd0c19038d7d08?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"mindshift","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Nimah Gobir | KQED","description":"KQED Contributor","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e08e101e43fc79cc7bcd0c19038d7d08?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e08e101e43fc79cc7bcd0c19038d7d08?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/ngobir"},"mjacksonretondo":{"type":"authors","id":"11759","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"11759","found":true},"name":"Marlena Jackson-Retondo","firstName":"Marlena","lastName":"Jackson-Retondo","slug":"mjacksonretondo","email":"mjacksonretondo@kqed.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":"Engagement Producer","bio":"Marlena Jackson-Retondo is the engagement producer for KQED's \u003cem>Forum \u003c/em>and \u003cem>Mindshift\u003c/em>. Prior to joining the team in 2022, Marlena was an intern with the KQED Digital News Engagement team. She grew up in the Bay Area.\u003cem> \u003c/em>","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/94ab429312e9a676559e31d1894130df?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"arts","roles":["author"]},{"site":"news","roles":["contributor"]},{"site":"forum","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Marlena Jackson-Retondo | KQED","description":"Engagement Producer","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/94ab429312e9a676559e31d1894130df?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/94ab429312e9a676559e31d1894130df?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/mjacksonretondo"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"home","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"mindshift_63148":{"type":"posts","id":"mindshift_63148","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"mindshift","id":"63148","score":null,"sort":[1709722854000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"creating-a-welcoming-environment-for-linguistically-diverse-families-of-students-in-special-education","title":"Creating a Welcoming Environment for Linguistically Diverse Families of Students in Special Education","publishDate":1709722854,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Creating a Welcoming Environment for Linguistically Diverse Families of Students in Special Education | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"mindshift"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In her recent book, \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781538180365/Partnering-with-Culturally-and-Linguistically-Diverse-Families-in-Special-Education\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Partnering with Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Families in Special Education\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Kristin Vogel-C\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">a\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">mpbell\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> notes the difficulties that parents of students with disabilities face when there is a language barrier. \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.smfcsd.net/our-district/communication/news/default-board-post-page/~board/suptcommsboard-district-news/post/kristin-vogel-campbell-of-smfcsd-recognized-with-national-award-for-equity-in-education\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Vogel-Campbell\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, a 20-year veteran of special education, has seen a higher level of agency, access and knowledge of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/tag/special-education\">special education system\u003c/a> among white and English-speaking parents of children with disabilities. Families that don’t fall into these identities often lack the social and cultural capital to effectively advocate for their children within a bureaucratic system. For example, families who have access to resources like attorneys or legal advocates may be better able to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/58633/this-is-not-inclusive-some-students-with-disabilities-are-going-without-as-districts-scale-back-virtual-programs\">ensure their children receive the special education services\u003c/a> they need. “There are free and low-cost advocacy and attorneys, but their bandwidth is totally spread thin,” Vogel-Campbell said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Additionally, even though all parents and families have the \u003ca href=\"https://sites.ed.gov/idea/regs/b/d/300.322/e\">right to qualified interpretation\u003c/a>, schools can have difficulty finding interpreters that can accurately convey academic language during meetings about a student’s individualized education plan (IEP). According to Vogel-Campbell, not providing proper interpretation services during communication between educators and parents can break trust and delay the implementation of an IEP.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Though not all of these issues are within individual educators’ control, when special education teachers recognize these barriers, they can \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED/status/1751597264210911576/photo/1\">think creatively\u003c/a> about how to connect with and support families who speak languages other than English. Jeremy Jarvi and Ben Simson, two special education teachers who work with Vogel-Campbell in California’s San Mateo-Foster City School District, shared some of their strategies for doing just that. From using Google Translate, to creating systems of outreach and advocacy, Jarvi, Simson and Vogel-Campbell are dedicated to fostering a welcoming environment for the families of students with disabilities. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Overcoming language barriers during the IEP process\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">According to Vogel-Campbell, the IEP process is very structured, and doesn’t provide parents an opportunity to share their specific hopes for their children. Language barriers and lack of trust can exacerbate this issue. For example, when a teacher makes eye contact only with an interpreter, rather than the parent, this doesn’t communicate respect towards the families of the students being discussed, said Vogel-Campbell.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">While Vogel-Campbell’s school district obtains Spanish interpreter services relatively quickly, and is required to offer no-cost interpretation for all non-English speaking parents, she said that it may take up to a month to coordinate an interpreter of languages less frequently spoken in the area. \u003c/span>Vogel-Campbell suggested that educators make small efforts throughout the school year to reach out to parents in their preferred language. For instance, teachers can introduce themselves or greet a family in their native language, even if the rest of the meeting relies on an interpreter. Doing so communicates respect and eagerness to connect with those parents, said Vogel-Campbell. She urged educators to recognize that even if parents don’t understand the dominant language spoken by the teacher it “doesn’t mean that they’re not a source of knowledge and information for their students.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Jarvi and Simson both regularly use \u003ca href=\"https://translate.google.com/\">Google translate\u003c/a> to communicate with non-English speaking parents. Jarvi, whose classroom consists of nine kindergarten through third graders with moderate to severe disabilities, tries to translate all IEPs using Google Translate. He said that translating it himself for parents is often faster than sending it through the district for a translation, which he said can take up to two weeks to complete. \u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2023/immigrant-parents-report-faulty-slow-translation-of-special-education-documents/700531\">Monthslong waits for IEP translations, as well as poor translations, are common across California\u003c/a>, according to EdSource. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Jarvi said that the longer parents have to wait for the IEP document, the more drawn out the process is for parental consent, signature and implementation. “We want it to have a quick turnaround for consent and implementation, because the longer it takes for the parent to consent, the less time the child has to meet the goals,” he said. Without an IEP signed by a parent, the educator has to continue curriculum based off of the most recently signed IEP, which can be a year out of date. The quicker special education teachers can sit down with parents with an agreed upon IEP, the less likely students are to fall behind in meeting their curriculum goals whether those are academic or functional life skills.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Communicating effectively with families\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Jarvi and Simson have implemented similar strategies to close the communication gap between themselves and their students’ parents. Simson, who works with middle school students, uses Google Translate to send and receive text messages and emails to and from parents. His classroom consists of families that speak English and Spanish. He tells parents that he has no problem translating on his end and he lets them take the lead on which language to use. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Jarvi also uses Google Translate as much as he can to communicate with parents of his students that might speak a primary language at home other than English. Over the years, he has worked with families who speak Khmer, Cambodian, Japanese and Spanish. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Continuing to build those relationships with parents, Simson approaches IEP meetings wondering how he can foster an authentic connection with the family to solidify the partnership between educator and parent. He also texts or calls parents every couple of days with positive news about their student and encourages parents to praise their children. If the student has an obstacle to overcome, Simson makes sure to collaborate with parents to come up with a redirection or constructive solution to the problem. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Teachers might interpret parental deference to educators’ ideas as disengagement, but in her book Vogel-Campbell highlighted a diversity of non-Western cultural beliefs that may shape parents’ interactions with the school system. She said it’s important to recognize those differences and emphasize ways that parents can advocate for their children in the U.S. education system. Jarvi, who often speaks with parents who are new to the IEP process, makes sure to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/52468/helping-families-ask-questions-could-be-your-most-powerful-engagement-tool\">create lasting relationships with parents\u003c/a> in the hopes that they continue advocacy for their children after they leave his classroom. In his weekly communications home, he offers a variety of messaging styles from a traditional email to text messages that consist of a smiley face or frowny face. Although he said it can take some trial and error, Jarvi works to tailor his communication to a parent’s bandwidth and to smooth out any challenges.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Translation resources and multilingual services for families\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Vogel-Campbell also shared some resources that her district uses for communicating with families speaking different languages. One is \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.parentsquare.com/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Parent Square\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, a communication tool designed for use in K-12 education that educators, administrators and district officials use to translate memos into more than 100 languages. Some teachers in Vogel-Campbell’s district also use \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.remind.com/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Remind\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, an education communication platform with two-way texting translation capabilities. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">If parents ask educators for resources regarding support and advocacy, Vogel-Campbell recommended the organization \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://supportforfamilies.org/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Support For Families\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, which is based in San Francisco but offers many online resources, such as introductions to different diagnoses. Vogel-Campbell also recommended connecting families to parent centers that offer multilingual services and resources to families of children with disabilities. Parent centers can be found by location at \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.parentcenterhub.org/find-your-center/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">https://www.parentcenterhub.org/find-your-center\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Vogel-Campbell’s district also has recently partnered with \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.footsteps2brilliance.com/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Footsteps To Brilliance\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, a bilingual app that can be used by families to continue literacy lessons at home.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"When teachers recognize the barriers for non-English-speaking families in special education, they can think creatively about outreach.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1712330187,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":18,"wordCount":1279},"headData":{"title":"Creating a Welcoming Environment for Linguistically Diverse Families of Students in Special Education | KQED","description":"When teachers recognize the barriers for non-English-speaking families in special education, they can think creatively about outreach.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","socialDescription":"When teachers recognize the barriers for non-English-speaking families in special education, they can think creatively about outreach.","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Creating a Welcoming Environment for Linguistically Diverse Families of Students in Special Education","datePublished":"2024-03-06T11:00:54.000Z","dateModified":"2024-04-05T15:16:27.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/mindshift/63148/creating-a-welcoming-environment-for-linguistically-diverse-families-of-students-in-special-education","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In her recent book, \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781538180365/Partnering-with-Culturally-and-Linguistically-Diverse-Families-in-Special-Education\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Partnering with Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Families in Special Education\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Kristin Vogel-C\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">a\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">mpbell\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> notes the difficulties that parents of students with disabilities face when there is a language barrier. \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.smfcsd.net/our-district/communication/news/default-board-post-page/~board/suptcommsboard-district-news/post/kristin-vogel-campbell-of-smfcsd-recognized-with-national-award-for-equity-in-education\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Vogel-Campbell\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, a 20-year veteran of special education, has seen a higher level of agency, access and knowledge of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/tag/special-education\">special education system\u003c/a> among white and English-speaking parents of children with disabilities. Families that don’t fall into these identities often lack the social and cultural capital to effectively advocate for their children within a bureaucratic system. For example, families who have access to resources like attorneys or legal advocates may be better able to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/58633/this-is-not-inclusive-some-students-with-disabilities-are-going-without-as-districts-scale-back-virtual-programs\">ensure their children receive the special education services\u003c/a> they need. “There are free and low-cost advocacy and attorneys, but their bandwidth is totally spread thin,” Vogel-Campbell said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Additionally, even though all parents and families have the \u003ca href=\"https://sites.ed.gov/idea/regs/b/d/300.322/e\">right to qualified interpretation\u003c/a>, schools can have difficulty finding interpreters that can accurately convey academic language during meetings about a student’s individualized education plan (IEP). According to Vogel-Campbell, not providing proper interpretation services during communication between educators and parents can break trust and delay the implementation of an IEP.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Though not all of these issues are within individual educators’ control, when special education teachers recognize these barriers, they can \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED/status/1751597264210911576/photo/1\">think creatively\u003c/a> about how to connect with and support families who speak languages other than English. Jeremy Jarvi and Ben Simson, two special education teachers who work with Vogel-Campbell in California’s San Mateo-Foster City School District, shared some of their strategies for doing just that. From using Google Translate, to creating systems of outreach and advocacy, Jarvi, Simson and Vogel-Campbell are dedicated to fostering a welcoming environment for the families of students with disabilities. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Overcoming language barriers during the IEP process\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">According to Vogel-Campbell, the IEP process is very structured, and doesn’t provide parents an opportunity to share their specific hopes for their children. Language barriers and lack of trust can exacerbate this issue. For example, when a teacher makes eye contact only with an interpreter, rather than the parent, this doesn’t communicate respect towards the families of the students being discussed, said Vogel-Campbell.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">While Vogel-Campbell’s school district obtains Spanish interpreter services relatively quickly, and is required to offer no-cost interpretation for all non-English speaking parents, she said that it may take up to a month to coordinate an interpreter of languages less frequently spoken in the area. \u003c/span>Vogel-Campbell suggested that educators make small efforts throughout the school year to reach out to parents in their preferred language. For instance, teachers can introduce themselves or greet a family in their native language, even if the rest of the meeting relies on an interpreter. Doing so communicates respect and eagerness to connect with those parents, said Vogel-Campbell. She urged educators to recognize that even if parents don’t understand the dominant language spoken by the teacher it “doesn’t mean that they’re not a source of knowledge and information for their students.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Jarvi and Simson both regularly use \u003ca href=\"https://translate.google.com/\">Google translate\u003c/a> to communicate with non-English speaking parents. Jarvi, whose classroom consists of nine kindergarten through third graders with moderate to severe disabilities, tries to translate all IEPs using Google Translate. He said that translating it himself for parents is often faster than sending it through the district for a translation, which he said can take up to two weeks to complete. \u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2023/immigrant-parents-report-faulty-slow-translation-of-special-education-documents/700531\">Monthslong waits for IEP translations, as well as poor translations, are common across California\u003c/a>, according to EdSource. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Jarvi said that the longer parents have to wait for the IEP document, the more drawn out the process is for parental consent, signature and implementation. “We want it to have a quick turnaround for consent and implementation, because the longer it takes for the parent to consent, the less time the child has to meet the goals,” he said. Without an IEP signed by a parent, the educator has to continue curriculum based off of the most recently signed IEP, which can be a year out of date. The quicker special education teachers can sit down with parents with an agreed upon IEP, the less likely students are to fall behind in meeting their curriculum goals whether those are academic or functional life skills.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Communicating effectively with families\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Jarvi and Simson have implemented similar strategies to close the communication gap between themselves and their students’ parents. Simson, who works with middle school students, uses Google Translate to send and receive text messages and emails to and from parents. His classroom consists of families that speak English and Spanish. He tells parents that he has no problem translating on his end and he lets them take the lead on which language to use. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Jarvi also uses Google Translate as much as he can to communicate with parents of his students that might speak a primary language at home other than English. Over the years, he has worked with families who speak Khmer, Cambodian, Japanese and Spanish. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Continuing to build those relationships with parents, Simson approaches IEP meetings wondering how he can foster an authentic connection with the family to solidify the partnership between educator and parent. He also texts or calls parents every couple of days with positive news about their student and encourages parents to praise their children. If the student has an obstacle to overcome, Simson makes sure to collaborate with parents to come up with a redirection or constructive solution to the problem. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Teachers might interpret parental deference to educators’ ideas as disengagement, but in her book Vogel-Campbell highlighted a diversity of non-Western cultural beliefs that may shape parents’ interactions with the school system. She said it’s important to recognize those differences and emphasize ways that parents can advocate for their children in the U.S. education system. Jarvi, who often speaks with parents who are new to the IEP process, makes sure to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/52468/helping-families-ask-questions-could-be-your-most-powerful-engagement-tool\">create lasting relationships with parents\u003c/a> in the hopes that they continue advocacy for their children after they leave his classroom. In his weekly communications home, he offers a variety of messaging styles from a traditional email to text messages that consist of a smiley face or frowny face. Although he said it can take some trial and error, Jarvi works to tailor his communication to a parent’s bandwidth and to smooth out any challenges.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Translation resources and multilingual services for families\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Vogel-Campbell also shared some resources that her district uses for communicating with families speaking different languages. One is \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.parentsquare.com/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Parent Square\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, a communication tool designed for use in K-12 education that educators, administrators and district officials use to translate memos into more than 100 languages. Some teachers in Vogel-Campbell’s district also use \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.remind.com/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Remind\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, an education communication platform with two-way texting translation capabilities. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">If parents ask educators for resources regarding support and advocacy, Vogel-Campbell recommended the organization \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://supportforfamilies.org/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Support For Families\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, which is based in San Francisco but offers many online resources, such as introductions to different diagnoses. Vogel-Campbell also recommended connecting families to parent centers that offer multilingual services and resources to families of children with disabilities. Parent centers can be found by location at \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.parentcenterhub.org/find-your-center/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">https://www.parentcenterhub.org/find-your-center\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Vogel-Campbell’s district also has recently partnered with \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.footsteps2brilliance.com/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Footsteps To Brilliance\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, a bilingual app that can be used by families to continue literacy lessons at home.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/mindshift/63148/creating-a-welcoming-environment-for-linguistically-diverse-families-of-students-in-special-education","authors":["11759"],"categories":["mindshift_21512","mindshift_21385","mindshift_21579","mindshift_193"],"tags":["mindshift_21250","mindshift_21036","mindshift_21471","mindshift_21718","mindshift_20851","mindshift_397","mindshift_21416","mindshift_21707","mindshift_21230","mindshift_163","mindshift_231","mindshift_20934"],"featImg":"mindshift_63153","label":"mindshift"},"mindshift_62672":{"type":"posts","id":"mindshift_62672","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"mindshift","id":"62672","score":null,"sort":[1698886371000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"using-picture-books-and-classroom-dialogue-to-honor-and-respect-students-name","title":"Using picture books and classroom dialogue to honor and respect students' names","publishDate":1698886371,"format":"audio","headTitle":"Using picture books and classroom dialogue to honor and respect students’ names | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"mindshift"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"#episode-transcript\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">View the full episode transcript.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Enunciated syllables, slow speech and spelling — these are the adjustments some students find themselves making as \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/52183/teachers-strategies-for-pronouncing-and-remembering-students-names-correctly\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">they introduce themselves to their teachers each school year\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. For these students, whose names might be misspelled in emails or autocorrected in text messages, this annual ritual carries significance. It often determines what they will be called for the entire school year. “This is a matter children feel strongly about, yet adults aren’t always as attentive to,” said elementary school teacher \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/jenorr?ref_src=twsrc%5Egoogle%7Ctwcamp%5Eserp%7Ctwgr%5Eauthor\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Jennifer Orr\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">According to a \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">2011 study\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">,\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> daily mispronunciations of names are microaggressions that can significantly affect \u003ca href=\"https://www.sjsu.edu/people/marcos.pizarro/courses/185/s1/Names.pdf\">students’ self-perception and sense of belonging\u003c/a>.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Names are one of the topics covered in \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://stenhouse.com/products/9781625315755_were-gonna-keep-on-talking\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">We’re Gonna Keep on Talking\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, which Orr co-authored with Philadelphia educator \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MattRKay?ref_src=twsrc%5Egoogle%7Ctwcamp%5Eserp%7Ctwgr%5Eauthor\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Matthew R. Kay\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. The book guides educators through how to foster meaningful conversations about race with elementary school students. The names unit, which Orr has done about five times over the last 15 years, uses books to initiate discussions within the classroom. The authors recommend how to structure partner and class dialogues and how to create a supportive environment for students to share their experiences related to names. The unit also encourages students to delve deeper into their own identities by gathering information about their names from their families.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">While Kay’s previous work, \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://stenhouse.com/products/9781625310989_not-light-but-fire\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Not Light, But Fire\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, explored how to facilitate discussions about race with high schoolers, this sequel tailors the approach to the needs of younger learners. “You don’t get [elementary school] kids’ attention for 45 minutes, even in the upper grades. That’s a long period of time for a child to stay focused,” said Orr. “These discussions have to happen over months instead of class periods.” Regardless of grade level, Kay and Orr agreed that these are conversations children are eager to have.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>Exploring names through engaging books\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Orr said it’s important to create a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/59104/identity-mastery-belonging-and-efficacy-four-ways-student-agency-can-flourish\">supportive and inclusive classroom community\u003c/a> before getting into discussions about names. “I don’t want kids to end up feeling raw or vulnerable because we haven’t built the space for that kind of a conversation,” she said. It’s crucial to establish foundations of trust and effective communication even with students one may have taught in previous years. According to Kay, a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/61775/how-important-was-your-favorite-teacher-to-your-success-researchers-have-done-the-math\">strong teacher-student rapport\u003c/a> should never be taken for granted. As he put it, “You can’t spend last year’s currency.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Orr’s approach includes practicing active listening and respectful engagement with her students. She often does interactive read-alouds, pausing at planned points while reading picture books to encourage and hone students’ discussion and listening skills. Orr uses books to open the door to the conversation. “There are children’s books coming out all the time on names in a way that is so exciting,” she said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.candlewick.com/cat.asp?mode=book&isbn=0763693553&browse=Title\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Alma and How She Got Her Name\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">by Juana Martinez-Neal is one of Orr’s go-to books for kicking off the unit. In this book, Alma Sofia Esperanza José Pura Candela wants to know why she has so many names. Her father explains how she got each one. After the character Alma is introduced, Orr asks students to share their thoughts about her name. “Does it seem too long?” Students will often use this opportunity to relate in with comments like “I’m named after my grandma too!” She also stops for discussion halfway through \u003c/span>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Alma and How She Got Her Name\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> so students have the opportunity to discuss with a partner. “What do you think of Alma’s name now?” Orr asks. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Another book that Orr uses is \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.theinnovationpress.com/your-name-is-a-song\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Your Name Is a Song\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> by Jamilah Thompkins-Bigelow and Luisa Uribe. The book follows a young girl who is upset that no one is pronouncing her name correctly. The main character’s mom teaches her about the musicality of names from other cultures. The story resonates with students, bridging the common experience of name mispronunciation. Through these books, students begin to grasp that names can carry rich histories, Orr said. In all, each read-aloud and discussion takes about 25 minutes, so that her young students don’t get bored or restless.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>Extending conversations beyond the classroom\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Books also serve as a catalyst for taking the conversation beyond the classroom walls. Recognizing the importance of\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www2.ed.gov/documents/family-community/partners-education.pdf\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> collaboration between school and home in nurturing a child’s sense of identity\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, she suggests that students go home and initiate discussions with their families about the significance and stories behind their names. This part of the unit can lead to self exploration for students and open up a window to their parents’ decisions, according to Kay. Orr proactively reaches out to families to inform them about the discussions taking place in class, so they won’t be blindsided by their child’s questions. She emphasizes that participation in these conversations at home is optional, as is sharing in class. “They can make it fit their comfort level,” Orr said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"200\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"https://playlist.megaphone.fm/?e=KQINC1058124335&light=true\" width=\"100%\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In class, Orr and Kay recommend starting the next conversation with “Who wants to share what they’ve learned about their name from their family?” This dialogue allows students to share their newfound understanding and feelings about their names. Orr is often surprised by the unique stories and experiences that students bring forward. Some Latino students have told her that other teachers Americanized their names. For example, instead of “David,” where the “i” is pronounced with a long “e” sound, a teacher might use the flat “i” like the sound in zip. She also remembered a fifth grader one year who was a recent immigrant from China. “I swear she spent a week trying to get me to say her name properly,” she admitted. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Orr noted that elementary school students will often just accept the way their name is pronounced until they have this conversation in class. She said that name discussions may not always result in kids being able to advocate for themselves but they become more likely to advocate for other students. “That power between adults and kids is still so strong. And yet, on behalf of someone else, they’ll stand up to that power and they’ll make it clear that actually, no, that’s not how you say it.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">As a high school teacher, Kay is excited by the prospect of not being the first one to have conversations about identity and culture with students. “I can see the inquiry seeds,” he said. Orr and Kay envision a future where elementary school teachers continue to introduce these conversations, paving the way for students to advocate for the pronunciation of their names as well as for the respect and recognition of others’ identities.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Editor’s note: This story was updated to include the name of the illustrator of \u003c/em>Your Name Is a Song.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 id=\"episode-transcript\">Episode Transcript\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This is a computer-generated transcript. While our team has reviewed it, there may be errors.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/strong> Welcome to MindShift, the podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids. I’m Nimah Gobir.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nimah Gobir: \u003c/strong> Matthew R. Kay is a high school English teacher in Philadelphia. He’s also the author behind the book \u003cem>Not Light, But Fire. \u003c/em>And he knows how to spark meaningful conversations with high schoolers. In the book, he shares a lesson that’s an absolute hit with his students. And it’s all about their names\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cstrong>Matthew R. Kay: \u003c/strong> I think every teacher has that one lesson where like, if you’re going to observe me, I’m going to look like a rock star. Like the principal walks through, you’re like, “Say less. I got this”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cstrong>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/strong> This is your knock it out of the park lesson? \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cstrong>Matthew R. Kay:\u003c/strong> Oh, easy, easy. This is the one where the kids are lined up afterwards to say they didn’t get a chance to share. This is the one where I have to apologize to my colleagues. I’m like, “What can I do? I’m sorry.” It’s so juicy and it feels so good. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/strong> Matt teamed up with elementary school teacher Jennifer Orr for their new book, \u003cem>We’re Gonna Keep on Talking.\u003c/em> They’ve taken lessons from his high school teaching experience and tailored them for younger students. Today’s episode features a conversation about how Matt’s lesson about names looks in Jen’s elementary school classroom. We’ll get into that conversation after the break\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/strong> Matt, you wrote \u003cem>Not Light But Fire\u003c/em> about your experience teaching in high school classrooms a few years ago. Can you tell me about your decision to add \u003cem>We’re Gonna Keep On Talking\u003c/em> to the canon?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cstrong>Matthew R. Kay:\u003c/strong> One of the biggest thing that was asked of me, teachers would come up to me and they would say, When are you going to come up with the elementary books? And that was something that I normally kind of brushed aside. Like I respected it, but I was kind of like, well, you know, never because I’m not an elementary teacher. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> But I feel like what separated \u003cem>Not Light\u003c/em> was my storytelling . \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">And I feel like that’s the part that’s hardest for someone who doesn’t teach high school — the actual visualization of what does this conversation look like? \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">That’s why I decided to see if I could find an elementary teacher who could who could help with that. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/strong> Jen, this book is all about your experience in the classroom with elementary school students. There’s a part where you talk about a lesson on students’ names, and it’s different from the lesson that Matt uses with his students. Can you tell me how you scaffold this conversation for younger kids?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cstrong>Jennifer Orr: \u003c/strong> Sure. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">I’ve taught in several different schools in my school district and in almost all of them. There have been kids who have really struggled with their with name, pronunciation, children whose who they or their families had emigrated to this country. And their names do not fit our kind of Americanized way of saying things. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cstrong>Jennifer Orr:\u003c/strong> And as many things are in my elementary classroom and in many, it’s tied into a lot of literature. So there’s several different books that we read throughout the course of the unit and really talk through things through the lens of the books as a way to kind of open the door to the conversation and then make it much more personal.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cstrong>Jennifer Orr: \u003c/strong> It was always designed around discussing kids first names. Where does your name come from? What does your name mean? Knowing that some families may not want to have that conversation. Keeping it open ended for kids they could choose to share or not share. The conversation then grew into last names as well as kids started to notice things about each other’s last names, \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> noticing kind of beginning to really build an understanding of why people are names and what those what weight is carried in names and where that can carry history as well as for your own self. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nimah Gobir: \u003c/strong> Talking about names can get vulnerable because it can bring up stuff about race and identity. What are some strategies that can teachers use to ensure students feel valued in conversations like these and respected by not only you as the teacher, but also the other kids in the room.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cstrong>Jennifer Orr:\u003c/strong> That’s a huge question because none of this works if we don’t start from that point. A\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">t the start of each school year. It’s not only important that we build that community within our classroom, which is huge and crucial, and we talk about some different ways to do that in the book, but also to build that community with our colleagues and with the families of our students because we’re all going to be involved in this. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cstrong>Jennifer Orr:\u003c/strong> Even the conversation around names, in my classroom, it doesn’t happen in the first week of school because we haven’t had a chance yet to build that community. I don’t want kids to end up feeling raw or vulnerable because we haven’t built that space for that kind of a conversation before we have it. So we have to be careful that we’re not jumping into it too soon. T\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">hat may or may not be true for Matt…\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cstrong>Matthew R. Kay:\u003c/strong> To be honest, it’s the same in in secondary. I\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">n one of my PD sessions to talk about myths about safe spaces and one of them is that it’s permanent. Ou\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">r metaphors that we use for safe spaces like building and stuff like that probably need a little bit of work because it like leads to the assumption that you build it and then it’s built right. But it’s really it’s more about building and maintaining and maintaining and maintaining. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cstrong>Matthew R. Kay:\u003c/strong> You can you can’t spend last year’s currency like the kids I’m about to meet in a month, it’s best for me to assume that they don’t know me from a can of paint , even if I work with them last year. Because who knows what happened this summer. They could be a different kid. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nimah Gobir\u003c/strong>: So what I’m hearing is that it takes intentional time and you actually keep spending that time. You don’t get to just bank it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cstrong>Jennifer Orr:\u003c/strong> I think that’s true of almost anything in a classroom. You spend the start of the school year setting all of these things up and making sure they’re established but that doesn’t mean you’re done with it.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/strong> Jen, you mentioned that this unit takes a lot more time at the elementary school level because you’re working with little ones who – let’s be honest, can have a really short attention span. I love the idea of using books to initiate that broad conversation and then slowly getting more and more focused. Can you tell me some of the picture books that you read during this unit?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cstrong>Jennifer Orr: \u003c/strong> \u003cem>My Name Is a Song\u003c/em>, which is a beautiful one of a young girl who is complaining about how no one pronounces her name correctly. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> And her mom really sort of reassuring her about the way that that names are songs and how beautiful that is. And by the end of the book, I’m not sure if she’s fully convinced of the beauty of it and the fact that she knows her name is still going to be mispronounced, but she definitely has some reassurance\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cstrong>Jennifer Orr:\u003c/strong> Another one is Juana Martinez Neal’s book, \u003cem>Alma and How She Got Her Name\u003c/em>. And Alma has I can’t remember it now, you know, maybe six or seven names in her name. And the book is her father explaining to her where each of those names came from, which is our great introduction into then talking about where did your name come from and inviting children and their families into that conversation through that book.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/strong> Something I’ve heard you say is that nothing happens at the elementary school level without getting families involved. How do you involve parents and caregivers in this unit?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cstrong>Jennifer Orr:\u003c/strong> At the end of that first day of digging into the book, I will reach out to families and say, We read this book. We had this conversation. Kids may be asking you where their name came from and if you’re willing to share with them and if they want to share with the class we’ll be talking about that in the coming weeks.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cstrong>Jennifer Orr:\u003c/strong> There’s a lot going on with names. There are all these situations that I don’t want kids to feel uncomfortable with. And then sometimes it’s a single parent and it may also come down to this child is living with someone who is not their parent who may not even know their name story. A bit part of it is to make sure that families that this is an option and we’re really interested and that we’re not trying to put anyone on the spot and that kids have that same sense.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/strong> What is really cool about this unit is that it gives students the opportunity to learn more about their teachers because it sounds like you two also talk about your names with your students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cstrong>Matthew R. Kay:\u003c/strong> I just really love the self-exploration and the showing kids the power and also like opening up a window to their parents decisions, I think, which is something that’s really cool. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cstrong>Matthew R. Kay: \u003c/strong> I get to open up about myself, you know, like I’m Matt is boring. Oh, there’s no meaning behind it, all that kind of stuff. But that’s because my parents both had unique names and they didn’t like everybody always jacking their name up.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cstrong>Matthew R. Kay:\u003c/strong> Matt could be a white dude and I until you meet me. So they didn’t want me to have any kind of disadvantages on resumes and stuff. So they were really intentional about Matt. And then I went and turned around, gave my daughters two very unique names that they will always have to correct people. And so it’s just weird about it how that cycle keeps going. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/strong> Unique names are very character building. I’m saying that as some one with a unique name.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cstrong>Matthew R. Kay:\u003c/strong> You always have to spell it out\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/strong> Yeah, yeah my name has an ‘H’ at the end, so I had to learn how to correct people as they were spelling it. How about you, Jen?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cstrong>Jennifer Orr:\u003c/strong> I was one of those kids I probably wouldn’t have wanted had this conversation because I have no story behind my name. Something I still hold against my parents. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> And like Matt I, my children have names that have stories behind them because I always hated that my parents were like “I don’t know. It was pretty.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/strong> In this name activity were there any surprising moments or stories that emerged during this name unit that stood out to you that were meaningful or impactful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cstrong>Matthew R. Kay:\u003c/strong> There’s a lot of good stories in that chapter. J\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">elly was one of them. S\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">ome early teacher couldn’t pronounce her name, and so she they gave her the nickname and then she went with it. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">We recognize a teacher probably overstepped their bounds. We recognize all those things. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">I didn’t force her to not go by this nickname. Unfortunately, a lot of well-intentioned teachers can push so hard, and the kid’s like, really fine with the nickname. W\u003c/span>e just examined what happened. I’m not moralizing.\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> My job is to help you understand things, right? \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cstrong>Jennifer Orr:\u003c/strong> Every year there are things that come as a surprise to me. Even when I have spent weeks with these kids or have had conversations with families. The piece that really stands out to me is that I had a couple of students over the years, several students, but with LatinX names who who had regularly had teachers Americanize them. So instead of David, who was David. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">These young ones just accept that their name is being mispronounced until we have this conversation often. And then they will say “But that’s not how we say my name at home. That’s not my name.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cstrong>Jennifer Orr:\u003c/strong> But even when they realize this isn’t okay, they often would not at first grade or kindergarten advocate for themselves, but they advocate for each other. And so I would notice, you know, they would be a substitute teacher who hadn’t yet gotten this, who’s going through the role in P.E. or something, and says David David would just be like, “Yeah,” but others are like “It’s David.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cstrong>Jennifer Orr:\u003c/strong> It was really interesting to see that they felt strongly about their names but that power between adults and kids is still so strong and yet on behalf of someone else they’ll stand up to that power\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/strong> And I feel like this unit tells students Oh no, you can advocate for how it is pronounced and what other people call you. And that’s an important lesson, I think at a young age, at the elementary school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cstrong>Matthew R. Kay:\u003c/strong> It’s similar at the high school level too. O\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">ften it’ll be someone else who tells me something about a name or pronoun. It’ll be a classmate. If they’re speaking up to me, that means that teachers before them have made it okay to speak to them in a critical way. \u003c/span>In ninth grade, I’m like a gateway teacher to high school. It’s kind of like, hey, look, you’re going to have to if you don’t advocate for yourself, that’s going to be a problem. Like, it’s going to be a problem in a way that it might not have been a problem before. It’s going to definitely be a problem now because like things are coming at you a little fast. Things are like you got to be able to say, I need more time, I need an extension, I need this, I need that. I need you to call me by his name, like those things. And so I love it when that work has been done early so that they come in and that’s one less kid you have that initial conversation with.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/strong> Matthew R. Kay is going into his 18th year teaching in Philadelphia. His other book is called \u003cem>Not Light But Fire.\u003c/em> Jennifer Orr has been teaching elementary school for 25 years. The book she wrote with Matthew is called \u003cem>We’re Gonna Keep on Talking\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/strong> MindShift will have more minisodes coming down the pipeline to bring you ideas and innovations from experts in education and beyond. Don’t forget to hit follow on your favorite podcast app so you don’t miss a thing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/strong> The MindShift team includes me, Nimah Gobir, Ki Sung, , Kara Newhouse, and Marlena Jackson-Retondo. Our editor is Chris Hambrick. Seth Samuel is our sound designer. We receive additional support from Jen Chien , Katie Sprenger, Cesar Saldaña and Holly Kernan. MindShift is supported, in part, by the generosity of the William & Flora Hewlett Foundation and members of KQED.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Teachers Jennifer Orr and Matthew R. Kay discuss how teachers can empower students to advocate for correct pronunciation of their names.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1706576757,"stats":{"hasAudio":true,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":60,"wordCount":4040},"headData":{"title":"Using picture books and classroom dialogue to honor and respect students' names | KQED","description":"Teachers Jennifer Orr and Matthew R. Kay discuss how teachers can empower students to advocate for correct pronunciation of their names.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","socialDescription":"Teachers Jennifer Orr and Matthew R. Kay discuss how teachers can empower students to advocate for correct pronunciation of their names.","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Using picture books and classroom dialogue to honor and respect students' names","datePublished":"2023-11-02T00:52:51.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-30T01:05:57.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"audioUrl":"https://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3/chrt.fm/track/G6C7C3/traffic.megaphone.fm/KQINC1058124335.mp3?updated=1699923421","sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/mindshift/62672/using-picture-books-and-classroom-dialogue-to-honor-and-respect-students-name","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"#episode-transcript\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">View the full episode transcript.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Enunciated syllables, slow speech and spelling — these are the adjustments some students find themselves making as \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/52183/teachers-strategies-for-pronouncing-and-remembering-students-names-correctly\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">they introduce themselves to their teachers each school year\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. For these students, whose names might be misspelled in emails or autocorrected in text messages, this annual ritual carries significance. It often determines what they will be called for the entire school year. “This is a matter children feel strongly about, yet adults aren’t always as attentive to,” said elementary school teacher \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/jenorr?ref_src=twsrc%5Egoogle%7Ctwcamp%5Eserp%7Ctwgr%5Eauthor\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Jennifer Orr\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">According to a \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">2011 study\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">,\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> daily mispronunciations of names are microaggressions that can significantly affect \u003ca href=\"https://www.sjsu.edu/people/marcos.pizarro/courses/185/s1/Names.pdf\">students’ self-perception and sense of belonging\u003c/a>.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Names are one of the topics covered in \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://stenhouse.com/products/9781625315755_were-gonna-keep-on-talking\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">We’re Gonna Keep on Talking\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, which Orr co-authored with Philadelphia educator \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MattRKay?ref_src=twsrc%5Egoogle%7Ctwcamp%5Eserp%7Ctwgr%5Eauthor\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Matthew R. Kay\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. The book guides educators through how to foster meaningful conversations about race with elementary school students. The names unit, which Orr has done about five times over the last 15 years, uses books to initiate discussions within the classroom. The authors recommend how to structure partner and class dialogues and how to create a supportive environment for students to share their experiences related to names. The unit also encourages students to delve deeper into their own identities by gathering information about their names from their families.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">While Kay’s previous work, \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://stenhouse.com/products/9781625310989_not-light-but-fire\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Not Light, But Fire\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, explored how to facilitate discussions about race with high schoolers, this sequel tailors the approach to the needs of younger learners. “You don’t get [elementary school] kids’ attention for 45 minutes, even in the upper grades. That’s a long period of time for a child to stay focused,” said Orr. “These discussions have to happen over months instead of class periods.” Regardless of grade level, Kay and Orr agreed that these are conversations children are eager to have.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>Exploring names through engaging books\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Orr said it’s important to create a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/59104/identity-mastery-belonging-and-efficacy-four-ways-student-agency-can-flourish\">supportive and inclusive classroom community\u003c/a> before getting into discussions about names. “I don’t want kids to end up feeling raw or vulnerable because we haven’t built the space for that kind of a conversation,” she said. It’s crucial to establish foundations of trust and effective communication even with students one may have taught in previous years. According to Kay, a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/61775/how-important-was-your-favorite-teacher-to-your-success-researchers-have-done-the-math\">strong teacher-student rapport\u003c/a> should never be taken for granted. As he put it, “You can’t spend last year’s currency.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Orr’s approach includes practicing active listening and respectful engagement with her students. She often does interactive read-alouds, pausing at planned points while reading picture books to encourage and hone students’ discussion and listening skills. Orr uses books to open the door to the conversation. “There are children’s books coming out all the time on names in a way that is so exciting,” she said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.candlewick.com/cat.asp?mode=book&isbn=0763693553&browse=Title\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Alma and How She Got Her Name\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">by Juana Martinez-Neal is one of Orr’s go-to books for kicking off the unit. In this book, Alma Sofia Esperanza José Pura Candela wants to know why she has so many names. Her father explains how she got each one. After the character Alma is introduced, Orr asks students to share their thoughts about her name. “Does it seem too long?” Students will often use this opportunity to relate in with comments like “I’m named after my grandma too!” She also stops for discussion halfway through \u003c/span>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Alma and How She Got Her Name\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> so students have the opportunity to discuss with a partner. “What do you think of Alma’s name now?” Orr asks. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Another book that Orr uses is \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.theinnovationpress.com/your-name-is-a-song\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Your Name Is a Song\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> by Jamilah Thompkins-Bigelow and Luisa Uribe. The book follows a young girl who is upset that no one is pronouncing her name correctly. The main character’s mom teaches her about the musicality of names from other cultures. The story resonates with students, bridging the common experience of name mispronunciation. Through these books, students begin to grasp that names can carry rich histories, Orr said. In all, each read-aloud and discussion takes about 25 minutes, so that her young students don’t get bored or restless.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>Extending conversations beyond the classroom\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Books also serve as a catalyst for taking the conversation beyond the classroom walls. Recognizing the importance of\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www2.ed.gov/documents/family-community/partners-education.pdf\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> collaboration between school and home in nurturing a child’s sense of identity\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, she suggests that students go home and initiate discussions with their families about the significance and stories behind their names. This part of the unit can lead to self exploration for students and open up a window to their parents’ decisions, according to Kay. Orr proactively reaches out to families to inform them about the discussions taking place in class, so they won’t be blindsided by their child’s questions. She emphasizes that participation in these conversations at home is optional, as is sharing in class. “They can make it fit their comfort level,” Orr said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"200\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"https://playlist.megaphone.fm/?e=KQINC1058124335&light=true\" width=\"100%\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In class, Orr and Kay recommend starting the next conversation with “Who wants to share what they’ve learned about their name from their family?” This dialogue allows students to share their newfound understanding and feelings about their names. Orr is often surprised by the unique stories and experiences that students bring forward. Some Latino students have told her that other teachers Americanized their names. For example, instead of “David,” where the “i” is pronounced with a long “e” sound, a teacher might use the flat “i” like the sound in zip. She also remembered a fifth grader one year who was a recent immigrant from China. “I swear she spent a week trying to get me to say her name properly,” she admitted. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Orr noted that elementary school students will often just accept the way their name is pronounced until they have this conversation in class. She said that name discussions may not always result in kids being able to advocate for themselves but they become more likely to advocate for other students. “That power between adults and kids is still so strong. And yet, on behalf of someone else, they’ll stand up to that power and they’ll make it clear that actually, no, that’s not how you say it.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">As a high school teacher, Kay is excited by the prospect of not being the first one to have conversations about identity and culture with students. “I can see the inquiry seeds,” he said. Orr and Kay envision a future where elementary school teachers continue to introduce these conversations, paving the way for students to advocate for the pronunciation of their names as well as for the respect and recognition of others’ identities.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Editor’s note: This story was updated to include the name of the illustrator of \u003c/em>Your Name Is a Song.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 id=\"episode-transcript\">Episode Transcript\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This is a computer-generated transcript. While our team has reviewed it, there may be errors.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/strong> Welcome to MindShift, the podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids. I’m Nimah Gobir.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nimah Gobir: \u003c/strong> Matthew R. Kay is a high school English teacher in Philadelphia. He’s also the author behind the book \u003cem>Not Light, But Fire. \u003c/em>And he knows how to spark meaningful conversations with high schoolers. In the book, he shares a lesson that’s an absolute hit with his students. And it’s all about their names\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cstrong>Matthew R. Kay: \u003c/strong> I think every teacher has that one lesson where like, if you’re going to observe me, I’m going to look like a rock star. Like the principal walks through, you’re like, “Say less. I got this”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cstrong>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/strong> This is your knock it out of the park lesson? \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cstrong>Matthew R. Kay:\u003c/strong> Oh, easy, easy. This is the one where the kids are lined up afterwards to say they didn’t get a chance to share. This is the one where I have to apologize to my colleagues. I’m like, “What can I do? I’m sorry.” It’s so juicy and it feels so good. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/strong> Matt teamed up with elementary school teacher Jennifer Orr for their new book, \u003cem>We’re Gonna Keep on Talking.\u003c/em> They’ve taken lessons from his high school teaching experience and tailored them for younger students. Today’s episode features a conversation about how Matt’s lesson about names looks in Jen’s elementary school classroom. We’ll get into that conversation after the break\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/strong> Matt, you wrote \u003cem>Not Light But Fire\u003c/em> about your experience teaching in high school classrooms a few years ago. Can you tell me about your decision to add \u003cem>We’re Gonna Keep On Talking\u003c/em> to the canon?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cstrong>Matthew R. Kay:\u003c/strong> One of the biggest thing that was asked of me, teachers would come up to me and they would say, When are you going to come up with the elementary books? And that was something that I normally kind of brushed aside. Like I respected it, but I was kind of like, well, you know, never because I’m not an elementary teacher. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> But I feel like what separated \u003cem>Not Light\u003c/em> was my storytelling . \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">And I feel like that’s the part that’s hardest for someone who doesn’t teach high school — the actual visualization of what does this conversation look like? \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">That’s why I decided to see if I could find an elementary teacher who could who could help with that. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/strong> Jen, this book is all about your experience in the classroom with elementary school students. There’s a part where you talk about a lesson on students’ names, and it’s different from the lesson that Matt uses with his students. Can you tell me how you scaffold this conversation for younger kids?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cstrong>Jennifer Orr: \u003c/strong> Sure. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">I’ve taught in several different schools in my school district and in almost all of them. There have been kids who have really struggled with their with name, pronunciation, children whose who they or their families had emigrated to this country. And their names do not fit our kind of Americanized way of saying things. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cstrong>Jennifer Orr:\u003c/strong> And as many things are in my elementary classroom and in many, it’s tied into a lot of literature. So there’s several different books that we read throughout the course of the unit and really talk through things through the lens of the books as a way to kind of open the door to the conversation and then make it much more personal.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cstrong>Jennifer Orr: \u003c/strong> It was always designed around discussing kids first names. Where does your name come from? What does your name mean? Knowing that some families may not want to have that conversation. Keeping it open ended for kids they could choose to share or not share. The conversation then grew into last names as well as kids started to notice things about each other’s last names, \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> noticing kind of beginning to really build an understanding of why people are names and what those what weight is carried in names and where that can carry history as well as for your own self. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nimah Gobir: \u003c/strong> Talking about names can get vulnerable because it can bring up stuff about race and identity. What are some strategies that can teachers use to ensure students feel valued in conversations like these and respected by not only you as the teacher, but also the other kids in the room.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cstrong>Jennifer Orr:\u003c/strong> That’s a huge question because none of this works if we don’t start from that point. A\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">t the start of each school year. It’s not only important that we build that community within our classroom, which is huge and crucial, and we talk about some different ways to do that in the book, but also to build that community with our colleagues and with the families of our students because we’re all going to be involved in this. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cstrong>Jennifer Orr:\u003c/strong> Even the conversation around names, in my classroom, it doesn’t happen in the first week of school because we haven’t had a chance yet to build that community. I don’t want kids to end up feeling raw or vulnerable because we haven’t built that space for that kind of a conversation before we have it. So we have to be careful that we’re not jumping into it too soon. T\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">hat may or may not be true for Matt…\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cstrong>Matthew R. Kay:\u003c/strong> To be honest, it’s the same in in secondary. I\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">n one of my PD sessions to talk about myths about safe spaces and one of them is that it’s permanent. Ou\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">r metaphors that we use for safe spaces like building and stuff like that probably need a little bit of work because it like leads to the assumption that you build it and then it’s built right. But it’s really it’s more about building and maintaining and maintaining and maintaining. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cstrong>Matthew R. Kay:\u003c/strong> You can you can’t spend last year’s currency like the kids I’m about to meet in a month, it’s best for me to assume that they don’t know me from a can of paint , even if I work with them last year. Because who knows what happened this summer. They could be a different kid. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nimah Gobir\u003c/strong>: So what I’m hearing is that it takes intentional time and you actually keep spending that time. You don’t get to just bank it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cstrong>Jennifer Orr:\u003c/strong> I think that’s true of almost anything in a classroom. You spend the start of the school year setting all of these things up and making sure they’re established but that doesn’t mean you’re done with it.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/strong> Jen, you mentioned that this unit takes a lot more time at the elementary school level because you’re working with little ones who – let’s be honest, can have a really short attention span. I love the idea of using books to initiate that broad conversation and then slowly getting more and more focused. Can you tell me some of the picture books that you read during this unit?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cstrong>Jennifer Orr: \u003c/strong> \u003cem>My Name Is a Song\u003c/em>, which is a beautiful one of a young girl who is complaining about how no one pronounces her name correctly. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> And her mom really sort of reassuring her about the way that that names are songs and how beautiful that is. And by the end of the book, I’m not sure if she’s fully convinced of the beauty of it and the fact that she knows her name is still going to be mispronounced, but she definitely has some reassurance\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cstrong>Jennifer Orr:\u003c/strong> Another one is Juana Martinez Neal’s book, \u003cem>Alma and How She Got Her Name\u003c/em>. And Alma has I can’t remember it now, you know, maybe six or seven names in her name. And the book is her father explaining to her where each of those names came from, which is our great introduction into then talking about where did your name come from and inviting children and their families into that conversation through that book.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/strong> Something I’ve heard you say is that nothing happens at the elementary school level without getting families involved. How do you involve parents and caregivers in this unit?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cstrong>Jennifer Orr:\u003c/strong> At the end of that first day of digging into the book, I will reach out to families and say, We read this book. We had this conversation. Kids may be asking you where their name came from and if you’re willing to share with them and if they want to share with the class we’ll be talking about that in the coming weeks.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cstrong>Jennifer Orr:\u003c/strong> There’s a lot going on with names. There are all these situations that I don’t want kids to feel uncomfortable with. And then sometimes it’s a single parent and it may also come down to this child is living with someone who is not their parent who may not even know their name story. A bit part of it is to make sure that families that this is an option and we’re really interested and that we’re not trying to put anyone on the spot and that kids have that same sense.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/strong> What is really cool about this unit is that it gives students the opportunity to learn more about their teachers because it sounds like you two also talk about your names with your students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cstrong>Matthew R. Kay:\u003c/strong> I just really love the self-exploration and the showing kids the power and also like opening up a window to their parents decisions, I think, which is something that’s really cool. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cstrong>Matthew R. Kay: \u003c/strong> I get to open up about myself, you know, like I’m Matt is boring. Oh, there’s no meaning behind it, all that kind of stuff. But that’s because my parents both had unique names and they didn’t like everybody always jacking their name up.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cstrong>Matthew R. Kay:\u003c/strong> Matt could be a white dude and I until you meet me. So they didn’t want me to have any kind of disadvantages on resumes and stuff. So they were really intentional about Matt. And then I went and turned around, gave my daughters two very unique names that they will always have to correct people. And so it’s just weird about it how that cycle keeps going. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/strong> Unique names are very character building. I’m saying that as some one with a unique name.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cstrong>Matthew R. Kay:\u003c/strong> You always have to spell it out\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/strong> Yeah, yeah my name has an ‘H’ at the end, so I had to learn how to correct people as they were spelling it. How about you, Jen?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cstrong>Jennifer Orr:\u003c/strong> I was one of those kids I probably wouldn’t have wanted had this conversation because I have no story behind my name. Something I still hold against my parents. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> And like Matt I, my children have names that have stories behind them because I always hated that my parents were like “I don’t know. It was pretty.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/strong> In this name activity were there any surprising moments or stories that emerged during this name unit that stood out to you that were meaningful or impactful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cstrong>Matthew R. Kay:\u003c/strong> There’s a lot of good stories in that chapter. J\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">elly was one of them. S\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">ome early teacher couldn’t pronounce her name, and so she they gave her the nickname and then she went with it. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">We recognize a teacher probably overstepped their bounds. We recognize all those things. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">I didn’t force her to not go by this nickname. Unfortunately, a lot of well-intentioned teachers can push so hard, and the kid’s like, really fine with the nickname. W\u003c/span>e just examined what happened. I’m not moralizing.\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> My job is to help you understand things, right? \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cstrong>Jennifer Orr:\u003c/strong> Every year there are things that come as a surprise to me. Even when I have spent weeks with these kids or have had conversations with families. The piece that really stands out to me is that I had a couple of students over the years, several students, but with LatinX names who who had regularly had teachers Americanize them. So instead of David, who was David. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">These young ones just accept that their name is being mispronounced until we have this conversation often. And then they will say “But that’s not how we say my name at home. That’s not my name.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cstrong>Jennifer Orr:\u003c/strong> But even when they realize this isn’t okay, they often would not at first grade or kindergarten advocate for themselves, but they advocate for each other. And so I would notice, you know, they would be a substitute teacher who hadn’t yet gotten this, who’s going through the role in P.E. or something, and says David David would just be like, “Yeah,” but others are like “It’s David.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cstrong>Jennifer Orr:\u003c/strong> It was really interesting to see that they felt strongly about their names but that power between adults and kids is still so strong and yet on behalf of someone else they’ll stand up to that power\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/strong> And I feel like this unit tells students Oh no, you can advocate for how it is pronounced and what other people call you. And that’s an important lesson, I think at a young age, at the elementary school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cstrong>Matthew R. Kay:\u003c/strong> It’s similar at the high school level too. O\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">ften it’ll be someone else who tells me something about a name or pronoun. It’ll be a classmate. If they’re speaking up to me, that means that teachers before them have made it okay to speak to them in a critical way. \u003c/span>In ninth grade, I’m like a gateway teacher to high school. It’s kind of like, hey, look, you’re going to have to if you don’t advocate for yourself, that’s going to be a problem. Like, it’s going to be a problem in a way that it might not have been a problem before. It’s going to definitely be a problem now because like things are coming at you a little fast. Things are like you got to be able to say, I need more time, I need an extension, I need this, I need that. I need you to call me by his name, like those things. And so I love it when that work has been done early so that they come in and that’s one less kid you have that initial conversation with.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/strong> Matthew R. Kay is going into his 18th year teaching in Philadelphia. His other book is called \u003cem>Not Light But Fire.\u003c/em> Jennifer Orr has been teaching elementary school for 25 years. The book she wrote with Matthew is called \u003cem>We’re Gonna Keep on Talking\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/strong> MindShift will have more minisodes coming down the pipeline to bring you ideas and innovations from experts in education and beyond. Don’t forget to hit follow on your favorite podcast app so you don’t miss a thing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/strong> The MindShift team includes me, Nimah Gobir, Ki Sung, , Kara Newhouse, and Marlena Jackson-Retondo. Our editor is Chris Hambrick. Seth Samuel is our sound designer. We receive additional support from Jen Chien , Katie Sprenger, Cesar Saldaña and Holly Kernan. MindShift is supported, in part, by the generosity of the William & Flora Hewlett Foundation and members of KQED.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/mindshift/62672/using-picture-books-and-classroom-dialogue-to-honor-and-respect-students-name","authors":["11721"],"categories":["mindshift_20729","mindshift_21512","mindshift_194","mindshift_21130","mindshift_20960"],"tags":["mindshift_21101","mindshift_21707","mindshift_21230","mindshift_21015","mindshift_797","mindshift_21222","mindshift_231","mindshift_290","mindshift_21284","mindshift_21742"],"featImg":"mindshift_62674","label":"mindshift"},"mindshift_61909":{"type":"posts","id":"mindshift_61909","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"mindshift","id":"61909","score":null,"sort":[1688000440000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"how-teachers-can-handle-difficult-requests-from-well-intentioned-parents","title":"How teachers can handle difficult requests from well-intentioned parents","publishDate":1688000440,"format":"standard","headTitle":"How teachers can handle difficult requests from well-intentioned parents | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"mindshift"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cem>© 2023 by Crystal Frommert, excerpted from the book\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B0BZFLDRSR/ref=ppx_yo_dt_b_asin_title_o01_s00?ie=UTF8&psc=1\">When Calling Parents Isn’t Your Calling: A Teacher’s Guide to Communicating with Parents\u003c/a>. \u003cem>Used with permission of the publisher, Road to Awesome, LLC.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sometimes, it’s not the parent who is being difficult, but rather the request itself is difficult. While we want to work with parents to meet the needs of the student, some requests are not always best for their child’s educational experience. The following questions\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-61911 alignright\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/06/bookcover.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"140\" height=\"224\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/06/bookcover.jpg 625w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/06/bookcover-160x256.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 140px) 100vw, 140px\"> have been asked of my colleagues and myself many times from parents. After each request is a suggestion for how to say no firmly but kindly. I have phrased these requests in a cheeky way for humor’s sake. Most of the time these requests are a bit ridiculous, but there are times that these requests are valid due to health, family situations, or other extreme circumstances. Because fair doesn’t mean equal, you can certainly give a student more time on an assignment or another exception because of a family crisis but not give the same extension to another student for a much less serious reason. If a student or parent ever questions the fairness of a request (which I find is rare), I always tell them that another student’s situation is not something I can share.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>“Since there are two days left in the grading period, is there anything my child can do to earn extra credit or bring up their average?” \u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Communicate as early as possible with parents if there is a chance for a student to improve their average. If a parent contacts you about improving a grade with only a few days left in the grading period, you can reiterate to the parents that all of the planned assessments have been completed for the term and offer tips on how their child can get a strong start in the upcoming term.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>“My child was up late playing a sport, celebrating his second cousin’s roommate’s graduation, practicing the bassoon, or some other reason why they are unable to take the test you announced weeks ago. Can they take the test scheduled for today at another time?” \u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stand firm on this one unless there are extreme extenuating circumstances. Offer to answer any last-minute questions if there is time before school or between classes. Reassure the parent that there have been x number of review days to prepare students for the assessment. If this request comes as an email, you could also reply to it after their child has taken the test, making it a moot point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>“Can my child turn in his work late?” See the above reasons.\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inevitably a student will need to turn in an assignment late now and again. Life happens. To avoid handling this request on a case-by-case basis, I set up a freebie system for daily work in my middle school classes. Each term every student gets an exemption from a daily assignment – no questions asked. They are responsible for practicing the material in time for the next assessment, but they do not have to hand it in. If a parent requests that another assignment during the term be handed in late, then I can have a conversation about why they have missed TWO daily assignments. Parents are less likely to push back when there might be a pattern developing around missed daily work. I taught my students to use their freebie thoughtfully. They should plan ahead for an upcoming late-night event, birthday, or another busy day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>“My child is unable to attend any of the tutorial sessions you offer. Are you available every day after 8 pm or before 7 am to help her with her homework?\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reiterate to the parent which days/times you are available for extra help. If their child has questions outside of the offered times, list out the resources that are available to them such as notes, the textbook, online resources, contacting a classmate, or (if you have the time) make a short video of yourself explaining the concept that they can watch at any time. To avoid this issue altogether, my school’s math department scheduled one math teacher to be on duty every morning and every afternoon for tutorials. If a student had a math question, they could pop in before or after school to ask a question – they may not have been able to see their own math teacher, but at least they could get their question answered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>“I see that my child left her science project on the kitchen table. Can I bring it to school so that she won’t lose credit? \u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some schools are clear about not allowing parents to deliver homework and projects to school. There are various reasons for this — one being equity and another being to teach kids responsibility. If your school does not have a policy regarding parents delivering assignments to their children, then it is very difficult to prevent this as an individual teacher. If it is important to you that students are not allowed to accept school day deliveries from parents, there are steps you can take to prevent it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Set an expectation at Parent Night that parents are NOT expected to bring forgotten assignments to school. Stress the importance of responsibility and equity in your reasoning. Most parents will be relieved that this is not expected or acceptable.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Set a rolling due date for major projects. For example, the science project is due the week of Sept 20. This is a smoke and mirrors tactic to hide the fact that the real due date is the Friday of that week but you’ll accept projects starting Monday. (This also makes grading more manageable because projects trickle in over a five-day range.)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Do not allow a student to call their parents from school to request homework/project delivery. The older students might sneak an email or text to ask their parents to bring an assignment, but you can discourage this by reiterating to students that asking parents to deliver their work promotes inequality and irresponsibility. (They probably won’t care but at least you shared your two cents.)\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>“My child would prefer to be in Mr. Feeney’s class, or my child needs to be in advanced-level math, or my child prefers to take English in the mornings, can she switch classes?”\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hopefully, your school has a policy regarding how a student places into leveled classes. If this is the case, refer the parent back to the posted policy of requirements. If the class change request is not related to a leveled class, this is something that can be immediately escalated to the administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>“My child does not get along with Trouble Jones, Jr. Can you make sure they do not socialize together during the school day?”\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kids move in and out of friendships like a Houston driver changes lanes on I–10. One day they are best friends, and the next day they call each other stupid smelly-face. It is ok to ask two students who are having a rough patch to give each other space because, as the educator, you can observe the temperature of their relationship every day. Parents are not close to what’s happening with friendships on the playground at recess. Parents also often only hear one side of the story. Reassure parents that students are closely monitored and that they are taught restorative practices and conflict resolution. Parents might need assurance that mistreatment is never tolerated, but also we want to keep the path clear for a potential repair in their friendship. If a parent is worried about their child being bullied or physically harmed (even if it is an unjustified concern), stay in frequent communication with the concerned parent so they can feel confident that their child is safe and happy at school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-61910 alignleft\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/06/headshot2022.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"189\" height=\"189\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/06/headshot2022.jpeg 512w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/06/headshot2022-160x160.jpeg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 189px) 100vw, 189px\">Crystal Frommert, M.Ed, has over 20 years of experience as an educator in middle and high school. Crystal has taught math, computer science and social justice in public, parochial and international schools. Beyond teaching, she has served as an instructional coach, school board member, adjunct college instructor, technology coordinator and assistant head of middle school. She has presented at local, national and international educational conferences on topics ranging from social and emotional learning to technology integration. She is currently a middle school math teacher and administrator in Houston.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"In her book, When Calling Parents isn't Your Calling, teacher Crystal Frommert gives tips for managing tricky parental inquiries and fostering productive teacher-parent partnerships.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1688005514,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":19,"wordCount":1446},"headData":{"title":"How teachers can handle difficult requests from well-intentioned parents | KQED","description":"Teacher Crystal Frommert gives tips for managing tricky parental inquiries and fostering productive teacher-parent partnerships","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","socialDescription":"Teacher Crystal Frommert gives tips for managing tricky parental inquiries and fostering productive teacher-parent partnerships","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"How teachers can handle difficult requests from well-intentioned parents","datePublished":"2023-06-29T01:00:40.000Z","dateModified":"2023-06-29T02:25:14.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/mindshift/61909/how-teachers-can-handle-difficult-requests-from-well-intentioned-parents","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>© 2023 by Crystal Frommert, excerpted from the book\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B0BZFLDRSR/ref=ppx_yo_dt_b_asin_title_o01_s00?ie=UTF8&psc=1\">When Calling Parents Isn’t Your Calling: A Teacher’s Guide to Communicating with Parents\u003c/a>. \u003cem>Used with permission of the publisher, Road to Awesome, LLC.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sometimes, it’s not the parent who is being difficult, but rather the request itself is difficult. While we want to work with parents to meet the needs of the student, some requests are not always best for their child’s educational experience. The following questions\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-61911 alignright\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/06/bookcover.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"140\" height=\"224\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/06/bookcover.jpg 625w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/06/bookcover-160x256.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 140px) 100vw, 140px\"> have been asked of my colleagues and myself many times from parents. After each request is a suggestion for how to say no firmly but kindly. I have phrased these requests in a cheeky way for humor’s sake. Most of the time these requests are a bit ridiculous, but there are times that these requests are valid due to health, family situations, or other extreme circumstances. Because fair doesn’t mean equal, you can certainly give a student more time on an assignment or another exception because of a family crisis but not give the same extension to another student for a much less serious reason. If a student or parent ever questions the fairness of a request (which I find is rare), I always tell them that another student’s situation is not something I can share.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>“Since there are two days left in the grading period, is there anything my child can do to earn extra credit or bring up their average?” \u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Communicate as early as possible with parents if there is a chance for a student to improve their average. If a parent contacts you about improving a grade with only a few days left in the grading period, you can reiterate to the parents that all of the planned assessments have been completed for the term and offer tips on how their child can get a strong start in the upcoming term.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>“My child was up late playing a sport, celebrating his second cousin’s roommate’s graduation, practicing the bassoon, or some other reason why they are unable to take the test you announced weeks ago. Can they take the test scheduled for today at another time?” \u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stand firm on this one unless there are extreme extenuating circumstances. Offer to answer any last-minute questions if there is time before school or between classes. Reassure the parent that there have been x number of review days to prepare students for the assessment. If this request comes as an email, you could also reply to it after their child has taken the test, making it a moot point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>“Can my child turn in his work late?” See the above reasons.\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inevitably a student will need to turn in an assignment late now and again. Life happens. To avoid handling this request on a case-by-case basis, I set up a freebie system for daily work in my middle school classes. Each term every student gets an exemption from a daily assignment – no questions asked. They are responsible for practicing the material in time for the next assessment, but they do not have to hand it in. If a parent requests that another assignment during the term be handed in late, then I can have a conversation about why they have missed TWO daily assignments. Parents are less likely to push back when there might be a pattern developing around missed daily work. I taught my students to use their freebie thoughtfully. They should plan ahead for an upcoming late-night event, birthday, or another busy day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>“My child is unable to attend any of the tutorial sessions you offer. Are you available every day after 8 pm or before 7 am to help her with her homework?\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reiterate to the parent which days/times you are available for extra help. If their child has questions outside of the offered times, list out the resources that are available to them such as notes, the textbook, online resources, contacting a classmate, or (if you have the time) make a short video of yourself explaining the concept that they can watch at any time. To avoid this issue altogether, my school’s math department scheduled one math teacher to be on duty every morning and every afternoon for tutorials. If a student had a math question, they could pop in before or after school to ask a question – they may not have been able to see their own math teacher, but at least they could get their question answered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>“I see that my child left her science project on the kitchen table. Can I bring it to school so that she won’t lose credit? \u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some schools are clear about not allowing parents to deliver homework and projects to school. There are various reasons for this — one being equity and another being to teach kids responsibility. If your school does not have a policy regarding parents delivering assignments to their children, then it is very difficult to prevent this as an individual teacher. If it is important to you that students are not allowed to accept school day deliveries from parents, there are steps you can take to prevent it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Set an expectation at Parent Night that parents are NOT expected to bring forgotten assignments to school. Stress the importance of responsibility and equity in your reasoning. Most parents will be relieved that this is not expected or acceptable.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Set a rolling due date for major projects. For example, the science project is due the week of Sept 20. This is a smoke and mirrors tactic to hide the fact that the real due date is the Friday of that week but you’ll accept projects starting Monday. (This also makes grading more manageable because projects trickle in over a five-day range.)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Do not allow a student to call their parents from school to request homework/project delivery. The older students might sneak an email or text to ask their parents to bring an assignment, but you can discourage this by reiterating to students that asking parents to deliver their work promotes inequality and irresponsibility. (They probably won’t care but at least you shared your two cents.)\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>“My child would prefer to be in Mr. Feeney’s class, or my child needs to be in advanced-level math, or my child prefers to take English in the mornings, can she switch classes?”\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hopefully, your school has a policy regarding how a student places into leveled classes. If this is the case, refer the parent back to the posted policy of requirements. If the class change request is not related to a leveled class, this is something that can be immediately escalated to the administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>“My child does not get along with Trouble Jones, Jr. Can you make sure they do not socialize together during the school day?”\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kids move in and out of friendships like a Houston driver changes lanes on I–10. One day they are best friends, and the next day they call each other stupid smelly-face. It is ok to ask two students who are having a rough patch to give each other space because, as the educator, you can observe the temperature of their relationship every day. Parents are not close to what’s happening with friendships on the playground at recess. Parents also often only hear one side of the story. Reassure parents that students are closely monitored and that they are taught restorative practices and conflict resolution. Parents might need assurance that mistreatment is never tolerated, but also we want to keep the path clear for a potential repair in their friendship. If a parent is worried about their child being bullied or physically harmed (even if it is an unjustified concern), stay in frequent communication with the concerned parent so they can feel confident that their child is safe and happy at school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-61910 alignleft\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/06/headshot2022.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"189\" height=\"189\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/06/headshot2022.jpeg 512w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/06/headshot2022-160x160.jpeg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 189px) 100vw, 189px\">Crystal Frommert, M.Ed, has over 20 years of experience as an educator in middle and high school. Crystal has taught math, computer science and social justice in public, parochial and international schools. Beyond teaching, she has served as an instructional coach, school board member, adjunct college instructor, technology coordinator and assistant head of middle school. She has presented at local, national and international educational conferences on topics ranging from social and emotional learning to technology integration. She is currently a middle school math teacher and administrator in Houston.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/mindshift/61909/how-teachers-can-handle-difficult-requests-from-well-intentioned-parents","authors":["4354"],"categories":["mindshift_194","mindshift_21385","mindshift_193"],"tags":["mindshift_21036","mindshift_21110","mindshift_231","mindshift_20737","mindshift_290","mindshift_21213"],"featImg":"mindshift_61913","label":"mindshift"},"mindshift_61552":{"type":"posts","id":"mindshift_61552","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"mindshift","id":"61552","score":null,"sort":[1683021630000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"how-a-community-up-model-of-school-relationships-can-nurture-teacher-agency","title":"How a “community-up” model of school relationships can nurture teacher agency","publishDate":1683021630,"format":"standard","headTitle":"How a “community-up” model of school relationships can nurture teacher agency | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"mindshift"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Excerpted with permission of the publisher Jossey-Bass, a Wiley brand, from \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.wiley.com/en-us/Teaching+Fiercely%3A+Spreading+Joy+and+Justice+in+Our+Schools-p-9781119867678\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Teaching Fiercely: Spreading Joy and Justice in Our Schools”\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> by Kass Minor. Copyright \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">©\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> 2023 by Kass Minor. All rights reserved.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">It is important to distribute equitable responsibility within the community to nourish teachers with time and space for planning, thinking, reflecting and collaborating. When this labor is centered on one entity, like “school leadership” or “grade team leaders” or even one person like “the principal,” the likelihood that an authentic and intentional thought sanctuary for teachers will come into fruition is minimal. One way to think about this movement is through the concept of “community-up,” meaning that community growth is connective, lateral and moves upward, together.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignright size-thumbnail wp-image-61559\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/05/teaching-fiercely-160x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"160\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/05/teaching-fiercely-160x200.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/05/teaching-fiercely-800x1002.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/05/teaching-fiercely-1020x1278.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/05/teaching-fiercely-768x962.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/05/teaching-fiercely-1226x1536.jpg 1226w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/05/teaching-fiercely-1634x2048.jpg 1634w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/05/teaching-fiercely-1920x2406.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/05/teaching-fiercely.jpg 2043w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The cylindrical model shown below is an example of a community-up model, and supports organizing within a school community. I learned about the cylindrical model from Indigenous educator Cinnamon Kills First during her keynote speech at the Arizona K12 Center’s \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.azk12.org/events-management/fifteenth-annual-teacher-leadership-institute-elevating-student-voice-through-teacher-leadership/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Teacher Leadership Institute\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and, later, a collaboration we did. Like \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://firstnationspedagogy.ca/circletalks.html\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">talking circles\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, it is based on Indigenous wisdom. Many educators are familiar with talking circles, where classroom communities meet together in a circle formation to initiate, build and/or restore community.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">While talking circles are usually referred to in the restorative context, circles also are used as an instructional methodology wherein communities learn together, co-creating knowledge. Importantly, the community of people participating sit within a circle shape so all members are able to see each other, and no one person is centered. All people within the circle are equally visible. Usually, an item referred to as an “object of power” is held to indicate a person is the speaker, and is passed around for turn-taking.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The cylindrical model builds on circle ideology; it is used to symbolize a flattened hierarchy, where no one person in the community is more important or more capable than another. As the circle of people in the community contribute and learn together, the circle grows upward, transforming into a cylinder, showing equitable growth for all.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_61553\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 940px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-61553 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/Community-Up.Teaching-Fiercely.Kass-Minor-e1682970469525.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"940\" height=\"585\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/Community-Up.Teaching-Fiercely.Kass-Minor-e1682970469525.png 940w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/Community-Up.Teaching-Fiercely.Kass-Minor-e1682970469525-800x498.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/Community-Up.Teaching-Fiercely.Kass-Minor-e1682970469525-160x100.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/Community-Up.Teaching-Fiercely.Kass-Minor-e1682970469525-768x478.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 940px) 100vw, 940px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">With permission from Cinnamon Kills First, I imposed the categorization and labels to the shapes she presented at the Fifteenth Annual Leadership Institute: Evaluating Student Voice Through Teacher Leadership conference. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Kass Minor)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">To the right of the cylindrical model, notice the triangle. The triangle is a more typical representation of how power and agency flows through a school. At the top, school leaders are positioned with ultimate decision-making power. Their vision, guidance and leadership (or lack thereof) significantly impacts how all people experience school.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">On the right bottom angle of the triangle, you will find teachers. The yellow arrows shown between teachers and school leaders demonstrate how connected they are as well as their relational power dynamic. This is significant: School leaders are almost always positioned above teachers.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Kids are placed on the bottom side of the triangle, representing their lack of power within the school, as well as the people with whom they are connected to: their parents and/or caregivers and their teachers. They also serve as a conduit for how teachers and parents and/or caregivers communicate with one another. That is, what kids say happens during their school day is interpreted by parents/caregivers in ways that shape their perspective on their child’s teacher. This can either hinder or strengthen teacher agency.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Finally, you’ll see the left side of the triangle connecting parents/caregivers to school leaders. This connection varies across school, but this body of voices has the power to heavily influence the ways in which school leaders strategize and make decisions.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The cylindrical, or “community-up” model allows the entire school community to contribute to the needs of school communities, enabling more space and time for teachers to plan, collaborate and be thoughtful when developing curriculum and making instructional decisions based on the needs of their students. Potentiality for community contributions is vast, and, again, looks very different depending on school demographics, resources and perspectives.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Below are a few examples of distributed community contributions:\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">One community I worked in solicited parent volunteers to serve as substitute teachers so their teachers on staff could participate in professional development together with me. Many parents and caregivers volunteered; however, this com- munity was affluent, mostly white and East Asian, and many volunteers had jobs with flexibility that allowed them to con- tribute their time during the school day.\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Another time, a principal I worked with liaised with a community sports group to spend time with children in the gym so teachers could curate their classroom libraries more thoughtfully together, rather than covering each other’s classrooms and doing the work in isolation. In that case, the community was predominantly immigrant and BIPOC, disadvantaged economically, but advantaged in that they had a long-term commitment to building cross-community relationships.\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">I’ve also seen students contribute to nourishing teachers’ agency. One school I worked in regularly invited students to attend curriculum-making sessions with teachers, acting as thought partners with their teachers to ensure their learning was relevant to their experience. These experiences were built across their advisory program, so when curriculum meetings happened, students were prepared to contribute in meaning- ful ways. This particular school served economically disad- vantaged students and was racially and economically diverse.\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Significantly, they were led by a visionary school leader with a strong, diverse school equity team who were equipped to actionize various learning structures they learned through workshops centering students, equity, and racial dynamics as part of their school experience.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignleft size-thumbnail wp-image-61554\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/image1-160x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"160\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/image1-160x200.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/image1-768x960.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/image1.jpg 775w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MsKass1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Kass Minor\u003c/a> is an inclusive educator and community organizer who is deeply involved in local, inquiry-based teacher research and school community development. Alongside partnerships with the University of Chicago, Teachers College Inclusive Classrooms Project, The Author Village and the New York City Department of Education, since 2004, she has worked as a teacher, staff developer, adjunct professor, speaker and documentarian. \u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003cem>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Kass reads books like other people listen to albums, and the classroom is her concert space. While Kass’s organizing work in school communities is inspired by her North Stars Myles Horton and Fannie Lou Hamer, her pedagogy is centered in joy from the communities that surround her and motivated by the idea that every adult can teach, and every student can learn. Teacherhood, paired with motherhood, has driven her love of information sharing and redefining who gets to be a knower in the fiery world we live in today. Keep in touch with her on social media @MsKass1, or follow her whereabouts by \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/TeachFierceUpdates\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">signing up for her newsletter\u003c/a>.\u003c/span>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"In “Teaching Fiercely,” Kass Minor describes the cylindrical model, which is based on Indigenous wisdom and symbolizes a flattened hierarchy. As people in the community contribute and learn together, the circle grows upward – equitable growth for all.\r\n\r\n","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1683122321,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":16,"wordCount":1123},"headData":{"title":"How a “community-up” model of school relationships can nurture teacher agency | KQED","description":"Based on Indigenous wisdom, the model symbolizes a flattened hierarchy that contributes, learns and grows upward together.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"How a “community-up” model of school relationships can nurture teacher agency","datePublished":"2023-05-02T10:00:30.000Z","dateModified":"2023-05-03T13:58:41.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/mindshift/61552/how-a-community-up-model-of-school-relationships-can-nurture-teacher-agency","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Excerpted with permission of the publisher Jossey-Bass, a Wiley brand, from \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.wiley.com/en-us/Teaching+Fiercely%3A+Spreading+Joy+and+Justice+in+Our+Schools-p-9781119867678\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Teaching Fiercely: Spreading Joy and Justice in Our Schools”\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> by Kass Minor. Copyright \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">©\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> 2023 by Kass Minor. All rights reserved.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">It is important to distribute equitable responsibility within the community to nourish teachers with time and space for planning, thinking, reflecting and collaborating. When this labor is centered on one entity, like “school leadership” or “grade team leaders” or even one person like “the principal,” the likelihood that an authentic and intentional thought sanctuary for teachers will come into fruition is minimal. One way to think about this movement is through the concept of “community-up,” meaning that community growth is connective, lateral and moves upward, together.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignright size-thumbnail wp-image-61559\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/05/teaching-fiercely-160x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"160\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/05/teaching-fiercely-160x200.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/05/teaching-fiercely-800x1002.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/05/teaching-fiercely-1020x1278.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/05/teaching-fiercely-768x962.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/05/teaching-fiercely-1226x1536.jpg 1226w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/05/teaching-fiercely-1634x2048.jpg 1634w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/05/teaching-fiercely-1920x2406.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/05/teaching-fiercely.jpg 2043w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The cylindrical model shown below is an example of a community-up model, and supports organizing within a school community. I learned about the cylindrical model from Indigenous educator Cinnamon Kills First during her keynote speech at the Arizona K12 Center’s \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.azk12.org/events-management/fifteenth-annual-teacher-leadership-institute-elevating-student-voice-through-teacher-leadership/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Teacher Leadership Institute\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and, later, a collaboration we did. Like \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://firstnationspedagogy.ca/circletalks.html\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">talking circles\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, it is based on Indigenous wisdom. Many educators are familiar with talking circles, where classroom communities meet together in a circle formation to initiate, build and/or restore community.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">While talking circles are usually referred to in the restorative context, circles also are used as an instructional methodology wherein communities learn together, co-creating knowledge. Importantly, the community of people participating sit within a circle shape so all members are able to see each other, and no one person is centered. All people within the circle are equally visible. Usually, an item referred to as an “object of power” is held to indicate a person is the speaker, and is passed around for turn-taking.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The cylindrical model builds on circle ideology; it is used to symbolize a flattened hierarchy, where no one person in the community is more important or more capable than another. As the circle of people in the community contribute and learn together, the circle grows upward, transforming into a cylinder, showing equitable growth for all.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_61553\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 940px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-61553 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/Community-Up.Teaching-Fiercely.Kass-Minor-e1682970469525.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"940\" height=\"585\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/Community-Up.Teaching-Fiercely.Kass-Minor-e1682970469525.png 940w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/Community-Up.Teaching-Fiercely.Kass-Minor-e1682970469525-800x498.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/Community-Up.Teaching-Fiercely.Kass-Minor-e1682970469525-160x100.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/Community-Up.Teaching-Fiercely.Kass-Minor-e1682970469525-768x478.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 940px) 100vw, 940px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">With permission from Cinnamon Kills First, I imposed the categorization and labels to the shapes she presented at the Fifteenth Annual Leadership Institute: Evaluating Student Voice Through Teacher Leadership conference. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Kass Minor)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">To the right of the cylindrical model, notice the triangle. The triangle is a more typical representation of how power and agency flows through a school. At the top, school leaders are positioned with ultimate decision-making power. Their vision, guidance and leadership (or lack thereof) significantly impacts how all people experience school.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">On the right bottom angle of the triangle, you will find teachers. The yellow arrows shown between teachers and school leaders demonstrate how connected they are as well as their relational power dynamic. This is significant: School leaders are almost always positioned above teachers.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Kids are placed on the bottom side of the triangle, representing their lack of power within the school, as well as the people with whom they are connected to: their parents and/or caregivers and their teachers. They also serve as a conduit for how teachers and parents and/or caregivers communicate with one another. That is, what kids say happens during their school day is interpreted by parents/caregivers in ways that shape their perspective on their child’s teacher. This can either hinder or strengthen teacher agency.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Finally, you’ll see the left side of the triangle connecting parents/caregivers to school leaders. This connection varies across school, but this body of voices has the power to heavily influence the ways in which school leaders strategize and make decisions.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The cylindrical, or “community-up” model allows the entire school community to contribute to the needs of school communities, enabling more space and time for teachers to plan, collaborate and be thoughtful when developing curriculum and making instructional decisions based on the needs of their students. Potentiality for community contributions is vast, and, again, looks very different depending on school demographics, resources and perspectives.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Below are a few examples of distributed community contributions:\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">One community I worked in solicited parent volunteers to serve as substitute teachers so their teachers on staff could participate in professional development together with me. Many parents and caregivers volunteered; however, this com- munity was affluent, mostly white and East Asian, and many volunteers had jobs with flexibility that allowed them to con- tribute their time during the school day.\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Another time, a principal I worked with liaised with a community sports group to spend time with children in the gym so teachers could curate their classroom libraries more thoughtfully together, rather than covering each other’s classrooms and doing the work in isolation. In that case, the community was predominantly immigrant and BIPOC, disadvantaged economically, but advantaged in that they had a long-term commitment to building cross-community relationships.\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">I’ve also seen students contribute to nourishing teachers’ agency. One school I worked in regularly invited students to attend curriculum-making sessions with teachers, acting as thought partners with their teachers to ensure their learning was relevant to their experience. These experiences were built across their advisory program, so when curriculum meetings happened, students were prepared to contribute in meaning- ful ways. This particular school served economically disad- vantaged students and was racially and economically diverse.\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Significantly, they were led by a visionary school leader with a strong, diverse school equity team who were equipped to actionize various learning structures they learned through workshops centering students, equity, and racial dynamics as part of their school experience.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignleft size-thumbnail wp-image-61554\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/image1-160x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"160\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/image1-160x200.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/image1-768x960.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/image1.jpg 775w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MsKass1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Kass Minor\u003c/a> is an inclusive educator and community organizer who is deeply involved in local, inquiry-based teacher research and school community development. Alongside partnerships with the University of Chicago, Teachers College Inclusive Classrooms Project, The Author Village and the New York City Department of Education, since 2004, she has worked as a teacher, staff developer, adjunct professor, speaker and documentarian. \u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003cem>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Kass reads books like other people listen to albums, and the classroom is her concert space. While Kass’s organizing work in school communities is inspired by her North Stars Myles Horton and Fannie Lou Hamer, her pedagogy is centered in joy from the communities that surround her and motivated by the idea that every adult can teach, and every student can learn. Teacherhood, paired with motherhood, has driven her love of information sharing and redefining who gets to be a knower in the fiery world we live in today. Keep in touch with her on social media @MsKass1, or follow her whereabouts by \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/TeachFierceUpdates\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">signing up for her newsletter\u003c/a>.\u003c/span>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/mindshift/61552/how-a-community-up-model-of-school-relationships-can-nurture-teacher-agency","authors":["4354"],"categories":["mindshift_21579"],"tags":["mindshift_21610","mindshift_21609","mindshift_21611","mindshift_231","mindshift_21213","mindshift_20775","mindshift_21601"],"featImg":"mindshift_61561","label":"mindshift"},"mindshift_61492":{"type":"posts","id":"mindshift_61492","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"mindshift","id":"61492","score":null,"sort":[1682476837000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"relax-your-adult-child-is-probably-fine","title":"Relax: Your adult child is probably fine","publishDate":1682476837,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Relax: Your adult child is probably fine | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"mindshift"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Before \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/ldsteinberg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Laurence Steinberg\u003c/a> started writing his latest book, he poked around on Google to examine the literature on parents of adult children. What he found surprised him. Most books were about estrangement, what most would consider a semi-permanent rupture between parent and child. As for the everyday fears that plague many mothers and fathers of adult children — over their kids’ apparently unhurried educations, leisurely careers, and foot-dragging with romantic partners — there was little to nothing. The Temple University professor of psychology and neuroscience who has studied young adults for decades decided that anxious parents would benefit from a closer look at the mysterious young adults in their midst. \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.laurencesteinberg.com/books/you-and-your-adult-child\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">You and Your Adult Child: How to Grow Together in Challenging Times\u003c/a>\u003c/em> is a comforting reality check that many of us need.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-61501 alignright\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/youyouradultchild-160x242.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"160\" height=\"242\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/youyouradultchild-160x242.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/youyouradultchild.jpg 264w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">“Delayed adulthood is a sociological phenomenon, not a psychological one; it’s a reflection of structural changes in the economy, the labor force and education,” Steinberg told me. Young adults do take longer than before to establish complete independence — about five years later than the prior generation. But there’s no evidence to support the notion that this delay is a signal of psychological distress. Indeed, settling more slowly into careers and family life makes sense when considering the cognitive development that’s occurring among those in their early 20s. Neuroscientists have figured out that \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">the young adult brain \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">is highly malleable and receptive to its environment. Young adults are growing and learning well into their 20s, meaning that the right challenges and experiences during this time will contribute to their development. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Steinberg debunks several established myths about older children that can preoccupy their parents. Consider marriage: As with other markers of young adulthood, marriage happens later than it ever used to — usually at age 30 for men and 28 for women — but does occur eventually for many people. Among individuals ages 33-44 in the top 40% of the income bracket, \u003ca href=\"https://www.brookings.edu/research/middle-class-marriage-is-declining-and-likely-deepening-inequality/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">almost 80% are married\u003c/a> — a similar number to their predecessors 40 years ago. While marriage is less common among lower-income couples, \u003ca href=\"https://www.census.gov/library/stories/2018/11/cohabitation-is-up-marriage-is-down-for-young-adults.html\">15% of 25- to 34-year-olds live with a partner\u003c/a>. Indeed, \u003ca href=\"https://www.bgsu.edu/ncfmr/resources/data/family-profiles/manning-carlson-trends-cohabitation-marriage-fp-21-04.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">75% of couples who got married from 2015-2019 cohabitated first\u003c/a>. There’s no need to fret over your happily unhitched older child: Many will marry eventually. “If I can help parents feel reassured that the world isn’t falling apart if their 30-year-old isn’t married, that will be valuable,” Steinberg told me. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Parents also worry about their kids’ delay in graduating from college and slow walk to finding a remunerative job. Why the dithering? Steinberg explains that the “four-year degree” is largely mythology: 40% of college freshmen never graduate, and those who do often take five or even six years to finish — a function, in part, of increasingly complex university degree requirements that tack on an extra semester or three. As well, graduates often find that potential employers expect their new hires to be learned in specialized skills that require even more training, further slowing their entry into the world of work. “It takes kids longer to get into their career,” Steinberg said. Also complicating matters, all the lead up to gainful employment often means kids remain financially dependent on their parents well into their 20s, or even beyond.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_61506\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 160px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-61506\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/YAYAC-author-photo-160x240.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"160\" height=\"240\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/YAYAC-author-photo-160x240.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/YAYAC-author-photo-800x1200.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/YAYAC-author-photo-1020x1530.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/YAYAC-author-photo-768x1152.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/YAYAC-author-photo-1024x1536.jpg 1024w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/YAYAC-author-photo-1365x2048.jpg 1365w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/YAYAC-author-photo-scaled.jpg 1707w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Laurence Steinberg\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">If parents of older children want to ease tensions over some of these concerns, they might shift the way they think about and respond to their kids’ path to adulthood. The first rule is to avoid ponderous comparisons between your own (faster, tidier) route to maturity and your child’s; “when I was your age,” is a conversation killer. Also, when considering whether to weigh in about your child’s job search, partner, finances, social media use, housekeeping (the list goes on), adopt a variation of the Hippocratic Oath: first, do no harm. As Steinberg puts it, “Speak up when you must, but unless your child specifically asks for it, keep your opinion to yourself.” Such discretion may not come naturally to a generation of parents who have been \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/tag/overparenting\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">hovering anxiously over their children\u003c/a> since birth. But stepping back and staying mum is the way to give your adult kids space to make their own decisions. It also signals that you have faith in their ability to figure out their own lives. And when young adults do snap back at a well-intended suggestion to just send an email about job possibilities to a well-connected friend, try not to take it personally. Advice from parents can feel like an attack on their competence and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/60624/young-adults-are-struggling-with-their-mental-health-is-more-childhood-independence-the-answer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ability to manage independently\u003c/a>. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">To be sure, some young adults are floundering, and do need \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/61186/what-parents-need-to-know-about-their-teens-mental-health\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">concerted support from their parents\u003c/a>. To protect against a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/61031/teen-girls-and-lgbtq-youth-plagued-by-violence-and-trauma-survey-says\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">mental health crisis\u003c/a>, parents should continue to provide love and support into their child’s adulthood, especially when their kids are under stress. They also might try to step in occasionally to offer practical support — babysitting, a dinner out or even a loan if money is the problem. Without being intrusive, they should encourage their grown kids to find ways to reduce stress. Finally, information about possible genetic inheritances that can make their offspring susceptible to alcoholism or mental illness should be discussed sensitively but clearly.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">There’s one more myth Steinberg explodes: Despite the glut of books with dire warnings about estrangement, such breaches are atypical in households where parents and kids have largely gotten along. The term itself is poorly defined, and varies from book to book; some classify temporary spats and disagreements between siblings as parent/child estrangement. Parenting books often talk about the bad side of things, Steinberg said. About adult kids, he added, “they want you in their life.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"In “You and Your Adult Child,” psychology and neuroscience professor Laurence Steinberg debunks myths about older children that can preoccupy their parents.\r\n","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1687978697,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":9,"wordCount":997},"headData":{"title":"Relax: Your adult child is probably fine | KQED","description":"In “You and Your Adult Child,” psychology and neuroscience professor Laurence Steinberg debunks myths about older children that can preoccupy their parents.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","socialDescription":"In “You and Your Adult Child,” psychology and neuroscience professor Laurence Steinberg debunks myths about older children that can preoccupy their parents.","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Relax: Your adult child is probably fine","datePublished":"2023-04-26T02:40:37.000Z","dateModified":"2023-06-28T18:58:17.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/mindshift/61492/relax-your-adult-child-is-probably-fine","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Before \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/ldsteinberg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Laurence Steinberg\u003c/a> started writing his latest book, he poked around on Google to examine the literature on parents of adult children. What he found surprised him. Most books were about estrangement, what most would consider a semi-permanent rupture between parent and child. As for the everyday fears that plague many mothers and fathers of adult children — over their kids’ apparently unhurried educations, leisurely careers, and foot-dragging with romantic partners — there was little to nothing. The Temple University professor of psychology and neuroscience who has studied young adults for decades decided that anxious parents would benefit from a closer look at the mysterious young adults in their midst. \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.laurencesteinberg.com/books/you-and-your-adult-child\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">You and Your Adult Child: How to Grow Together in Challenging Times\u003c/a>\u003c/em> is a comforting reality check that many of us need.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-61501 alignright\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/youyouradultchild-160x242.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"160\" height=\"242\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/youyouradultchild-160x242.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/youyouradultchild.jpg 264w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">“Delayed adulthood is a sociological phenomenon, not a psychological one; it’s a reflection of structural changes in the economy, the labor force and education,” Steinberg told me. Young adults do take longer than before to establish complete independence — about five years later than the prior generation. But there’s no evidence to support the notion that this delay is a signal of psychological distress. Indeed, settling more slowly into careers and family life makes sense when considering the cognitive development that’s occurring among those in their early 20s. Neuroscientists have figured out that \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">the young adult brain \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">is highly malleable and receptive to its environment. Young adults are growing and learning well into their 20s, meaning that the right challenges and experiences during this time will contribute to their development. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Steinberg debunks several established myths about older children that can preoccupy their parents. Consider marriage: As with other markers of young adulthood, marriage happens later than it ever used to — usually at age 30 for men and 28 for women — but does occur eventually for many people. Among individuals ages 33-44 in the top 40% of the income bracket, \u003ca href=\"https://www.brookings.edu/research/middle-class-marriage-is-declining-and-likely-deepening-inequality/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">almost 80% are married\u003c/a> — a similar number to their predecessors 40 years ago. While marriage is less common among lower-income couples, \u003ca href=\"https://www.census.gov/library/stories/2018/11/cohabitation-is-up-marriage-is-down-for-young-adults.html\">15% of 25- to 34-year-olds live with a partner\u003c/a>. Indeed, \u003ca href=\"https://www.bgsu.edu/ncfmr/resources/data/family-profiles/manning-carlson-trends-cohabitation-marriage-fp-21-04.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">75% of couples who got married from 2015-2019 cohabitated first\u003c/a>. There’s no need to fret over your happily unhitched older child: Many will marry eventually. “If I can help parents feel reassured that the world isn’t falling apart if their 30-year-old isn’t married, that will be valuable,” Steinberg told me. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Parents also worry about their kids’ delay in graduating from college and slow walk to finding a remunerative job. Why the dithering? Steinberg explains that the “four-year degree” is largely mythology: 40% of college freshmen never graduate, and those who do often take five or even six years to finish — a function, in part, of increasingly complex university degree requirements that tack on an extra semester or three. As well, graduates often find that potential employers expect their new hires to be learned in specialized skills that require even more training, further slowing their entry into the world of work. “It takes kids longer to get into their career,” Steinberg said. Also complicating matters, all the lead up to gainful employment often means kids remain financially dependent on their parents well into their 20s, or even beyond.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_61506\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 160px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-61506\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/YAYAC-author-photo-160x240.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"160\" height=\"240\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/YAYAC-author-photo-160x240.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/YAYAC-author-photo-800x1200.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/YAYAC-author-photo-1020x1530.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/YAYAC-author-photo-768x1152.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/YAYAC-author-photo-1024x1536.jpg 1024w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/YAYAC-author-photo-1365x2048.jpg 1365w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/YAYAC-author-photo-scaled.jpg 1707w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Laurence Steinberg\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">If parents of older children want to ease tensions over some of these concerns, they might shift the way they think about and respond to their kids’ path to adulthood. The first rule is to avoid ponderous comparisons between your own (faster, tidier) route to maturity and your child’s; “when I was your age,” is a conversation killer. Also, when considering whether to weigh in about your child’s job search, partner, finances, social media use, housekeeping (the list goes on), adopt a variation of the Hippocratic Oath: first, do no harm. As Steinberg puts it, “Speak up when you must, but unless your child specifically asks for it, keep your opinion to yourself.” Such discretion may not come naturally to a generation of parents who have been \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/tag/overparenting\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">hovering anxiously over their children\u003c/a> since birth. But stepping back and staying mum is the way to give your adult kids space to make their own decisions. It also signals that you have faith in their ability to figure out their own lives. And when young adults do snap back at a well-intended suggestion to just send an email about job possibilities to a well-connected friend, try not to take it personally. Advice from parents can feel like an attack on their competence and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/60624/young-adults-are-struggling-with-their-mental-health-is-more-childhood-independence-the-answer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ability to manage independently\u003c/a>. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">To be sure, some young adults are floundering, and do need \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/61186/what-parents-need-to-know-about-their-teens-mental-health\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">concerted support from their parents\u003c/a>. To protect against a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/61031/teen-girls-and-lgbtq-youth-plagued-by-violence-and-trauma-survey-says\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">mental health crisis\u003c/a>, parents should continue to provide love and support into their child’s adulthood, especially when their kids are under stress. They also might try to step in occasionally to offer practical support — babysitting, a dinner out or even a loan if money is the problem. Without being intrusive, they should encourage their grown kids to find ways to reduce stress. Finally, information about possible genetic inheritances that can make their offspring susceptible to alcoholism or mental illness should be discussed sensitively but clearly.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">There’s one more myth Steinberg explodes: Despite the glut of books with dire warnings about estrangement, such breaches are atypical in households where parents and kids have largely gotten along. The term itself is poorly defined, and varies from book to book; some classify temporary spats and disagreements between siblings as parent/child estrangement. Parenting books often talk about the bad side of things, Steinberg said. About adult kids, he added, “they want you in their life.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/mindshift/61492/relax-your-adult-child-is-probably-fine","authors":["4613"],"categories":["mindshift_21445","mindshift_21385"],"tags":["mindshift_21602","mindshift_21603","mindshift_21507","mindshift_20870","mindshift_231","mindshift_20568","mindshift_21038"],"featImg":"mindshift_61500","label":"mindshift"},"mindshift_61430":{"type":"posts","id":"mindshift_61430","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"mindshift","id":"61430","score":null,"sort":[1681782021000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"want-to-teach-quality-personal-finance-classes-follow-the-4-cs","title":"Want to teach quality personal finance classes? Follow the 4 Cs","publishDate":1681782021,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Want to teach quality personal finance classes? Follow the 4 Cs | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"mindshift"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Preferential access to concert ticket presales and exclusive entrances at popular venues are just two of the ways credit card companies try to \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/24/business/taylor-swift-tour-capital-one.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">entice young people to sign up for their first credit card\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Drawn in by benefits such as cash advances, many are not aware of looming consequences like high annual fees or \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.forbes.com/advisor/credit-cards/average-credit-card-interest-rate/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">steep interest rates\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> on debt. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://money.usnews.com/credit-cards/articles/survey-46-of-students-with-credit-cards-have-debt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">A 2022 survey\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> by U.S. News & World Report found that almost half of college students have credit card debt with nearly a quarter of respondents with debts over $2,000. One way to get kids to swipe their cards more responsibly and make better financial decisions overall is financial education. Students from states with high school financial education requirements were \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nefe.org/_images/research/Effects-of-K-12-Financial-Education-Mandates/Better-Borrowing-Report-MSU-Executive-Summary.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">21% less likely to carry a balance on a credit card during college\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, according to a 2018 economic analysis. Personal finance classes are on the rise with more states making these classes mandatory for graduation. Since 2019, the number of states that guarantee a personal finance course has \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ngpf.org/state-of-financial-education-report/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">tripled from six to 18\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Teachers are eager to teach this course because of the level of engagement they see from their students, because nobody leaves their classroom saying, ‘How am I going to use this in my real life?’ Every day they’re walking out with something that they can bring back to their families or something they can implement in their own lives,” said \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/TRanzetta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Tim Ranzetta\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, who taught personal finance to high schoolers at Eastside College Prep in California. He co-founded \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ngpf.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Next Gen Personal Finance\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> (NGPF), a nonprofit organization that provides personal finance curriculum and professional development for middle and high school teachers. Ranzetta recommends that teachers follow the four Cs – current, comprehensive, customizable and curated – to create \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/61246/students-want-to-learn-about-personal-financeand-hear-about-adults-money-mistakes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">effective personal finance classes\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> that equip students with the skills needed to manage their finances in the real world.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Current\u003c/span>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">A good personal finance class ensures that students are learning topics relevant to current life, not financial wisdom from a decade ago, according to Ranzetta. “If we’re not talking about current topics, we’re going to lose kids,” he said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Current financial topics that weren’t popular even a few years ago include cryptocurrency and non-fungible tokens (NFTs). Additionally, Ranzetta has seen sports betting become widely available with\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.forbes.com/sites/willyakowicz/2023/01/09/where-is-sports-betting-legal-america-2022/?sh=104a5167386b\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> nearly half of states now offering online sports betting from mobile phones\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Between\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.wsj.com/articles/problem-gambling-is-on-the-rise-among-young-men-11671388600\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> 60% and 80% of high school students\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> report having gambled for money in the past year, according to the National Council on Problem Gambling. Young men and \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.wsj.com/articles/problem-gambling-is-on-the-rise-among-young-men-11671388600\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">teen boys are particularly susceptible\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to gambling and risky behaviors.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ranzetta recommends that teachers incorporate explainers about financial topics in the news into a weekly lesson. For example, Tara Razi, a teacher at San Marcos High School who uses NGPF’s curriculum, brought an article to her personal finance class about “buy now, pay later,” a newly popular payment practice that allows consumers to make a purchase immediately and pay it off in installments. “I always try to keep things relevant and up to date,” she said during a California Department of Education \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/watch/live/?ref=watch_permalink&v=899620537677797\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">presentation\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> on the benefits of financial literacy. “‘Buy now, pay later’ is becoming such a big thing in our society because people are financially hurting post-pandemic with inflation.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Additionally, NGPF offers a weekly financial current events quiz game and explainer video called \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ngpf.org/fincap-friday/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">FinCap Friday\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> designed for classroom use.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"FinCap Friday: A Bank Run is No Fun | Hosted by @missbehelpful\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/Ijz9jislLxQ?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen>\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Comprehensive\u003c/span>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ranzetta said quality personal finance classes should cover a broad range of topics, including budgeting, investing, credit management and behavioral economics. From their first paycheck at a part-time job to accessing their retirement account, comprehensive financial literacy classes are designed to prepare students to manage money throughout all life stages and career trajectories. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">While almost all states have \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://files.consumerfinance.gov/f/201304_cfpb_OFE-Policy-White-Paper-Final.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">adopted content standards\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> that include personal finance, they don’t all require teaching the subject. Consequently, financial education can take a backseat to other requirements.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">To address this issue, some schools are integrating personal finance education into existing curricula. For example, the K-6 program, \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://everydaymath.uchicago.edu/about/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Everyday Math\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, teaches students how to use math to solve practical financial problems, such as making change and counting with tally marks. At the high school level, standalone financial literacy classes are more common because students are starting to make their own financial decisions. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Customizable \u003c/span>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0167268121005096#!\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">a randomized control study\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> conducted in Italy, students who took an instructor-led financial literacy class and students who took a similar online course showed increased financial literacy compared to a control group. But three months later, the effects persisted only for students in the instructor-led course.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“The thing about having 25 students in front of you in a personal finance class is every one of them has had a different experience with money,” said Ranzetta. “Ultimately, we’re shaped by our own experiences.” Ranzetta encourages teachers to tailor financial literacy lessons to their students so they can apply what they know to their real life financial decisions. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">For instance, financial literacy education can cater to college-bound students who may not get the support they need at home or at college and career offices. \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://nacacnet.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/soca2019_all.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">According to the National Association for College Admission Counseling, only 28% of public schools\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> employ at least one counselor with the exclusive responsibility of college counseling. “There’s a certain percentage of kids who are like, ‘This isn’t for me. I can’t possibly afford this, not recognizing that they may actually qualify for significant amounts of financial aid,” said Ranzetta.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Tara Razi’s students at San Marcos High School can schedule a time to meet with her and get hands-on support with their finances. One student, for example, asked Razi for step-by-step guidance in transferring money from a checking account to a savings account. Additionally, if students feel prepared after the credit management unit and get written permission from their parents, she will walk them through signing up for a credit card. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Curated\u003c/span>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Students have access to abundant financial information online, but they aren’t always great at \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/57665/as-bad-information-spreads-florida-schools-seek-to-teach-digital-literacy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">recognizing misinformation\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. “You have access to all the world’s information, which is great, but it’s also a curse,” said Ranzetta. It’s increasingly important to provide financial literacy at school that is based on advice from knowledgeable experts. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/07/27/1021262899/finance-money-tips-kids-families-conversations\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Parents are often students’ first financial literacy teachers\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. However, \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.momentive.ai/en/blog/cnbc-financial-literacy-2022/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">a recent survey by CNBC\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> shows that only 15% of parents said they spoke with their children more than once a week about household finances. “If they’re not getting it from parents and they’re not getting it from schools, they’re getting it from TikTok,” said Ranzetta. “They need to have the foundational knowledge to say, ‘Is this good advice or bad advice?” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">While personal finance classes won’t explicitly tell students exactly what choices to make with their money, quality financial education can help them understand their options.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"When financial literacy classes are current, comprehensive, customizable and curated, students develop the skills needed to manage their finances effectively in the real world.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1681781975,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":20,"wordCount":1207},"headData":{"title":"Want to teach quality personal finance classes? Follow the 4 Cs | KQED","description":"Since 2019, the number of states that require a personal finance course before high school graduation has tripled from 6 to 18.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Want to teach quality personal finance classes? Follow the 4 Cs","datePublished":"2023-04-18T01:40:21.000Z","dateModified":"2023-04-18T01:39:35.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/mindshift/61430/want-to-teach-quality-personal-finance-classes-follow-the-4-cs","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Preferential access to concert ticket presales and exclusive entrances at popular venues are just two of the ways credit card companies try to \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/24/business/taylor-swift-tour-capital-one.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">entice young people to sign up for their first credit card\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Drawn in by benefits such as cash advances, many are not aware of looming consequences like high annual fees or \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.forbes.com/advisor/credit-cards/average-credit-card-interest-rate/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">steep interest rates\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> on debt. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://money.usnews.com/credit-cards/articles/survey-46-of-students-with-credit-cards-have-debt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">A 2022 survey\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> by U.S. News & World Report found that almost half of college students have credit card debt with nearly a quarter of respondents with debts over $2,000. One way to get kids to swipe their cards more responsibly and make better financial decisions overall is financial education. Students from states with high school financial education requirements were \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nefe.org/_images/research/Effects-of-K-12-Financial-Education-Mandates/Better-Borrowing-Report-MSU-Executive-Summary.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">21% less likely to carry a balance on a credit card during college\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, according to a 2018 economic analysis. Personal finance classes are on the rise with more states making these classes mandatory for graduation. Since 2019, the number of states that guarantee a personal finance course has \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ngpf.org/state-of-financial-education-report/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">tripled from six to 18\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Teachers are eager to teach this course because of the level of engagement they see from their students, because nobody leaves their classroom saying, ‘How am I going to use this in my real life?’ Every day they’re walking out with something that they can bring back to their families or something they can implement in their own lives,” said \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/TRanzetta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Tim Ranzetta\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, who taught personal finance to high schoolers at Eastside College Prep in California. He co-founded \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ngpf.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Next Gen Personal Finance\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> (NGPF), a nonprofit organization that provides personal finance curriculum and professional development for middle and high school teachers. Ranzetta recommends that teachers follow the four Cs – current, comprehensive, customizable and curated – to create \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/61246/students-want-to-learn-about-personal-financeand-hear-about-adults-money-mistakes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">effective personal finance classes\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> that equip students with the skills needed to manage their finances in the real world.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Current\u003c/span>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">A good personal finance class ensures that students are learning topics relevant to current life, not financial wisdom from a decade ago, according to Ranzetta. “If we’re not talking about current topics, we’re going to lose kids,” he said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Current financial topics that weren’t popular even a few years ago include cryptocurrency and non-fungible tokens (NFTs). Additionally, Ranzetta has seen sports betting become widely available with\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.forbes.com/sites/willyakowicz/2023/01/09/where-is-sports-betting-legal-america-2022/?sh=104a5167386b\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> nearly half of states now offering online sports betting from mobile phones\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Between\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.wsj.com/articles/problem-gambling-is-on-the-rise-among-young-men-11671388600\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> 60% and 80% of high school students\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> report having gambled for money in the past year, according to the National Council on Problem Gambling. Young men and \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.wsj.com/articles/problem-gambling-is-on-the-rise-among-young-men-11671388600\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">teen boys are particularly susceptible\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to gambling and risky behaviors.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ranzetta recommends that teachers incorporate explainers about financial topics in the news into a weekly lesson. For example, Tara Razi, a teacher at San Marcos High School who uses NGPF’s curriculum, brought an article to her personal finance class about “buy now, pay later,” a newly popular payment practice that allows consumers to make a purchase immediately and pay it off in installments. “I always try to keep things relevant and up to date,” she said during a California Department of Education \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/watch/live/?ref=watch_permalink&v=899620537677797\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">presentation\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> on the benefits of financial literacy. “‘Buy now, pay later’ is becoming such a big thing in our society because people are financially hurting post-pandemic with inflation.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Additionally, NGPF offers a weekly financial current events quiz game and explainer video called \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ngpf.org/fincap-friday/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">FinCap Friday\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> designed for classroom use.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"FinCap Friday: A Bank Run is No Fun | Hosted by @missbehelpful\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/Ijz9jislLxQ?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen>\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Comprehensive\u003c/span>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ranzetta said quality personal finance classes should cover a broad range of topics, including budgeting, investing, credit management and behavioral economics. From their first paycheck at a part-time job to accessing their retirement account, comprehensive financial literacy classes are designed to prepare students to manage money throughout all life stages and career trajectories. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">While almost all states have \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://files.consumerfinance.gov/f/201304_cfpb_OFE-Policy-White-Paper-Final.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">adopted content standards\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> that include personal finance, they don’t all require teaching the subject. Consequently, financial education can take a backseat to other requirements.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">To address this issue, some schools are integrating personal finance education into existing curricula. For example, the K-6 program, \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://everydaymath.uchicago.edu/about/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Everyday Math\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, teaches students how to use math to solve practical financial problems, such as making change and counting with tally marks. At the high school level, standalone financial literacy classes are more common because students are starting to make their own financial decisions. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Customizable \u003c/span>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0167268121005096#!\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">a randomized control study\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> conducted in Italy, students who took an instructor-led financial literacy class and students who took a similar online course showed increased financial literacy compared to a control group. But three months later, the effects persisted only for students in the instructor-led course.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“The thing about having 25 students in front of you in a personal finance class is every one of them has had a different experience with money,” said Ranzetta. “Ultimately, we’re shaped by our own experiences.” Ranzetta encourages teachers to tailor financial literacy lessons to their students so they can apply what they know to their real life financial decisions. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">For instance, financial literacy education can cater to college-bound students who may not get the support they need at home or at college and career offices. \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://nacacnet.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/soca2019_all.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">According to the National Association for College Admission Counseling, only 28% of public schools\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> employ at least one counselor with the exclusive responsibility of college counseling. “There’s a certain percentage of kids who are like, ‘This isn’t for me. I can’t possibly afford this, not recognizing that they may actually qualify for significant amounts of financial aid,” said Ranzetta.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Tara Razi’s students at San Marcos High School can schedule a time to meet with her and get hands-on support with their finances. One student, for example, asked Razi for step-by-step guidance in transferring money from a checking account to a savings account. Additionally, if students feel prepared after the credit management unit and get written permission from their parents, she will walk them through signing up for a credit card. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Curated\u003c/span>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Students have access to abundant financial information online, but they aren’t always great at \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/57665/as-bad-information-spreads-florida-schools-seek-to-teach-digital-literacy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">recognizing misinformation\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. “You have access to all the world’s information, which is great, but it’s also a curse,” said Ranzetta. It’s increasingly important to provide financial literacy at school that is based on advice from knowledgeable experts. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/07/27/1021262899/finance-money-tips-kids-families-conversations\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Parents are often students’ first financial literacy teachers\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. However, \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.momentive.ai/en/blog/cnbc-financial-literacy-2022/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">a recent survey by CNBC\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> shows that only 15% of parents said they spoke with their children more than once a week about household finances. “If they’re not getting it from parents and they’re not getting it from schools, they’re getting it from TikTok,” said Ranzetta. “They need to have the foundational knowledge to say, ‘Is this good advice or bad advice?” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">While personal finance classes won’t explicitly tell students exactly what choices to make with their money, quality financial education can help them understand their options.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/mindshift/61430/want-to-teach-quality-personal-finance-classes-follow-the-4-cs","authors":["11721"],"categories":["mindshift_21445","mindshift_21385","mindshift_21579","mindshift_193"],"tags":["mindshift_21306","mindshift_1024","mindshift_392","mindshift_21067","mindshift_21595","mindshift_231","mindshift_20568","mindshift_21596","mindshift_21594"],"featImg":"mindshift_61434","label":"mindshift"},"mindshift_61399":{"type":"posts","id":"mindshift_61399","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"mindshift","id":"61399","score":null,"sort":[1681261218000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"what-parenting-research-really-says-about-timeouts-and-how-to-use-them","title":"What parenting research really says about timeouts and how to use them","publishDate":1681261218,"format":"standard","headTitle":"What parenting research really says about timeouts and how to use them | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"mindshift"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003ci>A version of this story was \u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://parentingtranslator.substack.com/p/the-time-out-controversy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>originally published\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci> by Parenting Translator. Sign up for \u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://parentingtranslator.substack.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>the newsletter\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci> and follow Parenting Translator \u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/parentingtranslator/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>on Instagram\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>. This post was edited for length.\u003c/i>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">As a new parent, the gentle parenting movement was very appealing to me. Although my training as a psychologist and researcher did not focus on gentle parenting (since this approach as a whole has not yet been researched), I read books and blogs about gentle parenting and wholeheartedly endorsed the underlying concepts of being empathetic and responsive to our children’s needs and prioritizing the parent-child relationship. Like many parents, I wanted above all else to raise kind and compassionate children, and I hoped that the gentle parenting approach would help me achieve that goal. However, I was surprised to learn that some of the specifics of gentle parenting ran counter to my training as a psychologist. One particularly controversial difference is that gentle parenting tends to oppose timeout — a practice that I had recommended to parents frequently as a psychologist since it is a part of nearly every research-backed parenting program. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In my clinical work, I had seen firsthand that timeout could be a helpful tool for many families. However, as a parent, I was initially unsure about whether timeout would be right for our family. Before having my second child, I felt no need to use timeout. Redirection and emotion coaching were effective for our family. However, after having my second child, I often found myself in the very difficult situation of my 2-year-old being aggressive with her baby brother. Although I knew that this reaction was entirely developmentally normal, these situations were still very upsetting for me as a parent. Someone had just hurt my baby and it didn’t matter that it was my other baby who did it — I was angry. I needed a minute to calm down and tend to the baby before being able to handle the situation with my 2-year-old in a calm and effective way. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">I decided to try timeout. After this very brief separation I felt ready to handle my toddler and be the patient parent that I wanted to be. Six years later, I still use timeout to handle sibling fighting in my house. I find that it allows everyone, including me, to calm down and figure out what happened. It prevents me from losing my cool and yelling and allows my children a chance to separate from each other in order to calm down themselves. I now have the confidence to believe it is the right choice for my family but occasionally I see social media or blog posts about timeout that makes me question this approach, even as an experienced parent. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>History of timeout\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The concept of timeout was developed by a psychologist named Arthur Staats in the 1960s. It was created as an alternative to spanking and other forms of physical punishment, which were very popular at the time. The idea was that children would be briefly removed from a rewarding or stimulating environment when they showed a particular challenging behavior, like aggression. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Timeout is short for a timeout from positive reinforcement. It is based on the behavioral principle that when you take away positive reinforcement (translation: anything rewarding in the child’s environment such as toys, parents’ and siblings’ attention, or a fun activity), a behavior will occur less frequently. Therefore, this principle can only be applied when the parent provides a positive environment at other times (attention, positive interactions, enriching activities, etc.). This behavioral principle works for adults as well. For example, imagine your phone died when you were waiting at the DMV — it would be boring but tolerable and you would likely be more motivated to charge your phone before the next DMV appointment. Timeout is not meant to cause suffering but just to be very boring. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Research in the 1970s and 1980s found that timeout was very effective at reducing problematic behavior. In the 1990s and 2000s, timeout was included in many parenting intervention programs (translation: programs designed to improve parenting which would thus improve parent-child relationship and the child’s behavior). As study after study consistently supported the use of timeout, it began to be recommended by nearly all pediatricians and mental health professionals. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">It is unclear exactly when the opposition to timeout began but it may have originated in 2014, when authors Dan Siegel and Tina Payne Bryson wrote an article for \u003c/span>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Time\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> magazine called “Timeouts Are Hurting Your Child.” In this article, Siegel, a psychiatrist, and Bryson, a licensed clinical social worker, argued that children experience timeouts as rejection. They asserted that misbehavior in children is often a “cry for help calming down” and a “bid for connection.” They also argued that timeouts make children angrier and more dysregulated, which makes it harder for them to reflect on their behavior. Instead, they suggest that parents use “time-in” which involves “sitting with the child and talking or comforting [them].”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Siegel and Bryson used a brain imaging study to back up these claims. They wrote, “In a brain scan, relational pain — that caused by isolation during punishment — can look the same as physical abuse.” However, \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.wisebrain.org/papers/RejectionHurt.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">the study\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> they are referring to only included adults, and the adults in this study did not experience isolation during punishment but rather they were left out of a virtual ball-throwing game. The researchers found that social exclusion during this video game was associated with activation of the anterior cingulate cortex (a brain region that has been found in previous research to be linked to \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnint.2014.00035/full\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">physical pain\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, but also many, many other functions such as \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364661300014832?casa_token=odF2PuoUbp0AAAAA:tRZJ9Y44IajuTCoyvfUBSLCol_m_8QA6-jEd6xGARvYZMkVJiN2Y6fYCLjsUHV7WGH-jrFbp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">problem-solving and processing of all emotions\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">). While these findings are interesting, it is hard to understand how this study might be applied to timeout and they definitely cannot be used to conclude that isolation during punishment causes physical pain for children. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Siegel and Bryson later clarified that they were only referring to timeouts which were conducted in harsh or punitive ways. They wrote in \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://drdansiegel.com/you-said-what-about-time-outs/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">a follow-up piece\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> that they actually support the use of timeout when it is used “infrequently, calmly, and with lots of support and connection and positive support.” They explained that “the ‘appropriate’ use of timeouts calls for brief, infrequent, previously explained breaks from an interaction used as part of a thought-out parenting strategy that is followed by positive feedback and connection with a parent.” They added that “This seems not only reasonable, but it is an overall approach supported by the research as helpful for many children.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Yet, despite their clarification, the movement against timeout continued and a \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4179870/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">research study \u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">in 2014 found that 30% of websites on timeout inaccurately claimed the practice was either potentially harmful or ineffective. The researchers also found inconsistent or minimal information on research-backed timeout parameters. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">At the same time, timeout continues to be recommended by most psychologists and pediatricians, as well as the American Academy of Pediatrics, and the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">So what does the research actually find on timeout? Is timeout an effective discipline strategy or could it be harmful to children? \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Does timeout actually improve behavior?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Joe-Olmi/publication/236703899_Time-out_with_Parents_A_Descriptive_Analysis_of_30_Years_of_Research/links/5ecff89445851529451b422b/Time-out-with-Parents-A-Descriptive-Analysis-of-30-Years-of-Research.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Decades of high-quality research\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> finds that timeout is effective at addressing challenging behavior in children ages 3 to 7. Timeout is included in nearly every research-backed parenting program, including Triple P, Parent Child Interaction Therapy, The Incredible Years, Helping the Noncompliant Child, and Parent Management Training.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Many experimental studies have found that timeout decreases \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/07317107.2018.1487701?casa_token=B7btvBkT8eEAAAAA:XoiI9rWoMOju-qoOttKD9InHWFJ9T4ccTKayEC4FdxMkgnMAUhwPOKQkf1uEceP82hTfC_8WAyQd\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">sibling fighting\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, reduces \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0145445506297725?casa_token=TOwHVzDrVSkAAAAA:poAtl67hU0MiM3s78kDN2syXU2yiHn2X2J4KCJ7SDLkvtaJp3sRbbFX0nx0BB8l47UearYnWaWX7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">noncompliance and oppositionality (translation: not listening when your parents ask you to do something)\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, and decreases the frequency of \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0005789404800273\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">aggression and destruction of property among children with ADHD\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. More importantly, randomized controlled trials (the gold standard research design) find that timeout is very effective at increasing children’s compliance to demands (translation: listening to what you ask them to do) and reducing fighting and behavior problems like aggression and destruction of property. These randomized controlled trials need to be given significant weight, as they are the highest level of scientific evidence. They go beyond simply showing that two things are correlated and allow us to conclude that parenting programs that include timeout actually \u003c/span>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">cause\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> these positive behavior changes. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Taking a break from an emotionally charged situation is an important skill to learn to manage emotions as an adult. A \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://faculty.washington.edu/jdb/345/345%20Articles/bushman(2002).pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">seminal research study\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> in adults found that sitting quietly reduces anger to a greater extent than expressing it. This is similar to findings in adult relationship and marriage research that shows that when conflict reaches a certain level, more processing or engaging can be counterproductive; instead, evidence-based marriage interventions (such as \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.gottman.com/wp-content/uploads/Empirical-Basis-for-Gottman-Method-Therapy-May2013.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Gottman method\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">) recommend that each adult take a 20-minute break away from the situation (an adult timeout, if you will). \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://static1.squarespace.com/static/56c0eeaa7c65e465b5050feb/t/56c557ed627c54a999d9f35f/1455773677865/40_FinkelDewallSlotterOatenFoshee2009_JPSP.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Research\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> finds that this practice helps adults to stay calm and be less aggressive.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Does timeout cause harm in any way?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">However, many parents are not worried about only whether timeout improves behavior but also whether it causes emotional harm to their children and how it might impact the parent-child relationship. \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://journals.lww.com/jrnldbp/fulltext/2020/01000/longitudinal_relationship_between_time_out_and.5.aspx?casa_token=J3QpIVPKJloAAAAA:bSl7kEp99of6sbW4nQ5ejvYPNCSGkF9LpZ2KCQX1QPMqqDJPzI4NnN-tSO3KuQVvM7sJLGc84pxIXL7BTPqL3ws\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">A 2020 study\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> addressed this very question by examining the impact of timeout on children’s long-term social and emotional development. The researchers found in this study that when parents used timeout, their children were \u003c/span>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">not\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> more likely to show signs of anxiety or depression, aggression, rule-breaking behavior or difficulties with self-control. Timeout was also not associated with any impact on creativity or differences in how the children interacted with the parents or the parent-child relationship. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://srcd.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2009.01409.x?casa_token=NwguQ_W61BkAAAAA:CMLV4tzNFbHUkJK2jZhyH7ri9iOwTVYn-MktkTDJqUms_nEryXTgti8PeC3gSU3QWO7VSSxCTNRowdk\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Another study\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> including families from many different countries found that the frequency of timeout was associated with increases in mother-reported levels of child anxiety but not child-reported anxiety and was not linked to any differences in either mother-reported or child-reported aggression. This finding is hard to interpret but suggests that mothers may be worried about their child’s anxiety if they use timeout but the children are not reporting any changes in their anxiety themselves.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">It is important to note that in both of these studies, the researchers did not train parents in how to implement timeout or measure whether timeout was used “appropriately.” Therefore, this research suggests that timeout even as implemented by most parents (which is \u003c/span>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">not\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> the way recommended by research) is not associated with negative outcomes. It is also striking that very different results were found in both studies for harsh discipline tactics, such as spanking/physical punishment, yelling and expressing disappointment, which were linked to increased aggression in children. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Now, you might be thinking: “These studies are all correlational…how do we know that timeout doesn’t actually \u003c/span>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">cause any\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> emotional harms?” Fortunately, we also have research suggesting that parenting programs that include timeout do not cause harm and often cause positive changes in children’s mental health. Randomized controlled trials of parenting programs that include timeout found that these programs were effective in not only reducing behavioral problems but also improving children’s mental health. Specifically, children who complete these programs show \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/2494708\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">fewer symptoms of anxiety and depression\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and are \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/2494708\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">less likely to show emotional problems\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. A \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2795824\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">recent nonrandomized controlled trial\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> also found that a parenting program that included timeout improved children’s mental health.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In addition, research that looks at the \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK75130/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">different components of these programs found that teaching parents timeout in particular was associated with more positive child and parent outcomes\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. In other words, programs that included timeout were found to be more effective in improving parent-child interactions than programs that did not. \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0005796712000186?casa_token=V49Q4fBGoroAAAAA:ke3e8U7goWm1vn_h4uWwK9tT218LfhpP_kl7n3PJkT_hXz4X9fG05X8hHVoPzw4zeTVgfMpF\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Research\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> also finds that parents show less harsh punishments after learning timeout through one of these programs. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">However, it is very important to mention that timeout has rarely been studied outside of the context of these positive parenting programs. Therefore, we do not know if timeout will have these positive outcomes when it is not being used with other positive parenting strategies. This is consistent with the very definition of an evidence-based timeout; all evidence-based programs specify that timeout should only be used when paired with positive parenting strategies.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cb>So should I use timeout?\u003c/b>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">As with all parenting decisions, you can use the research as a guide but ultimately you as a parent are the only one who knows what is best for your child and your family. Timeout is an effective tool that parents may or may not choose to use. This decision should not be based on fear or misinformation, but rather guided by your intuition, values, and knowledge of your specific child and family. If it does not feel right to you as a parent to use timeout, then it is important to know that the research does not indicate that you \u003c/span>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">must \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">use timeout in order to be an effective parent.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Even in light of the research finding no harms of timeout, it is important to remember the limitations of timeout. Timeout does not teach your child what to do instead of the challenging behavior and does not teach them about their emotions. Therefore, timeout should only be used in the context of other positive parenting skills, such as emotional coaching (talking to our children about their emotions and the emotions of others), teaching coping strategies and other appropriate skills, and focusing on a positive relationship between parent and child. We also need more research on timeout, including further research examining the long-term impacts of timeout.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">If you are using these positive parenting skills and you would like to also use timeout occasionally, you can add timeout to your parenting toolkit without any guilt. \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.rch.org.au/uploadedFiles/Main/Content/ccch/Risk_factors_for_childhood_mental_health_symptoms_Bayer.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Research\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> consistently finds that harsh discipline tactics, such as yelling or physical punishment, are associated with increased mental health symptoms in children. If timeout gives you and your child a chance to calm down before you resort to these strategies, it might make sense. You can also use timeout and still use gentle parenting strategies that are backed by research such as emotional validation, empathy and positive attention. Despite how it is depicted on social media, parenting is not black-and-white and it is really up to you to determine what is right for your child and your family.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>Cara Goodwin, PhD, is a licensed psychologist, a mother of three and the founder of \u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://parentingtranslator.substack.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>Parenting Translator\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>, a nonprofit newsletter that turns scientific research into information that is accurate, relevant and useful for parents.\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>All Parenting Translator newsletters are reviewed by experts in the topic to make sure that they are as helpful and as accurate for parents as possible. This post was reviewed by Jenna Elgin and Shanna Alvarez, who are licensed psychologists and the founders of Helping Families Thrive (HFT). The mission at HFT is to bring parenting science to the everyday parent via easily-accessible, modern parenting resources (including \u003ca href=\"http://www.instagram.com/helpingfamiliesthrive\" rel=\"\">social media\u003c/a>, podcasts, \u003ca href=\"http://www.helpingfamiliesthrive.com/blog\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">blogging\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://helpingfamiliesthrive.com/courses/parenting-essentials/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">digital courses\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://helpingfamiliesthrive.com/workshops/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">workshops\u003c/a>). They also provide direct clinical work with families and conduct trainings for schools and professional organizations. Get their free emotion regulation guide \u003ca href=\"https://view.flodesk.com/pages/623398a4e4da3a4464c30979\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Contrary to claims of gentle parenting influencers, timeout hasn't been found to harm kids. Used alongside other effective parenting techniques, it can reduce oppositional behaviors.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1688826383,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":32,"wordCount":2593},"headData":{"title":"What parenting research really says about timeouts and how to use them | KQED","description":"Contrary to claims of gentle parenting influencers, timeout hasn't been found to harm kids. Used alongside other effective techniques, it can reduce oppositional behaviors.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","socialDescription":"Contrary to claims of gentle parenting influencers, timeout hasn't been found to harm kids. Used alongside other effective techniques, it can reduce oppositional behaviors.","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"What parenting research really says about timeouts and how to use them","datePublished":"2023-04-12T01:00:18.000Z","dateModified":"2023-07-08T14:26:23.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"nprByline":"Cara Goodwin, \u003ca href=\"https://parentingtranslator.org\" target=\"_blank\">The Parenting Translator\u003c/a>","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/mindshift/61399/what-parenting-research-really-says-about-timeouts-and-how-to-use-them","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003ci>A version of this story was \u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://parentingtranslator.substack.com/p/the-time-out-controversy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>originally published\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci> by Parenting Translator. Sign up for \u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://parentingtranslator.substack.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>the newsletter\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci> and follow Parenting Translator \u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/parentingtranslator/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>on Instagram\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>. This post was edited for length.\u003c/i>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">As a new parent, the gentle parenting movement was very appealing to me. Although my training as a psychologist and researcher did not focus on gentle parenting (since this approach as a whole has not yet been researched), I read books and blogs about gentle parenting and wholeheartedly endorsed the underlying concepts of being empathetic and responsive to our children’s needs and prioritizing the parent-child relationship. Like many parents, I wanted above all else to raise kind and compassionate children, and I hoped that the gentle parenting approach would help me achieve that goal. However, I was surprised to learn that some of the specifics of gentle parenting ran counter to my training as a psychologist. One particularly controversial difference is that gentle parenting tends to oppose timeout — a practice that I had recommended to parents frequently as a psychologist since it is a part of nearly every research-backed parenting program. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In my clinical work, I had seen firsthand that timeout could be a helpful tool for many families. However, as a parent, I was initially unsure about whether timeout would be right for our family. Before having my second child, I felt no need to use timeout. Redirection and emotion coaching were effective for our family. However, after having my second child, I often found myself in the very difficult situation of my 2-year-old being aggressive with her baby brother. Although I knew that this reaction was entirely developmentally normal, these situations were still very upsetting for me as a parent. Someone had just hurt my baby and it didn’t matter that it was my other baby who did it — I was angry. I needed a minute to calm down and tend to the baby before being able to handle the situation with my 2-year-old in a calm and effective way. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">I decided to try timeout. After this very brief separation I felt ready to handle my toddler and be the patient parent that I wanted to be. Six years later, I still use timeout to handle sibling fighting in my house. I find that it allows everyone, including me, to calm down and figure out what happened. It prevents me from losing my cool and yelling and allows my children a chance to separate from each other in order to calm down themselves. I now have the confidence to believe it is the right choice for my family but occasionally I see social media or blog posts about timeout that makes me question this approach, even as an experienced parent. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>History of timeout\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The concept of timeout was developed by a psychologist named Arthur Staats in the 1960s. It was created as an alternative to spanking and other forms of physical punishment, which were very popular at the time. The idea was that children would be briefly removed from a rewarding or stimulating environment when they showed a particular challenging behavior, like aggression. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Timeout is short for a timeout from positive reinforcement. It is based on the behavioral principle that when you take away positive reinforcement (translation: anything rewarding in the child’s environment such as toys, parents’ and siblings’ attention, or a fun activity), a behavior will occur less frequently. Therefore, this principle can only be applied when the parent provides a positive environment at other times (attention, positive interactions, enriching activities, etc.). This behavioral principle works for adults as well. For example, imagine your phone died when you were waiting at the DMV — it would be boring but tolerable and you would likely be more motivated to charge your phone before the next DMV appointment. Timeout is not meant to cause suffering but just to be very boring. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Research in the 1970s and 1980s found that timeout was very effective at reducing problematic behavior. In the 1990s and 2000s, timeout was included in many parenting intervention programs (translation: programs designed to improve parenting which would thus improve parent-child relationship and the child’s behavior). As study after study consistently supported the use of timeout, it began to be recommended by nearly all pediatricians and mental health professionals. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">It is unclear exactly when the opposition to timeout began but it may have originated in 2014, when authors Dan Siegel and Tina Payne Bryson wrote an article for \u003c/span>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Time\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> magazine called “Timeouts Are Hurting Your Child.” In this article, Siegel, a psychiatrist, and Bryson, a licensed clinical social worker, argued that children experience timeouts as rejection. They asserted that misbehavior in children is often a “cry for help calming down” and a “bid for connection.” They also argued that timeouts make children angrier and more dysregulated, which makes it harder for them to reflect on their behavior. Instead, they suggest that parents use “time-in” which involves “sitting with the child and talking or comforting [them].”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Siegel and Bryson used a brain imaging study to back up these claims. They wrote, “In a brain scan, relational pain — that caused by isolation during punishment — can look the same as physical abuse.” However, \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.wisebrain.org/papers/RejectionHurt.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">the study\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> they are referring to only included adults, and the adults in this study did not experience isolation during punishment but rather they were left out of a virtual ball-throwing game. The researchers found that social exclusion during this video game was associated with activation of the anterior cingulate cortex (a brain region that has been found in previous research to be linked to \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnint.2014.00035/full\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">physical pain\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, but also many, many other functions such as \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364661300014832?casa_token=odF2PuoUbp0AAAAA:tRZJ9Y44IajuTCoyvfUBSLCol_m_8QA6-jEd6xGARvYZMkVJiN2Y6fYCLjsUHV7WGH-jrFbp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">problem-solving and processing of all emotions\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">). While these findings are interesting, it is hard to understand how this study might be applied to timeout and they definitely cannot be used to conclude that isolation during punishment causes physical pain for children. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Siegel and Bryson later clarified that they were only referring to timeouts which were conducted in harsh or punitive ways. They wrote in \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://drdansiegel.com/you-said-what-about-time-outs/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">a follow-up piece\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> that they actually support the use of timeout when it is used “infrequently, calmly, and with lots of support and connection and positive support.” They explained that “the ‘appropriate’ use of timeouts calls for brief, infrequent, previously explained breaks from an interaction used as part of a thought-out parenting strategy that is followed by positive feedback and connection with a parent.” They added that “This seems not only reasonable, but it is an overall approach supported by the research as helpful for many children.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Yet, despite their clarification, the movement against timeout continued and a \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4179870/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">research study \u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">in 2014 found that 30% of websites on timeout inaccurately claimed the practice was either potentially harmful or ineffective. The researchers also found inconsistent or minimal information on research-backed timeout parameters. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">At the same time, timeout continues to be recommended by most psychologists and pediatricians, as well as the American Academy of Pediatrics, and the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">So what does the research actually find on timeout? Is timeout an effective discipline strategy or could it be harmful to children? \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Does timeout actually improve behavior?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Joe-Olmi/publication/236703899_Time-out_with_Parents_A_Descriptive_Analysis_of_30_Years_of_Research/links/5ecff89445851529451b422b/Time-out-with-Parents-A-Descriptive-Analysis-of-30-Years-of-Research.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Decades of high-quality research\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> finds that timeout is effective at addressing challenging behavior in children ages 3 to 7. Timeout is included in nearly every research-backed parenting program, including Triple P, Parent Child Interaction Therapy, The Incredible Years, Helping the Noncompliant Child, and Parent Management Training.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Many experimental studies have found that timeout decreases \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/07317107.2018.1487701?casa_token=B7btvBkT8eEAAAAA:XoiI9rWoMOju-qoOttKD9InHWFJ9T4ccTKayEC4FdxMkgnMAUhwPOKQkf1uEceP82hTfC_8WAyQd\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">sibling fighting\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, reduces \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0145445506297725?casa_token=TOwHVzDrVSkAAAAA:poAtl67hU0MiM3s78kDN2syXU2yiHn2X2J4KCJ7SDLkvtaJp3sRbbFX0nx0BB8l47UearYnWaWX7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">noncompliance and oppositionality (translation: not listening when your parents ask you to do something)\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, and decreases the frequency of \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0005789404800273\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">aggression and destruction of property among children with ADHD\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. More importantly, randomized controlled trials (the gold standard research design) find that timeout is very effective at increasing children’s compliance to demands (translation: listening to what you ask them to do) and reducing fighting and behavior problems like aggression and destruction of property. These randomized controlled trials need to be given significant weight, as they are the highest level of scientific evidence. They go beyond simply showing that two things are correlated and allow us to conclude that parenting programs that include timeout actually \u003c/span>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">cause\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> these positive behavior changes. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Taking a break from an emotionally charged situation is an important skill to learn to manage emotions as an adult. A \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://faculty.washington.edu/jdb/345/345%20Articles/bushman(2002).pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">seminal research study\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> in adults found that sitting quietly reduces anger to a greater extent than expressing it. This is similar to findings in adult relationship and marriage research that shows that when conflict reaches a certain level, more processing or engaging can be counterproductive; instead, evidence-based marriage interventions (such as \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.gottman.com/wp-content/uploads/Empirical-Basis-for-Gottman-Method-Therapy-May2013.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Gottman method\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">) recommend that each adult take a 20-minute break away from the situation (an adult timeout, if you will). \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://static1.squarespace.com/static/56c0eeaa7c65e465b5050feb/t/56c557ed627c54a999d9f35f/1455773677865/40_FinkelDewallSlotterOatenFoshee2009_JPSP.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Research\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> finds that this practice helps adults to stay calm and be less aggressive.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Does timeout cause harm in any way?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">However, many parents are not worried about only whether timeout improves behavior but also whether it causes emotional harm to their children and how it might impact the parent-child relationship. \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://journals.lww.com/jrnldbp/fulltext/2020/01000/longitudinal_relationship_between_time_out_and.5.aspx?casa_token=J3QpIVPKJloAAAAA:bSl7kEp99of6sbW4nQ5ejvYPNCSGkF9LpZ2KCQX1QPMqqDJPzI4NnN-tSO3KuQVvM7sJLGc84pxIXL7BTPqL3ws\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">A 2020 study\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> addressed this very question by examining the impact of timeout on children’s long-term social and emotional development. The researchers found in this study that when parents used timeout, their children were \u003c/span>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">not\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> more likely to show signs of anxiety or depression, aggression, rule-breaking behavior or difficulties with self-control. Timeout was also not associated with any impact on creativity or differences in how the children interacted with the parents or the parent-child relationship. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://srcd.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2009.01409.x?casa_token=NwguQ_W61BkAAAAA:CMLV4tzNFbHUkJK2jZhyH7ri9iOwTVYn-MktkTDJqUms_nEryXTgti8PeC3gSU3QWO7VSSxCTNRowdk\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Another study\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> including families from many different countries found that the frequency of timeout was associated with increases in mother-reported levels of child anxiety but not child-reported anxiety and was not linked to any differences in either mother-reported or child-reported aggression. This finding is hard to interpret but suggests that mothers may be worried about their child’s anxiety if they use timeout but the children are not reporting any changes in their anxiety themselves.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">It is important to note that in both of these studies, the researchers did not train parents in how to implement timeout or measure whether timeout was used “appropriately.” Therefore, this research suggests that timeout even as implemented by most parents (which is \u003c/span>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">not\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> the way recommended by research) is not associated with negative outcomes. It is also striking that very different results were found in both studies for harsh discipline tactics, such as spanking/physical punishment, yelling and expressing disappointment, which were linked to increased aggression in children. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Now, you might be thinking: “These studies are all correlational…how do we know that timeout doesn’t actually \u003c/span>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">cause any\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> emotional harms?” Fortunately, we also have research suggesting that parenting programs that include timeout do not cause harm and often cause positive changes in children’s mental health. Randomized controlled trials of parenting programs that include timeout found that these programs were effective in not only reducing behavioral problems but also improving children’s mental health. Specifically, children who complete these programs show \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/2494708\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">fewer symptoms of anxiety and depression\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and are \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/2494708\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">less likely to show emotional problems\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. A \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2795824\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">recent nonrandomized controlled trial\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> also found that a parenting program that included timeout improved children’s mental health.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In addition, research that looks at the \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK75130/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">different components of these programs found that teaching parents timeout in particular was associated with more positive child and parent outcomes\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. In other words, programs that included timeout were found to be more effective in improving parent-child interactions than programs that did not. \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0005796712000186?casa_token=V49Q4fBGoroAAAAA:ke3e8U7goWm1vn_h4uWwK9tT218LfhpP_kl7n3PJkT_hXz4X9fG05X8hHVoPzw4zeTVgfMpF\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Research\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> also finds that parents show less harsh punishments after learning timeout through one of these programs. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">However, it is very important to mention that timeout has rarely been studied outside of the context of these positive parenting programs. Therefore, we do not know if timeout will have these positive outcomes when it is not being used with other positive parenting strategies. This is consistent with the very definition of an evidence-based timeout; all evidence-based programs specify that timeout should only be used when paired with positive parenting strategies.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cb>So should I use timeout?\u003c/b>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">As with all parenting decisions, you can use the research as a guide but ultimately you as a parent are the only one who knows what is best for your child and your family. Timeout is an effective tool that parents may or may not choose to use. This decision should not be based on fear or misinformation, but rather guided by your intuition, values, and knowledge of your specific child and family. If it does not feel right to you as a parent to use timeout, then it is important to know that the research does not indicate that you \u003c/span>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">must \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">use timeout in order to be an effective parent.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Even in light of the research finding no harms of timeout, it is important to remember the limitations of timeout. Timeout does not teach your child what to do instead of the challenging behavior and does not teach them about their emotions. Therefore, timeout should only be used in the context of other positive parenting skills, such as emotional coaching (talking to our children about their emotions and the emotions of others), teaching coping strategies and other appropriate skills, and focusing on a positive relationship between parent and child. We also need more research on timeout, including further research examining the long-term impacts of timeout.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">If you are using these positive parenting skills and you would like to also use timeout occasionally, you can add timeout to your parenting toolkit without any guilt. \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.rch.org.au/uploadedFiles/Main/Content/ccch/Risk_factors_for_childhood_mental_health_symptoms_Bayer.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Research\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> consistently finds that harsh discipline tactics, such as yelling or physical punishment, are associated with increased mental health symptoms in children. If timeout gives you and your child a chance to calm down before you resort to these strategies, it might make sense. You can also use timeout and still use gentle parenting strategies that are backed by research such as emotional validation, empathy and positive attention. Despite how it is depicted on social media, parenting is not black-and-white and it is really up to you to determine what is right for your child and your family.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>Cara Goodwin, PhD, is a licensed psychologist, a mother of three and the founder of \u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://parentingtranslator.substack.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>Parenting Translator\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>, a nonprofit newsletter that turns scientific research into information that is accurate, relevant and useful for parents.\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>All Parenting Translator newsletters are reviewed by experts in the topic to make sure that they are as helpful and as accurate for parents as possible. This post was reviewed by Jenna Elgin and Shanna Alvarez, who are licensed psychologists and the founders of Helping Families Thrive (HFT). The mission at HFT is to bring parenting science to the everyday parent via easily-accessible, modern parenting resources (including \u003ca href=\"http://www.instagram.com/helpingfamiliesthrive\" rel=\"\">social media\u003c/a>, podcasts, \u003ca href=\"http://www.helpingfamiliesthrive.com/blog\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">blogging\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://helpingfamiliesthrive.com/courses/parenting-essentials/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">digital courses\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://helpingfamiliesthrive.com/workshops/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">workshops\u003c/a>). They also provide direct clinical work with families and conduct trainings for schools and professional organizations. Get their free emotion regulation guide \u003ca href=\"https://view.flodesk.com/pages/623398a4e4da3a4464c30979\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/mindshift/61399/what-parenting-research-really-says-about-timeouts-and-how-to-use-them","authors":["byline_mindshift_61399"],"categories":["mindshift_21385"],"tags":["mindshift_21474","mindshift_21588","mindshift_231","mindshift_20568","mindshift_21706","mindshift_290","mindshift_21703","mindshift_21587"],"featImg":"mindshift_61403","label":"mindshift"},"mindshift_59143":{"type":"posts","id":"mindshift_59143","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"mindshift","id":"59143","score":null,"sort":[1653686438000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"war-crisis-tragedy-how-to-talk-with-kids-when-the-news-is-scary","title":"What to Say to Kids When The News Is Scary","publishDate":1653686438,"format":"standard","headTitle":"MindShift | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"mindshift"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11915314/como-hablar-con-los-ninos-cuando-las-noticias-dan-miedo\">\u003cem>Leer en español\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The news can be devastating: Communities are reeling after a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/05/25/1101175912/uvalde-texas-shooting-victims-4th-grade-classroom\">mass shooting killed 21 people — including 19 children — at an elementary school in Uvalde, Texas.\u003c/a> That's after a\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/05/18/1099642679/the-buffalo-community-honors-victims-of-the-tops-shooting-and-calls-for-big-chan\"> shooter, motivated by a racist conspiracy theory, shot and killed 10 people at a grocery store in Buffalo, N.Y.\u003c/a>, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/05/17/1099453183/dallas-koreatown-hair-salon-shooting-arrest-hate-crime\">another shooter in Dallas injured three women of Asian descent \u003c/a>in what the police chief called \"a hate crime.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These events can be incomprehensible for adults — so how do we talk about them with kids?\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[aside postID='news_11915314' label='Read this story in Spanish']\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We spoke with a handful of child development experts about what parents, teachers and other caregivers can say to help kids process all the scary news out there. Here's what they had to say:\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Limit their exposure to breaking news\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\"We can control the amount of information. We can control the amount of exposure,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.sesameworkshop.org/who-we-are/our-leadership/rosemarie-truglio\">Rosemarie Truglio\u003c/a>, senior vice president of curriculum and content at Sesame Workshop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Truglio says that for starters, try not to let your children experience the news without you. That includes letting the TV or audio play in the background. In 2017, 42 percent of parents of young children told Common Sense Media that \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/ed/2017/10/19/558178851/young-children-are-spending-much-more-time-in-front-of-small-screens\">the TV is on \"always\" or \"most\" of the time\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a little girl growing up in rural Louisiana, Alison Aucoin remembers her father watching the evening news during the Vietnam War. \"The way that our house was set up, it was kind of impossible for me to completely miss it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aucoin vividly recalls the rapid fire of rifles and the shouting of soldiers, but it was two \u003cem>words\u003c/em> that the reporters and anchors kept using that truly frightened her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"[I] heard the words 'guerrilla warfare' and ... thought, gorillas — like apes,\" Aucoin says. \"And I literally had a plan for where I would hide in my closet when the gorillas came.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Truglio says that because we can't control the news itself, adults need to control the technology that exposes kids to potentially traumatic news.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>For big stories, ask: \"What have you heard and how are you feeling?\"\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>While it's important to limit your kids' exposure to potentially frightening media, some stories are simply too big to avoid. And as kids get older, if they don't hear about it at home, they'll almost certainly hear something from classmates at school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.montclair.edu/newscenter/experts/dr-tara-l-conley/\">Tara Conley\u003c/a>, a media researcher at Montclair State University, says adults should choose a quiet moment to check in with their kids, maybe at the dinner table or at bedtime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea, she says, is to allow kids to \"ask questions about what they're seeing, how they're feeling and what do they think.\" In other words: Give kids a safe space to reflect and share.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Give kids facts and context\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Check-ins also allow you to debunk memes, myths and misconceptions, and that's important in the social media maelstrom, says Holly Korbey, author of \u003ca href=\"https://www.hollykorbey.com/buildingbettercitizens\">Building Better Citizens\u003c/a>\u003cem>, \u003c/em>a new book on civics education. In the days since the recent Iran news broke, she says, \"My own teenagers were showing me these memes and rumors on Instagram spreading about boys being drafted for World War III, no kidding.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Korbey says, \"One of the most important things parents can do in this scary climate is to talk to kids about facts. For example: 'No, there is not a draft, and no we haven't started World War III.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Truglio says that if scary news is happening far from home, the best thing a parent or caregiver can do is to reach for a map. Then, she says, a child could \"see distance, that it's not in their immediate environment.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some traumatic events, however, might be closer to home — a school shooting, for example. In that case, it's important to convey that, overall, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/03/15/593831564/the-disconnect-between-perceived-danger-in-u-s-schools-and-reality\">such events are incredibly rare\u003c/a>. After all, that's why it's news.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>When they ask why something happened, avoid labels like \"bad guys\"\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Evan Nierman, a father of two, lives in Parkland, Fla. His son turned 11 the day after the 2018 shooting at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School, and his daughter was 8. He says one of the toughest moments for him as a father was when his kids asked why the shooting happened. \"And there's obviously not a great answer for that. It's hard to explain.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Truglio says we should resist the temptation to label anyone \"bad guys\" or \"evil.\" It's not helpful, and it may increase fear and confusion. Instead, she says, talk about people being in pain, being angry and making bad choices. That's what Nierman and his wife settled on, telling their children that the shooter wasn't well and needed help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And according to Truglio, there's one important thing parents shouldn't be afraid to say: I don't know.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Sometimes we don't have the answers to all of these whys,\" she explains. \"It's important for parents to say ... 'I don't know why it happened.'\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Encourage kids to process the story through play and art\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Children often try to make sense of what they see and hear through art and creative play. Sometimes it can be disturbing for adults to see children reenact or draw something scary or violent, but this kind of play serves an important purpose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Conley says, \"Play is part of reconstructing [children's] own stories.\" She calls it \"meaning-making\" and says adults do it too — by discussing stories with friends or even sharing memes on social media. \"It also helps us make sense of the world around us ... when we're being bombarded with information,\" she explains, \"and it helps us discern credible information.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\"Look for the helpers\"\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/11/20/781140591/beautiful-day-director-on-mister-rogers-radical-notion-telling-kids-the-truth\">Fred Rogers\u003c/a>, the beloved children's TV host, famously passed on this advice from his mother: \"When something scary is happening, look for the helpers. You will always find people who are helping.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Truglio did this when she talked to her then-young son about the 2012 Sandy Hook school shooting. The shooting happened on a Friday, and she kept him away from the television all weekend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We didn't turn on the TV until President Obama spoke and there was a memorial service,\" Truglio says. \"We focused on the positive — how people were gathering and taking care of each other.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's evidence that talking about helpers really does make a difference in how kids see their world. After the Columbine school shooting in 1999, Sesame Workshop studied school-age children's perceptions of the world through their drawings. The images were full of violence, Truglio says: \"guns and knives and dead people.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But after the Sept. 11 attacks, just two years later, media coverage changed, she says, focusing more on themes like \"the country is strong. The country's coming together. We are united. We are going to get through this.\" And this made a difference for kids: Their drawings featured American flags and heroes like police officers or firefighters.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Take positive action together\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Alison Aucoin, who shared her memories and fears of the Vietnam War, is white; her daughter, Edelawit, was adopted from Ethiopia. Edelawit was just 7 years old when Michael Brown, a black teenager, was shot and killed while unarmed by a white police officer in Ferguson, Mo., in 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I was scared that something like this would happen to me,\" Edelawit, now 12, says, and ever since, whenever a similar, police-related shooting happens, she and her mother follow a few steps. First, her mother shares the news.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I always have time to process it,\" Edelawit says. \"And then she says what I can do to protect myself. And then we go and protest.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In talking with our children,\" Conley says, \"we also have to show them how we're helping too, and asking them, 'How do you see yourself as a helper in these situations?' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You might consider bringing your child to a peaceful rally or protest, collecting donations together or writing to an elected official. A sense of agency can dramatically reduce a child's anxiety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, don't just look for the helpers ... \u003cem>be\u003c/em> the helpers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3 class=\"edTag\">Additional resources\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.commonsensemedia.org/articles/explaining-the-news-to-our-kids\">Common Sense Media: Explaining news to kids\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://childmind.org/topics/trauma-grief/\">Child Mind Institute: Articles on kids, trauma and grief\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The podcast portion of this story was produced by Chloee Weiner. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>We'd love to hear from you. Leave us a voicemail at 202-216-9823, or email us at \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"mailto:LifeKit@npr.org\">\u003cem>LifeKit@npr.org\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>. For more Life Kit, \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/newsletter/life-kit\">\u003cem>subscribe to our newsletter\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=What+to+say+to+kids+when+the+news+is+scary+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\u003cem>This story was first published on KQED's site on February 25, 2021.\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Whether an international war, a flash flood or a school shooting, scary events in the news can leave parents struggling to know when — and how — they should talk with their kids about it. Rosemarie Truglio of Sesame Workshop and Tara Conley, a media studies professor at Montclair State University, give us tips.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1653686791,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":40,"wordCount":1470},"headData":{"title":"What to Say to Kids When The News Is Scary - MindShift","description":"Whether an international war, a flash flood or a school shooting, scary events in the news can leave parents struggling to know when — and how — they should talk with their kids about it. Rosemarie Truglio of Sesame Workshop and Tara Conley, a media studies professor at Montclair State University, give us tips.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"What to Say to Kids When The News Is Scary","datePublished":"2022-05-27T21:20:38.000Z","dateModified":"2022-05-27T21:26:31.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"59143 https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/?p=59143","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2022/05/27/war-crisis-tragedy-how-to-talk-with-kids-when-the-news-is-scary/","disqusTitle":"What to Say to Kids When The News Is Scary","nprImageCredit":"LA Johnson","nprByline":"Anya Kamenetz and Cory Turner","nprImageAgency":"NPR","nprStoryId":"716704917","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=716704917&profileTypeId=15&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/2019/04/24/716704917/when-the-news-is-scary-what-to-say-to-kids?ft=nprml&f=716704917","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Thu, 24 Feb 2022 13:48:00 -0500","nprStoryDate":"Thu, 24 Feb 2022 11:11:00 -0500","nprLastModifiedDate":"Thu, 24 Feb 2022 13:48:50 -0500","nprAudio":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-podcasts/podcast/npr/lkparenting/2019/04/20190416_lkparenting_life_kit_-_scary_stuff_in_the_news__-_final_30_for_dynamic_insertion-6e63ea1b-ffa4-420a-a19f-945bfc712e41.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1013&aggIds=676529561&d=1591&p=510342&story=716704917&t=podcast&e=716704917&ft=nprml&f=716704917","nprAudioM3u":"http://api.npr.org/m3u/1716705460-654685.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1013&aggIds=676529561&d=1591&p=510342&story=716704917&t=podcast&e=716704917&ft=nprml&f=716704917","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","path":"/mindshift/59143/war-crisis-tragedy-how-to-talk-with-kids-when-the-news-is-scary","audioUrl":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-podcasts/podcast/npr/lkparenting/2019/04/20190416_lkparenting_life_kit_-_scary_stuff_in_the_news__-_final_30_for_dynamic_insertion-6e63ea1b-ffa4-420a-a19f-945bfc712e41.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1013&aggIds=676529561&d=1591&p=510342&story=716704917&t=podcast&e=716704917&ft=nprml&f=716704917","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11915314/como-hablar-con-los-ninos-cuando-las-noticias-dan-miedo\">\u003cem>Leer en español\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The news can be devastating: Communities are reeling after a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/05/25/1101175912/uvalde-texas-shooting-victims-4th-grade-classroom\">mass shooting killed 21 people — including 19 children — at an elementary school in Uvalde, Texas.\u003c/a> That's after a\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/05/18/1099642679/the-buffalo-community-honors-victims-of-the-tops-shooting-and-calls-for-big-chan\"> shooter, motivated by a racist conspiracy theory, shot and killed 10 people at a grocery store in Buffalo, N.Y.\u003c/a>, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/05/17/1099453183/dallas-koreatown-hair-salon-shooting-arrest-hate-crime\">another shooter in Dallas injured three women of Asian descent \u003c/a>in what the police chief called \"a hate crime.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These events can be incomprehensible for adults — so how do we talk about them with kids?\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"news_11915314","label":"Read this story in Spanish "},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We spoke with a handful of child development experts about what parents, teachers and other caregivers can say to help kids process all the scary news out there. Here's what they had to say:\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Limit their exposure to breaking news\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\"We can control the amount of information. We can control the amount of exposure,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.sesameworkshop.org/who-we-are/our-leadership/rosemarie-truglio\">Rosemarie Truglio\u003c/a>, senior vice president of curriculum and content at Sesame Workshop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Truglio says that for starters, try not to let your children experience the news without you. That includes letting the TV or audio play in the background. In 2017, 42 percent of parents of young children told Common Sense Media that \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/ed/2017/10/19/558178851/young-children-are-spending-much-more-time-in-front-of-small-screens\">the TV is on \"always\" or \"most\" of the time\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a little girl growing up in rural Louisiana, Alison Aucoin remembers her father watching the evening news during the Vietnam War. \"The way that our house was set up, it was kind of impossible for me to completely miss it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aucoin vividly recalls the rapid fire of rifles and the shouting of soldiers, but it was two \u003cem>words\u003c/em> that the reporters and anchors kept using that truly frightened her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"[I] heard the words 'guerrilla warfare' and ... thought, gorillas — like apes,\" Aucoin says. \"And I literally had a plan for where I would hide in my closet when the gorillas came.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Truglio says that because we can't control the news itself, adults need to control the technology that exposes kids to potentially traumatic news.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>For big stories, ask: \"What have you heard and how are you feeling?\"\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>While it's important to limit your kids' exposure to potentially frightening media, some stories are simply too big to avoid. And as kids get older, if they don't hear about it at home, they'll almost certainly hear something from classmates at school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.montclair.edu/newscenter/experts/dr-tara-l-conley/\">Tara Conley\u003c/a>, a media researcher at Montclair State University, says adults should choose a quiet moment to check in with their kids, maybe at the dinner table or at bedtime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea, she says, is to allow kids to \"ask questions about what they're seeing, how they're feeling and what do they think.\" In other words: Give kids a safe space to reflect and share.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Give kids facts and context\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Check-ins also allow you to debunk memes, myths and misconceptions, and that's important in the social media maelstrom, says Holly Korbey, author of \u003ca href=\"https://www.hollykorbey.com/buildingbettercitizens\">Building Better Citizens\u003c/a>\u003cem>, \u003c/em>a new book on civics education. In the days since the recent Iran news broke, she says, \"My own teenagers were showing me these memes and rumors on Instagram spreading about boys being drafted for World War III, no kidding.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Korbey says, \"One of the most important things parents can do in this scary climate is to talk to kids about facts. For example: 'No, there is not a draft, and no we haven't started World War III.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Truglio says that if scary news is happening far from home, the best thing a parent or caregiver can do is to reach for a map. Then, she says, a child could \"see distance, that it's not in their immediate environment.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some traumatic events, however, might be closer to home — a school shooting, for example. In that case, it's important to convey that, overall, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/03/15/593831564/the-disconnect-between-perceived-danger-in-u-s-schools-and-reality\">such events are incredibly rare\u003c/a>. After all, that's why it's news.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>When they ask why something happened, avoid labels like \"bad guys\"\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Evan Nierman, a father of two, lives in Parkland, Fla. His son turned 11 the day after the 2018 shooting at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School, and his daughter was 8. He says one of the toughest moments for him as a father was when his kids asked why the shooting happened. \"And there's obviously not a great answer for that. It's hard to explain.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Truglio says we should resist the temptation to label anyone \"bad guys\" or \"evil.\" It's not helpful, and it may increase fear and confusion. Instead, she says, talk about people being in pain, being angry and making bad choices. That's what Nierman and his wife settled on, telling their children that the shooter wasn't well and needed help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And according to Truglio, there's one important thing parents shouldn't be afraid to say: I don't know.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Sometimes we don't have the answers to all of these whys,\" she explains. \"It's important for parents to say ... 'I don't know why it happened.'\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Encourage kids to process the story through play and art\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Children often try to make sense of what they see and hear through art and creative play. Sometimes it can be disturbing for adults to see children reenact or draw something scary or violent, but this kind of play serves an important purpose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Conley says, \"Play is part of reconstructing [children's] own stories.\" She calls it \"meaning-making\" and says adults do it too — by discussing stories with friends or even sharing memes on social media. \"It also helps us make sense of the world around us ... when we're being bombarded with information,\" she explains, \"and it helps us discern credible information.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\"Look for the helpers\"\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/11/20/781140591/beautiful-day-director-on-mister-rogers-radical-notion-telling-kids-the-truth\">Fred Rogers\u003c/a>, the beloved children's TV host, famously passed on this advice from his mother: \"When something scary is happening, look for the helpers. You will always find people who are helping.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Truglio did this when she talked to her then-young son about the 2012 Sandy Hook school shooting. The shooting happened on a Friday, and she kept him away from the television all weekend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We didn't turn on the TV until President Obama spoke and there was a memorial service,\" Truglio says. \"We focused on the positive — how people were gathering and taking care of each other.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's evidence that talking about helpers really does make a difference in how kids see their world. After the Columbine school shooting in 1999, Sesame Workshop studied school-age children's perceptions of the world through their drawings. The images were full of violence, Truglio says: \"guns and knives and dead people.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But after the Sept. 11 attacks, just two years later, media coverage changed, she says, focusing more on themes like \"the country is strong. The country's coming together. We are united. We are going to get through this.\" And this made a difference for kids: Their drawings featured American flags and heroes like police officers or firefighters.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Take positive action together\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Alison Aucoin, who shared her memories and fears of the Vietnam War, is white; her daughter, Edelawit, was adopted from Ethiopia. Edelawit was just 7 years old when Michael Brown, a black teenager, was shot and killed while unarmed by a white police officer in Ferguson, Mo., in 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I was scared that something like this would happen to me,\" Edelawit, now 12, says, and ever since, whenever a similar, police-related shooting happens, she and her mother follow a few steps. First, her mother shares the news.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I always have time to process it,\" Edelawit says. \"And then she says what I can do to protect myself. And then we go and protest.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In talking with our children,\" Conley says, \"we also have to show them how we're helping too, and asking them, 'How do you see yourself as a helper in these situations?' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You might consider bringing your child to a peaceful rally or protest, collecting donations together or writing to an elected official. A sense of agency can dramatically reduce a child's anxiety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, don't just look for the helpers ... \u003cem>be\u003c/em> the helpers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3 class=\"edTag\">Additional resources\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.commonsensemedia.org/articles/explaining-the-news-to-our-kids\">Common Sense Media: Explaining news to kids\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://childmind.org/topics/trauma-grief/\">Child Mind Institute: Articles on kids, trauma and grief\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The podcast portion of this story was produced by Chloee Weiner. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>We'd love to hear from you. Leave us a voicemail at 202-216-9823, or email us at \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"mailto:LifeKit@npr.org\">\u003cem>LifeKit@npr.org\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>. For more Life Kit, \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/newsletter/life-kit\">\u003cem>subscribe to our newsletter\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=What+to+say+to+kids+when+the+news+is+scary+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\u003cem>This story was first published on KQED's site on February 25, 2021.\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/mindshift/59143/war-crisis-tragedy-how-to-talk-with-kids-when-the-news-is-scary","authors":["byline_mindshift_59143"],"categories":["mindshift_21385"],"tags":["mindshift_20565","mindshift_231","mindshift_20568"],"featImg":"mindshift_59144","label":"mindshift"},"mindshift_59433":{"type":"posts","id":"mindshift_59433","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"mindshift","id":"59433","score":null,"sort":[1653597184000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"what-to-say-to-kids-about-school-shootings-to-ease-their-stress","title":"What to say to kids about school shootings to ease their stress","publishDate":1653597184,"format":"standard","headTitle":"MindShift | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"mindshift"},"content":"\u003cp>If you have school-age children, chances are they've already talked to their classmates about the school shooting in Uvalde, Texas. So what's the best way to know how they're feeling and what they're thinking? Ask them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Children's questions may be very different from adults',\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.schoolcrisiscenter.org/portfolio/david-schonfeld-md-faap/\">David Schonfeld\u003c/a>, a pediatrician who directs the\u003ca href=\"https://www.schoolcrisiscenter.org/\"> National Center for School Crisis and Bereavement\u003c/a> at Children's Hospital Los Angeles. And the best way to determine how much information they need is to listen to them, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Before we can offer reassurance or help them with what's bothering them, we have to understand what their actual concerns are,\" Schonfeld says. His group has developed \u003ca href=\"https://www.schoolcrisiscenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Guidelines-Talking-to-Kids-About-Attacks-Two-Sided-Onesheet-Format.pdf\">guidelines for talking to children\u003c/a> after a tragic event.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kids often ask who is to blame, what could have been done to prevent the tragedy or could it happen at my school? Truthful answers are important to build trust. In a year when the U.S. has already seen 27 school shootings and more than 200 mass shootings, the unfortunate answer is: Although school is typically a safe place, there are risks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A lot of people say to me, you know, 'This is just the new normal,' and my reaction to them is that there is nothing normal about this,\" Schonfeld says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When 19 children are gunned down, it is cause for deep distress. \"It ought to be distressing — it's an unacceptable situation,\" he says. But for now, it's an unfortunate reality of life in the United States. \"We can help kids learn to cope with the distress that they feel when they recognize inherent dangers that are part of the world,\" Schonfeld says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A child's age will determine how much information to share, but that's not the only factor. Their emotional reaction may be linked to how much trauma they've experienced in the past or how closely they're connected to a tragedy. If victims were their peers, the event will take a stronger emotional toll compared with children who hear about the shooting on the news. Regardless, it will take time for parents to comfort children and help them process such tragic events.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We need to be patient, and sometimes especially young kids need to have these conversations over and over,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://newsroom.ucla.edu/experts/preview/531dadeb299b506ab20001b5/\">Melissa Brymer\u003c/a>, director of terrorism and disaster programs at the UCLA-Duke University National Center for Child Traumatic Stress. \"Sometimes they need it in little chunks. They might not be able to digest everything in one sitting,\"\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/05/25/1101141318/uvalde-school-shooting-is-another-reminder-of-chil%20drens-feelings-of-trauma\"> Brymer told NPR's \u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The American School Counselor Association has gathered a list of \u003ca href=\"https://www.schoolcounselor.org/Publications-Research/Publications/Free-ASCA-Resources/After-a-School-Shooting\">resources and tips to help after a school shooting\u003c/a>. At the top is the recommendation to keep routines in place. Even if kids are anxious or fearful, there's a benefit to going to school and maintaining daily activities. As the organization explains in its guide, \"Kids gain security from the predictability of routine.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The organization says it's also helpful to limit how much media you and your children take in, whether it's social media, radio, TV or reading news online. In a crisis, the main reason to watch, listen or read media coverage is to understand what's happening. \"But if you're just watching the same coverage over and over again and it's not helping you learn anything new that's important to you and your family, then you probably should disconnect,\" says Schonfeld.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the days and weeks that follow a tragedy, parents should talk to their children about how to cope when they feel concerned or anxious. There are some really good books out there to have those conversations around, Brymer says. She recommends \u003ca href=\"https://piploproductions.com/stories/once/\">\u003cem>Once I Was Very Very Scared\u003c/em>\u003c/a>, by Chandra Ghosh Ippen, for the preschool set. In the story, lots of animals go through scary experiences, but each reacts differently and has its own way of coping. Brymer says books like this can assist parents and caregivers in helping children figure out the strategy that works best for them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For parents of older children, another strategy is to help them convert feelings of anger or anxiety into action. Schonfeld says it's natural to be angry and want to blame someone after a school shooting. But if kids direct their anger at an individual who acted in hatred — such as the shooter — it doesn't take away grief or solve the problem. Anger can beget anger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An alternative approach is to get involved in initiatives to address gun violence. For example, students at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School in Parkland, Fla., began pushing for gun control after the 2018 mass shooting there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It didn't solve the problem, but it did make a difference,\" says Schonfeld. The students have been effective advocates in bringing attention to gun violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So I think, yes, kids can be part of the solution, but the adults have to be a big part of the solution too,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bottom line, Schonfeld says, is to keep having conversations with your kids. Ask what they're thinking and feeling — it's a good place to start.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=What+to+say+to+kids+about+school+shootings+to+ease+their+stress&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The death of children, shot at school, is hard to comprehend. It can be even harder for kids. Counselors say parents should take cues from their kids, listen to their fears and answer their questions.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1653597184,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":18,"wordCount":876},"headData":{"title":"What to say to kids about school shootings to ease their stress - MindShift","description":"The death of children, shot at school, is hard to comprehend. It can be even harder for kids. Counselors say parents should take cues from their kids, listen to their fears and answer their questions.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"What to say to kids about school shootings to ease their stress","datePublished":"2022-05-26T20:33:04.000Z","dateModified":"2022-05-26T20:33:04.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"59433 https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/?p=59433","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2022/05/26/what-to-say-to-kids-about-school-shootings-to-ease-their-stress/","disqusTitle":"What to say to kids about school shootings to ease their stress","nprImageCredit":"Allison Dinner","nprByline":"Allison Aubrey","nprImageAgency":"AFP via Getty Images","nprStoryId":"1101306073","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=1101306073&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2022/05/26/1101306073/what-to-say-to-kids-about-school-shootings-to-ease-their-stress?ft=nprml&f=1101306073","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Thu, 26 May 2022 10:22:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Thu, 26 May 2022 05:00:50 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Thu, 26 May 2022 10:22:32 -0400","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","path":"/mindshift/59433/what-to-say-to-kids-about-school-shootings-to-ease-their-stress","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>If you have school-age children, chances are they've already talked to their classmates about the school shooting in Uvalde, Texas. So what's the best way to know how they're feeling and what they're thinking? Ask them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Children's questions may be very different from adults',\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.schoolcrisiscenter.org/portfolio/david-schonfeld-md-faap/\">David Schonfeld\u003c/a>, a pediatrician who directs the\u003ca href=\"https://www.schoolcrisiscenter.org/\"> National Center for School Crisis and Bereavement\u003c/a> at Children's Hospital Los Angeles. And the best way to determine how much information they need is to listen to them, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Before we can offer reassurance or help them with what's bothering them, we have to understand what their actual concerns are,\" Schonfeld says. His group has developed \u003ca href=\"https://www.schoolcrisiscenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Guidelines-Talking-to-Kids-About-Attacks-Two-Sided-Onesheet-Format.pdf\">guidelines for talking to children\u003c/a> after a tragic event.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kids often ask who is to blame, what could have been done to prevent the tragedy or could it happen at my school? Truthful answers are important to build trust. In a year when the U.S. has already seen 27 school shootings and more than 200 mass shootings, the unfortunate answer is: Although school is typically a safe place, there are risks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A lot of people say to me, you know, 'This is just the new normal,' and my reaction to them is that there is nothing normal about this,\" Schonfeld says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When 19 children are gunned down, it is cause for deep distress. \"It ought to be distressing — it's an unacceptable situation,\" he says. But for now, it's an unfortunate reality of life in the United States. \"We can help kids learn to cope with the distress that they feel when they recognize inherent dangers that are part of the world,\" Schonfeld says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A child's age will determine how much information to share, but that's not the only factor. Their emotional reaction may be linked to how much trauma they've experienced in the past or how closely they're connected to a tragedy. If victims were their peers, the event will take a stronger emotional toll compared with children who hear about the shooting on the news. Regardless, it will take time for parents to comfort children and help them process such tragic events.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We need to be patient, and sometimes especially young kids need to have these conversations over and over,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://newsroom.ucla.edu/experts/preview/531dadeb299b506ab20001b5/\">Melissa Brymer\u003c/a>, director of terrorism and disaster programs at the UCLA-Duke University National Center for Child Traumatic Stress. \"Sometimes they need it in little chunks. They might not be able to digest everything in one sitting,\"\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/05/25/1101141318/uvalde-school-shooting-is-another-reminder-of-chil%20drens-feelings-of-trauma\"> Brymer told NPR's \u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The American School Counselor Association has gathered a list of \u003ca href=\"https://www.schoolcounselor.org/Publications-Research/Publications/Free-ASCA-Resources/After-a-School-Shooting\">resources and tips to help after a school shooting\u003c/a>. At the top is the recommendation to keep routines in place. Even if kids are anxious or fearful, there's a benefit to going to school and maintaining daily activities. As the organization explains in its guide, \"Kids gain security from the predictability of routine.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The organization says it's also helpful to limit how much media you and your children take in, whether it's social media, radio, TV or reading news online. In a crisis, the main reason to watch, listen or read media coverage is to understand what's happening. \"But if you're just watching the same coverage over and over again and it's not helping you learn anything new that's important to you and your family, then you probably should disconnect,\" says Schonfeld.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the days and weeks that follow a tragedy, parents should talk to their children about how to cope when they feel concerned or anxious. There are some really good books out there to have those conversations around, Brymer says. She recommends \u003ca href=\"https://piploproductions.com/stories/once/\">\u003cem>Once I Was Very Very Scared\u003c/em>\u003c/a>, by Chandra Ghosh Ippen, for the preschool set. In the story, lots of animals go through scary experiences, but each reacts differently and has its own way of coping. Brymer says books like this can assist parents and caregivers in helping children figure out the strategy that works best for them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For parents of older children, another strategy is to help them convert feelings of anger or anxiety into action. Schonfeld says it's natural to be angry and want to blame someone after a school shooting. But if kids direct their anger at an individual who acted in hatred — such as the shooter — it doesn't take away grief or solve the problem. Anger can beget anger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An alternative approach is to get involved in initiatives to address gun violence. For example, students at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School in Parkland, Fla., began pushing for gun control after the 2018 mass shooting there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It didn't solve the problem, but it did make a difference,\" says Schonfeld. The students have been effective advocates in bringing attention to gun violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So I think, yes, kids can be part of the solution, but the adults have to be a big part of the solution too,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bottom line, Schonfeld says, is to keep having conversations with your kids. Ask what they're thinking and feeling — it's a good place to start.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=What+to+say+to+kids+about+school+shootings+to+ease+their+stress&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/mindshift/59433/what-to-say-to-kids-about-school-shootings-to-ease-their-stress","authors":["byline_mindshift_59433"],"categories":["mindshift_21385"],"tags":["mindshift_21333","mindshift_21143","mindshift_21229","mindshift_20865","mindshift_231","mindshift_21274","mindshift_20925"],"featImg":"mindshift_59434","label":"mindshift"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.","airtime":"THU 10pm, FRI 1am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Commonwealth Club of California"},"link":"/radio/program/commonwealth-club","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"}},"considerthis":{"id":"considerthis","title":"Consider This","tagline":"Make sense of the day","info":"Make sense of the day. Every weekday afternoon, Consider This helps you consider the major stories of the day in less than 15 minutes, featuring the reporting and storytelling resources of NPR. Plus, KQED’s Bianca Taylor brings you the local KQED news you need to know.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Consider-This-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"Consider This from NPR and KQED","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/considerthis","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"7"},"link":"/podcasts/considerthis","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1503226625?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/coronavirusdaily","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM1NS9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbA","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3Z6JdCS2d0eFEpXHKI6WqH"}},"forum":{"id":"forum","title":"Forum","tagline":"The conversation starts here","info":"KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal","officialWebsiteLink":"/forum","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"8"},"link":"/forum","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-forum/id73329719","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432307980/forum","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-forum-podcast","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9557381633"}},"freakonomics-radio":{"id":"freakonomics-radio","title":"Freakonomics Radio","info":"Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png","officialWebsiteLink":"http://freakonomics.com/","airtime":"SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"WNYC"},"link":"/radio/program/freakonomics-radio","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/","rss":"https://feeds.feedburner.com/freakonomicsradio"}},"fresh-air":{"id":"fresh-air","title":"Fresh Air","info":"Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.","airtime":"MON-FRI 7pm-8pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Fresh-Air-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/fresh-air/","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/fresh-air","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Fresh-Air-p17/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"}},"here-and-now":{"id":"here-and-now","title":"Here & Now","info":"A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.","airtime":"MON-THU 11am-12pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Here-And-Now-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://www.wbur.org/hereandnow","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/here-and-now","subsdcribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=426698661","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Here--Now-p211/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"}},"how-i-built-this":{"id":"how-i-built-this","title":"How I Built This with Guy Raz","info":"Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this","airtime":"SUN 7:30pm-8pm","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/how-i-built-this","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/Arts--Culture-Podcasts/How-I-Built-This-p910896/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510313/podcast.xml"}},"inside-europe":{"id":"inside-europe","title":"Inside Europe","info":"Inside Europe, a one-hour weekly news magazine hosted by Helen Seeney and Keith Walker, explores the topical issues shaping the continent. No other part of the globe has experienced such dynamic political and social change in recent years.","airtime":"SAT 3am-4am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Inside-Europe-Podcast-Tile-300x300-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Deutsche Welle"},"link":"/radio/program/inside-europe","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/inside-europe/id80106806?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Inside-Europe-p731/","rss":"https://partner.dw.com/xml/podcast_inside-europe"}},"latino-usa":{"id":"latino-usa","title":"Latino USA","airtime":"MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm","info":"Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://latinousa.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/latino-usa","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/xtTd","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Latino-USA-p621/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"}},"live-from-here-highlights":{"id":"live-from-here-highlights","title":"Live from Here Highlights","info":"Chris Thile steps to the mic as the host of Live from Here (formerly A Prairie Home Companion), a live public radio variety show. Download Chris’s Song of the Week plus other highlights from the broadcast. Produced by American Public Media.","airtime":"SAT 6pm-8pm, SUN 11am-1pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Live-From-Here-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.livefromhere.org/","meta":{"site":"arts","source":"american public media"},"link":"/radio/program/live-from-here-highlights","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1167173941","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Live-from-Here-Highlights-p921744/","rss":"https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/a-prairie-home-companion-highlights/rss/rss"}},"marketplace":{"id":"marketplace","title":"Marketplace","info":"Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.","airtime":"MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.marketplace.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"American Public Media"},"link":"/radio/program/marketplace","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=201853034&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/APM-Marketplace-p88/","rss":"https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"}},"mindshift":{"id":"mindshift","title":"MindShift","tagline":"A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids","info":"The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn","officialWebsiteLink":"/mindshift/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"2"},"link":"/podcasts/mindshift","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"}},"morning-edition":{"id":"morning-edition","title":"Morning Edition","info":"\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.","airtime":"MON-FRI 3am-9am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/morning-edition"},"onourwatch":{"id":"onourwatch","title":"On Our Watch","tagline":"Police secrets, unsealed","info":"For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"On Our Watch from NPR and KQED","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/onourwatch","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"1"},"link":"/podcasts/onourwatch","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw","npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/onourwatch","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0OLWoyizopu6tY1XiuX70x","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/On-Our-Watch-p1436229/","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/show/on-our-watch","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"}},"on-the-media":{"id":"on-the-media","title":"On The Media","info":"Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us","airtime":"SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm","meta":{"site":"news","source":"wnyc"},"link":"/radio/program/on-the-media","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/","rss":"http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"}},"our-body-politic":{"id":"our-body-politic","title":"Our Body Politic","info":"Presented by KQED, KCRW and KPCC, and created and hosted by award-winning journalist Farai Chideya, Our Body Politic is unapologetically centered on reporting on not just how women of color experience the major political events of today, but how they’re impacting those very issues.","airtime":"SAT 6pm-7pm, SUN 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Our-Body-Politic-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://our-body-politic.simplecast.com/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kcrw"},"link":"/radio/program/our-body-politic","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/our-body-politic/id1533069868","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5zaW1wbGVjYXN0LmNvbS9feGFQaHMxcw","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/4ApAiLT1kV153TttWAmqmc","rss":"https://feeds.simplecast.com/_xaPhs1s","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/News--Politics-Podcasts/Our-Body-Politic-p1369211/"}},"pbs-newshour":{"id":"pbs-newshour","title":"PBS NewsHour","info":"Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.","airtime":"MON-FRI 3pm-4pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"pbs"},"link":"/radio/program/pbs-newshour","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/","rss":"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"}},"perspectives":{"id":"perspectives","title":"Perspectives","tagline":"KQED's series of of daily listener commentaries since 1991","info":"KQED's series of of daily listener commentaries since 1991.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Perspectives-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/perspectives/","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"kqed","order":"15"},"link":"/perspectives","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id73801135","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/category/perspectives/feed/","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvcGVyc3BlY3RpdmVzL2NhdGVnb3J5L3BlcnNwZWN0aXZlcy9mZWVkLw"}},"planet-money":{"id":"planet-money","title":"Planet Money","info":"The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.","airtime":"SUN 3pm-4pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/sections/money/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/planet-money","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/M4f5","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/planet-money/id290783428?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/Business--Economics-Podcasts/Planet-Money-p164680/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510289/podcast.xml"}},"politicalbreakdown":{"id":"politicalbreakdown","title":"Political Breakdown","tagline":"Politics from a personal perspective","info":"Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.","airtime":"THU 6:30pm-7pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED Political Breakdown","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"kqed","order":"11"},"link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/political-breakdown/id1327641087","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5Nzk2MzI2MTEx","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/572155894/political-breakdown","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/political-breakdown","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/07RVyIjIdk2WDuVehvBMoN","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/political-breakdown/feed/podcast"}},"pri-the-world":{"id":"pri-the-world","title":"PRI's The World: Latest Edition","info":"Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.","airtime":"MON-FRI 2pm-3pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.pri.org/programs/the-world","meta":{"site":"news","source":"PRI"},"link":"/radio/program/pri-the-world","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pris-the-world-latest-edition/id278196007?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/News--Politics-Podcasts/PRIs-The-World-p24/","rss":"http://feeds.feedburner.com/pri/theworld"}},"radiolab":{"id":"radiolab","title":"Radiolab","info":"A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.","airtime":"SUN 12am-1am, SAT 2pm-3pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/radiolab1400.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/radiolab/","meta":{"site":"science","source":"WNYC"},"link":"/radio/program/radiolab","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/radiolab/id152249110?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/RadioLab-p68032/","rss":"https://feeds.wnyc.org/radiolab"}},"reveal":{"id":"reveal","title":"Reveal","info":"Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.","airtime":"SAT 4pm-5pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/reveal300px.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/reveal","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/reveal/id886009669","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Reveal-p679597/","rss":"http://feeds.revealradio.org/revealpodcast"}},"says-you":{"id":"says-you","title":"Says You!","info":"Public radio's game show of bluff and bluster, words and whimsy. The warmest, wittiest cocktail party - it's spirited and civil, brainy and boisterous, peppered with musical interludes. Fast paced and playful, it's the most fun you can have with language without getting your mouth washed out with soap. Our motto: It's not important to know the answers, it's important to like the answers!","airtime":"SUN 4pm-5pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Says-You-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://www.saysyouradio.com/","meta":{"site":"comedy","source":"Pipit and Finch"},"link":"/radio/program/says-you","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/says-you!/id1050199826","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Says-You-p480/","rss":"https://saysyou.libsyn.com/rss"}},"science-friday":{"id":"science-friday","title":"Science Friday","info":"Science Friday is a weekly science talk show, broadcast live over public radio stations nationwide. Each week, the show focuses on science topics that are in the news and tries to bring an educated, balanced discussion to bear on the scientific issues at hand. Panels of expert guests join host Ira Flatow, a veteran science journalist, to discuss science and to take questions from listeners during the call-in portion of the program.","airtime":"FRI 11am-1pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Science-Friday-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/science-friday","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/science-friday","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=73329284&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Science-Friday-p394/","rss":"http://feeds.wnyc.org/science-friday"}},"science-podcast":{"id":"science-podcast","title":"KQED Science News","tagline":"From the lab, to your ears","info":"KQED Science explores science and environment news, trends, and events from the Bay Area and beyond.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Science-News-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/category/science-podcast/","meta":{"site":"science","source":"kqed","order":"17"},"link":"/science/category/science-podcast","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqed-science-news/id214663465","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL2Jsb2dzLmtxZWQub3JnL3NjaWVuY2UvZmVlZC8","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed-science-news","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/category/science-podcast/feed/podcast"}},"selected-shorts":{"id":"selected-shorts","title":"Selected Shorts","info":"Spellbinding short stories by established and emerging writers take on a new life when they are performed by stars of the stage and screen.","airtime":"SAT 8pm-9pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Selected-Shorts-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.pri.org/programs/selected-shorts","meta":{"site":"arts","source":"pri"},"link":"/radio/program/selected-shorts","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=253191824&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Selected-Shorts-p31792/","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/selectedshorts"}},"snap-judgment":{"id":"snap-judgment","title":"Snap Judgment","info":"Snap Judgment (Storytelling, with a BEAT) mixes real stories with killer beats to produce cinematic, dramatic, kick-ass radio. Snap’s raw, musical brand of storytelling dares listeners to see the world through the eyes of another. WNYC studios is the producer of leading podcasts including Radiolab, Freakonomics Radio, Note To Self, Here’s The Thing With Alec Baldwin, and more.","airtime":"SAT 1pm-2pm, 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/snapJudgement.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://snapjudgment.org","meta":{"site":"arts","source":"WNYC"},"link":"/radio/program/snap-judgment","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=283657561&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Snap-Judgment-p243817/","rss":"https://feeds.feedburner.com/snapjudgment-wnyc"}},"soldout":{"id":"soldout","title":"SOLD OUT: Rethinking Housing in America","tagline":"A new future for housing","info":"Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Sold-Out-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/soldout","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":3},"link":"/podcasts/soldout","subscribe":{"npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/911586047/s-o-l-d-o-u-t-a-new-future-for-housing","apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/introducing-sold-out-rethinking-housing-in-america/id1531354937","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/soldout","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/38dTBSk2ISFoPiyYNoKn1X","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/sold-out-rethinking-housing-in-america","tunein":"https://tunein.com/radio/SOLD-OUT-Rethinking-Housing-in-America-p1365871/","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vc29sZG91dA"}},"ted-radio-hour":{"id":"ted-radio-hour","title":"TED Radio Hour","info":"The TED Radio Hour is a journey through fascinating ideas, astonishing inventions, fresh approaches to old problems, and new ways to think and create.","airtime":"SUN 3pm-4pm, SAT 10pm-11pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/tedRadioHour.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/ted-radio-hour/?showDate=2018-06-22","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/ted-radio-hour","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/8vsS","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=523121474&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/TED-Radio-Hour-p418021/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510298/podcast.xml"}},"tech-nation":{"id":"tech-nation","title":"Tech Nation Radio Podcast","info":"Tech Nation is a weekly public radio program, hosted by Dr. Moira Gunn. Founded in 1993, it has grown from a simple interview show to a multi-faceted production, featuring conversations with noted technology and science leaders, and a weekly science and technology-related commentary.","airtime":"FRI 10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Tech-Nation-Radio-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://technation.podomatic.com/","meta":{"site":"science","source":"Tech Nation Media"},"link":"/radio/program/tech-nation","subscribe":{"rss":"https://technation.podomatic.com/rss2.xml"}},"thebay":{"id":"thebay","title":"The Bay","tagline":"Local news to keep you rooted","info":"Host Devin Katayama walks you through the biggest story of the day with reporters and newsmakers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Bay-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED The Bay","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/thebay","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"kqed","order":"6"},"link":"/podcasts/thebay","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-bay/id1350043452","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM4MjU5Nzg2MzI3","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/586725995/the-bay","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-bay","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/4BIKBKIujizLHlIlBNaAqQ","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC8259786327"}},"californiareport":{"id":"californiareport","title":"The California Report","tagline":"California, day by day","info":"KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED The California Report","officialWebsiteLink":"/californiareport","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"9"},"link":"/californiareport","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-the-california-report/id79681292","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1MDAyODE4NTgz","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432285393/the-california-report","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-the-california-report-podcast-8838","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/tcram/feed/podcast"}},"californiareportmagazine":{"id":"californiareportmagazine","title":"The California Report Magazine","tagline":"Your state, your stories","info":"Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.","airtime":"FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Magazine-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/californiareportmagazine","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"10"},"link":"/californiareportmagazine","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-california-report-magazine/id1314750545","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/564733126/the-california-report-magazine","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-california-report-magazine","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/tcrmag/feed/podcast"}},"theleap":{"id":"theleap","title":"The Leap","tagline":"What if you closed your eyes, and jumped?","info":"Stories about people making dramatic, risky changes, told by award-winning public radio reporter Judy Campbell.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Leap-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED The Leap","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/theleap","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"14"},"link":"/podcasts/theleap","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-leap/id1046668171","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM0NTcwODQ2MjY2","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/447248267/the-leap","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-leap","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3sSlVHHzU0ytLwuGs1SD1U","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/programs/the-leap/feed/podcast"}},"masters-of-scale":{"id":"masters-of-scale","title":"Masters of Scale","info":"Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.","airtime":"Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Masters-of-Scale-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://mastersofscale.com/","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"WaitWhat"},"link":"/radio/program/masters-of-scale","subscribe":{"apple":"http://mastersofscale.app.link/","rss":"https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"}},"the-moth-radio-hour":{"id":"the-moth-radio-hour","title":"The Moth Radio Hour","info":"Since its launch in 1997, The Moth has presented thousands of true stories, told live and without notes, to standing-room-only crowds worldwide. Moth storytellers stand alone, under a spotlight, with only a microphone and a roomful of strangers. The storyteller and the audience embark on a high-wire act of shared experience which is both terrifying and exhilarating. Since 2008, The Moth podcast has featured many of our favorite stories told live on Moth stages around the country. For information on all of our programs and live events, visit themoth.org.","airtime":"SAT 8pm-9pm and SUN 11am-12pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/theMoth.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://themoth.org/","meta":{"site":"arts","source":"prx"},"link":"/radio/program/the-moth-radio-hour","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-moth-podcast/id275699983?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/The-Moth-p273888/","rss":"http://feeds.themoth.org/themothpodcast"}},"the-new-yorker-radio-hour":{"id":"the-new-yorker-radio-hour","title":"The New Yorker Radio Hour","info":"The New Yorker Radio Hour is a weekly program presented by the magazine's editor, David Remnick, and produced by WNYC Studios and The New Yorker. Each episode features a diverse mix of interviews, profiles, storytelling, and an occasional burst of humor inspired by the magazine, and shaped by its writers, artists, and editors. This isn't a radio version of a magazine, but something all its own, reflecting the rich possibilities of audio storytelling and conversation. Theme music for the show was composed and performed by Merrill Garbus of tUnE-YArDs.","airtime":"SAT 10am-11am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-New-Yorker-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/tnyradiohour","meta":{"site":"arts","source":"WNYC"},"link":"/radio/program/the-new-yorker-radio-hour","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1050430296","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/New-Yorker-Radio-Hour-p803804/","rss":"https://feeds.feedburner.com/newyorkerradiohour"}},"the-takeaway":{"id":"the-takeaway","title":"The Takeaway","info":"The Takeaway is produced in partnership with its national audience. It delivers perspective and analysis to help us better understand the day’s news. Be a part of the American conversation on-air and online.","airtime":"MON-THU 12pm-1pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Takeaway-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/takeaway","meta":{"site":"news","source":"WNYC"},"link":"/radio/program/the-takeaway","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-takeaway/id363143310?mt=2","tuneIn":"http://tunein.com/radio/The-Takeaway-p150731/","rss":"https://feeds.feedburner.com/takeawaypodcast"}},"this-american-life":{"id":"this-american-life","title":"This American Life","info":"This American Life is a weekly public radio show, heard by 2.2 million people on more than 500 stations. Another 2.5 million people download the weekly podcast. It is hosted by Ira Glass, produced in collaboration with Chicago Public Media, delivered to stations by PRX The Public Radio Exchange, and has won all of the major broadcasting awards.","airtime":"SAT 12pm-1pm, 7pm-8pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/thisAmericanLife.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.thisamericanlife.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"wbez"},"link":"/radio/program/this-american-life","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=201671138&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","rss":"https://www.thisamericanlife.org/podcast/rss.xml"}},"truthbetold":{"id":"truthbetold","title":"Truth Be Told","tagline":"Advice by and for people of color","info":"We’re the friend you call after a long day, the one who gets it. Through wisdom from some of the greatest thinkers of our time, host Tonya Mosley explores what it means to grow and thrive as a Black person in America, while discovering new ways of being that serve as a portal to more love, more healing, and more joy.","airtime":"","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Truth-Be-Told-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED Truth Be Told with Tonya Mosley","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.kqed.ord/podcasts/truthbetold","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr","order":"12"},"link":"/podcasts/truthbetold","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/truth-be-told/id1462216572","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS90cnV0aC1iZS10b2xkLXBvZGNhc3QvZmVlZA","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/719210818/truth-be-told","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/s?fid=398170&refid=stpr","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/587DhwTBxke6uvfwDfaV5N"}},"wait-wait-dont-tell-me":{"id":"wait-wait-dont-tell-me","title":"Wait Wait... Don't Tell Me!","info":"Peter Sagal and Bill Kurtis host the weekly NPR News quiz show alongside some of the best and brightest news and entertainment personalities.","airtime":"SUN 10am-11am, SAT 11am-12pm, SAT 6pm-7pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Wait-Wait-Podcast-Tile-300x300-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/wait-wait-dont-tell-me/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/wait-wait-dont-tell-me","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/Xogv","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=121493804&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Wait-Wait-Dont-Tell-Me-p46/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/344098539/podcast.xml"}},"washington-week":{"id":"washington-week","title":"Washington Week","info":"For 50 years, Washington Week has been the most intelligent and up to date conversation about the most important news stories of the week. Washington Week is the longest-running news and public affairs program on PBS and features journalists -- not pundits -- lending insight and perspective to the week's important news stories.","airtime":"SAT 1:30am-2am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/washington-week.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://www.pbs.org/weta/washingtonweek/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"pbs"},"link":"/radio/program/washington-week","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/washington-week-audio-pbs/id83324702?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/Current-Affairs/Washington-Week-p693/","rss":"http://feeds.pbs.org/pbs/weta/washingtonweek-audio"}},"weekend-edition-saturday":{"id":"weekend-edition-saturday","title":"Weekend Edition Saturday","info":"Weekend Edition Saturday wraps up the week's news and offers a mix of analysis and features on a wide range of topics, including arts, sports, entertainment, and human interest stories. The two-hour program is hosted by NPR's Peabody Award-winning Scott Simon.","airtime":"SAT 5am-10am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Weekend-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/weekend-edition-saturday/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/weekend-edition-saturday"},"weekend-edition-sunday":{"id":"weekend-edition-sunday","title":"Weekend Edition Sunday","info":"Weekend Edition Sunday features interviews with newsmakers, artists, scientists, politicians, musicians, writers, theologians and historians. The program has covered news events from Nelson Mandela's 1990 release from a South African prison to the capture of Saddam Hussein.","airtime":"SUN 5am-10am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Weekend-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/weekend-edition-sunday/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/weekend-edition-sunday"},"world-affairs":{"id":"world-affairs","title":"World Affairs","info":"The world as we knew it is undergoing a rapid transformation…so what's next? Welcome to WorldAffairs, your guide to a changing world. We give you the context you need to navigate across borders and ideologies. Through sound-rich stories and in-depth interviews, we break down what it means to be a global citizen on a hot, crowded planet. Our hosts, Ray Suarez, Teresa Cotsirilos and Philip Yun help you make sense of an uncertain world, one story at a time.","airtime":"MON 10pm, TUE 1am, SAT 3am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/World-Affairs-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg ","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.worldaffairs.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"World Affairs"},"link":"/radio/program/world-affairs","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/world-affairs/id101215657?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/WorldAffairs-p1665/","rss":"https://worldaffairs.libsyn.com/rss"}},"on-shifting-ground":{"id":"on-shifting-ground","title":"On Shifting Ground with Ray Suarez","info":"Geopolitical turmoil. A warming planet. Authoritarians on the rise. We live in a chaotic world that’s rapidly shifting around us. “On Shifting Ground with Ray Suarez” explores international fault lines and how they impact us all. Each week, NPR veteran Ray Suarez hosts conversations with journalists, leaders and policy experts to help us read between the headlines – and give us hope for human resilience.","airtime":"MON 10pm, TUE 1am, SAT 3am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2022/12/onshiftingground-600x600-1.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://worldaffairs.org/radio-podcast/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"On Shifting Ground"},"link":"/radio/program/on-shifting-ground","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/ie/podcast/on-shifting-ground/id101215657","rss":"https://feeds.libsyn.com/36668/rss"}},"hidden-brain":{"id":"hidden-brain","title":"Hidden Brain","info":"Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/hiddenbrain.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/series/423302056/hidden-brain","airtime":"SUN 7pm-8pm","meta":{"site":"news","source":"NPR"},"link":"/radio/program/hidden-brain","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/hidden-brain/id1028908750?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/Science-Podcasts/Hidden-Brain-p787503/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510308/podcast.xml"}},"city-arts":{"id":"city-arts","title":"City Arts & Lectures","info":"A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.cityarts.net/","airtime":"SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am","meta":{"site":"news","source":"City Arts & Lectures"},"link":"https://www.cityarts.net","subscribe":{"tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/City-Arts-and-Lectures-p692/","rss":"https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"}},"white-lies":{"id":"white-lies","title":"White Lies","info":"In 1965, Rev. James Reeb was murdered in Selma, Alabama. Three men were tried and acquitted, but no one was ever held to account. Fifty years later, two journalists from Alabama return to the city where it happened, expose the lies that kept the murder from being solved and uncover a story about guilt and memory that says as much about America today as it does about the past.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/White-Lies-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510343/white-lies","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/white-lies","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/whitelies","apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1462650519?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM0My9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbA","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/12yZ2j8vxqhc0QZyRES3ft?si=LfWYEK6URA63hueKVxRLAw","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510343/podcast.xml"}},"rightnowish":{"id":"rightnowish","title":"Rightnowish","tagline":"Art is where you find it","info":"Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Rightnowish-Podcast-Tile-500x500-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED Rightnowish with Pendarvis Harshaw","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/rightnowish","meta":{"site":"arts","source":"kqed","order":"5"},"link":"/podcasts/rightnowish","subscribe":{"npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/721590300/rightnowish","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/programs/rightnowish/feed/podcast","apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/rightnowish/id1482187648","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/rightnowish","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMxMjU5MTY3NDc4","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/7kEJuafTzTVan7B78ttz1I"}},"jerrybrown":{"id":"jerrybrown","title":"The Political Mind of Jerry Brown","tagline":"Lessons from a lifetime in politics","info":"The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED The Political Mind of Jerry Brown","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/jerrybrown","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"16"},"link":"/podcasts/jerrybrown","subscribe":{"npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/790253322/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1492194549","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/jerrybrown/feed/podcast/","tuneIn":"http://tun.in/pjGcK","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/54C1dmuyFyKMFttY6X2j6r?si=K8SgRCoISNK6ZbjpXrX5-w","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9zZXJpZXMvamVycnlicm93bi9mZWVkL3BvZGNhc3Qv"}},"the-splendid-table":{"id":"the-splendid-table","title":"The Splendid Table","info":"\u003cem>The Splendid Table\u003c/em> hosts our nation's conversations about cooking, sustainability and food culture.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Splendid-Table-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.splendidtable.org/","airtime":"SUN 10-11 pm","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/the-splendid-table"}},"racesReducer":{"5921":{"id":"5921","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 7","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":158422,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.97,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:48 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Doris Matsui","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":89456,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Tom Silva","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":48920,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"David Mandel","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":20046,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-09T01:00:38.194Z"},"5922":{"id":"5922","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 8","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Rudy Recile","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"John Garamendi","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"5924":{"id":"5924","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 10","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":185034,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.07,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:48 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mark DeSaulnier","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":121265,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Katherine Piccinini","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":34883,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Nolan Chen","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":19459,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Joe Sweeney","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":7606,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Mohamed Elsherbini","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":1821,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-09T01:02:32.415Z"},"5926":{"id":"5926","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 12","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":153801,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.88,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:41 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Lateefah Simon","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":85905,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Jennifer Tran","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":22964,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Tony Daysog","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":17197,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Stephen Slauson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":9699,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Glenn Kaplan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":6785,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Eric Wilson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":4243,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Abdur Sikder","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":2847,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Ned Nuerge","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":2532,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Andre Todd","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":1629,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-16T00:22:36.062Z"},"5928":{"id":"5928","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 14","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":125831,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.14,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:41 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Eric Swalwell","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":83989,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Vin Kruttiventi","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":22106,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Alison Hayden","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":11928,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Luis Reynoso","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":7808,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T00:51:36.366Z"},"5930":{"id":"5930","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 16","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":182135,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.91,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"April 3, 2024","timeUpdated":"3:04 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Sam Liccardo","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":38489,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Evan Low","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":30249,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Joe Simitian","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":30249,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Peter Ohtaki","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":23275,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Peter Dixon","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":14673,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Rishi Kumar","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":12377,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Karl Ryan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":11557,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Julie Lythcott-Haims","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":11383,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Ahmed Mostafa","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":5811,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Greg Tanaka","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":2421,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Joby Bernstein","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":1651,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T00:32:05.002Z"},"5931":{"id":"5931","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 17","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":117534,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.92,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Ro Khanna","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":73941,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Anita Chen","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":31539,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Ritesh Tandon","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":5728,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Mario Ramirez","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":4491,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Joe Dehn","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"Lib","voteCount":1835,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-08T01:50:53.956Z"},"5932":{"id":"5932","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 18","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":96302,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.93,"eevp":98.83,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:47 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Zoe Lofgren","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":49323,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Peter Hernandez","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":31622,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Charlene Nijmeh","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":10614,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Lawrence Milan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":2712,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Luele Kifle","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":2031,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T00:26:02.706Z"},"5963":{"id":"5963","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 2","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":139085,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.62,"eevp":98.6,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Michael Greer","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":38079,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Chris Rogers","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":27126,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Rusty Hicks","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":25615,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Ariel Kelley","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":19483,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Frankie Myers","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":17694,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Ted Williams","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":9550,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Cynthia Click","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":1538,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-22T21:38:36.711Z"},"5972":{"id":"5972","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 11","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":99775,"precinctsReportPercentage":99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:48 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Lori Wilson","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":50085,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Dave Ennis","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":26074,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Wanda Wallis","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":14638,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jeffrey Flack","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":8978,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-08T02:01:24.524Z"},"5973":{"id":"5973","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 12","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":143532,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.19,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:38 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Damon Connolly","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":111275,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Andy Podshadley","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":17240,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Eryn Cervantes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":15017,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-21T00:25:32.262Z"},"5975":{"id":"5975","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 14","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":106997,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.06,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:48 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Buffy Wicks","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":78678,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Margot Smith","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":18251,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Utkarsh Jain","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":10068,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-15T01:30:34.539Z"},"5976":{"id":"5976","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 15","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":97144,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.98,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:48 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Sonia Ledo","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":30946,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Anamarie Farias","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":29512,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Monica Wilson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":24775,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Karen Mitchoff","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":11911,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-14T00:19:38.858Z"},"5977":{"id":"5977","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 16","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Joseph Rubay","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Rebecca Bauer-Kahan","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"5978":{"id":"5978","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 17","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":111003,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"8:25 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Matt Haney","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":90915,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Manuel Noris-Barrera","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":13843,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Otto Duke","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":6245,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T00:36:19.697Z"},"5979":{"id":"5979","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 18","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":86008,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.1,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:41 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mia Bonta","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":73040,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Andre Sandford","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"AIP","voteCount":4575,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Mindy Pechenuk","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":4389,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Cheyenne Kenney","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":4004,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T08:03:23.729Z"},"5980":{"id":"5980","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 19","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":113959,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.8,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Catherine Stefani","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":64960,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"David Lee","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":33035,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Nadia Flamenco","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":8335,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Arjun Sodhani","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":7629,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-11T23:50:23.109Z"},"5981":{"id":"5981","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 20","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:36 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Liz Ortega","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"5982":{"id":"5982","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 21","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mark Gilham","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Diane Papan","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"5984":{"id":"5984","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 23","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":116963,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.91,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Marc Berman","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":67106,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Lydia Kou","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":23699,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Gus Mattammal","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":13277,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Allan Marson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":12881,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T01:13:06.280Z"},"5987":{"id":"5987","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 26","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":72753,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.19,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Patrick Ahrens","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":25036,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Tara Sreekrishnan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":19600,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Sophie Song","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":15954,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Omar Din","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":8772,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Bob Goodwyn","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"Lib","voteCount":2170,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Ashish Garg","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":1221,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-13T21:06:29.070Z"},"5989":{"id":"5989","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 28","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:10 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Gail Pellerin","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Liz Lawler","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6010":{"id":"6010","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 49","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:36 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mike Fong","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Long Liu","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6018":{"id":"6018","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 2","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":229348,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.05,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:38 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jared Huffman","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":169005,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Chris Coulombe","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":37372,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Tief Gibbs","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":18437,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jolian Kangas","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":3166,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jason Brisendine","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":1368,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T00:46:10.103Z"},"6020":{"id":"6020","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 4","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":187640,"precinctsReportPercentage":96.32,"eevp":96.36,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mike Thompson","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":118147,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"John Munn","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":56232,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Andrew Engdahl","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":11202,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Niket Patwardhan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":2059,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-07T00:30:57.980Z"},"6025":{"id":"6025","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 9","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":121271,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.17,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:10 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Josh Harder","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":60396,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Kevin Lincoln","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":36346,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"John McBride","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":15525,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Khalid Jafri","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":9004,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T00:49:44.113Z"},"6031":{"id":"6031","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 15","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Anna Kramer","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Kevin Mullin","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6035":{"id":"6035","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 19","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":203670,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.11,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:47 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jimmy Panetta","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":132540,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Jason Anderson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":58120,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Sean Dougherty","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"Grn","voteCount":13010,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-07T00:23:46.779Z"},"6066":{"id":"6066","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 3","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:10 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jamie Gallagher","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Aaron Draper","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6067":{"id":"6067","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 4","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Cecilia Aguiar-Curry","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6087":{"id":"6087","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 24","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":66643,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.19,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Alex Lee","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":45544,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Bob Brunton","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":14951,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Marti Souza","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":6148,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-14T23:23:49.770Z"},"6088":{"id":"6088","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 25","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":69560,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.31,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Ash Kalra","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":35821,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Ted Stroll","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":18255,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Lan Ngo","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":15484,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-14T02:40:57.200Z"},"6092":{"id":"6092","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 29","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:47 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Robert Rivas","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"J.W. Paine","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6223":{"id":"6223","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 46","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:16 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Lou Correa","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"David Pan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6530":{"id":"6530","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 3","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":222193,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:48 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Thom Bogue","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":61776,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Christopher Cabaldon","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":59041,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Rozzana Verder-Aliga","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":45546,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jackie Elward","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":41127,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jimih Jones","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":14703,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-15T01:24:31.539Z"},"6531":{"id":"6531","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 5","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":171623,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.09,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:10 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jim Shoemaker","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":74935,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Jerry McNerney","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":57040,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Carlos Villapudua","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":39648,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-13T20:07:46.382Z"},"6532":{"id":"6532","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 7","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":192446,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.72,"eevp":98.78,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:48 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jesse Arreguín","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":61837,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Jovanka Beckles","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":34025,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Dan Kalb","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":28842,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Kathryn Lybarger","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":28041,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Sandre Swanson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":22862,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jeanne Solnordal","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":16839,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-16T00:58:11.533Z"},"6533":{"id":"6533","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 9","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Tim Grayson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Marisol Rubio","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6534":{"id":"6534","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 11","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":228260,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.09,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Scott Wiener","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":166592,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Yvette Corkrean","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":34438,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Cynthia Cravens","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":18513,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jing Xiong","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":8717,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T02:01:51.597Z"},"6535":{"id":"6535","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 13","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":227191,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.88,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Josh Becker","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":167127,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Alexander Glew","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":42788,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Christina Laskowski","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":17276,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T01:56:24.964Z"},"6536":{"id":"6536","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 15","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":180231,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.81,"eevp":98.95,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Dave Cortese","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":124440,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Robert Howell","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":34173,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Tony Loaiza","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":21618,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-13T01:15:45.365Z"},"6548":{"id":"6548","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 39","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:55 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Akilah Weber","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Bob Divine","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6611":{"id":"6611","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 11","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":188732,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.89,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"8:25 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Nancy Pelosi","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":138285,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Bruce Lou","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":16285,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Marjorie Mikels","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":9363,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Bianca Von Krieg","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":7634,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jason Zeng","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":6607,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jason Boyce","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":4325,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Larry Nichelson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":3482,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Eve Del Castello","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":2751,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T00:31:55.445Z"},"8589":{"id":"8589","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. Senate, Class I","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":7276537,"precinctsReportPercentage":99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:47 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Adam Schiff","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":2299507,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Steve Garvey","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":2292414,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Katie Porter","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":1115606,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Barbara Lee","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":714408,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Eric Early","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":240723,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"James Bradley","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":98180,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Christina Pascucci","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":61755,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Sharleta Bassett","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":54422,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Sarah Liew","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":38483,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Laura Garza ","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":34320,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jonathan Reiss","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":34283,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Sepi Gilani","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":34056,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Gail Lightfoot","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"Lib","voteCount":33046,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Denice Gary-Pandol","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":25494,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"James Macauley","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":23168,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Harmesh Kumar","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":21522,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"David Peterson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":21076,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Douglas Pierce","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":19371,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Major Singh","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":16965,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"John Rose","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":14577,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Perry Pound","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":14134,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Raji Rab","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":13558,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Mark Ruzon","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":13429,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Forrest Jones","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"AIP","voteCount":13027,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Stefan Simchowitz","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":12717,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Martin Veprauskas","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":9714,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Don Grundmann","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":6582,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T05:01:46.589Z"},"8686":{"id":"8686","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"President,","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top1","totalVotes":3589127,"precinctsReportPercentage":99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:48 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Joe Biden","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":3200188,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Marianne Williamson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":145690,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Dean Phillips","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":99981,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Armando Perez-Serrato","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":42925,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Gabriel Cornejo","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":41261,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"President Boddie","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":25373,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Stephen Lyons","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":21008,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Eban Cambridge","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":12701,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:12:27.559Z"},"8688":{"id":"8688","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"President,","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top1","totalVotes":2466569,"precinctsReportPercentage":99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:47 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Donald Trump","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":1953947,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Nikki Haley","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":430792,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Ron DeSantis","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":35581,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Chris Christie","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":20164,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Vivek Ramaswamy","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":11069,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Rachel Swift","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":4231,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"David Stuckenberg","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":3895,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Ryan Binkley","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":3563,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Asa Hutchinson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":3327,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:13:19.766Z"},"81993":{"id":"81993","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. Senate, Class I Unexpired Term","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":7358837,"precinctsReportPercentage":99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:47 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Steve Garvey","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":2444940,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Adam Schiff","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":2155146,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Katie Porter","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":1269194,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Barbara Lee","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":863278,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Eric Early","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":448788,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Christina Pascucci","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":109421,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Sepi Gilani","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":68070,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:31:08.186Z"},"82014":{"id":"82014","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"Proposition, 1 - Behavioral Health Services Program","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top1","totalVotes":7221972,"precinctsReportPercentage":99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:47 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":null,"voteCount":3624998,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":null,"voteCount":3596974,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-21T00:11:06.265Z"},"timeLoaded":"April 23, 2024 12:11 AM","nationalRacesLoaded":true,"localRacesLoaded":true,"overrides":[{"id":"5921","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 7","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5922","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 8","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5924","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 10","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5926","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 12","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/alameda/congress-12th-district"},{"id":"5928","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 14","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5930","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 16","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/california/congress-16th-district"},{"id":"5931","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 17","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5932","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 18","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5963","raceName":"State Assembly, District 2","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5972","raceName":"State Assembly, District 11","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5973","raceName":"State Assembly, District 12","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5975","raceName":"State Assembly, District 14","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5976","raceName":"State Assembly, District 15","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/contracosta/state-assembly"},{"id":"5977","raceName":"State Assembly, District 16","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5978","raceName":"State Assembly, District 17","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5979","raceName":"State Assembly, District 18","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5980","raceName":"State Assembly, District 19","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5981","raceName":"State Assembly, District 20","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5982","raceName":"State Assembly, District 21","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5984","raceName":"State Assembly, District 23","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/california/state-assembly-23rd-district"},{"id":"5987","raceName":"State Assembly, District 26","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/santaclara/state-assembly-26th-district"},{"id":"5989","raceName":"State Assembly, District 28","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6010","raceName":"State Assembly, District 4","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6018","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 2","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6020","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 4","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6025","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 9","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6031","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 15","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6035","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 19","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6067","raceName":"State Assembly, District 4","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6087","raceName":"State Assembly, District 24","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6088","raceName":"State Assembly, District 25","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6092","raceName":"State Assembly, District 29","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6223","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 4","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6530","raceName":"State Senate, District 3","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/california/state-senate-3rd-district"},{"id":"6531","raceName":"State Senate, District 5","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6532","raceName":"State Senate, District 7","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/california/state-senate-7th-district"},{"id":"6533","raceName":"State Senate, District 9","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6534","raceName":"State Senate, District 11","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6535","raceName":"State Senate, District 13","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6536","raceName":"State Senate, District 15","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6611","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 11","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"8589","raceName":"U.S. Senate (Full Term)","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/california/senator"},{"id":"8686","raceName":"California Democratic Presidential Primary","raceDescription":"Candidates are competing for 496 delegates.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/president/democrat"},{"id":"8688","raceName":"California Republican Presidential Primary","raceDescription":"Candidates are competing for 169 delegates.","raceReadTheStory":"https://kqed.org/elections/results/president/republican"},{"id":"81993","raceName":"U.S. Senate (Partial/Unexpired Term)","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election."},{"id":"82014","raceName":"Proposition 1","raceDescription":"Bond and mental health reforms. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/california/proposition-1"}],"AlamedaJudge5":{"id":"AlamedaJudge5","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Office 5","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":200601,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Terry Wiley","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":200601}]},"AlamedaJudge12":{"id":"AlamedaJudge12","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Office 12","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":240853,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mark Fickes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":133009},{"candidateName":"Michael P. Johnson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":107844}]},"AlamedaBoard2":{"id":"AlamedaBoard2","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Board of Education, Trustee Area 2","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":33580,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"John Lewis","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6943},{"candidateName":"Angela Normand","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":26637}]},"AlamedaBoard5":{"id":"AlamedaBoard5","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Board of Education, Trustee Area 5","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":26072,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Guadalupe \"Lupe\" Angulo","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7521},{"candidateName":"Janevette Cole","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":13338},{"candidateName":"Joe Orlando Ramos","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5213}]},"AlamedaBoard6":{"id":"AlamedaBoard6","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Board of Education, Trustee Area 6","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":30864,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"John Guerrero","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":9989},{"candidateName":"Eileen McDonald","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":20875}]},"AlamedaSup1":{"id":"AlamedaSup1","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 1","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":41038,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"David Haubert","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":41038}]},"AlamedaSup2":{"id":"AlamedaSup2","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 2","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":31034,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Elisa Márquez","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":31034}]},"AlamedaSup4":{"id":"AlamedaSup4","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 4","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/alameda/supervisor-4th-district","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":57007,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jennifer Esteen","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":22400},{"candidateName":"Nate Miley","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":34607}]},"AlamedaSup5":{"id":"AlamedaSup5","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/alameda/supervisor-5th-district","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":81059,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Ben Bartlett","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":13518},{"candidateName":"Nikki Fortunato Bas","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":27597},{"candidateName":"John J. Bauters","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":16783},{"candidateName":"Ken Berrick","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7520},{"candidateName":"Omar Farmer","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1240},{"candidateName":"Gregory Hodge","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3419},{"candidateName":"Chris Moore","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7428},{"candidateName":"Gerald Pechenuk","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":305},{"candidateName":"Lorrel Plimier","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3249}]},"AlamedaBoard7":{"id":"AlamedaBoard7","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Flood Control & Water Conservation District Director, Zone 7, Full Term","raceDescription":"Top three candidates win seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top3","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":134340,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Alan Burnham","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":15723},{"candidateName":"Sandy Figuers","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":22454},{"candidateName":"Laurene K. Green","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":30343},{"candidateName":"Kathy Narum","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":23833},{"candidateName":"Seema Badar","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7468},{"candidateName":"Catherine Brown","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":34519}]},"AlamedaAuditor":{"id":"AlamedaAuditor","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Oakland Auditor","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":59227,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Michael Houston","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":59227}]},"AlamedaMeasureA":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureA","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure A","raceDescription":"Alameda County. Civil service. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":282335,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":167903},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":114432}]},"AlamedaMeasureB":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureB","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure B","raceDescription":"Alameda County. Recall rules. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/alameda/measure-b","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":282683,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":182200},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":100483}]},"AlamedaMeasureD":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureD","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure D","raceDescription":"Oakland. Appropriations limit. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":79797,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":59852},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":19945}]},"AlamedaMeasureE":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureE","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure E","raceDescription":"Alameda Unified School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":22692,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":17280},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5412}]},"AlamedaMeasureF":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureF","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure F","raceDescription":"Piedmont. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":4855,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3673},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1182}]},"AlamedaMeasureG":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureG","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure G","raceDescription":"Albany Unified School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote. ","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":5898,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4651},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1247}]},"AlamedaMeasureH":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureH","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure H","raceDescription":"Berkeley Unified School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":33331,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":29418},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3913}]},"AlamedaMeasureI":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureI","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure I","raceDescription":"Hayward Unified School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":21929,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":14151},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7778}]},"AlamedaMeasureJ":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureJ","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure J","raceDescription":"San Leandro Unified School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":12338,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7784},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4554}]},"CCD2":{"id":"CCD2","type":"localRace","location":"Contra Costa","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 2","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:45 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":45776,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Candace Andersen","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":45776}]},"CCD3":{"id":"CCD3","type":"localRace","location":"Contra Costa","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 3","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:45 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":25120,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Diane Burgis","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":25120}]},"CCD5":{"id":"CCD5","type":"localRace","location":"Contra Costa","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/contracosta/supervisor-5th-district","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"6:45 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":37045,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mike Barbanica","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":14338},{"candidateName":"Jelani Killings","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5683},{"candidateName":"Shanelle Scales-Preston","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":12993},{"candidateName":"Iztaccuauhtli Hector Gonzalez","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4031}]},"CCMeasureA":{"id":"CCMeasureA","type":"localRace","location":"Contra Costa","raceName":"Measure A","raceDescription":"Martinez. Appoint City Clerk. Passes with a majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:45 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":11513,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7554},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3959}]},"CCMeasureB":{"id":"CCMeasureB","type":"localRace","location":"Contra Costa","raceName":"Measure B","raceDescription":"Antioch Unified School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:45 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":17971,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10397},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7574}]},"CCMeasureC":{"id":"CCMeasureC","type":"localRace","location":"Contra Costa","raceName":"Measure C","raceDescription":"Martinez Unified School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:45 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":9230,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6917},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2313}]},"CCMeasureD":{"id":"CCMeasureD","type":"localRace","location":"Contra Costa","raceName":"Measure D","raceDescription":"Moraga School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:45 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":6007,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4052},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1955}]},"MarinD2":{"id":"MarinD2","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 2","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/marin/supervisor-2nd-district","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":18466,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Brian Colbert","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7971},{"candidateName":"Heather McPhail Sridharan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4851},{"candidateName":"Ryan O'Neil","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2647},{"candidateName":"Gabe Paulson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2997}]},"MarinD3":{"id":"MarinD3","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 3","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":13274,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Stephanie Moulton-Peters","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":13274}]},"MarinD4":{"id":"MarinD4","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 4","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":12986,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Dennis Rodoni","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10086},{"candidateName":"Francis Drouillard","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2900}]},"MarinLarkspurCC":{"id":"MarinLarkspurCC","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Larkspur City Council (Short Term)","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":4176,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Stephanie Andre","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2514},{"candidateName":"Claire Paquette","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1008},{"candidateName":"Lana Scott","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":654}]},"MarinRossCouncil":{"id":"MarinRossCouncil","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Ross Town Council","raceDescription":"Top three candidates win seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top3","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":1740,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Charles William \"Bill\" Kircher, Jr.","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":536},{"candidateName":"Mathew Salter","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":502},{"candidateName":"Shadi Aboukhater","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":187},{"candidateName":"Teri Dowling","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":515}]},"MarinMeasureA":{"id":"MarinMeasureA","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure A","raceDescription":"Tamalpais Union High School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":45345,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":24376},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":20969}]},"MarinMeasureB":{"id":"MarinMeasureB","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure B","raceDescription":"Petaluma Joint Union High School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":132,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":62},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":70}]},"MarinMeasureC":{"id":"MarinMeasureC","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure C","raceDescription":"Belvedere. Appropriation limit. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":870,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":679},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":191}]},"MarinMeasureD":{"id":"MarinMeasureD","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure D","raceDescription":"Larkspur. Rent stabilization. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/marin/measure-d","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":4955,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2573},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2382}]},"MarinMeasureE":{"id":"MarinMeasureE","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure E","raceDescription":"Ross. Special tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/marin/measure-e","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":874,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":683},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":191}]},"MarinMeasureF":{"id":"MarinMeasureF","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure F","raceDescription":"San Anselmo. Flood Control and Water Conservation District. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":5193,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3083},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2110}]},"MarinMeasureG":{"id":"MarinMeasureG","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure G","raceDescription":"Bel Marin Keys Community Services District. Special tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":830,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":661},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":169}]},"MarinMeasureH":{"id":"MarinMeasureH","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure H","raceDescription":"Marinwood Community Services District. Appropriations limit, fire protection. Passes with a majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":1738,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1369},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":369}]},"MarinMeasureI":{"id":"MarinMeasureI","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure I","raceDescription":"Marinwood Community Services District. Appropriations limit, parks. Passes with a majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":1735,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1336},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":399}]},"NapaD2":{"id":"NapaD2","type":"localRace","location":"Napa","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 2","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"April 3, 2024","totalVotes":8351,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Liz Alessio","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6340},{"candidateName":"Doris Gentry","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2011}]},"NapaD4":{"id":"NapaD4","type":"localRace","location":"Napa","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 4","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/napa/supervisor-4th-district","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"April 3, 2024","totalVotes":7306,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Amber Manfree","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3913},{"candidateName":"Pete Mott","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3393}]},"NapaD5":{"id":"NapaD5","type":"localRace","location":"Napa","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/napa/supervisor-5th-district","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"April 3, 2024","totalVotes":5356,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mariam Aboudamous","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2379},{"candidateName":"Belia Ramos","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2977}]},"NapaMeasureD":{"id":"NapaMeasureD","type":"localRace","location":"Napa","raceName":"Measure D","raceDescription":"Howell Mountain Elementary School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"April 3, 2024","totalVotes":741,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":367},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":374}]},"NapaMeasureU":{"id":"NapaMeasureU","type":"localRace","location":"Napa","raceName":"Measure U","raceDescription":"Lake Berryessa Resort Improvement District. Appropriations limit. Passes with majority vote. ","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"April 3, 2024","totalVotes":86,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":63},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":23}]},"NapaMeasureU1":{"id":"NapaMeasureU1","type":"localRace","location":"Napa","raceName":"Measure U","raceDescription":"Yountville. Appropriations limit. Passes with majority vote. ","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"April 3, 2024","totalVotes":925,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":793},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":132}]},"SFJudge1":{"id":"SFJudge1","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Seat 1","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sanfrancisco/superior-court-seat-1","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":202960,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Michael Begert","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":124943},{"candidateName":"Chip Zecher","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":78017}]},"SFJudge13":{"id":"SFJudge13","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Seat 13","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sanfrancisco/superior-court-seat-13","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":202386,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jean Myungjin Roland","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":90012},{"candidateName":"Patrick S. Thompson","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":112374}]},"SFPropA":{"id":"SFPropA","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Proposition A","raceDescription":"Housing bond. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sanfrancisco/proposition-a","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":225187,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":158497},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":66690}]},"SFPropB":{"id":"SFPropB","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Proposition B","raceDescription":"Police staffing. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":222954,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":61580},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":161374}]},"SFPropC":{"id":"SFPropC","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Proposition C","raceDescription":"Transfer tax exemption. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":220349,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":116311},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":104038}]},"SFPropD":{"id":"SFPropD","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Proposition D","raceDescription":"Ethics laws. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":222615,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":198584},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":24031}]},"SFPropE":{"id":"SFPropE","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Proposition E","raceDescription":"Police policies. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sanfrancisco/proposition-e","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":222817,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":120529},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":102288}]},"SFPropF":{"id":"SFPropF","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Proposition F","raceDescription":"Drug screening. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sanfrancisco/proposition-f","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":224004,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":130214},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":93790}]},"SFPropG":{"id":"SFPropG","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Proposition G","raceDescription":"Eighth-grade algebra. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":222704,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":182066},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":40638}]},"SMJudge4":{"id":"SMJudge4","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Office 4","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:56 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":108919,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Sarah Burdick","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":108919}]},"SMD1":{"id":"SMD1","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 1","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sanmateo/supervisor-1st-district","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:56 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":29650,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jackie Speier","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":20353},{"candidateName":"Ann Schneider","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":9297}]},"SMD4":{"id":"SMD4","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 4","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sanmateo/supervisor-4th-district","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"6:56 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":22725,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Antonio Lopez","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5730},{"candidateName":"Lisa Gauthier","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10358},{"candidateName":"Celeste Brevard","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1268},{"candidateName":"Paul Bocanegra","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1909},{"candidateName":"Maggie Cornejo","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3460}]},"SMD5":{"id":"SMD5","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:56 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":19937,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"David Canepa","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":19937}]},"SMMeasureB":{"id":"SMMeasureB","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Measure B","raceDescription":"County Service Area #1 (Highlands). Special tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:56 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":1549,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1360},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":189}]},"SMMeasureC":{"id":"SMMeasureC","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Measure C","raceDescription":"Jefferson Elementary School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:56 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":12234,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":8543},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3691}]},"SMMeasureE":{"id":"SMMeasureE","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Measure E","raceDescription":"Woodside Elementary School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:56 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":1392,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":910},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":482}]},"SMMeasureG":{"id":"SMMeasureG","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Measure G","raceDescription":"Pacifica School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:56 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":11548,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7067},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4481}]},"SMMeasureH":{"id":"SMMeasureH","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Measure H","raceDescription":"San Carlos School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:56 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":9938,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6283},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3655}]},"SCJudge5":{"id":"SCJudge5","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Office 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":301953,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jay Boyarsky","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":142549},{"candidateName":"Nicole M. Ford","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":52147},{"candidateName":"Johnene Linda Stebbins","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":107257}]},"SCD2":{"id":"SCD2","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 2","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/santaclara/supervisor-2nd-district","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":44059,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Corina Herrera-Loera","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10519},{"candidateName":"Jennifer Margaret Celaya","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2394},{"candidateName":"Madison Nguyen","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":12794},{"candidateName":"Betty Duong","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":14031},{"candidateName":"Nelson McElmurry","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4321}]},"SCD3":{"id":"SCD3","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 3","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":42549,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Otto Lee","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":42549}]},"SCD5":{"id":"SCD5","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/santaclara/supervisor-5th-district","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":88712,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Margaret Abe-Koga","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":37172},{"candidateName":"Sally J. Lieber","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":21962},{"candidateName":"Barry Chang","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6164},{"candidateName":"Peter C. Fung","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":17892},{"candidateName":"Sandy Sans","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5522}]},"SCSJMayor":{"id":"SCSJMayor","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"San José Mayor","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":167064,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Matt Mahan","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":144701},{"candidateName":"Tyrone Wade","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":22363}]},"SCSJD2":{"id":"SCSJD2","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"San José City Council, District 2","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":14131,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Joe Lopez","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4950},{"candidateName":"Pamela Campos","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3436},{"candidateName":"Vanessa Sandoval","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2719},{"candidateName":"Babu Prasad","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3026}]},"SCSJD4":{"id":"SCSJD4","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"San José City Council, District 4","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":14322,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Kansen Chu","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5931},{"candidateName":"David Cohen","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":8391}]},"SCSJD6":{"id":"SCSJD6","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"San José City Council, District 6","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":25108,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"David Cohen","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":9875},{"candidateName":"Alex Shoor","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3850},{"candidateName":"Angelo \"A.J.\" Pasciuti","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2688},{"candidateName":"Michael Mulcahy","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":8695}]},"SCSJD8":{"id":"SCSJD8","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"San José City Council, District 8","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":21462,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Tam Truong","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6982},{"candidateName":"Domingo Candelas","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":8466},{"candidateName":"Sukhdev Singh Bainiwal","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5513},{"candidateName":"Surinder Kaur Dhaliwal","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":501}]},"SCSJD10":{"id":"SCSJD10","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"San José City Council, District 10","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":22799,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"George Casey","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":8805},{"candidateName":"Arjun Batra","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":8354},{"candidateName":"Lenka Wright","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5640}]},"SCMeasureA":{"id":"SCMeasureA","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"Measure A","raceDescription":"Santa Clara. Appointed city clerk. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":20315,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6580},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":13735}]},"SCMeasureB":{"id":"SCMeasureB","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"Measure B","raceDescription":"Santa Clara. Appointed police chief. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":20567,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5680},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":14887}]},"SCMeasureC":{"id":"SCMeasureC","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"Measure C","raceDescription":"Sunnyvale School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":14656,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10261},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4395}]},"SolanoD15":{"id":"SolanoD15","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Department 15","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"","timeUpdated":"7:08 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":81709,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mike Thompson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":36844},{"candidateName":"Bryan J. Kim","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":44865}]},"SolanoD1":{"id":"SolanoD1","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 1","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/solano/supervisor-1st-district","raceType":"","timeUpdated":"7:08 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":13786,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Michael Wilson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6401},{"candidateName":"Cassandra James","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7385}]},"SolanoD2":{"id":"SolanoD2","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 2","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"","timeUpdated":"7:08 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":19903,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Monica Brown","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10951},{"candidateName":"Nora Dizon","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3135},{"candidateName":"Rochelle Sherlock","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5817}]},"SolanoD5":{"id":"SolanoD5","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"","timeUpdated":"7:08 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":17888,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mitch Mashburn","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":11210},{"candidateName":"Chadwick J. Ledoux","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6678}]},"SolanoEducation":{"id":"SolanoEducation","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Sacramento County Board of Education","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"","timeUpdated":"7:08 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":3650,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Heather Davis","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2960},{"candidateName":"Shazleen Khan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":690}]},"SolanoMeasureA":{"id":"SolanoMeasureA","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Measure A","raceDescription":"Benicia. Hotel tax. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/solano/measure-a","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:08 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":10136,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7869},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2267}]},"SolanoMeasureB":{"id":"SolanoMeasureB","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Measure B","raceDescription":"Benicia. Sales tax. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/solano/measure-b","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:08 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":10164,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7335},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2829}]},"SolanoMeasureC":{"id":"SolanoMeasureC","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Measure C","raceDescription":"Benicia Unified School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:08 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":10112,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6316},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3796}]},"SolanoMeasureN":{"id":"SolanoMeasureN","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Measure N","raceDescription":"Davis Joint Unified School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:08 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":15,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10}]},"SonomaJudge3":{"id":"SonomaJudge3","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Office 3","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":115405,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Kristine M. Burk","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":79498},{"candidateName":"Beki Berrey","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":35907}]},"SonomaJudge4":{"id":"SonomaJudge4","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Office 4","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":86789,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Paul J. Lozada","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":86789}]},"SonomaJudge6":{"id":"SonomaJudge6","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Office 6","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":117990,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Omar Figueroa","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":42236},{"candidateName":"Kenneth English","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":75754}]},"SonomaD1":{"id":"SonomaD1","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 1","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":30348,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Rebecca Hermosillo","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":23958},{"candidateName":"Jonathan Mathieu","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6390}]},"SonomaD3":{"id":"SonomaD3","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 3","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sonoma/supervisor-3rd-district","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":16312,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Chris Coursey","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":11346},{"candidateName":"Omar Medina","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4966}]},"SonomaD5":{"id":"SonomaD5","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":23356,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Lynda Hopkins","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":23356}]},"SonomaMeasureA":{"id":"SonomaMeasureA","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Measure A","raceDescription":"Cotati-Rohnert Park Unified School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":13756,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10320},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3436}]},"SonomaMeasureB":{"id":"SonomaMeasureB","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Measure B","raceDescription":"Petaluma Joint Union High School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":24877,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":15795},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":9082}]},"SonomaMeasureC":{"id":"SonomaMeasureC","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Measure C","raceDescription":"Fort Ross School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":286,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":159},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":127}]},"SonomaMeasureD":{"id":"SonomaMeasureD","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Measure D","raceDescription":"Harmony Union School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":1925,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1089},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":836}]},"SonomaMeasureE":{"id":"SonomaMeasureE","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Measure E","raceDescription":"Petaluma City (Elementary) School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":11133,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7622},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3511}]},"SonomaMeasureG":{"id":"SonomaMeasureG","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Measure G","raceDescription":"Rincon Valley Union School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":14577,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":8668},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5909}]},"SonomaMeasureH":{"id":"SonomaMeasureH","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Measure H","raceDescription":"Sonoma County. Sales tax. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sonoma/measure-h","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":145261,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":89646},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":55615}]}},"radioSchedulesReducer":{},"listsReducer":{"posts/mindshift?tag=parent-communication":{"isFetching":false,"latestQuery":{"from":0,"postsToRender":9},"tag":null,"vitalsOnly":true,"totalRequested":9,"isLoading":false,"isLoadingMore":true,"total":23,"items":["mindshift_63148","mindshift_62672","mindshift_61909","mindshift_61552","mindshift_61492","mindshift_61430","mindshift_61399","mindshift_59143","mindshift_59433"]}},"recallGuideReducer":{"intros":{},"policy":{},"candidates":{}},"savedPostsReducer":{},"pfsSessionReducer":{},"siteSettingsReducer":{},"subscriptionsReducer":{},"termsReducer":{"about":{"name":"About","type":"terms","id":"about","slug":"about","link":"/about","taxonomy":"site"},"arts":{"name":"Arts & Culture","grouping":["arts","pop","trulyca"],"description":"KQED Arts provides daily in-depth coverage of the Bay Area's music, art, film, performing arts, literature and arts news, as well as cultural commentary and criticism.","type":"terms","id":"arts","slug":"arts","link":"/arts","taxonomy":"site"},"artschool":{"name":"Art School","parent":"arts","type":"terms","id":"artschool","slug":"artschool","link":"/artschool","taxonomy":"site"},"bayareabites":{"name":"KQED food","grouping":["food","bayareabites","checkplease"],"parent":"food","type":"terms","id":"bayareabites","slug":"bayareabites","link":"/food","taxonomy":"site"},"bayareahiphop":{"name":"Bay Area Hiphop","type":"terms","id":"bayareahiphop","slug":"bayareahiphop","link":"/bayareahiphop","taxonomy":"site"},"campaign21":{"name":"Campaign 21","type":"terms","id":"campaign21","slug":"campaign21","link":"/campaign21","taxonomy":"site"},"checkplease":{"name":"KQED food","grouping":["food","bayareabites","checkplease"],"parent":"food","type":"terms","id":"checkplease","slug":"checkplease","link":"/food","taxonomy":"site"},"education":{"name":"Education","grouping":["education"],"type":"terms","id":"education","slug":"education","link":"/education","taxonomy":"site"},"elections":{"name":"Elections","type":"terms","id":"elections","slug":"elections","link":"/elections","taxonomy":"site"},"events":{"name":"Events","type":"terms","id":"events","slug":"events","link":"/events","taxonomy":"site"},"event":{"name":"Event","alias":"events","type":"terms","id":"event","slug":"event","link":"/event","taxonomy":"site"},"filmschoolshorts":{"name":"Film School Shorts","type":"terms","id":"filmschoolshorts","slug":"filmschoolshorts","link":"/filmschoolshorts","taxonomy":"site"},"food":{"name":"KQED food","grouping":["food","bayareabites","checkplease"],"type":"terms","id":"food","slug":"food","link":"/food","taxonomy":"site"},"forum":{"name":"Forum","relatedContentQuery":"posts/forum?","parent":"news","type":"terms","id":"forum","slug":"forum","link":"/forum","taxonomy":"site"},"futureofyou":{"name":"Future of You","grouping":["science","futureofyou"],"parent":"science","type":"terms","id":"futureofyou","slug":"futureofyou","link":"/futureofyou","taxonomy":"site"},"jpepinheart":{"name":"KQED food","relatedContentQuery":"trending/food,bayareabites,checkplease","parent":"food","type":"terms","id":"jpepinheart","slug":"jpepinheart","link":"/food","taxonomy":"site"},"liveblog":{"name":"Live Blog","type":"terms","id":"liveblog","slug":"liveblog","link":"/liveblog","taxonomy":"site"},"livetv":{"name":"Live TV","parent":"tv","type":"terms","id":"livetv","slug":"livetv","link":"/livetv","taxonomy":"site"},"lowdown":{"name":"The Lowdown","relatedContentQuery":"posts/lowdown?","parent":"news","type":"terms","id":"lowdown","slug":"lowdown","link":"/lowdown","taxonomy":"site"},"mindshift":{"name":"Mindshift","parent":"news","description":"MindShift explores the future of education by highlighting the innovative – and sometimes counterintuitive – ways educators and parents are helping all children succeed.","type":"terms","id":"mindshift","slug":"mindshift","link":"/mindshift","taxonomy":"site"},"news":{"name":"News","grouping":["news","forum"],"type":"terms","id":"news","slug":"news","link":"/news","taxonomy":"site"},"perspectives":{"name":"Perspectives","parent":"radio","type":"terms","id":"perspectives","slug":"perspectives","link":"/perspectives","taxonomy":"site"},"podcasts":{"name":"Podcasts","type":"terms","id":"podcasts","slug":"podcasts","link":"/podcasts","taxonomy":"site"},"pop":{"name":"Pop","parent":"arts","type":"terms","id":"pop","slug":"pop","link":"/pop","taxonomy":"site"},"pressroom":{"name":"Pressroom","type":"terms","id":"pressroom","slug":"pressroom","link":"/pressroom","taxonomy":"site"},"quest":{"name":"Quest","parent":"science","type":"terms","id":"quest","slug":"quest","link":"/quest","taxonomy":"site"},"radio":{"name":"Radio","grouping":["forum","perspectives"],"description":"Listen to KQED Public Radio – home of Forum and The California Report – on 88.5 FM in San Francisco, 89.3 FM in Sacramento, 88.3 FM in Santa Rosa and 88.1 FM in Martinez.","type":"terms","id":"radio","slug":"radio","link":"/radio","taxonomy":"site"},"root":{"name":"KQED","image":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","imageWidth":1200,"imageHeight":630,"headData":{"title":"KQED | News, Radio, Podcasts, TV | Public Media for Northern California","description":"KQED provides public radio, television, and independent reporting on issues that matter to the Bay Area. We’re the NPR and PBS member station for Northern California."},"type":"terms","id":"root","slug":"root","link":"/root","taxonomy":"site"},"science":{"name":"Science","grouping":["science","futureofyou"],"description":"KQED Science brings you award-winning science and environment coverage from the Bay Area and beyond.","type":"terms","id":"science","slug":"science","link":"/science","taxonomy":"site"},"stateofhealth":{"name":"State of Health","parent":"science","type":"terms","id":"stateofhealth","slug":"stateofhealth","link":"/stateofhealth","taxonomy":"site"},"support":{"name":"Support","type":"terms","id":"support","slug":"support","link":"/support","taxonomy":"site"},"thedolist":{"name":"The Do List","parent":"arts","type":"terms","id":"thedolist","slug":"thedolist","link":"/thedolist","taxonomy":"site"},"trulyca":{"name":"Truly CA","grouping":["arts","pop","trulyca"],"parent":"arts","type":"terms","id":"trulyca","slug":"trulyca","link":"/trulyca","taxonomy":"site"},"tv":{"name":"TV","type":"terms","id":"tv","slug":"tv","link":"/tv","taxonomy":"site"},"voterguide":{"name":"Voter Guide","parent":"elections","alias":"elections","type":"terms","id":"voterguide","slug":"voterguide","link":"/voterguide","taxonomy":"site"},"mindshift_231":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_231","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"231","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"parent communication","slug":"parent-communication","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"parent communication Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null,"imageData":{"ogImageSize":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","width":1200,"height":630},"twImageSize":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"},"twitterCard":"summary_large_image"}},"ttid":231,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/parent-communication"},"mindshift_21512":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_21512","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"21512","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Belonging","slug":"belonging","taxonomy":"category","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Belonging Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20784,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/category/belonging"},"mindshift_21385":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_21385","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"21385","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Parenting","slug":"parenting","taxonomy":"category","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Parenting Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20657,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/category/parenting"},"mindshift_21579":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_21579","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"21579","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Schoolwide Solutions","slug":"schoolwide-solutions","taxonomy":"category","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Schoolwide Solutions Archives - KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20851,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/category/schoolwide-solutions"},"mindshift_193":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_193","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"193","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Teaching Strategies","slug":"teaching-strategies","taxonomy":"category","description":"Innovative ideas - projects, processes, curricula, and more - that are transforming how we teach and learn.","featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Teaching Strategies Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":"Innovative ideas - projects, processes, curricula, and more - that are transforming how we teach and learn.","ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":193,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/category/teaching-strategies"},"mindshift_21250":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_21250","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"21250","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"belonging","slug":"belonging","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"belonging Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20522,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/belonging"},"mindshift_21036":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_21036","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"21036","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"communication","slug":"communication","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"communication Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20308,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/communication"},"mindshift_21471":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_21471","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"21471","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"disabilities","slug":"disabilities","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"disabilities Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20743,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/disabilities"},"mindshift_21718":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_21718","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"21718","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"disability","slug":"disability","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"disability Archives - KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20990,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/disability"},"mindshift_20851":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_20851","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"20851","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"English Language Learners","slug":"english-language-learners","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"English Language Learners Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20129,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/english-language-learners"},"mindshift_397":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_397","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"397","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"English language learning","slug":"english-language-learning","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"English language learning Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":398,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/english-language-learning"},"mindshift_21416":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_21416","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"21416","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"families","slug":"families","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"families Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20688,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/families"},"mindshift_21707":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_21707","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"21707","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"family","slug":"family","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"family Archives - KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20979,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/family"},"mindshift_21230":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_21230","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"21230","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"family engagement","slug":"family-engagement","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"family engagement Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20502,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/family-engagement"},"mindshift_163":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_163","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"163","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"learning disabilities","slug":"learning-disabilities","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"learning disabilities Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":163,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/learning-disabilities"},"mindshift_20934":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_20934","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"20934","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"special education","slug":"special-education","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"special education Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20206,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/special-education"},"mindshift_20729":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_20729","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"20729","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"BACK TO SCHOOL","slug":"back-to-school","taxonomy":"category","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"BACK TO SCHOOL Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20006,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/category/back-to-school"},"mindshift_194":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_194","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"194","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Culture","slug":"culture","taxonomy":"category","description":"How trends in technology – social networks, Internet privacy, cyberbullying – influence education.","featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Culture Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":"How trends in technology – social networks, Internet privacy, cyberbullying – influence education.","ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":194,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/category/culture"},"mindshift_21130":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_21130","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"21130","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"MindShift Podcast","slug":"mindshiftpodcast","taxonomy":"category","description":"It’s easy to see a child’s education as a path determined by grades, test scores and extra curricular activities. But genuine learning is about so much more than the points schools tally. MindShift explores the future of education by investigating innovations and issues that are shaping how kids learn.\r\nEmotional safety, trust, and relationships: this season, we investigate the intangible, and often overlooked, elements of academic success. You’ll hear how teacher home visits can help parents see themselves as a valued a partner in their child’s education; how far a public high school goes to develop an inclusive experience for the crucial transition to ninth grade; how parents and schools can address childhood trauma so it doesn’t become an obstacle to learning, and what parents and communities can do to help kids grow.\r\nThis podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us @MindShiftKQED or visit us at MindShift.KQED.org.","featImg":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/08/Mindshift_KQEDorg_1440x1103_02-1.jpg","headData":{"title":"MindShift Podcast Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":"It’s easy to see a child’s education as a path determined by grades, test scores and extra curricular activities. But genuine learning is about so much more than the points schools tally. MindShift explores the future of education by investigating innovations and issues that are shaping how kids learn. Emotional safety, trust, and relationships: this season, we investigate the intangible, and often overlooked, elements of academic success. You’ll hear how teacher home visits can help parents see themselves as a valued a partner in their child’s education; how far a public high school goes to develop an inclusive experience for the crucial transition to ninth grade; how parents and schools can address childhood trauma so it doesn’t become an obstacle to learning, and what parents and communities can do to help kids grow. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us @MindShiftKQED or visit us at MindShift.KQED.org.","ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20402,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/category/mindshiftpodcast"},"mindshift_20960":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_20960","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"20960","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Stories Teachers Share","slug":"stories-teachers-share","taxonomy":"category","description":"Stories Teachers Share is a podcast about what it’s like to be a teacher and what we can learn from them.\r\n\r\nTeaching is a deeply personal profession. Teachers give so much of themselves to their students, nurturing relationships and trust with students along the way. It’s those intangibles that don’t always show up on standardized tests and rarely get discussed in the media.\r\n\r\nFew people ever know the truth about what it’s really like to teach or what impact great teaching can have on someone’s life. A lot of those experiences are locked away in classrooms or become sentiments never shared with the ones who might need to hear it the most. Stories Teachers Share will not only paint a picture of the men and women spending more than six hours a day with our children, but will also help reveal how each of us is a teacher and a student at different times in our lives.\r\n\r\nIf you have an experience you’d like to share, email us at MindShiftStories@kqed.org. You can even record yourself on your smartphone and send the file to us. We’ll try to include these stories on an upcoming episode. You can also call us and leave a message at: 415-553-2200.","featImg":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2016/07/STS-Podcast.jpg","headData":{"title":"Stories Teachers Share Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":"Stories Teachers Share is a podcast about what it’s like to be a teacher and what we can learn from them. Teaching is a deeply personal profession. Teachers give so much of themselves to their students, nurturing relationships and trust with students along the way. It’s those intangibles that don’t always show up on standardized tests and rarely get discussed in the media. Few people ever know the truth about what it’s really like to teach or what impact great teaching can have on someone’s life. A lot of those experiences are locked away in classrooms or become sentiments never shared with the ones who might need to hear it the most. Stories Teachers Share will not only paint a picture of the men and women spending more than six hours a day with our children, but will also help reveal how each of us is a teacher and a student at different times in our lives. If you have an experience you’d like to share, email us at MindShiftStories@kqed.org. You can even record yourself on your smartphone and send the file to us. We’ll try to include these stories on an upcoming episode. You can also call us and leave a message at: 415-553-2200.","ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20232,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/category/stories-teachers-share"},"mindshift_21101":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_21101","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"21101","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"elementary","slug":"elementary","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"elementary Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20373,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/elementary"},"mindshift_21015":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_21015","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"21015","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"identity","slug":"identity","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"identity Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20287,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/identity"},"mindshift_797":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_797","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"797","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"inquiry learning","slug":"inquiry-learning","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"inquiry learning Archives - KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":800,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/inquiry-learning"},"mindshift_21222":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_21222","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"21222","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"mispronouncing names","slug":"mispronouncing-names","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"mispronouncing names Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20494,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/mispronouncing-names"},"mindshift_290":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_290","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"290","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"parents","slug":"parents","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"parents Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":291,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/parents"},"mindshift_21284":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_21284","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"21284","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"race","slug":"race","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"race Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20556,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/race"},"mindshift_21742":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_21742","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"21742","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"student discussion","slug":"student-discussion","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"student discussion Archives - KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":21014,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/student-discussion"},"mindshift_21110":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_21110","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"21110","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"grades","slug":"grades","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"grades Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20382,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/grades"},"mindshift_20737":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_20737","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"20737","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"parent-teacher conference","slug":"parent-teacher-conference","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"parent-teacher conference Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20014,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/parent-teacher-conference"},"mindshift_21213":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_21213","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"21213","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"relationships","slug":"relationships","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"relationships Archives - KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20485,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/relationships"},"mindshift_21610":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_21610","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"21610","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"community-up","slug":"community-up","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"community-up Archives - KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20882,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/community-up"},"mindshift_21609":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_21609","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"21609","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"cylindrical model","slug":"cylindrical-model","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"cylindrical model Archives - KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20881,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/cylindrical-model"},"mindshift_21611":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_21611","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"21611","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"hierarchy","slug":"hierarchy","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"hierarchy Archives - KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20883,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/hierarchy"},"mindshift_20775":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_20775","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"20775","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"school administrators","slug":"school-administrators","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"school administrators Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20052,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/school-administrators"},"mindshift_21601":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_21601","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"21601","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"teacher agency","slug":"teacher-agency","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"teacher agency Archives - KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20873,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/teacher-agency"},"mindshift_21445":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_21445","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"21445","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Adolescence","slug":"adolescence","taxonomy":"category","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Adolescence Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20717,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/category/adolescence"},"mindshift_21602":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_21602","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"21602","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"adult children","slug":"adult-children","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"adult children Archives - KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20874,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/adult-children"},"mindshift_21603":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_21603","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"21603","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"delayed adulthood","slug":"delayed-adulthood","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"delayed adulthood Archives - KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20875,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/delayed-adulthood"},"mindshift_21507":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_21507","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"21507","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"independence","slug":"independence","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"independence Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20779,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/independence"},"mindshift_20870":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_20870","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"20870","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"overparenting","slug":"overparenting","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"overparenting Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20148,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/overparenting"},"mindshift_20568":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_20568","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"20568","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"parenting","slug":"parenting","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"parenting Archives - KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":19845,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/parenting"},"mindshift_21038":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_21038","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"21038","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"resilience","slug":"resilience","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"resilience Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20310,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/resilience"},"mindshift_21306":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_21306","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"21306","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"financial aid","slug":"financial-aid","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"financial aid Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20578,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/financial-aid"},"mindshift_1024":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_1024","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"1024","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Financial Literacy Month","slug":"financial-literacy-month","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Financial Literacy Month Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":1029,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/financial-literacy-month"},"mindshift_392":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_392","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"392","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"math","slug":"math","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"math Archives - KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":393,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/math"},"mindshift_21067":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_21067","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"21067","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"media literacy","slug":"media-literacy","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"media literacy Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20339,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/media-literacy"},"mindshift_21595":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_21595","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"21595","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Next Gen Personal Finance","slug":"next-gen-personal-finance","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Next Gen Personal Finance Archives - KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20867,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/next-gen-personal-finance"},"mindshift_21596":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_21596","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"21596","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"personal finance","slug":"personal-finance","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"personal finance Archives - KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20868,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/personal-finance"},"mindshift_21594":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_21594","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"21594","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"San Marcos High School","slug":"san-marcos-high-school","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"San Marcos High School Archives - KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20866,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/san-marcos-high-school"},"mindshift_21474":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_21474","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"21474","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"behavior management","slug":"behavior-management","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"behavior management Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20746,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/behavior-management"},"mindshift_21588":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_21588","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"21588","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"gentle parenting","slug":"gentle-parenting","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"gentle parenting Archives - KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20860,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/gentle-parenting"},"mindshift_21706":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_21706","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"21706","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Parenting Translator","slug":"parenting-translator","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Parenting Translator Archives - KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20978,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/parenting-translator"},"mindshift_21703":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_21703","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"21703","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"positive parenting","slug":"positive-parenting","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"positive parenting Archives - KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20975,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/positive-parenting"},"mindshift_21587":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_21587","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"21587","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"timeout","slug":"timeout","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"timeout Archives - KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20859,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/timeout"},"mindshift_20565":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_20565","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"20565","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"children and media","slug":"children-and-media","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"children and media Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":19842,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/children-and-media"},"mindshift_21333":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_21333","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"21333","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"active shooter drills","slug":"active-shooter-drills","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"active shooter drills Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20605,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/active-shooter-drills"},"mindshift_21143":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_21143","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"21143","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"adverse childhood experiences","slug":"adverse-childhood-experiences","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"adverse childhood experiences Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20415,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/adverse-childhood-experiences"},"mindshift_21229":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_21229","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"21229","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"adverse community experiences","slug":"adverse-community-experiences","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"adverse community experiences Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20501,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/adverse-community-experiences"},"mindshift_20865":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_20865","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"20865","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"mental health","slug":"mental-health","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"mental health Archives - KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20143,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/mental-health"},"mindshift_21274":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_21274","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"21274","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"secondary traumatic stress","slug":"secondary-traumatic-stress","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"secondary traumatic stress Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20546,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/secondary-traumatic-stress"},"mindshift_20925":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_20925","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"20925","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"stress","slug":"stress","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"stress Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20197,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/stress"}},"userAgentReducer":{"userAgent":"Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)","isBot":true},"userPermissionsReducer":{"wpLoggedIn":false},"localStorageReducer":{},"browserHistoryReducer":[],"eventsReducer":{},"fssReducer":{},"tvDailyScheduleReducer":{},"tvWeeklyScheduleReducer":{},"tvPrimetimeScheduleReducer":{},"tvMonthlyScheduleReducer":{},"userAccountReducer":{"routeTo":"","showDeleteConfirmModal":false,"user":{"userId":"","isFound":false,"firstName":"","lastName":"","phoneNumber":"","email":"","articles":[]}},"youthMediaReducer":{},"checkPleaseReducer":{"filterData":{},"restaurantData":[]},"reframeReducer":{"attendee":null},"location":{"pathname":"/mindshift/tag/parent-communication","previousPathname":"/"}}