California's Prison SystemCalifornia's Prison System
How the state's prison system got so big so fast, and what's being done to reign it in.
MAP: Why Black Women Outnumber Black Men in the Bay Area and Beyond
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California's 33 State Prisons (and the people inside them) [Interactive Map]
California's Prison Realignment Explained
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Shouldering the Burden: California's New Jail Boom (interactive map)
How One Law Helped Pack California's Prisons
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Yet they accounted for almost 40 percent of people from the Bay Area in prison. The majority of this prison population is male.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Lowdown borrowed a methodology used by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2015/04/20/upshot/missing-black-men.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">New York Times\u003c/a> in its April 2015 analysis of “missing black men\" nationwide. Across the country, the gender imbalance in the black community is actually higher than it is in the Bay Area: the Times calculated 83 black men for every 100 black women (our analysis found 82 per 100) -- or approximately 1.5 million black men “missing” from daily life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the Bay Area, about 12,500 – or 12 percent — of primarily working-age black men (ages 25 to 54) are, in a sense, “missing” from daily life. In other words, these men, who under different circumstances would be a part of their local communities, are not present. The black gender imbalance is greatest in Alameda and Contra Costa counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/12/men-per-women.png\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-20313\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-20313 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/12/men-per-women-800x1368.png\" alt=\"men per women\" width=\"800\" height=\"1368\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/12/men-per-women-800x1368.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/12/men-per-women-400x684.png 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/12/men-per-women-1180x2018.png 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/12/men-per-women-960x1642.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/12/men-per-women.png 1372w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>The gender imbalance among blacks throughout California resembles that in the Bay Area, for what appear to be similar reasons. Statewide, there are 89 black men for every 100 black women, according to our analysis. That amounts to roughly 53,000 more black women than black men living in California households. The imbalance is greatest in Los Angeles County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While African-Americans make up about 6 percent of California’s total population, they make up nearly 30 percent of the state’s prison population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The maps below show Bay Area and regional Los Angeles communities with the greatest gender imbalances among black residents. The imbalance of men to women is shown in absolute numbers and divided by designated U.S. Census tracts (a statistical subdivision of a county used for population counts). Only tracts with more than 200 black adults and a deficit of more than 50 black men are shown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/12/share-of-prison-pop1.png\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-20319\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright wp-image-20319 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/12/share-of-prison-pop1.png\" alt=\"share of prison <a href=\" width=\"1626\" height=\"1370\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/12/share-of-prison-pop1.png 1626w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/12/share-of-prison-pop1-400x337.png 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/12/share-of-prison-pop1-800x674.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/12/share-of-prison-pop1-1440x1213.png 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/12/share-of-prison-pop1-1180x994.png 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/12/share-of-prison-pop1-960x809.png 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1626px) 100vw, 1626px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Our analysis assumes a roughly even male-to-female birthrate for every race and shows the number of “prime-age” adults between 25 and 54 years old living in households, as reported in the 2010 Census.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tracts shaded in red have the largest gender disparities. Note that the geographically large \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/CensusTract_356002.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bay Area census tract 356002\u003c/a> includes parts of Richmond, Martinez and Hercules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"width:100%\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://ckukreja16.cartodb.com/viz/085bc030-71ee-11e5-9a04-0e3ff518bd15/embed_map\" width=\"1000\" height=\"650\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv style=\"width:100%\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://ckukreja16.cartodb.com/viz/df1fb9d0-7358-11e5-b649-0e674067d321/embed_map\" width=\"1000\" height=\"650\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>“The economic impact of this is huge,” said Brian Goldstein, Director of Policy and Development at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cjcj.org/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice\u003c/a> (CJCJ), a San Francisco-based criminal justice advocacy group. Not only are large numbers of black men removed from the workforce, Goldstein said, those released from jail or prison often find their earning potential significantly diminished.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Goldstein also points out that there are many hidden costs associated with such a big gender imbalance, including family instability and the loss of civic engagement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The collateral consequences,\" he added, \"extend far beyond the individuals who are incarcerated.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Additional factors\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Higher mortality rates resulting from accidents, heart disease and, most notably, homicide also appear to affect the gender imbalance in black communities both in the Bay Area and statewide. Although the number of black homicide victims in California has fallen sharply over the last decade – from 758 in 2005 to 510 in 2014 – the rate remains disproportionately high: more than 30 percent of all homicide victims in the state are black. And almost 90 percent of these victims are men.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Demographers also point to a historical under-counting of black men in the national census, as well as high rates of black male military deployment and those living in other “non-institutional facilities” such as mental hospitals or homeless shelters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These factors, however, pale in comparison to the impact of mass incarceration on the overall gender imbalance in the black community, both locally and statewide.\u003c/p>\n\n\n\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1565633195,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":true,"iframeSrcs":["https://ckukreja16.cartodb.com/viz/085bc030-71ee-11e5-9a04-0e3ff518bd15/embed_map","https://ckukreja16.cartodb.com/viz/df1fb9d0-7358-11e5-b649-0e674067d321/embed_map"],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":19,"wordCount":701},"headData":{"title":"MAP: Why Black Women Outnumber Black Men in the Bay Area and Beyond | KQED","description":"For every 100 black women living in the Bay Area, there are only 88 black men, according to a KQED Lowdown analysis.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"MAP: Why Black Women Outnumber Black Men in the Bay Area and Beyond","datePublished":"2016-07-06T12:00:55.000Z","dateModified":"2019-08-12T18:06:35.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"20819 http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/?p=20819","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2016/07/06/why-black-women-significantly-outnumber-black-men-in-the-bay-area/","disqusTitle":"MAP: Why Black Women Outnumber Black Men in the Bay Area and Beyond","path":"/lowdown/20819/why-black-women-significantly-outnumber-black-men-in-the-bay-area","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>For every 100 black women living in the Bay Area, there are only 88 black men, according to a KQED Lowdown analysis.\u003cbr>\n\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This gender imbalance is notably greater than in any other racial group, and reflects the disproportionately high rate of incarceration among black males.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/12/statewide.png\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-20320\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-20320\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/12/statewide.png\" alt=\"hadkjfhkjashkj\" width=\"794\" height=\"929\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/12/statewide.png 794w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/12/statewide-400x468.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 794px) 100vw, 794px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>African-Americans made up about 7 percent of the San Francisco Bay Area's total population, according to the 2010 U.S. Census. Yet they accounted for almost 40 percent of people from the Bay Area in prison. The majority of this prison population is male.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Lowdown borrowed a methodology used by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2015/04/20/upshot/missing-black-men.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">New York Times\u003c/a> in its April 2015 analysis of “missing black men\" nationwide. Across the country, the gender imbalance in the black community is actually higher than it is in the Bay Area: the Times calculated 83 black men for every 100 black women (our analysis found 82 per 100) -- or approximately 1.5 million black men “missing” from daily life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the Bay Area, about 12,500 – or 12 percent — of primarily working-age black men (ages 25 to 54) are, in a sense, “missing” from daily life. In other words, these men, who under different circumstances would be a part of their local communities, are not present. The black gender imbalance is greatest in Alameda and Contra Costa counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/12/men-per-women.png\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-20313\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-20313 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/12/men-per-women-800x1368.png\" alt=\"men per women\" width=\"800\" height=\"1368\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/12/men-per-women-800x1368.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/12/men-per-women-400x684.png 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/12/men-per-women-1180x2018.png 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/12/men-per-women-960x1642.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/12/men-per-women.png 1372w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>The gender imbalance among blacks throughout California resembles that in the Bay Area, for what appear to be similar reasons. Statewide, there are 89 black men for every 100 black women, according to our analysis. That amounts to roughly 53,000 more black women than black men living in California households. The imbalance is greatest in Los Angeles County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While African-Americans make up about 6 percent of California’s total population, they make up nearly 30 percent of the state’s prison population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The maps below show Bay Area and regional Los Angeles communities with the greatest gender imbalances among black residents. The imbalance of men to women is shown in absolute numbers and divided by designated U.S. Census tracts (a statistical subdivision of a county used for population counts). Only tracts with more than 200 black adults and a deficit of more than 50 black men are shown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/12/share-of-prison-pop1.png\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-20319\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright wp-image-20319 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/12/share-of-prison-pop1.png\" alt=\"share of prison <a href=\" width=\"1626\" height=\"1370\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/12/share-of-prison-pop1.png 1626w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/12/share-of-prison-pop1-400x337.png 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/12/share-of-prison-pop1-800x674.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/12/share-of-prison-pop1-1440x1213.png 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/12/share-of-prison-pop1-1180x994.png 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/12/share-of-prison-pop1-960x809.png 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1626px) 100vw, 1626px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Our analysis assumes a roughly even male-to-female birthrate for every race and shows the number of “prime-age” adults between 25 and 54 years old living in households, as reported in the 2010 Census.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tracts shaded in red have the largest gender disparities. Note that the geographically large \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/CensusTract_356002.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bay Area census tract 356002\u003c/a> includes parts of Richmond, Martinez and Hercules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"width:100%\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://ckukreja16.cartodb.com/viz/085bc030-71ee-11e5-9a04-0e3ff518bd15/embed_map\" width=\"1000\" height=\"650\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv style=\"width:100%\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://ckukreja16.cartodb.com/viz/df1fb9d0-7358-11e5-b649-0e674067d321/embed_map\" width=\"1000\" height=\"650\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>“The economic impact of this is huge,” said Brian Goldstein, Director of Policy and Development at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cjcj.org/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice\u003c/a> (CJCJ), a San Francisco-based criminal justice advocacy group. Not only are large numbers of black men removed from the workforce, Goldstein said, those released from jail or prison often find their earning potential significantly diminished.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Goldstein also points out that there are many hidden costs associated with such a big gender imbalance, including family instability and the loss of civic engagement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The collateral consequences,\" he added, \"extend far beyond the individuals who are incarcerated.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Additional factors\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Higher mortality rates resulting from accidents, heart disease and, most notably, homicide also appear to affect the gender imbalance in black communities both in the Bay Area and statewide. Although the number of black homicide victims in California has fallen sharply over the last decade – from 758 in 2005 to 510 in 2014 – the rate remains disproportionately high: more than 30 percent of all homicide victims in the state are black. And almost 90 percent of these victims are men.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Demographers also point to a historical under-counting of black men in the national census, as well as high rates of black male military deployment and those living in other “non-institutional facilities” such as mental hospitals or homeless shelters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These factors, however, pale in comparison to the impact of mass incarceration on the overall gender imbalance in the black community, both locally and statewide.\u003c/p>\n\n\n\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/lowdown/20819/why-black-women-significantly-outnumber-black-men-in-the-bay-area","authors":["8658","1263"],"categories":["lowdown_391","lowdown_256","lowdown_242"],"tags":["lowdown_2546","lowdown_31","lowdown_2337"],"featImg":"lowdown_22700","label":"lowdown"},"lowdown_19102":{"type":"posts","id":"lowdown_19102","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"lowdown","id":"19102","score":null,"sort":[1437599966000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"amazing-grace-how-presidential-clemency-works-and-why-obamas-letting-46-drug-offenders-out-of-prison-4","title":"Presidential Clemency Explained: Why Obama Just Gave 46 Drug Offenders A Ticket Out of Prison","publishDate":1437599966,"format":"video","headTitle":"The Lowdown | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"lowdown"},"content":"\u003cp>Last week, President Obama (July 13) commuted the sentences of 46 inmates in federal prison, all of whom were serving time for non-violent drug offenses related to cocaine trafficking.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These men and women were not hardened criminals,” Obama said in his announcement. “But the overwhelming majority had been sentenced to at least 20 years. Fourteen of them had been sentenced to life for non-violent drug offenses.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All 46 inmates, many of whom still had years left on their sentences, will be released in November.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2015/07/13/president-obama-grants-commutations\">commuting these sentences\u003c/a> President Obama was using a unique executive authority granted in \u003ca href=\"https://www.law.cornell.edu/constitution/articleii\">Article II of the US Constitution\u003c/a>, which states that the president \"shall have power to grant reprieves and pardons for offenses against the United States, except in cases of impeachment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like supporters today, the Founders argued it necessary for the president to provide relief in cases where the law had been excessively harsh.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Modern day presidents have primarily used this power, known as executive clemency, for pardons and commutations. Pardons restore a convicted offenders legal rights, like the ability to vote, serve on a jury or own a gun. Commutations, like the 46 made last week, reduce the severity of a punishment (but unlike pardons, don’t sweep criminal records under the rug). Presidents can only grant clemency to those convicted of federal offenses (governors typically hold that power for state-level crimes).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Obama has actually been pretty slow to exercise his clemency authority: he didn't issue any during his first three years in office. The recent commutations, though, mark the most granted in a single day since the administration of President Lyndon B. Johnson. Obama has now commuted 89 sentences to date. Most have been for non-violent drug offenses, including 22 commutations in March.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's more commutations than those granted by presidents Ronald Reagan, George H.W. Bush, Bill Clinton and George W. Bush combined. It should be noted, though, how rare these commutations actually are: the 89 granted were out of the more than \u003ca href=\"http://www.justice.gov/pardon/clemency-statistics\">17 thousand Obama has received\u003c/a>, making for a commutation grant rate of about .5%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Obama's pardon record, though, tells a different story. He's only granted 64, one of the lowest rates in presidential history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are only eight other presidents who have pardoned fewer people,” according to P.S Ruckman Jr, who teaches political science at Rock Valley College in Illinois. “[And] three of them died in office before they could complete a term.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[\u003ca href=\"http://www.justice.gov/pardon\" target=\"_blank\">Click here\u003c/a> for a complete list of all clemency requests granted and denied during Obama's presidency.]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even with the spike in the prison population, the use of executive clemency, common among many 19\u003csup>th\u003c/sup> Century presidents, has declined dramatically, and most recent presidents have tended to exercise their clemency powers towards the end of their terms. President Bill Clinton, for instance, who had previously made little use of this power, waited until his very last day in office to grant 140 pardons and several commutations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe class=\"highcharts-iframe\" style=\"border: 0; width: 100%; height: 450px;\" src=\"//cloud.highcharts.com/embed/urixas\" width=\"300\" height=\"150\">\u003c/iframe>\u003cbr>\nSource: \u003ca href=\"http://www.justice.gov/pardon/clemency-statistics\" target=\"_blank\">DOJ\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its ramping up of clemency relief, the Obama administration is specifically taking aim at the U.S. criminal system and its recent history of harsh sentencing for non-violent offenses. Last year, the Justice Department announced it would prioritize applications from inmates convicted of non-violent, low-level drug offenses who had already spent more than ten years in prison. The department helped launch the \u003ca href=\"https://www.clemencyproject2014.org/\">Clemency Project\u003c/a>, enlisting more than a thousand volunteer defense attorneys to review clemency applications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. prison population exploded over the last three decades: in 1980, state and federal prisons held about 300,000 inmates. The current population exceeds \u003ca href=\"http://www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/p13.pdf\">1.5 million\u003c/a>, making it the largest prison system in the world. The federal prison population alone grew from about 24,000 in 1980 to nearly 208,000 today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Much of this growth was the result of the prolonged War on Drugs, which lawmakers waged heavily throughout 1980s and 1990s as a tough-on- crime tactic. Sentences for non-violent drug offenses were often dramatically extended through new state and federal mandatory minimum sentencing laws (wherein people convicted of specific crimes are sentenced to a fixed minimum number of years in prison).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Mouseover points below to see offenses and original sentences of the 46 inmates granted clemency and where they're from. (Note: \"cocaine base\" refers to crack cocaine.). All theses inmates will be released in November. Map produced by Jessica Tarlton.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"100%\" height=\"520\" frameborder=\"0\" src=\"https://mgreen.cartodb.com/viz/ab3d9a5a-2fd4-11e5-bfcb-0e8dde98a187/embed_map\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All 46 inmates granted clemency last week had received strikingly harsh sentences for non-violent drug convictions. Many of these drug laws, enacted during the 1980s crack epidemic, made penalties for crack cocaine about a hundred times more severe than for cocaine in its powder form. Disproportionately target African-Americans, these laws swept thousands of non-violent drug offenders into prison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To address this disparity, Congress in 2010 passed the \u003ca href=\"http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/BILLS-111s1789enr/pdf/BILLS-111s1789enr.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Fair Sentencing Act\u003c/a>, which significantly eased the penalties for minor crack possession. However, while some aspects of the new law were made retroactive, thousands of offenders sentenced under earlier guidelines are still behind bars, many years left on their original sentences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Using clemency to “patch up policy problems” is nothing new, says Douglas Berman, a law professor at The Ohio State University. When America went dry during Prohibition, President Woodrow Wilson pardoned hundreds of people convicted of alcohol related crimes, and his successor pardoned all those who remained in prison after the repeal of the 18\u003csup>th\u003c/sup> Amendment. Presidents John F Kennedy and Lyndon Johnson, pardoned hundreds of first-time drug offenders sentenced to mandatory minimums under the Narcotics and Control Act of 1956. And President Jimmy Carter famously used the authority to issue a pardon for Vietnam draft-dodgers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After signing the 46 commutations, Obama reiterated the need for criminal justice reform, noting the rare bipartisan political opportunity at hand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Their punishments didn’t fit the crimes,” Obama said in a recent \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/WhiteHouse\">Facebook video\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re at a moment when some good people in both parties, Republicans and Democrats, and folks all across the country are coming together around ideas to make the system work smarter. To make it work better and I’m determined to do my part, wherever I can.”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1440018892,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":true,"iframeSrcs":["//cloud.highcharts.com/embed/urixas","https://mgreen.cartodb.com/viz/ab3d9a5a-2fd4-11e5-bfcb-0e8dde98a187/embed_map"],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":26,"wordCount":1058},"headData":{"title":"Presidential Clemency Explained: Why Obama Just Gave 46 Drug Offenders A Ticket Out of Prison | KQED","description":"Last week, President Obama (July 13) commuted the sentences of 46 inmates in federal prison, all of whom were serving time for non-violent drug offenses related to cocaine trafficking.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Presidential Clemency Explained: Why Obama Just Gave 46 Drug Offenders A Ticket Out of Prison","datePublished":"2015-07-22T21:19:26.000Z","dateModified":"2015-08-19T21:14:52.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"19102 http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/?p=19102","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2015/07/22/amazing-grace-how-presidential-clemency-works-and-why-obamas-letting-46-drug-offenders-out-of-prison-4/","disqusTitle":"Presidential Clemency Explained: Why Obama Just Gave 46 Drug Offenders A Ticket Out of Prison","videoEmbed":"https://youtu.be/AhdUv6p-CNU","path":"/lowdown/19102/amazing-grace-how-presidential-clemency-works-and-why-obamas-letting-46-drug-offenders-out-of-prison-4","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Last week, President Obama (July 13) commuted the sentences of 46 inmates in federal prison, all of whom were serving time for non-violent drug offenses related to cocaine trafficking.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These men and women were not hardened criminals,” Obama said in his announcement. “But the overwhelming majority had been sentenced to at least 20 years. Fourteen of them had been sentenced to life for non-violent drug offenses.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All 46 inmates, many of whom still had years left on their sentences, will be released in November.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2015/07/13/president-obama-grants-commutations\">commuting these sentences\u003c/a> President Obama was using a unique executive authority granted in \u003ca href=\"https://www.law.cornell.edu/constitution/articleii\">Article II of the US Constitution\u003c/a>, which states that the president \"shall have power to grant reprieves and pardons for offenses against the United States, except in cases of impeachment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like supporters today, the Founders argued it necessary for the president to provide relief in cases where the law had been excessively harsh.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Modern day presidents have primarily used this power, known as executive clemency, for pardons and commutations. Pardons restore a convicted offenders legal rights, like the ability to vote, serve on a jury or own a gun. Commutations, like the 46 made last week, reduce the severity of a punishment (but unlike pardons, don’t sweep criminal records under the rug). Presidents can only grant clemency to those convicted of federal offenses (governors typically hold that power for state-level crimes).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Obama has actually been pretty slow to exercise his clemency authority: he didn't issue any during his first three years in office. The recent commutations, though, mark the most granted in a single day since the administration of President Lyndon B. Johnson. Obama has now commuted 89 sentences to date. Most have been for non-violent drug offenses, including 22 commutations in March.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's more commutations than those granted by presidents Ronald Reagan, George H.W. Bush, Bill Clinton and George W. Bush combined. It should be noted, though, how rare these commutations actually are: the 89 granted were out of the more than \u003ca href=\"http://www.justice.gov/pardon/clemency-statistics\">17 thousand Obama has received\u003c/a>, making for a commutation grant rate of about .5%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Obama's pardon record, though, tells a different story. He's only granted 64, one of the lowest rates in presidential history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are only eight other presidents who have pardoned fewer people,” according to P.S Ruckman Jr, who teaches political science at Rock Valley College in Illinois. “[And] three of them died in office before they could complete a term.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[\u003ca href=\"http://www.justice.gov/pardon\" target=\"_blank\">Click here\u003c/a> for a complete list of all clemency requests granted and denied during Obama's presidency.]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even with the spike in the prison population, the use of executive clemency, common among many 19\u003csup>th\u003c/sup> Century presidents, has declined dramatically, and most recent presidents have tended to exercise their clemency powers towards the end of their terms. President Bill Clinton, for instance, who had previously made little use of this power, waited until his very last day in office to grant 140 pardons and several commutations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe class=\"highcharts-iframe\" style=\"border: 0; width: 100%; height: 450px;\" src=\"//cloud.highcharts.com/embed/urixas\" width=\"300\" height=\"150\">\u003c/iframe>\u003cbr>\nSource: \u003ca href=\"http://www.justice.gov/pardon/clemency-statistics\" target=\"_blank\">DOJ\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its ramping up of clemency relief, the Obama administration is specifically taking aim at the U.S. criminal system and its recent history of harsh sentencing for non-violent offenses. Last year, the Justice Department announced it would prioritize applications from inmates convicted of non-violent, low-level drug offenses who had already spent more than ten years in prison. The department helped launch the \u003ca href=\"https://www.clemencyproject2014.org/\">Clemency Project\u003c/a>, enlisting more than a thousand volunteer defense attorneys to review clemency applications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. prison population exploded over the last three decades: in 1980, state and federal prisons held about 300,000 inmates. The current population exceeds \u003ca href=\"http://www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/p13.pdf\">1.5 million\u003c/a>, making it the largest prison system in the world. The federal prison population alone grew from about 24,000 in 1980 to nearly 208,000 today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Much of this growth was the result of the prolonged War on Drugs, which lawmakers waged heavily throughout 1980s and 1990s as a tough-on- crime tactic. Sentences for non-violent drug offenses were often dramatically extended through new state and federal mandatory minimum sentencing laws (wherein people convicted of specific crimes are sentenced to a fixed minimum number of years in prison).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Mouseover points below to see offenses and original sentences of the 46 inmates granted clemency and where they're from. (Note: \"cocaine base\" refers to crack cocaine.). All theses inmates will be released in November. Map produced by Jessica Tarlton.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"100%\" height=\"520\" frameborder=\"0\" src=\"https://mgreen.cartodb.com/viz/ab3d9a5a-2fd4-11e5-bfcb-0e8dde98a187/embed_map\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All 46 inmates granted clemency last week had received strikingly harsh sentences for non-violent drug convictions. Many of these drug laws, enacted during the 1980s crack epidemic, made penalties for crack cocaine about a hundred times more severe than for cocaine in its powder form. Disproportionately target African-Americans, these laws swept thousands of non-violent drug offenders into prison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To address this disparity, Congress in 2010 passed the \u003ca href=\"http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/BILLS-111s1789enr/pdf/BILLS-111s1789enr.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Fair Sentencing Act\u003c/a>, which significantly eased the penalties for minor crack possession. However, while some aspects of the new law were made retroactive, thousands of offenders sentenced under earlier guidelines are still behind bars, many years left on their original sentences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Using clemency to “patch up policy problems” is nothing new, says Douglas Berman, a law professor at The Ohio State University. When America went dry during Prohibition, President Woodrow Wilson pardoned hundreds of people convicted of alcohol related crimes, and his successor pardoned all those who remained in prison after the repeal of the 18\u003csup>th\u003c/sup> Amendment. Presidents John F Kennedy and Lyndon Johnson, pardoned hundreds of first-time drug offenders sentenced to mandatory minimums under the Narcotics and Control Act of 1956. And President Jimmy Carter famously used the authority to issue a pardon for Vietnam draft-dodgers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After signing the 46 commutations, Obama reiterated the need for criminal justice reform, noting the rare bipartisan political opportunity at hand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Their punishments didn’t fit the crimes,” Obama said in a recent \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/WhiteHouse\">Facebook video\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re at a moment when some good people in both parties, Republicans and Democrats, and folks all across the country are coming together around ideas to make the system work smarter. To make it work better and I’m determined to do my part, wherever I can.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/lowdown/19102/amazing-grace-how-presidential-clemency-works-and-why-obamas-letting-46-drug-offenders-out-of-prison-4","authors":["8669"],"categories":["lowdown_552","lowdown_1","lowdown_2372"],"tags":["lowdown_31","lowdown_2445","lowdown_2448","lowdown_2337"],"featImg":"lowdown_18044","label":"lowdown"},"lowdown_12809":{"type":"posts","id":"lowdown_12809","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"lowdown","id":"12809","score":null,"sort":[1399554022000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"why-a-judge-is-restoring-voting-rights-to-thousands-of-california-ex-cons","title":"Why Thousands of California Felons May Soon Get Their Voting Rights Restored","publishDate":1399554022,"format":"standard","headTitle":"The Lowdown | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"lowdown"},"content":"\u003cp>You \u003cem>can't\u003c/em> vote in California if you're serving time in state prison or released on parole.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But you \u003cem>can\u003c/em> vote if you're doing time in county jail for a misdemeanor or released on probation.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>[\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2014/02/26/felon-voting\" target=\"_blank\">RELATED: Interactive map of felon voting laws by state\u003c/a>]\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Simple enough, right?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not really.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the U.S. Supreme Court in 2011 ordered California to dramatically reduce its super-sized prison population, the state began a so-called \"realignment\" program. Since then, thousands of low-level felons released from prison have been placed in county probation departments instead of state parole.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>[\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2012/08/17/califrornias-prison-realignment-explained/\" target=\"_blank\">RELATED: Realignment explained\u003c/a>]\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>The question now is, do these folks have the right to vote?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Absolutely not, California Secretary of State Debra Bowen told county election officials back in December 2011. Felons under community supervision, she instructed, are serving the \"functional equivalent of parole,\" and should be barred from voting until the end of their terms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But on Wednesday, an Alameda County judge reversed Bowen's order, ruling that community supervision is distinct from parole, and as such, felons under community supervision should have their voting rights restored.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his decision, Alameda County Superior Court Judge Evelio Grillo said that \"a Legislative goal was to reintroduce felons into the community, which is consistent with restoring their right to vote.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuit against Bowen's office was brought by the American Civil Liberties Union of Northern California, the League of Women Voters of California and other groups on behalf of three former state inmates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"color: #000000\">Bowen can still appeal the decision, which would likely trigger a stay, keeping things as they are. Even if she doesn't, it's still unlikely that this group of felons will have their rights restored before the June primary. But they could conceivably vote in November.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1432334470,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":12,"wordCount":306},"headData":{"title":"Why Thousands of California Felons May Soon Get Their Voting Rights Restored | KQED","description":"You can't vote in California if you're serving time in state prison or released on parole. But you can vote if you're doing time in county jail for a misdemeanor or released on probation. Simple enough, right? Not really.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Why Thousands of California Felons May Soon Get Their Voting Rights Restored","datePublished":"2014-05-08T13:00:22.000Z","dateModified":"2015-05-22T22:41:10.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"12809 http://blogs.kqed.org/lowdown/?p=12809","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2014/05/08/why-a-judge-is-restoring-voting-rights-to-thousands-of-california-ex-cons/","disqusTitle":"Why Thousands of California Felons May Soon Get Their Voting Rights Restored","customPermalink":"2014/05/08/felon-voting-rights-restored/","path":"/lowdown/12809/why-a-judge-is-restoring-voting-rights-to-thousands-of-california-ex-cons","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>You \u003cem>can't\u003c/em> vote in California if you're serving time in state prison or released on parole.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But you \u003cem>can\u003c/em> vote if you're doing time in county jail for a misdemeanor or released on probation.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>[\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2014/02/26/felon-voting\" target=\"_blank\">RELATED: Interactive map of felon voting laws by state\u003c/a>]\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Simple enough, right?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not really.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the U.S. Supreme Court in 2011 ordered California to dramatically reduce its super-sized prison population, the state began a so-called \"realignment\" program. Since then, thousands of low-level felons released from prison have been placed in county probation departments instead of state parole.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>[\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2012/08/17/califrornias-prison-realignment-explained/\" target=\"_blank\">RELATED: Realignment explained\u003c/a>]\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>The question now is, do these folks have the right to vote?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Absolutely not, California Secretary of State Debra Bowen told county election officials back in December 2011. Felons under community supervision, she instructed, are serving the \"functional equivalent of parole,\" and should be barred from voting until the end of their terms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But on Wednesday, an Alameda County judge reversed Bowen's order, ruling that community supervision is distinct from parole, and as such, felons under community supervision should have their voting rights restored.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his decision, Alameda County Superior Court Judge Evelio Grillo said that \"a Legislative goal was to reintroduce felons into the community, which is consistent with restoring their right to vote.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuit against Bowen's office was brought by the American Civil Liberties Union of Northern California, the League of Women Voters of California and other groups on behalf of three former state inmates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"color: #000000\">Bowen can still appeal the decision, which would likely trigger a stay, keeping things as they are. Even if she doesn't, it's still unlikely that this group of felons will have their rights restored before the June primary. But they could conceivably vote in November.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/lowdown/12809/why-a-judge-is-restoring-voting-rights-to-thousands-of-california-ex-cons","authors":["1263"],"categories":["lowdown_1","lowdown_2374"],"tags":["lowdown_31","lowdown_218"],"featImg":"lowdown_18049","label":"lowdown"},"lowdown_3511":{"type":"posts","id":"lowdown_3511","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"lowdown","id":"3511","score":null,"sort":[1346455826000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"who-do-we-lock-up-in-california-four-key-characteristics-of-our-prison-population","title":"Who Do We Lock Up? Four Key Characteristics of California's Prison Population","publishDate":1346455826,"format":"standard","headTitle":"The Lowdown | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"lowdown"},"content":"\u003cp>Who's actually behind bars in California? Four key characteristics of California's prison population:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>Geography\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>The majority of inmates come from the southern part of the state. A whopping 50,000 – or 34 percent of all prisoners – come from Los Angeles County alone. But the highest incarceration rates are concentrated in poorer counties in the Central Valley and the Inland Empire. Leading the charge is Kings County in the San Joaquin Valley, where nearly 1 percent of the entire population is in state prison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Click on the map below for info on the number of prisoners who come from each county in California, what percent of the prison population each county contributes, and what percent of each county's total population is in prison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://geocommons.com/maps/193229/embed\" width=\"80%\" height=\"550\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Source: \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdcr.ca.gov/Reports_Research/Offender_Information_Services_Branch/Annual/Census/CENSUSd1112.pdf\">CDCR 2011 data\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Race\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>The majority of prisoners are non-white. The largest group is Hispanic. But African Americans – who make up less than 7 percent of the general population and almost 30 percent of the prison population - are dramatically more likely to be imprisoned than any other group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2012/08/prison-stats.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" size-full wp-image-10371 aligncenter\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2012/08/prison-stats.jpg\" alt=\"prison stats\" width=\"552\" height=\"359\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2012/08/prison-stats.jpg 552w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2012/08/prison-stats-400x260.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2012/08/prison-stats-320x208.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 552px) 100vw, 552px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Source:\u003ca href=\"http://www.ppic.org/main/publication_show.asp?i=702\" target=\"_blank\"> Public Policy Institute of California\u003c/a> (using 2010 CDCR and 2010 Census data)\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>Age\u003c/strong>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>The prison population is aging. Currently nearly 20 percent of inmates are age 50 and up, about quadruple the rate from 20 years ago. Meanwhile, the percent of prisoners under age 25 has steadily dropped.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg style=\"border: 0px none\" src=\"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheet/oimg?key=0Ark5K5szJsMSdEdldlFLeUxQaE9wNHpHZWFXT3I3V2c&oid=6&zx=yg6msfmjk1yv\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"371\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Source: \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdcr.ca.gov/News/docs/2011_Annual_Report_FINAL.pdf\">CDCR 2010 data\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>Gender\u003c/strong>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s prison population is overwhelmingly male. Men make up nearly 95 percent of all inmates. 30 of the system’s 33 facilities are for men.\u003cbr>\n\u003cimg style=\"border: 0px none\" src=\"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheet/oimg?key=0Ark5K5szJsMSdEdldlFLeUxQaE9wNHpHZWFXT3I3V2c&oid=4&zx=7esrf1yj6wro\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"371\">\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Source: \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdcr.ca.gov/News/docs/2011_Annual_Report_FINAL.pdf\">CDCR 2010 data\u003c/a> \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1432335434,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":true,"iframeSrcs":["http://geocommons.com/maps/193229/embed"],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":15,"wordCount":267},"headData":{"title":"Who Do We Lock Up? Four Key Characteristics of California's Prison Population | KQED","description":"Who's actually behind bars in California? Four key characteristics of California's prison population:","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Who Do We Lock Up? Four Key Characteristics of California's Prison Population","datePublished":"2012-08-31T23:30:26.000Z","dateModified":"2015-05-22T22:57:14.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"3511 http://blogs.kqed.org/lowdown/?p=3511","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2012/08/31/who-do-we-lock-up-in-california-four-key-characteristics-of-our-prison-population/","disqusTitle":"Who Do We Lock Up? Four Key Characteristics of California's Prison Population","path":"/lowdown/3511/who-do-we-lock-up-in-california-four-key-characteristics-of-our-prison-population","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Who's actually behind bars in California? Four key characteristics of California's prison population:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>Geography\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>The majority of inmates come from the southern part of the state. A whopping 50,000 – or 34 percent of all prisoners – come from Los Angeles County alone. But the highest incarceration rates are concentrated in poorer counties in the Central Valley and the Inland Empire. Leading the charge is Kings County in the San Joaquin Valley, where nearly 1 percent of the entire population is in state prison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Click on the map below for info on the number of prisoners who come from each county in California, what percent of the prison population each county contributes, and what percent of each county's total population is in prison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://geocommons.com/maps/193229/embed\" width=\"80%\" height=\"550\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Source: \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdcr.ca.gov/Reports_Research/Offender_Information_Services_Branch/Annual/Census/CENSUSd1112.pdf\">CDCR 2011 data\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Race\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>The majority of prisoners are non-white. The largest group is Hispanic. But African Americans – who make up less than 7 percent of the general population and almost 30 percent of the prison population - are dramatically more likely to be imprisoned than any other group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2012/08/prison-stats.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" size-full wp-image-10371 aligncenter\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2012/08/prison-stats.jpg\" alt=\"prison stats\" width=\"552\" height=\"359\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2012/08/prison-stats.jpg 552w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2012/08/prison-stats-400x260.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2012/08/prison-stats-320x208.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 552px) 100vw, 552px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Source:\u003ca href=\"http://www.ppic.org/main/publication_show.asp?i=702\" target=\"_blank\"> Public Policy Institute of California\u003c/a> (using 2010 CDCR and 2010 Census data)\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>Age\u003c/strong>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>The prison population is aging. Currently nearly 20 percent of inmates are age 50 and up, about quadruple the rate from 20 years ago. Meanwhile, the percent of prisoners under age 25 has steadily dropped.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg style=\"border: 0px none\" src=\"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheet/oimg?key=0Ark5K5szJsMSdEdldlFLeUxQaE9wNHpHZWFXT3I3V2c&oid=6&zx=yg6msfmjk1yv\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"371\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Source: \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdcr.ca.gov/News/docs/2011_Annual_Report_FINAL.pdf\">CDCR 2010 data\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>Gender\u003c/strong>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s prison population is overwhelmingly male. Men make up nearly 95 percent of all inmates. 30 of the system’s 33 facilities are for men.\u003cbr>\n\u003cimg style=\"border: 0px none\" src=\"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheet/oimg?key=0Ark5K5szJsMSdEdldlFLeUxQaE9wNHpHZWFXT3I3V2c&oid=4&zx=7esrf1yj6wro\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"371\">\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Source: \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdcr.ca.gov/News/docs/2011_Annual_Report_FINAL.pdf\">CDCR 2010 data\u003c/a> \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/lowdown/3511/who-do-we-lock-up-in-california-four-key-characteristics-of-our-prison-population","authors":["1263"],"categories":["lowdown_256","lowdown_242","lowdown_2374"],"tags":["lowdown_31","lowdown_281","lowdown_164","lowdown_33","lowdown_96"],"featImg":"lowdown_18044","label":"lowdown"},"lowdown_3430":{"type":"posts","id":"lowdown_3430","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"lowdown","id":"3430","score":null,"sort":[1345682658000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"interactive-map-of-californias-33-state-prisons","title":"California's 33 State Prisons (and the people inside them) [Interactive Map]","publishDate":1345682658,"format":"aside","headTitle":"The Lowdown | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"lowdown"},"content":"\u003cp>As of August 15, 2012, California's 33 prisons (30 for men, 3 for women) held about 120,000 inmates. That's a lot of people behind bars, for sure, but it's also a pretty significant drop from the year before, when there were roughly 27,000 more prisoners in the system. Today, most of the state's prisons still remain overcrowded - about 150 percent above intended capacity - but progress has undoubtedly been made in thinning out the ranks. California no longer has the largest prison system in the country (things really are bigger in Texas). And it can almost entirely be attributed to the state's public safety realignment program, which was put into effect last October with the goal of reducing the inmate population by about 33,000 within two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mouse over the map below for information about each prison in California's system, the current number of inmates, the change in population since realignment began, and each facility's intended design capacity. Note that marker size is relative to the current inmate population in each prison. (It may be necessary to adjust the map zoom in to see specific details.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Data source: \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdcr.ca.gov/Reports_Research/Offender_Information_Services_Branch/WeeklyWed/TPOP1A/TPOP1Ad120815.pdf\">California Department of Corrections\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://geocommons.com/maps/191940/embed\" width=\"100%\" height=\"600\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1432332998,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":true,"iframeSrcs":["http://geocommons.com/maps/191940/embed"],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":6,"wordCount":203},"headData":{"title":"California's 33 State Prisons (and the people inside them) [Interactive Map] | KQED","description":"As of August 15, 2012, California's 33 prisons (30 for men, 3 for women) held about 120,000 inmates. That's a lot of people behind bars, for sure, but it's also a pretty significant drop from the year before, when there were roughly 27,000 more prisoners in the system. Today, most of the state's prisons still","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"California's 33 State Prisons (and the people inside them) [Interactive Map]","datePublished":"2012-08-23T00:44:18.000Z","dateModified":"2015-05-22T22:16:38.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"3430 http://blogs.kqed.org/lowdown/?p=3430","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2012/08/22/interactive-map-of-californias-33-state-prisons/","disqusTitle":"California's 33 State Prisons (and the people inside them) [Interactive Map]","path":"/lowdown/3430/interactive-map-of-californias-33-state-prisons","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>As of August 15, 2012, California's 33 prisons (30 for men, 3 for women) held about 120,000 inmates. That's a lot of people behind bars, for sure, but it's also a pretty significant drop from the year before, when there were roughly 27,000 more prisoners in the system. Today, most of the state's prisons still remain overcrowded - about 150 percent above intended capacity - but progress has undoubtedly been made in thinning out the ranks. California no longer has the largest prison system in the country (things really are bigger in Texas). And it can almost entirely be attributed to the state's public safety realignment program, which was put into effect last October with the goal of reducing the inmate population by about 33,000 within two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mouse over the map below for information about each prison in California's system, the current number of inmates, the change in population since realignment began, and each facility's intended design capacity. Note that marker size is relative to the current inmate population in each prison. (It may be necessary to adjust the map zoom in to see specific details.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Data source: \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdcr.ca.gov/Reports_Research/Offender_Information_Services_Branch/WeeklyWed/TPOP1A/TPOP1Ad120815.pdf\">California Department of Corrections\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://geocommons.com/maps/191940/embed\" width=\"100%\" height=\"600\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/lowdown/3430/interactive-map-of-californias-33-state-prisons","authors":["1263"],"categories":["lowdown_242","lowdown_2374"],"tags":["lowdown_31","lowdown_292","lowdown_32","lowdown_259","lowdown_33"],"featImg":"lowdown_17494","label":"lowdown"},"lowdown_80":{"type":"posts","id":"lowdown_80","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"lowdown","id":"80","score":null,"sort":[1345228217000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"califrornias-prison-realignment-explained","title":"California's Prison Realignment Explained","publishDate":1345228217,"format":"standard","headTitle":"The Lowdown | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"lowdown"},"content":"\u003cp>Last October California began a dramatic overhaul of its severely overcrowded prison system. \u003ca href=\"http://gov.ca.gov/news.php?id=16964\" target=\"_blank\">Assembly Bill 109\u003c/a> - known as realignment - had the objective of shedding more than 30,000 inmates from in-state prisons and significantly cutting the prison budget. At the time the law took effect, there were more than 143,000 inmates behind bars in California's 33 prisons. That's almost twice the system's design capacity. Meanwhile, California's Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation received about $10 billion a year from the state's thinning general fund - over 11 percent of last year’s entire spending plan, more than was spent on the University of California and California State University systems combined.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2012/04/News_Education_prisons_edguide-R1.pdf\">\u003cstrong>(Teachers: Download our lesson plan to explore this topic further)\u003c/strong>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2012/04/list_icon_pdf.png\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>So what's happened since last October?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Since realignment began, most “non-serious, non-violent, non-sex offenders” (as defined by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/cgi-bin/calawquery?codesection=pen&codebody=&hits=20\">California’s Penal Code\u003c/a>) have been sentenced to county jails or put in locally-run probation programs. The program shifts a huge amount of criminal justice responsibility and power from the state to the local level. Prior to last October, every county came up with it's own individualized plan for how it would handle a potential increase in inmates and parolees. Each county then received an allotment of state funding based on its specific plan and the number of new inmates in projected receiving.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>What's the goal?\u003c/strong>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>The state was mandated by a court order to cut its prison population by more than 30,000 inmates -- nearly the capacity of the Oakland Coliseum. Again, the new rule mainly applies to inmates convicted of non-violent crimes like drug sales and theft-related offenses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"entry-content\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"entry-content\">\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>What about low-level offenders who are already serving prison terms?\u003c/strong>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>They stay where they are. Realignment \u003cem>only\u003c/em> applies to parolees and inmates sentenced after October 1, 2011. So contrary to common misconception, non-violent inmates currently in prison do \u003cem>not\u003c/em> get transferred to county jails. Additionally, low-level offenders released from prison or jail now get supervised by county-based probation programs rather than monitored by the state’s parole system. And non-serious parole violators generally no longer get sent back to prison: many will serve their terms in county jails. This is where much of the inmate reduction has occurred, because prior to realignment, roughly \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2011/10/01/MNM71L9Q8Q.DTL&ao=all\">47,000 inmates a year\u003c/a> served terms of 90 days or less in the state’s prison system.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>What’s the difference between jail and prison?\u003c/strong>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Jails in California are county-run facilities that traditionally house low-level inmates serving sentences of under a year, or for those awaiting criminal trial. Jails are under the jurisdiction of the county sheriff’s department. Every county in the state presides over its own jail system (with the exception of Alpine County, which doesn't have any jails).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prisons are state-run facilities administered by the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (CDCR). They're generally intended to house more serious and violent offenders whose sentences are generally over a year. However, in recent decades, an increasing number of low-level, non-violent offenders have been sentenced to relatively lengthy prison terms, and this added to the extent of prison overcrowding There are 33 state prison facilities currently operating in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>What’s the point of realignment?\u003c/strong>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>The realignment program is California’s response to three major mandates:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>1)\u003cem> A state mandate to slash spending\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nCalifornia (as you may have heard) has long been in a serious budget crisis and needs to drastically cut spending. Proponents of realignment, including Governor Brown, contend that counties can manage low-level offenders far more cost efficiently than can the state. California can therefore potentially save a significant amount of money by funding counties at lower levels than what it would cost to house those same offenders in state prisons. State finance analyses estimate a \u003ca href=\"http://www.ebudget.ca.gov/StateAgencyBudgets/5210/5225/major_program_changes.html\">savings of nearly $486 million\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>2) \u003cem>A federal mandate to reduce overcrowding\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nIn May 2011, the U.S. Supreme Court upheld a lower court’s order for California to cut its prison population by more than 30,000 inmates.In the 5-to-4 decision, the Supreme Court ruled that conditions resulting from severe overcrowding were in violation of the Eight Amendment of the U.S. Constitution, which prohibits cruel and unusual punishment. The decision was based largely on evidence of avoidable inmate deaths due to inadequate medical care as a result of overcrowding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>3)\u003cem> A societal mandate to reform a “broken” system\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nCalifornia’s prison system has long been rife with problems and inefficiencies. Along with severe overcrowding and outdated facilities, the system has one of the highest recidivism rates in the nation; as of 2010, \u003ca href=\"http://losangeles.cbslocal.com/2010/11/04/californias-3-year-recidivism-rate-climbs-slightly/\">more than 67% of those released returned to prison\u003c/a>. Proponents of realignment assert that much-needed reform and innovation is more likely to happen on a county level, where local officials have greater flexibility to employ programs that reduce recidivism and increase public safety, and where inmates, upon release, will be closer to their homes and services.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>Which counties have been most impacted?\u003c/strong>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Check out the interactive map below to get a sense of which counties have received the brunt. Parts of the Central Valley have felt the most impact.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's been less of an issue for most counties in the Bay Area, which have only experienced modest gains in their jail populations. And particularly in the case of Alameda and San Francisco counties, many low-level offenders were already under local supervision before realignment began.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's important to remember that each county decided its own process for dealing with realignment. So two neighboring counties might have very different approaches in how they handle the changes. Some counties have adopted reforms such as early release for good behavior, shorter sentences, and alternatives to incarceration (like electronic monitoring programs). Other counties, however, have taken a less nuanced approach, and have been placing new inmates in local jails for relatively long-term periods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.google.com/fusiontables/embedviz?viz=MAP&q=select+col1%3E%3E0+from+16awRPrYbXvPGqPkQHphlyLD266XS7b9Ac_2JQWA&h=false&lat=37.63058815315405&lng=-119.57413302343745&z=5&t=1&l=col1%3E%3E0\" width=\"400\" height=\"500\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2012/08/Jail_legend1.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-3351\" title=\"Jail_legend\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2012/08/Jail_legend1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"168\" height=\"170\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2012/08/Jail_legend1.png 293w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2012/08/Jail_legend1-32x32.png 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2012/08/Jail_legend1-64x64.png 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2012/08/Jail_legend1-96x96.png 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2012/08/Jail_legend1-75x75.png 75w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 168px) 100vw, 168px\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.bscc.ca.gov/programs-and-services/cpp/resources/jail-profile-survey\" target=\"_blank\">Data Source: California Board of State and Community Corrections\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/div>\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1432332599,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":true,"iframeSrcs":["https://www.google.com/fusiontables/embedviz"],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":17,"wordCount":1029},"headData":{"title":"California's Prison Realignment Explained | KQED","description":"Last October California began a dramatic overhaul of its severely overcrowded prison system. Assembly Bill 109 - known as realignment - had the objective of shedding more than 30,000 inmates from in-state prisons and significantly cutting the prison budget. At the time the law took effect, there were more than 143,000 inmates behind bars in","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"California's Prison Realignment Explained","datePublished":"2012-08-17T18:30:17.000Z","dateModified":"2015-05-22T22:09:59.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"80 http://blogs.kqed.org/lowdown/?p=80","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2012/08/17/califrornias-prison-realignment-explained/","disqusTitle":"California's Prison Realignment Explained","path":"/lowdown/80/califrornias-prison-realignment-explained","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Last October California began a dramatic overhaul of its severely overcrowded prison system. \u003ca href=\"http://gov.ca.gov/news.php?id=16964\" target=\"_blank\">Assembly Bill 109\u003c/a> - known as realignment - had the objective of shedding more than 30,000 inmates from in-state prisons and significantly cutting the prison budget. At the time the law took effect, there were more than 143,000 inmates behind bars in California's 33 prisons. That's almost twice the system's design capacity. Meanwhile, California's Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation received about $10 billion a year from the state's thinning general fund - over 11 percent of last year’s entire spending plan, more than was spent on the University of California and California State University systems combined.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2012/04/News_Education_prisons_edguide-R1.pdf\">\u003cstrong>(Teachers: Download our lesson plan to explore this topic further)\u003c/strong>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2012/04/list_icon_pdf.png\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>So what's happened since last October?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Since realignment began, most “non-serious, non-violent, non-sex offenders” (as defined by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/cgi-bin/calawquery?codesection=pen&codebody=&hits=20\">California’s Penal Code\u003c/a>) have been sentenced to county jails or put in locally-run probation programs. The program shifts a huge amount of criminal justice responsibility and power from the state to the local level. Prior to last October, every county came up with it's own individualized plan for how it would handle a potential increase in inmates and parolees. Each county then received an allotment of state funding based on its specific plan and the number of new inmates in projected receiving.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>What's the goal?\u003c/strong>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>The state was mandated by a court order to cut its prison population by more than 30,000 inmates -- nearly the capacity of the Oakland Coliseum. Again, the new rule mainly applies to inmates convicted of non-violent crimes like drug sales and theft-related offenses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"entry-content\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"entry-content\">\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>What about low-level offenders who are already serving prison terms?\u003c/strong>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>They stay where they are. Realignment \u003cem>only\u003c/em> applies to parolees and inmates sentenced after October 1, 2011. So contrary to common misconception, non-violent inmates currently in prison do \u003cem>not\u003c/em> get transferred to county jails. Additionally, low-level offenders released from prison or jail now get supervised by county-based probation programs rather than monitored by the state’s parole system. And non-serious parole violators generally no longer get sent back to prison: many will serve their terms in county jails. This is where much of the inmate reduction has occurred, because prior to realignment, roughly \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2011/10/01/MNM71L9Q8Q.DTL&ao=all\">47,000 inmates a year\u003c/a> served terms of 90 days or less in the state’s prison system.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>What’s the difference between jail and prison?\u003c/strong>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Jails in California are county-run facilities that traditionally house low-level inmates serving sentences of under a year, or for those awaiting criminal trial. Jails are under the jurisdiction of the county sheriff’s department. Every county in the state presides over its own jail system (with the exception of Alpine County, which doesn't have any jails).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prisons are state-run facilities administered by the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (CDCR). They're generally intended to house more serious and violent offenders whose sentences are generally over a year. However, in recent decades, an increasing number of low-level, non-violent offenders have been sentenced to relatively lengthy prison terms, and this added to the extent of prison overcrowding There are 33 state prison facilities currently operating in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>What’s the point of realignment?\u003c/strong>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>The realignment program is California’s response to three major mandates:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>1)\u003cem> A state mandate to slash spending\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nCalifornia (as you may have heard) has long been in a serious budget crisis and needs to drastically cut spending. Proponents of realignment, including Governor Brown, contend that counties can manage low-level offenders far more cost efficiently than can the state. California can therefore potentially save a significant amount of money by funding counties at lower levels than what it would cost to house those same offenders in state prisons. State finance analyses estimate a \u003ca href=\"http://www.ebudget.ca.gov/StateAgencyBudgets/5210/5225/major_program_changes.html\">savings of nearly $486 million\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>2) \u003cem>A federal mandate to reduce overcrowding\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nIn May 2011, the U.S. Supreme Court upheld a lower court’s order for California to cut its prison population by more than 30,000 inmates.In the 5-to-4 decision, the Supreme Court ruled that conditions resulting from severe overcrowding were in violation of the Eight Amendment of the U.S. Constitution, which prohibits cruel and unusual punishment. The decision was based largely on evidence of avoidable inmate deaths due to inadequate medical care as a result of overcrowding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>3)\u003cem> A societal mandate to reform a “broken” system\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nCalifornia’s prison system has long been rife with problems and inefficiencies. Along with severe overcrowding and outdated facilities, the system has one of the highest recidivism rates in the nation; as of 2010, \u003ca href=\"http://losangeles.cbslocal.com/2010/11/04/californias-3-year-recidivism-rate-climbs-slightly/\">more than 67% of those released returned to prison\u003c/a>. Proponents of realignment assert that much-needed reform and innovation is more likely to happen on a county level, where local officials have greater flexibility to employ programs that reduce recidivism and increase public safety, and where inmates, upon release, will be closer to their homes and services.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>Which counties have been most impacted?\u003c/strong>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Check out the interactive map below to get a sense of which counties have received the brunt. Parts of the Central Valley have felt the most impact.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's been less of an issue for most counties in the Bay Area, which have only experienced modest gains in their jail populations. And particularly in the case of Alameda and San Francisco counties, many low-level offenders were already under local supervision before realignment began.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's important to remember that each county decided its own process for dealing with realignment. So two neighboring counties might have very different approaches in how they handle the changes. Some counties have adopted reforms such as early release for good behavior, shorter sentences, and alternatives to incarceration (like electronic monitoring programs). Other counties, however, have taken a less nuanced approach, and have been placing new inmates in local jails for relatively long-term periods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.google.com/fusiontables/embedviz?viz=MAP&q=select+col1%3E%3E0+from+16awRPrYbXvPGqPkQHphlyLD266XS7b9Ac_2JQWA&h=false&lat=37.63058815315405&lng=-119.57413302343745&z=5&t=1&l=col1%3E%3E0\" width=\"400\" height=\"500\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2012/08/Jail_legend1.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-3351\" title=\"Jail_legend\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2012/08/Jail_legend1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"168\" height=\"170\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2012/08/Jail_legend1.png 293w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2012/08/Jail_legend1-32x32.png 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2012/08/Jail_legend1-64x64.png 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2012/08/Jail_legend1-96x96.png 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2012/08/Jail_legend1-75x75.png 75w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 168px) 100vw, 168px\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.bscc.ca.gov/programs-and-services/cpp/resources/jail-profile-survey\" target=\"_blank\">Data Source: California Board of State and Community Corrections\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/div>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/lowdown/80/califrornias-prison-realignment-explained","authors":["1263"],"categories":["lowdown_245","lowdown_242","lowdown_2374"],"tags":["lowdown_31","lowdown_294","lowdown_254","lowdown_56","lowdown_37","lowdown_164","lowdown_39","lowdown_33","lowdown_265"],"featImg":"lowdown_18039","label":"lowdown"},"lowdown_3291":{"type":"posts","id":"lowdown_3291","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"lowdown","id":"3291","score":null,"sort":[1345166506000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"is-californias-prison-realignment-experiment-working","title":"Is California's Prison Realignment Experiment Working?","publishDate":1345166506,"format":"aside","headTitle":"The Lowdown | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"lowdown"},"content":"\u003cp>Depends whom you ask (real helpful, huh?).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the one hand, the state \u003cem>has\u003c/em> significantly reduced its prison population since realignment went into effect last October. At the end of September 2011, there were 144,456 inmates in the state's 33 prisons, according to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdcr.ca.gov/Reports_Research/Offender_Information_Services_Branch/Monthly/Monthly_Tpop1a_Archive.html\" target=\"_blank\">California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation\u003c/a>. (Note: that does not represent California's total prison population, which also includes prisoners in in-state and out-of-state private facilities, and those in work camps).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California's 33 prisons are designed to hold about 80,000 prisoners (based on one inmate/cell). So at the start of realignment, the prisons were at about 180% overcapacity.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_3373\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 389px\">\u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheet/ccc?key=0Ark5K5szJsMSdDNiYlhiRTFScXFBemppNjY1bjJyNVE#gid=2\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-3373\" title=\"Prison Pop Graph\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2012/08/Prison-Pop-Graph1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"389\" height=\"239\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2012/08/Prison-Pop-Graph1-400x247.png 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2012/08/Prison-Pop-Graph1-320x198.png 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 389px) 100vw, 389px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Data source: CDCR (click on the chart above to see the interactive version)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>By the end of July 2012 the inmate population had been reduced to just over 120,000, or 150 percent of capacity. So over the last ten months, California's 33 prisons shed more than 24,000 inmates. And that puts the system within reach of meeting its court-ordered goal of getting population down to about 110,000 (or 137.5 percent capacity) by June 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All in all, sounds pretty good.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are some skeptics, however. who are likely to point out several factors that might detract from this record of success. For one, much of the reduction - about 30 percent - took place within the first three months of realignment. But that trend has slowed, casting some doubt as to whether the June 13 goal can actually be met.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also at issue is the burden that realignment has placed on many county jails throughout the state. New low-level offenders are now mostly serving out sentences in county jail facilities, many of which have limited space and are not equipped to hold inmates for long periods of time. In the first four months after realignment went into effect, the jail populations in a number of counties across the state skyrocketed . The trend isn't universal, but it increased overcrowding in various county facilities. (\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2012/08/16/shouldering-the-burden-californias-new-jail-boom-interactive-map/\" target=\"_blank\">Check out the interactive map\u003c/a>).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rising jail population also raises the question of whether California's realignment experiment is actually reforming the state's beleaguered prison system or just serving as a quick-fix. Nearly as many non-violent, low-level offenders are still being thrown behind bars for lengthy terms; it's just that more of them are now being packed into county jails rather than state prisons.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1432168668,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":10,"wordCount":410},"headData":{"title":"Is California's Prison Realignment Experiment Working? | KQED","description":"Depends whom you ask (real helpful, huh?). On the one hand, the state has significantly reduced its prison population since realignment went into effect last October. At the end of September 2011, there were 144,456 inmates in the state's 33 prisons, according to the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation. (Note: that does not represent","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Is California's Prison Realignment Experiment Working?","datePublished":"2012-08-17T01:21:46.000Z","dateModified":"2015-05-21T00:37:48.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"3291 http://blogs.kqed.org/lowdown/?p=3291","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2012/08/16/is-californias-prison-realignment-experiment-working/","disqusTitle":"Is California's Prison Realignment Experiment Working?","path":"/lowdown/3291/is-californias-prison-realignment-experiment-working","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Depends whom you ask (real helpful, huh?).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the one hand, the state \u003cem>has\u003c/em> significantly reduced its prison population since realignment went into effect last October. At the end of September 2011, there were 144,456 inmates in the state's 33 prisons, according to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdcr.ca.gov/Reports_Research/Offender_Information_Services_Branch/Monthly/Monthly_Tpop1a_Archive.html\" target=\"_blank\">California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation\u003c/a>. (Note: that does not represent California's total prison population, which also includes prisoners in in-state and out-of-state private facilities, and those in work camps).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California's 33 prisons are designed to hold about 80,000 prisoners (based on one inmate/cell). So at the start of realignment, the prisons were at about 180% overcapacity.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_3373\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 389px\">\u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheet/ccc?key=0Ark5K5szJsMSdDNiYlhiRTFScXFBemppNjY1bjJyNVE#gid=2\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-3373\" title=\"Prison Pop Graph\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2012/08/Prison-Pop-Graph1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"389\" height=\"239\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2012/08/Prison-Pop-Graph1-400x247.png 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2012/08/Prison-Pop-Graph1-320x198.png 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 389px) 100vw, 389px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Data source: CDCR (click on the chart above to see the interactive version)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>By the end of July 2012 the inmate population had been reduced to just over 120,000, or 150 percent of capacity. So over the last ten months, California's 33 prisons shed more than 24,000 inmates. And that puts the system within reach of meeting its court-ordered goal of getting population down to about 110,000 (or 137.5 percent capacity) by June 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All in all, sounds pretty good.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are some skeptics, however. who are likely to point out several factors that might detract from this record of success. For one, much of the reduction - about 30 percent - took place within the first three months of realignment. But that trend has slowed, casting some doubt as to whether the June 13 goal can actually be met.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also at issue is the burden that realignment has placed on many county jails throughout the state. New low-level offenders are now mostly serving out sentences in county jail facilities, many of which have limited space and are not equipped to hold inmates for long periods of time. In the first four months after realignment went into effect, the jail populations in a number of counties across the state skyrocketed . The trend isn't universal, but it increased overcrowding in various county facilities. (\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2012/08/16/shouldering-the-burden-californias-new-jail-boom-interactive-map/\" target=\"_blank\">Check out the interactive map\u003c/a>).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rising jail population also raises the question of whether California's realignment experiment is actually reforming the state's beleaguered prison system or just serving as a quick-fix. Nearly as many non-violent, low-level offenders are still being thrown behind bars for lengthy terms; it's just that more of them are now being packed into county jails rather than state prisons.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/lowdown/3291/is-californias-prison-realignment-experiment-working","authors":["1263"],"categories":["lowdown_2363","lowdown_2374"],"tags":["lowdown_31","lowdown_281","lowdown_32","lowdown_164","lowdown_33"],"featImg":"lowdown_851","label":"lowdown"},"lowdown_3347":{"type":"posts","id":"lowdown_3347","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"lowdown","id":"3347","score":null,"sort":[1345166366000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"shouldering-the-burden-californias-new-jail-boom-interactive-map","title":"Shouldering the Burden: California's New Jail Boom (interactive map)","publishDate":1345166366,"format":"aside","headTitle":"The Lowdown | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"lowdown"},"content":"\u003cp>California's realignment process has resulted in many more new low-level offenders placed under county supervision rather than being put in the state prison system. Although the overall jail population has not changed significantly, many counties across the state have experienced a significant increase in their local sentenced inmate populations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Click on each county below for average jail population rates of sentenced inmates between the third quarter of 2011 (before realignment began) and the first quarter of 2012.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.google.com/fusiontables/embedviz?viz=MAP&q=select+col1%3E%3E0+from+16awRPrYbXvPGqPkQHphlyLD266XS7b9Ac_2JQWA&h=false&lat=37.63058815315405&lng=-119.57413302343745&z=5&t=1&l=col1%3E%3E0\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"400\" height=\"500\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg title=\"Jail_legend\" src=\"http://u.s.kqed.net/2012/08/17/Cfakepathmapamounts.jpg\" alt=\"jail legend\" width=\"409\" height=\"49\">\u003c/p>\n\u003ch6>\u003ca href=\"http://www.bscc.ca.gov/programs-and-services/cpp/resources/jail-profile-survey\" target=\"_blank\">Data Source: California Board of State and Community Corrections\u003c/a>\u003c/h6>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1432332872,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":true,"iframeSrcs":["https://www.google.com/fusiontables/embedviz"],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":6,"wordCount":90},"headData":{"title":"Shouldering the Burden: California's New Jail Boom (interactive map) | KQED","description":"California's realignment process has resulted in many more new low-level offenders placed under county supervision rather than being put in the state prison system. Although the overall jail population has not changed significantly, many counties across the state have experienced a significant increase in their local sentenced inmate populations. Click on each county below for","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Shouldering the Burden: California's New Jail Boom (interactive map)","datePublished":"2012-08-17T01:19:26.000Z","dateModified":"2015-05-22T22:14:32.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"3347 http://blogs.kqed.org/lowdown/?p=3347","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2012/08/16/shouldering-the-burden-californias-new-jail-boom-interactive-map/","disqusTitle":"Shouldering the Burden: California's New Jail Boom (interactive map)","path":"/lowdown/3347/shouldering-the-burden-californias-new-jail-boom-interactive-map","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California's realignment process has resulted in many more new low-level offenders placed under county supervision rather than being put in the state prison system. Although the overall jail population has not changed significantly, many counties across the state have experienced a significant increase in their local sentenced inmate populations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Click on each county below for average jail population rates of sentenced inmates between the third quarter of 2011 (before realignment began) and the first quarter of 2012.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.google.com/fusiontables/embedviz?viz=MAP&q=select+col1%3E%3E0+from+16awRPrYbXvPGqPkQHphlyLD266XS7b9Ac_2JQWA&h=false&lat=37.63058815315405&lng=-119.57413302343745&z=5&t=1&l=col1%3E%3E0\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"400\" height=\"500\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg title=\"Jail_legend\" src=\"http://u.s.kqed.net/2012/08/17/Cfakepathmapamounts.jpg\" alt=\"jail legend\" width=\"409\" height=\"49\">\u003c/p>\n\u003ch6>\u003ca href=\"http://www.bscc.ca.gov/programs-and-services/cpp/resources/jail-profile-survey\" target=\"_blank\">Data Source: California Board of State and Community Corrections\u003c/a>\u003c/h6>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/lowdown/3347/shouldering-the-burden-californias-new-jail-boom-interactive-map","authors":["1263"],"categories":["lowdown_242","lowdown_2374"],"tags":["lowdown_31","lowdown_32","lowdown_254","lowdown_164","lowdown_33"],"featImg":"lowdown_943","label":"lowdown"},"lowdown_775":{"type":"posts","id":"lowdown_775","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"lowdown","id":"775","score":null,"sort":[1327367825000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"the-law-that-help-pack-californias-prisons","title":"How One Law Helped Pack California's Prisons","publishDate":1327367825,"format":"standard","headTitle":"The Lowdown | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"lowdown"},"content":"\u003cp>A single state law from the 1970s completely transformed the way California sentences its criminals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The\u003ca href=\"http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/pub/11-12/bill/sen/sb_0001-0050/sb_9_bill_20110527_amended_sen_v98.html\" target=\"_blank\"> Uniform Determinate Sentencing Law\u003c/a> was signed in 1976 by Governor Jerry Brown (yes, same guy). Shortly thereafter the prison population metastasized.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's what happened:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/pub/11-12/bill/sen/sb_0001-0050/sb_9_bill_20110527_amended_sen_v98.html\" target=\"_blank\">language of the law\u003c/a> literally says: \u003cem>\"the purpose of imprisonment for crime is punishment.\"\u003c/em> Beforehand, the penal system's primary agenda was rehabilitation. But with the new law, punishment became the explicit goal.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>How it used to be\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Prior to 1977, California judges would typically sentence convicted offenders to very broad-ranging prison terms (say, five years to life for armed robbery). After an inmate had served a minimal period amount of time, a parole board would then determine the remaining sentence length. The board's decision was supposed to be influenced by how the inmate had behaved during his/her sentence and the demonstrated degree of “rehabilitation” (for instance: completing classes and job training, attending counseling, etc.).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2012/01/Prison-Pop-Graph.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-854\" title=\"Prison Pop Graph\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2012/01/Prison-Pop-Graph.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"294\" height=\"402\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2012/01/Prison-Pop-Graph.png 506w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2012/01/Prison-Pop-Graph-320x439.png 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 294px) 100vw, 294px\">\u003c/a>Interestingly, this process – known as indeterminate sentencing – became increasingly unpopular among both conservative \u003cem>and\u003c/em> liberal politicians: conservatives expressed concern that parole boards were releasing inmates too early, while liberals alleged that the boards too often made discriminatory decisions based on factors like race.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Determinate sentencing\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Determinate sentencing was intended to make that process less arbitrary. After1977, the vast majority of convicted felons received fixed -- or \"determinate\" -- prison terms, and no longer appeared before a parole board prior to release. The legislature decided on \"triads\" of specific sentence lengths for certain crimes. So, whereas previously, a specific crime might have gotten you one to 20 years, the exact same crime was now punishable by a strictly defined term of, say, two, four, or six years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trial judges were required to impose the middle sentence unless overriding evidence justified a lower or higher term. In 2007, however the U.S. Supreme Court in \u003cem>Cunningham v. California \u003c/em>invalidated this last part of the law, ruling it in violation of the Sixth Amendment's trial by jury requirement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California's new sentencing system effectively diminished many of the incentives inmates had to seek rehabilitative services. Prison terms were now pretty much set in stone regardless of good or bad behavior (with the exception of a very modest fixed reduction for basic good conduct). And as a result, increasingly fewer resources were directed towards rehabilitative services.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>The big increase\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>As violent crime rates around the country rose in the 1970s and 1980s, so too did tough on-crime political positions, especially in California. Determinate sentencing gave state lawmakers the authority to decide on and change the length of prison sentences. And because few elected officials wanted the liability of appearing soft on crime, the legislature kept jacking up prison terms for a variety relatively minor offenses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the two decades after the enactment of determinate sentencing, state legislators enacted nearly 100 laws that significantly enhanced sentences for various felonies. In particular, harsher punishments for non-serious, non-violent crimes like drug offenses resulted in the long-term incarceration of thousands of offenders who, previous to 1977, may have received only very brief terms or not gone to prison at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When interviewed in 2007, three decades after signing the determinate sentencing law, Jerry Brown expressed regret. He noted that “determinate sentencing, as it has worked out, is itself arbitrary.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During that thirty year period, the state’s prison population increased by nearly 900 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>The Parole Factor\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>The nature of parole changed as well after determinate sentencing took effect. Parole used to basically mean early release. Determinate sentencing pretty much eliminated that possibility. Since 1977, almost all released offenders (non-lifers) get placed under parole supervision for up to three years, during which time the ex-offender is \"supervised\" by a parole agent and required to follow specific conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In theory, the system is intended as much to make sure ex-offenders stay out of trouble as it is to help with their transition back into society. But In actuality, the parole system is sorely lacking in the extent of the very needed resources it's able to provide. And many parolees get sent back to prison as a result of minor technical violations (called \"administrative returns\"). In short, parolees receive few services and walk on very thin ice. They can be sent back to prison for slip-ups as mundane as not showing up for parole visits or failing drug tests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California's recidivism rate in 1977 was about 15 percent. Today, close to 70 percent of all ex-offenders return to prison within just three years, among the highest rates in the country.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1432335080,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":19,"wordCount":785},"headData":{"title":"How One Law Helped Pack California's Prisons | KQED","description":"A single state law from the 1970s completely transformed the way California sentences its criminals. The Uniform Determinate Sentencing Law was signed in 1976 by Governor Jerry Brown (yes, same guy). Shortly thereafter the prison population metastasized. Here's what happened:","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"How One Law Helped Pack California's Prisons","datePublished":"2012-01-24T01:17:05.000Z","dateModified":"2015-05-22T22:51:20.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"775 http://blogs.kqed.org/lowdown/?p=775","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2012/01/23/the-law-that-help-pack-californias-prisons/","disqusTitle":"How One Law Helped Pack California's Prisons","path":"/lowdown/775/the-law-that-help-pack-californias-prisons","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A single state law from the 1970s completely transformed the way California sentences its criminals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The\u003ca href=\"http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/pub/11-12/bill/sen/sb_0001-0050/sb_9_bill_20110527_amended_sen_v98.html\" target=\"_blank\"> Uniform Determinate Sentencing Law\u003c/a> was signed in 1976 by Governor Jerry Brown (yes, same guy). Shortly thereafter the prison population metastasized.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's what happened:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/pub/11-12/bill/sen/sb_0001-0050/sb_9_bill_20110527_amended_sen_v98.html\" target=\"_blank\">language of the law\u003c/a> literally says: \u003cem>\"the purpose of imprisonment for crime is punishment.\"\u003c/em> Beforehand, the penal system's primary agenda was rehabilitation. But with the new law, punishment became the explicit goal.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>How it used to be\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Prior to 1977, California judges would typically sentence convicted offenders to very broad-ranging prison terms (say, five years to life for armed robbery). After an inmate had served a minimal period amount of time, a parole board would then determine the remaining sentence length. The board's decision was supposed to be influenced by how the inmate had behaved during his/her sentence and the demonstrated degree of “rehabilitation” (for instance: completing classes and job training, attending counseling, etc.).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2012/01/Prison-Pop-Graph.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-854\" title=\"Prison Pop Graph\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2012/01/Prison-Pop-Graph.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"294\" height=\"402\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2012/01/Prison-Pop-Graph.png 506w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2012/01/Prison-Pop-Graph-320x439.png 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 294px) 100vw, 294px\">\u003c/a>Interestingly, this process – known as indeterminate sentencing – became increasingly unpopular among both conservative \u003cem>and\u003c/em> liberal politicians: conservatives expressed concern that parole boards were releasing inmates too early, while liberals alleged that the boards too often made discriminatory decisions based on factors like race.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Determinate sentencing\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Determinate sentencing was intended to make that process less arbitrary. After1977, the vast majority of convicted felons received fixed -- or \"determinate\" -- prison terms, and no longer appeared before a parole board prior to release. The legislature decided on \"triads\" of specific sentence lengths for certain crimes. So, whereas previously, a specific crime might have gotten you one to 20 years, the exact same crime was now punishable by a strictly defined term of, say, two, four, or six years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trial judges were required to impose the middle sentence unless overriding evidence justified a lower or higher term. In 2007, however the U.S. Supreme Court in \u003cem>Cunningham v. California \u003c/em>invalidated this last part of the law, ruling it in violation of the Sixth Amendment's trial by jury requirement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California's new sentencing system effectively diminished many of the incentives inmates had to seek rehabilitative services. Prison terms were now pretty much set in stone regardless of good or bad behavior (with the exception of a very modest fixed reduction for basic good conduct). And as a result, increasingly fewer resources were directed towards rehabilitative services.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>The big increase\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>As violent crime rates around the country rose in the 1970s and 1980s, so too did tough on-crime political positions, especially in California. Determinate sentencing gave state lawmakers the authority to decide on and change the length of prison sentences. And because few elected officials wanted the liability of appearing soft on crime, the legislature kept jacking up prison terms for a variety relatively minor offenses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the two decades after the enactment of determinate sentencing, state legislators enacted nearly 100 laws that significantly enhanced sentences for various felonies. In particular, harsher punishments for non-serious, non-violent crimes like drug offenses resulted in the long-term incarceration of thousands of offenders who, previous to 1977, may have received only very brief terms or not gone to prison at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When interviewed in 2007, three decades after signing the determinate sentencing law, Jerry Brown expressed regret. He noted that “determinate sentencing, as it has worked out, is itself arbitrary.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During that thirty year period, the state’s prison population increased by nearly 900 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>The Parole Factor\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>The nature of parole changed as well after determinate sentencing took effect. Parole used to basically mean early release. Determinate sentencing pretty much eliminated that possibility. Since 1977, almost all released offenders (non-lifers) get placed under parole supervision for up to three years, during which time the ex-offender is \"supervised\" by a parole agent and required to follow specific conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In theory, the system is intended as much to make sure ex-offenders stay out of trouble as it is to help with their transition back into society. But In actuality, the parole system is sorely lacking in the extent of the very needed resources it's able to provide. And many parolees get sent back to prison as a result of minor technical violations (called \"administrative returns\"). In short, parolees receive few services and walk on very thin ice. They can be sent back to prison for slip-ups as mundane as not showing up for parole visits or failing drug tests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California's recidivism rate in 1977 was about 15 percent. Today, close to 70 percent of all ex-offenders return to prison within just three years, among the highest rates in the country.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/lowdown/775/the-law-that-help-pack-californias-prisons","authors":["1263"],"categories":["lowdown_256","lowdown_2374"],"tags":["lowdown_31","lowdown_281","lowdown_69","lowdown_35","lowdown_164"],"featImg":"lowdown_18052","label":"lowdown"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? 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