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He also taught journalism classes at Fremont High School in East Oakland.\r\n\r\nEmail: mgreen@kqed.org; Twitter: @MGreenKQED","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/3bf498d1267ca02c8494f33d8cfc575e?s=600&d=mm&r=g","twitter":"MGreenKQED","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"news","roles":["administrator"]},{"site":"lowdown","roles":["administrator"]},{"site":"stateofhealth","roles":["author"]},{"site":"science","roles":["administrator"]},{"site":"education","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"quest","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"forum","roles":["administrator"]},{"site":"elections","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"liveblog","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Matthew Green | KQED","description":"KQED Contributor","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/3bf498d1267ca02c8494f33d8cfc575e?s=600&d=mm&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/3bf498d1267ca02c8494f33d8cfc575e?s=600&d=mm&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/matthewgreen"},"marklukach1":{"type":"authors","id":"7343","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"7343","found":true},"name":"Mark Lukach","firstName":"Mark","lastName":"Lukach","slug":"marklukach1","email":"matthewgreen123@gmail.com","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":null,"avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/7067f14da2ede19c983e9a63d2eaf7f4?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"lowdown","roles":["contributor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Mark Lukach | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/7067f14da2ede19c983e9a63d2eaf7f4?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/7067f14da2ede19c983e9a63d2eaf7f4?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/marklukach1"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"news","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"lowdown_4065":{"type":"posts","id":"lowdown_4065","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"lowdown","id":"4065","score":null,"sort":[1352174182000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"thinking-twice-about-californias-three-strikes-law","title":"Thinking Twice About California's Three Strikes Law [Video]","publishDate":1352174182,"format":"video","headTitle":"The Lowdown | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"lowdown"},"content":"\u003cp>On November 6, California voters will decide whether the state should revise it's tough-on-crime three strikes law. If passed, \u003ca href=\"http://www.lao.ca.gov/ballot/2012/36_11_2012.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">Proposition 36\u003c/a> would reduce sentences for second and third strike offenders. Opponents of the measure warn that doing so will lead to an increase in violent crime. San Francisco State University film students Owen Wesson, Aaron Firestone, Marine Gautier, and Daniel Casillas took to the road this fall to collect a range of perspectives on a thorny, emotionally-charged issue that questions how best to handle crime prevention and fairly administer justice in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003c!--more-->The Background\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>In 1992, 18-year-old Kimber Reynolds was attacked by two men who attempted to steal her purse outside a restaurant in Fresno. One of the men shot her in the head. She died 26 hours later. The 25-year-old shooter - who was killed shortly thereafter in a police standoff - was described by police as a hardcore drug user who had been repeatably jailed on gun and drug charges, and who just two months earlier had been released from state prison where he served a sentence for auto theft.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After his daughter's death, Mike Reynolds began fighting for a statewide tough-on-crime policy to keep potentially violent criminals off the streets. His effort gained widespread support following the kidnapping, rape and murder of 12-year-old Polly Klaas just eighteen months later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1994, voters overwhelmingly approved Proposition 184, known as the \"Three Strikes and You're Out Law,\" which Reynolds helped author. In effect ever since, the law has significantly increased the length of prison sentences for second and third time offenders who had a serious or violent original conviction Even if repeat convictions are minor - such as petty theft or drug possession - a second strike offense now results in double the normal prison term. A third strike gets a mandatory sentence of 25 years to life. Of the roughly 24 states with a three strikes type law, California's is widely considered the harshest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Californians remain sharply divided over three strikes. Advocates like Mike Reynolds are quick to note the dramatic decrease in crime statewide since it was enacted: by 2004, \u003ca href=\"http://oag.ca.gov/crime\" target=\"_blank\">the statewide violent crime rate had gone down by half\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But opponents argue that the law unfairly imprisons scores of low-level offenders for excessive periods at a huge expense to taxpayers. In the decade after the law's passage, \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdcr.ca.gov/reports_research/offender_information_services_branch/Annual/Ipop2Archive.html\" target=\"_blank\">the state prison population increased by roughly thirty percent\u003c/a>, and the prison budget skyrocketed. Today, of the more than \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdcr.ca.gov/reports_research/offender_information_services_branch/Quarterly/Strike1Archive.html\" target=\"_blank\">41,000 second and third strike inmates in California's prisons\u003c/a>, more than half are serving elongated sentences for non-violent crimes. Of these, more than 6,000 are for drug-related offenses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All attempts to reform three strikes, including a ballot proposition in 2004 have failed. But on Nov. 6, California will again reconsider the issue, and vote on Proposition 36, a measure that which would significantly revise the three strikes law, resulting in shorter sentences for many non-violent, non-serious offenders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.lao.ca.gov/ballot/2012/36_11_2012.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">California Legislative Analyst's Office\u003c/a> estimates that if Prop 36 passes, it will save California roughly $70 to $90 million annually. Opponents of the proposition, however, warn that doing so will severely compromise public safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Additional Multimedia Resources\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://media.npr.org/chrome/news/nprlogo_138x46.gif\" alt=\"NPR\" width=\"48\" height=\"16\"> \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=114219922\" target=\"_blank\">three-part series, and interactive timeline on California's three strikes law. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://graphics8.nytimes.com/bcvideo/1.0/iframe/embed.html?videoId=1247467790210&playerType=embed\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"480\" height=\"373\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1432334007,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":true,"iframeSrcs":["http://graphics8.nytimes.com/bcvideo/1.0/iframe/embed.html"],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":12,"wordCount":563},"headData":{"title":"Thinking Twice About California's Three Strikes Law [Video] | KQED","description":"On November 6, California voters will decide whether the state should revise it's tough-on-crime three strikes law. If passed, Proposition 36 would reduce sentences for second and third strike offenders. Opponents of the measure warn that doing so will lead to an increase in violent crime. San Francisco State University film students Owen Wesson, Aaron","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Thinking Twice About California's Three Strikes Law [Video]","datePublished":"2012-11-06T03:56:22.000Z","dateModified":"2015-05-22T22:33:27.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"4065 http://blogs.kqed.org/lowdown/?p=4065","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2012/11/05/thinking-twice-about-californias-three-strikes-law/","disqusTitle":"Thinking Twice About California's Three Strikes Law [Video]","videoEmbed":"http://www.youtube.com/embed/8DcLPYFO3UA","path":"/lowdown/4065/thinking-twice-about-californias-three-strikes-law","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>On November 6, California voters will decide whether the state should revise it's tough-on-crime three strikes law. If passed, \u003ca href=\"http://www.lao.ca.gov/ballot/2012/36_11_2012.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">Proposition 36\u003c/a> would reduce sentences for second and third strike offenders. Opponents of the measure warn that doing so will lead to an increase in violent crime. San Francisco State University film students Owen Wesson, Aaron Firestone, Marine Gautier, and Daniel Casillas took to the road this fall to collect a range of perspectives on a thorny, emotionally-charged issue that questions how best to handle crime prevention and fairly administer justice in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003c!--more-->The Background\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>In 1992, 18-year-old Kimber Reynolds was attacked by two men who attempted to steal her purse outside a restaurant in Fresno. One of the men shot her in the head. She died 26 hours later. The 25-year-old shooter - who was killed shortly thereafter in a police standoff - was described by police as a hardcore drug user who had been repeatably jailed on gun and drug charges, and who just two months earlier had been released from state prison where he served a sentence for auto theft.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After his daughter's death, Mike Reynolds began fighting for a statewide tough-on-crime policy to keep potentially violent criminals off the streets. His effort gained widespread support following the kidnapping, rape and murder of 12-year-old Polly Klaas just eighteen months later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1994, voters overwhelmingly approved Proposition 184, known as the \"Three Strikes and You're Out Law,\" which Reynolds helped author. In effect ever since, the law has significantly increased the length of prison sentences for second and third time offenders who had a serious or violent original conviction Even if repeat convictions are minor - such as petty theft or drug possession - a second strike offense now results in double the normal prison term. A third strike gets a mandatory sentence of 25 years to life. Of the roughly 24 states with a three strikes type law, California's is widely considered the harshest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Californians remain sharply divided over three strikes. Advocates like Mike Reynolds are quick to note the dramatic decrease in crime statewide since it was enacted: by 2004, \u003ca href=\"http://oag.ca.gov/crime\" target=\"_blank\">the statewide violent crime rate had gone down by half\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But opponents argue that the law unfairly imprisons scores of low-level offenders for excessive periods at a huge expense to taxpayers. In the decade after the law's passage, \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdcr.ca.gov/reports_research/offender_information_services_branch/Annual/Ipop2Archive.html\" target=\"_blank\">the state prison population increased by roughly thirty percent\u003c/a>, and the prison budget skyrocketed. Today, of the more than \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdcr.ca.gov/reports_research/offender_information_services_branch/Quarterly/Strike1Archive.html\" target=\"_blank\">41,000 second and third strike inmates in California's prisons\u003c/a>, more than half are serving elongated sentences for non-violent crimes. Of these, more than 6,000 are for drug-related offenses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All attempts to reform three strikes, including a ballot proposition in 2004 have failed. But on Nov. 6, California will again reconsider the issue, and vote on Proposition 36, a measure that which would significantly revise the three strikes law, resulting in shorter sentences for many non-violent, non-serious offenders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.lao.ca.gov/ballot/2012/36_11_2012.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">California Legislative Analyst's Office\u003c/a> estimates that if Prop 36 passes, it will save California roughly $70 to $90 million annually. Opponents of the proposition, however, warn that doing so will severely compromise public safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Additional Multimedia Resources\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://media.npr.org/chrome/news/nprlogo_138x46.gif\" alt=\"NPR\" width=\"48\" height=\"16\"> \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=114219922\" target=\"_blank\">three-part series, and interactive timeline on California's three strikes law. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://graphics8.nytimes.com/bcvideo/1.0/iframe/embed.html?videoId=1247467790210&playerType=embed\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"480\" height=\"373\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/lowdown/4065/thinking-twice-about-californias-three-strikes-law","authors":["1263"],"categories":["lowdown_245","lowdown_1","lowdown_475","lowdown_2361","lowdown_2374"],"tags":["lowdown_268","lowdown_220","lowdown_205","lowdown_269","lowdown_219","lowdown_265"],"featImg":"lowdown_18039","label":"lowdown"},"lowdown_4211":{"type":"posts","id":"lowdown_4211","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"lowdown","id":"4211","score":null,"sort":[1351557987000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"how-does-californias-tax-system-work-and-how-would-prop-30-change-it","title":"How Does California's Tax System Work?","publishDate":1351557987,"format":"aside","headTitle":"The Lowdown | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"lowdown"},"content":"\u003cp>Taxes. Not too many folks like paying 'em, and even fewer understand what they're actually paying for. In November, California voters will decide on two major competing tax measures - Proposition 30 and 38. The initiatives are both intended to shield public schools from devastating budget cuts, although they each propose to do so in pretty different ways. Deciding which path makes the most sense requires first understanding the basics of California's tax system. Pretty enticing, huh? Well, before we lose your attention to the latest gripping cat flick on YouTube, at least take a quick look at this animation produced by freelancer \u003ca href=\"http://joshkurz.com\" target=\"_blank\">Josh Kurz\u003c/a>. It's a surprisingly digestible primer on a topic that's admittedly pretty freakin' dry ... but one that's also got some pretty huge real life consequences for almost all of us.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>(Scroll down to see another KQED video and detailed summaries on both propositions)\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://www.youtube.com/embed/4OLNYPDnOcE\" frameborder=\"0\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003c!--more-->More resources on the two tax propositions\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://www.youtube.com/embed/0M76JP3mH9U\" frameborder=\"0\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cobject width=\"335\" height=\"85\" classid=\"d27cdb6e-ae6d-11cf-96b8-444553540000\" codebase=\"http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=6,0,40,0\">\u003cparam name=\"src\" value=\"http://www.kqed.org/assets/flash/kqedplayer.swf\">\u003cparam name=\"flashvars\" value=\"file=http://www.kqed.org/radio/archives/R201210150850a.xml\">\u003cembed width=\"335\" height=\"85\" type=\"application/x-shockwave-flash\" src=\"http://www.kqed.org/assets/flash/kqedplayer.swf\" flashvars=\"file=http://www.kqed.org/radio/archives/R201210150850a.xml\">\u003c/embed>\u003c/object>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1393011640,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":true,"iframeSrcs":["http://www.youtube.com/embed/4OLNYPDnOcE","http://www.youtube.com/embed/0M76JP3mH9U"],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":6,"wordCount":164},"headData":{"title":"How Does California's Tax System Work? | KQED","description":"Taxes. Not too many folks like paying 'em, and even fewer understand what they're actually paying for. In November, California voters will decide on two major competing tax measures - Proposition 30 and 38. The initiatives are both intended to shield public schools from devastating budget cuts, although they each propose to do so in","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"How Does California's Tax System Work?","datePublished":"2012-10-30T00:46:27.000Z","dateModified":"2014-02-21T19:40:40.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"4211 http://blogs.kqed.org/lowdown/?p=4211","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2012/10/29/how-does-californias-tax-system-work-and-how-would-prop-30-change-it/","disqusTitle":"How Does California's Tax System Work?","path":"/lowdown/4211/how-does-californias-tax-system-work-and-how-would-prop-30-change-it","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Taxes. Not too many folks like paying 'em, and even fewer understand what they're actually paying for. In November, California voters will decide on two major competing tax measures - Proposition 30 and 38. The initiatives are both intended to shield public schools from devastating budget cuts, although they each propose to do so in pretty different ways. Deciding which path makes the most sense requires first understanding the basics of California's tax system. Pretty enticing, huh? Well, before we lose your attention to the latest gripping cat flick on YouTube, at least take a quick look at this animation produced by freelancer \u003ca href=\"http://joshkurz.com\" target=\"_blank\">Josh Kurz\u003c/a>. It's a surprisingly digestible primer on a topic that's admittedly pretty freakin' dry ... but one that's also got some pretty huge real life consequences for almost all of us.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>(Scroll down to see another KQED video and detailed summaries on both propositions)\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://www.youtube.com/embed/4OLNYPDnOcE\" frameborder=\"0\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003c!--more-->More resources on the two tax propositions\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://www.youtube.com/embed/0M76JP3mH9U\" frameborder=\"0\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cobject width=\"335\" height=\"85\" classid=\"d27cdb6e-ae6d-11cf-96b8-444553540000\" codebase=\"http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=6,0,40,0\">\u003cparam name=\"src\" value=\"http://www.kqed.org/assets/flash/kqedplayer.swf\">\u003cparam name=\"flashvars\" value=\"file=http://www.kqed.org/radio/archives/R201210150850a.xml\">\u003cembed width=\"335\" height=\"85\" type=\"application/x-shockwave-flash\" src=\"http://www.kqed.org/assets/flash/kqedplayer.swf\" flashvars=\"file=http://www.kqed.org/radio/archives/R201210150850a.xml\">\u003c/embed>\u003c/object>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/lowdown/4211/how-does-californias-tax-system-work-and-how-would-prop-30-change-it","authors":["1263"],"categories":["lowdown_245"],"tags":["lowdown_270","lowdown_268","lowdown_273","lowdown_199","lowdown_200","lowdown_123","lowdown_265"],"featImg":"lowdown_4227","label":"lowdown"},"lowdown_4414":{"type":"posts","id":"lowdown_4414","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"lowdown","id":"4414","score":null,"sort":[1351375384000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"what-do-young-voters-care-about","title":"What Do Young Voters Care About?","publishDate":1351375384,"format":"aside","headTitle":"The Lowdown | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"lowdown"},"content":"\u003cp>Roughly 46 million eligible voters this election are between 18 and 29 years old. That's a pretty serious voting block.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, what issues do young people care about? What are their ideas about government and the role it should play in our lives?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, rather than blindly hypothesizing, KQED decided to (gasp) actually ask them. Directly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In partnership with three other public media organizations on the West Coast, we launched a series called \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/election2012/2012/10/16/voices-of-young-voters/\" target=\"_blank\">“Voices of Young Voters\"\u003c/a>. This fall, we spent a bunch of time on college campuses around the Bay Area, asking young voters to weigh in on the issues they care most about in this election. Listen to to some of the responses below, and find many more \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/election2012/2012/10/16/voices-of-young-voters\" target=\"_blank\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fapi.soundcloud.com%2Ftracks%2F63515738&show_artwork=true&show_artwork=true&callback=reqwest_1&_=1351374656192\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fapi.soundcloud.com%2Ftracks%2F63206470&show_artwork=true&show_artwork=true&callback=reqwest_2&_=1351374872642\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fapi.soundcloud.com%2Ftracks%2F63274447&show_artwork=true&show_artwork=true&callback=reqwest_0&_=1351374758496\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fapi.soundcloud.com%2Ftracks%2F63210659&show_artwork=true&show_artwork=true&callback=reqwest_0&_=1351374775029\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fapi.soundcloud.com%2Ftracks%2F63199723&show_artwork=true&show_artwork=true&callback=reqwest_0&_=1351374788732\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fapi.soundcloud.com%2Ftracks%2F63200119&show_artwork=true&show_artwork=true&callback=reqwest_1&_=1351374841963\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fapi.soundcloud.com%2Ftracks%2F63208664&show_artwork=true&show_artwork=true&callback=reqwest_3&_=1351374907292\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1389743205,"stats":{"hasAudio":true,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":true,"iframeSrcs":["http://w.soundcloud.com/player/"],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":13,"wordCount":126},"headData":{"title":"What Do Young Voters Care About? | KQED","description":"Roughly 46 million eligible voters this election are between 18 and 29 years old. That's a pretty serious voting block. So, what issues do young people care about? What are their ideas about government and the role it should play in our lives? Well, rather than blindly hypothesizing, KQED decided to (gasp) actually ask them. Directly.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"What Do Young Voters Care About?","datePublished":"2012-10-27T22:03:04.000Z","dateModified":"2014-01-14T23:46:45.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"4414 http://blogs.kqed.org/lowdown/?p=4414","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2012/10/27/what-do-young-voters-care-about/","disqusTitle":"What Do Young Voters Care About?","path":"/lowdown/4414/what-do-young-voters-care-about","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Roughly 46 million eligible voters this election are between 18 and 29 years old. That's a pretty serious voting block.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, what issues do young people care about? What are their ideas about government and the role it should play in our lives?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, rather than blindly hypothesizing, KQED decided to (gasp) actually ask them. Directly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In partnership with three other public media organizations on the West Coast, we launched a series called \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/election2012/2012/10/16/voices-of-young-voters/\" target=\"_blank\">“Voices of Young Voters\"\u003c/a>. This fall, we spent a bunch of time on college campuses around the Bay Area, asking young voters to weigh in on the issues they care most about in this election. Listen to to some of the responses below, and find many more \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/election2012/2012/10/16/voices-of-young-voters\" target=\"_blank\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fapi.soundcloud.com%2Ftracks%2F63515738&show_artwork=true&show_artwork=true&callback=reqwest_1&_=1351374656192\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fapi.soundcloud.com%2Ftracks%2F63206470&show_artwork=true&show_artwork=true&callback=reqwest_2&_=1351374872642\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fapi.soundcloud.com%2Ftracks%2F63274447&show_artwork=true&show_artwork=true&callback=reqwest_0&_=1351374758496\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fapi.soundcloud.com%2Ftracks%2F63210659&show_artwork=true&show_artwork=true&callback=reqwest_0&_=1351374775029\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fapi.soundcloud.com%2Ftracks%2F63199723&show_artwork=true&show_artwork=true&callback=reqwest_0&_=1351374788732\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fapi.soundcloud.com%2Ftracks%2F63200119&show_artwork=true&show_artwork=true&callback=reqwest_1&_=1351374841963\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fapi.soundcloud.com%2Ftracks%2F63208664&show_artwork=true&show_artwork=true&callback=reqwest_3&_=1351374907292\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/lowdown/4414/what-do-young-voters-care-about","authors":["1263"],"categories":["lowdown_1"],"tags":["lowdown_268","lowdown_274","lowdown_103","lowdown_212"],"featImg":"lowdown_4423","label":"lowdown"},"lowdown_2044":{"type":"posts","id":"lowdown_2044","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"lowdown","id":"2044","score":null,"sort":[1337393442000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"prop-29-should-smoking-in-california-be-more-expensive","title":"Prop 29: Should Smoking in California Be More Expensive?","publishDate":1337393442,"format":"aside","headTitle":"The Lowdown | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"lowdown"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_2075\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2012/05/smoker.png\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-2075 \" title=\"smoker\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2012/05/smoker-300x280.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"280\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Jaus/Flickr\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That's the underlying question that Proposition 29 poses to California voters, who go to the polls in June to decide if smokers should pay an extra buck in taxes for a pack of cigarettes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What would Prop 29 do?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If passed, the measure - called the \u003ca href=\"http://californiansforacure.org/facts/Proposition29.pdf?_c=10l2owgdccpdcw1&sr_t=p\" target=\"_blank\">California Cancer Research Act\u003c/a> - would add an additional dollar to a pack of cigs and other tobacco products sold in California (amounting to five more cents/cigarette). It would more than double the current tobacco tax rate - the most dramatic increase in the state's history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.lao.ca.gov/ballot/2012/29_05_2012.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">estimated $735 million\u003c/a> (annually) in new revenue (adjusted for tax revenue lost from the projected decrease in sales) would go toward a special fund administered by an appointed committee to support research on cancer and other tobacco-related diseases, as well as prevention and enforcement initiatives. None of it would be used for medical treatment.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the measure passes, tobacco sales in California are predicted to decrease by as much as $1 billion a year. If the measure does NOT pass, the current cigarette tax of 87 cents would remain as is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cobject width=\"335\" height=\"85\" classid=\"d27cdb6e-ae6d-11cf-96b8-444553540000\" codebase=\"http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=6,0,40,0\">\u003cparam name=\"src\" value=\"http://www.kqed.org/assets/flash/kqedplayer.swf\">\u003cparam name=\"flashvars\" value=\"file=http://www.kqed.org/radio/archives/R201205210850a.xml\">\u003cembed width=\"335\" height=\"85\" type=\"application/x-shockwave-flash\" src=\"http://www.kqed.org/assets/flash/kqedplayer.swf\" flashvars=\"file=http://www.kqed.org/radio/archives/R201205210850a.xml\">\u003c/embed>\u003c/object>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Who likes it?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://californiansforacure.org/\" target=\"_blank\"> Californians for a Cure\u003c/a> is the group behind Prop 29. Co-chaired by former State Senate Pro Tem Don Perata and cycling legend Lance Armstrong, both cancer survivors, the group consists of a host of large health foundations, namely the American Cancer Society, the American Lung Association and the American Heart Association. The campaign argues that the new tax will save lives in California by significantly reducing smoking rates, especially among youth, and by funding cancer research. As of mid-May, it had \u003ca href=\"http://maplight.org/california/proposition/2012/june/prop-29/funding\" target=\"_blank\">raised about $8.5 million\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Who doesn't?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.noon29.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Californians Against Out-of-Control Taxes and Spending \u003c/a>is the campaign trying to defeat Prop 29. Supported by a number of anti-tax groups, it is funded primarily by major tobacco companies to the tune of nearly \u003ca href=\"http://maplight.org/california/proposition/2012/june/prop-29/funding\" target=\"_blank\">$40 million\u003c/a> (as of mid-May). The campaign, it's worth noting, is not trying to argue that cigarettes aren't bad for you or that there shouldn't be government prevention programs and cancer research efforts. Rather, it argues that the measure is fundamentally flawed - especially in the midst of the state's budget crisis - because it doesn't guarantee the additional revenue would stay in California, and creates a wasteful, unnecessary and unaccountable government bureaucracy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The campaign to defeat the measure, and the strategy of spending millions on a statewide advertising blitz against it, seems to be effective. Since March, the measure's approval rating among likely voters has dropped 14 points, according to a new statewide survey conducted by the nonpartisan \u003ca href=\"http://www.ppic.org/main/home.asp\" target=\"_blank\">Public Policy Institute of California\u003c/a>. As of late-May, 53 percent say they will vote yes, 42 percent say they will vote no, and 5 percent are undecided, the survey found. But back in March, before active campaigning around the measure began—67 percent supported it, 30 percent opposed it, and 3 percent were undecided.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Interestingly, though, when likely voters were asked the more general question about increasing taxes on cigarette purchases, 63 percent still said they were in favor and 33 percent were opposed. Responses to this question were similar in March (63% favor, 34% oppose).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The large drop in support for Proposition 29 speaks loudly about how a well-funded opposition is able to raise voters’ doubts and distrust in state government, even when a tax increase is viewed favorably,” says Mark Baldassare, PPIC president and CEO.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Bring on the ad wars\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just a sample of the many ads recently aired by the opposing campaigns:\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"float: left; width: 50%;\">[youtube=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fNHKfj04op4]\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv style=\"float: right; width: 50%;\">[https://youtu.be/WdBku7djC4s]\u003c/div>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How does California's tobacco tax compare to rates in other states?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California's current cigarette excise tax (an\u003cem> excise\u003c/em>, by the way, means a tax levied on specific commodities) is pretty low compared to most other states (18th lowest, to be precise): right now the tax here is 87 cents/pack, almost 60 cents lower than the national average and a whopping $3.50 less than in New York, whose tobacco tax is $4.35, the nation's highest. (New York City has an additional $1.50 tax, so an average pack of smokes there costs more than $11!). Taxes on tobacco products in California haven't increased in 14 years. We join Missouri and North Dakota as the only three states in the country that haven't increased them since 2000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smokers throughout the U.S. also pay a federal excise tax of about $1/pack on top of state taxes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How does California's smoking rate measure up to other states?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite its low taxes, California actually has the second lowest smoking rate in the country: just over 12 percent of adults. Compare that to the national rate of nearly 20 percent or one in five (the smoking rate among California's youth is slightly higher than it is among adults, but still far below the national average). The state's adult smoking rate has declined consistently over the last two decades, sparing more than 1 million lives and $86 billion, according to state health officials. In 2010, California's smoking rate reached a record low of 11.9 percent (it's risen slightly since), down from almost 26 percent in 1984. The most significant decrease occurred among adults ages 25 to 44. But while California's current smoking rate is significantly lower than many other parts of the country, there still are roughly 4.5 million adult smokers statewide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\">\u003cstrong>U.S. smoking rates by state\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cem>\u003cbr>\nClick on any state to see the percentage of adult smokers (2010 data) and the tobacco tax rate. The darker the shade of red, the higher the smoking rate.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.google.com/fusiontables/embedviz?viz=MAP&q=select+col3%3E%3E1+from+1UxQngyj51OJhNsLW_n4jR6rGY-FojopscGL7mD8&h=false&lat=40.08061205715073&lng=-87.06144062500006&z=3&t=1&l=col3%3E%3E1\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Data sources: Centers for Disease Control; Tax Foundation\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why is California's smoking rate so low?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\">There's obviously no single answer, but a number of policy measures have received a lot of credit. California has long been a trendsetter in local and state government smoking reduction efforts. In 1995 it placed a statewide ban on smoking in restaurants and workplaces, the first state to do so. Three years later, the ban was extended to bars. California has also spearheaded significant smoking prevention and education efforts, particularly geared towards youth. A 25-cent cigarette tax in 1998 created the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdph.ca.gov/programs/tobacco/pages/default.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">California Tobacco Control Program\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>, \u003c/strong>the first of its kind in the nation, charged with leading aggressive anti-smoking campaigns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\">\u003cstrong>What's the history of tobacco taxes in California?\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2012/05/SmokingRateChartAdults20101.png\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-2079 aligncenter\" title=\"SmokingRateChartAdults2010\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2012/05/SmokingRateChartAdults20101-620x337.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"465\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>1959: the state's first tobacco tax was passed by the legislature. It added 10 cents to the cost of a pack of cigarettes. The revenue went straight into the General Fund.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>1988: voters approved Prop 99, which added an additional 25-cent tax to fund tobacco prevention, education, and research programs.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>1993: a 2-cent tax enacted by the legislature created a fund for breast cancer research.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>1998: voters approved Prop 10, adding a 50-cent tax to fund early child development programs.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Last year, total state revenues from taxes on tobacco products were just over $900 million. California's last tobacco tax measure - Proposition 86 - appeared on the ballot in 2006, but was narrowly defeated. The opposing campaign spent nearly $67 million. The measure would have imposed an additional $2.60 per pack, giving California one of the highest tobacco tax rates in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Does raising taxes on tobacco products actually reduce smoking? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_2227\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2012/05/youthsmoking.png\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-2227\" title=\"youthsmoking\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2012/05/youthsmoking-300x195.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"195\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Source: California Department of Public Health\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Yes, according to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/media/mmwrnews/2012/0329.html#1\" target=\"_blank\">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention\u003c/a>. \"Increasing the price of cigarettes is one of the most reliable and effective ways to reduce smoking and prevent youth initiation,\" the agency reported in it Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report on March 29, 2012. The report added: \"The evidence indicates that further increases in cigarette excise taxes would continue to reduce the demand for cigarettes, thereby preventing youth initiation, reducing cigarette consumption, and decreasing the prevalence of smoking, particularly among youth and young adults. States can reduce cigarette use even further by investing excise tax revenue in tobacco prevention and control.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some economists, however, argue that high cigarette taxes can do more harm than good, drawing smokers to buy cigarettes in nearby states with significantly lower taxes and resulting in lost tax revenue for California. High costs, it's been noted, could also encourage a black market in cigarette sales, as has become common practice in \u003ca href=\"http://observer.com/2011/11/22/the-war-on-cigarette-taxation-and-why-the-city-is-losing/\" target=\"_blank\">New York City\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What are the economic and social costs of smoking in California?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even with California's relatively low smoking rate, the economic and social costs here are still pretty steep. In 2004 (when the adult smoking rate was14.6 percent), roughly 35 thousand deaths in California among adults aged 35 and older were attributed to smoking, according to the California Department of Public Health. That's eight times the number of deaths from all infectious diseases combined. The department estimates that the total adult health-related cost of smoking that same year was more than $18 billion. That includes $9.6 billion in direct health care costs associated with smoking and $8.5 billion in productivity losses dues to smoking-attributed early death or illness. The department estimates that if smokers were to pay for these related costs, a pack of cigarettes would need to be increased by $9.70.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Additional non-partisan resources on Prop 29 and tobacco use\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.lao.ca.gov/ballot/2012/29_05_2012.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">CA Legislative Analyst's Office \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://maplight.org/california/proposition/2012/june/prop-29\" target=\"_blank\">MapLight Voter Guide\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://voterguide.sos.ca.gov/propositions/29/\" target=\"_blank\">CA Secretary of State Voter Guide\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"www.cdph.ca.gov\" target=\"_blank\">California Department of Public Health\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/brfss/index.htm\" target=\"_blank\">U.S. Centers for Disease Control\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1485204970,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":true,"iframeSrcs":["https://www.google.com/fusiontables/embedviz"],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":32,"wordCount":1607},"headData":{"title":"Prop 29: Should Smoking in California Be More Expensive? | KQED","description":"That's the underlying question that Proposition 29 poses to California voters, who go to the polls in June to decide if smokers should pay an extra buck in taxes for a pack of cigarettes. What would Prop 29 do? If passed, the measure - called the California Cancer Research Act - would add an additional","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Prop 29: Should Smoking in California Be More Expensive?","datePublished":"2012-05-19T02:10:42.000Z","dateModified":"2017-01-23T20:56:10.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"2044 http://blogs.kqed.org/lowdown/?p=2044","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2012/05/18/prop-29-should-smoking-in-california-be-more-expensive/","disqusTitle":"Prop 29: Should Smoking in California Be More Expensive?","path":"/lowdown/2044/prop-29-should-smoking-in-california-be-more-expensive","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_2075\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2012/05/smoker.png\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-2075 \" title=\"smoker\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2012/05/smoker-300x280.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"280\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Jaus/Flickr\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That's the underlying question that Proposition 29 poses to California voters, who go to the polls in June to decide if smokers should pay an extra buck in taxes for a pack of cigarettes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What would Prop 29 do?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If passed, the measure - called the \u003ca href=\"http://californiansforacure.org/facts/Proposition29.pdf?_c=10l2owgdccpdcw1&sr_t=p\" target=\"_blank\">California Cancer Research Act\u003c/a> - would add an additional dollar to a pack of cigs and other tobacco products sold in California (amounting to five more cents/cigarette). It would more than double the current tobacco tax rate - the most dramatic increase in the state's history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.lao.ca.gov/ballot/2012/29_05_2012.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">estimated $735 million\u003c/a> (annually) in new revenue (adjusted for tax revenue lost from the projected decrease in sales) would go toward a special fund administered by an appointed committee to support research on cancer and other tobacco-related diseases, as well as prevention and enforcement initiatives. None of it would be used for medical treatment.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the measure passes, tobacco sales in California are predicted to decrease by as much as $1 billion a year. If the measure does NOT pass, the current cigarette tax of 87 cents would remain as is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cobject width=\"335\" height=\"85\" classid=\"d27cdb6e-ae6d-11cf-96b8-444553540000\" codebase=\"http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=6,0,40,0\">\u003cparam name=\"src\" value=\"http://www.kqed.org/assets/flash/kqedplayer.swf\">\u003cparam name=\"flashvars\" value=\"file=http://www.kqed.org/radio/archives/R201205210850a.xml\">\u003cembed width=\"335\" height=\"85\" type=\"application/x-shockwave-flash\" src=\"http://www.kqed.org/assets/flash/kqedplayer.swf\" flashvars=\"file=http://www.kqed.org/radio/archives/R201205210850a.xml\">\u003c/embed>\u003c/object>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Who likes it?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://californiansforacure.org/\" target=\"_blank\"> Californians for a Cure\u003c/a> is the group behind Prop 29. Co-chaired by former State Senate Pro Tem Don Perata and cycling legend Lance Armstrong, both cancer survivors, the group consists of a host of large health foundations, namely the American Cancer Society, the American Lung Association and the American Heart Association. The campaign argues that the new tax will save lives in California by significantly reducing smoking rates, especially among youth, and by funding cancer research. As of mid-May, it had \u003ca href=\"http://maplight.org/california/proposition/2012/june/prop-29/funding\" target=\"_blank\">raised about $8.5 million\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Who doesn't?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.noon29.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Californians Against Out-of-Control Taxes and Spending \u003c/a>is the campaign trying to defeat Prop 29. Supported by a number of anti-tax groups, it is funded primarily by major tobacco companies to the tune of nearly \u003ca href=\"http://maplight.org/california/proposition/2012/june/prop-29/funding\" target=\"_blank\">$40 million\u003c/a> (as of mid-May). The campaign, it's worth noting, is not trying to argue that cigarettes aren't bad for you or that there shouldn't be government prevention programs and cancer research efforts. Rather, it argues that the measure is fundamentally flawed - especially in the midst of the state's budget crisis - because it doesn't guarantee the additional revenue would stay in California, and creates a wasteful, unnecessary and unaccountable government bureaucracy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The campaign to defeat the measure, and the strategy of spending millions on a statewide advertising blitz against it, seems to be effective. Since March, the measure's approval rating among likely voters has dropped 14 points, according to a new statewide survey conducted by the nonpartisan \u003ca href=\"http://www.ppic.org/main/home.asp\" target=\"_blank\">Public Policy Institute of California\u003c/a>. As of late-May, 53 percent say they will vote yes, 42 percent say they will vote no, and 5 percent are undecided, the survey found. But back in March, before active campaigning around the measure began—67 percent supported it, 30 percent opposed it, and 3 percent were undecided.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Interestingly, though, when likely voters were asked the more general question about increasing taxes on cigarette purchases, 63 percent still said they were in favor and 33 percent were opposed. Responses to this question were similar in March (63% favor, 34% oppose).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The large drop in support for Proposition 29 speaks loudly about how a well-funded opposition is able to raise voters’ doubts and distrust in state government, even when a tax increase is viewed favorably,” says Mark Baldassare, PPIC president and CEO.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Bring on the ad wars\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just a sample of the many ads recently aired by the opposing campaigns:\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"float: left; width: 50%;\">\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/fNHKfj04op4'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/fNHKfj04op4'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv style=\"float: right; width: 50%;\">[https://youtu.be/WdBku7djC4s]\u003c/div>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How does California's tobacco tax compare to rates in other states?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California's current cigarette excise tax (an\u003cem> excise\u003c/em>, by the way, means a tax levied on specific commodities) is pretty low compared to most other states (18th lowest, to be precise): right now the tax here is 87 cents/pack, almost 60 cents lower than the national average and a whopping $3.50 less than in New York, whose tobacco tax is $4.35, the nation's highest. (New York City has an additional $1.50 tax, so an average pack of smokes there costs more than $11!). Taxes on tobacco products in California haven't increased in 14 years. We join Missouri and North Dakota as the only three states in the country that haven't increased them since 2000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smokers throughout the U.S. also pay a federal excise tax of about $1/pack on top of state taxes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How does California's smoking rate measure up to other states?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite its low taxes, California actually has the second lowest smoking rate in the country: just over 12 percent of adults. Compare that to the national rate of nearly 20 percent or one in five (the smoking rate among California's youth is slightly higher than it is among adults, but still far below the national average). The state's adult smoking rate has declined consistently over the last two decades, sparing more than 1 million lives and $86 billion, according to state health officials. In 2010, California's smoking rate reached a record low of 11.9 percent (it's risen slightly since), down from almost 26 percent in 1984. The most significant decrease occurred among adults ages 25 to 44. But while California's current smoking rate is significantly lower than many other parts of the country, there still are roughly 4.5 million adult smokers statewide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\">\u003cstrong>U.S. smoking rates by state\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cem>\u003cbr>\nClick on any state to see the percentage of adult smokers (2010 data) and the tobacco tax rate. The darker the shade of red, the higher the smoking rate.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.google.com/fusiontables/embedviz?viz=MAP&q=select+col3%3E%3E1+from+1UxQngyj51OJhNsLW_n4jR6rGY-FojopscGL7mD8&h=false&lat=40.08061205715073&lng=-87.06144062500006&z=3&t=1&l=col3%3E%3E1\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Data sources: Centers for Disease Control; Tax Foundation\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why is California's smoking rate so low?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\">There's obviously no single answer, but a number of policy measures have received a lot of credit. California has long been a trendsetter in local and state government smoking reduction efforts. In 1995 it placed a statewide ban on smoking in restaurants and workplaces, the first state to do so. Three years later, the ban was extended to bars. California has also spearheaded significant smoking prevention and education efforts, particularly geared towards youth. A 25-cent cigarette tax in 1998 created the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdph.ca.gov/programs/tobacco/pages/default.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">California Tobacco Control Program\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>, \u003c/strong>the first of its kind in the nation, charged with leading aggressive anti-smoking campaigns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\">\u003cstrong>What's the history of tobacco taxes in California?\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2012/05/SmokingRateChartAdults20101.png\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-2079 aligncenter\" title=\"SmokingRateChartAdults2010\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2012/05/SmokingRateChartAdults20101-620x337.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"465\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>1959: the state's first tobacco tax was passed by the legislature. It added 10 cents to the cost of a pack of cigarettes. The revenue went straight into the General Fund.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>1988: voters approved Prop 99, which added an additional 25-cent tax to fund tobacco prevention, education, and research programs.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>1993: a 2-cent tax enacted by the legislature created a fund for breast cancer research.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>1998: voters approved Prop 10, adding a 50-cent tax to fund early child development programs.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Last year, total state revenues from taxes on tobacco products were just over $900 million. California's last tobacco tax measure - Proposition 86 - appeared on the ballot in 2006, but was narrowly defeated. The opposing campaign spent nearly $67 million. The measure would have imposed an additional $2.60 per pack, giving California one of the highest tobacco tax rates in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Does raising taxes on tobacco products actually reduce smoking? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_2227\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2012/05/youthsmoking.png\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-2227\" title=\"youthsmoking\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2012/05/youthsmoking-300x195.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"195\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Source: California Department of Public Health\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Yes, according to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/media/mmwrnews/2012/0329.html#1\" target=\"_blank\">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention\u003c/a>. \"Increasing the price of cigarettes is one of the most reliable and effective ways to reduce smoking and prevent youth initiation,\" the agency reported in it Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report on March 29, 2012. The report added: \"The evidence indicates that further increases in cigarette excise taxes would continue to reduce the demand for cigarettes, thereby preventing youth initiation, reducing cigarette consumption, and decreasing the prevalence of smoking, particularly among youth and young adults. States can reduce cigarette use even further by investing excise tax revenue in tobacco prevention and control.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some economists, however, argue that high cigarette taxes can do more harm than good, drawing smokers to buy cigarettes in nearby states with significantly lower taxes and resulting in lost tax revenue for California. High costs, it's been noted, could also encourage a black market in cigarette sales, as has become common practice in \u003ca href=\"http://observer.com/2011/11/22/the-war-on-cigarette-taxation-and-why-the-city-is-losing/\" target=\"_blank\">New York City\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What are the economic and social costs of smoking in California?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even with California's relatively low smoking rate, the economic and social costs here are still pretty steep. In 2004 (when the adult smoking rate was14.6 percent), roughly 35 thousand deaths in California among adults aged 35 and older were attributed to smoking, according to the California Department of Public Health. That's eight times the number of deaths from all infectious diseases combined. The department estimates that the total adult health-related cost of smoking that same year was more than $18 billion. That includes $9.6 billion in direct health care costs associated with smoking and $8.5 billion in productivity losses dues to smoking-attributed early death or illness. The department estimates that if smokers were to pay for these related costs, a pack of cigarettes would need to be increased by $9.70.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Additional non-partisan resources on Prop 29 and tobacco use\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.lao.ca.gov/ballot/2012/29_05_2012.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">CA Legislative Analyst's Office \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://maplight.org/california/proposition/2012/june/prop-29\" target=\"_blank\">MapLight Voter Guide\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://voterguide.sos.ca.gov/propositions/29/\" target=\"_blank\">CA Secretary of State Voter Guide\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"www.cdph.ca.gov\" target=\"_blank\">California Department of Public Health\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/brfss/index.htm\" target=\"_blank\">U.S. Centers for Disease Control\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/lowdown/2044/prop-29-should-smoking-in-california-be-more-expensive","authors":["7343"],"categories":["lowdown_245","lowdown_256","lowdown_242"],"tags":["lowdown_268","lowdown_281","lowdown_119","lowdown_254","lowdown_273","lowdown_118","lowdown_121","lowdown_120","lowdown_265"],"featImg":"lowdown_2075","label":"lowdown"},"lowdown_1412":{"type":"posts","id":"lowdown_1412","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"lowdown","id":"1412","score":null,"sort":[1332457642000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"whats-a-park-worth","title":"What's A Park Worth?","publishDate":1332457642,"format":"aside","headTitle":"The Lowdown | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"lowdown"},"content":"\u003cblockquote>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1211\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 257px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2012/03/Natural-Bridges-SB.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-1211 \" title=\"Natural-Bridges-SB\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2012/03/Natural-Bridges-SB-300x91.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"257\" height=\"170\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Natural-Bridges State Beach, near Santa Cruz (credit: Ca. Dept. of Parks and Recreation)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\"These state parks are our cathedrals. This is what defines us as Californians to the rest of the world. But they are not cheap to run. And so I think Californians need to decide whether it's worth it to them to save these parks ... I think it begs a much deeper question of what we value as Californians.\u003c/em>\"\u003cbr>\n- Ruth Coleman, California state parks director\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->Last year Gov. Jerry Brown announced that \u003ca href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=26685\" target=\"_blank\">70 of California's state parks\u003c/a> would permanently close by July 1, 2012. The proposal, intended to save the state about $22 million, would reduce the state's vast 278-site park system by roughly 25 percent, the first time California has ever considered such a massive shutdown of public lands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cobject width=\"335\" height=\"85\">\u003cparam name=\"flashvars\" value=\"file=http://www.kqed.org/radio/archives/R201203050850a.xml\">\u003cparam name=\"src\" value=\"http://www.kqed.org/assets/flash/kqedplayer.swf\">\u003cembed width=\"335\" height=\"85\" type=\"application/x-shockwave-flash\" src=\"http://www.kqed.org/assets/flash/kqedplayer.swf\" flashvars=\"file=http://www.kqed.org/radio/archives/R201203050850a.xml\">\u003c/embed>\u003c/object>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Some parks saved\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of mid-March, 10 of the 70 parks had been saved from imminent closure, mostly through private donations. \u003ca href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=538\" target=\"_blank\">Castle Rock State Park\u003c/a>, a sweeping expanse of more than 5,000 acres in the Santa Cruz mountains, was the latest site spared from the chopping block, after a private environmental group put up $250,000 to keep it open for at least another year. While these last minute private-public partnerships have been welcomed by the government, some state parks supporters view them warily, concerned that private influence will change the nature of what was created as a fundamentally public-owned institution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cobject width=\"335\" height=\"85\">\u003cparam name=\"flashvars\" value=\"file=http://www.kqed.org/radio/archives/R201202270850a.xml\">\u003cparam name=\"src\" value=\"http://www.kqed.org/assets/flash/kqedplayer.swf\">\u003cembed width=\"335\" height=\"85\" type=\"application/x-shockwave-flash\" src=\"http://www.kqed.org/assets/flash/kqedplayer.swf\" flashvars=\"file=http://www.kqed.org/radio/archives/R201202270850a.xml\">\u003c/embed>\u003c/object>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In July, when the remaining 60 parks on the list are slated to shut down, the gates will remain open and people can still enter the property (partly in an effort to discourage vandalism and illegal activity that could result from complete abandonment). However, there will be no services available. That means no restrooms, no maintenance staff, no rangers, no emergency services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1206\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2012/03/Big_Basin_Redwood_State_Park_Rowan-Dick-_543442.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-1206 \" title=\"Big Basin Redwood State Park (credit: Dick Rowan)\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2012/03/Big_Basin_Redwood_State_Park_Rowan-Dick-_543442-300x204.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"204\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Big Basin Redwood State Park (credit: Dick Rowan)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The closure list includes towering redwood groves, stretches of pristine oceanfront, vast desert landscapes, and almost half of all the historic sites in the state's system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think of it as unprecedented,\" says Joseph H. Engbeck, Jr., a veteran California's state parks writer and historian.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two years ago Californian's had the opportunity to prevent this situation. In 2010, voters turned down a ballot measure that would have increased annual vehicle licensing fees by $18. Proposition 21, had it passed, would have generated $500 million for the parks system, and kept all current sites open and running. But the $18 out-of-pocket fee swayed the majority of voters from supporting the measure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A sign of government dissatisfaction\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Engbeck argues that the measure's defeat was not so much an indication of how much people value their parks, as it was a sign of increasing dissatisfaction with government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People have become disgusted with government, rightly or wrongly,\" he notes. \"And it's rubbed off on the issue. People love parks, but they're still a part of government.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>So ... what is a park worth?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that brings up some important questions: How much do parks really matter? And how much are they worth? Right now California's in the midst of a pretty major financial crisis; across the state, the unemployment rate is one of the highest in the nation and our state's government is struggling to adequately provide\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1208\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 257px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2012/03/P0070012_PortolaRedwoods.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-1208 \" title=\"P0070012_PortolaRedwoods\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2012/03/P0070012_PortolaRedwoods-300x91.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"257\" height=\"170\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Portola Redwoods State Park (credit: CDPR)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>even some of the most basic services. So,\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>how much sense does it really make to use precious funds to keep open a bunch of parks?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A whole lot more than you'd think, says Engbeck.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it’s more important than a lot of essential services,” he argues. \"There’s urgent, and then there's important. State parks are important but not urgent. If you think about the role of parks in overall society … you pretty quickly get to the place of, hey, this is a really important function of government.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California's state parks, he adds, are a way of \"preserving precious natural places, remembering who we have been and how we got to where we are, and of recognizing our various mistakes and successes.\" Closing them down puts us on a \"path toward becoming a poor state.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Lincoln and the first park\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Engbeck references an oft-overlooked watershed moment in the evolution of America's protected public lands. The year was 1864. The Civil War was raging. And in the midst of the crisis, President Abraham Lincoln quietly authorized a federal land grant that ceded the entire Yosemite Valley and surrounding area to the State of California. The act created the first state park in the nation (which, ironically, was poorly managed and later receded back to the U.S. government as part of the newly founded Yosemite National Park).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He knew that more people would be more likely to support the Union if they were proud of their homeland,\" Engbeck says. “Parks give people a feeling of belonging and pride. They're not required, but they're more important than lots of things that are required.\"\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1359765662,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":25,"wordCount":857},"headData":{"title":"What's A Park Worth? | KQED","description":""These state parks are our cathedrals. This is what defines us as Californians to the rest of the world. But they are not cheap to run. And so I think Californians need to decide whether it's worth it to them to save these parks ... I think it begs a much deeper question of what","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"What's A Park Worth?","datePublished":"2012-03-22T23:07:22.000Z","dateModified":"2013-02-02T00:41:02.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"1412 http://blogs.kqed.org/lowdown/?p=1412","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2012/03/22/whats-a-park-worth/","disqusTitle":"What's A Park Worth?","path":"/lowdown/1412/whats-a-park-worth","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cblockquote>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1211\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 257px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2012/03/Natural-Bridges-SB.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-1211 \" title=\"Natural-Bridges-SB\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2012/03/Natural-Bridges-SB-300x91.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"257\" height=\"170\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Natural-Bridges State Beach, near Santa Cruz (credit: Ca. Dept. of Parks and Recreation)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\"These state parks are our cathedrals. This is what defines us as Californians to the rest of the world. But they are not cheap to run. And so I think Californians need to decide whether it's worth it to them to save these parks ... I think it begs a much deeper question of what we value as Californians.\u003c/em>\"\u003cbr>\n- Ruth Coleman, California state parks director\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->Last year Gov. Jerry Brown announced that \u003ca href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=26685\" target=\"_blank\">70 of California's state parks\u003c/a> would permanently close by July 1, 2012. The proposal, intended to save the state about $22 million, would reduce the state's vast 278-site park system by roughly 25 percent, the first time California has ever considered such a massive shutdown of public lands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cobject width=\"335\" height=\"85\">\u003cparam name=\"flashvars\" value=\"file=http://www.kqed.org/radio/archives/R201203050850a.xml\">\u003cparam name=\"src\" value=\"http://www.kqed.org/assets/flash/kqedplayer.swf\">\u003cembed width=\"335\" height=\"85\" type=\"application/x-shockwave-flash\" src=\"http://www.kqed.org/assets/flash/kqedplayer.swf\" flashvars=\"file=http://www.kqed.org/radio/archives/R201203050850a.xml\">\u003c/embed>\u003c/object>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Some parks saved\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of mid-March, 10 of the 70 parks had been saved from imminent closure, mostly through private donations. \u003ca href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=538\" target=\"_blank\">Castle Rock State Park\u003c/a>, a sweeping expanse of more than 5,000 acres in the Santa Cruz mountains, was the latest site spared from the chopping block, after a private environmental group put up $250,000 to keep it open for at least another year. While these last minute private-public partnerships have been welcomed by the government, some state parks supporters view them warily, concerned that private influence will change the nature of what was created as a fundamentally public-owned institution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cobject width=\"335\" height=\"85\">\u003cparam name=\"flashvars\" value=\"file=http://www.kqed.org/radio/archives/R201202270850a.xml\">\u003cparam name=\"src\" value=\"http://www.kqed.org/assets/flash/kqedplayer.swf\">\u003cembed width=\"335\" height=\"85\" type=\"application/x-shockwave-flash\" src=\"http://www.kqed.org/assets/flash/kqedplayer.swf\" flashvars=\"file=http://www.kqed.org/radio/archives/R201202270850a.xml\">\u003c/embed>\u003c/object>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In July, when the remaining 60 parks on the list are slated to shut down, the gates will remain open and people can still enter the property (partly in an effort to discourage vandalism and illegal activity that could result from complete abandonment). However, there will be no services available. That means no restrooms, no maintenance staff, no rangers, no emergency services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1206\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2012/03/Big_Basin_Redwood_State_Park_Rowan-Dick-_543442.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-1206 \" title=\"Big Basin Redwood State Park (credit: Dick Rowan)\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2012/03/Big_Basin_Redwood_State_Park_Rowan-Dick-_543442-300x204.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"204\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Big Basin Redwood State Park (credit: Dick Rowan)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The closure list includes towering redwood groves, stretches of pristine oceanfront, vast desert landscapes, and almost half of all the historic sites in the state's system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think of it as unprecedented,\" says Joseph H. Engbeck, Jr., a veteran California's state parks writer and historian.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two years ago Californian's had the opportunity to prevent this situation. In 2010, voters turned down a ballot measure that would have increased annual vehicle licensing fees by $18. Proposition 21, had it passed, would have generated $500 million for the parks system, and kept all current sites open and running. But the $18 out-of-pocket fee swayed the majority of voters from supporting the measure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A sign of government dissatisfaction\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Engbeck argues that the measure's defeat was not so much an indication of how much people value their parks, as it was a sign of increasing dissatisfaction with government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People have become disgusted with government, rightly or wrongly,\" he notes. \"And it's rubbed off on the issue. People love parks, but they're still a part of government.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>So ... what is a park worth?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that brings up some important questions: How much do parks really matter? And how much are they worth? Right now California's in the midst of a pretty major financial crisis; across the state, the unemployment rate is one of the highest in the nation and our state's government is struggling to adequately provide\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1208\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 257px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2012/03/P0070012_PortolaRedwoods.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-1208 \" title=\"P0070012_PortolaRedwoods\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2012/03/P0070012_PortolaRedwoods-300x91.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"257\" height=\"170\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Portola Redwoods State Park (credit: CDPR)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>even some of the most basic services. So,\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>how much sense does it really make to use precious funds to keep open a bunch of parks?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A whole lot more than you'd think, says Engbeck.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it’s more important than a lot of essential services,” he argues. \"There’s urgent, and then there's important. State parks are important but not urgent. If you think about the role of parks in overall society … you pretty quickly get to the place of, hey, this is a really important function of government.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California's state parks, he adds, are a way of \"preserving precious natural places, remembering who we have been and how we got to where we are, and of recognizing our various mistakes and successes.\" Closing them down puts us on a \"path toward becoming a poor state.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Lincoln and the first park\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Engbeck references an oft-overlooked watershed moment in the evolution of America's protected public lands. The year was 1864. The Civil War was raging. And in the midst of the crisis, President Abraham Lincoln quietly authorized a federal land grant that ceded the entire Yosemite Valley and surrounding area to the State of California. The act created the first state park in the nation (which, ironically, was poorly managed and later receded back to the U.S. government as part of the newly founded Yosemite National Park).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He knew that more people would be more likely to support the Union if they were proud of their homeland,\" Engbeck says. “Parks give people a feeling of belonging and pride. They're not required, but they're more important than lots of things that are required.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/lowdown/1412/whats-a-park-worth","authors":["1263"],"categories":["lowdown_1"],"tags":["lowdown_268","lowdown_303","lowdown_98","lowdown_273","lowdown_301","lowdown_38","lowdown_302","lowdown_304"],"label":"lowdown"},"lowdown_1243":{"type":"posts","id":"lowdown_1243","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"lowdown","id":"1243","score":null,"sort":[1331084857000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"why-facebooks-ipo-will-bring-in-some-serious-cash-and-whos-going-to-get-rich","title":"Why Facebook Went Public (and how it made one graffiti artist stinkin' rich)","publishDate":1331084857,"format":"aside","headTitle":"The Lowdown | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"lowdown"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1379\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 257px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2012/03/facebookipo20120201-e1331065687780-300x2101.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-1379 \" title=\"facebookipo20120201-e1331065687780-300x210\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2012/03/facebookipo20120201-e1331065687780-300x2101.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"257\" height=\"170\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Facebook CEO announces his company's plan to go public (credit: Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When Facebook filed for an Initial Public Offering (IPO) in February, Mark Zuckerberg \u003ca href=\"http://abcnews.go.com/blogs/technology/2012/02/facebook-ipo-mark-zuckerbergs-letter/\">wrote a public letter\u003c/a> outlining Facebook’s mission: to bring the world closer together. With the additional investment money that an IPO would bring, he explained, Facebook would have the resources to better reach that goal.\u003cbr>\nOr, to put it another way, when Facebook goes public, it stands to make a whole lot of money. IPO’s can be a good way for companies\u003cbr>\nto have access to a lot of funding fast,\u003c!--more--> expand their businesses quickly and, in theory at least, make even more money (remember that whole \"you gotta spend money to make money\" thing?).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Think about some of the recent Facebook features like Timeline, Newsfeed, or video-chatting. More investment in Facebook means more innovations that can be more quickly designed, implemented, and, most importantly, turned into profitable applications.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>So what's Facebook actually worth?\u003c/strong>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Keep in mind that the “I” in IPO refers to just the \u003cem>initial\u003c/em> chance that a company going public has to raise cash. Facebook is hoping to get as much as $10 billion from their upcoming IPO (the company will likely go public by early summer). Not too shabby, right? But that’s only a fraction of what the company actually thinks it's worth. And therein lies the big question ... How much?\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">In 2005, a graffiti artist painted Facebook's office walls and got paid in stock options that soon will be worth about $200 million.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>No one really knows for sure. The company made \u003ca href=\"http://www.forbes.com/sites/tomiogeron/2012/02/01/facebooks-5-billion-ipo-filing-3-7-billion-in-2011-revenue/\" target=\"_blank\">$3.7 billion in 2011\u003c/a>, but that's nowhere near how much industry experts think the company is \u003cem>actually worth\u003c/em> or what it will be worth in the near future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In going public, Facebook has to open its accounting books and let outsiders finally get a better sense of how much the company makes and how it makes it. From there, investors will speculate its actual worth. Experts are already anticipating that Facebook’s \u003cem>actual\u003c/em> value will be somewhere \u003ca href=\"http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-02-23/facebook-insiders-limit-ipo-by-pushing-100-billion-value-tech.html\" target=\"_blank\">between $75 billion and $100 billion\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To put that number in perspective (assuming it's reasonably accurate): if Facebook were a country, it'd have the 59th highest gross domestic product (GDP) in the world, putting it between Vietnam and Morocco!\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>Why will this make some Facebook staffers very rich?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Similar to what happens in many start-up companies, Facebook offered some of its first wave of employees a small percentage of ownership (shares) in the company in lieu of big salaries (which it couldn't afford to pay at that point). The idea rests on the hope that some day the business becomes really successful and goes public, and those employees then get to cash in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that's exactly what seems to be on the verge of happening. Big time..\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As long as Facebook remains a private company, those stock options aren't worth diddly because the company has no stock market value. But with its likely very lucrative IPO in sight, that $100 billion price tag suddenly becomes relevant. And all of a sudden, those employees who for years have been sitting on seemingly worthless stock have really big smiles on their faces.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>The Breakdown\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Imagine if you were one of those early Facebook workers and were given, say, 1% ownership in the company? If the company actually ends up being worth $100 billion, you'd suddenly be sitting on $1 billion in shares. Not too shabby!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now to be clear, not \u003cem>all\u003c/em> Facebook employees will get super-rich. A majority of the company's roughly 3,000 staff don't have hefty stock options built into their contracts. But, a lot of them do! It's been widely estimated that \u003ca href=\"http://www.businessinsider.com/these-people-will-be-fabulously-wealthy-after-facebooks-ipo-2012-2\" target=\"_blank\">Facebook's IPO will create about 1,000 millionaires and a dozen billionaires \u003c/a>among its employees and early investors ... pretty much overnight!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, for instance, take Mike Schroepfer, Facebook's vice president of engineering. He owns a little over 2 million shares in the company, which sounds like a lot, but it's only about .1 percent of the total. Now assuming the company is actually worth between $75 and $100 billion (let's split the difference and call it $87.5 billion), that'd make Schroepfer's holdings worth about $98 million! (source: \u003ca href=\"http://www.businessinsider.com/these-people-will-be-fabulously-wealthy-after-facebooks-ipo-2012-2#facebook-vp-of-engineering-mike-schroepfer-has-a-stake-worth-nearly-100-million-3\" target=\"_blank\">Business Insider\u003c/a>). And then you have Zuckerberg himself - the majority shareholder, who owns almost 30 percent of the company. What does that amount to in stock? Try $25 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>The world's richest graffiti artist?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Remember that not all of these people are actually Facebook employees. Some of them are early investors in the company (those guys who took the initial risk and gave Zuckerberg and his pals a bunch of start-up funding). And then there are a handful of folks with some random, quirky connection to Facebook and now stand to cash in big. Take, for instance, graffiti artist David Choe who was hired in 2005 to paint some wall murals in Facebook’s first headquarters. Back then, though, the company hadn't made much money, so offered to pay Choe in stock instead of cash. He did the job, got some stock, and now \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/02/technology/for-founders-to-decorators-facebook-riches.html\" target=\"_blank\">stands to make about $200 million\u003c/a>. So much for the starving artist.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Does California stand to benefit?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Facebook’s headquarters are located in Palo Alto, and most of the overnight millionaire/billionaire employees live\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>in state. As a company based in California, Facebook will pay taxes to the state, and as residents, it’s employees will pay a state income tax, which is proportionate to what they make.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For cash-strapped California, this is potentially really good news. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.lao.ca.gov/analysis/2012/update/economic-revenue-update-022712.aspx\">state's Legislative Analyst’s Office\u003c/a> predicts that California could receive as much as $2.45 billion in taxes from Facebook over the next 3 years after the company goes public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-size: 11px;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;color: #808080;margin-top: 5px;background: transparent;text-align: center;width: 512px\">Watch \u003ca href=\"http://video.pbs.org/video/2192201847\" target=\"_blank\">Facebook IPO: Putting a Value on Social Media Giant\u003c/a> on PBS. See more from \u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/newshour/\" target=\"_blank\">PBS NewsHour.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1432177262,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":18,"wordCount":1018},"headData":{"title":"Why Facebook Went Public (and how it made one graffiti artist stinkin' rich) | KQED","description":"When Facebook filed for an Initial Public Offering (IPO) in February, Mark Zuckerberg wrote a public letter outlining Facebook’s mission: to bring the world closer together. With the additional investment money that an IPO would bring, he explained, Facebook would have the resources to better reach that goal. Or, to put it another way, when","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Why Facebook Went Public (and how it made one graffiti artist stinkin' rich)","datePublished":"2012-03-07T01:47:37.000Z","dateModified":"2015-05-21T03:01:02.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"1243 http://blogs.kqed.org/lowdown/?p=1243","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2012/03/06/why-facebooks-ipo-will-bring-in-some-serious-cash-and-whos-going-to-get-rich/","disqusTitle":"Why Facebook Went Public (and how it made one graffiti artist stinkin' rich)","path":"/lowdown/1243/why-facebooks-ipo-will-bring-in-some-serious-cash-and-whos-going-to-get-rich","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1379\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 257px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2012/03/facebookipo20120201-e1331065687780-300x2101.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-1379 \" title=\"facebookipo20120201-e1331065687780-300x210\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2012/03/facebookipo20120201-e1331065687780-300x2101.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"257\" height=\"170\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Facebook CEO announces his company's plan to go public (credit: Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When Facebook filed for an Initial Public Offering (IPO) in February, Mark Zuckerberg \u003ca href=\"http://abcnews.go.com/blogs/technology/2012/02/facebook-ipo-mark-zuckerbergs-letter/\">wrote a public letter\u003c/a> outlining Facebook’s mission: to bring the world closer together. With the additional investment money that an IPO would bring, he explained, Facebook would have the resources to better reach that goal.\u003cbr>\nOr, to put it another way, when Facebook goes public, it stands to make a whole lot of money. IPO’s can be a good way for companies\u003cbr>\nto have access to a lot of funding fast,\u003c!--more--> expand their businesses quickly and, in theory at least, make even more money (remember that whole \"you gotta spend money to make money\" thing?).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Think about some of the recent Facebook features like Timeline, Newsfeed, or video-chatting. More investment in Facebook means more innovations that can be more quickly designed, implemented, and, most importantly, turned into profitable applications.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>So what's Facebook actually worth?\u003c/strong>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Keep in mind that the “I” in IPO refers to just the \u003cem>initial\u003c/em> chance that a company going public has to raise cash. Facebook is hoping to get as much as $10 billion from their upcoming IPO (the company will likely go public by early summer). Not too shabby, right? But that’s only a fraction of what the company actually thinks it's worth. And therein lies the big question ... How much?\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">In 2005, a graffiti artist painted Facebook's office walls and got paid in stock options that soon will be worth about $200 million.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>No one really knows for sure. The company made \u003ca href=\"http://www.forbes.com/sites/tomiogeron/2012/02/01/facebooks-5-billion-ipo-filing-3-7-billion-in-2011-revenue/\" target=\"_blank\">$3.7 billion in 2011\u003c/a>, but that's nowhere near how much industry experts think the company is \u003cem>actually worth\u003c/em> or what it will be worth in the near future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In going public, Facebook has to open its accounting books and let outsiders finally get a better sense of how much the company makes and how it makes it. From there, investors will speculate its actual worth. Experts are already anticipating that Facebook’s \u003cem>actual\u003c/em> value will be somewhere \u003ca href=\"http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-02-23/facebook-insiders-limit-ipo-by-pushing-100-billion-value-tech.html\" target=\"_blank\">between $75 billion and $100 billion\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To put that number in perspective (assuming it's reasonably accurate): if Facebook were a country, it'd have the 59th highest gross domestic product (GDP) in the world, putting it between Vietnam and Morocco!\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>Why will this make some Facebook staffers very rich?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Similar to what happens in many start-up companies, Facebook offered some of its first wave of employees a small percentage of ownership (shares) in the company in lieu of big salaries (which it couldn't afford to pay at that point). The idea rests on the hope that some day the business becomes really successful and goes public, and those employees then get to cash in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that's exactly what seems to be on the verge of happening. Big time..\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As long as Facebook remains a private company, those stock options aren't worth diddly because the company has no stock market value. But with its likely very lucrative IPO in sight, that $100 billion price tag suddenly becomes relevant. And all of a sudden, those employees who for years have been sitting on seemingly worthless stock have really big smiles on their faces.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>The Breakdown\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Imagine if you were one of those early Facebook workers and were given, say, 1% ownership in the company? If the company actually ends up being worth $100 billion, you'd suddenly be sitting on $1 billion in shares. Not too shabby!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now to be clear, not \u003cem>all\u003c/em> Facebook employees will get super-rich. A majority of the company's roughly 3,000 staff don't have hefty stock options built into their contracts. But, a lot of them do! It's been widely estimated that \u003ca href=\"http://www.businessinsider.com/these-people-will-be-fabulously-wealthy-after-facebooks-ipo-2012-2\" target=\"_blank\">Facebook's IPO will create about 1,000 millionaires and a dozen billionaires \u003c/a>among its employees and early investors ... pretty much overnight!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, for instance, take Mike Schroepfer, Facebook's vice president of engineering. He owns a little over 2 million shares in the company, which sounds like a lot, but it's only about .1 percent of the total. Now assuming the company is actually worth between $75 and $100 billion (let's split the difference and call it $87.5 billion), that'd make Schroepfer's holdings worth about $98 million! (source: \u003ca href=\"http://www.businessinsider.com/these-people-will-be-fabulously-wealthy-after-facebooks-ipo-2012-2#facebook-vp-of-engineering-mike-schroepfer-has-a-stake-worth-nearly-100-million-3\" target=\"_blank\">Business Insider\u003c/a>). And then you have Zuckerberg himself - the majority shareholder, who owns almost 30 percent of the company. What does that amount to in stock? Try $25 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>The world's richest graffiti artist?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Remember that not all of these people are actually Facebook employees. Some of them are early investors in the company (those guys who took the initial risk and gave Zuckerberg and his pals a bunch of start-up funding). And then there are a handful of folks with some random, quirky connection to Facebook and now stand to cash in big. Take, for instance, graffiti artist David Choe who was hired in 2005 to paint some wall murals in Facebook’s first headquarters. Back then, though, the company hadn't made much money, so offered to pay Choe in stock instead of cash. He did the job, got some stock, and now \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/02/technology/for-founders-to-decorators-facebook-riches.html\" target=\"_blank\">stands to make about $200 million\u003c/a>. So much for the starving artist.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Does California stand to benefit?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Facebook’s headquarters are located in Palo Alto, and most of the overnight millionaire/billionaire employees live\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>in state. As a company based in California, Facebook will pay taxes to the state, and as residents, it’s employees will pay a state income tax, which is proportionate to what they make.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For cash-strapped California, this is potentially really good news. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.lao.ca.gov/analysis/2012/update/economic-revenue-update-022712.aspx\">state's Legislative Analyst’s Office\u003c/a> predicts that California could receive as much as $2.45 billion in taxes from Facebook over the next 3 years after the company goes public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-size: 11px;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;color: #808080;margin-top: 5px;background: transparent;text-align: center;width: 512px\">Watch \u003ca href=\"http://video.pbs.org/video/2192201847\" target=\"_blank\">Facebook IPO: Putting a Value on Social Media Giant\u003c/a> on PBS. See more from \u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/newshour/\" target=\"_blank\">PBS NewsHour.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/lowdown/1243/why-facebooks-ipo-will-bring-in-some-serious-cash-and-whos-going-to-get-rich","authors":["7343"],"categories":["lowdown_245","lowdown_256","lowdown_2363","lowdown_2401"],"tags":["lowdown_268","lowdown_95","lowdown_89","lowdown_305","lowdown_87","lowdown_273","lowdown_265"],"featImg":"lowdown_1256","label":"lowdown"},"lowdown_1223":{"type":"posts","id":"lowdown_1223","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"lowdown","id":"1223","score":null,"sort":[1331066169000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"ipos-investment-firms-and-stocks-oh-my-explaining-the-business-of-business","title":"IPOs, Investments, and Stocks, Oh My! Explaining the Business of Business","publishDate":1331066169,"format":"aside","headTitle":"The Lowdown | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"lowdown"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_17898\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2012/03/New-York-Stock-Exchange-Quotes.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-17898 size-large\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2012/03/New-York-Stock-Exchange-Quotes-1440x957.jpg\" alt=\"nyc.com\" width=\"640\" height=\"425\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2012/03/New-York-Stock-Exchange-Quotes-1440x957.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2012/03/New-York-Stock-Exchange-Quotes-400x266.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2012/03/New-York-Stock-Exchange-Quotes-800x532.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2012/03/New-York-Stock-Exchange-Quotes-1180x784.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2012/03/New-York-Stock-Exchange-Quotes-960x638.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2012/03/New-York-Stock-Exchange-Quotes.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">nyc.com\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Since 2004, when Mark Zuckerberg launched the first version of Facebook from his college dorm room, the company has been privately-owned. That means that only a handful of people - Zuckerberg, a bunch of his early co-workers, and a few private investment firms - owned shares (parts) in the company. This February, though, Facebook announced it was going “public,” which opens the door for outside investors to start thinking about buying into it.\u003c!--more--> Facebook’s stock is expected to be available for purchase by May or June of this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>What's the difference between public and private companies?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>All companies need start-up money (investments or loans) to get going. Private companies use private money (duh!). Some cash may come from the owners of the company, but most of it usually comes from either banks, who give loans and receive interest, or from businesses called venture capital firms that invest in new private companies and make money on their returns if the companies end up doing well (or lose that money if the company flops).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But just about anyone with some extra cash can invest in public companies. A private company may decide to go public if it needs more investment money to expand its business. When a private company decides to go public, it files for an \u003cem>IPO - Initial Public Offering\u003c/em>. The company is basically divided into tiny little equal units (aka stocks) and each unit is given a monetary value based on how much the company is worth at that moment. Outside investors are then allowed to purchase various amounts of stock through the stock market. Whoever buys any portion of stock in the company becomes stock holder. That means that individual investors stand to make money if the company does well, or lose money if it doesn’t. Sounds kind of like a blackjack table, right?\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>What happens at the stock market?\u003c/strong>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>The stock market is the place where public companies are bought and sold by investors. When a company goes public, its stock is assigned a value that depends on how well the company’s business is doing. Investors decide which companies to buy stock in and how many individual shares of stock to purchase. The smartest investors generally identify relatively new companies that have a lot of potential, but that aren't yet worth that much money. So the stock still has a low value.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A good example of this is Google before it exploded. When the company had first gone public, the value of their stock was much lower than it is now, so those who bought into it early did well for themselves once the company starting making tons of money. In the past few years, of course, Google stock has gotten, and stayed, super expensive, so buying it isn’t necessarily as good a deal now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1443548250,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":7,"wordCount":489},"headData":{"title":"IPOs, Investments, and Stocks, Oh My! Explaining the Business of Business | KQED","description":"Since 2004, when Mark Zuckerberg launched the first version of Facebook from his college dorm room, the company has been privately-owned. That means that only a handful of people - Zuckerberg, a bunch of his early co-workers, and a few private investment firms - owned shares (parts) in the company. This February, though, Facebook announced","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"IPOs, Investments, and Stocks, Oh My! Explaining the Business of Business","datePublished":"2012-03-06T20:36:09.000Z","dateModified":"2015-09-29T17:37:30.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"1223 http://blogs.kqed.org/lowdown/?p=1223","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2012/03/06/ipos-investment-firms-and-stocks-oh-my-explaining-the-business-of-business/","disqusTitle":"IPOs, Investments, and Stocks, Oh My! Explaining the Business of Business","path":"/lowdown/1223/ipos-investment-firms-and-stocks-oh-my-explaining-the-business-of-business","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_17898\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2012/03/New-York-Stock-Exchange-Quotes.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-17898 size-large\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2012/03/New-York-Stock-Exchange-Quotes-1440x957.jpg\" alt=\"nyc.com\" width=\"640\" height=\"425\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2012/03/New-York-Stock-Exchange-Quotes-1440x957.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2012/03/New-York-Stock-Exchange-Quotes-400x266.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2012/03/New-York-Stock-Exchange-Quotes-800x532.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2012/03/New-York-Stock-Exchange-Quotes-1180x784.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2012/03/New-York-Stock-Exchange-Quotes-960x638.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2012/03/New-York-Stock-Exchange-Quotes.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">nyc.com\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Since 2004, when Mark Zuckerberg launched the first version of Facebook from his college dorm room, the company has been privately-owned. That means that only a handful of people - Zuckerberg, a bunch of his early co-workers, and a few private investment firms - owned shares (parts) in the company. This February, though, Facebook announced it was going “public,” which opens the door for outside investors to start thinking about buying into it.\u003c!--more--> Facebook’s stock is expected to be available for purchase by May or June of this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>What's the difference between public and private companies?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>All companies need start-up money (investments or loans) to get going. Private companies use private money (duh!). Some cash may come from the owners of the company, but most of it usually comes from either banks, who give loans and receive interest, or from businesses called venture capital firms that invest in new private companies and make money on their returns if the companies end up doing well (or lose that money if the company flops).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But just about anyone with some extra cash can invest in public companies. A private company may decide to go public if it needs more investment money to expand its business. When a private company decides to go public, it files for an \u003cem>IPO - Initial Public Offering\u003c/em>. The company is basically divided into tiny little equal units (aka stocks) and each unit is given a monetary value based on how much the company is worth at that moment. Outside investors are then allowed to purchase various amounts of stock through the stock market. Whoever buys any portion of stock in the company becomes stock holder. That means that individual investors stand to make money if the company does well, or lose money if it doesn’t. Sounds kind of like a blackjack table, right?\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>What happens at the stock market?\u003c/strong>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>The stock market is the place where public companies are bought and sold by investors. When a company goes public, its stock is assigned a value that depends on how well the company’s business is doing. Investors decide which companies to buy stock in and how many individual shares of stock to purchase. The smartest investors generally identify relatively new companies that have a lot of potential, but that aren't yet worth that much money. So the stock still has a low value.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A good example of this is Google before it exploded. When the company had first gone public, the value of their stock was much lower than it is now, so those who bought into it early did well for themselves once the company starting making tons of money. In the past few years, of course, Google stock has gotten, and stayed, super expensive, so buying it isn’t necessarily as good a deal now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/lowdown/1223/ipos-investment-firms-and-stocks-oh-my-explaining-the-business-of-business","authors":["7343"],"categories":["lowdown_1"],"tags":["lowdown_268","lowdown_89","lowdown_87","lowdown_88"],"featImg":"lowdown_17898","label":"lowdown"},"lowdown_953":{"type":"posts","id":"lowdown_953","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"lowdown","id":"953","score":null,"sort":[1328920618000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"super-pacs-political-fundraising-on-steroids","title":"Super PACs Explained: Political Fundraising On Steroids","publishDate":1328920618,"format":"standard","headTitle":"The Lowdown | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"lowdown"},"content":"\u003cp>If there's anything you need to remember about U.S. campaign finance law, it's this:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For almost every set rule, there is most likely a loophole for getting around that rule.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keeping track of America's campaign finance laws is really difficult. Why? \u003c!--more-->Because they change so much!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take a quick scroll through this \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=121293380\" target=\"_blank\">NPR timeline\u003c/a> to get a sense of just how ridiculously fickle the process has been over the last century. It's an epic and confusing ping-pong match between advocates of spending limits and clever political strategists who find ways to get around - or flat-out challenge - those rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>And in this corner ... the Super PAC!\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>The most recent, and controversial, example of doing a reverse course on once-established campaign law comes in the form of the super PAC (political action committee). Illegal as recently as the 2008 presidential election, super PACs came into legitimate existence after the Supreme Court ruled two years ago that corporate campaign contributions are indeed a form of free speech (read more about that here), and have already played a major role in the current presidential race. Essentially, they allow candidates to carry out what is best described as the \"Tony Soprano strategy\": keep your hands clean and let your friends in the shadows beat the crap out of your rivals for you.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Super PACs are loosely regulated independent organizations that can accept UNLIMITED contributions directly from corporations, unions, and wealthy individuals. The groups can then use as much of that money as they want to buy political ads that support a particular candidate - usually in the form of attacks against that candidate's opponent - as long as the money is spent independently of the candidate's campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Super PACs open the floodgates to what is being considered the biggest wave of unlimited corporate spending and influence ever seen in the American political system. While there are still strict contribution limits for giving directly to a candidate or a political party, the super PAC pretty much allows wealthy people and organizations - aka special interests - to get around existing spending rules so as to significantly influence the outcome of elections. Super PACs are popping up like weeds, and the big one's are almost all generously funded by a very small number of super wealthy Americans and corporations. And while the groups do have to eventually disclose who their donors are, they can delay doing so for long periods of time, often until after the election.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Everyone's doing it!\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>All the current Republican candidates in this election have active Super PACs working on their behalf, with intentionally vague names that bear no mention to a candidate. For instance, the biggest super PAC, which supports Mitt Romney, is simply called \u003ca href=\"http://restoreourfuture.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Restore Our Future\u003c/a>. It's already raised more than $30 million and spent over half of that. In Iowa, before the caucus vote there, the group saturated the local airwaves with millions of dollars of attack ads aimed primarily at Newt Gingrich, the initial front runner. In the end, Gingrich came in fourth place in Iowa. \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2011/12/31/us/politics/20111231-donate.html?ref=campaignfinance\" target=\"_blank\">Check out a selection of Restore our Future's many attack ads here (NY Times)\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are currently 318 super PACs, according to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/summ.php?cycle=2012&chrt=V&disp=O&type=S\" target=\"_blank\">Center for Responsive Politics\u003c/a>. They've collectively raised close to $100 million almost half that amount already (with eight months remaining the general election!). Even President Obama, who spoke out strongly against Super PACs when they were first allowed, just announced that he's encouraging his supporters to form one and start raising money for it.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Fuzzy rules\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>So what's the catch? The only major stipulation is that the super PACs are not allowed to \"coordinate\" with the candidates or campaigns they're helping out. It's a pretty fuzzy line, though, because a candidate can still help raise money for a super PAC, as long as he doesn't tell it what to do with the money. And in almost all circumstance, super PACs are run by the same people who have spent years working for the candidate. Yet, because of the required disconnect, candidates can remain completely unaccountable when one of their Super PACs produces an attack that presents potentially false information about a rival.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Some fun interactive resources\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://elections.nytimes.com/2012/guide-to-political-donations\" target=\"_blank\">A guide to political donations (NY Times) \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://projects.propublica.org/pactrack/#state=AZ\" target=\"_blank\">Tracking what the super PACs are spending (Pro Publica)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://thecaucus.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/01/20/interactive-graphic-tracking-independent-spending/\" target=\"_blank\">Tracking independent spending (NY Times)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2012/02/01/146224370/interactive-2012-campaign-cash-week-by-week\" target=\"_blank\">A chart of week-by-week campaign spending (NPR)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1432164890,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":14,"wordCount":751},"headData":{"title":"Super PACs Explained: Political Fundraising On Steroids | KQED","description":"If there's anything you need to remember about U.S. campaign finance law, it's this: For almost every set rule, there is most likely a loophole for getting around that rule.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Super PACs Explained: Political Fundraising On Steroids","datePublished":"2012-02-11T00:36:58.000Z","dateModified":"2015-05-20T23:34:50.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"953 http://blogs.kqed.org/lowdown/?p=953","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2012/02/10/super-pacs-political-fundraising-on-steroids/","disqusTitle":"Super PACs Explained: Political Fundraising On Steroids","videoEmbed":"https://youtu.be/JH7xfjbostk","path":"/lowdown/953/super-pacs-political-fundraising-on-steroids","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>If there's anything you need to remember about U.S. campaign finance law, it's this:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For almost every set rule, there is most likely a loophole for getting around that rule.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keeping track of America's campaign finance laws is really difficult. Why? \u003c!--more-->Because they change so much!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take a quick scroll through this \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=121293380\" target=\"_blank\">NPR timeline\u003c/a> to get a sense of just how ridiculously fickle the process has been over the last century. It's an epic and confusing ping-pong match between advocates of spending limits and clever political strategists who find ways to get around - or flat-out challenge - those rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>And in this corner ... the Super PAC!\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>The most recent, and controversial, example of doing a reverse course on once-established campaign law comes in the form of the super PAC (political action committee). Illegal as recently as the 2008 presidential election, super PACs came into legitimate existence after the Supreme Court ruled two years ago that corporate campaign contributions are indeed a form of free speech (read more about that here), and have already played a major role in the current presidential race. Essentially, they allow candidates to carry out what is best described as the \"Tony Soprano strategy\": keep your hands clean and let your friends in the shadows beat the crap out of your rivals for you.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Super PACs are loosely regulated independent organizations that can accept UNLIMITED contributions directly from corporations, unions, and wealthy individuals. The groups can then use as much of that money as they want to buy political ads that support a particular candidate - usually in the form of attacks against that candidate's opponent - as long as the money is spent independently of the candidate's campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Super PACs open the floodgates to what is being considered the biggest wave of unlimited corporate spending and influence ever seen in the American political system. While there are still strict contribution limits for giving directly to a candidate or a political party, the super PAC pretty much allows wealthy people and organizations - aka special interests - to get around existing spending rules so as to significantly influence the outcome of elections. Super PACs are popping up like weeds, and the big one's are almost all generously funded by a very small number of super wealthy Americans and corporations. And while the groups do have to eventually disclose who their donors are, they can delay doing so for long periods of time, often until after the election.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Everyone's doing it!\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>All the current Republican candidates in this election have active Super PACs working on their behalf, with intentionally vague names that bear no mention to a candidate. For instance, the biggest super PAC, which supports Mitt Romney, is simply called \u003ca href=\"http://restoreourfuture.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Restore Our Future\u003c/a>. It's already raised more than $30 million and spent over half of that. In Iowa, before the caucus vote there, the group saturated the local airwaves with millions of dollars of attack ads aimed primarily at Newt Gingrich, the initial front runner. In the end, Gingrich came in fourth place in Iowa. \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2011/12/31/us/politics/20111231-donate.html?ref=campaignfinance\" target=\"_blank\">Check out a selection of Restore our Future's many attack ads here (NY Times)\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are currently 318 super PACs, according to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/summ.php?cycle=2012&chrt=V&disp=O&type=S\" target=\"_blank\">Center for Responsive Politics\u003c/a>. They've collectively raised close to $100 million almost half that amount already (with eight months remaining the general election!). Even President Obama, who spoke out strongly against Super PACs when they were first allowed, just announced that he's encouraging his supporters to form one and start raising money for it.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Fuzzy rules\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>So what's the catch? The only major stipulation is that the super PACs are not allowed to \"coordinate\" with the candidates or campaigns they're helping out. It's a pretty fuzzy line, though, because a candidate can still help raise money for a super PAC, as long as he doesn't tell it what to do with the money. And in almost all circumstance, super PACs are run by the same people who have spent years working for the candidate. Yet, because of the required disconnect, candidates can remain completely unaccountable when one of their Super PACs produces an attack that presents potentially false information about a rival.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Some fun interactive resources\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://elections.nytimes.com/2012/guide-to-political-donations\" target=\"_blank\">A guide to political donations (NY Times) \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://projects.propublica.org/pactrack/#state=AZ\" target=\"_blank\">Tracking what the super PACs are spending (Pro Publica)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://thecaucus.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/01/20/interactive-graphic-tracking-independent-spending/\" target=\"_blank\">Tracking independent spending (NY Times)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2012/02/01/146224370/interactive-2012-campaign-cash-week-by-week\" target=\"_blank\">A chart of week-by-week campaign spending (NPR)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/lowdown/953/super-pacs-political-fundraising-on-steroids","authors":["1263"],"categories":["lowdown_245","lowdown_2393","lowdown_2391"],"tags":["lowdown_268","lowdown_185","lowdown_273","lowdown_190","lowdown_80","lowdown_265"],"featImg":"lowdown_17827","label":"lowdown"},"lowdown_170":{"type":"posts","id":"lowdown_170","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"lowdown","id":"170","score":null,"sort":[1322076884000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"whats-so-fair-about-fair-housing-laws","title":"What's So Fair About Fair Housing Laws?","publishDate":1322076884,"format":"standard","headTitle":"The Lowdown | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"lowdown"},"content":"\u003cp>In the 1960s Congress began enacting a series of civil rights laws intended to (among other things) protect certain classes of home-buyers or renters from discriminatory housing practices, and to help increase the supply and access of housing for lower income and underrepresented populations.\u003c!--more--> Known as “fair housing” legislation, the laws are administered and executed by the\u003ca href=\"http://portal.hud.gov/hudportal/HUD?src=/program_offices/fair_housing_equal_opp\" target=\"_blank\"> U.S. Housing and Urban Development’s office of Fair Housing and Equal Opportunity (FHEO)\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perhaps most prominent among them is the \u003ca href=\"http://www.justice.gov/crt/about/hce/title8.php\">Fair Housing Act\u003c/a>, a part of the Civil Rights Act of 1968 that President Johnson signed exactly a week after the assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr. As amended, the act prohibits discrimination in the sale, rental and financing of dwellings (homes of any kind) based on race, color, national origin, religion, gender, familial status, or disability. Essentially this means that a landlord or home seller can’t refuse a potential renter or buyer based on these bases. Interestingly, sexual orientation or gender identity is not included in the federal law, although it considered a protected class under the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fehc.ca.gov/act/pdf/FEHA_Outline.pdf\">California’s Fair Employment and Housing Act\u003c/a>.\u003cbr>\nMarin County was recently found to be out of compliance with federal fair housing laws. How so?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s actually more an issue of what they \u003cem>didn’t\u003c/em> do, and how that can actually restrict housing choices to minority classes protected under federal and state housing laws. Here’s how:\u003cbr>\nMarin recently received a large pot of federal funding as part of a \u003ca href=\"http://portal.hud.gov/hudportal/HUD?src=/program_offices/comm_planning/communitydevelopment/programs\">Community Development Block Grant\u003c/a>. The grants are part of a HUD program meant to help local governments provide decent affordable housing services and jobs in lower income communities. In determining how the funds would be used, Marin was required to actively solicit and incorporate input from residents of its lower income and minority communities, and HUD alleged that the county did not do enough outreach to ensure that a representative swath of the population was included in the planning process. Marin also failed to provide HUD with an adequate demographic data profile (racial, ethnic, gender, disability) on who would benefit from the funds. Put simply: their record keeping wasn't up to snuff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anne Quesada, the director of HUD’s regional Fair Housing and Equal Opportunity center, explains it like this: “Because they weren’t collecting or submitting accurate demographics from those getting direct benefits of the money, we couldn’t tell who was participating or benefiting from it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a recipient of these funds, she adds, Marin must demonstrate that it is “affirmatively furthering fair housing” and that it has identified the “impediments to fair housing choice.” A crucial part of doing that is to demonstrate that the county isn’t just slapping up a bunch of affordable housing that's concentrated in just a few locations, the county must show that it is making proactive efforts to increase housing access throughout the jurisdiction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>HUD charged that Marin failed to comply with \u003ca href=\"http://www.justice.gov/crt/about/cor/coord/titlevi.php\">Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964\u003c/a> as well as two other federal anti-discrimination statutes. Collectively, the laws prohibit discrimination (on the basis of race, color, national origin, gender, disability, or religion) within programs and activities that receive federal funding. The county has already agreed to take action to increase accessibility to the county for minorities and other lower income.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marin has one of the most expensive housing markets in the country. The county is 80 percent white, according to \u003ca href=\"http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/06/06041.html\">2010 Census data\u003c/a>, with seven of the ten whitest communities in the Bay Area. Much of its small black and Hispanic population is concentrated in just areas: Marin City and San Rafael's Canal District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Interestingly, Quesada says that similar instances of noncompliance by local government recipients are pretty common and, in most cases, fairly easy to rectify. Marin has since entered into a voluntary compliance agreement and last month submitted a document to HUD titled “\u003ca href=\"http://www.co.marin.ca.us/comdev/comdev/FEDERAL/ai/ai-esr-bos-10-11-11.pdf\">Analysis of Impediments to Fair Housing Choice” (AI)\u003c/a>, which the agency will review by the end of the year. Among the fair housing impediments Marin included in its report: strict zoning ordinances; restrictions on high-density, multi-family housing; insufficient outreach to non-English speakers, predatory lending practices; and negative stereotypes about low income residents with Section 8 vouchers.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nWhat does “fair housing” have to do with “affordable housing\"?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nExplicitly, not that much; no federal law mandates local governments to create specific numbers of affordable homes in their communities. In fact, under fair housing laws (both nationally and in California) landlords can lawfully discriminate against tenants with low incomes or bad credit histories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That said, though, when local governments do receive CDBG grants and other housing funds, the money is explicitly intended to serve the needs of lower income and minority communities by increasing supply and access to affordable housing options throughout a jurisdiction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you do build affordable housing, we’re interested in where you place housing,” notes Quesada. “Is it a good area? Is it a sustainable area? Who is benefiting?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nOnline fair housing resources\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://portal.hud.gov/hudportal/HUD?src=/program_offices/fair_housing_equal_opphttp://portal.hud.gov/hudportal/HUD?src=/program_offices/fair_housing_equal_opp\">HUD’s Office of Fair Housing and Equal Opportunity\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://portal.hud.gov/hudportal/HUD?src=/program_offices/fair_housing_equal_opp/FHLaws\">HUD’s List of Fair Housing Laws\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://portal.hud.gov/hudportal/HUD?src=/program_offices/comm_planning/communitydevelopment/programs\">HUD’s Community Development Block Grant Program\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://fairhousing.com/\">National Fair Housing Advocate\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.realtor.org/library/library/fg705\">National Association of Realtor Fair Housing Field Guide\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1438359694,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":13,"wordCount":909},"headData":{"title":"What's So Fair About Fair Housing Laws? | KQED","description":"In the 1960s Congress began enacting a series of civil rights laws intended to (among other things) protect certain classes of home-buyers or renters from discriminatory housing practices, and to help increase the supply and access of housing for lower income and underrepresented populations.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"What's So Fair About Fair Housing Laws?","datePublished":"2011-11-23T19:34:44.000Z","dateModified":"2015-07-31T16:21:34.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"170 http://blogs.kqed.org/lowdown/?p=170","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2011/11/23/whats-so-fair-about-fair-housing-laws/","disqusTitle":"What's So Fair About Fair Housing Laws?","path":"/lowdown/170/whats-so-fair-about-fair-housing-laws","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In the 1960s Congress began enacting a series of civil rights laws intended to (among other things) protect certain classes of home-buyers or renters from discriminatory housing practices, and to help increase the supply and access of housing for lower income and underrepresented populations.\u003c!--more--> Known as “fair housing” legislation, the laws are administered and executed by the\u003ca href=\"http://portal.hud.gov/hudportal/HUD?src=/program_offices/fair_housing_equal_opp\" target=\"_blank\"> U.S. Housing and Urban Development’s office of Fair Housing and Equal Opportunity (FHEO)\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perhaps most prominent among them is the \u003ca href=\"http://www.justice.gov/crt/about/hce/title8.php\">Fair Housing Act\u003c/a>, a part of the Civil Rights Act of 1968 that President Johnson signed exactly a week after the assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr. As amended, the act prohibits discrimination in the sale, rental and financing of dwellings (homes of any kind) based on race, color, national origin, religion, gender, familial status, or disability. Essentially this means that a landlord or home seller can’t refuse a potential renter or buyer based on these bases. Interestingly, sexual orientation or gender identity is not included in the federal law, although it considered a protected class under the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fehc.ca.gov/act/pdf/FEHA_Outline.pdf\">California’s Fair Employment and Housing Act\u003c/a>.\u003cbr>\nMarin County was recently found to be out of compliance with federal fair housing laws. How so?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s actually more an issue of what they \u003cem>didn’t\u003c/em> do, and how that can actually restrict housing choices to minority classes protected under federal and state housing laws. Here’s how:\u003cbr>\nMarin recently received a large pot of federal funding as part of a \u003ca href=\"http://portal.hud.gov/hudportal/HUD?src=/program_offices/comm_planning/communitydevelopment/programs\">Community Development Block Grant\u003c/a>. The grants are part of a HUD program meant to help local governments provide decent affordable housing services and jobs in lower income communities. In determining how the funds would be used, Marin was required to actively solicit and incorporate input from residents of its lower income and minority communities, and HUD alleged that the county did not do enough outreach to ensure that a representative swath of the population was included in the planning process. Marin also failed to provide HUD with an adequate demographic data profile (racial, ethnic, gender, disability) on who would benefit from the funds. Put simply: their record keeping wasn't up to snuff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anne Quesada, the director of HUD’s regional Fair Housing and Equal Opportunity center, explains it like this: “Because they weren’t collecting or submitting accurate demographics from those getting direct benefits of the money, we couldn’t tell who was participating or benefiting from it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a recipient of these funds, she adds, Marin must demonstrate that it is “affirmatively furthering fair housing” and that it has identified the “impediments to fair housing choice.” A crucial part of doing that is to demonstrate that the county isn’t just slapping up a bunch of affordable housing that's concentrated in just a few locations, the county must show that it is making proactive efforts to increase housing access throughout the jurisdiction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>HUD charged that Marin failed to comply with \u003ca href=\"http://www.justice.gov/crt/about/cor/coord/titlevi.php\">Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964\u003c/a> as well as two other federal anti-discrimination statutes. Collectively, the laws prohibit discrimination (on the basis of race, color, national origin, gender, disability, or religion) within programs and activities that receive federal funding. The county has already agreed to take action to increase accessibility to the county for minorities and other lower income.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marin has one of the most expensive housing markets in the country. The county is 80 percent white, according to \u003ca href=\"http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/06/06041.html\">2010 Census data\u003c/a>, with seven of the ten whitest communities in the Bay Area. Much of its small black and Hispanic population is concentrated in just areas: Marin City and San Rafael's Canal District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Interestingly, Quesada says that similar instances of noncompliance by local government recipients are pretty common and, in most cases, fairly easy to rectify. Marin has since entered into a voluntary compliance agreement and last month submitted a document to HUD titled “\u003ca href=\"http://www.co.marin.ca.us/comdev/comdev/FEDERAL/ai/ai-esr-bos-10-11-11.pdf\">Analysis of Impediments to Fair Housing Choice” (AI)\u003c/a>, which the agency will review by the end of the year. Among the fair housing impediments Marin included in its report: strict zoning ordinances; restrictions on high-density, multi-family housing; insufficient outreach to non-English speakers, predatory lending practices; and negative stereotypes about low income residents with Section 8 vouchers.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nWhat does “fair housing” have to do with “affordable housing\"?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nExplicitly, not that much; no federal law mandates local governments to create specific numbers of affordable homes in their communities. In fact, under fair housing laws (both nationally and in California) landlords can lawfully discriminate against tenants with low incomes or bad credit histories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That said, though, when local governments do receive CDBG grants and other housing funds, the money is explicitly intended to serve the needs of lower income and minority communities by increasing supply and access to affordable housing options throughout a jurisdiction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you do build affordable housing, we’re interested in where you place housing,” notes Quesada. “Is it a good area? Is it a sustainable area? Who is benefiting?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nOnline fair housing resources\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://portal.hud.gov/hudportal/HUD?src=/program_offices/fair_housing_equal_opphttp://portal.hud.gov/hudportal/HUD?src=/program_offices/fair_housing_equal_opp\">HUD’s Office of Fair Housing and Equal Opportunity\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://portal.hud.gov/hudportal/HUD?src=/program_offices/fair_housing_equal_opp/FHLaws\">HUD’s List of Fair Housing Laws\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://portal.hud.gov/hudportal/HUD?src=/program_offices/comm_planning/communitydevelopment/programs\">HUD’s Community Development Block Grant Program\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://fairhousing.com/\">National Fair Housing Advocate\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.realtor.org/library/library/fg705\">National Association of Realtor Fair Housing Field Guide\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/lowdown/170/whats-so-fair-about-fair-housing-laws","authors":["1263"],"categories":["lowdown_2390","lowdown_2378","lowdown_1"],"tags":["lowdown_21","lowdown_268","lowdown_50","lowdown_52","lowdown_54","lowdown_48","lowdown_310","lowdown_53","lowdown_273"],"featImg":"lowdown_17861","label":"lowdown"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. 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You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. 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Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.","airtime":"THU 10pm, FRI 1am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Commonwealth Club of California"},"link":"/radio/program/commonwealth-club","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"}},"considerthis":{"id":"considerthis","title":"Consider This","tagline":"Make sense of the day","info":"Make sense of the day. Every weekday afternoon, Consider This helps you consider the major stories of the day in less than 15 minutes, featuring the reporting and storytelling resources of NPR. 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You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn","officialWebsiteLink":"/mindshift/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"2"},"link":"/podcasts/mindshift","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"}},"morning-edition":{"id":"morning-edition","title":"Morning Edition","info":"\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.","airtime":"MON-FRI 3am-9am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/morning-edition"},"onourwatch":{"id":"onourwatch","title":"On Our Watch","tagline":"Police secrets, unsealed","info":"For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. 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