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Jon is also a playwright whose work has been produced in San Francisco, New York, Italy, and around the U.S. He has written about film for his own blog and studied film at Boston University.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/98887f7ed1c876ed414d4c915e969584?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"jbrooksfoy","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"arts","roles":["Contributor","editor"]},{"site":"news","roles":["author"]},{"site":"futureofyou","roles":["administrator"]},{"site":"mindshift","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"stateofhealth","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"science","roles":["administrator"]},{"site":"quest","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Jon Brooks | KQED","description":"Digital Editor","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/98887f7ed1c876ed414d4c915e969584?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/98887f7ed1c876ed414d4c915e969584?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/jbrooks"},"lindseyhoshaw":{"type":"authors","id":"5432","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"5432","found":true},"name":"Lindsey Hoshaw","firstName":"Lindsey","lastName":"Hoshaw","slug":"lindseyhoshaw","email":"lhoshaw@kqed.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":"KQED Contributor","bio":"Lindsey Hoshaw is a former interactive producer for KQED Science. Before joining KQED, Lindsey was a science correspondent for The New York Times, The Boston Globe, Forbes and Scientific American. On Twitter @lindseyhoshaw","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/274b07694c998eaa8f26cfabaa941186?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"lindseyhoshaw","facebook":"lindsey.hoshaw.9","instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"arts","roles":["author"]},{"site":"news","roles":["subscriber"]},{"site":"futureofyou","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"bayareabites","roles":["contributor"]},{"site":"stateofhealth","roles":["author"]},{"site":"science","roles":["edit_theme_options","subscriber"]},{"site":"quest","roles":["edit_post_subscriptions","edit_usergroups","unfiltered_html","unfiltered_upload","leadcoordinator","editor"]},{"site":"food","roles":["contributor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Lindsey Hoshaw | KQED","description":"KQED Contributor","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/274b07694c998eaa8f26cfabaa941186?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/274b07694c998eaa8f26cfabaa941186?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/lindseyhoshaw"},"mpickett":{"type":"authors","id":"6616","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"6616","found":true},"name":"Mallory Pickett","firstName":"Mallory","lastName":"Pickett","slug":"mpickett","email":"mallorypickett@gmail.com","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"Mallory Pickett is an intern with KQED Science, where she mostly contributes to Deep Look. Before coming to KQED Mallory was a chemist, studying climate change and ocean acidification in her graduate studies at UC San Diego and Scripps Institution of Oceanography. Now she works as a freelance science and environmental reporter in Berkeley, California, and is also a student at the UC Berkeley Graduate School of Journalism.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/76041fb6f98596f1792b3673c61c09be?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"futureofyou","roles":["author"]},{"site":"science","roles":["author"]}],"headData":{"title":"Mallory Pickett | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/76041fb6f98596f1792b3673c61c09be?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/76041fb6f98596f1792b3673c61c09be?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/mpickett"},"jscott":{"type":"authors","id":"8664","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"8664","found":true},"name":"Julia Scott","firstName":"Julia","lastName":"Scott","slug":"jscott","email":"jscott@kqed.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":"KQED Contributor","bio":"Julia Scott is a former editor with KQED News. Prior to KQED, she was an editor with \u003cem>Crosscurrents\u003c/em> at KALW Radio in San Francisco. As a freelance reporter, she has filed stories for \u003cem>The California Report, Marketplace, Nautilus\u003c/em> and \u003cem>The New York Times Magazine.\u003c/em>\r\n\r\nPrior to her work in radio, Julia was an environmental reporter for the \u003cem>San Jose Mercury News\u003c/em> and Bay Area News Group, where her work was recognized with awards from the California Newspaper Publishers Association and the Society of Professional Journalists. Her radio honors include awards and citations from the Sony Radio Academy Awards and the National Lesbian and Gay Journalists Association.\r\n\r\nJulia hails from Montreal, Canada and lives in Oakland. She is the editor of the humor collection\u003cem> DRIVEL: Deliciously Bad Writing by Your Favorite Authors.\u003c/em>","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/7fe25e0cf81dec2d4f74f1d4737a2871?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"juliascribe","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"arts","roles":["administrator"]},{"site":"news","roles":["subscriber"]},{"site":"futureofyou","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"science","roles":["administrator"]}],"headData":{"title":"Julia Scott | KQED","description":"KQED Contributor","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/7fe25e0cf81dec2d4f74f1d4737a2871?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/7fe25e0cf81dec2d4f74f1d4737a2871?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/jscott"},"lesleymcclurg":{"type":"authors","id":"11229","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"11229","found":true},"name":"Lesley McClurg","firstName":"Lesley","lastName":"McClurg","slug":"lesleymcclurg","email":"lmcclurg@KQED.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":["news","science"],"title":"KQED Health Correspondent","bio":"\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lesley McClurg is a health correspondent and fill-in host. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Her work is regularly rebroadcast on numerous NPR and PBS shows. She has won several regional Emmy awards, a regional and a national Edward R. Murrow award. The Association for Health Journalists awarded Lesley best beat coverage. The Society of Professional Journalists has recognized her reporting several times. The Society of Environmental Journalists spotlighted her ongoing coverage of California's historic drought. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Before joining KQED in 2016, she covered food and sustainability for Capital Public Radio, the environment for Colorado Public Radio, and reported for both KUOW and KCTS9 in Seattle. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When not hunched over her laptop Lesley enjoys skiing with her toddler, surfing with her husband or scheming their next globetrotting adventure. Before motherhood she relished dancing tango till sunrise. When on deadline she fuels herself almost exclusively on chocolate chips.\u003c/span>\r\n\r\n\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u003c/span>","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/3fb78e873af3312f34d0bc1d60a07c7f?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"lesleywmcclurg","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"arts","roles":["author"]},{"site":"news","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"futureofyou","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"stateofhealth","roles":["author"]},{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Lesley McClurg | KQED","description":"KQED Health Correspondent","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/3fb78e873af3312f34d0bc1d60a07c7f?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/3fb78e873af3312f34d0bc1d60a07c7f?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/lesleymcclurg"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"home","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"futureofyou_440290":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_440290","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"440290","score":null,"sort":[1521646230000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"3-d-space-gives-new-life-to-dead-bodies","title":"3-D Space Gives New Life to Dead Bodies","publishDate":1521646230,"format":"image","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Eric Smith has just gained new appreciation for the pancreas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s “so unassuming,” he says. Pulling the pancreas out of the gastrointestinal tract and holding it in mid-air, he regards it with a sense of awe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In surgery people always say don’t touch the pancreas, and I thought it would be this ugly thing. ... But it is cute. It looks like a shrimp.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Medical schools are weighing the advantages of teaching students anatomy with the help of virtual reality.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Smith, a first year medical student at UC San Francisco, then tucks the “cute” organ back in place, between the liver and the large intestine. He’s not using gloves, a scalpel or a surgical mask. Instead of having a cadaver in front of him, he’s moving around a large room in a 3-D headset. On the wall-mounted 72-inch screen in UCSF’s virtual anatomy learning center Smith sees a skeleton with stomach, intestines and liver attached to the bones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fellow student Sheyda Aboii is helping him study the digestive system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"7355EazHRrQLdJAifTzwdkXCkQhYWDkV\"]“The coronary ligament attaches the liver to what structure?” Aboii asks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Anterior abdominal wall?” Smith hesitates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No.” Aboii responds. “What lies right above?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Oh, the diaphragm!” Smith says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smith and Aboii are part of a new generation of doctors-in-training who are learning anatomy with the help of Virtual Reality. The VR lessons allow students to see a complete three dimensional picture of body parts, easily move virtual organs in and out of the body and memorize medical terms — each organ displays its name tag once you hover over it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Running a 3-D learning center is also less expensive than a cadaver lab and less toxic to be around, say proponents. However, some medical professors believe the benefits of learning anatomy through real bodies will never be replaced. VR doesn’t give students the same experience they get from a human body with its unique structure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/embed/4z3zdjbZdQU\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>VR Arrives on the Scene\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For over a 100 years medical students in the United States have been studying anatomy on cadavers. Curriculums hadn’t really changed much until about five or six years ago, with the introduction of VR technology as a new educational option.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Derek Harmon, an assistant adjunct professor at UCSF’s Department of Anatomy, who has been teaching the VR course for over a year, says virtual reality brings an important technological innovation to medical students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They can walk around the virtual model in the 3-D space getting the 360-degree view of the body they can’t get in the lab: the cadaver lies facing up or down providing only a 180-degree view.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dissecting virtual organs and tissues is easier, and does not require surgical finesse. Students can move tissues apart and back together as many times as they want, while in the lab they have to keep organs in place so the next group of students can study on the same body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_440301\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 539px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-440301\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/RS29317_ANATOMYVR_020818_037-sfi.jpg\" alt=\"Two women in a room with a large screen.\" width=\"539\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/RS29317_ANATOMYVR_020818_037-sfi.jpg 539w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/RS29317_ANATOMYVR_020818_037-sfi-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/RS29317_ANATOMYVR_020818_037-sfi-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/RS29317_ANATOMYVR_020818_037-sfi-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/RS29317_ANATOMYVR_020818_037-sfi-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 539px) 100vw, 539px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Stacey Yu, assistant manager of the anatomy lab at UCSF, guides Sheyda Aboii, a student, while she uses virtual reality to study the GI, or digestive, system at the UCSF School of Medicine. \u003ccite>(Lauren Hanussak/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Sometimes virtual reality can give students motion sickness, but Harmon says it only affects about 20 percent of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A virtual learning center may also be a healthier place to study, as it has no smell of formaldehyde used for embalming dead bodies. Formaldehyde inhalation triggers dry mouth, eye and throat irritation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 3-D space revolution has already engulfed dozens of American medical colleges that have introduced not only virtual, but also augmented and mixed reality to their curriculum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The University of Nebraska Medical Center teaches on \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QpkiKzNnJ1w\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">virtual dissection tables\u003c/a>; California’s Western University is actively using holographic displays and Oculus rift stations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Western University’s College of Dental Medicine built their \u003ca href=\"https://westernu.smugmug.com/Virtual-Reality-Learning/i-PNhZJzK/A\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">virtual reality learning center\u003c/a> for just about $120,000, while the cost of maintaining the cadaver lab runs at about $2 to 4 million a year, according to the college Associate Dean of Simulation, Immersion and Digital Learning Robert W. Hasel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hasel is one of the most vocal critics of cadaver labs, because of their high operational cost and use of toxic chemicals like formaldehyde recognized by the American Cancer Society as carcinogenic. Chemical compounds used for embalming bodies have not changed in 100 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also questions learning efficiency in cadaver labs. He says students leave the bodies so “hacked up” that it is hard to recognize organs and tissues. As a result, “students make mistakes, and you can't recover,” says Hasel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Hasel, since Western University introduced VR technology in its curriculum about five years ago, students’ grades on their anatomical sciences national board exams have gone up 15 to 20 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_440305\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 539px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-440305\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/RS29319_ANATOMYVR_020818_025-sfi.jpg\" alt=\"Two students, one with a VR headset on.\" width=\"539\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/RS29319_ANATOMYVR_020818_025-sfi.jpg 539w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/RS29319_ANATOMYVR_020818_025-sfi-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/RS29319_ANATOMYVR_020818_025-sfi-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/RS29319_ANATOMYVR_020818_025-sfi-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/RS29319_ANATOMYVR_020818_025-sfi-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 539px) 100vw, 539px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Medical students Sheyda Aboii (left) and Eric Smith use virtual reality to study the GI, or digestive, system at the UCSF School of Medicine. \u003ccite>(Lauren Hanussak/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Traditional Anatomy Classes Here to Stay, For Now\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The numbers don’t convince Douglas Gross, professor of cell biology and human anatomy at UC Davis, who likes to stick to the good old practice. He has been teaching anatomy for 42 years and believes that 3-D could be valuable adjunct, but not a replacement for studying a human body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says programs that try to get rid of their dissection studying labs are doomed to a “pretty dismal failure.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gross says it is important for students to touch and feel a real human body as they learn anatomy, literally squeeze the organs in their fingers. Lack of this tangible experience won’t allow them to become good doctors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beyond that, “changing curriculum in a medical school is like moving a glacier,” says Gross. Faculty members, scientists and clinicians often have different opinions on teaching strategies. And even small changes take a lot of time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>An Appreciation for Cadavers\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aboii just like the majority of medical students at UCSF welcomes VR lessons. But she sees them as a useful fun tool and doesn’t admire them as much as she does the traditional anatomy classes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_440359\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 539px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-440359\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/RS29325_ANATOMYVR_020818_030-sfi.jpg\" alt=\"A GI track appears on a large screen.\" width=\"539\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/RS29325_ANATOMYVR_020818_030-sfi.jpg 539w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/RS29325_ANATOMYVR_020818_030-sfi-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/RS29325_ANATOMYVR_020818_030-sfi-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/RS29325_ANATOMYVR_020818_030-sfi-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/RS29325_ANATOMYVR_020818_030-sfi-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 539px) 100vw, 539px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">VR anatomy lessons are gaining popularity, but traditional learning using cadavers isn't going away any time soon. \u003ccite>(Lauren Hanussak/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>She says the smell of formaldehyde doesn’t bother her. And knowing that the bodies students work on were donated for research and education fills her respect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is a certain gravity to that,” Aboii says. “Each of the cadavers is unique. In life, they were unique human beings, and now they are unique donations. For a trainee, like myself, it's good to start getting used to that spectrum of life and death.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"FwbyNhLT7uzLhRDlXYonilNTpUsv3z8Y\"]Virtual lessons help memorize and review, but they don’t show “the unique human variability,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You get almost like an average idealized artistic rendering of what the human body looks like,” says Aboii. However in real life things might be different. Arteries, for example, may not always be connected in the same way on a cadaver.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harmon is convinced cadaver labs are here to stay, at least for now, but the number of VR platforms in medical schools will skyrocket in the next couple of years and will be especially useful for medical professions that use a lot of 3-D scans in their practice, like radiologists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“VR in medicine is going to explode,\" says Harmon. \"And it is exciting.\"\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A new crop of doctors-in-training are learning anatomy with the help of virtual reality.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1521645604,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":39,"wordCount":1307},"headData":{"title":"3-D Space Gives New Life to Dead Bodies | KQED","description":"A new crop of doctors-in-training are learning anatomy with the help of virtual reality.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"3-D Space Gives New Life to Dead Bodies","datePublished":"2018-03-21T15:30:30.000Z","dateModified":"2018-03-21T15:20:04.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"440290 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=440290","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2018/03/21/3-d-space-gives-new-life-to-dead-bodies/","disqusTitle":"3-D Space Gives New Life to Dead Bodies","source":"Virtual Reality","nprByline":"Julia Vassey","path":"/futureofyou/440290/3-d-space-gives-new-life-to-dead-bodies","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Eric Smith has just gained new appreciation for the pancreas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s “so unassuming,” he says. Pulling the pancreas out of the gastrointestinal tract and holding it in mid-air, he regards it with a sense of awe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In surgery people always say don’t touch the pancreas, and I thought it would be this ugly thing. ... But it is cute. It looks like a shrimp.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Medical schools are weighing the advantages of teaching students anatomy with the help of virtual reality.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Smith, a first year medical student at UC San Francisco, then tucks the “cute” organ back in place, between the liver and the large intestine. He’s not using gloves, a scalpel or a surgical mask. Instead of having a cadaver in front of him, he’s moving around a large room in a 3-D headset. On the wall-mounted 72-inch screen in UCSF’s virtual anatomy learning center Smith sees a skeleton with stomach, intestines and liver attached to the bones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fellow student Sheyda Aboii is helping him study the digestive system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>“The coronary ligament attaches the liver to what structure?” Aboii asks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Anterior abdominal wall?” Smith hesitates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No.” Aboii responds. “What lies right above?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Oh, the diaphragm!” Smith says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smith and Aboii are part of a new generation of doctors-in-training who are learning anatomy with the help of Virtual Reality. The VR lessons allow students to see a complete three dimensional picture of body parts, easily move virtual organs in and out of the body and memorize medical terms — each organ displays its name tag once you hover over it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Running a 3-D learning center is also less expensive than a cadaver lab and less toxic to be around, say proponents. However, some medical professors believe the benefits of learning anatomy through real bodies will never be replaced. VR doesn’t give students the same experience they get from a human body with its unique structure.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/4z3zdjbZdQU'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/4z3zdjbZdQU'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cb>VR Arrives on the Scene\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For over a 100 years medical students in the United States have been studying anatomy on cadavers. Curriculums hadn’t really changed much until about five or six years ago, with the introduction of VR technology as a new educational option.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Derek Harmon, an assistant adjunct professor at UCSF’s Department of Anatomy, who has been teaching the VR course for over a year, says virtual reality brings an important technological innovation to medical students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They can walk around the virtual model in the 3-D space getting the 360-degree view of the body they can’t get in the lab: the cadaver lies facing up or down providing only a 180-degree view.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dissecting virtual organs and tissues is easier, and does not require surgical finesse. Students can move tissues apart and back together as many times as they want, while in the lab they have to keep organs in place so the next group of students can study on the same body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_440301\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 539px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-440301\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/RS29317_ANATOMYVR_020818_037-sfi.jpg\" alt=\"Two women in a room with a large screen.\" width=\"539\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/RS29317_ANATOMYVR_020818_037-sfi.jpg 539w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/RS29317_ANATOMYVR_020818_037-sfi-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/RS29317_ANATOMYVR_020818_037-sfi-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/RS29317_ANATOMYVR_020818_037-sfi-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/RS29317_ANATOMYVR_020818_037-sfi-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 539px) 100vw, 539px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Stacey Yu, assistant manager of the anatomy lab at UCSF, guides Sheyda Aboii, a student, while she uses virtual reality to study the GI, or digestive, system at the UCSF School of Medicine. \u003ccite>(Lauren Hanussak/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Sometimes virtual reality can give students motion sickness, but Harmon says it only affects about 20 percent of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A virtual learning center may also be a healthier place to study, as it has no smell of formaldehyde used for embalming dead bodies. Formaldehyde inhalation triggers dry mouth, eye and throat irritation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 3-D space revolution has already engulfed dozens of American medical colleges that have introduced not only virtual, but also augmented and mixed reality to their curriculum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The University of Nebraska Medical Center teaches on \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QpkiKzNnJ1w\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">virtual dissection tables\u003c/a>; California’s Western University is actively using holographic displays and Oculus rift stations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Western University’s College of Dental Medicine built their \u003ca href=\"https://westernu.smugmug.com/Virtual-Reality-Learning/i-PNhZJzK/A\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">virtual reality learning center\u003c/a> for just about $120,000, while the cost of maintaining the cadaver lab runs at about $2 to 4 million a year, according to the college Associate Dean of Simulation, Immersion and Digital Learning Robert W. Hasel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hasel is one of the most vocal critics of cadaver labs, because of their high operational cost and use of toxic chemicals like formaldehyde recognized by the American Cancer Society as carcinogenic. Chemical compounds used for embalming bodies have not changed in 100 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also questions learning efficiency in cadaver labs. He says students leave the bodies so “hacked up” that it is hard to recognize organs and tissues. As a result, “students make mistakes, and you can't recover,” says Hasel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Hasel, since Western University introduced VR technology in its curriculum about five years ago, students’ grades on their anatomical sciences national board exams have gone up 15 to 20 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_440305\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 539px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-440305\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/RS29319_ANATOMYVR_020818_025-sfi.jpg\" alt=\"Two students, one with a VR headset on.\" width=\"539\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/RS29319_ANATOMYVR_020818_025-sfi.jpg 539w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/RS29319_ANATOMYVR_020818_025-sfi-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/RS29319_ANATOMYVR_020818_025-sfi-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/RS29319_ANATOMYVR_020818_025-sfi-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/RS29319_ANATOMYVR_020818_025-sfi-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 539px) 100vw, 539px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Medical students Sheyda Aboii (left) and Eric Smith use virtual reality to study the GI, or digestive, system at the UCSF School of Medicine. \u003ccite>(Lauren Hanussak/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Traditional Anatomy Classes Here to Stay, For Now\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The numbers don’t convince Douglas Gross, professor of cell biology and human anatomy at UC Davis, who likes to stick to the good old practice. He has been teaching anatomy for 42 years and believes that 3-D could be valuable adjunct, but not a replacement for studying a human body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says programs that try to get rid of their dissection studying labs are doomed to a “pretty dismal failure.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gross says it is important for students to touch and feel a real human body as they learn anatomy, literally squeeze the organs in their fingers. Lack of this tangible experience won’t allow them to become good doctors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beyond that, “changing curriculum in a medical school is like moving a glacier,” says Gross. Faculty members, scientists and clinicians often have different opinions on teaching strategies. And even small changes take a lot of time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>An Appreciation for Cadavers\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aboii just like the majority of medical students at UCSF welcomes VR lessons. But she sees them as a useful fun tool and doesn’t admire them as much as she does the traditional anatomy classes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_440359\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 539px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-440359\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/RS29325_ANATOMYVR_020818_030-sfi.jpg\" alt=\"A GI track appears on a large screen.\" width=\"539\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/RS29325_ANATOMYVR_020818_030-sfi.jpg 539w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/RS29325_ANATOMYVR_020818_030-sfi-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/RS29325_ANATOMYVR_020818_030-sfi-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/RS29325_ANATOMYVR_020818_030-sfi-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/RS29325_ANATOMYVR_020818_030-sfi-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 539px) 100vw, 539px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">VR anatomy lessons are gaining popularity, but traditional learning using cadavers isn't going away any time soon. \u003ccite>(Lauren Hanussak/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>She says the smell of formaldehyde doesn’t bother her. And knowing that the bodies students work on were donated for research and education fills her respect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is a certain gravity to that,” Aboii says. “Each of the cadavers is unique. In life, they were unique human beings, and now they are unique donations. For a trainee, like myself, it's good to start getting used to that spectrum of life and death.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Virtual lessons help memorize and review, but they don’t show “the unique human variability,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You get almost like an average idealized artistic rendering of what the human body looks like,” says Aboii. However in real life things might be different. Arteries, for example, may not always be connected in the same way on a cadaver.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harmon is convinced cadaver labs are here to stay, at least for now, but the number of VR platforms in medical schools will skyrocket in the next couple of years and will be especially useful for medical professions that use a lot of 3-D scans in their practice, like radiologists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“VR in medicine is going to explode,\" says Harmon. \"And it is exciting.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/440290/3-d-space-gives-new-life-to-dead-bodies","authors":["byline_futureofyou_440290"],"categories":["futureofyou_1","futureofyou_1063"],"tags":["futureofyou_1474","futureofyou_1275","futureofyou_1256","futureofyou_23","futureofyou_35","futureofyou_113"],"featImg":"futureofyou_440299","label":"source_futureofyou_440290"},"futureofyou_439212":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_439212","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"439212","score":null,"sort":[1518101823000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"ucsf-gets-another-500-million-donation","title":"UCSF Gets Another $500 Million Donation","publishDate":1518101823,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Getting a \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/health/article/Helen-Sanford-Diller-fund-UCSF-cancer-center-3296458.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">$500 million donation\u003c/a> is the stuff of dreams for a university head. In January 2017, when UCSF announced that the Helen Diller Foundation was contributing a half-billion dollars, school Chancellor Sam Hawgood said, “I have to pinch myself every time I think about it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hawgood’s going to have to keep pinching. The Helen Diller Foundation has now doubled down on its gift to the university with another $500 million donation. The funds will be used to build a new, state of the art hospital at UCSF's Parnassus Heights campus by 2030. The new hospital will be built on the site currently occupied by the Langley Porter Psychiatric Hospital, which will be torn down. Langley outpatient services will be relocated to a new building in San Francisco's Dogpatch neighborhood; inpatient services will remain somewhere on the Parnassus campus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hawgood called the donation \"transformative\" and \"beyond my wildest expectations,\" not to mention \"an exhilarating experience.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I couldn’t be more delighted for what it means for the patients we will care for for generations to come,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new funds will bring the foundation’s total donations to the university to roughly $1.15 billion, putting the school right at the top of of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.chronicle.com/article/Major-Private-Gifts-to-Higher/128264\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">list\u003c/a> of academic institutions that have received massive funds from a single organization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UCSF, part of the University of California system, includes schools of medicine, dentistry, nursing and pharmacy. The entire institution is dedicated to health sciences and biomedicine. Tracing its \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucsf.edu/about/history-1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">roots\u003c/a> back to 1864, the university has five Nobel Prize winners on staff, and an impressive portfolio of \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucsf.edu/about/achievements\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">scientific achievements\u003c/a>, including the discovery of vitamin E back in 1923 and the co-discovery of HIV in 1983.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new hospital at Parnassus Heights will take over inpatient care now administered in UCSF's Moffitt building, part of the Moffitt-Long Hospital at \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/maps/place/505+Parnassus+Ave,+San+Francisco,+CA+94143/@37.7630895,-122.4600031,17z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x8085875762cbdad5:0x30442fa9192ab3e1!8m2!3d37.7630895!4d-122.4578144\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">505 Parnassus Avenue\u003c/a>. Without retrofitting, Moffitt would no longer be able to house patients after 2030, according to state law. The new hospital will also be part of UCSF Health, the health care network \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucsf.edu/news/2015/10/136716/ucsf-health-system-expand-care-throughout-bay-area-and-beyond\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">launched\u003c/a> by the university in 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2003, the university opened a more modern campus in San Francisco's Mission Bay neighborhood. The school is just now beginning a year-long planning process to upgrade the Parnassus Heights site. Renovations are part of a $5 billion fundraising campaign, which includes the Diller donation for the hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The majority of the campus was built between 1950 and the mid-1970s. So the facilities are showing their age,\" Hawgood said. \"We’ll be looking to refurbish many of the research buildings ... Science has moved on; the need for different kinds of facilities are also required.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Diller Largesse\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UCSF pushed back the announcement about the donation a couple of days out of respect for the Diller family, who saw its partriarch, Sanford Diller, \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/business/article/Real-estate-developer-philanthropist-Sanford-12553646.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">die\u003c/a> last Friday at the age of 89. Diller was a billionaire who made his money as founder of the Prometheus Real Estate Group, one of the largest owners of apartment buildings in the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He and his wife, Helen, who died in 2015, established the Helen Diller Family Foundation in 1999. In 2003, the foundation donated $35 million to create the Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Care Center, at UCSF's Mission Bay Campus. Back then, $35 million was the largest gift by a single donor in UCSF history. But that amount was dwarfed by the family's whopping $500 million donation in late 2015. At the time, it was matched only by \u003ca href=\"https://www.philanthropy.com/factfile/gifts_detail?GiftDonorJoin_a_DonorID=PGDON1706\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">$500 million gifts\u003c/a> to each of two Oregon universities from Nike co-founder \u003ca href=\"https://www.philanthropy.com/factfile/gifts_detail?GiftDonorJoin_a_DonorID=PGDON1706\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Phil Knight\u003c/a>. (Knight also gave $400 million to Stanford in 2016.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A billion-dollars-plus to a single educational institution, albeit a public one, did get us thinking about the issue of\u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/search?q=effective+philanthrop\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> effective philanthropy\u003c/a>. So we reached out for comment to \u003ca href=\"https://www.princeton.edu/news/2017/02/16/qa-singer-philosopher-his-craft-and-practicing-it-princeton\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Peter Singer\u003c/a>, a philosopher, author and professor of bioethics at Princeton University, who has taken a utilitarian approach to charitable giving.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"No, it's clearly not the best use of the money,\" he wrote in an email. \"Health is a vital area for philanthropy, but not in an area that is already, by world standards, extraordinarily well-served ... .\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Why \u003cem>have\u003c/em> the Dillers showered so much largesse on UCSF?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are native San Franciscans, and are proud to give back to our community,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucsf.edu/news/2003/10/4698/35-million-gift-supports-construction-helen-diller-family-cancer-researc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">said\u003c/a> Helen Diller, in 2003. “Our family is extremely enthused about cancer research at UCSF. ... (W)e have been presented with the joy of participating in the development of an entirely new section of this very beautiful city.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She repeated her feelings of attachment to the city, and to UCSF, in a 2009 interview with the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/health/article/Helen-Sanford-Diller-fund-UCSF-cancer-center-3296458.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">San Francisco Chronicle\u003c/a>, which provides a good window into some of her motivations. \"I was born in San Francisco at Mount Zion hospital. UCSF is known to have the finest scientists and doctors,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She continued: \"There is a Hebrew expression, '\u003cem>Tikkun olam\u003c/em>,' which means to repair the world. My parents did things in a small way because that is what they could do. Now we are doing what we are able to do.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bulk of the initial $500 million Diller donation went toward retaining and recruiting faculty and supporting students at UCSF’s four professional schools, some of it in the form of scholarships. UCSF also created a discretionary $100 million \"innovation fund.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The family is also known for contributing to Jewish causes, funding UC Berkeley and UC Santa Cruz Jewish studies programs, renovating the \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Kahn_(congressman)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Julius Kahn\u003c/a> in the Presidio, and a leadership \u003ca href=\"http://dillerteenfellows.org/en/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">program\u003c/a> for Jewish teenagers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In recognition of the latest donation, UCSF has renamed its complex of medical buildings on campus as the UCSF Helen Diller Medical Center at Parnassus Heights.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The new funds will be put toward building a new hospital at UCSF's Parnassus Heights campus.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1518120536,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":23,"wordCount":981},"headData":{"title":"UCSF Gets Another $500 Million Donation | KQED","description":"The new funds will be put toward building a new hospital at UCSF's Parnassus Heights campus.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"UCSF Gets Another $500 Million Donation","datePublished":"2018-02-08T14:57:03.000Z","dateModified":"2018-02-08T20:08:56.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"439212 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=439212","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2018/02/08/ucsf-gets-another-500-million-donation/","disqusTitle":"UCSF Gets Another $500 Million Donation","source":"KQED Future of You","path":"/futureofyou/439212/ucsf-gets-another-500-million-donation","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Getting a \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/health/article/Helen-Sanford-Diller-fund-UCSF-cancer-center-3296458.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">$500 million donation\u003c/a> is the stuff of dreams for a university head. In January 2017, when UCSF announced that the Helen Diller Foundation was contributing a half-billion dollars, school Chancellor Sam Hawgood said, “I have to pinch myself every time I think about it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hawgood’s going to have to keep pinching. The Helen Diller Foundation has now doubled down on its gift to the university with another $500 million donation. The funds will be used to build a new, state of the art hospital at UCSF's Parnassus Heights campus by 2030. The new hospital will be built on the site currently occupied by the Langley Porter Psychiatric Hospital, which will be torn down. Langley outpatient services will be relocated to a new building in San Francisco's Dogpatch neighborhood; inpatient services will remain somewhere on the Parnassus campus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hawgood called the donation \"transformative\" and \"beyond my wildest expectations,\" not to mention \"an exhilarating experience.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I couldn’t be more delighted for what it means for the patients we will care for for generations to come,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new funds will bring the foundation’s total donations to the university to roughly $1.15 billion, putting the school right at the top of of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.chronicle.com/article/Major-Private-Gifts-to-Higher/128264\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">list\u003c/a> of academic institutions that have received massive funds from a single organization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UCSF, part of the University of California system, includes schools of medicine, dentistry, nursing and pharmacy. The entire institution is dedicated to health sciences and biomedicine. Tracing its \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucsf.edu/about/history-1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">roots\u003c/a> back to 1864, the university has five Nobel Prize winners on staff, and an impressive portfolio of \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucsf.edu/about/achievements\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">scientific achievements\u003c/a>, including the discovery of vitamin E back in 1923 and the co-discovery of HIV in 1983.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new hospital at Parnassus Heights will take over inpatient care now administered in UCSF's Moffitt building, part of the Moffitt-Long Hospital at \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/maps/place/505+Parnassus+Ave,+San+Francisco,+CA+94143/@37.7630895,-122.4600031,17z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x8085875762cbdad5:0x30442fa9192ab3e1!8m2!3d37.7630895!4d-122.4578144\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">505 Parnassus Avenue\u003c/a>. Without retrofitting, Moffitt would no longer be able to house patients after 2030, according to state law. The new hospital will also be part of UCSF Health, the health care network \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucsf.edu/news/2015/10/136716/ucsf-health-system-expand-care-throughout-bay-area-and-beyond\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">launched\u003c/a> by the university in 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2003, the university opened a more modern campus in San Francisco's Mission Bay neighborhood. The school is just now beginning a year-long planning process to upgrade the Parnassus Heights site. Renovations are part of a $5 billion fundraising campaign, which includes the Diller donation for the hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The majority of the campus was built between 1950 and the mid-1970s. So the facilities are showing their age,\" Hawgood said. \"We’ll be looking to refurbish many of the research buildings ... Science has moved on; the need for different kinds of facilities are also required.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Diller Largesse\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UCSF pushed back the announcement about the donation a couple of days out of respect for the Diller family, who saw its partriarch, Sanford Diller, \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/business/article/Real-estate-developer-philanthropist-Sanford-12553646.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">die\u003c/a> last Friday at the age of 89. Diller was a billionaire who made his money as founder of the Prometheus Real Estate Group, one of the largest owners of apartment buildings in the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He and his wife, Helen, who died in 2015, established the Helen Diller Family Foundation in 1999. In 2003, the foundation donated $35 million to create the Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Care Center, at UCSF's Mission Bay Campus. Back then, $35 million was the largest gift by a single donor in UCSF history. But that amount was dwarfed by the family's whopping $500 million donation in late 2015. At the time, it was matched only by \u003ca href=\"https://www.philanthropy.com/factfile/gifts_detail?GiftDonorJoin_a_DonorID=PGDON1706\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">$500 million gifts\u003c/a> to each of two Oregon universities from Nike co-founder \u003ca href=\"https://www.philanthropy.com/factfile/gifts_detail?GiftDonorJoin_a_DonorID=PGDON1706\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Phil Knight\u003c/a>. (Knight also gave $400 million to Stanford in 2016.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A billion-dollars-plus to a single educational institution, albeit a public one, did get us thinking about the issue of\u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/search?q=effective+philanthrop\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> effective philanthropy\u003c/a>. So we reached out for comment to \u003ca href=\"https://www.princeton.edu/news/2017/02/16/qa-singer-philosopher-his-craft-and-practicing-it-princeton\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Peter Singer\u003c/a>, a philosopher, author and professor of bioethics at Princeton University, who has taken a utilitarian approach to charitable giving.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"No, it's clearly not the best use of the money,\" he wrote in an email. \"Health is a vital area for philanthropy, but not in an area that is already, by world standards, extraordinarily well-served ... .\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Why \u003cem>have\u003c/em> the Dillers showered so much largesse on UCSF?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are native San Franciscans, and are proud to give back to our community,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucsf.edu/news/2003/10/4698/35-million-gift-supports-construction-helen-diller-family-cancer-researc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">said\u003c/a> Helen Diller, in 2003. “Our family is extremely enthused about cancer research at UCSF. ... (W)e have been presented with the joy of participating in the development of an entirely new section of this very beautiful city.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She repeated her feelings of attachment to the city, and to UCSF, in a 2009 interview with the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/health/article/Helen-Sanford-Diller-fund-UCSF-cancer-center-3296458.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">San Francisco Chronicle\u003c/a>, which provides a good window into some of her motivations. \"I was born in San Francisco at Mount Zion hospital. UCSF is known to have the finest scientists and doctors,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She continued: \"There is a Hebrew expression, '\u003cem>Tikkun olam\u003c/em>,' which means to repair the world. My parents did things in a small way because that is what they could do. Now we are doing what we are able to do.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bulk of the initial $500 million Diller donation went toward retaining and recruiting faculty and supporting students at UCSF’s four professional schools, some of it in the form of scholarships. UCSF also created a discretionary $100 million \"innovation fund.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The family is also known for contributing to Jewish causes, funding UC Berkeley and UC Santa Cruz Jewish studies programs, renovating the \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Kahn_(congressman)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Julius Kahn\u003c/a> in the Presidio, and a leadership \u003ca href=\"http://dillerteenfellows.org/en/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">program\u003c/a> for Jewish teenagers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In recognition of the latest donation, UCSF has renamed its complex of medical buildings on campus as the UCSF Helen Diller Medical Center at Parnassus Heights.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/439212/ucsf-gets-another-500-million-donation","authors":["80"],"categories":["futureofyou_452","futureofyou_1","futureofyou_73"],"tags":["futureofyou_1275","futureofyou_1458","futureofyou_80","futureofyou_113"],"featImg":"futureofyou_439233","label":"source_futureofyou_439212"},"futureofyou_366169":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_366169","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"366169","score":null,"sort":[1491494448000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"this-video-game-helped-some-kids-overcome-attention-problems","title":"This Video Game Helped Some Kids Overcome Attention Problems","publishDate":1491494448,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Katherine Stevenson was 8 when she joined a UCSF study to test the effects of a video game on kids like her with \u003ca href=\"https://www.spdstar.org/basic/about-spd\" target=\"_blank\">sensory processing dysfunction\u003c/a>, or SPD, a collection of symptoms where the brain has trouble filtering incoming information -- like sounds and instructions -- in organized, focused ways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Katherine is a happy, outgoing child with a high overall IQ, but her cognitive speed (relating to response and performance) is low in comparison to her critical thinking. Her main challenge is an auditory processing disorder that makes it hard for her to screen out certain sounds, because she hears them all at once.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's almost like having a 500 horsepower engine that gets flooded,\" says her mom, Kori Stevenson.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'It’s almost like having a 500 horsepower engine that gets flooded.'\u003ccite>Parent Kori Stevenson on her daughter's sensory processing dysfunction, or SPD\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The UCSF study, spearheaded in 2014 by two Department of Neurology professors, brought Katherine and 62 other elementary school kids (38 with SPD and 25 with typical development patterns) into a lab where an EEG machine tracked their brain activity while they followed computer prompts designed to measure their ability to focus and multitask.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then the real work began. The kids brought home iPads loaded with a special software designed to target and improve problems with thinking, reacting, and performing tasks. Twice a day, five days a week for a month, the kids spent 30 minutes maneuvering a cartoonish 3-D figure along a moving pathway without hitting the walls -- tilting, swiping and jabbing the iPad as the game made all kinds of sounds and other potential distractions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There were times that it was really hard to for her,\" says Stevenson. \"There were some days when she breezed through and other days, she was in tears.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when the month was over, and the kids were retested, Katherine's performance had improved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Her ability to focus was a little bit better. And she wasn’t as fatigued at the end of the day. Her ability to multitask improved,\" says Stevenson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Katherine's experience was not unique. The UCSF study, \u003ca href=\"http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0172616\" target=\"_blank\">published \u003c/a>Wednesday in the journal PLOS ONE, showed that while the iPad home training program benefited all the kids who participated to some extent, the results were even better for seven children (including Katherine), a subset of the 38 SPD children with symptoms of ADHD. This group dramatically overcame these issues, at least temporarily, after just a month of video play. Nine months later, those children had so improved (based on their parents' feedback) that they would no longer meet the clinical standard for symptoms of ADHD.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>An Underserved Group\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Video games designed for kids with ADHD have received the most press. But for this study, UCSF Neurology professors Joaquin Anguera and Elyse Marco wanted to focus on an underserved group that doesn't get as much attention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some brain training studies specifically target people with ADHD with \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnbc.com/2015/05/21/a-tech-start-up-making-a-play-for-billions-in-adhd-drug-market.html\">gaming products\u003c/a> -- a market ripe for profit, if it can be shown that such products really work. But \u003ca href=\"http://profiles.ucsf.edu/joaquin.anguera\">Anguera\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://anp.ucsf.edu/aboutus/faculty/emarco\">Marco\u003c/a> wanted to work with children with sensory processing dysfunction, a group Marco got to know through her pediatric clinical practice at UCSF. If you're not familiar with SPD, you're not alone. The disorder is thought to affect 5 percent of all U.S. children, but it's a poorly studied group. Symptoms vary widely, from children like Katherine Stevenson with auditory processing issues to something closer to autism spectrum disorder and ADHD. As such, it is often misdiagnosed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_366979\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-366979\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Project-EVO-800x564.jpg\" alt=\"A child plays with Project: EVO, a video game software.\" width=\"800\" height=\"564\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Project-EVO-800x564.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Project-EVO-160x113.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Project-EVO-768x541.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Project-EVO-1020x719.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Project-EVO-960x677.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Project-EVO-240x169.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Project-EVO-375x264.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Project-EVO-520x366.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Project-EVO.jpg 1084w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A child plays with Project: EVO, a video game software. \u003ccite>(Akili Interactive Labs)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The results\u003cem> \u003c/em>of the UCSF study challenge the notion that prolonged exposure to video games, iPads and other interactive technology turns toddlers into strung-out youngsters with an \u003ca href=\"http://www.psychiatrictimes.com/adhd/adhd-associated-video-game-addiction\">ADHD-like inability to focus on tasks\u003c/a> and get things done to completion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A preponderance of studies suggest that all that screen time \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/11/19/502610055/heavy-screen-time-rewires-young-brains-for-better-and-worse\">\u003cem>does\u003c/em> re-wire the brain\u003c/a>. But that may not be a bad thing -- especially for kids like Katherine, who can benefit from learning how to focus on a single goal-based task and block out any other distractions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The fact that these parents reported persistent amounts of improvement for nine months – I think that’s really remarkable,\" says Anguera, lead author of the study. The results showed some parallels to his\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24005416\"> much-publicized 2013 \u003c/a>study where a different 3-D video game called Neuroracer trained seniors to multitask better than a group of 20-year-olds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Beyond the Hype\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the new study only included 63 kids, it was meant as more of a proof of concept experiment than a study meant to offer clinical conclusions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cognitive scientists bristle at suggestions that any of the newfangled cognitive training programs on the market can work for everyone. \u003ca href=\"http://www.cogmed.com/who-is-cogmed-for\">Cogmed \u003c/a>and \u003ca href=\"https://www.lumosity.com/\">Lumosity\u003c/a>, for example, target both children and adults with claims of improving attention and processing speed. The most common word experts use to describe them is \"exaggerated.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Laura Carstensen, founding director of the \u003ca href=\"http://longevity3.stanford.edu/\" target=\"_blank\">Stanford Center on Longevity\u003c/a>, is one of the skeptics. “Can you improve your brain so that it’s faster, more adept, more vital?,\" she told KQED in 2010. \"That’s what the claims are, and I don’t think there’s really any evidence for that.\" In 2014, 73 experts signed an open letter (since taken offline) \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/science/2014/oct/23/brain-games-memory-loss-open-letter\">warning about\u003c/a> companies exploiting consumers with such claims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anguera is the first to agree. \"You have all these problematic 'brain training' things, and it's fraught with snake oil,\" he says. \"There haven’t been very many studies that have shown any kind of difference, that it does work.\" [contextly_sidebar id=\"8fVx8JR3VjF4j4i929dImiQCARfor4l2\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The main takeaway from this study, according to Anguera, is how well it demonstrates the need for personalized assessment before offering kids the brain-training programs of tomorrow. One size does not fit all; look at the fact that only a small subset of the study participants with SPD -- the cohort of SPD kids with hyperactivity or attention struggles -- showed long-term benefit from the video game training.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It really gives us a perspective. If you’re going to use these types of technologies to improve people's attention, you need to be putting thought into it. Not everyone needs the same type of intervention, and the same types of intervention won't work for everyone.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That said, Anguera has confidence that the improvements his team observed were genuine, based on the fact that they were assessed with three different metrics: behavioral testing in the lab, parent surveys, and the use of EEG devices to measure brain waves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anguera's team was particularly intrigued to watch a part of the pre-frontal lobe \"light up\" during EEG scans. It's the part of the brain that drives goal-directed activities, and researchers saw how much more responsive it became after kids had spent a month playing with the iPad. Scientists suspect that in kids with ADHD-like symptoms, the cognitive circuits at the front of the brain are not firing at the right time or they’re not firing enough, according to Anguera.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers don't know exactly how, but it appears that \"pushing\" on, or repeatedly using, these circuits of attention strengthens them, like bicep training at the gym.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There’s very few of these cognitive training studies – maybe none – that show a signature that correlates with behavior on some test of attention and shows what’s happening,\" says Anguera. \"That's what makes this unique.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'The fact that these parents reported persistent amounts of improvement for nine months – I think that’s really remarkable.'\u003ccite>Dr. Joaquin Anguera, UCSF\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The UCSF study used an iPad game called Project: EVO. In 2015, \u003ca href=\"http://www.akiliinteractive.com/\">Akili Interactive Labs\u003c/a>, the software developer, used it to \u003ca href=\"https://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/11/23/video-game-is-built-to-be-prescribed-to-children-with-a-d-h-d/?_r=0\">measure the effects on a small group of children\u003c/a> with ADHD and a control group. The study found that, after playing the game five days a week for a month, the children with ADHD showed significant improvement and the control group did not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Akili Interactive is now \u003ca href=\"http://nationaladhdstudy.com/\">testing their software \u003c/a>on hundreds of ADHD children at 13 study sites across the U.S. and aims to be first FDA-approved ADHD videogame\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/08/10/430149726/will-doctors-soon-be-prescribing-video-games-for-mental-health\"> doctors prescribe to parents\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"UCSF researchers tested software on children who have trouble focusing and processing sensory information.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1491589557,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":30,"wordCount":1409},"headData":{"title":"This Video Game Helped Some Kids Overcome Attention Problems | KQED","description":"UCSF researchers tested software on children who have trouble focusing and processing sensory information.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"This Video Game Helped Some Kids Overcome Attention Problems","datePublished":"2017-04-06T16:00:48.000Z","dateModified":"2017-04-07T18:25:57.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"366169 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=366169","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/04/06/this-video-game-helped-some-kids-overcome-attention-problems/","disqusTitle":"This Video Game Helped Some Kids Overcome Attention Problems","source":"KQED Future of You","path":"/futureofyou/366169/this-video-game-helped-some-kids-overcome-attention-problems","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Katherine Stevenson was 8 when she joined a UCSF study to test the effects of a video game on kids like her with \u003ca href=\"https://www.spdstar.org/basic/about-spd\" target=\"_blank\">sensory processing dysfunction\u003c/a>, or SPD, a collection of symptoms where the brain has trouble filtering incoming information -- like sounds and instructions -- in organized, focused ways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Katherine is a happy, outgoing child with a high overall IQ, but her cognitive speed (relating to response and performance) is low in comparison to her critical thinking. Her main challenge is an auditory processing disorder that makes it hard for her to screen out certain sounds, because she hears them all at once.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's almost like having a 500 horsepower engine that gets flooded,\" says her mom, Kori Stevenson.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'It’s almost like having a 500 horsepower engine that gets flooded.'\u003ccite>Parent Kori Stevenson on her daughter's sensory processing dysfunction, or SPD\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The UCSF study, spearheaded in 2014 by two Department of Neurology professors, brought Katherine and 62 other elementary school kids (38 with SPD and 25 with typical development patterns) into a lab where an EEG machine tracked their brain activity while they followed computer prompts designed to measure their ability to focus and multitask.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then the real work began. The kids brought home iPads loaded with a special software designed to target and improve problems with thinking, reacting, and performing tasks. Twice a day, five days a week for a month, the kids spent 30 minutes maneuvering a cartoonish 3-D figure along a moving pathway without hitting the walls -- tilting, swiping and jabbing the iPad as the game made all kinds of sounds and other potential distractions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There were times that it was really hard to for her,\" says Stevenson. \"There were some days when she breezed through and other days, she was in tears.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when the month was over, and the kids were retested, Katherine's performance had improved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Her ability to focus was a little bit better. And she wasn’t as fatigued at the end of the day. Her ability to multitask improved,\" says Stevenson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Katherine's experience was not unique. The UCSF study, \u003ca href=\"http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0172616\" target=\"_blank\">published \u003c/a>Wednesday in the journal PLOS ONE, showed that while the iPad home training program benefited all the kids who participated to some extent, the results were even better for seven children (including Katherine), a subset of the 38 SPD children with symptoms of ADHD. This group dramatically overcame these issues, at least temporarily, after just a month of video play. Nine months later, those children had so improved (based on their parents' feedback) that they would no longer meet the clinical standard for symptoms of ADHD.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>An Underserved Group\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Video games designed for kids with ADHD have received the most press. But for this study, UCSF Neurology professors Joaquin Anguera and Elyse Marco wanted to focus on an underserved group that doesn't get as much attention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some brain training studies specifically target people with ADHD with \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnbc.com/2015/05/21/a-tech-start-up-making-a-play-for-billions-in-adhd-drug-market.html\">gaming products\u003c/a> -- a market ripe for profit, if it can be shown that such products really work. But \u003ca href=\"http://profiles.ucsf.edu/joaquin.anguera\">Anguera\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://anp.ucsf.edu/aboutus/faculty/emarco\">Marco\u003c/a> wanted to work with children with sensory processing dysfunction, a group Marco got to know through her pediatric clinical practice at UCSF. If you're not familiar with SPD, you're not alone. The disorder is thought to affect 5 percent of all U.S. children, but it's a poorly studied group. Symptoms vary widely, from children like Katherine Stevenson with auditory processing issues to something closer to autism spectrum disorder and ADHD. As such, it is often misdiagnosed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_366979\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-366979\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Project-EVO-800x564.jpg\" alt=\"A child plays with Project: EVO, a video game software.\" width=\"800\" height=\"564\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Project-EVO-800x564.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Project-EVO-160x113.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Project-EVO-768x541.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Project-EVO-1020x719.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Project-EVO-960x677.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Project-EVO-240x169.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Project-EVO-375x264.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Project-EVO-520x366.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Project-EVO.jpg 1084w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A child plays with Project: EVO, a video game software. \u003ccite>(Akili Interactive Labs)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The results\u003cem> \u003c/em>of the UCSF study challenge the notion that prolonged exposure to video games, iPads and other interactive technology turns toddlers into strung-out youngsters with an \u003ca href=\"http://www.psychiatrictimes.com/adhd/adhd-associated-video-game-addiction\">ADHD-like inability to focus on tasks\u003c/a> and get things done to completion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A preponderance of studies suggest that all that screen time \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/11/19/502610055/heavy-screen-time-rewires-young-brains-for-better-and-worse\">\u003cem>does\u003c/em> re-wire the brain\u003c/a>. But that may not be a bad thing -- especially for kids like Katherine, who can benefit from learning how to focus on a single goal-based task and block out any other distractions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The fact that these parents reported persistent amounts of improvement for nine months – I think that’s really remarkable,\" says Anguera, lead author of the study. The results showed some parallels to his\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24005416\"> much-publicized 2013 \u003c/a>study where a different 3-D video game called Neuroracer trained seniors to multitask better than a group of 20-year-olds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Beyond the Hype\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the new study only included 63 kids, it was meant as more of a proof of concept experiment than a study meant to offer clinical conclusions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cognitive scientists bristle at suggestions that any of the newfangled cognitive training programs on the market can work for everyone. \u003ca href=\"http://www.cogmed.com/who-is-cogmed-for\">Cogmed \u003c/a>and \u003ca href=\"https://www.lumosity.com/\">Lumosity\u003c/a>, for example, target both children and adults with claims of improving attention and processing speed. The most common word experts use to describe them is \"exaggerated.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Laura Carstensen, founding director of the \u003ca href=\"http://longevity3.stanford.edu/\" target=\"_blank\">Stanford Center on Longevity\u003c/a>, is one of the skeptics. “Can you improve your brain so that it’s faster, more adept, more vital?,\" she told KQED in 2010. \"That’s what the claims are, and I don’t think there’s really any evidence for that.\" In 2014, 73 experts signed an open letter (since taken offline) \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/science/2014/oct/23/brain-games-memory-loss-open-letter\">warning about\u003c/a> companies exploiting consumers with such claims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anguera is the first to agree. \"You have all these problematic 'brain training' things, and it's fraught with snake oil,\" he says. \"There haven’t been very many studies that have shown any kind of difference, that it does work.\" \u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The main takeaway from this study, according to Anguera, is how well it demonstrates the need for personalized assessment before offering kids the brain-training programs of tomorrow. One size does not fit all; look at the fact that only a small subset of the study participants with SPD -- the cohort of SPD kids with hyperactivity or attention struggles -- showed long-term benefit from the video game training.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It really gives us a perspective. If you’re going to use these types of technologies to improve people's attention, you need to be putting thought into it. Not everyone needs the same type of intervention, and the same types of intervention won't work for everyone.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That said, Anguera has confidence that the improvements his team observed were genuine, based on the fact that they were assessed with three different metrics: behavioral testing in the lab, parent surveys, and the use of EEG devices to measure brain waves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anguera's team was particularly intrigued to watch a part of the pre-frontal lobe \"light up\" during EEG scans. It's the part of the brain that drives goal-directed activities, and researchers saw how much more responsive it became after kids had spent a month playing with the iPad. Scientists suspect that in kids with ADHD-like symptoms, the cognitive circuits at the front of the brain are not firing at the right time or they’re not firing enough, according to Anguera.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers don't know exactly how, but it appears that \"pushing\" on, or repeatedly using, these circuits of attention strengthens them, like bicep training at the gym.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There’s very few of these cognitive training studies – maybe none – that show a signature that correlates with behavior on some test of attention and shows what’s happening,\" says Anguera. \"That's what makes this unique.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'The fact that these parents reported persistent amounts of improvement for nine months – I think that’s really remarkable.'\u003ccite>Dr. Joaquin Anguera, UCSF\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The UCSF study used an iPad game called Project: EVO. In 2015, \u003ca href=\"http://www.akiliinteractive.com/\">Akili Interactive Labs\u003c/a>, the software developer, used it to \u003ca href=\"https://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/11/23/video-game-is-built-to-be-prescribed-to-children-with-a-d-h-d/?_r=0\">measure the effects on a small group of children\u003c/a> with ADHD and a control group. The study found that, after playing the game five days a week for a month, the children with ADHD showed significant improvement and the control group did not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Akili Interactive is now \u003ca href=\"http://nationaladhdstudy.com/\">testing their software \u003c/a>on hundreds of ADHD children at 13 study sites across the U.S. and aims to be first FDA-approved ADHD videogame\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/08/10/430149726/will-doctors-soon-be-prescribing-video-games-for-mental-health\"> doctors prescribe to parents\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/366169/this-video-game-helped-some-kids-overcome-attention-problems","authors":["8664"],"categories":["futureofyou_452","futureofyou_1062","futureofyou_73","futureofyou_1061"],"tags":["futureofyou_161","futureofyou_80","futureofyou_59","futureofyou_1237","futureofyou_1236","futureofyou_113","futureofyou_162"],"collections":["futureofyou_1096"],"featImg":"futureofyou_366987","label":"source_futureofyou_366169"},"futureofyou_273934":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_273934","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"273934","score":null,"sort":[1480347049000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"how-accurate-is-wikipedias-medical-information","title":"How Do You Know Which Medical Information on Wikipedia to Trust?","publishDate":1480347049,"format":"audio","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>James Heilman isn't an easy man to get a hold of; he kept offering us odd, off-hour windows of availability to do a phone interview. When we finally connected, he explained: He works the night shift as an emergency room physician in British Columbia. He also puts in time as a clinical assistant professor in emergency medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal\">\u003cstrong>How to check the accuracy of Wikipedia pages\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nYou can check how Wikipedians rate the quality and thoroughness of every entry on the encyclopedia by clicking on the \"Talk\" tab near the top left of each page. There you will find the page's rating, which will fall somewhere on this \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Medicine/Assessment#Quality_scale\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">scale\u003c/a>. Here are lists of the health articles with the \u003ca href=\"https://tools.wmflabs.org/enwp10/cgi-bin/list2.fcgi?run=yes&projecta=Medicine&quality=FA-Classhttps://tools.wmflabs.org/enwp10/cgi-bin/list2.fcgi?run=yes&projecta=Medicine&quality=FA-Class\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">highest\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://tools.wmflabs.org/enwp10/cgi-bin/list2.fcgi?run=yes&projecta=Medicine&quality=GA-Class\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">second-highest ratings\u003c/a>; these are the most trustworthy health entries.\u003c/span>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Then there's the 60 -- count'em, 60 -- hours a week he toils away editing Wikipedia, the massive online encyclopedia written and edited by, well, anyone who wants to give it a whirl.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"My wife likes to joke that Wikipedia's my mistress; I prefer to call it our first child,” he says, chuckling with a tinge of self-awareness that he's gone a bit off the rails in his goal of making the copious health-related pages on the site more accurate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So how does an emergency doc become an obsessive Wikipedian?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 10 years ago, he says, during a quiet night shift, he got to browsing one of the medical articles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I thought, 'Oh, my God this is really bad,'\" he says. \"And then I saw the edit button, and I realized, oh, my God, I could fix the internet! I sort of got madly hooked. I’ve been trying to fix the Internet ever since.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Accuracy Questioned\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of that quest was creating the \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Medicine\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">WikiProject Medicine\u003c/a> group, where 320 like-minded editors work on the site's \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_information_on_Wikipedia\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">health content. \u003c/a>Heilman estimates about half are medical professionals.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">\"I thought ‘Oh, my God this is really bad.' And then I saw the edit button, and I realized, oh, my God, I could fix the internet!\"\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Reworking Wikipedia health entries is not a trivial task. A 2014 study found about 25,000 pages of English-language health-related articles. That number is now up to 32,000, Heilman says. The health pages worldwide attracted almost \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4376174/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">4.9 billion pageviews\u003c/a> in 2013. A 2012 \u003ca href=\"http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.3109/0142159X.2012.737064?scroll=top&needAccess=true&\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">survey\u003c/a> of several hundred medical students found 94 percent use the site for health information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But despite its popularity, the reliability of Wikipedia's medical content has often been questioned. A 2011 \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3241521/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">review \u003c/a>on the accuracy and thoroughness of the site's medical entries found mixed results. Other studies show that the site fell short in \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24276492\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">gastroenterology and hepatology\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://aop.sagepub.com/content/42/12/1814.abstract\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">drug information\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3193353/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">statins\u003c/a> (later \u003ca href=\"http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0106930#pone.0106930-Kupferberg1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">improved\u003c/a>), and issues of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ijporlonline.com/article/S0165-5876(12)00336-9/abstract\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ear, nose and throat\u003c/a>. Other studies found the website provided better information in \u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/sdi.12059/epdf?r3_referer=wol&tracking_action=preview_click&show_checkout=1&purchase_referrer=onlinelibrary.wiley.com&purchase_site_license=LICENSE_DENIED_NO_CUSTOMER\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">nephrology\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/psychological-medicine/article/quality-of-information-sources-about-mental-disorders-a-comparison-of-wikipedia-with-centrally-controlled-web-and-printed-sources/595CEE672BB7C503101FAF5A9E303673\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">depression and schizophrenia\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal\">To get good health info online:\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Check multiple, high-quality sources like those from academic and government institutions.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Be alert for sites that contain information that conflicts with other sources, a possible indication of low-quality information.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Consult \u003ca href=\"http://www.uptodate.com/home\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">UpToDate\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">PubMed\u003c/a>, and peer-reviewed journals for primary research on a topic.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>If using Wikipedia, click the 'Talk' tab at the top of each page to see how the site's editors have rated the quality of the article. Look at the footnotes to check the sources of assertions.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But just recently, in \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://www.thelancet.com/journals/langlo/article/PIIS2214-109X(16)30254-6/fulltext\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Lancet: Global Health, \u003c/a>\u003c/em>researchers reported that Wikipedia entries on stillbirths were missing critical information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And a 2014 \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24778001\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">study\u003c/a> comparing peer-reviewed literature to the site's articles on 10 different widespread diseases and conditions found a significant number of assertions in the Wikipedia material that were unsupported by the evidence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heilman doesn't think much of that study; he co-wrote a \u003ca href=\"http://community-archive.cochrane.org/news/blog/wikipedia%E2%80%99s-medical-content-really-90-wrong\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">rebuttal\u003c/a> to it with other medical experts/Wikipedians. Still, he acknowledges \"there's a lot of work to do\" to bring health entries up to snuff. The reality of that is borne out by the small number of health articles -- \u003ca href=\"https://tools.wmflabs.org/enwp10/cgi-bin/list2.fcgi?run=yes&projecta=Medicine&quality=FA-Class%20featured%20health%20articles\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">63\u003c/a> -- that have received the highest grade by Wikipedia editors. Those articles qualify as featured articles on the encyclopedia's front page. (The next-best level -- \"good\" -- contains a mere \u003ca href=\"https://tools.wmflabs.org/enwp10/cgi-bin/list2.fcgi?run=yes&projecta=Medicine&quality=GA-Class\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">200 articles\u003c/a>.) The \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Medicine/Assessment#Quality_scale\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">criteria\u003c/a> for a \"featured\" article is comprehensiveness, neutrality and accuracy. That means the information has been verified against high-quality sources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Calls to Action\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/wikipedia-is-already-the-worlds-dr-google-its-time-for-doctors-and-researchers-to-make-it-better-66769\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">article\u003c/a> last month on the academic publishing site \"The Conversation\" by Thomas Shafee, one of the researchers who wrote about Wikipedia's inadequate \"stillbirth\" entries, is headlined \"Wikipedia is already the world’s ‘Dr Google’ -- it’s time for doctors and researchers to make it better.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Health professionals have a duty to improve the accuracy of medical entries in Wikipedia, because it’s the first port of call for people all over the world seeking medical information,\" Shafee wrote. \"The accuracy of the site is vital, because every medical entry... has the potential for immediate \u003ca href=\"http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/87/4/08-056713/en/\">real-world health consequences\u003c/a>.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others agree. University of California, San Francisco psychiatrist Amin Azzam recently co-authored a \u003ca href=\"http://journals.lww.com/academicmedicine/Abstract/publishahead/Why_Medical_Schools_Should_Embrace_Wikipedia__.98408.aspx\">report\u003c/a> published in the journal \u003cem>Academic Medicine \u003c/em>titled “Why Medical Schools Should Embrace Wikipedia.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Improving Wikipedia\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Efforts to improve the entire site, including the health section, are underway. Hundreds of students in both the U.S. and Canada, for example, are working as editors through the \u003ca href=\"https://wikiedu.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Wiki Education Foundation\u003c/a>, a nonprofit organization based in San Francisco that acts as a bridge between Wikipedia and academia. The organization encourages university faculty to assign students Wikipedia entries as a part of coursework.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Rather than write a biography of a woman scientist for their class that their instructor would read and throw away and never engage in again,\" says the foundation's LiAnna Davis, \"these students instead have the opportunity to create content for Wikipedia where thousands of people can gain from their work.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pharmacology students at the University of California, San Francisco, for example, are \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:UCSF_School_of_Medicine\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">working to improve entries\u003c/a> on popular drugs like the HIV antiviral drug \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abacavir\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Abacavir\u003c/a>. Students in a voice disorders class at McGill University in Montreal are adding information about \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laryngitis\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">laryngitis\u003c/a>. Students fill in missing information, improve gross inadequacies, and rewrite articles using fewer technical terms to appeal to the general public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2016, 280 science classes at universities in the U.S. and Canada have added content to 3,650 articles and generated 300 new entries receiving more than 102 million views, says Davis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heilman points to many efforts to improve articles, and a \u003ca href=\"http://translatorswithoutborders.org/?s=wikipedia\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">collaboration\u003c/a> with the group Translators Without Borders to rewrite Wikipedia medical content in as many languages as possible. That \u003ca href=\"https://opensource.com/life/16/11/support-indian-languages\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">includes Odia\u003c/a>, spoken by tens of millions of people in India that is not included in\u003ca href=\"https://translate.google.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> Google Translate\u003c/a>. Heilman also cites as a success the Wikipedia entry for dengue fever, which was published in the peer-reviewed open-access journal \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4242787/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Open Medicine\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal agencies are also tapping Wikipedia. The National Institutes of Health is creating an online biomedical \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/topics/health/a/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">dictionary\u003c/a> for PubMed Health. which provides consumer-friendly research information.\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/topics/health/a/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> \u003c/a>The NIH usually creates the definitions by drawing on material in its own collection, but sometimes It will use Wikipedia as a source. Both organizations benefit, as the NIH will flag Heilman if it comes across something inaccurate in the material.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heilman fervently hopes more health and science academics and professionals will help expand the accuracy of the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I spend a fair amount of time trying to convince my colleagues to come work on Wikipedia,\" he says. \"As a physician I believe all people deserve access to quality health care information.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How to Find Good Health Info\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So ... after all is said and done, how should the average person approach looking for health information on the Web?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Azzam, the UCSF psychiatrist who called for medical schools to embrace Wikipedia, would actually first send patients to government sites like the National Institutes of Health, Centers for Disease Control and National Library of Medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Many of those sites have information targeting 'lay' people,\" he wrote in an email. \"Additionally there are national advocacy organizations for specific disease and/or health conditions. For example, as a psychiatrist I will refer my patients and their families to the National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI).\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For those who do use Wikipedia, he recommends using the \"Talk\" tab near the top left of every page. That will take you to a rating of how thorough and accurate Wikipedia editors think the page is. He also looks at the references that each assertion of fact in Wikipedia entries are required to link to. (You can do this by clicking on the superscript numbers at the end of a sentence.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That gives me some idea of how much to trust the content,\" Azzam says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He recommends consulting multiple sources to ferret out any outliers, a method that is \"effectively a proxy measure for validity.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you want to consult material that health professionals use themselves, he recommends \u003ca href=\"http://www.uptodate.com/home\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">UpToDate\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">PubMed\u003c/a>, and peer-reviewed journals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health information is on a \"continuum,\" he believes, with subscription-only top tier scholarly journals on one end and the user-created Wikipedia on the other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We believe [journal] content to be the scientific truth as we know it because content experts have peer-reviewed the manuscripts,\" he says. \"But the challenge at that extreme is gaining access to that knowledge, especially with high-cost subscription charges.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That is why he's working with students to improve Wikipedia, \"pulling that pole toward the other end of the spectrum.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Since so many consumers of health information online are reading that content, I want to be a part of a movement to make it as high quality as possible!\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for Heilman, the avid health editor, he also recommends checking multiple, high-quality sources when looking for specific health information, paying attention to what they agree on. But that doesn't mean he's going to give up on improving Wikipedia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As a physician, I can help one person at a time,\" he says. \"But as a Wikipedian, I can make a difference in millions and millions of people’s lives.\"\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Medical professionals and students are working to improve Wikipedia entries on health and medicine in hopes of providing more reliable information to the public. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1504652839,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":42,"wordCount":1752},"headData":{"title":"How Do You Know Which Medical Information on Wikipedia to Trust? | KQED","description":"Medical professionals and students are working to improve Wikipedia entries on health and medicine in hopes of providing more reliable information to the public. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"How Do You Know Which Medical Information on Wikipedia to Trust?","datePublished":"2016-11-28T15:30:49.000Z","dateModified":"2017-09-05T23:07:19.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"273934 http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=273934","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/11/28/how-accurate-is-wikipedias-medical-information/","disqusTitle":"How Do You Know Which Medical Information on Wikipedia to Trust?","source":"Future of You","audioUrl":"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2016/11/WEBWikipediaMedicineTwoWay161128.mp3","path":"/futureofyou/273934/how-accurate-is-wikipedias-medical-information","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>James Heilman isn't an easy man to get a hold of; he kept offering us odd, off-hour windows of availability to do a phone interview. When we finally connected, he explained: He works the night shift as an emergency room physician in British Columbia. He also puts in time as a clinical assistant professor in emergency medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal\">\u003cstrong>How to check the accuracy of Wikipedia pages\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nYou can check how Wikipedians rate the quality and thoroughness of every entry on the encyclopedia by clicking on the \"Talk\" tab near the top left of each page. There you will find the page's rating, which will fall somewhere on this \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Medicine/Assessment#Quality_scale\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">scale\u003c/a>. Here are lists of the health articles with the \u003ca href=\"https://tools.wmflabs.org/enwp10/cgi-bin/list2.fcgi?run=yes&projecta=Medicine&quality=FA-Classhttps://tools.wmflabs.org/enwp10/cgi-bin/list2.fcgi?run=yes&projecta=Medicine&quality=FA-Class\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">highest\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://tools.wmflabs.org/enwp10/cgi-bin/list2.fcgi?run=yes&projecta=Medicine&quality=GA-Class\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">second-highest ratings\u003c/a>; these are the most trustworthy health entries.\u003c/span>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Then there's the 60 -- count'em, 60 -- hours a week he toils away editing Wikipedia, the massive online encyclopedia written and edited by, well, anyone who wants to give it a whirl.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"My wife likes to joke that Wikipedia's my mistress; I prefer to call it our first child,” he says, chuckling with a tinge of self-awareness that he's gone a bit off the rails in his goal of making the copious health-related pages on the site more accurate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So how does an emergency doc become an obsessive Wikipedian?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 10 years ago, he says, during a quiet night shift, he got to browsing one of the medical articles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I thought, 'Oh, my God this is really bad,'\" he says. \"And then I saw the edit button, and I realized, oh, my God, I could fix the internet! I sort of got madly hooked. I’ve been trying to fix the Internet ever since.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Accuracy Questioned\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of that quest was creating the \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Medicine\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">WikiProject Medicine\u003c/a> group, where 320 like-minded editors work on the site's \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_information_on_Wikipedia\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">health content. \u003c/a>Heilman estimates about half are medical professionals.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">\"I thought ‘Oh, my God this is really bad.' And then I saw the edit button, and I realized, oh, my God, I could fix the internet!\"\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Reworking Wikipedia health entries is not a trivial task. A 2014 study found about 25,000 pages of English-language health-related articles. That number is now up to 32,000, Heilman says. The health pages worldwide attracted almost \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4376174/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">4.9 billion pageviews\u003c/a> in 2013. A 2012 \u003ca href=\"http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.3109/0142159X.2012.737064?scroll=top&needAccess=true&\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">survey\u003c/a> of several hundred medical students found 94 percent use the site for health information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But despite its popularity, the reliability of Wikipedia's medical content has often been questioned. A 2011 \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3241521/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">review \u003c/a>on the accuracy and thoroughness of the site's medical entries found mixed results. Other studies show that the site fell short in \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24276492\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">gastroenterology and hepatology\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://aop.sagepub.com/content/42/12/1814.abstract\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">drug information\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3193353/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">statins\u003c/a> (later \u003ca href=\"http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0106930#pone.0106930-Kupferberg1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">improved\u003c/a>), and issues of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ijporlonline.com/article/S0165-5876(12)00336-9/abstract\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ear, nose and throat\u003c/a>. Other studies found the website provided better information in \u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/sdi.12059/epdf?r3_referer=wol&tracking_action=preview_click&show_checkout=1&purchase_referrer=onlinelibrary.wiley.com&purchase_site_license=LICENSE_DENIED_NO_CUSTOMER\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">nephrology\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/psychological-medicine/article/quality-of-information-sources-about-mental-disorders-a-comparison-of-wikipedia-with-centrally-controlled-web-and-printed-sources/595CEE672BB7C503101FAF5A9E303673\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">depression and schizophrenia\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal\">To get good health info online:\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Check multiple, high-quality sources like those from academic and government institutions.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Be alert for sites that contain information that conflicts with other sources, a possible indication of low-quality information.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Consult \u003ca href=\"http://www.uptodate.com/home\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">UpToDate\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">PubMed\u003c/a>, and peer-reviewed journals for primary research on a topic.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>If using Wikipedia, click the 'Talk' tab at the top of each page to see how the site's editors have rated the quality of the article. Look at the footnotes to check the sources of assertions.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But just recently, in \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://www.thelancet.com/journals/langlo/article/PIIS2214-109X(16)30254-6/fulltext\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Lancet: Global Health, \u003c/a>\u003c/em>researchers reported that Wikipedia entries on stillbirths were missing critical information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And a 2014 \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24778001\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">study\u003c/a> comparing peer-reviewed literature to the site's articles on 10 different widespread diseases and conditions found a significant number of assertions in the Wikipedia material that were unsupported by the evidence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heilman doesn't think much of that study; he co-wrote a \u003ca href=\"http://community-archive.cochrane.org/news/blog/wikipedia%E2%80%99s-medical-content-really-90-wrong\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">rebuttal\u003c/a> to it with other medical experts/Wikipedians. Still, he acknowledges \"there's a lot of work to do\" to bring health entries up to snuff. The reality of that is borne out by the small number of health articles -- \u003ca href=\"https://tools.wmflabs.org/enwp10/cgi-bin/list2.fcgi?run=yes&projecta=Medicine&quality=FA-Class%20featured%20health%20articles\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">63\u003c/a> -- that have received the highest grade by Wikipedia editors. Those articles qualify as featured articles on the encyclopedia's front page. (The next-best level -- \"good\" -- contains a mere \u003ca href=\"https://tools.wmflabs.org/enwp10/cgi-bin/list2.fcgi?run=yes&projecta=Medicine&quality=GA-Class\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">200 articles\u003c/a>.) The \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Medicine/Assessment#Quality_scale\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">criteria\u003c/a> for a \"featured\" article is comprehensiveness, neutrality and accuracy. That means the information has been verified against high-quality sources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Calls to Action\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/wikipedia-is-already-the-worlds-dr-google-its-time-for-doctors-and-researchers-to-make-it-better-66769\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">article\u003c/a> last month on the academic publishing site \"The Conversation\" by Thomas Shafee, one of the researchers who wrote about Wikipedia's inadequate \"stillbirth\" entries, is headlined \"Wikipedia is already the world’s ‘Dr Google’ -- it’s time for doctors and researchers to make it better.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Health professionals have a duty to improve the accuracy of medical entries in Wikipedia, because it’s the first port of call for people all over the world seeking medical information,\" Shafee wrote. \"The accuracy of the site is vital, because every medical entry... has the potential for immediate \u003ca href=\"http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/87/4/08-056713/en/\">real-world health consequences\u003c/a>.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others agree. University of California, San Francisco psychiatrist Amin Azzam recently co-authored a \u003ca href=\"http://journals.lww.com/academicmedicine/Abstract/publishahead/Why_Medical_Schools_Should_Embrace_Wikipedia__.98408.aspx\">report\u003c/a> published in the journal \u003cem>Academic Medicine \u003c/em>titled “Why Medical Schools Should Embrace Wikipedia.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Improving Wikipedia\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Efforts to improve the entire site, including the health section, are underway. Hundreds of students in both the U.S. and Canada, for example, are working as editors through the \u003ca href=\"https://wikiedu.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Wiki Education Foundation\u003c/a>, a nonprofit organization based in San Francisco that acts as a bridge between Wikipedia and academia. The organization encourages university faculty to assign students Wikipedia entries as a part of coursework.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Rather than write a biography of a woman scientist for their class that their instructor would read and throw away and never engage in again,\" says the foundation's LiAnna Davis, \"these students instead have the opportunity to create content for Wikipedia where thousands of people can gain from their work.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pharmacology students at the University of California, San Francisco, for example, are \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:UCSF_School_of_Medicine\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">working to improve entries\u003c/a> on popular drugs like the HIV antiviral drug \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abacavir\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Abacavir\u003c/a>. Students in a voice disorders class at McGill University in Montreal are adding information about \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laryngitis\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">laryngitis\u003c/a>. Students fill in missing information, improve gross inadequacies, and rewrite articles using fewer technical terms to appeal to the general public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2016, 280 science classes at universities in the U.S. and Canada have added content to 3,650 articles and generated 300 new entries receiving more than 102 million views, says Davis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heilman points to many efforts to improve articles, and a \u003ca href=\"http://translatorswithoutborders.org/?s=wikipedia\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">collaboration\u003c/a> with the group Translators Without Borders to rewrite Wikipedia medical content in as many languages as possible. That \u003ca href=\"https://opensource.com/life/16/11/support-indian-languages\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">includes Odia\u003c/a>, spoken by tens of millions of people in India that is not included in\u003ca href=\"https://translate.google.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> Google Translate\u003c/a>. Heilman also cites as a success the Wikipedia entry for dengue fever, which was published in the peer-reviewed open-access journal \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4242787/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Open Medicine\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal agencies are also tapping Wikipedia. The National Institutes of Health is creating an online biomedical \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/topics/health/a/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">dictionary\u003c/a> for PubMed Health. which provides consumer-friendly research information.\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/topics/health/a/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> \u003c/a>The NIH usually creates the definitions by drawing on material in its own collection, but sometimes It will use Wikipedia as a source. Both organizations benefit, as the NIH will flag Heilman if it comes across something inaccurate in the material.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heilman fervently hopes more health and science academics and professionals will help expand the accuracy of the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I spend a fair amount of time trying to convince my colleagues to come work on Wikipedia,\" he says. \"As a physician I believe all people deserve access to quality health care information.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How to Find Good Health Info\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So ... after all is said and done, how should the average person approach looking for health information on the Web?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Azzam, the UCSF psychiatrist who called for medical schools to embrace Wikipedia, would actually first send patients to government sites like the National Institutes of Health, Centers for Disease Control and National Library of Medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Many of those sites have information targeting 'lay' people,\" he wrote in an email. \"Additionally there are national advocacy organizations for specific disease and/or health conditions. For example, as a psychiatrist I will refer my patients and their families to the National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI).\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For those who do use Wikipedia, he recommends using the \"Talk\" tab near the top left of every page. That will take you to a rating of how thorough and accurate Wikipedia editors think the page is. He also looks at the references that each assertion of fact in Wikipedia entries are required to link to. (You can do this by clicking on the superscript numbers at the end of a sentence.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That gives me some idea of how much to trust the content,\" Azzam says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He recommends consulting multiple sources to ferret out any outliers, a method that is \"effectively a proxy measure for validity.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you want to consult material that health professionals use themselves, he recommends \u003ca href=\"http://www.uptodate.com/home\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">UpToDate\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">PubMed\u003c/a>, and peer-reviewed journals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health information is on a \"continuum,\" he believes, with subscription-only top tier scholarly journals on one end and the user-created Wikipedia on the other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We believe [journal] content to be the scientific truth as we know it because content experts have peer-reviewed the manuscripts,\" he says. \"But the challenge at that extreme is gaining access to that knowledge, especially with high-cost subscription charges.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That is why he's working with students to improve Wikipedia, \"pulling that pole toward the other end of the spectrum.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Since so many consumers of health information online are reading that content, I want to be a part of a movement to make it as high quality as possible!\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for Heilman, the avid health editor, he also recommends checking multiple, high-quality sources when looking for specific health information, paying attention to what they agree on. But that doesn't mean he's going to give up on improving Wikipedia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As a physician, I can help one person at a time,\" he says. \"But as a Wikipedian, I can make a difference in millions and millions of people’s lives.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/273934/how-accurate-is-wikipedias-medical-information","authors":["11229","80"],"categories":["futureofyou_1060","futureofyou_452","futureofyou_1","futureofyou_73"],"tags":["futureofyou_141","futureofyou_80","futureofyou_113","futureofyou_1119"],"featImg":"futureofyou_274048","label":"source_futureofyou_273934"},"futureofyou_153628":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_153628","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"153628","score":null,"sort":[1461861032000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"when-a-robot-counts-out-your-pills-what-will-your-pharmacist-do","title":"Robots Are Now Handling Pills. Will Pharmacists Be Liberated or Out of Work?","publishDate":1461861032,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>One of the most important things a pharmacist does after five or six years of training is make sure you get the correct number of pills in the correct dosage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, it seems, robots are better at doing that than people. Even trained pharmacist people. Actually, it's a perfect job for a robot: a repetitive and mundane task.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Automation has led to the ability for us to reinvent ourselves as a profession, and we need to take the challenge.'\u003ccite>Dr. Marilyn Stebbins, UCSF\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>And artificial intelligence has finally matured to the point where doctors trust robots (with human supervision) to do it. For five years now, the UCSF Medical Center has relied on an automated “robot pharmacy” to fill prescriptions, and a fleet of thousands of autonomous bots to deliver them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rita Jew, director of the UCSF program, says the robots have worked for five years with 100% accuracy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Humans are involved only to stock the medications in the canisters that the robots pluck off a rack, and to grab the packaged and labeled medications the robot spits out and send it on its way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if the meds are going to a patient in the hospital, a human might hand them off to a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/03/01/hospital-uses-robots-instead-of-people-to-cart-things-around/\" target=\"_blank\">Tug robot\u003c/a> that rolls around the hospital from floor to floor, dropping off prescriptions at each nurse’s station.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The job of finding medications and dispensing the right amount for the right patient, is called “pulling” drugs. There used to be seven pharmacy technicians pulling drugs, with three to four pharmacists supervising them. Now, Jew says she needs at most two technicians to interface with the bots, and the other techs were reassigned to work such as collecting medication history\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_121044\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 770px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/tug.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-121044\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/tug.jpg\" alt=\"A tug enters the kitchen of the UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospital in San Francisco. \" width=\"770\" height=\"514\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/tug.jpg 770w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/tug-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/tug-768x513.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 770px) 100vw, 770px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A tug enters the kitchen of the UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospital in San Francisco. \u003ccite>(Heidi de Marco/KHN)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Robots are faster and more accurate than people—a recent \u003ca href=\"http://www.ajhp.org/content/72/17/1471.abstract\">study\u003c/a> from a medical center in Houston found that in one year their pharmacists made an average of almost five medication errors for every 100,000 prescriptions. That’s not a lot, but it’s a lot more than zero.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Will Robots Replace Pharmacists?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This bionic competition has some pharmacists worried about whether humans have a role in the future of their profession. A paper published in the American Journal of Pharmacy Education last year warned of a potential glut of more than 40,000 pharmacy school grads by 2022.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Technology and automation are going to do a whole lot of things that the traditional pharmacist has done,” says Dr. Marilyn Stebbins, a pharmacy professor and vice-chair of clinical innovation at UCSF. “If the pharmacists don’t prove their value outside of their existing roles, automation will win because ultimately it will be cheaper.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means pharmacists need to carve out new niches robots can’t fill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California lawmakers recently \u003ca href=\"http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/pub/13-14/bill/sen/sb_0451-0500/sb_493_bill_20131001_chaptered.html\" target=\"_blank\">authorized pharmacists\u003c/a> who have certain levels of training and experience to prescribe medications, including nicotine replacements and hormonal birth control, and take a more active role in primary care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"bM52RWQkoiFSagHpIhxBjL4WpsA39bOf\"]This means the person behind the counter at Walgreens would be able to help patients quit smoking, or review their full medical record to make sure they’re getting the best medication for their condition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s kind of a pivot in the role of the pharmacist but it’s up to us to take this opportunity,” says Dr. Lisa Kroon, a clinical pharmacy professor at UCSF.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But so far this new role doesn’t come with any extra pay for extra services. The new law doesn’t include regulations to allow pharmacists to be paid for their services. Pharmacists are still reimbursed just for the products they provide. So Stebbins says pharmacists' potential to fill gaps in the healthcare system may remain untapped until there's some way to pay them for it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Facing a New Future\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kroon has been practicing for 20 years, and she says pharmacists have been talking about the “threat” of automation for as long as she can remember. But she says this is the wrong way to think about technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our stand here at our school is if [dispensing medication] is all you want to do, don’t come to this school,” Kroon says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One innovation Stebbins is working on is an app that allows patients to track their blood pressure and other vital signs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The data are then shared with both their doctor and pharmacist—but it’s the pharmacist who would be responsible for checking in with patients, tracking their data, making sure they’re taking their medication and monitoring whether the medication is working.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_153717\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/04/robotic-pharmacy-main_0.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-153717\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/04/robotic-pharmacy-main_0-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Pharmacy resident Oliver Hsu photographs medication expiration dates.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/04/robotic-pharmacy-main_0-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/04/robotic-pharmacy-main_0-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/04/robotic-pharmacy-main_0-768x512.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/04/robotic-pharmacy-main_0-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/04/robotic-pharmacy-main_0-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/04/robotic-pharmacy-main_0-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pharmacy resident Oliver Hsu photographs medication expiration dates. \u003ccite>(Susan Merrell/UCSF)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The pharmacist is the ultimate medication manager,” Stebbins says. “That’s what our training is all about.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stebbins has also helped develop a new automated call service, in which patients get a phone call within the first two days after they leave the hospital, asking if they have questions about their medication. If they do, Stebbins gets a text or email and she or one of her team of pharmacy students can respond to the patient’s concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Getting the pharmacist involved sooner through services like this call service, frees up more time for the physician to focus on other aspects of the patient’s recovery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People have to embrace technology, and not fear it,” she says. “The ultimate thing is that automation has led to the ability for us to reinvent ourselves as a profession, and we need to take the challenge.”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Robots can fill prescriptions with more accuracy than humans, leaving pharmacists to reimagine their role.\r\n","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1462053213,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":27,"wordCount":978},"headData":{"title":"Robots Are Now Handling Pills. Will Pharmacists Be Liberated or Out of Work? | KQED","description":"Robots can fill prescriptions with more accuracy than humans, leaving pharmacists to reimagine their role.\r\n","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Robots Are Now Handling Pills. Will Pharmacists Be Liberated or Out of Work?","datePublished":"2016-04-28T16:30:32.000Z","dateModified":"2016-04-30T21:53:33.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"153628 http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=153628","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/04/28/when-a-robot-counts-out-your-pills-what-will-your-pharmacist-do/","disqusTitle":"Robots Are Now Handling Pills. Will Pharmacists Be Liberated or Out of Work?","source":"Big Ideas","path":"/futureofyou/153628/when-a-robot-counts-out-your-pills-what-will-your-pharmacist-do","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>One of the most important things a pharmacist does after five or six years of training is make sure you get the correct number of pills in the correct dosage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, it seems, robots are better at doing that than people. Even trained pharmacist people. Actually, it's a perfect job for a robot: a repetitive and mundane task.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Automation has led to the ability for us to reinvent ourselves as a profession, and we need to take the challenge.'\u003ccite>Dr. Marilyn Stebbins, UCSF\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>And artificial intelligence has finally matured to the point where doctors trust robots (with human supervision) to do it. For five years now, the UCSF Medical Center has relied on an automated “robot pharmacy” to fill prescriptions, and a fleet of thousands of autonomous bots to deliver them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rita Jew, director of the UCSF program, says the robots have worked for five years with 100% accuracy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Humans are involved only to stock the medications in the canisters that the robots pluck off a rack, and to grab the packaged and labeled medications the robot spits out and send it on its way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if the meds are going to a patient in the hospital, a human might hand them off to a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/03/01/hospital-uses-robots-instead-of-people-to-cart-things-around/\" target=\"_blank\">Tug robot\u003c/a> that rolls around the hospital from floor to floor, dropping off prescriptions at each nurse’s station.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The job of finding medications and dispensing the right amount for the right patient, is called “pulling” drugs. There used to be seven pharmacy technicians pulling drugs, with three to four pharmacists supervising them. Now, Jew says she needs at most two technicians to interface with the bots, and the other techs were reassigned to work such as collecting medication history\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_121044\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 770px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/tug.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-121044\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/tug.jpg\" alt=\"A tug enters the kitchen of the UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospital in San Francisco. \" width=\"770\" height=\"514\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/tug.jpg 770w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/tug-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/tug-768x513.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 770px) 100vw, 770px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A tug enters the kitchen of the UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospital in San Francisco. \u003ccite>(Heidi de Marco/KHN)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Robots are faster and more accurate than people—a recent \u003ca href=\"http://www.ajhp.org/content/72/17/1471.abstract\">study\u003c/a> from a medical center in Houston found that in one year their pharmacists made an average of almost five medication errors for every 100,000 prescriptions. That’s not a lot, but it’s a lot more than zero.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Will Robots Replace Pharmacists?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This bionic competition has some pharmacists worried about whether humans have a role in the future of their profession. A paper published in the American Journal of Pharmacy Education last year warned of a potential glut of more than 40,000 pharmacy school grads by 2022.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Technology and automation are going to do a whole lot of things that the traditional pharmacist has done,” says Dr. Marilyn Stebbins, a pharmacy professor and vice-chair of clinical innovation at UCSF. “If the pharmacists don’t prove their value outside of their existing roles, automation will win because ultimately it will be cheaper.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means pharmacists need to carve out new niches robots can’t fill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California lawmakers recently \u003ca href=\"http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/pub/13-14/bill/sen/sb_0451-0500/sb_493_bill_20131001_chaptered.html\" target=\"_blank\">authorized pharmacists\u003c/a> who have certain levels of training and experience to prescribe medications, including nicotine replacements and hormonal birth control, and take a more active role in primary care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>This means the person behind the counter at Walgreens would be able to help patients quit smoking, or review their full medical record to make sure they’re getting the best medication for their condition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s kind of a pivot in the role of the pharmacist but it’s up to us to take this opportunity,” says Dr. Lisa Kroon, a clinical pharmacy professor at UCSF.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But so far this new role doesn’t come with any extra pay for extra services. The new law doesn’t include regulations to allow pharmacists to be paid for their services. Pharmacists are still reimbursed just for the products they provide. So Stebbins says pharmacists' potential to fill gaps in the healthcare system may remain untapped until there's some way to pay them for it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Facing a New Future\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kroon has been practicing for 20 years, and she says pharmacists have been talking about the “threat” of automation for as long as she can remember. But she says this is the wrong way to think about technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our stand here at our school is if [dispensing medication] is all you want to do, don’t come to this school,” Kroon says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One innovation Stebbins is working on is an app that allows patients to track their blood pressure and other vital signs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The data are then shared with both their doctor and pharmacist—but it’s the pharmacist who would be responsible for checking in with patients, tracking their data, making sure they’re taking their medication and monitoring whether the medication is working.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_153717\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/04/robotic-pharmacy-main_0.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-153717\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/04/robotic-pharmacy-main_0-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Pharmacy resident Oliver Hsu photographs medication expiration dates.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/04/robotic-pharmacy-main_0-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/04/robotic-pharmacy-main_0-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/04/robotic-pharmacy-main_0-768x512.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/04/robotic-pharmacy-main_0-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/04/robotic-pharmacy-main_0-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/04/robotic-pharmacy-main_0-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pharmacy resident Oliver Hsu photographs medication expiration dates. \u003ccite>(Susan Merrell/UCSF)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The pharmacist is the ultimate medication manager,” Stebbins says. “That’s what our training is all about.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stebbins has also helped develop a new automated call service, in which patients get a phone call within the first two days after they leave the hospital, asking if they have questions about their medication. If they do, Stebbins gets a text or email and she or one of her team of pharmacy students can respond to the patient’s concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Getting the pharmacist involved sooner through services like this call service, frees up more time for the physician to focus on other aspects of the patient’s recovery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People have to embrace technology, and not fear it,” she says. “The ultimate thing is that automation has led to the ability for us to reinvent ourselves as a profession, and we need to take the challenge.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/153628/when-a-robot-counts-out-your-pills-what-will-your-pharmacist-do","authors":["6616"],"categories":["futureofyou_452","futureofyou_1","futureofyou_73"],"tags":["futureofyou_893","futureofyou_365","futureofyou_113"],"featImg":"futureofyou_153689","label":"source_futureofyou_153628"},"futureofyou_152397":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_152397","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"152397","score":null,"sort":[1461643523000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"ucsf-receives-185-million-gift-for-neuroscience-research-care","title":"UCSF Receives $185 Million Gift For Neuroscience Research, Care","publishDate":1461643523,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"futureofyou"},"content":"\u003cp>UCSF just received its largest, individual financial gift ever - a donation of $185 million dedicated to neurosciences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The donation was made by Sanford Weill, the former CEO of Citigroup, and his wife, Joan. Weill says the gift is partly inspired by his father’s lifelong struggle with depression, and his mother's battle with Alzheimer's disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Mental illness definitely strikes a very personal chord in both of us.”\u003ccite>Joan Weill, philanthropic donor.\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“For the last 15 years of her life she was in an institution where she didn’t say a word,” says Weill. “She had no expression as it related to anything. So, that person who looked like my mother was really not my mother. This is a horrible disease!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Weill hopes the downward spiral he witnessed with his mother's demise may someday be prevented through therapeutic advances discovered at UCSF.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joan Weill nods her head in agreement. Tears fill her eyes as she remembers a dear family friend who recently committed suicide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was such a tragedy,” She explains with a quivering voice. “This man suffered from depression his whole life. So, mental illness definitely strikes a very personal chord in both of us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The money will fund a new 270-thousand square foot facility in Mission Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“If we don’t make breakthroughs in Alzheimer's, MS, autism and all the neuro-degenerative diseases it's going to be trillions and trillions of dollars,” '\u003ccite>Sanford Weill, former CEO Citigroup\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\"The Weill institute will bring together the traditional disciplines of neurology, psychiatry, neurosurgery and basic neurosciences to make advances in a faster way than was possible earlier,\" explains neurologist Steve Hauser, the institute’s new director.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hope is that UCSF faculty will work across disciplines, and share their research with each other more often if they work in the same place. Currently, neurological departments are spread across different campuses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to 45 new research labs, the new institute will house clinics that will provide care to patients with diseases including:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias; amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS); and Huntington’s disease.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Movement disorders, including Parkinson’s disease and dystonia.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Sleep disorders.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Chronic pain and migraines.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Paralysis caused by stroke or injury.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Weill says it's crucial to prioritize neurological research to lower health care costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we don’t make breakthroughs in Alzheimer's, MS, autism and all the neuro-degenerative diseases it's going to be trillions and trillions of dollars,” says Weill. “And, that’s not a good thing. Nor is the quality of life (for these patients) that’s available today.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The philanthropic couple, who split time between their homes in Sonoma County and New York City, is dedicated to staying intellectually engaged and mentally stimulated as they move into their elder years. The couple will soon celebrate their 61st wedding anniversary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We've got to keep our minds working so that we can continue to relate to each other,” says Weill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And, so we know who each other are!” laughs Joan Weill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"UCSF received its largest financial gift ever - a donation of $185 million dedicated to neurosciences.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1461691849,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":17,"wordCount":538},"headData":{"title":"UCSF Receives $185 Million Gift For Neuroscience Research, Care | KQED","description":"UCSF received its largest financial gift ever - a donation of $185 million dedicated to neurosciences.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"UCSF Receives $185 Million Gift For Neuroscience Research, Care","datePublished":"2016-04-26T04:05:23.000Z","dateModified":"2016-04-26T17:30:49.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"152397 http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=152397","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/04/25/ucsf-receives-185-million-gift-for-neuroscience-research-care/","disqusTitle":"UCSF Receives $185 Million Gift For Neuroscience Research, Care","path":"/futureofyou/152397/ucsf-receives-185-million-gift-for-neuroscience-research-care","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>UCSF just received its largest, individual financial gift ever - a donation of $185 million dedicated to neurosciences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The donation was made by Sanford Weill, the former CEO of Citigroup, and his wife, Joan. Weill says the gift is partly inspired by his father’s lifelong struggle with depression, and his mother's battle with Alzheimer's disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Mental illness definitely strikes a very personal chord in both of us.”\u003ccite>Joan Weill, philanthropic donor.\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“For the last 15 years of her life she was in an institution where she didn’t say a word,” says Weill. “She had no expression as it related to anything. So, that person who looked like my mother was really not my mother. This is a horrible disease!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Weill hopes the downward spiral he witnessed with his mother's demise may someday be prevented through therapeutic advances discovered at UCSF.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joan Weill nods her head in agreement. Tears fill her eyes as she remembers a dear family friend who recently committed suicide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was such a tragedy,” She explains with a quivering voice. “This man suffered from depression his whole life. So, mental illness definitely strikes a very personal chord in both of us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The money will fund a new 270-thousand square foot facility in Mission Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“If we don’t make breakthroughs in Alzheimer's, MS, autism and all the neuro-degenerative diseases it's going to be trillions and trillions of dollars,” '\u003ccite>Sanford Weill, former CEO Citigroup\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\"The Weill institute will bring together the traditional disciplines of neurology, psychiatry, neurosurgery and basic neurosciences to make advances in a faster way than was possible earlier,\" explains neurologist Steve Hauser, the institute’s new director.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hope is that UCSF faculty will work across disciplines, and share their research with each other more often if they work in the same place. Currently, neurological departments are spread across different campuses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to 45 new research labs, the new institute will house clinics that will provide care to patients with diseases including:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias; amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS); and Huntington’s disease.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Movement disorders, including Parkinson’s disease and dystonia.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Sleep disorders.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Chronic pain and migraines.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Paralysis caused by stroke or injury.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Weill says it's crucial to prioritize neurological research to lower health care costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we don’t make breakthroughs in Alzheimer's, MS, autism and all the neuro-degenerative diseases it's going to be trillions and trillions of dollars,” says Weill. “And, that’s not a good thing. Nor is the quality of life (for these patients) that’s available today.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The philanthropic couple, who split time between their homes in Sonoma County and New York City, is dedicated to staying intellectually engaged and mentally stimulated as they move into their elder years. The couple will soon celebrate their 61st wedding anniversary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We've got to keep our minds working so that we can continue to relate to each other,” says Weill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And, so we know who each other are!” laughs Joan Weill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/152397/ucsf-receives-185-million-gift-for-neuroscience-research-care","authors":["11229"],"categories":["futureofyou_452","futureofyou_1","futureofyou_73"],"tags":["futureofyou_56","futureofyou_885","futureofyou_59","futureofyou_886","futureofyou_113"],"featImg":"futureofyou_152407","label":"futureofyou"},"futureofyou_122381":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_122381","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"122381","score":null,"sort":[1457115508000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"is-your-baby-at-risk-for-obesity-new-tool-predicts-likelihood","title":"Is Your Baby at Risk for Childhood Obesity? New Tool Predicts Likelihood","publishDate":1457115508,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Future of You | KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"term":54,"site":"futureofyou"},"content":"\u003cp>What if you could predict whether you'd be overweight five years from now?\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"“pullquote alignright\">Two factors played the biggest role in predicting childhood obesity: higher-than-average birth weight and the amount a baby had gained at six months.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Adults face varying degrees of difficulty in avoiding a beer belly. But once a child becomes obese, he or she is likely to stay that way into adulthood, with an increased risk for hypertension, diabetes and metabolic disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's why UCSF has developed an algorithm it says can predict the likelihood a baby will be obese by age five.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pediatrician \u003ca href=\"http://healthcare.utah.edu/fad/mddetail.php?physicianID=u6001564\" target=\"_blank\">Jacob Robson\u003c/a>, lead author of a \u003ca href=\"http://www.jpeds.com/pb/assets/raw/Health%20Advance/journals/ympd/8123_Robson.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">study on the algorithm\u003c/a> published in The Journal of Pediatrics Friday, \u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10.5pt;font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'\">\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'\">said \u003c/span>\u003c/span>age five was the focus of the research because that's the age children enter school and become more susceptible to making poor food choices, and because that was the data that was available.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Robson and UCSF epidemiologist \u003ca href=\"https://pediatrics.ucsf.edu/faculty/janet-wojcicki-phd-mph\" target=\"_blank\">Janet Wojcicki\u003c/a> recruited a high-risk demographic—pregnant Latina women and their children—and tracked them over five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of the 166 children they followed, almost one-third were obese by age 5.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\"Low-income minority groups are disproportionately impacted by obesity,\" says Wojcicki. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\"Disadvantaged groups have less access to care, and they’re often living in food deserts and may not have a great-built environment where they have opportunities for physical exercise.\"\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Wojcicki added that a\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">ll groups in the U.S. are at risk for obesity. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Approximately \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/obesity/data/childhood.html\" target=\"_blank\">12.7 million children and adolescents are obese\u003c/a> in the U.S., according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The CDC \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/obesity/childhood/defining.html\" target=\"_blank\">defines obesity\u003c/a> in children and teens as a body mass index, or BMI, at or above the 95th percentile for their peers of the same age and sex.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But now, Wojcicki and Robson say, their predictive model can lead to early intervention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The team's algorithm scans electronic health records and analyzes 10 data points, like a mom's weight before pregnancy, a baby's birth weight and whether she's being breastfed—all information that is routinely collected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Based on this data, the algorithm states the percentage that a child will likely be obese by age 5.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Using the algorithm, researchers found that 94 percent of infants whose risk was ranked below the 25th percentile landed in the normal weight range by age five. In contrast, \u003cspan class=\"s1\">61 percent of those whose risk level was scored above the 75th\u003c/span>\u003cspan class=\"s1\"> percentile were obese by age five.\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Wojcicki and her team found two factors played the biggest role in predicting childhood obesity: higher-than-average birth weight and the amount a baby had gained six months after birth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Any super-accelerated weight gain is concerning,\" says Wojcick\u003cstrong>i.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wojcicki and Robson envision a system where doctors receive alerts on their phones if the algorithm detects an at-risk patient. Then they could inform the mother before her child reaches kindergarten.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The key is to start early.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A lot of the apps people are working on in Silicon Valley are for targeting kids that are already overweight,\" says Wojcicki. She says by that time it may be too late.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\"Most prevention efforts are not harmful,\" jokes Robson. \"Decreasing screen time, getting more exercise, eating healthy and targeting kids early could play big role.\"\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers' next step is to test more mothers and their children to confirm the study's findings.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"UCSF researchers create an algorithm they say can predict the likelihood an infant will be obese by the time he or she is five years old.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1514571496,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":20,"wordCount":617},"headData":{"title":"Is Your Baby at Risk for Childhood Obesity? New Tool Predicts Likelihood | KQED","description":"UCSF researchers create an algorithm they say can predict the likelihood an infant will be obese by the time he or she is five years old.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Is Your Baby at Risk for Childhood Obesity? New Tool Predicts Likelihood","datePublished":"2016-03-04T18:18:28.000Z","dateModified":"2017-12-29T18:18:16.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"122381 http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=122381","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/03/04/is-your-baby-at-risk-for-obesity-new-tool-predicts-likelihood/","disqusTitle":"Is Your Baby at Risk for Childhood Obesity? New Tool Predicts Likelihood","path":"/futureofyou/122381/is-your-baby-at-risk-for-obesity-new-tool-predicts-likelihood","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>What if you could predict whether you'd be overweight five years from now?\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"“pullquote alignright\">Two factors played the biggest role in predicting childhood obesity: higher-than-average birth weight and the amount a baby had gained at six months.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Adults face varying degrees of difficulty in avoiding a beer belly. But once a child becomes obese, he or she is likely to stay that way into adulthood, with an increased risk for hypertension, diabetes and metabolic disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's why UCSF has developed an algorithm it says can predict the likelihood a baby will be obese by age five.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pediatrician \u003ca href=\"http://healthcare.utah.edu/fad/mddetail.php?physicianID=u6001564\" target=\"_blank\">Jacob Robson\u003c/a>, lead author of a \u003ca href=\"http://www.jpeds.com/pb/assets/raw/Health%20Advance/journals/ympd/8123_Robson.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">study on the algorithm\u003c/a> published in The Journal of Pediatrics Friday, \u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10.5pt;font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'\">\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'\">said \u003c/span>\u003c/span>age five was the focus of the research because that's the age children enter school and become more susceptible to making poor food choices, and because that was the data that was available.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Robson and UCSF epidemiologist \u003ca href=\"https://pediatrics.ucsf.edu/faculty/janet-wojcicki-phd-mph\" target=\"_blank\">Janet Wojcicki\u003c/a> recruited a high-risk demographic—pregnant Latina women and their children—and tracked them over five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of the 166 children they followed, almost one-third were obese by age 5.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\"Low-income minority groups are disproportionately impacted by obesity,\" says Wojcicki. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\"Disadvantaged groups have less access to care, and they’re often living in food deserts and may not have a great-built environment where they have opportunities for physical exercise.\"\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Wojcicki added that a\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">ll groups in the U.S. are at risk for obesity. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Approximately \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/obesity/data/childhood.html\" target=\"_blank\">12.7 million children and adolescents are obese\u003c/a> in the U.S., according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The CDC \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/obesity/childhood/defining.html\" target=\"_blank\">defines obesity\u003c/a> in children and teens as a body mass index, or BMI, at or above the 95th percentile for their peers of the same age and sex.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But now, Wojcicki and Robson say, their predictive model can lead to early intervention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The team's algorithm scans electronic health records and analyzes 10 data points, like a mom's weight before pregnancy, a baby's birth weight and whether she's being breastfed—all information that is routinely collected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Based on this data, the algorithm states the percentage that a child will likely be obese by age 5.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Using the algorithm, researchers found that 94 percent of infants whose risk was ranked below the 25th percentile landed in the normal weight range by age five. In contrast, \u003cspan class=\"s1\">61 percent of those whose risk level was scored above the 75th\u003c/span>\u003cspan class=\"s1\"> percentile were obese by age five.\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Wojcicki and her team found two factors played the biggest role in predicting childhood obesity: higher-than-average birth weight and the amount a baby had gained six months after birth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Any super-accelerated weight gain is concerning,\" says Wojcick\u003cstrong>i.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wojcicki and Robson envision a system where doctors receive alerts on their phones if the algorithm detects an at-risk patient. Then they could inform the mother before her child reaches kindergarten.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The key is to start early.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A lot of the apps people are working on in Silicon Valley are for targeting kids that are already overweight,\" says Wojcicki. She says by that time it may be too late.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\"Most prevention efforts are not harmful,\" jokes Robson. \"Decreasing screen time, getting more exercise, eating healthy and targeting kids early could play big role.\"\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers' next step is to test more mothers and their children to confirm the study's findings.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/122381/is-your-baby-at-risk-for-obesity-new-tool-predicts-likelihood","authors":["5432"],"programs":["futureofyou_54"],"categories":["futureofyou_452","futureofyou_73"],"tags":["futureofyou_618","futureofyou_107","futureofyou_562","futureofyou_113"],"featImg":"futureofyou_122826","label":"futureofyou_54"},"futureofyou_77168":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_77168","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"77168","score":null,"sort":[1449274882000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"binge-watching-not-great-for-your-brain-study-says","title":"Binge-Watching? Not Great for Your Brain, Study Says","publishDate":1449274882,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"futureofyou"},"content":"\u003cp>When I kick back to watch a show, I tell myself I'm just going to watch one episode. But 45 minutes later, I'm watching another. And then another. For the rest of the day. There are a lot of things that TV and chilling can lead to, but among the less fun? Maybe more cognitive decline over time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers at the University of California, San Francisco checked in with 3,247 people for 25 years, starting when they were young adults. Every five years, they asked participants to estimate how much TV they watched daily. Every two to five years, the researchers looked at how much physical exercise people got. At the end of the 25 years, when the participants were in their 40s and 50s, they all took three tests that measured their memory, focus, and mental and physical quickness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"uECr7u2hokP3DmIWWCWk6H0P6OJUan9T\"]People who got little exercise or watched at least three hours of TV a day did worse on tests measuring cognitive focus and speed than those who got more exercise or watched less TV, according to the \u003ca href=\"http://archpsyc.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=2471270\">study\u003c/a>, published in \u003cem>JAMA Psychiatry \u003c/em>on Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Then people who had both low physical activity and high TV had even worse performance. It was an even bigger effect,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://profiles.ucsf.edu/kristine.yaffe\">Dr. Kristine Yaffe\u003c/a>, a psychiatrist at UCSF and senior author on the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of that loss of brain power could be because just sitting around motionless isn't very good for us. Scientists have known that lack of physical exercise could be a big risk factor in cognitive decline, says \u003ca href=\"https://iris.ucl.ac.uk/iris/browse/profile?upi=MRICH78\">Marcus Richards\u003c/a>, a psychologist at the University College London who was not involved in the study. \"But we don't know much about sedentary behavior [and cognition] right now,\" he says. If people who spend a lot of time binge-watching TV are doing so half-comatose on a cushion, they might not be doing their brain any favors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or perhaps it's something about TV watching itself, Yaffe thinks. \"Is it because by watching a lot of TV, you're not challenging your brain?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yaffe's team didn't look at whether people were watching smart, intellectual documentaries or mind-numbing shows like \u003cem>The Bachelor\u003c/em> or \u003cem>The Apprentice\u003c/em> for over three hours daily.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Some TV shows can be cognitively stimulating, and there's some evidence that cognitively stimulating activities can be protective and beneficial,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.brandeis.edu/facultyguide/person.html?emplid=a2b62c935b12262ab75d8f65acb2285d91e43a91\">Margie Lachman\u003c/a>, a psychologist at Brandeis University who was not involved in the study. Perhaps some content is better for your brain than others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study wasn't able to test the participant's cognitive function when they were young adults, either. It's possible that people who score lower on the tests are more likely to watch more TV than the other way around.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People with low cognitive function perhaps are less likely to engage in physical activity, and maybe more likely to engage in sedentary behaviors,\" Lachman says. Similarly, other studies have found that binge-watching TV is more \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/02/04/383527370/does-binge-watching-make-us-depressed-good-question\">common among depressed people\u003c/a>, but that doesn't mean it causes depression.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In either case, Yaffe says the decline in people's cognition speed and focus, while significant, wasn't huge – certainly not enough to affect someone's daily life. \"The question is what does it mean if you're 50 and you've got these slight changes? Does it mean you're on a path to greater changes down the line or does not make a difference? I don't think we really know the answer to that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Richards says it's reasonable to think the gap in cognitive function between high-volume TV watchers and infrequent watchers might widen over the years. For some, the early decline in cognitive functioning could become serious later in life. \"As the cohort ages, you would expect that rate of decline to become rather more rapid, with some people moving into clinical outcomes like dementia,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past, researchers have noticed that \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16239176\">physical exercise\u003c/a> might help protect against Alzheimer's or dementia later in life. Perhaps exercise could counteract all that TV, too. But if you're watching something trashy and can't get off the couch, maybe just, you know, go read a book.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Too+Much+TV+And+Chill+Could+Reduce+Brain+Power+Over+Time&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Young adults who watch at least three hours of TV a day might end up with less cognitive function by middle age, a study finds. That's especially true if they're sedentary couch potatoes.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1477273119,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":15,"wordCount":720},"headData":{"title":"Binge-Watching? Not Great for Your Brain, Study Says | KQED","description":"Young adults who watch at least three hours of TV a day might end up with less cognitive function by middle age, a study finds. That's especially true if they're sedentary couch potatoes.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Binge-Watching? Not Great for Your Brain, Study Says","datePublished":"2015-12-05T00:21:22.000Z","dateModified":"2016-10-24T01:38:39.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"77168 http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=77168","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2015/12/04/binge-watching-not-great-for-your-brain-study-says/","disqusTitle":"Binge-Watching? Not Great for Your Brain, Study Says","nprByline":"\u003cb>Angus Chen\u003c/br> NPR\u003c/b>","nprStoryId":"458071139","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=458071139&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/12/02/458071139/too-much-tv-and-chill-could-reduce-brain-power-over-time?ft=nprml&f=458071139","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Thu, 03 Dec 2015 17:04:00 -0500","nprStoryDate":"Wed, 02 Dec 2015 14:31:00 -0500","nprLastModifiedDate":"Thu, 03 Dec 2015 17:04:09 -0500","path":"/futureofyou/77168/binge-watching-not-great-for-your-brain-study-says","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When I kick back to watch a show, I tell myself I'm just going to watch one episode. But 45 minutes later, I'm watching another. And then another. For the rest of the day. There are a lot of things that TV and chilling can lead to, but among the less fun? Maybe more cognitive decline over time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers at the University of California, San Francisco checked in with 3,247 people for 25 years, starting when they were young adults. Every five years, they asked participants to estimate how much TV they watched daily. Every two to five years, the researchers looked at how much physical exercise people got. At the end of the 25 years, when the participants were in their 40s and 50s, they all took three tests that measured their memory, focus, and mental and physical quickness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>People who got little exercise or watched at least three hours of TV a day did worse on tests measuring cognitive focus and speed than those who got more exercise or watched less TV, according to the \u003ca href=\"http://archpsyc.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=2471270\">study\u003c/a>, published in \u003cem>JAMA Psychiatry \u003c/em>on Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Then people who had both low physical activity and high TV had even worse performance. It was an even bigger effect,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://profiles.ucsf.edu/kristine.yaffe\">Dr. Kristine Yaffe\u003c/a>, a psychiatrist at UCSF and senior author on the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of that loss of brain power could be because just sitting around motionless isn't very good for us. Scientists have known that lack of physical exercise could be a big risk factor in cognitive decline, says \u003ca href=\"https://iris.ucl.ac.uk/iris/browse/profile?upi=MRICH78\">Marcus Richards\u003c/a>, a psychologist at the University College London who was not involved in the study. \"But we don't know much about sedentary behavior [and cognition] right now,\" he says. If people who spend a lot of time binge-watching TV are doing so half-comatose on a cushion, they might not be doing their brain any favors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or perhaps it's something about TV watching itself, Yaffe thinks. \"Is it because by watching a lot of TV, you're not challenging your brain?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yaffe's team didn't look at whether people were watching smart, intellectual documentaries or mind-numbing shows like \u003cem>The Bachelor\u003c/em> or \u003cem>The Apprentice\u003c/em> for over three hours daily.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Some TV shows can be cognitively stimulating, and there's some evidence that cognitively stimulating activities can be protective and beneficial,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.brandeis.edu/facultyguide/person.html?emplid=a2b62c935b12262ab75d8f65acb2285d91e43a91\">Margie Lachman\u003c/a>, a psychologist at Brandeis University who was not involved in the study. Perhaps some content is better for your brain than others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study wasn't able to test the participant's cognitive function when they were young adults, either. It's possible that people who score lower on the tests are more likely to watch more TV than the other way around.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People with low cognitive function perhaps are less likely to engage in physical activity, and maybe more likely to engage in sedentary behaviors,\" Lachman says. Similarly, other studies have found that binge-watching TV is more \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/02/04/383527370/does-binge-watching-make-us-depressed-good-question\">common among depressed people\u003c/a>, but that doesn't mean it causes depression.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In either case, Yaffe says the decline in people's cognition speed and focus, while significant, wasn't huge – certainly not enough to affect someone's daily life. \"The question is what does it mean if you're 50 and you've got these slight changes? Does it mean you're on a path to greater changes down the line or does not make a difference? I don't think we really know the answer to that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Richards says it's reasonable to think the gap in cognitive function between high-volume TV watchers and infrequent watchers might widen over the years. For some, the early decline in cognitive functioning could become serious later in life. \"As the cohort ages, you would expect that rate of decline to become rather more rapid, with some people moving into clinical outcomes like dementia,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past, researchers have noticed that \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16239176\">physical exercise\u003c/a> might help protect against Alzheimer's or dementia later in life. Perhaps exercise could counteract all that TV, too. But if you're watching something trashy and can't get off the couch, maybe just, you know, go read a book.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Too+Much+TV+And+Chill+Could+Reduce+Brain+Power+Over+Time&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/77168/binge-watching-not-great-for-your-brain-study-says","authors":["byline_futureofyou_77168"],"categories":["futureofyou_1062"],"tags":["futureofyou_673","futureofyou_80","futureofyou_672","futureofyou_113"],"featImg":"futureofyou_77171","label":"futureofyou"},"futureofyou_64080":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_64080","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"64080","score":null,"sort":[1448904037000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"a-cure-for-aids-scientists-say-its-on-the-horizon","title":"A Cure for AIDS: Scientists Say It's 'On the Horizon'","publishDate":1448904037,"format":"image","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"futureofyou"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">P\u003c/span>aul Volberding is a UCSF oncologist who treated San Francisco's first HIV patients in the early 1980s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The patients were, in many cases, blind and demented and had cancer and had infections in their brains causing pressure and headaches,\" says Volberding. \"People now can’t imagine it, it was so bad.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Volberding says for years, HIV infection was a rapid death sentence. But in the 35 years since the epidemic began—thanks to sophisticated anti-retrovirals—it’s become a chronic illness that people can live with for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, on the eve of World AIDS Day, UCSF is scheduled to announce that it's receiving a $20 million grant to find a cure for AIDS over the next five years. It's part of a $100 million effort by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.amfar.org/\" target=\"_blank\">American Foundation for AIDS Research\u003c/a> or amfAR, to fund the most promising research that could lead to curing AIDS.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not long ago this might have sounded unbelievable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_65878\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 766px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/11/Paul-Volberding_1981-e1447277818233.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-65878\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/11/Paul-Volberding_1981-766x600.jpg\" alt=\"In 1981 Marcus Conant, MD (left) and Paul Volberding, MD (right) discuss Kaposi's Sarcoma, a disease that became one of the original AIDS-defining illnesses. \" width=\"766\" height=\"600\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In 1981, Dr. Marcus Conant (left) and Dr. Paul Volberding (right) discuss Kaposi's Sarcoma, which became one of the original AIDS-defining illnesses. \u003ccite>(UCSF)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I think it would have felt a lot like a moonshot, maybe five or six years ago,” Volberding says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But today, Volberding's lab and others in San Francisco are working for that moonshot: to develop treatments over the next several years that can drive the viral load down low enough that the body's own immune system can control or eliminate it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If it can be done anywhere, it can be done here,\" he says. \"It's a really exciting moment.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Problem With Treatment\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Food and Drug Administration \u003ca href=\"http://hab.hrsa.gov/livinghistory/timeline/1987.htm\" target=\"_blank\">approved zidovudine or AZT\u003c/a> in 1987; it was the first antiretroviral medication to treat HIV.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By 1996, \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/prevention/research/tap/\" target=\"_blank\">drug \"cocktails\" to treat HIV\u003c/a> became the standard of care for most patients. These highly active anti-retroviral therapies (HAART) helped manage the patient's viral load, maintained function of the immune system and prevented infections that could become fatal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After HAART became widespread, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/hus/chartbook.htm\" target=\"_blank\">reported a marked reduction in HIV-related deaths\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But these medications have side effects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Antiretrovirals are not a panacea,\" says amfAR CEO Kevin Robert Frost, who's based at the organization's headquarters in New York.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_72312\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 480px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/11/Kenneth-Cole_AIDS_ad.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-72312 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/11/Kenneth-Cole_AIDS_ad-e1448386139756-480x600.jpg\" alt=\"A Kenneth Cole/amfAR ad from 1993 when 234,225 died of AIDS.\" width=\"480\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/11/Kenneth-Cole_AIDS_ad-e1448386139756-480x600.jpg 480w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/11/Kenneth-Cole_AIDS_ad-e1448386139756-400x500.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/11/Kenneth-Cole_AIDS_ad-e1448386139756.jpg 574w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 100vw, 480px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Kenneth Cole/amfAR ad from 1993 when 234,225 people died of AIDS. \u003ccite>(amfAR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Frost says the drugs have side effects that include chronic inflammation and a range of infections that attack the weakened immune system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's why amfAR is spending $100 million to find a cure for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.amfar.org/worldwide-aids-stats/\" target=\"_blank\">nearly 37 million people living with HIV\u003c/a> around the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The only real way out of an epidemic like this is through a cure and a vaccine,\" says Frost. \"Because we’re gonna have to cure the people who have it now and we’re gonna have to vaccinate those to prevent them from getting it in the future.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>'Shock and Kill' the Virus\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like many HIV patients, TJ Lee is active and pain-free.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Once you get on meds and take care of yourself, you can live a very normal life,\" says Lee, who has been HIV-positive for 16 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Francisco resident takes just one pill a day to manage his HIV. As a program manager at the San Francisco AIDS Foundation he works with newly diagnosed people who don't know HIV is no longer a death sentence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I had somebody call me about a month ago,\" Lee says. \"He recently found out he had HIV and he thought he was going to die soon.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For people who have access to treatment, that's not really a concern anymore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, even people who are free of symptoms can have HIV lying dormant in their body’s T cells for years. The inactive virus could one day become active and reproduce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eliminating that latent virus is the focus of UCSF's research. With the $20 million amfAR grant, Volberding wants to target these viral cells with a method he calls shock and kill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The Shock and Kill Method of Eliminating the Virus\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/11/Shock-and-kill_edited1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-66472 aligncenter\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/11/Shock-and-kill_edited1-800x230.jpg\" alt=\"Shock and kill_edited\" width=\"800\" height=\"230\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/11/Shock-and-kill_edited1-800x230.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/11/Shock-and-kill_edited1-400x115.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/11/Shock-and-kill_edited1-1180x339.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/11/Shock-and-kill_edited1-960x276.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/11/Shock-and-kill_edited1.jpg 1592w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If the virus is dormant, we first need to wake up that cell to start producing the virus, that’s the shock part of it,\" Volberding says. \"And then, once the virus has been activated we want to do something to help the body kill off those cells, to get rid of the virus.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers have to wake up the virus because when it’s dormant, the infected cell is invisible to the immune system. By shocking it out of latency, scientists can kill the infected cells, and kill the virus as it reproduces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nhttp://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio//2015/11/AIDSCure.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This method could be \u003cem>an \u003c/em>answer, Frost says, not \u003cem>the\u003c/em> answer. Researchers are working on multiple ways of reducing the body's viral load, including rapid early treatment to abort the infection and gene therapy to engineer cells to make them resistant to infection. Plus, public health efforts aimed at prevention and treatment will continue to be important, especially in places like sub-Saharan Africa, where 28.5 million people are infected with HIV.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I don’t think we’re gonna wake up one day and see a headline in the newspaper that says 'Cure for AIDS Found,'” Frost says. \"It’s not that kind of a disease, it’s much more complicated than that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘People who say a cure for AIDS is impossible simply don’t understand the science.’\u003ccite> Kevin Robert Frost,\u003cbr>\namfAR CEO\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Because HIV mutates so quickly, he adds, a cure is likely to come in stages—sort of like a cancer model where a patient goes into remission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Remission would mean a point where the patient doesn’t need treatment, can’t infect anyone, and doesn't have chronic illnesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We’re likely to start out curing some of the people some of the time, then more of the people more of the time,\" he says, \"and hopefully get to a place where we cure most of the people most of the time, and everybody who needs it has access to it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Frost says eliminating the virus will take not one, but a series of scientific breakthroughs, as researchers work on all fronts from latency to gene editing and gene therapy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There are those who said space travel would never happen,\" says Frost. \"People who say a cure for AIDS is impossible simply don’t understand the science. We’re going to find a cure for AIDS; I can tell you that without the slightest hesitation or doubt in my mind.\"\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Thirty years since the AIDS epidemic broke out, we're closer than ever to finding a cure. And Bay Area scientists are getting $20 million to help find it.\r\n","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1456901661,"stats":{"hasAudio":true,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":38,"wordCount":1141},"headData":{"title":"A Cure for AIDS: Scientists Say It's 'On the Horizon' | KQED","description":"Thirty years since the AIDS epidemic broke out, we're closer than ever to finding a cure. And Bay Area scientists are getting $20 million to help find it.\r\n","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"A Cure for AIDS: Scientists Say It's 'On the Horizon'","datePublished":"2015-11-30T17:20:37.000Z","dateModified":"2016-03-02T06:54:21.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"64080 http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=64080","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2015/11/30/a-cure-for-aids-scientists-say-its-on-the-horizon/","disqusTitle":"A Cure for AIDS: Scientists Say It's 'On the Horizon'","path":"/futureofyou/64080/a-cure-for-aids-scientists-say-its-on-the-horizon","audioUrl":"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio//2015/11/AIDSCure.mp3","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">P\u003c/span>aul Volberding is a UCSF oncologist who treated San Francisco's first HIV patients in the early 1980s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The patients were, in many cases, blind and demented and had cancer and had infections in their brains causing pressure and headaches,\" says Volberding. \"People now can’t imagine it, it was so bad.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Volberding says for years, HIV infection was a rapid death sentence. But in the 35 years since the epidemic began—thanks to sophisticated anti-retrovirals—it’s become a chronic illness that people can live with for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, on the eve of World AIDS Day, UCSF is scheduled to announce that it's receiving a $20 million grant to find a cure for AIDS over the next five years. It's part of a $100 million effort by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.amfar.org/\" target=\"_blank\">American Foundation for AIDS Research\u003c/a> or amfAR, to fund the most promising research that could lead to curing AIDS.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not long ago this might have sounded unbelievable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_65878\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 766px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/11/Paul-Volberding_1981-e1447277818233.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-65878\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/11/Paul-Volberding_1981-766x600.jpg\" alt=\"In 1981 Marcus Conant, MD (left) and Paul Volberding, MD (right) discuss Kaposi's Sarcoma, a disease that became one of the original AIDS-defining illnesses. \" width=\"766\" height=\"600\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In 1981, Dr. Marcus Conant (left) and Dr. Paul Volberding (right) discuss Kaposi's Sarcoma, which became one of the original AIDS-defining illnesses. \u003ccite>(UCSF)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I think it would have felt a lot like a moonshot, maybe five or six years ago,” Volberding says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But today, Volberding's lab and others in San Francisco are working for that moonshot: to develop treatments over the next several years that can drive the viral load down low enough that the body's own immune system can control or eliminate it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If it can be done anywhere, it can be done here,\" he says. \"It's a really exciting moment.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Problem With Treatment\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Food and Drug Administration \u003ca href=\"http://hab.hrsa.gov/livinghistory/timeline/1987.htm\" target=\"_blank\">approved zidovudine or AZT\u003c/a> in 1987; it was the first antiretroviral medication to treat HIV.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By 1996, \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/prevention/research/tap/\" target=\"_blank\">drug \"cocktails\" to treat HIV\u003c/a> became the standard of care for most patients. These highly active anti-retroviral therapies (HAART) helped manage the patient's viral load, maintained function of the immune system and prevented infections that could become fatal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After HAART became widespread, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/hus/chartbook.htm\" target=\"_blank\">reported a marked reduction in HIV-related deaths\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But these medications have side effects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Antiretrovirals are not a panacea,\" says amfAR CEO Kevin Robert Frost, who's based at the organization's headquarters in New York.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_72312\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 480px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/11/Kenneth-Cole_AIDS_ad.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-72312 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/11/Kenneth-Cole_AIDS_ad-e1448386139756-480x600.jpg\" alt=\"A Kenneth Cole/amfAR ad from 1993 when 234,225 died of AIDS.\" width=\"480\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/11/Kenneth-Cole_AIDS_ad-e1448386139756-480x600.jpg 480w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/11/Kenneth-Cole_AIDS_ad-e1448386139756-400x500.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/11/Kenneth-Cole_AIDS_ad-e1448386139756.jpg 574w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 100vw, 480px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Kenneth Cole/amfAR ad from 1993 when 234,225 people died of AIDS. \u003ccite>(amfAR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Frost says the drugs have side effects that include chronic inflammation and a range of infections that attack the weakened immune system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's why amfAR is spending $100 million to find a cure for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.amfar.org/worldwide-aids-stats/\" target=\"_blank\">nearly 37 million people living with HIV\u003c/a> around the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The only real way out of an epidemic like this is through a cure and a vaccine,\" says Frost. \"Because we’re gonna have to cure the people who have it now and we’re gonna have to vaccinate those to prevent them from getting it in the future.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>'Shock and Kill' the Virus\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like many HIV patients, TJ Lee is active and pain-free.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Once you get on meds and take care of yourself, you can live a very normal life,\" says Lee, who has been HIV-positive for 16 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Francisco resident takes just one pill a day to manage his HIV. As a program manager at the San Francisco AIDS Foundation he works with newly diagnosed people who don't know HIV is no longer a death sentence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I had somebody call me about a month ago,\" Lee says. \"He recently found out he had HIV and he thought he was going to die soon.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For people who have access to treatment, that's not really a concern anymore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, even people who are free of symptoms can have HIV lying dormant in their body’s T cells for years. The inactive virus could one day become active and reproduce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eliminating that latent virus is the focus of UCSF's research. With the $20 million amfAR grant, Volberding wants to target these viral cells with a method he calls shock and kill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The Shock and Kill Method of Eliminating the Virus\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/11/Shock-and-kill_edited1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-66472 aligncenter\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/11/Shock-and-kill_edited1-800x230.jpg\" alt=\"Shock and kill_edited\" width=\"800\" height=\"230\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/11/Shock-and-kill_edited1-800x230.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/11/Shock-and-kill_edited1-400x115.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/11/Shock-and-kill_edited1-1180x339.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/11/Shock-and-kill_edited1-960x276.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/11/Shock-and-kill_edited1.jpg 1592w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If the virus is dormant, we first need to wake up that cell to start producing the virus, that’s the shock part of it,\" Volberding says. \"And then, once the virus has been activated we want to do something to help the body kill off those cells, to get rid of the virus.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers have to wake up the virus because when it’s dormant, the infected cell is invisible to the immune system. By shocking it out of latency, scientists can kill the infected cells, and kill the virus as it reproduces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"audioLink","attributes":{"named":{"src":"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio//2015/11/AIDSCure.mp3"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>This method could be \u003cem>an \u003c/em>answer, Frost says, not \u003cem>the\u003c/em> answer. Researchers are working on multiple ways of reducing the body's viral load, including rapid early treatment to abort the infection and gene therapy to engineer cells to make them resistant to infection. Plus, public health efforts aimed at prevention and treatment will continue to be important, especially in places like sub-Saharan Africa, where 28.5 million people are infected with HIV.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I don’t think we’re gonna wake up one day and see a headline in the newspaper that says 'Cure for AIDS Found,'” Frost says. \"It’s not that kind of a disease, it’s much more complicated than that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘People who say a cure for AIDS is impossible simply don’t understand the science.’\u003ccite> Kevin Robert Frost,\u003cbr>\namfAR CEO\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Because HIV mutates so quickly, he adds, a cure is likely to come in stages—sort of like a cancer model where a patient goes into remission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Remission would mean a point where the patient doesn’t need treatment, can’t infect anyone, and doesn't have chronic illnesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We’re likely to start out curing some of the people some of the time, then more of the people more of the time,\" he says, \"and hopefully get to a place where we cure most of the people most of the time, and everybody who needs it has access to it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Frost says eliminating the virus will take not one, but a series of scientific breakthroughs, as researchers work on all fronts from latency to gene editing and gene therapy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There are those who said space travel would never happen,\" says Frost. \"People who say a cure for AIDS is impossible simply don’t understand the science. We’re going to find a cure for AIDS; I can tell you that without the slightest hesitation or doubt in my mind.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/64080/a-cure-for-aids-scientists-say-its-on-the-horizon","authors":["5432"],"categories":["futureofyou_1","futureofyou_73"],"tags":["futureofyou_650","futureofyou_669","futureofyou_80","futureofyou_113"],"featImg":"futureofyou_66445","label":"futureofyou"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. 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You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn","officialWebsiteLink":"/mindshift/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"2"},"link":"/podcasts/mindshift","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"}},"morning-edition":{"id":"morning-edition","title":"Morning Edition","info":"\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. 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