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She has won several regional Emmy awards, a regional and a national Edward R. Murrow award. The Association for Health Journalists awarded Lesley best beat coverage. The Society of Professional Journalists has recognized her reporting several times. The Society of Environmental Journalists spotlighted her ongoing coverage of California's historic drought. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Before joining KQED in 2016, she covered food and sustainability for Capital Public Radio, the environment for Colorado Public Radio, and reported for both KUOW and KCTS9 in Seattle. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When not hunched over her laptop Lesley enjoys skiing with her toddler, surfing with her husband or scheming their next globetrotting adventure. Before motherhood she relished dancing tango till sunrise. 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Prior to joining KQED, Amel worked at Al Jazeera America, Al Jazeera English, Democracy Now! and Punched Productions. She also helped produce \u003cem>Changing Face of Harlem\u003c/em>, a documentary that tracked gentrification in Harlem over a period of ten years. She is a 2013 graduate of Brooklyn Law School and is currently researching war on terror prosecutions for an upcoming book.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c8b48ebc98e770640f3013c470d23f3e?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"amelscript","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"futureofyou","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Amel Ahmed | 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desserts, beverages, candy, beer and ice cream.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FDA also delisted styrene without ruling on its status as a carcinogen, according to the Natural Resources Defense Council, which, along with several other health and consumer organizations, filed a petition in 2015 asking the FDA to ban the chemicals on safety grounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cp>“Carcinogens\u003ca href=\"https://www.nrdc.org/media/2018/181005-0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> have no place\u003c/a> in the food we feed our families,\" Erik Olson, senior director of health and food at NRDC, said in a statement. \"This is welcome news for millions of Americans who have been unknowingly snacking on cancer-causing chemicals for far too long.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Since the FDA first approved the artificial flavors in 1964, government toxicology reports \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.edf.org/health/2018/05/17/fda-carcinogenic-flavors-petition/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">have shown t\u003c/a>hat six of them cause cancer in two species of animals, and that styrene is also “reasonably anticipated\" to be carcinogenic, according to the petition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A law passed in 1958 \u003ca href=\"https://www.gao.gov/products/HRD-82-3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">requires the FDA\u003c/a> to ban the use of any food additive found to cause cancer in animals or humans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The chemicals are hard to pin down \u003ca href=\"https://www.ceh.org/news-events/press-coverage/content/advocacy-groups-sue-fda-ban-seven-synthetic-food-flavors/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">on food labels\u003c/a> because they are listed as \"artificial flavors,\" according to the Center for Environmental Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FDA says the substances are used \"in very small amounts\" and carry \"very low levels of exposures\" \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/Food/NewsEvents/ConstituentUpdates/ucm622475.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">that do not pose\u003c/a> a risk to public health when used as intended.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Following FDA inaction on the petition, which was revised in 2016, a broad coalition of consumer and health groups \u003ca href=\"https://www.ceh.org/news-events/press-coverage/content/advocacy-groups-sue-fda-ban-seven-synthetic-food-flavors/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sued the FDA\u003c/a> in May of this year. In response to the court filing, the FDA agreed to make a decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The decision goes into effect immediately following publication in the Federal Register unless companies object. Food manufacturers will then have two years to comply with the ban.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The FDA moved to ban the chemicals, used in a wide variety foods, following government toxicology reports showing they can cause cancer. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1538784135,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":12,"wordCount":355},"headData":{"title":"FDA Bans Seven Artificial Flavors Used in Candy, Beer | KQED","description":"The FDA moved to ban the chemicals, used in a wide variety foods, following government toxicology reports showing they can cause cancer. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"444865 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=444865","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2018/10/05/fda-bans-seven-artificial-flavors-used-in-candy-beer/","disqusTitle":"FDA Bans Seven Artificial Flavors Used in Candy, Beer","source":"Health","path":"/futureofyou/444865/fda-bans-seven-artificial-flavors-used-in-candy-beer","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The U.S. Food and Drug Administration announced on Friday that it has \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/Food/NewsEvents/ConstituentUpdates/ucm622475.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">removed seven artificial flavors\u003c/a> from its list of approved food additives after animal studies showed that they cause cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The banned chemicals— benzophenone, ethyl acrylate, eugenyl methyl ether, myrcene, pulegone, and pyridine— can be found as flavors and flavor enhancers in common products such as baked goods, desserts, beverages, candy, beer and ice cream.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FDA also delisted styrene without ruling on its status as a carcinogen, according to the Natural Resources Defense Council, which, along with several other health and consumer organizations, filed a petition in 2015 asking the FDA to ban the chemicals on safety grounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cp>“Carcinogens\u003ca href=\"https://www.nrdc.org/media/2018/181005-0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> have no place\u003c/a> in the food we feed our families,\" Erik Olson, senior director of health and food at NRDC, said in a statement. \"This is welcome news for millions of Americans who have been unknowingly snacking on cancer-causing chemicals for far too long.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Since the FDA first approved the artificial flavors in 1964, government toxicology reports \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.edf.org/health/2018/05/17/fda-carcinogenic-flavors-petition/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">have shown t\u003c/a>hat six of them cause cancer in two species of animals, and that styrene is also “reasonably anticipated\" to be carcinogenic, according to the petition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A law passed in 1958 \u003ca href=\"https://www.gao.gov/products/HRD-82-3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">requires the FDA\u003c/a> to ban the use of any food additive found to cause cancer in animals or humans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The chemicals are hard to pin down \u003ca href=\"https://www.ceh.org/news-events/press-coverage/content/advocacy-groups-sue-fda-ban-seven-synthetic-food-flavors/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">on food labels\u003c/a> because they are listed as \"artificial flavors,\" according to the Center for Environmental Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FDA says the substances are used \"in very small amounts\" and carry \"very low levels of exposures\" \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/Food/NewsEvents/ConstituentUpdates/ucm622475.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">that do not pose\u003c/a> a risk to public health when used as intended.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Following FDA inaction on the petition, which was revised in 2016, a broad coalition of consumer and health groups \u003ca href=\"https://www.ceh.org/news-events/press-coverage/content/advocacy-groups-sue-fda-ban-seven-synthetic-food-flavors/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sued the FDA\u003c/a> in May of this year. In response to the court filing, the FDA agreed to make a decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The decision goes into effect immediately following publication in the Federal Register unless companies object. Food manufacturers will then have two years to comply with the ban.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/444865/fda-bans-seven-artificial-flavors-used-in-candy-beer","authors":["11428"],"categories":["futureofyou_1","futureofyou_73"],"tags":["futureofyou_103","futureofyou_1519","futureofyou_38","futureofyou_426","futureofyou_61"],"featImg":"futureofyou_444867","label":"source_futureofyou_444865"},"futureofyou_444424":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_444424","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"444424","score":null,"sort":[1536776801000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"in-just-5-years-7-states-developed-adult-obesity-rates-of-35-percent-or-higher","title":"In Just 5 Years, 7 States Developed Adult Obesity Rates of 35 Percent or Higher","publishDate":1536776801,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Seven U.S. states now have adult obesity rates of 35 percent or higher, up from zero states just five years ago, according to federal data released Wednesday.[contextly_sidebar id=\"99npNiyEmtYPSxMeUr9ZC2OpxalF30tD\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 2017 data, from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, highlight continuing discrepancies in adult obesity rates across geographic areas, race, and education levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The seven states with obesity rates of at least 35 percent in 2017 were Alabama, Arkansas, Iowa, Louisiana, Mississippi, Oklahoma, and West Virginia, which itself had the highest rate in the country at 38.1 percent. Colorado had the lowest obesity rate, at 22.6 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hawaii and Washington, D.C., were the only other places where fewer than 1 in 4 adults were obese.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overall, the South and Midwest had the highest prevalence of adult obesity, the data showed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_444430\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 877px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-444430\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/brfss_2017_obesity-overall.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"877\" height=\"528\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/brfss_2017_obesity-overall.jpg 877w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/brfss_2017_obesity-overall-160x96.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/brfss_2017_obesity-overall-800x482.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/brfss_2017_obesity-overall-768x462.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/brfss_2017_obesity-overall-240x144.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/brfss_2017_obesity-overall-375x226.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/brfss_2017_obesity-overall-520x313.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 877px) 100vw, 877px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Prevalence of self-reported obesity among U.S. adults by state and territory. \u003ccite>(CDC)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Nationally, adults without a high school degree had obesity rates of 35.6 percent, compared with 32.9 percent for people with a high school degree, 31.9 percent of people with some college-level education, and 22.7 percent for college graduates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The obesity rate for black adults was 39 percent, compared with 32.4 percent for Hispanics and 29.3 percent for whites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its report, the CDC called for \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/obesity/strategies/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a comprehensive strategy\u003c/a> to reduce obesity prevalence, with steps including healthy eating, better sleep, stress management, and physical activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2018/09/12/seven-u-s-states-now-have-adult-obesity-rates-of-35-percent-or-higher/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">story\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> was originally published by STAT, an online publication of Boston Globe Media that covers health, medicine, and scientific discovery.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The new data highlights continuing discrepancies in adult obesity rates across geographic areas, race, and education levels.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1536776801,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":11,"wordCount":266},"headData":{"title":"In Just 5 Years, 7 States Developed Adult Obesity Rates of 35 Percent or Higher | KQED","description":"The new data highlights continuing discrepancies in adult obesity rates across geographic areas, race, and education levels.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"444424 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=444424","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2018/09/12/in-just-5-years-7-states-developed-adult-obesity-rates-of-35-percent-or-higher/","disqusTitle":"In Just 5 Years, 7 States Developed Adult Obesity Rates of 35 Percent or Higher","source":"DIY Health","nprByline":"Andrew Joseph\u003cbr />STAT","path":"/futureofyou/444424/in-just-5-years-7-states-developed-adult-obesity-rates-of-35-percent-or-higher","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Seven U.S. states now have adult obesity rates of 35 percent or higher, up from zero states just five years ago, according to federal data released Wednesday.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 2017 data, from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, highlight continuing discrepancies in adult obesity rates across geographic areas, race, and education levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The seven states with obesity rates of at least 35 percent in 2017 were Alabama, Arkansas, Iowa, Louisiana, Mississippi, Oklahoma, and West Virginia, which itself had the highest rate in the country at 38.1 percent. Colorado had the lowest obesity rate, at 22.6 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hawaii and Washington, D.C., were the only other places where fewer than 1 in 4 adults were obese.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overall, the South and Midwest had the highest prevalence of adult obesity, the data showed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_444430\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 877px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-444430\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/brfss_2017_obesity-overall.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"877\" height=\"528\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/brfss_2017_obesity-overall.jpg 877w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/brfss_2017_obesity-overall-160x96.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/brfss_2017_obesity-overall-800x482.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/brfss_2017_obesity-overall-768x462.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/brfss_2017_obesity-overall-240x144.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/brfss_2017_obesity-overall-375x226.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/brfss_2017_obesity-overall-520x313.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 877px) 100vw, 877px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Prevalence of self-reported obesity among U.S. adults by state and territory. \u003ccite>(CDC)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Nationally, adults without a high school degree had obesity rates of 35.6 percent, compared with 32.9 percent for people with a high school degree, 31.9 percent of people with some college-level education, and 22.7 percent for college graduates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The obesity rate for black adults was 39 percent, compared with 32.4 percent for Hispanics and 29.3 percent for whites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its report, the CDC called for \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/obesity/strategies/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a comprehensive strategy\u003c/a> to reduce obesity prevalence, with steps including healthy eating, better sleep, stress management, and physical activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2018/09/12/seven-u-s-states-now-have-adult-obesity-rates-of-35-percent-or-higher/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">story\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> was originally published by STAT, an online publication of Boston Globe Media that covers health, medicine, and scientific discovery.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/444424/in-just-5-years-7-states-developed-adult-obesity-rates-of-35-percent-or-higher","authors":["byline_futureofyou_444424"],"categories":["futureofyou_1060","futureofyou_1","futureofyou_73"],"tags":["futureofyou_597","futureofyou_426","futureofyou_61","futureofyou_562"],"collections":["futureofyou_1093"],"featImg":"futureofyou_444426","label":"source_futureofyou_444424"},"futureofyou_443072":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_443072","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"443072","score":null,"sort":[1530226401000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"kroger-to-test-grocery-deliveries-with-driverless-cars","title":"Kroger to Test Grocery Deliveries with Driverless Cars","publishDate":1530226401,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Kroger Co. is about to test whether it can steer supermarket customers away from crowded grocery aisles with a fleet of diminutive driverless cars designed to lower delivery costs.[contextly_sidebar id=\"k2aBFhvWkHOLNkSHCpVI0cl8NC7xrWxy\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The test program announced Thursday could make Kroger the first U.S. grocer to make deliveries with robotic cars that won’t have a human riding along to take control in case something goes wrong.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cincinnati-based Kroger is teaming up with Nuro, a Silicon Valley startup founded two years ago by two engineers who worked on self-driving cars at Google. That Google project is now known as Waymo, which plans to introduce a ride-hailing service that is supposed to begin picking up passengers in fully autonomous cars by the end of this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like Waymo, Kroger is only saying its self-driving delivery service will start by the end of this year.[contextly_sidebar id=\"ZChtrSmPIuzef1JA7tjwAWqDui7h39iP\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The location of the delivery service hasn’t been determined yet either, although it most likely will involve Fry’s supermarkets in California or Arizona, said Nuro co-founder Dave Ferguson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Customers will be able to order groceries from a mobile app, much like people summon an Uber or Lyft ride. After the order is placed, a driverless vehicle will deliver the groceries at a curb, requiring the customers to be present to fetch the items. The vehicles will probably be opened with a numeric code.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kroger currently offers grocery delivery in vehicles driven by people at about 1,200 of its 2,800 stores, covering about 20 different markets in the U.S. If the Nuro tests go well, Kroger say it’s likely to expand its use of driverless cars, potentially allowing its supermarkets to reduce its delivery fees and reassign workers who had been driving cars to other jobs focused on improving customer service.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Kroger is teaming up with Nuro, a Silicon Valley startup founded two years ago by two engineers who worked on self-driving cars at Google. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1530249400,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":9,"wordCount":313},"headData":{"title":"Kroger to Test Grocery Deliveries with Driverless Cars | KQED","description":"Kroger is teaming up with Nuro, a Silicon Valley startup founded two years ago by two engineers who worked on self-driving cars at Google. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"443072 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=443072","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2018/06/28/kroger-to-test-grocery-deliveries-with-driverless-cars/","disqusTitle":"Kroger to Test Grocery Deliveries with Driverless Cars","source":"Technology","nprByline":"The Associated Press","path":"/futureofyou/443072/kroger-to-test-grocery-deliveries-with-driverless-cars","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Kroger Co. is about to test whether it can steer supermarket customers away from crowded grocery aisles with a fleet of diminutive driverless cars designed to lower delivery costs.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The test program announced Thursday could make Kroger the first U.S. grocer to make deliveries with robotic cars that won’t have a human riding along to take control in case something goes wrong.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cincinnati-based Kroger is teaming up with Nuro, a Silicon Valley startup founded two years ago by two engineers who worked on self-driving cars at Google. That Google project is now known as Waymo, which plans to introduce a ride-hailing service that is supposed to begin picking up passengers in fully autonomous cars by the end of this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like Waymo, Kroger is only saying its self-driving delivery service will start by the end of this year.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The location of the delivery service hasn’t been determined yet either, although it most likely will involve Fry’s supermarkets in California or Arizona, said Nuro co-founder Dave Ferguson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Customers will be able to order groceries from a mobile app, much like people summon an Uber or Lyft ride. After the order is placed, a driverless vehicle will deliver the groceries at a curb, requiring the customers to be present to fetch the items. The vehicles will probably be opened with a numeric code.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kroger currently offers grocery delivery in vehicles driven by people at about 1,200 of its 2,800 stores, covering about 20 different markets in the U.S. If the Nuro tests go well, Kroger say it’s likely to expand its use of driverless cars, potentially allowing its supermarkets to reduce its delivery fees and reassign workers who had been driving cars to other jobs focused on improving customer service.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/443072/kroger-to-test-grocery-deliveries-with-driverless-cars","authors":["byline_futureofyou_443072"],"categories":["futureofyou_1"],"tags":["futureofyou_1567","futureofyou_426","futureofyou_1566","futureofyou_35"],"featImg":"futureofyou_443082","label":"source_futureofyou_443072"},"futureofyou_441680":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_441680","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"441680","score":null,"sort":[1526664113000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"diet-soda-may-be-hurting-your-diet","title":"Mounting Evidence Shows Diet Soda May Be Hurting Your Diet — Here's How","publishDate":1526664113,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Artificial sweeteners are everywhere, but the jury is still out on whether these chemicals are harmless. Also called non-nutritive sweeteners, these can be synthetic – such as saccharin and aspartame – or naturally derived, such as steviol, which comes from the Stevia plant. To date, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration has approved \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/Food/IngredientsPackagingLabeling/FoodAdditivesIngredients/ucm397725.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">six types of artificial and two types of natural non-nutritive sweeteners\u003c/a> for use in food.[contextly_sidebar id=\"9cHOWFJBVWEQQfvraluyBJ45Elnnkn5i\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s been great news for those working hard to curb their sugar consumption. \u003ca href=\"https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.111.030833\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Aspartame\u003c/a>, for example, is found in more than 6,000 foods worldwide, and about 5,000-5,500 tons are consumed every year in the United States alone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The American Diabetes Association – the most well-respected professional group focusing on diabetes – \u003ca href=\"http://www.diabetes.org/food-and-fitness/food/what-can-i-eat/making-healthy-food-choices/what-can-i-drink.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">officially recommends diet soda as an alternative\u003c/a> to sugar-sweetened beverages. To date, seven U.S. municipalities have imposed a sugary beverage tax to discourage consumption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, recent medical studies suggest that policymakers eager to implement a soda tax may also want to include diet drinks because these sweeteners may be contributing to chronic diabetes and cardiovascular diseases as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why Are These Sweeteners Calorie-Free?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The key to these virtually calorie-free sweeteners is that they are not broken down during digestion into natural sugars like glucose, fructose and galactose, which are then either used for energy or converted into fat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Non-nutritive sweeteners have different byproducts that are not converted into calories. Aspartame, for example, undergoes a different metabolic process that doesn’t yield simple sugars. Others such as saccharin and sucralose are not broken down at all, but instead are absorbed directly into the bloodstream and excreted in the urine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Theoretically, these sweeteners should be a “better” choice than sugar for diabetics. Glucose stimulates release of insulin, a hormone that regulates blood sugar levels. Type 2 diabetes occurs when the body no longer responds as well to insulin as it should, leading to higher levels of glucose in the blood that damages the nerves, kidneys, blood vessels and heart. Since non-nutritive sweeteners aren’t actually sugar, they should sidestep this problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Artificial Sweeteners, Your Brain and Your Microbiome\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, there is growing evidence over the last decade that these sweeteners can alter healthy metabolic processes in other ways, specifically in the gut.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Long-term use of these sweeteners has \u003ca href=\"https://doi.org/10.2337/dc08-1799\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">been associated with a higher risk of Type 2 diabetes\u003c/a>. Sweeteners, such as saccharin, have been shown to \u003ca href=\"http://doi.org/10.1038/nature13793\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">change the type and function of the gut microbiome\u003c/a>, the community of microorganisms that live in the intestine. Aspartame \u003ca href=\"https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2016-0346\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">decreases the activity of a gut enzyme\u003c/a> that is normally protective against Type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, this response may be exacerbated by the “mismatch” between the body perceiving something as tasting sweet and the expected associated calories. The greater the discrepancy between the sweetness and actual caloric content, the \u003ca href=\"http://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2017.07.018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">greater the metabolic dysregulation\u003c/a>.[contextly_sidebar id=\"1WiRRvjeXSgRFmENuLBZhCvtglNEvId8\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sweeteners have also been shown to change brain activity associated with eating sweet foods. A functional MRI exam, which studies brain activity by measuring blood flow, has shown that sucralose, compared to regular sugar, \u003ca href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2011.12.001\">decreases activity in the amygdala\u003c/a>, a part of the brain involved with taste perception and the experience of eating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another study revealed that longer-term and higher diet soda consumption are linked to \u003ca href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2012.05.006\">lower activity in the brain’s “caudate head,”\u003c/a> a region that mediates the reward pathway and is necessary for generating a feeling of satisfaction. Researchers have hypothesized that this decreased activity could lead a diet soda drinker to compensate for the lack of pleasure they now derive from the food by increasing their consumption of all foods, not just soda.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Together these cellular and brain studies may explain why people who consume sweeteners still have a \u003ca href=\"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0167241\">higher risk of obesity\u003c/a> than individuals who don’t consume these products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.161390\">As this debate on the pros and cons of these sugar substitutes rages on\u003c/a>, we must view these behavioral studies with a grain of salt (or sugar) because many diet soda drinkers – or any health-conscious individual who consumes zero-calorie sweeteners – already has the risk factors for obesity, diabetes, hypertension or heart disease. Those who are already overweight or obese may turn toward low-calorie drinks, making it look as though the diet sodas are causing their weight gain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This same group may also be less likely to moderate their consumption. For example, those people may think that having a diet soda multiple times a week is much healthier than drinking one case of soda with sugar.[contextly_sidebar id=\"nPADPRMuF9gHM8AprlV1Wgo1Jciefs8f\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These findings signal that consumers and health practitioners all need to check our assumptions about the health benefits of these products. Sweeteners are everywhere, from beverages to salad dressing, from cookies to yogurt, and we must recognize that there is no guarantee that these chemicals won’t increase the burden of metabolic diseases in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a physician of internal medicine specializing in general prevention and public health, I would like to be able to tell my patients what the true risks and benefits are if they drink diet soda instead of water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Legislators considering soda taxes to encourage better dietary habits perhaps should think about including foods with non-nutritive sweeteners. Of course, there is an argument to be made for being realistic and pursuing the lesser of two evils. But even if the negative consequences of sugar substitutes doesn’t sway our tax policy – for now – at least the medical community should be honest with the public about what they stand to lose or gain, consuming these foods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cspan class=\"fn author-name\">Eunice Zhang is a c\u003c/span>linical fellow of preventive medicine at the University of Michigan. This article was originally published on \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/diet-soda-may-be-hurting-your-diet-96181\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Conversation\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"There is growing evidence that artificial sweeteners can alter healthy metabolic processes, specifically in the gut.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1526664530,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":22,"wordCount":993},"headData":{"title":"Mounting Evidence Shows Diet Soda May Be Hurting Your Diet — Here's How | KQED","description":"There is growing evidence that artificial sweeteners can alter healthy metabolic processes, specifically in the gut.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"441680 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=441680","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2018/05/18/diet-soda-may-be-hurting-your-diet/","disqusTitle":"Mounting Evidence Shows Diet Soda May Be Hurting Your Diet — Here's How","source":"Health","nprByline":"Eunice Zhang, University of Michigan, For\u003cbr />The Conversation\u003cimg src=\"https://counter.theconversation.com/content/91452/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-advanced\" alt=\"The Conversation\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" />","path":"/futureofyou/441680/diet-soda-may-be-hurting-your-diet","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Artificial sweeteners are everywhere, but the jury is still out on whether these chemicals are harmless. Also called non-nutritive sweeteners, these can be synthetic – such as saccharin and aspartame – or naturally derived, such as steviol, which comes from the Stevia plant. To date, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration has approved \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/Food/IngredientsPackagingLabeling/FoodAdditivesIngredients/ucm397725.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">six types of artificial and two types of natural non-nutritive sweeteners\u003c/a> for use in food.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s been great news for those working hard to curb their sugar consumption. \u003ca href=\"https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.111.030833\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Aspartame\u003c/a>, for example, is found in more than 6,000 foods worldwide, and about 5,000-5,500 tons are consumed every year in the United States alone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The American Diabetes Association – the most well-respected professional group focusing on diabetes – \u003ca href=\"http://www.diabetes.org/food-and-fitness/food/what-can-i-eat/making-healthy-food-choices/what-can-i-drink.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">officially recommends diet soda as an alternative\u003c/a> to sugar-sweetened beverages. To date, seven U.S. municipalities have imposed a sugary beverage tax to discourage consumption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, recent medical studies suggest that policymakers eager to implement a soda tax may also want to include diet drinks because these sweeteners may be contributing to chronic diabetes and cardiovascular diseases as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why Are These Sweeteners Calorie-Free?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The key to these virtually calorie-free sweeteners is that they are not broken down during digestion into natural sugars like glucose, fructose and galactose, which are then either used for energy or converted into fat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Non-nutritive sweeteners have different byproducts that are not converted into calories. Aspartame, for example, undergoes a different metabolic process that doesn’t yield simple sugars. Others such as saccharin and sucralose are not broken down at all, but instead are absorbed directly into the bloodstream and excreted in the urine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Theoretically, these sweeteners should be a “better” choice than sugar for diabetics. Glucose stimulates release of insulin, a hormone that regulates blood sugar levels. Type 2 diabetes occurs when the body no longer responds as well to insulin as it should, leading to higher levels of glucose in the blood that damages the nerves, kidneys, blood vessels and heart. Since non-nutritive sweeteners aren’t actually sugar, they should sidestep this problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Artificial Sweeteners, Your Brain and Your Microbiome\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, there is growing evidence over the last decade that these sweeteners can alter healthy metabolic processes in other ways, specifically in the gut.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Long-term use of these sweeteners has \u003ca href=\"https://doi.org/10.2337/dc08-1799\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">been associated with a higher risk of Type 2 diabetes\u003c/a>. Sweeteners, such as saccharin, have been shown to \u003ca href=\"http://doi.org/10.1038/nature13793\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">change the type and function of the gut microbiome\u003c/a>, the community of microorganisms that live in the intestine. Aspartame \u003ca href=\"https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2016-0346\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">decreases the activity of a gut enzyme\u003c/a> that is normally protective against Type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, this response may be exacerbated by the “mismatch” between the body perceiving something as tasting sweet and the expected associated calories. The greater the discrepancy between the sweetness and actual caloric content, the \u003ca href=\"http://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2017.07.018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">greater the metabolic dysregulation\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sweeteners have also been shown to change brain activity associated with eating sweet foods. A functional MRI exam, which studies brain activity by measuring blood flow, has shown that sucralose, compared to regular sugar, \u003ca href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2011.12.001\">decreases activity in the amygdala\u003c/a>, a part of the brain involved with taste perception and the experience of eating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another study revealed that longer-term and higher diet soda consumption are linked to \u003ca href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2012.05.006\">lower activity in the brain’s “caudate head,”\u003c/a> a region that mediates the reward pathway and is necessary for generating a feeling of satisfaction. Researchers have hypothesized that this decreased activity could lead a diet soda drinker to compensate for the lack of pleasure they now derive from the food by increasing their consumption of all foods, not just soda.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Together these cellular and brain studies may explain why people who consume sweeteners still have a \u003ca href=\"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0167241\">higher risk of obesity\u003c/a> than individuals who don’t consume these products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.161390\">As this debate on the pros and cons of these sugar substitutes rages on\u003c/a>, we must view these behavioral studies with a grain of salt (or sugar) because many diet soda drinkers – or any health-conscious individual who consumes zero-calorie sweeteners – already has the risk factors for obesity, diabetes, hypertension or heart disease. Those who are already overweight or obese may turn toward low-calorie drinks, making it look as though the diet sodas are causing their weight gain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This same group may also be less likely to moderate their consumption. For example, those people may think that having a diet soda multiple times a week is much healthier than drinking one case of soda with sugar.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These findings signal that consumers and health practitioners all need to check our assumptions about the health benefits of these products. Sweeteners are everywhere, from beverages to salad dressing, from cookies to yogurt, and we must recognize that there is no guarantee that these chemicals won’t increase the burden of metabolic diseases in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a physician of internal medicine specializing in general prevention and public health, I would like to be able to tell my patients what the true risks and benefits are if they drink diet soda instead of water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Legislators considering soda taxes to encourage better dietary habits perhaps should think about including foods with non-nutritive sweeteners. Of course, there is an argument to be made for being realistic and pursuing the lesser of two evils. But even if the negative consequences of sugar substitutes doesn’t sway our tax policy – for now – at least the medical community should be honest with the public about what they stand to lose or gain, consuming these foods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cspan class=\"fn author-name\">Eunice Zhang is a c\u003c/span>linical fellow of preventive medicine at the University of Michigan. This article was originally published on \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/diet-soda-may-be-hurting-your-diet-96181\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Conversation\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/441680/diet-soda-may-be-hurting-your-diet","authors":["byline_futureofyou_441680"],"categories":["futureofyou_1060","futureofyou_1","futureofyou_73"],"tags":["futureofyou_312","futureofyou_309","futureofyou_38","futureofyou_426","futureofyou_61","futureofyou_1071"],"collections":["futureofyou_1093"],"featImg":"futureofyou_441686","label":"source_futureofyou_441680"},"futureofyou_441018":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_441018","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"441018","score":null,"sort":[1525098642000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"company-of-shark-tank-winner-offers-food-sensitivity-tests-but-do-they-work","title":"Little Evidence Popular Food Intolerance Tests Work","publishDate":1525098642,"format":"audio","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"futureofyou"},"content":"\u003cp>Numerous online companies are trying to drive a revolution\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>in lab testing by making it possible for you to skip the doctor and test for fertility, sleep hormones and even vitamin deficiencies -- all from the privacy of your bathroom -- no lab visit required.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Do-it-yourself testing kits cost anywhere from about $35 for an individual test to $450 for a battery of tests.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'It is important to understand that this test has never been scientifically proven to be able to accomplish what it reports to do.'\u003ccite>American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Last November on \"Shark Tank,\" the reality show featuring budding entrepreneurs who think they have a hot idea, contestant Julia Cheek hawked her company's home-testing kits to the program's panel of investors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"EverlyWell is transforming lab testing — a $25 billion market — to be simple, convenient and useful for you,\" Cheek pitched.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think the product is brilliantly crafted,\" said Lori Greiner, who is also known as \"The Queen of QVC.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think this gives people an empowered way to check on some things.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cheek walked away from the show with a million-dollar commitment for her Austin-based company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that was TV, of course. Some doctors worry EveryWell is promising more than it can deliver.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>One Woman's Success Story\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'EverlyWell recognizes that the AAAAI does not support any form of food sensitivity testing ... but they are not the entire 'medical community,' and AAAAI does not speak for all health care providers.' \u003ccite>EverlyWell \u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The company's food-sensitivity test is its best seller, and the kit is especially hot in the Bay Area. San Francisco resident Regina Du says the test has changed her life. For years Du missed work due to stomachaches, headaches and inflamed welts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just felt crummy,\" said Du. \"I would just like uncontrollably scratch myself because I was so itchy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doctors couldn’t figure out what was wrong. Eventually Du landed under the care of an allergist, who ordered a test. But Du balked when she learned her insurance wouldn’t cover the $700 cost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just had total sticker shock,\" Du said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, she poked around online and found EverlyWell's food sensitivity kit for a couple hundred bucks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instructions inside the neatly packed kit explain how to prick your finger and dribble drops of blood onto a white collection card. Du completed the test in less than 20 minutes during her lunch break. A few days later she got an email suggesting she avoid gluten, dairy and green beans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Almost immediately: Du started feeling better. Within a few weeks she felt normal for the first time in eight years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Does it Work?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The test is supposed to measure whether a person’s immune system reacts to certain foods by making an antibody called Immunoglobulin G (IgG), which EverlyWell describes on its website as the potential cause of symptoms like migraines or irritable bowel syndrome according to some small \u003ca href=\"https://www.everlywell.com/food-sensitivity-and-you/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">studies\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_441036\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-441036\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2018/04/Screen-Shot-2018-04-26-at-4.31.33-PM-800x599.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"599\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/04/Screen-Shot-2018-04-26-at-4.31.33-PM-800x599.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/04/Screen-Shot-2018-04-26-at-4.31.33-PM-160x120.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/04/Screen-Shot-2018-04-26-at-4.31.33-PM-768x575.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/04/Screen-Shot-2018-04-26-at-4.31.33-PM-240x180.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/04/Screen-Shot-2018-04-26-at-4.31.33-PM-375x281.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/04/Screen-Shot-2018-04-26-at-4.31.33-PM-520x389.png 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/04/Screen-Shot-2018-04-26-at-4.31.33-PM.png 884w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Julia Cheek, CEO of EverlyWell, on a November 2017 episode of 'Shark Tank.' \u003ccite>(Courtesy ABC/Sony Pictures Television)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology does not recognize the validity of IgG tests in diagnosing food sensitivity, also called food intolerance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is important to understand that this test has never been scientifically proven to be able to accomplish what it reports to do,\" the AAAAI \u003ca href=\"https://www.aaaai.org/conditions-and-treatments/library/allergy-library/IgG-food-test\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">writes on its website\u003c/a>. \"The scientific studies that are provided to support the use of this test are often out of date, in non-reputable journals and many have not even used the IgG test in question. The presence of IgG is likely a normal response of the immune system to exposure to food.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Neha Shah, a rheumatologist and immunologist at Stanford University, is one doctor who is skeptical.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we don’t have is proof that having a high IgG level against a particular food item means that that food is causing your symptoms,\" said Shah.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shah shares the story of her sister, who bought a test and then was told to avoid swordfish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve been vegetarians all our whole lives,\" said Shah. \"And there was really no reason why she had a high sensitivity, a high IgG level against swordfish.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shah also says IgG levels can elevate simply because you eat a specific food, so it doesn't necessarily mean that your body is reacting negatively. For all these reasons, Shah does not administer food sensitivity tests in her practice. She suggests patients save the money and go straight to an elimination diet\u003cb>, \u003c/b>where you remove commonly reactive foods like gluten or dairy and see if you feel better.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Test for Heavy Metals, Stress or Metabolism\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Marra Francis, EverlyWell's executive medical director, stands by its products as a valuable first step for patients to take their health into their own hands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A lot of times this testing can be a bridge between vague symptoms and an actual plan that you create with your provider,\" she said. EverlyWell does recommend patients\u003cb> \u003c/b>double-check test results with an elimination diet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tina Heilman, a spokesperson for EverlyWell, wrote in an email:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"EverlyWell recognizes that the AAAAI does not support any form of food sensitivity testing (which is not just limited to IgG testing), but they are not the entire 'medical community,' and AAAAI does not speak for all health care providers. IgG tests are currently ordered by thousands of medical providers in the U.S.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>No Oversight\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Besides its IgG test, the company markets 22 other home wellness tests, everything from cholesterol to testosterone. Internet ventures like LetsGetChecked, Thorne and Health Test Express offer a similar array.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some doctors worry about a booming market that's not regulated by the Food and Drug Administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of this kind of huxterist testing is keying off of the placebo effect,\" said Dr. Norman Paradis, a clinical lab expert who teaches at the Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, referring to the industry in general and not to a particular product.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, just believing a test is valid and taking action on it may make you feel better. Paradis is also worried that home tests could inspire patients to overreact to results. Hypothetically, a patient may discover she's deficient in vitamin d and compensate by taking toxic doses, he said. Or a test result may inspire a patient to seek medical care they don’t need.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For instance, let’s say a test inaccurately said you may have colon cancer,\" said Paradis. \"And then you went and got a colonoscopy and were injured during the colonoscopy. Well the test actually created that harm.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Gilbert Welch, the author of \"Overdiagnosed: Making People Sick in Pursuit of Health\u003cem>,\" \u003c/em>said, \"You can't test your way to health.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For unexplained symptoms he suggested starting with the long-ignored advice from your grandmother: Eat real food, set a regular sleep schedule, and get some exercise.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"EverlyWell says it can determine which foods to avoid through an at-home blood test, but experts say the science is shaky. The company was funded after winning on the TV show 'Shark Tank.'","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1531439127,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":40,"wordCount":1193},"headData":{"title":"Little Evidence Popular Food Intolerance Tests Work | KQED","description":"EverlyWell says it can determine which foods to avoid through an at-home blood test, but experts say the science is shaky. The company was funded after winning on the TV show 'Shark Tank.'","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"441018 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=441018","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2018/04/30/company-of-shark-tank-winner-offers-food-sensitivity-tests-but-do-they-work/","disqusTitle":"Little Evidence Popular Food Intolerance Tests Work","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2018/04/FORWEBhometesting.mp3","path":"/futureofyou/441018/company-of-shark-tank-winner-offers-food-sensitivity-tests-but-do-they-work","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Numerous online companies are trying to drive a revolution\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>in lab testing by making it possible for you to skip the doctor and test for fertility, sleep hormones and even vitamin deficiencies -- all from the privacy of your bathroom -- no lab visit required.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Do-it-yourself testing kits cost anywhere from about $35 for an individual test to $450 for a battery of tests.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'It is important to understand that this test has never been scientifically proven to be able to accomplish what it reports to do.'\u003ccite>American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Last November on \"Shark Tank,\" the reality show featuring budding entrepreneurs who think they have a hot idea, contestant Julia Cheek hawked her company's home-testing kits to the program's panel of investors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"EverlyWell is transforming lab testing — a $25 billion market — to be simple, convenient and useful for you,\" Cheek pitched.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think the product is brilliantly crafted,\" said Lori Greiner, who is also known as \"The Queen of QVC.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think this gives people an empowered way to check on some things.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cheek walked away from the show with a million-dollar commitment for her Austin-based company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that was TV, of course. Some doctors worry EveryWell is promising more than it can deliver.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>One Woman's Success Story\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'EverlyWell recognizes that the AAAAI does not support any form of food sensitivity testing ... but they are not the entire 'medical community,' and AAAAI does not speak for all health care providers.' \u003ccite>EverlyWell \u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The company's food-sensitivity test is its best seller, and the kit is especially hot in the Bay Area. San Francisco resident Regina Du says the test has changed her life. For years Du missed work due to stomachaches, headaches and inflamed welts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just felt crummy,\" said Du. \"I would just like uncontrollably scratch myself because I was so itchy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doctors couldn’t figure out what was wrong. Eventually Du landed under the care of an allergist, who ordered a test. But Du balked when she learned her insurance wouldn’t cover the $700 cost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just had total sticker shock,\" Du said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, she poked around online and found EverlyWell's food sensitivity kit for a couple hundred bucks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instructions inside the neatly packed kit explain how to prick your finger and dribble drops of blood onto a white collection card. Du completed the test in less than 20 minutes during her lunch break. A few days later she got an email suggesting she avoid gluten, dairy and green beans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Almost immediately: Du started feeling better. Within a few weeks she felt normal for the first time in eight years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Does it Work?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The test is supposed to measure whether a person’s immune system reacts to certain foods by making an antibody called Immunoglobulin G (IgG), which EverlyWell describes on its website as the potential cause of symptoms like migraines or irritable bowel syndrome according to some small \u003ca href=\"https://www.everlywell.com/food-sensitivity-and-you/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">studies\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_441036\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-441036\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2018/04/Screen-Shot-2018-04-26-at-4.31.33-PM-800x599.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"599\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/04/Screen-Shot-2018-04-26-at-4.31.33-PM-800x599.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/04/Screen-Shot-2018-04-26-at-4.31.33-PM-160x120.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/04/Screen-Shot-2018-04-26-at-4.31.33-PM-768x575.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/04/Screen-Shot-2018-04-26-at-4.31.33-PM-240x180.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/04/Screen-Shot-2018-04-26-at-4.31.33-PM-375x281.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/04/Screen-Shot-2018-04-26-at-4.31.33-PM-520x389.png 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/04/Screen-Shot-2018-04-26-at-4.31.33-PM.png 884w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Julia Cheek, CEO of EverlyWell, on a November 2017 episode of 'Shark Tank.' \u003ccite>(Courtesy ABC/Sony Pictures Television)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology does not recognize the validity of IgG tests in diagnosing food sensitivity, also called food intolerance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is important to understand that this test has never been scientifically proven to be able to accomplish what it reports to do,\" the AAAAI \u003ca href=\"https://www.aaaai.org/conditions-and-treatments/library/allergy-library/IgG-food-test\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">writes on its website\u003c/a>. \"The scientific studies that are provided to support the use of this test are often out of date, in non-reputable journals and many have not even used the IgG test in question. The presence of IgG is likely a normal response of the immune system to exposure to food.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Neha Shah, a rheumatologist and immunologist at Stanford University, is one doctor who is skeptical.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we don’t have is proof that having a high IgG level against a particular food item means that that food is causing your symptoms,\" said Shah.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shah shares the story of her sister, who bought a test and then was told to avoid swordfish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve been vegetarians all our whole lives,\" said Shah. \"And there was really no reason why she had a high sensitivity, a high IgG level against swordfish.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shah also says IgG levels can elevate simply because you eat a specific food, so it doesn't necessarily mean that your body is reacting negatively. For all these reasons, Shah does not administer food sensitivity tests in her practice. She suggests patients save the money and go straight to an elimination diet\u003cb>, \u003c/b>where you remove commonly reactive foods like gluten or dairy and see if you feel better.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Test for Heavy Metals, Stress or Metabolism\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Marra Francis, EverlyWell's executive medical director, stands by its products as a valuable first step for patients to take their health into their own hands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A lot of times this testing can be a bridge between vague symptoms and an actual plan that you create with your provider,\" she said. EverlyWell does recommend patients\u003cb> \u003c/b>double-check test results with an elimination diet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tina Heilman, a spokesperson for EverlyWell, wrote in an email:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"EverlyWell recognizes that the AAAAI does not support any form of food sensitivity testing (which is not just limited to IgG testing), but they are not the entire 'medical community,' and AAAAI does not speak for all health care providers. IgG tests are currently ordered by thousands of medical providers in the U.S.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>No Oversight\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Besides its IgG test, the company markets 22 other home wellness tests, everything from cholesterol to testosterone. Internet ventures like LetsGetChecked, Thorne and Health Test Express offer a similar array.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some doctors worry about a booming market that's not regulated by the Food and Drug Administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of this kind of huxterist testing is keying off of the placebo effect,\" said Dr. Norman Paradis, a clinical lab expert who teaches at the Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, referring to the industry in general and not to a particular product.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, just believing a test is valid and taking action on it may make you feel better. Paradis is also worried that home tests could inspire patients to overreact to results. Hypothetically, a patient may discover she's deficient in vitamin d and compensate by taking toxic doses, he said. Or a test result may inspire a patient to seek medical care they don’t need.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For instance, let’s say a test inaccurately said you may have colon cancer,\" said Paradis. \"And then you went and got a colonoscopy and were injured during the colonoscopy. Well the test actually created that harm.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Gilbert Welch, the author of \"Overdiagnosed: Making People Sick in Pursuit of Health\u003cem>,\" \u003c/em>said, \"You can't test your way to health.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For unexplained symptoms he suggested starting with the long-ignored advice from your grandmother: Eat real food, set a regular sleep schedule, and get some exercise.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/441018/company-of-shark-tank-winner-offers-food-sensitivity-tests-but-do-they-work","authors":["11229"],"categories":["futureofyou_1060","futureofyou_1062","futureofyou_1","futureofyou_73","futureofyou_1575"],"tags":["futureofyou_1275","futureofyou_426","futureofyou_1493","futureofyou_1492","futureofyou_798","futureofyou_1484","futureofyou_102","futureofyou_1496"],"featImg":"futureofyou_441026","label":"futureofyou"},"futureofyou_440946":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_440946","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"440946","score":null,"sort":[1524517221000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"americans-told-to-toss-romaine-lettuce-over-e-coli-fears","title":"Americans Told to Toss Romaine Lettuce Over E. coli Fears","publishDate":1524517221,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>U.S. health officials on Friday told consumers to throw away any store-bought romaine lettuce they have in their kitchens and warned restaurants not to serve it amid an E. coli outbreak that has sickened more than 50 people in several states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention expanded its warning about tainted romaine from Arizona, saying information from new illnesses led it to caution against eating any forms of the lettuce that may have come from the city of Yuma. Officials have not found the origin of the contaminated vegetables.[contextly_sidebar id=\"2rlLWi81zSsmjwZxnnH20Wd2rPVuQm08\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Previously, CDC officials had only warned against chopped romaine by itself or as part of salads and salad mixes. But they are now extending the risk to heads or hearts of romaine lettuce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People at an Alaska correctional facility recently reported feeling ill after eating from whole heads of romaine lettuce. They were traced to lettuce harvested in the Yuma region, according to the CDC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED's Danielle Venton reports so far there are 31 hospitalizations, and 53 cases, around the country due to this E. coli strain. One case is from California. No deaths have been reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Symptoms of E. coli infection include diarrhea, severe stomach cramps and vomiting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CDC’s updated advisory said consumers nationwide should not buy or eat romaine lettuce from a grocery store or restaurant unless they can get confirmation it did not come from Yuma. People also should toss any romaine they already have at home unless it’s known it didn’t come from the area, the agency said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Restaurants and retailers were warned not to serve or sell romaine lettuce from Yuma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Romaine grown in coastal and central California, Florida and central Mexico is not at risk, according to the Produce Marketing Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Yuma region, which is roughly 185 miles southwest of Phoenix and close to the California border, is referred to as the country’s “winter vegetable capital.” It is known for its agriculture and often revels in it with events like a lettuce festival.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Steve Alameda, president of the Yuma Fresh Vegetable Association, which represents local growers, said the outbreak has weighed heavily on him and other farmers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want to know what happened,” Alameda said. “We can’t afford to lose consumer confidence. It’s heartbreaking to us. We take this very personally.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Growers in Yuma typically plant romaine lettuce between September and January. During the peak of the harvest season, which runs from mid-November until the beginning of April, the Yuma region supplies most of the romaine sold in the U.S., Alameda said. The outbreak came as the harvest of romaine was already near its end.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Alameda has not met with anyone from the CDC, he is reviewing his own business. He is going over food safety practices and auditing operations in the farming fields.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"So far there are 53 reported cases of E. coli infections around the country. One is from California. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1524507037,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":16,"wordCount":494},"headData":{"title":"Americans Told to Toss Romaine Lettuce Over E. coli Fears | KQED","description":"So far there are 53 reported cases of E. coli infections around the country. One is from California. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"440946 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=440946","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2018/04/23/americans-told-to-toss-romaine-lettuce-over-e-coli-fears/","disqusTitle":"Americans Told to Toss Romaine Lettuce Over E. coli Fears","source":"Health","nprByline":"Terry Tang\u003cbr />The Associated Press","path":"/futureofyou/440946/americans-told-to-toss-romaine-lettuce-over-e-coli-fears","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>U.S. health officials on Friday told consumers to throw away any store-bought romaine lettuce they have in their kitchens and warned restaurants not to serve it amid an E. coli outbreak that has sickened more than 50 people in several states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention expanded its warning about tainted romaine from Arizona, saying information from new illnesses led it to caution against eating any forms of the lettuce that may have come from the city of Yuma. Officials have not found the origin of the contaminated vegetables.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Previously, CDC officials had only warned against chopped romaine by itself or as part of salads and salad mixes. But they are now extending the risk to heads or hearts of romaine lettuce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People at an Alaska correctional facility recently reported feeling ill after eating from whole heads of romaine lettuce. They were traced to lettuce harvested in the Yuma region, according to the CDC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED's Danielle Venton reports so far there are 31 hospitalizations, and 53 cases, around the country due to this E. coli strain. One case is from California. No deaths have been reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Symptoms of E. coli infection include diarrhea, severe stomach cramps and vomiting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CDC’s updated advisory said consumers nationwide should not buy or eat romaine lettuce from a grocery store or restaurant unless they can get confirmation it did not come from Yuma. People also should toss any romaine they already have at home unless it’s known it didn’t come from the area, the agency said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Restaurants and retailers were warned not to serve or sell romaine lettuce from Yuma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Romaine grown in coastal and central California, Florida and central Mexico is not at risk, according to the Produce Marketing Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Yuma region, which is roughly 185 miles southwest of Phoenix and close to the California border, is referred to as the country’s “winter vegetable capital.” It is known for its agriculture and often revels in it with events like a lettuce festival.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Steve Alameda, president of the Yuma Fresh Vegetable Association, which represents local growers, said the outbreak has weighed heavily on him and other farmers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want to know what happened,” Alameda said. “We can’t afford to lose consumer confidence. It’s heartbreaking to us. We take this very personally.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Growers in Yuma typically plant romaine lettuce between September and January. During the peak of the harvest season, which runs from mid-November until the beginning of April, the Yuma region supplies most of the romaine sold in the U.S., Alameda said. The outbreak came as the harvest of romaine was already near its end.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Alameda has not met with anyone from the CDC, he is reviewing his own business. He is going over food safety practices and auditing operations in the farming fields.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/440946/americans-told-to-toss-romaine-lettuce-over-e-coli-fears","authors":["byline_futureofyou_440946"],"categories":["futureofyou_1","futureofyou_73"],"tags":["futureofyou_854","futureofyou_141","futureofyou_1486","futureofyou_426","futureofyou_61","futureofyou_1485","futureofyou_1487"],"featImg":"futureofyou_440948","label":"source_futureofyou_440946"},"futureofyou_439938":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_439938","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"439938","score":null,"sort":[1520029180000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"scientists-sip-beer-discover-link-between-alzheimers-and-brains-ancient-immune-system","title":"Scientists Sip Beer, Discover Link Between Alzheimer's And Brain's Ancient Immune System","publishDate":1520029180,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"futureofyou"},"content":"\u003cp>Beer has fueled a lot of bad ideas. But on a Friday afternoon in 2007, it helped two Alzheimer's researchers come up with a really a good one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neuroscientists \u003ca href=\"http://www.massgeneral.org/neurology/researcher_profiles/moir_robert.aspx\">Robert Moir\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.massgeneral.org/neurology/researcher_profiles/tanzi_rudolph.aspx\">Rudolph Tanzi\u003c/a> were sipping Coronas in separate offices during \"attitude adjustment hour\" at Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard's largest teaching hospital. And, by chance, each scientist found himself wondering about an apparent link between Alzheimer's disease and the immune system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moir had been surfing through random scientific papers online — something he does for an hour or so on most Fridays. \"I cruise wherever my fancy takes me,\" he says.[contextly_sidebar id=\"7M1TEDtx5VpvYNAuLZ4fq7p1cSKlsEay\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And on this day, he cruised to research on molecules known as antimicrobial peptides. They're part of the ancient immune system that's found in all forms of life and plays an important role in protecting the human brain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One way antimicrobial peptides protect us is by engulfing and neutralizing a germ or some other foreign invader. That gives newer parts of the immune system time to get mobilized.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These peptides are \"extremely important,\" Moir says. \"They're not like legacies from an immune system we don't use anymore. If you don't have them, you're going to die in a couple of hours.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'What if those sticky plaques were actually an effort to protect the brain.'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>As Moir surfed through paper after paper, he realized that one of these ancient molecules, known as LL-37, looked a lot like a molecule closely associated with Alzheimer's. That molecule is called amyloid-beta and it forms the sticky plaques that tend to build up in the brains of people with dementia[contextly_sidebar id=\"IYHDaMptIPqJzYR9l5XweOSqbSXwwBlK\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>LL-37 and Amyloid-beta \"looked just like peas in a pod,\" Moir says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was really surprising. Even more surprising, on that same Friday afternoon, Moir's colleague Tanzi had also noticed a connection between Alzheimer's and the ancient immune system, which scientists refer to as innate immunity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tanzi had been spending the same hour that Friday afternoon reviewing a list of genes he'd found that were somehow related to Alzheimer's. \"I was enjoying my first or second Corona,\" he says, \"and I noticed that many of the genes coming up were involved with innate immunity.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I was like, well, what does that mean?\" Tanzi says. \"So I wandered into [Moir's] office, carrying my Corona in hand, and I said, 'What do you know about innate immunity in the brain?' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two researchers decided to team up to figure out precisely how innate immunity figures into Alzheimer's. They later sketched out their research plan while sipping Bordeaux on the deck of Tanzi's house along the coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We spent a lot of evenings out there making a dent in his very nice cellar,\" Moir says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Brain's Immune System\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThe two scientists began to discuss a wild idea. What if amyloid-beta was an integral part of the ancient immune system? What if those sticky plaques were actually an effort to protect the brain by encapsulating foreign invaders?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their idea was that the brain was producing amyloid for much the same reason an oyster forms a pearl — for self-defense. \"Maybe amyloid plaques are a brain pearl,\" Moir says, \"a way for our body to trap and permanently sequester these invading pathogens.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was a pretty radical idea. For decades, most scientists thought amyloid-beta was no more than a toxic waste product. \"In all those scenarios it's bad, bad, bad, bad, bad,\" Moir says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Moir and Tanzi suspected amyloid-beta was usually good — unless the brain started making too much. Then it could kill brain cells and lead to dementia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This hypothesis was not immediately embraced by other scientists, Tanzi says.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'It may be possible to interrupt the process before it causes Alzheimer's.'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\"I had folks emailing me, ex-mentors — Nobel laureates — saying, 'Rudy have you lost your mind?' Luckily neither Rob nor I have a really good track record of listening to people.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So. Tanzi and Moir set out to prove that amyloid really is part of the immune system. And they were lucky enough to have a funder, the \u003ca href=\"https://curealz.org/\">Cure Alzheimer's Fund\u003c/a>, that was willing to take a chance on their idea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The effort took years. But in 2010, Moir, Tanzi, and their team \u003ca href=\"http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0009505\">demonstrated\u003c/a> that amyloid is really good at killing viruses and bacteria in a test tube. And, in 2016, they \u003ca href=\"http://stm.sciencemag.org/content/8/340/340ra72\">showed\u003c/a> it did the same thing in worms and mice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was very clear that amyloid protected against infection,\" Tanzi says. \"If a mouse had meningitis or encephalitis, [and] if that mouse was making amyloid it lived longer.\" In contrast, mice that did not produce amyloid died quickly from the infection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-93427 alignleft\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/iStock_000060595932_Large-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"401\" height=\"301\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/iStock_000060595932_Large-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/iStock_000060595932_Large-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/iStock_000060595932_Large-768x576.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/iStock_000060595932_Large-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/iStock_000060595932_Large-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/iStock_000060595932_Large-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 401px) 100vw, 401px\">Today, Tanzi and Moir's wild idea is no longer considered so wild. Lots of scientists are now \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/ng.3916\">studying\u003c/a> the ancient immune system's connection to Alzheimer's.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Tanzi says it's become clear that Alzheimer's involves a lot more than just plaques and tangles in the brain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Even though we really concentrate on these plaques and tangles in Alzheimer's disease, it looks like it's the brain's immune system — the very primitive immune system of the brain — that's gone awry,\" Tanzi says, \"and the plaques and tangles are a part of that system.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The question now is: What's causing the glitch in the ancient immune system?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One possibility is that it's overreacting to viruses and bacteria that get into the brain. Or, the system could be getting confused and attacking healthy cells — a lot like what happens in diseases like lupus or multiple sclerosis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If either idea holds up, it may be possible to interrupt the process before it causes Alzheimer's, Moir says. \"That's a pretty good outcome from a couple of Coronas 10 years ago.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http://www.npr.org/\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Scientists+Explore+Ties+Between+Alzheimer%27s+And+Brain%27s+Ancient+Immune+System&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Harvard researchers explain why they think Alzheimer's disease may be traced to an immunity glitch.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1520097160,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":30,"wordCount":1008},"headData":{"title":"Scientists Sip Beer, Discover Link Between Alzheimer's And Brain's Ancient Immune System | KQED","description":"Harvard researchers explain why they think Alzheimer's disease may be traced to an immunity glitch.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"439938 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=439938","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2018/03/02/scientists-sip-beer-discover-link-between-alzheimers-and-brains-ancient-immune-system/","disqusTitle":"Scientists Sip Beer, Discover Link Between Alzheimer's And Brain's Ancient Immune System","nprImageCredit":"Martin M. Rotker","nprByline":"Jon Hamilton\u003cbr />NPR Shots","nprImageAgency":"Science Source","nprStoryId":"580475245","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=580475245&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2018/02/18/580475245/scientists-explore-ties-between-alzheimers-and-brains-ancient-immune-system?ft=nprml&f=580475245","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Tue, 20 Feb 2018 17:31:00 -0500","nprStoryDate":"Sun, 18 Feb 2018 05:00:00 -0500","nprLastModifiedDate":"Tue, 20 Feb 2018 17:31:55 -0500","path":"/futureofyou/439938/scientists-sip-beer-discover-link-between-alzheimers-and-brains-ancient-immune-system","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Beer has fueled a lot of bad ideas. But on a Friday afternoon in 2007, it helped two Alzheimer's researchers come up with a really a good one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neuroscientists \u003ca href=\"http://www.massgeneral.org/neurology/researcher_profiles/moir_robert.aspx\">Robert Moir\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.massgeneral.org/neurology/researcher_profiles/tanzi_rudolph.aspx\">Rudolph Tanzi\u003c/a> were sipping Coronas in separate offices during \"attitude adjustment hour\" at Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard's largest teaching hospital. And, by chance, each scientist found himself wondering about an apparent link between Alzheimer's disease and the immune system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moir had been surfing through random scientific papers online — something he does for an hour or so on most Fridays. \"I cruise wherever my fancy takes me,\" he says.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And on this day, he cruised to research on molecules known as antimicrobial peptides. They're part of the ancient immune system that's found in all forms of life and plays an important role in protecting the human brain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One way antimicrobial peptides protect us is by engulfing and neutralizing a germ or some other foreign invader. That gives newer parts of the immune system time to get mobilized.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These peptides are \"extremely important,\" Moir says. \"They're not like legacies from an immune system we don't use anymore. If you don't have them, you're going to die in a couple of hours.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'What if those sticky plaques were actually an effort to protect the brain.'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>As Moir surfed through paper after paper, he realized that one of these ancient molecules, known as LL-37, looked a lot like a molecule closely associated with Alzheimer's. That molecule is called amyloid-beta and it forms the sticky plaques that tend to build up in the brains of people with dementia\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>LL-37 and Amyloid-beta \"looked just like peas in a pod,\" Moir says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was really surprising. Even more surprising, on that same Friday afternoon, Moir's colleague Tanzi had also noticed a connection between Alzheimer's and the ancient immune system, which scientists refer to as innate immunity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tanzi had been spending the same hour that Friday afternoon reviewing a list of genes he'd found that were somehow related to Alzheimer's. \"I was enjoying my first or second Corona,\" he says, \"and I noticed that many of the genes coming up were involved with innate immunity.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I was like, well, what does that mean?\" Tanzi says. \"So I wandered into [Moir's] office, carrying my Corona in hand, and I said, 'What do you know about innate immunity in the brain?' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two researchers decided to team up to figure out precisely how innate immunity figures into Alzheimer's. They later sketched out their research plan while sipping Bordeaux on the deck of Tanzi's house along the coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We spent a lot of evenings out there making a dent in his very nice cellar,\" Moir says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Brain's Immune System\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThe two scientists began to discuss a wild idea. What if amyloid-beta was an integral part of the ancient immune system? What if those sticky plaques were actually an effort to protect the brain by encapsulating foreign invaders?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their idea was that the brain was producing amyloid for much the same reason an oyster forms a pearl — for self-defense. \"Maybe amyloid plaques are a brain pearl,\" Moir says, \"a way for our body to trap and permanently sequester these invading pathogens.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was a pretty radical idea. For decades, most scientists thought amyloid-beta was no more than a toxic waste product. \"In all those scenarios it's bad, bad, bad, bad, bad,\" Moir says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Moir and Tanzi suspected amyloid-beta was usually good — unless the brain started making too much. Then it could kill brain cells and lead to dementia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This hypothesis was not immediately embraced by other scientists, Tanzi says.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'It may be possible to interrupt the process before it causes Alzheimer's.'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\"I had folks emailing me, ex-mentors — Nobel laureates — saying, 'Rudy have you lost your mind?' Luckily neither Rob nor I have a really good track record of listening to people.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So. Tanzi and Moir set out to prove that amyloid really is part of the immune system. And they were lucky enough to have a funder, the \u003ca href=\"https://curealz.org/\">Cure Alzheimer's Fund\u003c/a>, that was willing to take a chance on their idea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The effort took years. But in 2010, Moir, Tanzi, and their team \u003ca href=\"http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0009505\">demonstrated\u003c/a> that amyloid is really good at killing viruses and bacteria in a test tube. And, in 2016, they \u003ca href=\"http://stm.sciencemag.org/content/8/340/340ra72\">showed\u003c/a> it did the same thing in worms and mice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was very clear that amyloid protected against infection,\" Tanzi says. \"If a mouse had meningitis or encephalitis, [and] if that mouse was making amyloid it lived longer.\" In contrast, mice that did not produce amyloid died quickly from the infection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-93427 alignleft\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/iStock_000060595932_Large-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"401\" height=\"301\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/iStock_000060595932_Large-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/iStock_000060595932_Large-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/iStock_000060595932_Large-768x576.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/iStock_000060595932_Large-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/iStock_000060595932_Large-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/iStock_000060595932_Large-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 401px) 100vw, 401px\">Today, Tanzi and Moir's wild idea is no longer considered so wild. Lots of scientists are now \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/ng.3916\">studying\u003c/a> the ancient immune system's connection to Alzheimer's.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Tanzi says it's become clear that Alzheimer's involves a lot more than just plaques and tangles in the brain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Even though we really concentrate on these plaques and tangles in Alzheimer's disease, it looks like it's the brain's immune system — the very primitive immune system of the brain — that's gone awry,\" Tanzi says, \"and the plaques and tangles are a part of that system.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The question now is: What's causing the glitch in the ancient immune system?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One possibility is that it's overreacting to viruses and bacteria that get into the brain. Or, the system could be getting confused and attacking healthy cells — a lot like what happens in diseases like lupus or multiple sclerosis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If either idea holds up, it may be possible to interrupt the process before it causes Alzheimer's, Moir says. \"That's a pretty good outcome from a couple of Coronas 10 years ago.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http://www.npr.org/\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Scientists+Explore+Ties+Between+Alzheimer%27s+And+Brain%27s+Ancient+Immune+System&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/439938/scientists-sip-beer-discover-link-between-alzheimers-and-brains-ancient-immune-system","authors":["byline_futureofyou_439938"],"categories":["futureofyou_1","futureofyou_73"],"tags":["futureofyou_532","futureofyou_999","futureofyou_56","futureofyou_141","futureofyou_426","futureofyou_61","futureofyou_327"],"featImg":"futureofyou_439939","label":"futureofyou"},"futureofyou_439593":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_439593","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"439593","score":null,"sort":[1519179879000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"to-lose-weight-what-you-eat-is-more-important-than-how-much-study-finds","title":"To Lose Weight, Focus on What You Eat, Not How Much: Study","publishDate":1519179879,"format":"image","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>There is not a clear winner in the battle between low-fat or low-carb diets, according to a new \u003ca href=\"https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2673150?redirect=true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study\u003c/a> published Tuesday in JAMA. The study, from Stanford University researchers, found that the nutritional value of foods is more important to weight loss than whether you exclude fats or carbohydrates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers monitored the diets of more than 600 overweight adults. Even though the subjects did not focus on cutting calories, they lost an average of about 12 pounds over the course of a year. The weight changes ranged from a reduction of 60 pounds to a gain of 15.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study randomly assigned participants to reduce fat or carbohydrate intake. Subjects were not provided with food. Rather, they sat through 22 health education classes, where they learned how to shop, cook and dine nutritiously. They were also encouraged to be physically active.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Those who ate the fewest processed foods, sugary drinks and unhealthy fats while eating the most vegetables lost the most weight, regardless of whether they followed a low-carb or low-fat diet.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The results, based on self-reports from the study subjects, showed that both the low-carb and low-fat groups reduced their daily calorie intake by an average of about 500 calories. Being assigned to the low-carb or low-fat group didn't affect the results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Not All Calories Are the Same\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What did matter across both groups was the type of carbohydrates or fats participants consumed: Those who ate the fewest processed foods, sugary drinks and unhealthy fats while eating the most vegetables lost the most weight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Without focusing on calorie restriction,” said lead author Christopher Gardner in an email, “Our participants reported achieving calorie restriction, and in fact lost weight.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Potentially participants felt more satiated by eating a healthier diet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you reduce starch and sugar and you increase minimally processed healthful foods like vegetables, weight will go down naturally,\" said Dariush Mozaffarian, a cardiologist and nutrition expert\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>at Tufts University who is not connected to the study\u003cstrong>.\" \u003c/strong>About 10 pounds a year, which is pretty substantial.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>No Silver Bullet\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The results add to a growing body of \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25182101\">research\u003c/a> calling fad diets into question. Scientists have yet to corroborate any alleged silver bullet for losing weight, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16476868\">studies\u003c/a> have found \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25182101\">negligible differences\u003c/a> in reducing capabilities between low-carb and low-fat diets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mozaffarian specifically questions the mantra that all carbs are bad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The carbs that we should be avoiding are those that come in high doses and are digested very quickly, what you might call fast carbs,\" he says. He recommends tossing out refined flours, potatoes and sugars and stocking up on fruits, beans and minimally processed whole grains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The health outcomes of the participants also improved by changing what they ate. Body fat, body mass index, waist circumference, triglycerides, blood pressure, fasting glucose and insulin went down for both the low-fat and the low-carb groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Precision Medicine Takes a Hit\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the beginning of the study, participants underwent analysis to identify genetic variations that are linked to how the body processes fats or carbohydrates, which the researchers thought would make each individual more likely to lose weight on a low-fat or low-carb diet. Previous research had suggested that genes could interact with different types of diets to influence weight loss. The participants' insulin levels were also taken.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"lR73EJFQlezW1NDSbIIGP6dv8VCGeXmF\"]But neither their genetic makeup nor insulin resistance mattered in how successful the participants were in losing weight, the study found. These results suggest that “precision medicine is not as important as eating mindfully [and] getting rid of packaged, processed food,” said lead author Christopher Gardner. To achieve the former, he recommends avoiding screens while dining, shopping at farmers markets and sitting down for meals with friends and family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Other Experts Weigh In\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study was well-conducted, says Dr. David Ludwig, a Boston Children’s Hospital obesity researcher. But because participants were not provided with specific foods and self-reported their choices, he says, it wasn’t rigorous enough to disprove the idea that certain genes and insulin levels may affect which types of diets lead to weight loss.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Frank Hu, nutrition chief at Harvard’s School of Public Health who has called precision nutrition a promising approach, says the study wasn’t a comprehensive test of all gene variations that might affect individual responses to weight loss diets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In any weight loss diets, adherence to the diet and the overall quality of the diet are probably more important than any other factors,” Hu says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Still On The Hunt\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford researchers plan to continue combing through the data to see if other biological factors, such as those linked to individual microbiomes or to epigenetics, for example, impacted the results. Gardener has a hunch that one key factor is satiety: Some people might feel full after eating a bowl of steel cut oats for breakfast, for instance, while others still feel hungry. Meanwhile, the same people unsatiated by oatmeal might do better with eggs and an avocado.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think the next level of personalization is really thinking about which good carbs and which good fat foods are more satiating for some people than others,\" Gardner says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The Associated Press contributed to this report and the content has been edited.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Eating healthier foods and not following a low-fat or low-carb diet determined dieting success in Stanford study.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1519695424,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":27,"wordCount":908},"headData":{"title":"To Lose Weight, Focus on What You Eat, Not How Much: Study | KQED","description":"Eating healthier foods and not following a low-fat or low-carb diet determined dieting success in Stanford study.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"439593 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=439593","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2018/02/20/to-lose-weight-what-you-eat-is-more-important-than-how-much-study-finds/","disqusTitle":"To Lose Weight, Focus on What You Eat, Not How Much: Study","source":"Hope/Hype","sourceUrl":"KQED Future of You","path":"/futureofyou/439593/to-lose-weight-what-you-eat-is-more-important-than-how-much-study-finds","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>There is not a clear winner in the battle between low-fat or low-carb diets, according to a new \u003ca href=\"https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2673150?redirect=true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study\u003c/a> published Tuesday in JAMA. The study, from Stanford University researchers, found that the nutritional value of foods is more important to weight loss than whether you exclude fats or carbohydrates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers monitored the diets of more than 600 overweight adults. Even though the subjects did not focus on cutting calories, they lost an average of about 12 pounds over the course of a year. The weight changes ranged from a reduction of 60 pounds to a gain of 15.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study randomly assigned participants to reduce fat or carbohydrate intake. Subjects were not provided with food. Rather, they sat through 22 health education classes, where they learned how to shop, cook and dine nutritiously. They were also encouraged to be physically active.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Those who ate the fewest processed foods, sugary drinks and unhealthy fats while eating the most vegetables lost the most weight, regardless of whether they followed a low-carb or low-fat diet.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The results, based on self-reports from the study subjects, showed that both the low-carb and low-fat groups reduced their daily calorie intake by an average of about 500 calories. Being assigned to the low-carb or low-fat group didn't affect the results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Not All Calories Are the Same\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What did matter across both groups was the type of carbohydrates or fats participants consumed: Those who ate the fewest processed foods, sugary drinks and unhealthy fats while eating the most vegetables lost the most weight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Without focusing on calorie restriction,” said lead author Christopher Gardner in an email, “Our participants reported achieving calorie restriction, and in fact lost weight.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Potentially participants felt more satiated by eating a healthier diet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you reduce starch and sugar and you increase minimally processed healthful foods like vegetables, weight will go down naturally,\" said Dariush Mozaffarian, a cardiologist and nutrition expert\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>at Tufts University who is not connected to the study\u003cstrong>.\" \u003c/strong>About 10 pounds a year, which is pretty substantial.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>No Silver Bullet\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The results add to a growing body of \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25182101\">research\u003c/a> calling fad diets into question. Scientists have yet to corroborate any alleged silver bullet for losing weight, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16476868\">studies\u003c/a> have found \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25182101\">negligible differences\u003c/a> in reducing capabilities between low-carb and low-fat diets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mozaffarian specifically questions the mantra that all carbs are bad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The carbs that we should be avoiding are those that come in high doses and are digested very quickly, what you might call fast carbs,\" he says. He recommends tossing out refined flours, potatoes and sugars and stocking up on fruits, beans and minimally processed whole grains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The health outcomes of the participants also improved by changing what they ate. Body fat, body mass index, waist circumference, triglycerides, blood pressure, fasting glucose and insulin went down for both the low-fat and the low-carb groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Precision Medicine Takes a Hit\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the beginning of the study, participants underwent analysis to identify genetic variations that are linked to how the body processes fats or carbohydrates, which the researchers thought would make each individual more likely to lose weight on a low-fat or low-carb diet. Previous research had suggested that genes could interact with different types of diets to influence weight loss. The participants' insulin levels were also taken.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>But neither their genetic makeup nor insulin resistance mattered in how successful the participants were in losing weight, the study found. These results suggest that “precision medicine is not as important as eating mindfully [and] getting rid of packaged, processed food,” said lead author Christopher Gardner. To achieve the former, he recommends avoiding screens while dining, shopping at farmers markets and sitting down for meals with friends and family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Other Experts Weigh In\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study was well-conducted, says Dr. David Ludwig, a Boston Children’s Hospital obesity researcher. But because participants were not provided with specific foods and self-reported their choices, he says, it wasn’t rigorous enough to disprove the idea that certain genes and insulin levels may affect which types of diets lead to weight loss.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Frank Hu, nutrition chief at Harvard’s School of Public Health who has called precision nutrition a promising approach, says the study wasn’t a comprehensive test of all gene variations that might affect individual responses to weight loss diets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In any weight loss diets, adherence to the diet and the overall quality of the diet are probably more important than any other factors,” Hu says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Still On The Hunt\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford researchers plan to continue combing through the data to see if other biological factors, such as those linked to individual microbiomes or to epigenetics, for example, impacted the results. Gardener has a hunch that one key factor is satiety: Some people might feel full after eating a bowl of steel cut oats for breakfast, for instance, while others still feel hungry. Meanwhile, the same people unsatiated by oatmeal might do better with eggs and an avocado.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think the next level of personalization is really thinking about which good carbs and which good fat foods are more satiating for some people than others,\" Gardner says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The Associated Press contributed to this report and the content has been edited.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/439593/to-lose-weight-what-you-eat-is-more-important-than-how-much-study-finds","authors":["11229"],"categories":["futureofyou_452","futureofyou_1062","futureofyou_1","futureofyou_73","futureofyou_1064"],"tags":["futureofyou_1461","futureofyou_597","futureofyou_1462","futureofyou_1275","futureofyou_426","futureofyou_120","futureofyou_80","futureofyou_1406","futureofyou_112","futureofyou_1463"],"featImg":"futureofyou_439683","label":"source_futureofyou_439593"},"futureofyou_439609":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_439609","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"439609","score":null,"sort":[1519174494000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"preventative-treatment-for-peanut-allergies-succeeds-in-study","title":"Preventative Treatment for Peanut Allergies Succeeds in Study","publishDate":1519174494,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"futureofyou"},"content":"\u003cp>The first treatment to help prevent serious allergic reactions to peanuts may be on the way. A company said Tuesday that its daily capsules of peanut powder helped children build tolerance in a major study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Millions of children are allergic to peanuts, and some may have life-threatening reactions if accidentally exposed to them. Doctors have been testing daily doses of peanut, contained in a capsule and sprinkled over food, as a way to prevent that by gradually getting them used to very small amounts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"6o2IaUBwIg8Obmr6RFPhlpD8stOqSrBc\"]California-based Aimmune Therapeutics said 67 percent of kids who had its experimental treatment were able to tolerate the equivalent of roughly two peanuts at the end of the study, compared to only 4 percent of others given a dummy powder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a big warning: Don’t try this at home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s potentially dangerous,” said Dr. Stacie Jones, a University of Arkansas allergy specialist. “This is investigational. It has to be done in a very safe setting” to make sure kids can be treated fast for any bad reactions that occur, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jones helped lead the study, consults for the company, and will give the results at an allergy conference next month. The results have not yet been reviewed by independent experts.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'But a big warning: Don’t try this at home.'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The study involved nearly 500 kids ages 4 to 17 with allergies so severe that they had reactions to as little as a tenth of a peanut. They were given either capsules of peanut or a dummy powder in gradually increasing amounts for six months, then continued on that final level for another six months. Neither the participants nor their doctors knew who was getting what until the study ended.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 20 percent of kids getting the peanut powder dropped out of the study, 12 percent due to reactions or other problems. The product showed “overall good safety,” Jones said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s exciting,” said Dr. Stacy Dorris of Vanderbilt University who had no role in the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a way to potentially protect people who are allergic from having a severe or even fatal reaction. But it’s not a cure ... we don’t know what would happen if they stop or discontinue” treatment, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dorris said she would consider trying it for her 8-year-old daughter who has a peanut allergy, but said the study’s drop-out rate shows that “this is not for everybody. Some people are going to have too many side effects for them to be able to take this daily dose.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"1FdKdM0ng11PNH1Y43ms124tXvBs2ipY\"]Dr. Andrew Bird, an allergy specialist at UT Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas, also consults for the company and had patients in the study. The treatment doesn’t allow kids to eat peanuts as if they had no allergy, but research suggests that being able to tolerate at least one peanut should protect 95 percent of them from having a reaction if they are exposed to peanuts, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That would be a relief to Cathy Heald, a Dallas mom whose 10-year-old son, Charlie, was in the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We had to teach him that he has to ask about everything he eats from a very early age,” she said. “He’s described it as living in a cage, watching other people get to eat what they want.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Charlie was assigned to the group given fake peanut powder but has been able to get the real thing since the study ended, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aimmune plans to seek U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval for the treatment later this year and in Europe early next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company’s chief executive has said he expects the first six months of treatment to cost $5,000 to $10,000, and $300 to $400 a month after that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The thinking about peanut allergies has changed in recent years, and experts now think early exposure helps prevent them from forming. Last year, the National Institutes of Health issued new advice, saying most babies should get peanut-containing foods starting around 6 months, in age-appropriate forms like watered-down peanut butter or peanut puffs — not whole peanuts because those are a choking hazard.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Sixty seven percent of kids who participated in the peanut study were able to build up their tolerance.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1519240903,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":20,"wordCount":735},"headData":{"title":"Preventative Treatment for Peanut Allergies Succeeds in Study | KQED","description":"Sixty seven percent of kids who participated in the peanut study were able to build up their tolerance.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"439609 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=439609","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2018/02/20/preventative-treatment-for-peanut-allergies-succeeds-in-study/","disqusTitle":"Preventative Treatment for Peanut Allergies Succeeds in Study","nprByline":"Marilynn Marchione\u003cbr />Associated Press","path":"/futureofyou/439609/preventative-treatment-for-peanut-allergies-succeeds-in-study","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The first treatment to help prevent serious allergic reactions to peanuts may be on the way. A company said Tuesday that its daily capsules of peanut powder helped children build tolerance in a major study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Millions of children are allergic to peanuts, and some may have life-threatening reactions if accidentally exposed to them. Doctors have been testing daily doses of peanut, contained in a capsule and sprinkled over food, as a way to prevent that by gradually getting them used to very small amounts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>California-based Aimmune Therapeutics said 67 percent of kids who had its experimental treatment were able to tolerate the equivalent of roughly two peanuts at the end of the study, compared to only 4 percent of others given a dummy powder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a big warning: Don’t try this at home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s potentially dangerous,” said Dr. Stacie Jones, a University of Arkansas allergy specialist. “This is investigational. It has to be done in a very safe setting” to make sure kids can be treated fast for any bad reactions that occur, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jones helped lead the study, consults for the company, and will give the results at an allergy conference next month. The results have not yet been reviewed by independent experts.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'But a big warning: Don’t try this at home.'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The study involved nearly 500 kids ages 4 to 17 with allergies so severe that they had reactions to as little as a tenth of a peanut. They were given either capsules of peanut or a dummy powder in gradually increasing amounts for six months, then continued on that final level for another six months. Neither the participants nor their doctors knew who was getting what until the study ended.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 20 percent of kids getting the peanut powder dropped out of the study, 12 percent due to reactions or other problems. The product showed “overall good safety,” Jones said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s exciting,” said Dr. Stacy Dorris of Vanderbilt University who had no role in the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a way to potentially protect people who are allergic from having a severe or even fatal reaction. But it’s not a cure ... we don’t know what would happen if they stop or discontinue” treatment, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dorris said she would consider trying it for her 8-year-old daughter who has a peanut allergy, but said the study’s drop-out rate shows that “this is not for everybody. Some people are going to have too many side effects for them to be able to take this daily dose.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Dr. Andrew Bird, an allergy specialist at UT Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas, also consults for the company and had patients in the study. The treatment doesn’t allow kids to eat peanuts as if they had no allergy, but research suggests that being able to tolerate at least one peanut should protect 95 percent of them from having a reaction if they are exposed to peanuts, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That would be a relief to Cathy Heald, a Dallas mom whose 10-year-old son, Charlie, was in the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We had to teach him that he has to ask about everything he eats from a very early age,” she said. “He’s described it as living in a cage, watching other people get to eat what they want.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Charlie was assigned to the group given fake peanut powder but has been able to get the real thing since the study ended, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aimmune plans to seek U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval for the treatment later this year and in Europe early next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company’s chief executive has said he expects the first six months of treatment to cost $5,000 to $10,000, and $300 to $400 a month after that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The thinking about peanut allergies has changed in recent years, and experts now think early exposure helps prevent them from forming. Last year, the National Institutes of Health issued new advice, saying most babies should get peanut-containing foods starting around 6 months, in age-appropriate forms like watered-down peanut butter or peanut puffs — not whole peanuts because those are a choking hazard.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/439609/preventative-treatment-for-peanut-allergies-succeeds-in-study","authors":["byline_futureofyou_439609"],"categories":["futureofyou_1"],"tags":["futureofyou_891","futureofyou_952","futureofyou_426","futureofyou_102","futureofyou_229"],"featImg":"futureofyou_439610","label":"futureofyou"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. 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