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Jon is also a playwright whose work has been produced in San Francisco, New York, Italy, and around the U.S. He has written about film for his own blog and studied film at Boston University.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/98887f7ed1c876ed414d4c915e969584?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"jbrooksfoy","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"arts","roles":["Contributor","editor"]},{"site":"news","roles":["author"]},{"site":"futureofyou","roles":["administrator"]},{"site":"mindshift","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"stateofhealth","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"science","roles":["administrator"]},{"site":"quest","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Jon Brooks | KQED","description":"Digital Editor","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/98887f7ed1c876ed414d4c915e969584?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/98887f7ed1c876ed414d4c915e969584?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/jbrooks"},"katsnow":{"type":"authors","id":"235","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"235","found":true},"name":"Katrin Snow","firstName":"Katrin","lastName":"Snow","slug":"katsnow","email":"ksnow@kqed.org","display_author_email":true,"staff_mastheads":["science"],"title":"Senior Editor","bio":"Kat started in radio in 1985 at KMUN in Astoria, Oregon, where the Columbia River meets the sea. She worked several years protecting monarch butterfly habitat in California with the Xerces Society, an invertebrate conservation organization, before a love for radio news drew her back into journalism. Kat came to KQED in 2002, and before that was a reporter and news director at KUER in Salt Lake City, covering the state legislature, the environment and health. Kat coaches reporters and others in embodied narration and public speaking. She is a certified teacher of Soul Motion®, a conscious dance practice, and can sometimes be found in the Mojave desert or the Eastern Sierra.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/fa6bf8a74a2692973a5484e64ebd2b52?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"cosmologicalkat","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"arts","roles":["contributor"]},{"site":"news","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"futureofyou","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Katrin Snow | KQED","description":"Senior Editor","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/fa6bf8a74a2692973a5484e64ebd2b52?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/fa6bf8a74a2692973a5484e64ebd2b52?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/katsnow"},"lindseyhoshaw":{"type":"authors","id":"5432","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"5432","found":true},"name":"Lindsey Hoshaw","firstName":"Lindsey","lastName":"Hoshaw","slug":"lindseyhoshaw","email":"lhoshaw@kqed.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":"KQED Contributor","bio":"Lindsey Hoshaw is a former interactive producer for KQED Science. Before joining KQED, Lindsey was a science correspondent for The New York Times, The Boston Globe, Forbes and Scientific American. On Twitter @lindseyhoshaw","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/274b07694c998eaa8f26cfabaa941186?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"lindseyhoshaw","facebook":"lindsey.hoshaw.9","instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"arts","roles":["author"]},{"site":"news","roles":["subscriber"]},{"site":"futureofyou","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"bayareabites","roles":["contributor"]},{"site":"stateofhealth","roles":["author"]},{"site":"science","roles":["edit_theme_options","subscriber"]},{"site":"quest","roles":["edit_post_subscriptions","edit_usergroups","unfiltered_html","unfiltered_upload","leadcoordinator","editor"]},{"site":"food","roles":["contributor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Lindsey Hoshaw | KQED","description":"KQED Contributor","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/274b07694c998eaa8f26cfabaa941186?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/274b07694c998eaa8f26cfabaa941186?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/lindseyhoshaw"},"dventon":{"type":"authors","id":"11088","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"11088","found":true},"name":"Danielle Venton","firstName":"Danielle","lastName":"Venton","slug":"dventon","email":"dventon@kqed.org","display_author_email":true,"staff_mastheads":["science"],"title":"Science reporter","bio":"Danielle Venton is a reporter for KQED Science. She covers wildfires, space and oceans (though she is prone to sea sickness).\r\n\r\nBefore joining KQED in 2015, Danielle was a staff reporter at KRCB in Sonoma County and a freelancer. She studied science communication at UC Santa Cruz and formerly worked at CERN in Geneva, Switzerland where she wrote about computing. She lives in Sonoma County and enjoys backpacking.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ebaf11ee6cfb7bb40329a143d463829e?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"DanielleVenton","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"arts","roles":["contributor"]},{"site":"news","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"futureofyou","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Danielle Venton | KQED","description":"Science reporter","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ebaf11ee6cfb7bb40329a143d463829e?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ebaf11ee6cfb7bb40329a143d463829e?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/dventon"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"home","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"futureofyou_438138":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_438138","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"438138","score":null,"sort":[1514903453000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"precision-medicine-skeptic-asks-if-were-building-biological-tower-of-babel","title":"Precision Medicine Skeptic: Are We Building 'Biological Tower of Babel'","publishDate":1514903453,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"futureofyou"},"content":"\u003cp>The Mayo Clinic is building its future around high-tech approaches to research known as \"precision medicine.\" This involves gathering huge amounts of information from genetic tests, medical records and other data sources to ferret out unexpected ideas to advance health. But one longtime scientist at the Mayo Clinic isn't playing along.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. \u003ca href=\"http://www.mayo.edu/research/faculty/joyner-michael-j-m-d/bio-00078027\">Michael Joyner\u003c/a> is a skeptical voice in a sea of eager advocates. Joyner's lab studies exercise. It is, fittingly enough, in a hospital building founded in the 1880s. While Mayo has built all sorts of new labs at its sprawling campus in Rochester, Minn., Joyner can conduct his work without glitzy DNA sequencers and other high-tech tools of precision medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it's not simply that he's an old-school devotee. He believes that the solution to our most pressing health problems lies in thinking about whole human beings, not breaking everything down to DNA sequences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The enthusiasm for this [precision medicine] is occurring in a country where life expectancy is \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2017/12/21/572080314/life-expectancy-drops-again-as-opioid-deaths-surge-in-u-s\">actually falling\u003c/a>,\" he says as he walks through the old linoleum-tiled halls of St. Mary's hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That fact alone leads Joyner to ask whether the money being poured into high-tech medical research is really solving the nation's stark health problems, like obesity, heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease and cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joyner says there are certainly appropriate places to use this technology, and he doesn't dispute the individual stories of success his colleagues tout. But he believes the best way to address the health concerns facing the nation is by studying — and treating — whole people, not by breaking the problems down to billions of genetic bits and pieces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He practices what he preaches in both his personal life — his thorough exercise routine includes commuting by bicycle — and his physiology lab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the day I visited at the end of August, volunteer Greg Ruegsegger was outfitted with monitors, a catheter threaded into a vein and a mask to capture his breath. He would exercise to the point of exhaustion while scientists studied him. This is far more informative than any genetic test, Joyner says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People have looked at 3,000 elite endurance athletes — these are people who compete in the Tour de France and win Olympic medals in cross-country skiing and distance running — and [scientists] have been unable to find any genetic marker for superior performance.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And when it comes to the health of ordinary people, Joyner talks about \u003ca href=\"http://www.bmj.com/content/349/bmj.g4887\">real-world studies\u003c/a>, which show that walking or biking to work has four- or fivefold more influence on a person's body mass index than that person's genetic profile.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joyner is focused on how the body's systems work together during exercise, but the same interconnectedness applies to many diseases. That's why cancer drugs that target one biological pathway generally don't last long. Tumor cells simply find workarounds, exploiting the redundancies deeply embedded in biology. And that's why Joyner has so little faith in science that keeps trying to focus down on smaller and smaller details.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"One of the things we have to ask ourselves when we get these big initiatives is, 'What's the definition of success?' \" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientific discoveries alone don't do it for him. Doctors need to build effective treatments — and patients need to follow along. This is the promise of precision medicine in the long run, but Joyner has published articles (\u003ca href=\"https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2344586?redirect=true\">like this one\u003c/a>) skeptical of the drive to collect vast piles of information, hoping to make sense of it later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Is this just going to be a biological Tower of Babel,\" he asks, or will this information also lead to discoveries that translate beyond the laboratory and actually change public health for the better?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He doesn't doubt that DNA sequencing and other tools of precision medicine are useful in specific instances, such as for diagnosing rare diseases. There are a few uses in cancer treatment, but so far there has been just \u003ca href=\"http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanonc/article/PIIS1470-2045(15)00188-6/abstract\">one randomized study\u003c/a> of patients assigned to treatments based on their tumor's DNA profile, and it showed no advantage over traditional medical judgment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This isn't a popular point of view elsewhere at the Mayo Clinic, which is sinking hundreds of millions of dollars a year into precision medicine. The shiny new labs across campus seem a world apart from Joyner's physiology lab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After my conversation with Joyner, Mayo public affairs officers eagerly led me to a series of scientists there who disagree with him. One stop was at the Medical Genome Facility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This room is chock-full of machines that cost many hundreds of thousands of dollars apiece. They can analyze DNA from a person, a tumor or even a single human cell. They can read out an entire genome, or just a subset, which is called the exome.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I really do believe that understanding our genome is fundamental,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.mayo.edu/research/faculty/cunningham-julie-m-ph-d/bio-00078368\">Julie Cunningham\u003c/a>, one of the facility's three co-directors. Like other scientists at Mayo, she has had swaths of her own exome sequenced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I learned that by and large I'm really lucky, but I learned that I have two [genetic] variants that affect how I respond to particular drugs that are out there.\" She had actually known that before for one of those drugs, \"but now I know exactly why I have it and it's potentially serious. That has to be good. There's nothing wrong with that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bad drug reactions are a serious medical problem, so in principle, a genome profile should help reduce that risk. The reality, though, is that the vast majority of genomic tests for drug sensitivity \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3351041/\">give ambiguous answers\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the most carefully studied examples involves the blood thinner warfarin. Four separate studies show that people who got genomic testing for this susceptibility \u003ca href=\"https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/genetic-testing-doesnt-improve-warfarin-dosing\">did no better\u003c/a> — \u003ca href=\"https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2654820?utm_campaign=articlePDF&utm_medium=articlePDFlink&utm_source=articlePDF&utm_content=jama.2017.11465\">or only marginally better\u003c/a> — than patients whose dosages were determined by traditional strategies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This lack of strong data is a problem for many areas of precision medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Although we think conceptually this is going to be of high value, and it will ultimately improve health care with better quality and lower cost, we have to prove that,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.mayo.edu/research/faculty/stewart-keith-m-b-ch-b/bio-00027952\">Keith Stewart\u003c/a>, a hematologist who directs Mayo's Center for Individualized Medicine. \"If it doesn't all pan out the way we expect that's OK. But I think there will be plenty of unexpected areas that we haven't conceptualized yet, so I think it's a very worthwhile investment on the taxpayers' point of view.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether precision medicine is going to be a boom or a bust, \"right now it's just speculation on both sides,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is somewhat inevitable that every person in this country will have their genome sequenced.\" he adds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gianrico Farrugia, a gastroenterologist who is chief executive officer of the Mayo Clinic in Florida, agrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What we're beginning to see is that technology is invading and replacing traditional testing,\" says Farrugia. For example, it is already used to determine treatments for lung cancer and diagnose rare diseases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, in any event, he says medicine is already moving aggressively into this new territory and there's no going back. \"That's not only wrong,\" he says, \"it's impossible.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the momentum now built up behind this enterprise, precision medicine will be judged like much of modern medicine: in hindsight, after it becomes entrenched in clinical practice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>You can contact Richard Harris via \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"mailto:rharris@npr.org\">email\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Will+Gathering+Vast+Troves+of+Information+Really+Lead+To+Better+Health%3F&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Hundreds of millions of dollars are pouring into research labs in an effort to collect genetic information on a million people. But some skeptics say the focus should be on humans themselves, not DNA.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1515803116,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":33,"wordCount":1270},"headData":{"title":"Precision Medicine Skeptic: Are We Building 'Biological Tower of Babel' | KQED","description":"Hundreds of millions of dollars are pouring into research labs in an effort to collect genetic information on a million people. But some skeptics say the focus should be on humans themselves, not DNA.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Precision Medicine Skeptic: Are We Building 'Biological Tower of Babel'","datePublished":"2018-01-02T14:30:53.000Z","dateModified":"2018-01-13T00:25:16.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"438138 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=438138","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2018/01/02/precision-medicine-skeptic-asks-if-were-building-biological-tower-of-babel/","disqusTitle":"Precision Medicine Skeptic: Are We Building 'Biological Tower of Babel'","nprByline":"Richard Harris\u003cbr />NPR Shots","nprImageAgency":"Richard Harris/NPR","nprStoryId":"572677879","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=572677879&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2017/12/28/572677879/will-gathering-vast-troves-of-information-really-lead-to-better-health?ft=nprml&f=572677879","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Thu, 28 Dec 2017 20:25:00 -0500","nprStoryDate":"Thu, 28 Dec 2017 15:55:00 -0500","nprLastModifiedDate":"Thu, 28 Dec 2017 18:05:47 -0500","nprAudio":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2017/12/20171228_atc_will_gathering_vast_troves_of_information_really_lead_to_better_health.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1128&d=438&p=2&story=572677879&ft=nprml&f=572677879","nprAudioM3u":"http://api.npr.org/m3u/1574314972-110475.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1128&d=438&p=2&story=572677879&ft=nprml&f=572677879","path":"/futureofyou/438138/precision-medicine-skeptic-asks-if-were-building-biological-tower-of-babel","audioUrl":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2017/12/20171228_atc_will_gathering_vast_troves_of_information_really_lead_to_better_health.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1128&d=438&p=2&story=572677879&ft=nprml&f=572677879","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Mayo Clinic is building its future around high-tech approaches to research known as \"precision medicine.\" This involves gathering huge amounts of information from genetic tests, medical records and other data sources to ferret out unexpected ideas to advance health. But one longtime scientist at the Mayo Clinic isn't playing along.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. \u003ca href=\"http://www.mayo.edu/research/faculty/joyner-michael-j-m-d/bio-00078027\">Michael Joyner\u003c/a> is a skeptical voice in a sea of eager advocates. Joyner's lab studies exercise. It is, fittingly enough, in a hospital building founded in the 1880s. While Mayo has built all sorts of new labs at its sprawling campus in Rochester, Minn., Joyner can conduct his work without glitzy DNA sequencers and other high-tech tools of precision medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it's not simply that he's an old-school devotee. He believes that the solution to our most pressing health problems lies in thinking about whole human beings, not breaking everything down to DNA sequences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The enthusiasm for this [precision medicine] is occurring in a country where life expectancy is \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2017/12/21/572080314/life-expectancy-drops-again-as-opioid-deaths-surge-in-u-s\">actually falling\u003c/a>,\" he says as he walks through the old linoleum-tiled halls of St. Mary's hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That fact alone leads Joyner to ask whether the money being poured into high-tech medical research is really solving the nation's stark health problems, like obesity, heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease and cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joyner says there are certainly appropriate places to use this technology, and he doesn't dispute the individual stories of success his colleagues tout. But he believes the best way to address the health concerns facing the nation is by studying — and treating — whole people, not by breaking the problems down to billions of genetic bits and pieces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He practices what he preaches in both his personal life — his thorough exercise routine includes commuting by bicycle — and his physiology lab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the day I visited at the end of August, volunteer Greg Ruegsegger was outfitted with monitors, a catheter threaded into a vein and a mask to capture his breath. He would exercise to the point of exhaustion while scientists studied him. This is far more informative than any genetic test, Joyner says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People have looked at 3,000 elite endurance athletes — these are people who compete in the Tour de France and win Olympic medals in cross-country skiing and distance running — and [scientists] have been unable to find any genetic marker for superior performance.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And when it comes to the health of ordinary people, Joyner talks about \u003ca href=\"http://www.bmj.com/content/349/bmj.g4887\">real-world studies\u003c/a>, which show that walking or biking to work has four- or fivefold more influence on a person's body mass index than that person's genetic profile.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joyner is focused on how the body's systems work together during exercise, but the same interconnectedness applies to many diseases. That's why cancer drugs that target one biological pathway generally don't last long. Tumor cells simply find workarounds, exploiting the redundancies deeply embedded in biology. And that's why Joyner has so little faith in science that keeps trying to focus down on smaller and smaller details.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"One of the things we have to ask ourselves when we get these big initiatives is, 'What's the definition of success?' \" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientific discoveries alone don't do it for him. Doctors need to build effective treatments — and patients need to follow along. This is the promise of precision medicine in the long run, but Joyner has published articles (\u003ca href=\"https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2344586?redirect=true\">like this one\u003c/a>) skeptical of the drive to collect vast piles of information, hoping to make sense of it later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Is this just going to be a biological Tower of Babel,\" he asks, or will this information also lead to discoveries that translate beyond the laboratory and actually change public health for the better?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He doesn't doubt that DNA sequencing and other tools of precision medicine are useful in specific instances, such as for diagnosing rare diseases. There are a few uses in cancer treatment, but so far there has been just \u003ca href=\"http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanonc/article/PIIS1470-2045(15)00188-6/abstract\">one randomized study\u003c/a> of patients assigned to treatments based on their tumor's DNA profile, and it showed no advantage over traditional medical judgment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This isn't a popular point of view elsewhere at the Mayo Clinic, which is sinking hundreds of millions of dollars a year into precision medicine. The shiny new labs across campus seem a world apart from Joyner's physiology lab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After my conversation with Joyner, Mayo public affairs officers eagerly led me to a series of scientists there who disagree with him. One stop was at the Medical Genome Facility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This room is chock-full of machines that cost many hundreds of thousands of dollars apiece. They can analyze DNA from a person, a tumor or even a single human cell. They can read out an entire genome, or just a subset, which is called the exome.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I really do believe that understanding our genome is fundamental,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.mayo.edu/research/faculty/cunningham-julie-m-ph-d/bio-00078368\">Julie Cunningham\u003c/a>, one of the facility's three co-directors. Like other scientists at Mayo, she has had swaths of her own exome sequenced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I learned that by and large I'm really lucky, but I learned that I have two [genetic] variants that affect how I respond to particular drugs that are out there.\" She had actually known that before for one of those drugs, \"but now I know exactly why I have it and it's potentially serious. That has to be good. There's nothing wrong with that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bad drug reactions are a serious medical problem, so in principle, a genome profile should help reduce that risk. The reality, though, is that the vast majority of genomic tests for drug sensitivity \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3351041/\">give ambiguous answers\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the most carefully studied examples involves the blood thinner warfarin. Four separate studies show that people who got genomic testing for this susceptibility \u003ca href=\"https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/genetic-testing-doesnt-improve-warfarin-dosing\">did no better\u003c/a> — \u003ca href=\"https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2654820?utm_campaign=articlePDF&utm_medium=articlePDFlink&utm_source=articlePDF&utm_content=jama.2017.11465\">or only marginally better\u003c/a> — than patients whose dosages were determined by traditional strategies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This lack of strong data is a problem for many areas of precision medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Although we think conceptually this is going to be of high value, and it will ultimately improve health care with better quality and lower cost, we have to prove that,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.mayo.edu/research/faculty/stewart-keith-m-b-ch-b/bio-00027952\">Keith Stewart\u003c/a>, a hematologist who directs Mayo's Center for Individualized Medicine. \"If it doesn't all pan out the way we expect that's OK. But I think there will be plenty of unexpected areas that we haven't conceptualized yet, so I think it's a very worthwhile investment on the taxpayers' point of view.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether precision medicine is going to be a boom or a bust, \"right now it's just speculation on both sides,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is somewhat inevitable that every person in this country will have their genome sequenced.\" he adds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gianrico Farrugia, a gastroenterologist who is chief executive officer of the Mayo Clinic in Florida, agrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What we're beginning to see is that technology is invading and replacing traditional testing,\" says Farrugia. For example, it is already used to determine treatments for lung cancer and diagnose rare diseases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, in any event, he says medicine is already moving aggressively into this new territory and there's no going back. \"That's not only wrong,\" he says, \"it's impossible.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the momentum now built up behind this enterprise, precision medicine will be judged like much of modern medicine: in hindsight, after it becomes entrenched in clinical practice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>You can contact Richard Harris via \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"mailto:rharris@npr.org\">email\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Will+Gathering+Vast+Troves+of+Information+Really+Lead+To+Better+Health%3F&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/438138/precision-medicine-skeptic-asks-if-were-building-biological-tower-of-babel","authors":["byline_futureofyou_438138"],"categories":["futureofyou_1","futureofyou_1064"],"tags":["futureofyou_29","futureofyou_112"],"featImg":"futureofyou_438139","label":"futureofyou"},"futureofyou_436544":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_436544","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"436544","score":null,"sort":[1511884835000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"bay-area-scientists-say-computers-can-develop-cancer-drugs-6-times-faster","title":"Bay Area Scientists Say Computers Can Develop Cancer Drugs 6 Times Faster","publishDate":1511884835,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>The average time to \u003ca href=\"http://njms.rutgers.edu/gsbs/olc/fmtm/resources/improvepharmaNatureDrugDisc.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">identify a new cancer\u003c/a> drug is six years. Since \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/dcpc/data/types.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">one of every four deaths\u003c/a> in the U.S. is due to cancer, a lot of lives could be saved if that drug development time could be cut down to just a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cancer researchers at UCSF and computer scientists at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory are \u003ca href=\"https://www.llnl.gov/news/public-private-consortium-aims-cut-preclinical-cancer-drug-discovery-six-years-just-one\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">partnering\u003c/a> with researchers from the National Cancer Institute's Frederick National Laboratory and pharmaceutical giant GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) in an attempt to do just that. Members of the consortium hope to use supercomputing power to significantly slash the time needed to\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>screen potential cancer drugs and bring them to human trials.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'These projects were completely and utterly just a pipe dream 10 years ago.'\u003ccite>Aedin Culhane,\u003cbr>\nDana-Farber Cancer Institute\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\"We're rolling on this, and it's really exciting,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://cancer.ucsf.edu/people/profiles/ashworth_alan\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Alan Ashworth\u003c/a>, president of the Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center at UCSF. The university is committing $750,000 annually plus researchers and lab space, Ashworth says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>GSK is contributing a vast store of data concerning 2 million molecules that could lead to cancer drugs. The data trove also includes 500 compounds that failed in the development process. The combination of the huge data set with information on failed drugs will be key to training the project's algorithms to understand how compounds interact with the human body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Long Process\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ashworth was one of the scientists who, in 1995, discovered the gene BRCA2, which increases the risk of developing inherited breast cancer. It took 10 years from discovery of the drug to the treatment of cancer related to that mutation, he said, and another 9 years before the drug was licensed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reason cancer drug development can take so long is that most testing is done with actual molecules — millions of them in order to find one that might become an effective drug in treating a particular type of cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'I honestly don’t see how throwing lots of computers at the problem will speed up preclinical cancer-drug discovery.'\u003ccite>Steven Salzberg, Johns Hopkins University\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>For each molecule, researchers create dozens of iterations in a process called \"optimization,\" altering the molecule to find the most effective form. Chemists have to create every modification in the lab, so researchers can test each one for toxic effects and efficacy. Just one toxicology study on one molecule takes 18 months, says Michelle Arkin, an associate professor in the UCSF School of Pharmacy. If the molecule fails, you start over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But if you could test these same molecules in a supercomputer programmed to understand the relevant biological relationships, it would significantly streamline the process — a computer can do in seconds what may take days or weeks in a lab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The consortium, called ATOM, for Accelerating Therapeutics for Opportunities in Medicine, believes computing power has finally reached the point where it can aid in the process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's been a revolution in machine learning,\" says Jim Brase, the deputy associate director for computation at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"YVRKeVHRwPaovC2VxmUgK3PIxKAyVlyu\"]In the past, Brase says, when scientists wanted to analyze a large set of data, they had to tell the computer what interactions to search for in determining how a drug molecule might affect a specific protein in a particular type of tumor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But now, Brase says, scientists believe they can teach a computer the fundamentals of biology so it can learn to identify which relationships might be effective and which could be useless or toxic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Success will depend on scientists' ability to push computer learning to new levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stacie Calad-Thomson, operations, planning and strategy director with GSK, says the consortium will take the first two years of the project to develop algorithms. After that, the goal is to identify an effective drug and take it to human trials -- all within one year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The original data donated by GSK will remain private, says Mary Anne Rhyne, the company's director of corporate communications. But any resulting drug-testing tools will be made publicly available.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Reasons for Skepticism and Hope\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The goals of computer-assisted drug development and personalized medicine have been around for a \u003ca href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20080513083401/http://www.isgtw.org:80/?pid=1000993\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">long time, \u003c/a>and many of these efforts have disappointed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this year \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/09/06/ibm-pitched-its-watson-supercomputer-as-a-revolution-in-cancer-care-its-nowhere-close/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">STAT\u003c/a>, as well as watchdog site\u003ca href=\"https://www.healthnewsreview.org/2017/02/md-anderson-cancer-centers-ibm-watson-project-fails-journalism-related/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Health News Review, \u003c/a>reported on the failed collaboration between the M.D. Anderson Cancer Center and IBM's Watson, which sought to make personal cancer treatment recommendations and match patients to clinical trials. Behind the largely positive news coverage, the project did not work as hoped. (\u003ca href=\"https://medcitynews.com/2017/02/mayo-clinic-cio-ai-stuff-really-real/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Not everyone agrees\u003c/a> it's been a bust.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, the company's \u003ca href=\"https://www.ibm.com/watson/health/life-sciences/drug-discovery/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Watson for Drug Discovery\u003c/a> program is hoping candidate drugs it identified as potential treatment for Parkinson's disease will prove to work. And IBM and Pfizer \u003ca href=\"https://www.forbes.com/sites/brucejapsen/2016/12/01/pfizer-partners-with-ibm-watson-to-advance-cancer-drug-discovery/#68904ce21b1e\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">announced a collaboration\u003c/a> in 2016 to use Watson to accelerate cancer drug discovery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Steven Salzberg, director of the Center for Computational Biology at the McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine at Johns Hopkins University, is skeptical of such supercomputing efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I honestly don't see how throwing lots of computers at the problem will speed up preclinical cancer drug discovery,\" he says. \"It's the classic problem where when your only tool is a hammer, everything looks like a nail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We all need computers for research, so that's good. But cutting drug discovery from 6 years down to 1? That sounds implausible to me.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute at Harvard, Aedin Culhane, who is also a researcher in the Department of Biostatistics, is more optimistic. Yes, the idea of computer-assisted drug discovery has been around for a long time, she says, but it's only now that it's finally matured.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'I think there are a confluence of things that give this a better shot now than we had in the past.'\u003ccite>John Baldoni, GlaxoSmithKline\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\"These projects were completely and utterly just a pipe dream 10 years ago,\" says Culhane. \"And now we have more and better data, and we're learning more day by day. Given good data, the machines can learn, and I'm very hopeful about it. Much more than I was 10 years ago.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She finds ATOM's intent to publish negative results especially interesting. \"Because that's something that is missing. Academics rarely publish negative results, and pharma even more so.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Re-examing old data in the light of new information, she says, can sometimes offer novel insights. Perhaps researchers misunderstood how a failed drug was working in the body the first time around; or maybe reviewing its off-target effects in light of new discoveries related to tumors will reveal a deeper understanding of biochemistry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John Baldoni, senior vice president for computerized drug screening at GSK, says that not only are data more abundant, but the engineering required for computer-based analysis is more sophisticated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also believes researchers will be able to draw on software advancements in fields like facial recognition and dimensional analysis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have applications in other sectors that are analogous to the applications that we want to develop in the pharma sector,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The technology is also starting to demonstrate results, according to Baldoni. He points to clinical testing of molecules discovered by computer algorithms from \u003ca href=\"http://www.nimbustx.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Nimbus Therapeutics\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What I would say to a skeptic,\" he says, \"is 'You might be right.' But I hope they're not. I think there are a confluence of things that give this a better shot now than we had in the past.\"\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Researchers at UCSF and Lawrence Livermore National Lab are partnering with GlaxoSmithKline in an attempt to use supercomputers to slash the screening time needed for potential cancer drugs.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1512424181,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":34,"wordCount":1265},"headData":{"title":"Bay Area Scientists Say Computers Can Develop Cancer Drugs 6 Times Faster | KQED","description":"Researchers at UCSF and Lawrence Livermore National Lab are partnering with GlaxoSmithKline in an attempt to use supercomputers to slash the screening time needed for potential cancer drugs.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Bay Area Scientists Say Computers Can Develop Cancer Drugs 6 Times Faster","datePublished":"2017-11-28T16:00:35.000Z","dateModified":"2017-12-04T21:49:41.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"436544 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=436544","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/11/28/bay-area-scientists-say-computers-can-develop-cancer-drugs-6-times-faster/","disqusTitle":"Bay Area Scientists Say Computers Can Develop Cancer Drugs 6 Times Faster","source":"KQED Future of You","path":"/futureofyou/436544/bay-area-scientists-say-computers-can-develop-cancer-drugs-6-times-faster","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The average time to \u003ca href=\"http://njms.rutgers.edu/gsbs/olc/fmtm/resources/improvepharmaNatureDrugDisc.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">identify a new cancer\u003c/a> drug is six years. Since \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/dcpc/data/types.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">one of every four deaths\u003c/a> in the U.S. is due to cancer, a lot of lives could be saved if that drug development time could be cut down to just a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cancer researchers at UCSF and computer scientists at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory are \u003ca href=\"https://www.llnl.gov/news/public-private-consortium-aims-cut-preclinical-cancer-drug-discovery-six-years-just-one\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">partnering\u003c/a> with researchers from the National Cancer Institute's Frederick National Laboratory and pharmaceutical giant GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) in an attempt to do just that. Members of the consortium hope to use supercomputing power to significantly slash the time needed to\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>screen potential cancer drugs and bring them to human trials.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'These projects were completely and utterly just a pipe dream 10 years ago.'\u003ccite>Aedin Culhane,\u003cbr>\nDana-Farber Cancer Institute\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\"We're rolling on this, and it's really exciting,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://cancer.ucsf.edu/people/profiles/ashworth_alan\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Alan Ashworth\u003c/a>, president of the Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center at UCSF. The university is committing $750,000 annually plus researchers and lab space, Ashworth says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>GSK is contributing a vast store of data concerning 2 million molecules that could lead to cancer drugs. The data trove also includes 500 compounds that failed in the development process. The combination of the huge data set with information on failed drugs will be key to training the project's algorithms to understand how compounds interact with the human body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Long Process\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ashworth was one of the scientists who, in 1995, discovered the gene BRCA2, which increases the risk of developing inherited breast cancer. It took 10 years from discovery of the drug to the treatment of cancer related to that mutation, he said, and another 9 years before the drug was licensed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reason cancer drug development can take so long is that most testing is done with actual molecules — millions of them in order to find one that might become an effective drug in treating a particular type of cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'I honestly don’t see how throwing lots of computers at the problem will speed up preclinical cancer-drug discovery.'\u003ccite>Steven Salzberg, Johns Hopkins University\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>For each molecule, researchers create dozens of iterations in a process called \"optimization,\" altering the molecule to find the most effective form. Chemists have to create every modification in the lab, so researchers can test each one for toxic effects and efficacy. Just one toxicology study on one molecule takes 18 months, says Michelle Arkin, an associate professor in the UCSF School of Pharmacy. If the molecule fails, you start over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But if you could test these same molecules in a supercomputer programmed to understand the relevant biological relationships, it would significantly streamline the process — a computer can do in seconds what may take days or weeks in a lab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The consortium, called ATOM, for Accelerating Therapeutics for Opportunities in Medicine, believes computing power has finally reached the point where it can aid in the process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's been a revolution in machine learning,\" says Jim Brase, the deputy associate director for computation at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>In the past, Brase says, when scientists wanted to analyze a large set of data, they had to tell the computer what interactions to search for in determining how a drug molecule might affect a specific protein in a particular type of tumor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But now, Brase says, scientists believe they can teach a computer the fundamentals of biology so it can learn to identify which relationships might be effective and which could be useless or toxic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Success will depend on scientists' ability to push computer learning to new levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stacie Calad-Thomson, operations, planning and strategy director with GSK, says the consortium will take the first two years of the project to develop algorithms. After that, the goal is to identify an effective drug and take it to human trials -- all within one year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The original data donated by GSK will remain private, says Mary Anne Rhyne, the company's director of corporate communications. But any resulting drug-testing tools will be made publicly available.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Reasons for Skepticism and Hope\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The goals of computer-assisted drug development and personalized medicine have been around for a \u003ca href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20080513083401/http://www.isgtw.org:80/?pid=1000993\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">long time, \u003c/a>and many of these efforts have disappointed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this year \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/09/06/ibm-pitched-its-watson-supercomputer-as-a-revolution-in-cancer-care-its-nowhere-close/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">STAT\u003c/a>, as well as watchdog site\u003ca href=\"https://www.healthnewsreview.org/2017/02/md-anderson-cancer-centers-ibm-watson-project-fails-journalism-related/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Health News Review, \u003c/a>reported on the failed collaboration between the M.D. Anderson Cancer Center and IBM's Watson, which sought to make personal cancer treatment recommendations and match patients to clinical trials. Behind the largely positive news coverage, the project did not work as hoped. (\u003ca href=\"https://medcitynews.com/2017/02/mayo-clinic-cio-ai-stuff-really-real/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Not everyone agrees\u003c/a> it's been a bust.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, the company's \u003ca href=\"https://www.ibm.com/watson/health/life-sciences/drug-discovery/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Watson for Drug Discovery\u003c/a> program is hoping candidate drugs it identified as potential treatment for Parkinson's disease will prove to work. And IBM and Pfizer \u003ca href=\"https://www.forbes.com/sites/brucejapsen/2016/12/01/pfizer-partners-with-ibm-watson-to-advance-cancer-drug-discovery/#68904ce21b1e\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">announced a collaboration\u003c/a> in 2016 to use Watson to accelerate cancer drug discovery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Steven Salzberg, director of the Center for Computational Biology at the McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine at Johns Hopkins University, is skeptical of such supercomputing efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I honestly don't see how throwing lots of computers at the problem will speed up preclinical cancer drug discovery,\" he says. \"It's the classic problem where when your only tool is a hammer, everything looks like a nail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We all need computers for research, so that's good. But cutting drug discovery from 6 years down to 1? That sounds implausible to me.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute at Harvard, Aedin Culhane, who is also a researcher in the Department of Biostatistics, is more optimistic. Yes, the idea of computer-assisted drug discovery has been around for a long time, she says, but it's only now that it's finally matured.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'I think there are a confluence of things that give this a better shot now than we had in the past.'\u003ccite>John Baldoni, GlaxoSmithKline\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\"These projects were completely and utterly just a pipe dream 10 years ago,\" says Culhane. \"And now we have more and better data, and we're learning more day by day. Given good data, the machines can learn, and I'm very hopeful about it. Much more than I was 10 years ago.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She finds ATOM's intent to publish negative results especially interesting. \"Because that's something that is missing. Academics rarely publish negative results, and pharma even more so.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Re-examing old data in the light of new information, she says, can sometimes offer novel insights. Perhaps researchers misunderstood how a failed drug was working in the body the first time around; or maybe reviewing its off-target effects in light of new discoveries related to tumors will reveal a deeper understanding of biochemistry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John Baldoni, senior vice president for computerized drug screening at GSK, says that not only are data more abundant, but the engineering required for computer-based analysis is more sophisticated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also believes researchers will be able to draw on software advancements in fields like facial recognition and dimensional analysis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have applications in other sectors that are analogous to the applications that we want to develop in the pharma sector,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The technology is also starting to demonstrate results, according to Baldoni. He points to clinical testing of molecules discovered by computer algorithms from \u003ca href=\"http://www.nimbustx.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Nimbus Therapeutics\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What I would say to a skeptic,\" he says, \"is 'You might be right.' But I hope they're not. I think there are a confluence of things that give this a better shot now than we had in the past.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/436544/bay-area-scientists-say-computers-can-develop-cancer-drugs-6-times-faster","authors":["235","11088"],"categories":["futureofyou_452","futureofyou_1062","futureofyou_1","futureofyou_73"],"tags":["futureofyou_29","futureofyou_103","futureofyou_1403","futureofyou_952","futureofyou_1275","futureofyou_377"],"featImg":"futureofyou_437052","label":"source_futureofyou_436544"},"futureofyou_329225":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_329225","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"329225","score":null,"sort":[1494352825000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"find-life-expectancy-and-disease-fatality-rates-in-every-u-s-county","title":"Life Expectancy Gap in U.S. Grows: Find the Numbers in Every U.S. County","publishDate":1494352825,"format":"aside","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cdiv class=\"show-for-small-only\">\n\u003cp>On Monday an \u003ca href=\"http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/fullarticle/2626194\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">analysis\u003c/a> was published in JAMA Internal Medicine that showed a growing gap between counties with the highest and lowest life expectancy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The paper, from researchers at the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, revealed that 13 counties have shorter expected lifespans than their parents did.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Citizens of Aglala Lakota County, South Dakota who were born in 2014 have an average life expectancy of 66.8 years, the lowest in the nation. That's lower than the life expectancy in Sudan, India and Iraq, IHME said. The county includes the Pine Ridge Native American reservation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Various counties in Appalachia, parts of the southeast and other counties in South Dakota also fared poorly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parts of central Colorado had the highest life expectancy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From 1980 to 2014, these counties had the greatest increase in life expectancy:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Aleutians East Borough, Aleutians West Census Area, Alaska (+18.3%)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>North Slope Borough, Alaska (+17.9%)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>New York County, New York (+15.2%)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Sumter County, Florida (+13.8%)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>San Francisco County, California (+13.5%)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Kings County, New York (+13.2%)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Kodiak Island Borough, Alaska (+13.2%)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Northwest Arctic Borough, Alaska (+12.8%)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>District of Columbia, District of Columbia (+12.8%)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Loudoun County, Virginia (+12.4%)\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>And the worst decreases:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Owsley County, Kentucky (-3%)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Lee County, Kentucky (-2%)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Leslie County, Kentucky (-1.9%)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Breathitt County, Kentucky (-1.4%)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Clay County, Kentucky (-1.3%)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Powell County, Kentucky (-1.1%)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Estill County, Kentucky (-1%)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Perry County, Kentucky (-0.8%)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Kiowa County, Oklahoma (-0.7%)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Perry County, Alabama (-0.6%)\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>In January a \u003ca href=\"http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2598772\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">study\u003c/a> published in \u003cem>JAMA\u003c/em> highlighted the geographical disparities within the U.S. regarding cancer death rates. Researchers at the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation looked at the country's more than 19.5 million cancer deaths in every one of 3,144 U.S. counties from 1980-2014. The study found that while the overall cancer mortality rate decreased by about 20 percent, in 160 counties the rate actually increased.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of the data from the latest studies and more are incorporated into IHME's \u003ca href=\"https://vizhub.healthdata.org/subnational/usa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">U.S. Health Map\u003c/a>, launched in 2013 with a look at mortality rates by county. Since then the institute has supplemented the map with additional data as more research has been conducted. Big data geeks, health researchers, and those with a morbid propensity to delve into who-dies-where-from-what have been parsing the data, which includes live expectancy, mortality rates and different risk factors, ever since.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Click on the image for the map. Not a great experience on mobile, so you may want to bookmark or send to yourself for later viewing.\u003ca href=\"https://vizhub.healthdata.org/subnational/usa\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-327126\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2014/01/mapgraphic-800x512.jpg\" alt=\"mapgraphic\" width=\"800\" height=\"512\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2014/01/mapgraphic-800x512.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2014/01/mapgraphic-160x102.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2014/01/mapgraphic-768x492.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2014/01/mapgraphic-960x615.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2014/01/mapgraphic-240x154.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2014/01/mapgraphic-375x240.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2014/01/mapgraphic-520x333.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2014/01/mapgraphic.jpg 965w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003chr>\n\u003chr>\n\u003chr>\n\u003chr>\n\u003chr>\n\u003chr>\n\u003chr>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>The Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation on Monday released another in a series of its big-data analyses of who-dies-where-from-what, and like so much else in the country, the news is good or bad depending on where you live.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/fullarticle/2626194\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">analysis\u003c/a>, published in \u003cem>JAMA Internal Medicine\u003c/em>, showed a growing gap between counties with the highest and lowest life expectancy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\u003cem>Interactive map: Mortality rates, life expectancy and risk factors by every U.S. county, 1980-2014\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe style=\"border: 0; width: 100%; height: 800px;\" src=\"https://vizhub.healthdata.org/subnational/usa\" width=\"100%\" scrolling=\"yes\" height=\"500\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study from IHME researchers revealed that in 13 counties, residents have shorter expected lifespans than their parents did.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Citizens of Aglala Lakota County, South Dakota who were born in 2014 have an average life expectancy of 66.8 years, the lowest in the nation. That's worse than the life expectancy in Sudan, India and Iraq, IHME said. The county includes the Pine Ridge Native American reservation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Various counties in Appalachia, parts of the southeast and other counties in South Dakota also fared poorly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parts of central Colorado had the highest life expectancy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From 1980 to 2014, these counties had the greatest increase in life expectancy:\u003c/p>\n\u003col>\n\u003cli>Aleutians East Borough, Aleutians West Census Area, Alaska (+18.3%)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>North Slope Borough, Alaska (+17.9%)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>New York County, New York (+15.2%)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Sumter County, Florida (+13.8%)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>San Francisco County, California (+13.5%)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Kings County, New York (+13.2%)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Kodiak Island Borough, Alaska (+13.2%)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Northwest Arctic Borough, Alaska (+12.8%)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>District of Columbia, District of Columbia (+12.8%)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Loudoun County, Virginia (+12.4%)\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ol>\n\u003cp>And the worst decreases:\u003c/p>\n\u003col>\n\u003cli>Owsley County, Kentucky (-3%)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Lee County, Kentucky (-2%)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Leslie County, Kentucky (-1.9%)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Breathitt County, Kentucky (-1.4%)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Clay County, Kentucky (-1.3%)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Powell County, Kentucky (-1.1%)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Estill County, Kentucky (-1%)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Perry County, Kentucky (-0.8%)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Kiowa County, Oklahoma (-0.7%)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Perry County, Alabama (-0.6%)\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ol>\n\u003cp>From our friends at \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2017/05/08/527103885/life-expectancy-can-vary-by-20-years-depending-on-where-you-live\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR Shots\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>There's no sign of the gap closing. In fact, it appears to be widening. Between 1980 and 2014, the gap between the highest and lowest life spans increased by about two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"With every passing year, inequality — however you measure it — has been widening over the last 34 years,\" [IHME's Christopher} Murray says. \"And so next year, we can reliably expect it'll be even more than 20.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That is probably the most alarming part of the analysis,\" he adds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reasons for the gap are complicated. But it looks as if the counties with the lowest life spans haven't made much progress fighting significant health problems such as smoking and obesity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's this steady process where many parts of the country have been steadily getting better, and then there's a segment of America where things have not progressed in a generation and a half,\" Murray says.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>In January a study published in JAMA highlighted the geographical disparities within the U.S. regarding cancer death rates. Researchers at IHME looked at the country's more than 19.5 million cancer deaths in every one of 3,144 U.S. counties from 1980-2014. The study found that while the overall cancer mortality rate decreased by about 20 percent, in 160 counties the rate actually increased.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of the data from the latest studies and more are incorporated into IHME's U.S. Health Map, which you can peruse at your leisure above. Launched in 2013 with a look at mortality rates by county, the IHME has supplemented the map with additional data as more research has been conducted. Big data geeks, health researchers, and those with morbid propensities have been parsing the data ever since.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The IHME is funded in large part by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and the state of Washington. The website will give you access to \u003ca href=\"http://www.healthdata.org/results/data-visualizations\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">more data visualizations\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.healthdata.org/results/research-articles\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">research papers\u003c/a> and how the institute's data is being \u003ca href=\"http://www.healthdata.org/acting-on-data\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">used internationally\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A new analysis of life expectancy by county has been incorporated into the interactive U.S. Health Map, revealing growing geographical disparities.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1494430692,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":29,"wordCount":1092},"headData":{"title":"Life Expectancy Gap in U.S. Grows: Find the Numbers in Every U.S. County | KQED","description":"A new analysis of life expectancy by county has been incorporated into the interactive U.S. Health Map, revealing growing geographical disparities.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Life Expectancy Gap in U.S. Grows: Find the Numbers in Every U.S. County","datePublished":"2017-05-09T18:00:25.000Z","dateModified":"2017-05-10T15:38:12.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"329225 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=329225","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/05/09/find-life-expectancy-and-disease-fatality-rates-in-every-u-s-county/","disqusTitle":"Life Expectancy Gap in U.S. Grows: Find the Numbers in Every U.S. County","source":"KQED Future of You","customPermalink":"2017/01/31/find-life-expectancy-map/","path":"/futureofyou/329225/find-life-expectancy-and-disease-fatality-rates-in-every-u-s-county","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cdiv class=\"show-for-small-only\">\n\u003cp>On Monday an \u003ca href=\"http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/fullarticle/2626194\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">analysis\u003c/a> was published in JAMA Internal Medicine that showed a growing gap between counties with the highest and lowest life expectancy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The paper, from researchers at the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, revealed that 13 counties have shorter expected lifespans than their parents did.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Citizens of Aglala Lakota County, South Dakota who were born in 2014 have an average life expectancy of 66.8 years, the lowest in the nation. That's lower than the life expectancy in Sudan, India and Iraq, IHME said. The county includes the Pine Ridge Native American reservation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Various counties in Appalachia, parts of the southeast and other counties in South Dakota also fared poorly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parts of central Colorado had the highest life expectancy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From 1980 to 2014, these counties had the greatest increase in life expectancy:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Aleutians East Borough, Aleutians West Census Area, Alaska (+18.3%)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>North Slope Borough, Alaska (+17.9%)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>New York County, New York (+15.2%)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Sumter County, Florida (+13.8%)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>San Francisco County, California (+13.5%)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Kings County, New York (+13.2%)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Kodiak Island Borough, Alaska (+13.2%)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Northwest Arctic Borough, Alaska (+12.8%)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>District of Columbia, District of Columbia (+12.8%)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Loudoun County, Virginia (+12.4%)\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>And the worst decreases:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Owsley County, Kentucky (-3%)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Lee County, Kentucky (-2%)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Leslie County, Kentucky (-1.9%)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Breathitt County, Kentucky (-1.4%)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Clay County, Kentucky (-1.3%)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Powell County, Kentucky (-1.1%)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Estill County, Kentucky (-1%)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Perry County, Kentucky (-0.8%)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Kiowa County, Oklahoma (-0.7%)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Perry County, Alabama (-0.6%)\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>In January a \u003ca href=\"http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2598772\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">study\u003c/a> published in \u003cem>JAMA\u003c/em> highlighted the geographical disparities within the U.S. regarding cancer death rates. Researchers at the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation looked at the country's more than 19.5 million cancer deaths in every one of 3,144 U.S. counties from 1980-2014. The study found that while the overall cancer mortality rate decreased by about 20 percent, in 160 counties the rate actually increased.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of the data from the latest studies and more are incorporated into IHME's \u003ca href=\"https://vizhub.healthdata.org/subnational/usa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">U.S. Health Map\u003c/a>, launched in 2013 with a look at mortality rates by county. Since then the institute has supplemented the map with additional data as more research has been conducted. Big data geeks, health researchers, and those with a morbid propensity to delve into who-dies-where-from-what have been parsing the data, which includes live expectancy, mortality rates and different risk factors, ever since.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Click on the image for the map. Not a great experience on mobile, so you may want to bookmark or send to yourself for later viewing.\u003ca href=\"https://vizhub.healthdata.org/subnational/usa\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-327126\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2014/01/mapgraphic-800x512.jpg\" alt=\"mapgraphic\" width=\"800\" height=\"512\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2014/01/mapgraphic-800x512.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2014/01/mapgraphic-160x102.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2014/01/mapgraphic-768x492.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2014/01/mapgraphic-960x615.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2014/01/mapgraphic-240x154.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2014/01/mapgraphic-375x240.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2014/01/mapgraphic-520x333.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2014/01/mapgraphic.jpg 965w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003chr>\n\u003chr>\n\u003chr>\n\u003chr>\n\u003chr>\n\u003chr>\n\u003chr>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>The Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation on Monday released another in a series of its big-data analyses of who-dies-where-from-what, and like so much else in the country, the news is good or bad depending on where you live.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/fullarticle/2626194\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">analysis\u003c/a>, published in \u003cem>JAMA Internal Medicine\u003c/em>, showed a growing gap between counties with the highest and lowest life expectancy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\u003cem>Interactive map: Mortality rates, life expectancy and risk factors by every U.S. county, 1980-2014\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe style=\"border: 0; width: 100%; height: 800px;\" src=\"https://vizhub.healthdata.org/subnational/usa\" width=\"100%\" scrolling=\"yes\" height=\"500\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study from IHME researchers revealed that in 13 counties, residents have shorter expected lifespans than their parents did.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Citizens of Aglala Lakota County, South Dakota who were born in 2014 have an average life expectancy of 66.8 years, the lowest in the nation. That's worse than the life expectancy in Sudan, India and Iraq, IHME said. The county includes the Pine Ridge Native American reservation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Various counties in Appalachia, parts of the southeast and other counties in South Dakota also fared poorly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parts of central Colorado had the highest life expectancy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From 1980 to 2014, these counties had the greatest increase in life expectancy:\u003c/p>\n\u003col>\n\u003cli>Aleutians East Borough, Aleutians West Census Area, Alaska (+18.3%)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>North Slope Borough, Alaska (+17.9%)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>New York County, New York (+15.2%)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Sumter County, Florida (+13.8%)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>San Francisco County, California (+13.5%)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Kings County, New York (+13.2%)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Kodiak Island Borough, Alaska (+13.2%)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Northwest Arctic Borough, Alaska (+12.8%)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>District of Columbia, District of Columbia (+12.8%)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Loudoun County, Virginia (+12.4%)\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ol>\n\u003cp>And the worst decreases:\u003c/p>\n\u003col>\n\u003cli>Owsley County, Kentucky (-3%)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Lee County, Kentucky (-2%)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Leslie County, Kentucky (-1.9%)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Breathitt County, Kentucky (-1.4%)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Clay County, Kentucky (-1.3%)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Powell County, Kentucky (-1.1%)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Estill County, Kentucky (-1%)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Perry County, Kentucky (-0.8%)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Kiowa County, Oklahoma (-0.7%)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Perry County, Alabama (-0.6%)\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ol>\n\u003cp>From our friends at \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2017/05/08/527103885/life-expectancy-can-vary-by-20-years-depending-on-where-you-live\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR Shots\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>There's no sign of the gap closing. In fact, it appears to be widening. Between 1980 and 2014, the gap between the highest and lowest life spans increased by about two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"With every passing year, inequality — however you measure it — has been widening over the last 34 years,\" [IHME's Christopher} Murray says. \"And so next year, we can reliably expect it'll be even more than 20.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That is probably the most alarming part of the analysis,\" he adds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reasons for the gap are complicated. But it looks as if the counties with the lowest life spans haven't made much progress fighting significant health problems such as smoking and obesity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's this steady process where many parts of the country have been steadily getting better, and then there's a segment of America where things have not progressed in a generation and a half,\" Murray says.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>In January a study published in JAMA highlighted the geographical disparities within the U.S. regarding cancer death rates. Researchers at IHME looked at the country's more than 19.5 million cancer deaths in every one of 3,144 U.S. counties from 1980-2014. The study found that while the overall cancer mortality rate decreased by about 20 percent, in 160 counties the rate actually increased.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of the data from the latest studies and more are incorporated into IHME's U.S. Health Map, which you can peruse at your leisure above. Launched in 2013 with a look at mortality rates by county, the IHME has supplemented the map with additional data as more research has been conducted. Big data geeks, health researchers, and those with morbid propensities have been parsing the data ever since.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The IHME is funded in large part by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and the state of Washington. The website will give you access to \u003ca href=\"http://www.healthdata.org/results/data-visualizations\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">more data visualizations\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.healthdata.org/results/research-articles\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">research papers\u003c/a> and how the institute's data is being \u003ca href=\"http://www.healthdata.org/acting-on-data\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">used internationally\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/329225/find-life-expectancy-and-disease-fatality-rates-in-every-u-s-county","authors":["80"],"categories":["futureofyou_452","futureofyou_1","futureofyou_73"],"tags":["futureofyou_29","futureofyou_1143"],"featImg":"futureofyou_329220","label":"source_futureofyou_329225"},"futureofyou_351728":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_351728","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"351728","score":null,"sort":[1490078348000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"health-data-broken-down-by-neighborhood-yep-here-it-is-in-a-map","title":"Health Data Broken Down by Neighborhood in Interactive Map","publishDate":1490078348,"format":"aside","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"futureofyou"},"content":"\u003cp>Okay, we thought big data folks had really turned it \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Up_to_eleven\" target=\"_blank\">up to 11\u003c/a> with the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation's comprehensive \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/01/31/find-life-expectancy-map/\" target=\"_blank\">U.S. Health Map\u003c/a>, which categorizes each and every U.S. death by each and every U.S. county. The map can tell you which areas of the country have the lowest life expectancy (parts of Appalachia and the South don't look good); which suffer the highest rates of binge drinking (Wisconsin, Montana, North Dakota) and suicide (the Kusilvak Census Area in Alaska; South Dakota Native American reservations); and lots of other information that will satisfy even the most voracious consumer of death and morbidity data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when it comes to urban areas, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention may have gone the IHME's tool one better \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">— \u003c/span>turned it up to 12, if you will \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">— \u003c/span>with its recently introduced health data map, part of its \u003ca href=\"https://chronicdata.cdc.gov/health-area/500-cities\" target=\"_blank\">500 Cities\u003c/a> project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The project identifies, analyzes, and reports on 27 chronic disease measures focusing on conditions, behaviors, and risk factors that have a substantial effect on people’s health,\" according to the CDC, which launched the map in partnership with the CDC Foundation and the Robert Woods Johnson Foundation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"show-for-small-only\">\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Click on the image to be taken to the map.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/500cities/\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-346557\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/03/cdcmap-1.jpg\" alt=\"cdcmap\" width=\"713\" height=\"507\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv align=\"center\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"850\" height=\"1000\" src=\"https://nccd.cdc.gov/500_Cities/rdPage.aspx?rdReport=DPH_500_Cities.InteractiveMap&islCategories=HLTHOUT&islMeasures=ARTHRITIS&islStates=59\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But wait, there's more\u003cb> \u003c/b> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">— \u003c/span> the map doesn't just drill down to the city level; it homes in on each census tract, which is, \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">basically, \u003c/span>your neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We clicked ourselves down to the city level for San Francisco, where KQED is based, then all the way into different patches of blocks, checking out health outcomes like asthma, diabetes and cancer. The prevention data displays rates for dental visits, annual checkups and lack of health insurance, among other measures, and the stats for \"unhealthy behaviors\" include the numbers on smoking, obesity and lack of sleep. (View the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/500cities/measure-definitions.htm\" target=\"_blank\">definitions of each measure here\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of these are self-reported, we're relieved to find out. (Still, what's next -- unhealthy behaviors broken out by each room in your apartment?)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The data, from as recently as 2014, comes from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (which is collected through telephone surveys, despite its high-tech and ominous-sounding name), U.S. Census Bureau \u003ca href=\"https://www.census.gov/topics/population/data.html\" target=\"_blank\">population data\u003c/a>, and the bureau's \u003ca href=\"https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/\" target=\"_blank\">American Community Survey\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keep in mind these numbers represent estimates, derived from \"small area estimation techniques.\" These statistical methods use data from big surveys pertaining to larger geographical areas, then apply that data to smaller areas, said James Holt, the CDC's team leader for analytic methods in the Division of Population Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All well and good. But we did notice one thing: The residents in San Francisco's Golden Gate Park do a relatively heavy amount of binge drinking, according to the map. What, do the the squirrels have an alcohol problem?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The area that contains Golden Gate Park is census tract 060759803,\" wrote a CDC spokesperson, in response to a question that didn't mention squirrels. \"According to the 2010 US Census, this census tract had a 2010 resident population of 171. We did suppress estimates for census tracts that had fewer than 50 residents, to avoid the issue of interpretation, but Golden Gate Park is in a tract that exceeds that threshold.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Okay, then.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CDC anticipates this trove of data will be used by local health officials, to help them \"target health interventions to areas within their cities at highest need,\" Holt said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Enjoy, data nerds, enjoy.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"An interactive health data map from the CDC reports health conditions, behaviors and risk factors down to the neighborhood level for the 500 biggest cities in the U.S.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1490128011,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":17,"wordCount":633},"headData":{"title":"Health Data Broken Down by Neighborhood in Interactive Map | KQED","description":"An interactive health data map from the CDC reports health conditions, behaviors and risk factors down to the neighborhood level for the 500 biggest cities in the U.S.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Health Data Broken Down by Neighborhood in Interactive Map","datePublished":"2017-03-21T06:39:08.000Z","dateModified":"2017-03-21T20:26:51.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"351728 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=351728","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/03/20/health-data-broken-down-by-neighborhood-yep-here-it-is-in-a-map/","disqusTitle":"Health Data Broken Down by Neighborhood in Interactive Map","customPermalink":"2017/03/15/health-data-broken-down-by-neighborhood-yep-here-it-is-in-a-map/","path":"/futureofyou/351728/health-data-broken-down-by-neighborhood-yep-here-it-is-in-a-map","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Okay, we thought big data folks had really turned it \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Up_to_eleven\" target=\"_blank\">up to 11\u003c/a> with the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation's comprehensive \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/01/31/find-life-expectancy-map/\" target=\"_blank\">U.S. Health Map\u003c/a>, which categorizes each and every U.S. death by each and every U.S. county. The map can tell you which areas of the country have the lowest life expectancy (parts of Appalachia and the South don't look good); which suffer the highest rates of binge drinking (Wisconsin, Montana, North Dakota) and suicide (the Kusilvak Census Area in Alaska; South Dakota Native American reservations); and lots of other information that will satisfy even the most voracious consumer of death and morbidity data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when it comes to urban areas, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention may have gone the IHME's tool one better \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">— \u003c/span>turned it up to 12, if you will \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">— \u003c/span>with its recently introduced health data map, part of its \u003ca href=\"https://chronicdata.cdc.gov/health-area/500-cities\" target=\"_blank\">500 Cities\u003c/a> project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The project identifies, analyzes, and reports on 27 chronic disease measures focusing on conditions, behaviors, and risk factors that have a substantial effect on people’s health,\" according to the CDC, which launched the map in partnership with the CDC Foundation and the Robert Woods Johnson Foundation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"show-for-small-only\">\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Click on the image to be taken to the map.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/500cities/\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-346557\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/03/cdcmap-1.jpg\" alt=\"cdcmap\" width=\"713\" height=\"507\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv align=\"center\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"850\" height=\"1000\" src=\"https://nccd.cdc.gov/500_Cities/rdPage.aspx?rdReport=DPH_500_Cities.InteractiveMap&islCategories=HLTHOUT&islMeasures=ARTHRITIS&islStates=59\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But wait, there's more\u003cb> \u003c/b> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">— \u003c/span> the map doesn't just drill down to the city level; it homes in on each census tract, which is, \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">basically, \u003c/span>your neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We clicked ourselves down to the city level for San Francisco, where KQED is based, then all the way into different patches of blocks, checking out health outcomes like asthma, diabetes and cancer. The prevention data displays rates for dental visits, annual checkups and lack of health insurance, among other measures, and the stats for \"unhealthy behaviors\" include the numbers on smoking, obesity and lack of sleep. (View the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/500cities/measure-definitions.htm\" target=\"_blank\">definitions of each measure here\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of these are self-reported, we're relieved to find out. (Still, what's next -- unhealthy behaviors broken out by each room in your apartment?)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The data, from as recently as 2014, comes from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (which is collected through telephone surveys, despite its high-tech and ominous-sounding name), U.S. Census Bureau \u003ca href=\"https://www.census.gov/topics/population/data.html\" target=\"_blank\">population data\u003c/a>, and the bureau's \u003ca href=\"https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/\" target=\"_blank\">American Community Survey\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keep in mind these numbers represent estimates, derived from \"small area estimation techniques.\" These statistical methods use data from big surveys pertaining to larger geographical areas, then apply that data to smaller areas, said James Holt, the CDC's team leader for analytic methods in the Division of Population Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All well and good. But we did notice one thing: The residents in San Francisco's Golden Gate Park do a relatively heavy amount of binge drinking, according to the map. What, do the the squirrels have an alcohol problem?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The area that contains Golden Gate Park is census tract 060759803,\" wrote a CDC spokesperson, in response to a question that didn't mention squirrels. \"According to the 2010 US Census, this census tract had a 2010 resident population of 171. We did suppress estimates for census tracts that had fewer than 50 residents, to avoid the issue of interpretation, but Golden Gate Park is in a tract that exceeds that threshold.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Okay, then.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CDC anticipates this trove of data will be used by local health officials, to help them \"target health interventions to areas within their cities at highest need,\" Holt said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Enjoy, data nerds, enjoy.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/351728/health-data-broken-down-by-neighborhood-yep-here-it-is-in-a-map","authors":["80"],"categories":["futureofyou_1"],"tags":["futureofyou_1207","futureofyou_29","futureofyou_854","futureofyou_80"],"featImg":"futureofyou_354735","label":"futureofyou"},"futureofyou_291159":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_291159","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"291159","score":null,"sort":[1480468482000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"explosion-of-big-data-but-scientists-cant-keep-up","title":"Explosion of Big Data, But Scientists Can't Keep Up","publishDate":1480468482,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"futureofyou"},"content":"\u003cp>Biomedical research is going big-time: Megaprojects that collect vast stores of data are proliferating rapidly. But scientists' ability to make sense of all that information isn't keeping up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This conundrum took center stage at a meeting of patient advocates, called \u003ca href=\"http://www.partneringforcures.org/\">Partnering For Cures\u003c/a>, in New York City on Nov. 15.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the one hand, there's an embarrassment of riches, as billions of dollars are spent on these megaprojects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's the White House's \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/CancerMoonshot\">Cancer Moonshot\u003c/a> (which seeks to make 10 years of progress in cancer research over the next five years), the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nih.gov/research-training/allofus-research-program\">Precision Medicine Initiative\u003c/a> (which is trying to recruit a million Americans to glean hints about health and disease from their data), \u003ca href=\"https://www.braininitiative.nih.gov/\">The BRAIN Initiative\u003c/a> (to map the neural circuits and understand the mechanics of thought and memory) and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sanger.ac.uk/news/view/international-human-cell-atlas-initiative\">International Human Cell Atlas Initiative\u003c/a> (to identify and describe all human cell types).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's not just that any one data repository is growing exponentially, the \u003cem>number\u003c/em> of data repositories is growing exponentially,\" said \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucsf.edu/news/2015/01/122656/ucsf-taps-atul-butte-lead-big-data-center\">Dr. Atul Butte\u003c/a>, who leads the Institute for Computational Health Sciences at the University of California, San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the most remarkable efforts is the federal government's push to get doctors and hospitals to put medical records in digital form. That shift to electronic records is costing billions of dollars — including \u003ca href=\"http://www.modernhealthcare.com/article/20150213/NEWS/302139932/federal-health-it-payments-top-28-billion-after-december-surge\">more than $28 billion\u003c/a> alone in federal incentives to hospitals, doctors and others to adopt them. The investment is creating a vast data repository that could potentially be mined for clues about health and disease, the way websites and merchants gather data about you to personalize the online ads you see and for other commercial purposes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, unlike the data scientists at Google and Facebook, medical researchers have done almost nothing as yet to systematically analyze the information in these records, Butte said. \"As a country, I think we're investing close to zero analyzing any of that data,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prospecting for hints about health and disease isn't going to be easy. The raw data aren't very robust and reliable. Electronic medical records are often kept in databases that aren't compatible with one another, at least without a struggle. Some of the potentially revealing details are also kept as free-form notes, which can be hard to extract and interpret. Errors \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3797550/#B22\">commonly creep\u003c/a> into these records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And data culled from scientific studies aren't entirely trustworthy, either.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So many articles that are published today are going to be wrong in 10 years,\" said Greg Simon, who leads the Cancer Moonshot. \"That's just the history of scientific research, and the question is you just don't know which ones are going to be wrong.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists trying to figure out how to analyze that flood of big data are going to have to cut through the dissonance to find a melody. That takes skill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In a world when anything is possible because you have so much data, how do you figure out who has done the math right?\" asked Food and Drug Administration Commissioner \u003ca href=\"http://www.fda.gov/AboutFDA/CentersOffices/ucm452317.htm\">Robert Califf\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said the only way to know for sure is to take ideas gleaned from the big datasets and then try them out in people. That means persuading patients to participate in studies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just a small percentage do today, \"and what we're seeing in our best academic centers, the clinicians say they don't have time to talk to patients about participating in studies,\" Califf said. \"So, far and away this is our No. 1 issue that we're focused on with big data.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These problems aren't just abstractions for \u003ca href=\"http://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2016/03/strength-in-love-hope-in-science/\">Sonia Vallabh\u003c/a>. Her mother died of a rare, fatal genetic disease in middle age, called \u003ca href=\"http://www.prionalliance.org/\">prion disease\u003c/a>. Vallabh carries the same mutation that afflicted her mother. Vallabh quit her job as a lawyer and is now seeking a doctorate in biological and biomedical sciences at the Broad Institute in Cambridge, Mass.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vallabh turned to a huge data set of genetic information to see what she could learn about her condition. \"It basically confirmed what we thought we knew about my genetic mutation, which is it makes me almost 100 percent likely to die this way by midlife,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the data also yielded a surprise. Her disease is caused by having too much of a certain protein in her body. And some people with only half as much of this dangerous protein didn't get sick and die.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So, here's an experiment of nature handed to us on a platter by big data, that says if we can find a way to turn down this disease protein, this protein that wants to kill me, that should be a safe way to delay or prevent disease.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that's not a question to be answered through data-crunching. Vallabh needs the old-fashioned kind of medical research — laboratory and clinical science — to develop a drug that would reduce the protein safely and effectively.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>You can email Richard Harris at\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"mailto:rharris@npr.org\">rharris@npr.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Big+Data+Coming+In+Faster+Than+Biomedical+Researchers+Can+Process+It&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"There's a plethora of projects to gather data about the brain, various kinds of cancer and every type of cell in the body. But researchers are struggling to keep up with the information explosion.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1480468502,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":22,"wordCount":852},"headData":{"title":"Explosion of Big Data, But Scientists Can't Keep Up | KQED","description":"There's a plethora of projects to gather data about the brain, various kinds of cancer and every type of cell in the body. But researchers are struggling to keep up with the information explosion.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Explosion of Big Data, But Scientists Can't Keep Up","datePublished":"2016-11-30T01:14:42.000Z","dateModified":"2016-11-30T01:15:02.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"291159 http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=291159","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/11/29/explosion-of-big-data-but-scientists-cant-keep-up/","disqusTitle":"Explosion of Big Data, But Scientists Can't Keep Up","nprByline":"Richard Harris\u003cbr />NPR Shots","nprImageAgency":" Katherine Streeter for NPR","nprStoryId":"503035862","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=503035862&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/11/28/503035862/big-data-coming-in-faster-than-biomedical-researchers-can-process-it?ft=nprml&f=503035862","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Mon, 28 Nov 2016 18:28:00 -0500","nprStoryDate":"Mon, 28 Nov 2016 14:04:00 -0500","nprLastModifiedDate":"Mon, 28 Nov 2016 18:50:24 -0500","nprAudio":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2016/11/20161128_atc_big_data_coming_in_faster_than_biomedical_researchers_can_process_it.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1128&d=263&p=2&story=503035862&t=progseg&e=503576017&seg=6&ft=nprml&f=503035862","nprAudioM3u":"http://api.npr.org/m3u/1503632456-f9f152.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1128&d=263&p=2&story=503035862&t=progseg&e=503576017&seg=6&ft=nprml&f=503035862","path":"/futureofyou/291159/explosion-of-big-data-but-scientists-cant-keep-up","audioUrl":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2016/11/20161128_atc_big_data_coming_in_faster_than_biomedical_researchers_can_process_it.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1128&d=263&p=2&story=503035862&t=progseg&e=503576017&seg=6&ft=nprml&f=503035862","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Biomedical research is going big-time: Megaprojects that collect vast stores of data are proliferating rapidly. But scientists' ability to make sense of all that information isn't keeping up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This conundrum took center stage at a meeting of patient advocates, called \u003ca href=\"http://www.partneringforcures.org/\">Partnering For Cures\u003c/a>, in New York City on Nov. 15.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the one hand, there's an embarrassment of riches, as billions of dollars are spent on these megaprojects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's the White House's \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/CancerMoonshot\">Cancer Moonshot\u003c/a> (which seeks to make 10 years of progress in cancer research over the next five years), the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nih.gov/research-training/allofus-research-program\">Precision Medicine Initiative\u003c/a> (which is trying to recruit a million Americans to glean hints about health and disease from their data), \u003ca href=\"https://www.braininitiative.nih.gov/\">The BRAIN Initiative\u003c/a> (to map the neural circuits and understand the mechanics of thought and memory) and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sanger.ac.uk/news/view/international-human-cell-atlas-initiative\">International Human Cell Atlas Initiative\u003c/a> (to identify and describe all human cell types).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's not just that any one data repository is growing exponentially, the \u003cem>number\u003c/em> of data repositories is growing exponentially,\" said \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucsf.edu/news/2015/01/122656/ucsf-taps-atul-butte-lead-big-data-center\">Dr. Atul Butte\u003c/a>, who leads the Institute for Computational Health Sciences at the University of California, San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the most remarkable efforts is the federal government's push to get doctors and hospitals to put medical records in digital form. That shift to electronic records is costing billions of dollars — including \u003ca href=\"http://www.modernhealthcare.com/article/20150213/NEWS/302139932/federal-health-it-payments-top-28-billion-after-december-surge\">more than $28 billion\u003c/a> alone in federal incentives to hospitals, doctors and others to adopt them. The investment is creating a vast data repository that could potentially be mined for clues about health and disease, the way websites and merchants gather data about you to personalize the online ads you see and for other commercial purposes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, unlike the data scientists at Google and Facebook, medical researchers have done almost nothing as yet to systematically analyze the information in these records, Butte said. \"As a country, I think we're investing close to zero analyzing any of that data,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prospecting for hints about health and disease isn't going to be easy. The raw data aren't very robust and reliable. Electronic medical records are often kept in databases that aren't compatible with one another, at least without a struggle. Some of the potentially revealing details are also kept as free-form notes, which can be hard to extract and interpret. Errors \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3797550/#B22\">commonly creep\u003c/a> into these records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And data culled from scientific studies aren't entirely trustworthy, either.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So many articles that are published today are going to be wrong in 10 years,\" said Greg Simon, who leads the Cancer Moonshot. \"That's just the history of scientific research, and the question is you just don't know which ones are going to be wrong.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists trying to figure out how to analyze that flood of big data are going to have to cut through the dissonance to find a melody. That takes skill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In a world when anything is possible because you have so much data, how do you figure out who has done the math right?\" asked Food and Drug Administration Commissioner \u003ca href=\"http://www.fda.gov/AboutFDA/CentersOffices/ucm452317.htm\">Robert Califf\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said the only way to know for sure is to take ideas gleaned from the big datasets and then try them out in people. That means persuading patients to participate in studies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just a small percentage do today, \"and what we're seeing in our best academic centers, the clinicians say they don't have time to talk to patients about participating in studies,\" Califf said. \"So, far and away this is our No. 1 issue that we're focused on with big data.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These problems aren't just abstractions for \u003ca href=\"http://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2016/03/strength-in-love-hope-in-science/\">Sonia Vallabh\u003c/a>. Her mother died of a rare, fatal genetic disease in middle age, called \u003ca href=\"http://www.prionalliance.org/\">prion disease\u003c/a>. Vallabh carries the same mutation that afflicted her mother. Vallabh quit her job as a lawyer and is now seeking a doctorate in biological and biomedical sciences at the Broad Institute in Cambridge, Mass.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vallabh turned to a huge data set of genetic information to see what she could learn about her condition. \"It basically confirmed what we thought we knew about my genetic mutation, which is it makes me almost 100 percent likely to die this way by midlife,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the data also yielded a surprise. Her disease is caused by having too much of a certain protein in her body. And some people with only half as much of this dangerous protein didn't get sick and die.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So, here's an experiment of nature handed to us on a platter by big data, that says if we can find a way to turn down this disease protein, this protein that wants to kill me, that should be a safe way to delay or prevent disease.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that's not a question to be answered through data-crunching. Vallabh needs the old-fashioned kind of medical research — laboratory and clinical science — to develop a drug that would reduce the protein safely and effectively.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>You can email Richard Harris at\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"mailto:rharris@npr.org\">rharris@npr.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Big+Data+Coming+In+Faster+Than+Biomedical+Researchers+Can+Process+It&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/291159/explosion-of-big-data-but-scientists-cant-keep-up","authors":["byline_futureofyou_291159"],"categories":["futureofyou_1"],"tags":["futureofyou_29"],"featImg":"futureofyou_291160","label":"futureofyou"},"futureofyou_202830":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_202830","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"202830","score":null,"sort":[1468858931000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"in-pakistan-phone-calls-to-hotline-predict-dengue-fever-outbreaks","title":"In Pakistan, Phone Calls to Hotline Predict Dengue Fever Outbreaks","publishDate":1468858931,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"futureofyou"},"content":"\u003cp>In an epidemic, health professionals often struggle to answer two basic questions: Who is sick and where are they?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/12/10/458953265/disease-sleuths-analyze-google-searches-to-stop-infections\">have investigated\u003c/a> how a spike in Google searches (for example, \"What is flu?\") can help them determine if a disease is spreading and how many people might be affected in a given area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Similar information can be gleaned from \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o1ofGRkkuD4&list=PLNO3Oi0ENDVYGnPZCgiOVrCqBcc7AUIQp&index=4\">Wikipedia\u003c/a> page views.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">If an area had a surge in calls, neighborhood hospitals would see a spike in patients in the following weeks. The goal: to create digital maps indicating areas at risk.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But in developing countries, where many people have limited Internet access, these predictors fall short. That's where phones come in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The possible predictive power of phone calls is the topic of a \u003ca href=\"http://advances.sciencemag.org/content/2/7/e1501215\">paper\u003c/a> published in \u003cem>Science Advances \u003c/em>about a dengue epidemic that hit Lahore, Pakistan, a city of upward of 7 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A research team out of New York University invited people to call a hotline if they had symptoms that might be consistent with dengue. By analyzing 300,000 calls, the team could not only identify outbreak areas — they could predict future surges two weeks or more in advance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spread by mosquitoes, \u003ca href=\"http://www.who.int/topics/dengue/en/\">dengue\u003c/a> causes fever, vomiting and muscle and joint pain. But it's not often fatal. With proper medical care, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs117/en/\">death rate\u003c/a> is typically less than 1 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this outbreak, more than 21,000 patients were affected and more than 350 people died. \"We'd never had a dengue outbreak of this sort before,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://itu.edu.pk/faculty-itu/dr-umar-saif/\">Umar Saif\u003c/a>, chairman of the Punjab Information Technology Board and a coauthor of the study. The number of cases was unprecedented in the area. \"The government wasn't prepared, and we didn't know what to do. We were basically caught totally by surprise.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its early stages, dengue looks a lot like the flu. To help the sick figure out if they had dengue or not, government officials set up a hotline, advertised it on television, radio and billboards and spoke about it at community meeting spots. When people called, trained responders asked for their addresses, read them a questionnaire about symptoms, then marked whether each case seemed to be a genuine instance of dengue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As people began calling the hotline, Saif and \u003ca href=\"https://cs.nyu.edu/%7Elakshmi/Lakshmi/Home.html\">Lakshminarayanan Subramanian\u003c/a>, a computer scientist from NYU, began to notice a trend. If an area had a surge in calls, neighborhood hospitals would see a spike in patients in the following weeks. Not every patient had called the hotline, but the scientists could still forecast the number of cases based on those who did. Subramanian formed a team to devise a computer system that could make such predictions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers began to test their model in 2012, adding in weather conditions that were favorable to mosquitoes. The goal was to create digital maps for public officials, indicating areas at risk. It's unusual to have very specific information about geography in disease forecasts, but this model could predict not only patient numbers for Lahore but the districts where the disease was likely spreading.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So officials could direct scarce resources toward areas on the verge of a dengue spike. They sprayed for mosquitoes, added hospital beds, and presented progress reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2012, the number of confirmed dengue patients in Lahore dropped to 257. The disease may have naturally been on the decline, but the scientists believe the system played a critical role by directing help to the regions where it was most needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the pilot study in 2012-13, the hotline predictive system has rolled out broadly across Punjab, the province that's home to Lahore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Finding alternative ways to track the disease is exciting,\" says epidemiologist \u003ca href=\"http://public.lanl.gov/sdelvall/\">Sara Del Valle\u003c/a> of the Los Alamos National Laboratory. She was not involved in the study but has studied Wikipedia as a means of predicting flu. Del Valle wishes the study had delved into caller demographics a bit more to ensure that these calls don't miss groups of patients of a certain age, for example.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://idmod.org/team/bio/117\">Ben Althouse\u003c/a>, an epidemiologist who has studied forecasts based on Google searches, said the system was especially promising because the maps are easy for public health officials to digest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Saif says the system may soon be put to the test again in Pakistan. \"Monsoon season hits the province in a few weeks,\" he says. \"We're bracing for another dengue outbreak.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is the second phone-related study tied to the dengue epidemic. In a report last fall, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2015/09/08/437566559/cellphone-records-could-help-predict-next-dengue-outbreak\">Goats and Soda wrote of the potential value of cellphone records\u003c/a> of 40 million customers of the phone company Telenor Pakistan during a 2013 dengue outbreak: \"The cellphone data [showing how people move about], added to climate information, could have been used to accurately predict both the geographic spread of this disease and its timing,\" according to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.pnas.org/content/112/38/11887\">report\u003c/a> in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Science. The authors cautioned that doing such predictions in real time would be difficult.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Report%3A+Hotline+In+Lahore+Helped+Predict+Surges+In+Dengue+Fever&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"By analyzing 300,000 phone calls, researchers could not only identify outbreak areas — they could predict future surges two weeks or more in advance.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1468858966,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":20,"wordCount":843},"headData":{"title":"In Pakistan, Phone Calls to Hotline Predict Dengue Fever Outbreaks | KQED","description":"By analyzing 300,000 phone calls, researchers could not only identify outbreak areas — they could predict future surges two weeks or more in advance.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"In Pakistan, Phone Calls to Hotline Predict Dengue Fever Outbreaks","datePublished":"2016-07-18T16:22:11.000Z","dateModified":"2016-07-18T16:22:46.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"202830 http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=202830","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/07/18/in-pakistan-phone-calls-to-hotline-predict-dengue-fever-outbreaks/","disqusTitle":"In Pakistan, Phone Calls to Hotline Predict Dengue Fever Outbreaks","nprByline":"Natalie Jacewicz\u003cbr />NPR Goats and Soda","nprStoryId":"485157095","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=485157095&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"http://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2016/07/11/485157095/report-hotline-in-lahore-helped-predict-surges-in-dengue-fever?ft=nprml&f=485157095","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Mon, 11 Jul 2016 18:02:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Mon, 11 Jul 2016 18:02:00 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Mon, 11 Jul 2016 18:02:41 -0400","path":"/futureofyou/202830/in-pakistan-phone-calls-to-hotline-predict-dengue-fever-outbreaks","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In an epidemic, health professionals often struggle to answer two basic questions: Who is sick and where are they?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/12/10/458953265/disease-sleuths-analyze-google-searches-to-stop-infections\">have investigated\u003c/a> how a spike in Google searches (for example, \"What is flu?\") can help them determine if a disease is spreading and how many people might be affected in a given area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Similar information can be gleaned from \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o1ofGRkkuD4&list=PLNO3Oi0ENDVYGnPZCgiOVrCqBcc7AUIQp&index=4\">Wikipedia\u003c/a> page views.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">If an area had a surge in calls, neighborhood hospitals would see a spike in patients in the following weeks. The goal: to create digital maps indicating areas at risk.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But in developing countries, where many people have limited Internet access, these predictors fall short. That's where phones come in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The possible predictive power of phone calls is the topic of a \u003ca href=\"http://advances.sciencemag.org/content/2/7/e1501215\">paper\u003c/a> published in \u003cem>Science Advances \u003c/em>about a dengue epidemic that hit Lahore, Pakistan, a city of upward of 7 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A research team out of New York University invited people to call a hotline if they had symptoms that might be consistent with dengue. By analyzing 300,000 calls, the team could not only identify outbreak areas — they could predict future surges two weeks or more in advance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spread by mosquitoes, \u003ca href=\"http://www.who.int/topics/dengue/en/\">dengue\u003c/a> causes fever, vomiting and muscle and joint pain. But it's not often fatal. With proper medical care, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs117/en/\">death rate\u003c/a> is typically less than 1 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this outbreak, more than 21,000 patients were affected and more than 350 people died. \"We'd never had a dengue outbreak of this sort before,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://itu.edu.pk/faculty-itu/dr-umar-saif/\">Umar Saif\u003c/a>, chairman of the Punjab Information Technology Board and a coauthor of the study. The number of cases was unprecedented in the area. \"The government wasn't prepared, and we didn't know what to do. We were basically caught totally by surprise.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its early stages, dengue looks a lot like the flu. To help the sick figure out if they had dengue or not, government officials set up a hotline, advertised it on television, radio and billboards and spoke about it at community meeting spots. When people called, trained responders asked for their addresses, read them a questionnaire about symptoms, then marked whether each case seemed to be a genuine instance of dengue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As people began calling the hotline, Saif and \u003ca href=\"https://cs.nyu.edu/%7Elakshmi/Lakshmi/Home.html\">Lakshminarayanan Subramanian\u003c/a>, a computer scientist from NYU, began to notice a trend. If an area had a surge in calls, neighborhood hospitals would see a spike in patients in the following weeks. Not every patient had called the hotline, but the scientists could still forecast the number of cases based on those who did. Subramanian formed a team to devise a computer system that could make such predictions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers began to test their model in 2012, adding in weather conditions that were favorable to mosquitoes. The goal was to create digital maps for public officials, indicating areas at risk. It's unusual to have very specific information about geography in disease forecasts, but this model could predict not only patient numbers for Lahore but the districts where the disease was likely spreading.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So officials could direct scarce resources toward areas on the verge of a dengue spike. They sprayed for mosquitoes, added hospital beds, and presented progress reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2012, the number of confirmed dengue patients in Lahore dropped to 257. The disease may have naturally been on the decline, but the scientists believe the system played a critical role by directing help to the regions where it was most needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the pilot study in 2012-13, the hotline predictive system has rolled out broadly across Punjab, the province that's home to Lahore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Finding alternative ways to track the disease is exciting,\" says epidemiologist \u003ca href=\"http://public.lanl.gov/sdelvall/\">Sara Del Valle\u003c/a> of the Los Alamos National Laboratory. She was not involved in the study but has studied Wikipedia as a means of predicting flu. Del Valle wishes the study had delved into caller demographics a bit more to ensure that these calls don't miss groups of patients of a certain age, for example.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://idmod.org/team/bio/117\">Ben Althouse\u003c/a>, an epidemiologist who has studied forecasts based on Google searches, said the system was especially promising because the maps are easy for public health officials to digest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Saif says the system may soon be put to the test again in Pakistan. \"Monsoon season hits the province in a few weeks,\" he says. \"We're bracing for another dengue outbreak.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is the second phone-related study tied to the dengue epidemic. In a report last fall, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2015/09/08/437566559/cellphone-records-could-help-predict-next-dengue-outbreak\">Goats and Soda wrote of the potential value of cellphone records\u003c/a> of 40 million customers of the phone company Telenor Pakistan during a 2013 dengue outbreak: \"The cellphone data [showing how people move about], added to climate information, could have been used to accurately predict both the geographic spread of this disease and its timing,\" according to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.pnas.org/content/112/38/11887\">report\u003c/a> in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Science. The authors cautioned that doing such predictions in real time would be difficult.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Report%3A+Hotline+In+Lahore+Helped+Predict+Surges+In+Dengue+Fever&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/202830/in-pakistan-phone-calls-to-hotline-predict-dengue-fever-outbreaks","authors":["byline_futureofyou_202830"],"categories":["futureofyou_452","futureofyou_1"],"tags":["futureofyou_29","futureofyou_980","futureofyou_80"],"featImg":"futureofyou_206094","label":"futureofyou"},"futureofyou_181211":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_181211","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"181211","score":null,"sort":[1465597604000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"microsoft-says-searches-predicted-pancreatic-cancer","title":"Microsoft Says Searches Predicted Pancreatic Cancer","publishDate":1465597604,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"futureofyou"},"content":"\u003cp>\"Big data\" is a very 21st-century kind of buzzword, which ambiguously invokes the idea of using large sets of data to draw computer-assisted conclusions about trends, patterns and correlations, often about people and their behavior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But if you wanted to trace the origin of using big data for health research, you'd have to go back — way back, to 17th-century England.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There, you'll find a haberdasher by the name of \u003ca href=\"http://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Graunt\" target=\"_blank\">John Graunt\u003c/a>, who undertook a peculiar project. He began to study so-called bills of mortality, death records kept during the plague-riddled times, and compiled death details into tables, noting age, gender, cause, location and time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This vital statistics research later turned into a \u003ca href=\"http://www.neonatology.org/pdf/graunt.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">1662 tome\u003c/a>. It marked a seminal moment in demography, the statistical study of populations, but also in epidemiology, the study of what causes diseases and how they spread among different groups of people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was totally groundbreaking for its time. It was a much larger scale of looking at trends in disease than anyone had looked at previously,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.cuit.columbia.edu/sjm2186/\" target=\"_blank\">Stephen Mooney\u003c/a>, an epidemiologist at Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"At some point you have to think about what it means to put together a table and look at patterns in year-over-year,\" he says. \"For the time, that was big data.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, the groundbreaking \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/tags/161337202/big-data\" target=\"_blank\">big data\u003c/a> of today is a far cry from hand-crafted tables. It allows researchers to use super-fast computers to query billions of digital records we leave in our wake on social media, on our wearable devices, in our search history — our \"digital exhaust,\" as Boston Children's Hospital Chief Innovation Officer \u003ca href=\"http://scholar.harvard.edu/john/home\" target=\"_blank\">John Brownstein\u003c/a> puts it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And isn't that a \u003cem>good\u003c/em> thing?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The promise of big data for modern health is \u003ca href=\"http://www.forbes.com/sites/bernardmarr/2015/04/21/how-big-data-is-changing-healthcare/#2852198032d9\" target=\"_blank\">much extolled\u003c/a>. This week came the latest feat. Scientists at Microsoft \u003ca href=\"http://jop.ascopubs.org/content/early/2016/06/02/JOP.2015.010504.full?version=meter+at+0&module=meter-Links&pgtype=article&contentId=&mediaId=&referrer=&priority=true&action=click&contentCollection=meter-links-click\" target=\"_blank\">published a study\u003c/a> showing that Web search queries (on Microsoft's Bing search engine) may hold clues to a future diagnosis of pancreatic cancer, one of the fastest and most fatal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In essence what Microsoft researchers did was this: They studied millions of anonymized searches on Microsoft's Bing to find queries suggestive of a user's recent diagnosis, such as \"Why did I get cancer in pancreas\" or \"Just diagnosed with pancreatic cancer.\" They then backtracked the digital footprints left by the same computer to locate searches for earlier symptoms of the disease, and to create a statistical model that they say could predict 5 percent to 15 percent of the ultimate diagnoses based on earlier search activity, with \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/08/technology/online-searches-can-identify-cancer-victims-study-finds.html\" target=\"_blank\">pretty low false positives\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"My take is that it's exciting but preliminary,\" says Mooney, who \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4385465/\" target=\"_blank\">has studied\u003c/a> the use of big data in public health. \"The potential benefit is huge,\" he says, but \"it would be easy to naively assume we know more about this than we do.\" It's one thing to detect early digital clues to a diagnosis, but another to actually prevent or delay a death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Microsoft scientists themselves acknowledge this in the study. \"Clinical trials are necessary to understand whether our learned model has practical utility, including in combination with other screening methods,\" they write.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Therein lies the crux of this big data future: It's a logical progression for the modern hyper-connected world, but one that will continue to require the solid grounding of a traditional health professional, to steer data toward usefulness, to avoid unwarranted anxiety or even unnecessary testing, and to zero in on actual causes, not just correlations within particular health trends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That's why I think, if you talk to a lot of epidemiologists, they may be suspicious of some of these big data-type approaches,\" says Mooney, \"because they'd be concerned that there's a loss of attention to causation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most high-profile lesson in failed causation was \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2009/05/google_flu_trends.html\" target=\"_blank\">Google Flu Trends\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2008, Google researchers decided to measure flu activity, in real time, based on users' Web searches. It was a headline-grabbing project and worked well — for a while. Academic researchers who later did a postmortem on the project, David Lazer and Ryan Kennedy, \u003ca href=\"http://www.wired.com/2015/10/can-learn-epic-failure-google-flu-trends/\" target=\"_blank\">wrote in\u003c/a> \u003cem>Wired\u003c/em> magazine:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"GFT failed — and failed spectacularly — missing at the peak of the 2013 flu season by 140 percent. ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"While Google's efforts in projecting the flu were well meaning, they were remarkably opaque in terms of method and data — making it dangerous to rely on Google Flu Trends for any decision-making.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"For example, Google's algorithm was quite vulnerable to overfitting to seasonal terms unrelated to the flu, like 'high school basketball.' ... There were bound to be searches that were strongly correlated by pure chance, and these terms were unlikely to be driven by actual flu cases or predictive of future trends.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The project's failure, however, does not negate the promise of big data in health. Beyond analyses of large-scale trends, capturing passively created data on people's sentiments, mental ups and downs, things you may not ever think to bring up with your physician can be \"very powerful,\" Brownstein says. (Of course, with proper privacy and security protections in mind.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's not data that can be used in a sil, it's one gear in the system,\" he says, \"so it's not like this holy grail. It's just data that can be used, that can be harnessed, in conjunction with other types of information strains.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To Mooney, Google Flu Trends was a case of a \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/alltechconsidered/2014/09/09/347135536/the-apple-watch-is-here-and-another-tech-hype-cycle-commences\" target=\"_blank\">hype cycle\u003c/a>, \"this concept that technologies get overhyped and then are disappointing, but sometime after the disappointment, can often return to a sort of plateau of usefulness.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in that is a lesson on big data in health: It deserves both enthusiasm and caution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Ideally, I'd like people to embrace both of them,\" says Mooney, \"to recognize that it's exciting and concerning at the same time. Because the world is messy and it's possible to be exciting and concerning at the same time.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Can+Web+Search+Predict+Cancer%3F+Promise+And+Worry+Of+Big+Data+And+Health&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A new study says Bing searches held clues to pancreatic cancer diagnoses. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1467391189,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":26,"wordCount":1022},"headData":{"title":"Microsoft Says Searches Predicted Pancreatic Cancer | KQED","description":"A new study says Bing searches held clues to pancreatic cancer diagnoses. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Microsoft Says Searches Predicted Pancreatic Cancer","datePublished":"2016-06-10T22:26:44.000Z","dateModified":"2016-07-01T16:39:49.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"181211 http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=181211","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/06/10/microsoft-says-searches-predicted-pancreatic-cancer/","disqusTitle":"Microsoft Says Searches Predicted Pancreatic Cancer","WpOldSlug":"can-web-search-predict-cancer-promise-and-worry-of-big-data-and-health","nprImageCredit":"Jamie Grill","nprByline":"Alina Selyukh\u003cbr />All Tech Considered","nprImageAgency":"Tetra images RF/Getty Images","nprStoryId":"481262383","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=481262383&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"http://www.npr.org/2016/06/10/481262383/can-web-search-predict-cancer-promise-and-worry-of-big-data-and-health?ft=nprml&f=481262383","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Fri, 10 Jun 2016 17:48:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Fri, 10 Jun 2016 07:01:00 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Fri, 10 Jun 2016 17:48:42 -0400","path":"/futureofyou/181211/microsoft-says-searches-predicted-pancreatic-cancer","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\"Big data\" is a very 21st-century kind of buzzword, which ambiguously invokes the idea of using large sets of data to draw computer-assisted conclusions about trends, patterns and correlations, often about people and their behavior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But if you wanted to trace the origin of using big data for health research, you'd have to go back — way back, to 17th-century England.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There, you'll find a haberdasher by the name of \u003ca href=\"http://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Graunt\" target=\"_blank\">John Graunt\u003c/a>, who undertook a peculiar project. He began to study so-called bills of mortality, death records kept during the plague-riddled times, and compiled death details into tables, noting age, gender, cause, location and time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This vital statistics research later turned into a \u003ca href=\"http://www.neonatology.org/pdf/graunt.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">1662 tome\u003c/a>. It marked a seminal moment in demography, the statistical study of populations, but also in epidemiology, the study of what causes diseases and how they spread among different groups of people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was totally groundbreaking for its time. It was a much larger scale of looking at trends in disease than anyone had looked at previously,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.cuit.columbia.edu/sjm2186/\" target=\"_blank\">Stephen Mooney\u003c/a>, an epidemiologist at Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"At some point you have to think about what it means to put together a table and look at patterns in year-over-year,\" he says. \"For the time, that was big data.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, the groundbreaking \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/tags/161337202/big-data\" target=\"_blank\">big data\u003c/a> of today is a far cry from hand-crafted tables. It allows researchers to use super-fast computers to query billions of digital records we leave in our wake on social media, on our wearable devices, in our search history — our \"digital exhaust,\" as Boston Children's Hospital Chief Innovation Officer \u003ca href=\"http://scholar.harvard.edu/john/home\" target=\"_blank\">John Brownstein\u003c/a> puts it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And isn't that a \u003cem>good\u003c/em> thing?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The promise of big data for modern health is \u003ca href=\"http://www.forbes.com/sites/bernardmarr/2015/04/21/how-big-data-is-changing-healthcare/#2852198032d9\" target=\"_blank\">much extolled\u003c/a>. This week came the latest feat. Scientists at Microsoft \u003ca href=\"http://jop.ascopubs.org/content/early/2016/06/02/JOP.2015.010504.full?version=meter+at+0&module=meter-Links&pgtype=article&contentId=&mediaId=&referrer=&priority=true&action=click&contentCollection=meter-links-click\" target=\"_blank\">published a study\u003c/a> showing that Web search queries (on Microsoft's Bing search engine) may hold clues to a future diagnosis of pancreatic cancer, one of the fastest and most fatal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In essence what Microsoft researchers did was this: They studied millions of anonymized searches on Microsoft's Bing to find queries suggestive of a user's recent diagnosis, such as \"Why did I get cancer in pancreas\" or \"Just diagnosed with pancreatic cancer.\" They then backtracked the digital footprints left by the same computer to locate searches for earlier symptoms of the disease, and to create a statistical model that they say could predict 5 percent to 15 percent of the ultimate diagnoses based on earlier search activity, with \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/08/technology/online-searches-can-identify-cancer-victims-study-finds.html\" target=\"_blank\">pretty low false positives\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"My take is that it's exciting but preliminary,\" says Mooney, who \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4385465/\" target=\"_blank\">has studied\u003c/a> the use of big data in public health. \"The potential benefit is huge,\" he says, but \"it would be easy to naively assume we know more about this than we do.\" It's one thing to detect early digital clues to a diagnosis, but another to actually prevent or delay a death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Microsoft scientists themselves acknowledge this in the study. \"Clinical trials are necessary to understand whether our learned model has practical utility, including in combination with other screening methods,\" they write.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Therein lies the crux of this big data future: It's a logical progression for the modern hyper-connected world, but one that will continue to require the solid grounding of a traditional health professional, to steer data toward usefulness, to avoid unwarranted anxiety or even unnecessary testing, and to zero in on actual causes, not just correlations within particular health trends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That's why I think, if you talk to a lot of epidemiologists, they may be suspicious of some of these big data-type approaches,\" says Mooney, \"because they'd be concerned that there's a loss of attention to causation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most high-profile lesson in failed causation was \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2009/05/google_flu_trends.html\" target=\"_blank\">Google Flu Trends\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2008, Google researchers decided to measure flu activity, in real time, based on users' Web searches. It was a headline-grabbing project and worked well — for a while. Academic researchers who later did a postmortem on the project, David Lazer and Ryan Kennedy, \u003ca href=\"http://www.wired.com/2015/10/can-learn-epic-failure-google-flu-trends/\" target=\"_blank\">wrote in\u003c/a> \u003cem>Wired\u003c/em> magazine:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"GFT failed — and failed spectacularly — missing at the peak of the 2013 flu season by 140 percent. ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"While Google's efforts in projecting the flu were well meaning, they were remarkably opaque in terms of method and data — making it dangerous to rely on Google Flu Trends for any decision-making.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"For example, Google's algorithm was quite vulnerable to overfitting to seasonal terms unrelated to the flu, like 'high school basketball.' ... There were bound to be searches that were strongly correlated by pure chance, and these terms were unlikely to be driven by actual flu cases or predictive of future trends.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The project's failure, however, does not negate the promise of big data in health. Beyond analyses of large-scale trends, capturing passively created data on people's sentiments, mental ups and downs, things you may not ever think to bring up with your physician can be \"very powerful,\" Brownstein says. (Of course, with proper privacy and security protections in mind.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's not data that can be used in a sil, it's one gear in the system,\" he says, \"so it's not like this holy grail. It's just data that can be used, that can be harnessed, in conjunction with other types of information strains.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To Mooney, Google Flu Trends was a case of a \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/alltechconsidered/2014/09/09/347135536/the-apple-watch-is-here-and-another-tech-hype-cycle-commences\" target=\"_blank\">hype cycle\u003c/a>, \"this concept that technologies get overhyped and then are disappointing, but sometime after the disappointment, can often return to a sort of plateau of usefulness.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in that is a lesson on big data in health: It deserves both enthusiasm and caution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Ideally, I'd like people to embrace both of them,\" says Mooney, \"to recognize that it's exciting and concerning at the same time. Because the world is messy and it's possible to be exciting and concerning at the same time.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Can+Web+Search+Predict+Cancer%3F+Promise+And+Worry+Of+Big+Data+And+Health&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/181211/microsoft-says-searches-predicted-pancreatic-cancer","authors":["byline_futureofyou_181211"],"categories":["futureofyou_1"],"tags":["futureofyou_29","futureofyou_80"],"featImg":"futureofyou_181212","label":"futureofyou"},"futureofyou_170415":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_170415","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"170415","score":null,"sort":[1464200288000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"watch-live-stanford-big-data-in-biomedicine-conference","title":"Watch Live: Stanford Big Data in Biomedicine Conference Focuses on Precision Health","publishDate":1464200288,"format":"aside","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"futureofyou"},"content":"\u003cp>Stanford Medicine is holding its fourth Big Data in Biomedicine Conference today and Thursday. From the website: \"Now in its fourth year, the event provides a forum for experts to discuss ways to use large-scale data analysis and technology to improve human health. This year’s event will include a focus on Stanford Medicine’s work in precision health\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's the \u003ca href=\"http://scopeblog.stanford.edu/2016/05/25/stanfords-big-data-in-biomedicine-conference-begins-today/\" target=\"_blank\">schedule of speakers\u003c/a>. Dr. Robert Califf, head of the FDA, will speak at 4:15 p.m. today. Tomorrow's schedule includes a panel discussion on digital health and technology featuring a partner with Google Ventures, among others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Click on the photo and scroll down to watch live.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://bigdata.stanford.edu/\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-170418\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/05/Screen-shot-2016-05-25-at-11.06.17-AM.png\" alt=\"Screen shot 2016-05-25 at 11.06.17 AM\" width=\"780\" height=\"574\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/05/Screen-shot-2016-05-25-at-11.06.17-AM.png 780w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/05/Screen-shot-2016-05-25-at-11.06.17-AM-400x294.png 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/05/Screen-shot-2016-05-25-at-11.06.17-AM-768x565.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 780px) 100vw, 780px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can also follow on Twitter:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[twitter-timeline id=735537076590936064 username=jbrooksfoy]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[twitter-timeline id=735537076590936064 username=jbrooksfoy]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n[twitter-timeline id=735537076590936064]\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Forum for experts to discuss ways to use large-scale data analysis and technology to improve human health. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1471382429,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":11,"wordCount":137},"headData":{"title":"Watch Live: Stanford Big Data in Biomedicine Conference Focuses on Precision Health | KQED","description":"Forum for experts to discuss ways to use large-scale data analysis and technology to improve human health. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Watch Live: Stanford Big Data in Biomedicine Conference Focuses on Precision Health","datePublished":"2016-05-25T18:18:08.000Z","dateModified":"2016-08-16T21:20:29.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"170415 http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=170415","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/05/25/watch-live-stanford-big-data-in-biomedicine-conference/","disqusTitle":"Watch Live: Stanford Big Data in Biomedicine Conference Focuses on Precision Health","path":"/futureofyou/170415/watch-live-stanford-big-data-in-biomedicine-conference","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Stanford Medicine is holding its fourth Big Data in Biomedicine Conference today and Thursday. From the website: \"Now in its fourth year, the event provides a forum for experts to discuss ways to use large-scale data analysis and technology to improve human health. This year’s event will include a focus on Stanford Medicine’s work in precision health\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's the \u003ca href=\"http://scopeblog.stanford.edu/2016/05/25/stanfords-big-data-in-biomedicine-conference-begins-today/\" target=\"_blank\">schedule of speakers\u003c/a>. Dr. Robert Califf, head of the FDA, will speak at 4:15 p.m. today. Tomorrow's schedule includes a panel discussion on digital health and technology featuring a partner with Google Ventures, among others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Click on the photo and scroll down to watch live.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://bigdata.stanford.edu/\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-170418\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/05/Screen-shot-2016-05-25-at-11.06.17-AM.png\" alt=\"Screen shot 2016-05-25 at 11.06.17 AM\" width=\"780\" height=\"574\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/05/Screen-shot-2016-05-25-at-11.06.17-AM.png 780w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/05/Screen-shot-2016-05-25-at-11.06.17-AM-400x294.png 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/05/Screen-shot-2016-05-25-at-11.06.17-AM-768x565.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 780px) 100vw, 780px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can also follow on Twitter:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"twitter-timeline","attributes":{"named":{"id":"735537076590936064","username":"jbrooksfoy","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"twitter-timeline","attributes":{"named":{"id":"735537076590936064","username":"jbrooksfoy","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"twitter-timeline","attributes":{"named":{"id":"735537076590936064","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/170415/watch-live-stanford-big-data-in-biomedicine-conference","authors":["80"],"categories":["futureofyou_452","futureofyou_1","futureofyou_73"],"tags":["futureofyou_29","futureofyou_80","futureofyou_934"],"featImg":"futureofyou_170417","label":"futureofyou"},"futureofyou_116290":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_116290","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"116290","score":null,"sort":[1456322421000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"watch-four-public-health-advances-fueled-by-big-data","title":"Watch All the Health Segments From 'The Human Face of Big Data'","publishDate":1456322421,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Future of You | KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"term":54,"site":"futureofyou"},"content":"\u003cp>One in four babies has \u003ca href=\"http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20101006006722/en/Digital-Birth-Online-World\" target=\"_blank\">a digital footprint\u003c/a> before it's even born, which isn't surprising if you've ever seen a sonogram photo on Facebook.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trend continues as we grow up. A host of activities—from buying groceries with a credit card to texting friends—leaves a trace in cyberspace.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">Watch the health segments below\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>This information can be helpful, as when \u003ca href=\"http://www.medicaldaily.com/reddit-user-fitbit-data-pregnancy-symptoms-372880\">Fitbit data revealed \u003c/a>a couple was expecting, or not so much, as when a 23andMe test \u003ca href=\"http://www.vox.com/2014/9/9/5975653/with-genetic-testing-i-gave-my-parents-the-gift-of-divorce-23andme\" target=\"_blank\">led to a couple's divorce\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The increasing power of all this information is the subject of PBS' hour-long special: \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/show/human-face-big-data/\">The Human Face of Big Data\u003c/a>,\" which airs Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Featuring more than 30 leading voices and pioneers in the fields of data science, artificial intelligence, technology and digital medicine, \"The Human Face of Big Data\" is a galvanizing yet cautionary tale. Several experts predict a world where privacy ceases to exist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">What I’m really worried about is the cost to democracy; today it’s nearly impossible to be truly anonymous,\" \u003ca href=\"http://www.media.mit.edu/\" target=\"_blank\">MIT Media Lab\u003c/a> Director Joi Ito says in the film.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perhaps most striking in the documentary: how big data is rapidly being applied to health care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\"We talk a lot in the movie about medicine,\" says director and producer Sandy Smolan. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\"Now that the cost of getting your DNA sequenced has dropped so low, it’s only a matter of years before hospitals compile medicine for you.\" \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Smolan says precision will make today's health care system seem woefully antiquated.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\"We’ll look back at this period and say, 'How barbaric, we just prescribed medicine and hope it worked.'\"\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca name=\"clips\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The film explores four public health advances fueled by big data:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Google Flu Trends. \u003c/strong>The search engine used real time search results to \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Flu_Trends\" target=\"_blank\">predict infectious outbreaks\u003c/a>, such as the flu, which previously took several weeks for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to track.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lEDt89eQ64o&ab_channel=PBS\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Monitoring health. \u003c/strong>If millions of people tracked their health continuously, producing huge amount of physiological information, what would that enable? \"There's a company right now in Boston that can actually predict you're going to get depressed, two days before you get depressed,\" says journalist Rick Smolan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-ZKsqr2RUjw&ab_channel=PBS\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Heartbeat data saves infants.\u003c/strong> Data scientist Carolyn McGregor aggregated data from medical equipment to predict the onset of life-threatening infections in premature babies before physical symptoms appeared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WNccLBzR_I4&ab_channel=UOIT\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Whole genome sequencing and personalized medicine\u003c/strong>. Digitizing our genome could revolutionize personal health care. In the film, a daughter tests for mutations in the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/genetics/brca-fact-sheet#q1\" target=\"_blank\">BRCA2 gene\u003c/a>, to see if she inherited the mutation from her mom, which would lead to an increased risk for breast cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V6FMIbgCtys\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mapping the spread of malaria.\u003c/strong> The organization Ushahidi worked with a communications network to map malaria hotspots in Kenya. Since 2000, Malaria infections are down 25 percent worldwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zHCnLkTHSAk]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, \u003ca href=\"http://hereandnow.wbur.org/\">Here & Now\u003c/a>’s Jeremy Hobson spoke with executive producer Rick Smolan and Shwetak Patel, a computer science and engineering professor at the University of Washington, who appears in the film. Listen below:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"100%\" height=\"124\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"no\" src=\"//embed.wbur.org/player/hereandnow/2016/02/24/human-face-of-big-data-pbs\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The PBS documentary explores the growing big data revolution, which many experts believe will have 1,000 times greater impact on our lives than the Internet.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1476935799,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":23,"wordCount":582},"headData":{"title":"Watch All the Health Segments From 'The Human Face of Big Data' | KQED","description":"The PBS documentary explores the growing big data revolution, which many experts believe will have 1,000 times greater impact on our lives than the Internet.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Watch All the Health Segments From 'The Human Face of Big Data'","datePublished":"2016-02-24T14:00:21.000Z","dateModified":"2016-10-20T03:56:39.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"116290 http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=116290","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/02/24/watch-four-public-health-advances-fueled-by-big-data/","disqusTitle":"Watch All the Health Segments From 'The Human Face of Big Data'","path":"/futureofyou/116290/watch-four-public-health-advances-fueled-by-big-data","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>One in four babies has \u003ca href=\"http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20101006006722/en/Digital-Birth-Online-World\" target=\"_blank\">a digital footprint\u003c/a> before it's even born, which isn't surprising if you've ever seen a sonogram photo on Facebook.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trend continues as we grow up. A host of activities—from buying groceries with a credit card to texting friends—leaves a trace in cyberspace.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">Watch the health segments below\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>This information can be helpful, as when \u003ca href=\"http://www.medicaldaily.com/reddit-user-fitbit-data-pregnancy-symptoms-372880\">Fitbit data revealed \u003c/a>a couple was expecting, or not so much, as when a 23andMe test \u003ca href=\"http://www.vox.com/2014/9/9/5975653/with-genetic-testing-i-gave-my-parents-the-gift-of-divorce-23andme\" target=\"_blank\">led to a couple's divorce\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The increasing power of all this information is the subject of PBS' hour-long special: \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/show/human-face-big-data/\">The Human Face of Big Data\u003c/a>,\" which airs Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Featuring more than 30 leading voices and pioneers in the fields of data science, artificial intelligence, technology and digital medicine, \"The Human Face of Big Data\" is a galvanizing yet cautionary tale. Several experts predict a world where privacy ceases to exist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">What I’m really worried about is the cost to democracy; today it’s nearly impossible to be truly anonymous,\" \u003ca href=\"http://www.media.mit.edu/\" target=\"_blank\">MIT Media Lab\u003c/a> Director Joi Ito says in the film.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perhaps most striking in the documentary: how big data is rapidly being applied to health care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\"We talk a lot in the movie about medicine,\" says director and producer Sandy Smolan. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\"Now that the cost of getting your DNA sequenced has dropped so low, it’s only a matter of years before hospitals compile medicine for you.\" \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Smolan says precision will make today's health care system seem woefully antiquated.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\"We’ll look back at this period and say, 'How barbaric, we just prescribed medicine and hope it worked.'\"\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca name=\"clips\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The film explores four public health advances fueled by big data:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Google Flu Trends. \u003c/strong>The search engine used real time search results to \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Flu_Trends\" target=\"_blank\">predict infectious outbreaks\u003c/a>, such as the flu, which previously took several weeks for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to track.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/lEDt89eQ64o'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/lEDt89eQ64o'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Monitoring health. \u003c/strong>If millions of people tracked their health continuously, producing huge amount of physiological information, what would that enable? \"There's a company right now in Boston that can actually predict you're going to get depressed, two days before you get depressed,\" says journalist Rick Smolan.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/-ZKsqr2RUjw'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/-ZKsqr2RUjw'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Heartbeat data saves infants.\u003c/strong> Data scientist Carolyn McGregor aggregated data from medical equipment to predict the onset of life-threatening infections in premature babies before physical symptoms appeared.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/WNccLBzR_I4'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/WNccLBzR_I4'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Whole genome sequencing and personalized medicine\u003c/strong>. Digitizing our genome could revolutionize personal health care. In the film, a daughter tests for mutations in the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/genetics/brca-fact-sheet#q1\" target=\"_blank\">BRCA2 gene\u003c/a>, to see if she inherited the mutation from her mom, which would lead to an increased risk for breast cancer.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/V6FMIbgCtys'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/V6FMIbgCtys'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mapping the spread of malaria.\u003c/strong> The organization Ushahidi worked with a communications network to map malaria hotspots in Kenya. Since 2000, Malaria infections are down 25 percent worldwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/zHCnLkTHSAk'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/zHCnLkTHSAk'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, \u003ca href=\"http://hereandnow.wbur.org/\">Here & Now\u003c/a>’s Jeremy Hobson spoke with executive producer Rick Smolan and Shwetak Patel, a computer science and engineering professor at the University of Washington, who appears in the film. Listen below:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"100%\" height=\"124\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"no\" src=\"//embed.wbur.org/player/hereandnow/2016/02/24/human-face-of-big-data-pbs\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/116290/watch-four-public-health-advances-fueled-by-big-data","authors":["5432"],"programs":["futureofyou_54"],"categories":["futureofyou_1060","futureofyou_1064"],"tags":["futureofyou_29","futureofyou_80","futureofyou_773","futureofyou_84","futureofyou_774"],"featImg":"futureofyou_116317","label":"futureofyou_54"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. 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You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. 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You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn","officialWebsiteLink":"/mindshift/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"2"},"link":"/podcasts/mindshift","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"}},"morning-edition":{"id":"morning-edition","title":"Morning Edition","info":"\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. 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On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. 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