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FM","link":"/"}},"bayareabites_135987":{"type":"posts","id":"bayareabites_135987","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"bayareabites","id":"135987","score":null,"sort":[1576692007000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"does-a-loophole-in-organic-standards-encourage-deforestation","title":"Does a Loophole in Organic Standards Encourage Deforestation?","publishDate":1576692007,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Bay Area Bites | KQED Food","labelTerm":{"site":"bayareabites"},"content":"\u003cp>Many shoppers have heard about the high environmental costs of palm oil. Take, for example, the fact that much of Indonesia’s lush rainforests have been cleared to plant palm fruit trees, causing a steep \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/20/magazine/palm-oil-borneo-climate-catastrophe.html\">spike in carbon emissions\u003c/a> and destroying habitats that were home to endangered species such as \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/may/10/palm-oil-orangutans-multinationals-promises-deforestation\">the orangutan\u003c/a>. But many consumers also likely assume that buying products made with organic palm oil eliminates those costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And yet, the U. S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Organic seal doesn’t guarantee that rainforests were not destroyed in order to produce palm oil—or any other raw ingredient. That’s because of a loophole in the USDA organic standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID='bayareabites_134729']“You can look on a lot of organic [food] packaging and see that palm oil is used, and we as consumers have no idea [whether its production involved deforestation],” said Jo Ann Baumgartner, executive director of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.wildfarmalliance.org/\">Wild Farm Alliance\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The same conundrum applies to the recent Amazon fires, she adds. Farmers who want to grow organic crops “could burn down the forest and get certification the next day.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether in Indonesia, the Amazon, or here in the U.S., USDA organic regulations mandate that farmers must “maintain or improve the natural resources” on their farms, but there is no written requirement that addresses the natural resources that existed \u003cem>before\u003c/em> the farm was established.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, the standards do require that conventional farmland cannot be certified until it has been farmed without synthetic pesticides or fertilizers for three years. In some places, that three-year transition—in which the farm often has greater costs and sees a drop in yields—has essentially created an unwritten economic incentive to clear untouched ecosystems. In other words, if land that has never been farmed can be certified right away, it’s more profitable to farm that to wait three years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many farmers choose to grow food organically because they believe in the environmental and health benefits and consider the destruction of vulnerable ecosystems anathema to the label’s promise. But as organic has become big business, companies that are in it for the higher profits have often pounced on shortcuts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Right now, we basically encourage [ecosystem destruction in the name of organic],” said Harriet Behar, an organic farmer, educator, and current member of the National Organic Standards Board (NOSB). “It’s incredibly important that we protect… the last of these pristine and incredibly diverse and important ecosystems.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the past few years, the NOSB, which advises the USDA’s National Organic Program (NOP) on changes to the regulations, has been working to fix that loophole. In 2018, it \u003ca href=\"https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/CACSNativeEcosystems.pdf\">passed a formal recommendation\u003c/a> on “Eliminating the Incentive to Convert Native Ecosystems to Organic Production,” but NOP has not moved forward on taking it through the rulemaking process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under President Trump’s administration, there has been considerable friction between the organic industry and the NOP, which has been moving very few NOSB recommendations forward and has reversed course on some issues. It \u003ca href=\"https://civileats.com/2017/12/18/years-in-the-making-trumps-usda-kills-organic-animal-welfare-rules/\">reversed a widely supported update\u003c/a> to animal welfare rules for organic meat production, for example, and slowed down an update to \u003ca href=\"https://civileats.com/2019/08/13/small-organic-dairy-farmers-say-the-rules-are-stacked-against-them-one-rule-in-particular/\">a rule affecting small dairy farmers\u003c/a> by reopening it for comment rather than finalizing it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While it’s not clear when or if the ecosystem loophole will get addressed, advocacy and industry organizations are working in the meantime on projects to help organic farmers maintain natural ecosystems and increase biodiversity on the land they’re already farming.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Grappling with Unintended Consequences\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>According to Baumgartner, NOSB members brought up the issue of ecosystem destruction for organic production as early as 2009. However, the Wild Farm Alliance began leading the charge to address the issue within the last few years, and it was on the NOSB agenda for three meetings in 2017 and 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In \u003ca href=\"https://d3n8a8pro7vhmx.cloudfront.net/wildfarmalliance/pages/286/attachments/original/1501526136/WFA___Partner_NOSB_Comments_3.30.17_%282%29.pdf?1501526136\">comments\u003c/a> provided to the NOSB, Wild Farm Alliance provided examples of situations that demonstrated the need to close the loophole, referencing reports and anonymous comments from individuals in its network.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID='bayareabites_121110']“This summer I witnessed the tilling of native short grass prairie in the western Colorado Plains…to grow corn, milo, and wheat,” one organic inspector said. “In most cases the farmers are conventional farmers who are trying their hand at organic agriculture since they don’t have a conversion period.” Another comment described wetlands being drained and converted to organic vegetable production in New Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fix that NOSB ultimately proposed was that if land that included native ecosystems was cleared for farming, it would not be eligible for organic certification for 10 years, a waiting period the board hoped would disincentivize the practice since it was much longer than the three-year period for converting conventional farmland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While many issues invoke intense disagreement within the organic industry, the vast majority of individuals who submitted written comments and spoke at meetings supported the proposal. The diverse group of organizations included Consumers Union, the National Wildlife Federation, and the \u003ca href=\"https://ota.com/\">Organic Trade Association (OTA)\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There was support for this recommendation on the principle that organic farming should not result in destruction of native ecosystems. That’s the baseline, agreeable position,” said OTA farm policy director Johanna Mirenda. But OTA was one of many groups that had concerns related to the potential economic impact on small organic farms, particularly small dairies in the Northeastern U.S. that border forested areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These farmers are not choosing to log land because the conversion period is faster… it’s the only land that is available for them to expand onto,” said Britt Lundgren, the director of organic and sustainable agriculture at Stonyfield, at the Spring 2018 NOSB meeting. “The primary threat to the health of native ecosystems in the northeast is not agriculture. It’s development.” And if a farmer can’t develop the land themselves, they may sell to a developer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If organic agriculture is going to remain a viable business in the Northeast in the face of immense development pressure, organic farms need to be able to expand in the most efficient way,” Lundgren added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maine organic farmer Jim Gerritsen also testified at the spring 2018 meeting, and his main concern was whether the rule change would allow the USDA to prevent farms like his from clearing forested land on their properties that had been farmed before but had grown back in recent decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID='bayareabites_126036']On his 56-acre farm, Gerritsen cleared 37 acres of trees off of land that had been farmed in the 1960s. “We simply want to take the trees off of it and farm it. I know there are other farms in Maine in that situation, and they don’t have enough farmland to be viable,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Gerritson calls the idea of preventing native ecosystems from destruction “a laudable concept,” he adds, “sometimes when you come up with a policy on a macro level, it works against the reality of the farm.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since most of the land owned by these farmers in the Northeast had been previously farmed, NOSB devised with a compromise: It updated the language in the new rule to define “native ecosystems” in a more specific way that they say will mean the 10-year waiting period would not apply to farmers like Gerritson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while other organic programs around the world have passed outright bans on converting native ecosystems, NOSB saw the 10-year waiting period as a way to make sure the rule did not discourage transitioning to organic more generally, especially since vulnerable ecosystems are routinely cleared to be farmed conventionally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, a farmer could buy land that had been previously cleared of a native ecosystem and was then farmed using chemical fertilizers and pesticides. If that farmer wanted to switch to organic and gain certification, an outright ban on that land ever being certified organic would prevent that. A 10-year waiting period would not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There needed to be a strong disincentive, but not so far that it could deter organic production altogether,” said the OTA’s Mirenda. “The ultimate goal is to have more organic production.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After updates to the language were made, the NOSB voted nearly unanimously in May 2018 to pass the Eliminating the Incentive to Convert Native Ecosystems to Organic Production recommendation. After a recommendation is made, it is NOP’s job to put it on the rulemaking agenda, develop a proposed rule, open it up for public comment, and then develop a final rule that incorporates those comments.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Fostering On-Farm Ecosystems\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>When asked about the recommendation, a USDA spokesperson told Civil Eats that the issue of native ecosystems isn’t currently on the rulemaking agenda and that the agency is primarily focused on the Strengthening Organic Enforcement and the \u003ca href=\"https://civileats.com/2019/08/13/small-organic-dairy-farmers-say-the-rules-are-stacked-against-them-one-rule-in-particular/\">Origin of Livestock\u003c/a> proposed rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some advocates, meanwhile, are working to strengthen the organic standard’s provisions on on-farm ecosystem preservation and natural resource stewardship in other ways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, Wild Farm Alliance, located in Watsonville, California, near a number of large organic produce growers, worked on writing guidance that would help certifiers better evaluate whether organic farms are meeting the requirement to “maintain or improve the natural resources of the operation, including soil and water quality,” and the NOP \u003ca href=\"https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/NOP%205020%20Biodiversity%20Guidance%20Rev01%20%28Final%29.pdf\">published that guidance\u003c/a> in 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In collaboration with the Organic Center, it also recently \u003ca href=\"https://www.organic-center.org/biodiversitytool/\">created a tool\u003c/a> that farmers and certifiers can use to track and improve biodiversity on farms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID='bayareabites_51586']“There are all kinds of studies showing that having more natural habitat in the agricultural landscape will increase beneficial biodiversity,” said Amber Sciligo, the manager of science programs at \u003ca href=\"https://www.organic-center.org/\">The Organic Center\u003c/a>, a non-profit organic research organization. And, she adds, more biodiversity on or beside the farm is known to be beneficial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For instance, one recent \u003ca href=\"https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/5/10/eaax0121\">study\u003c/a> found that more abundance and diversity of insects was associated with increased crop yields. Another \u003ca href=\"https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1365-2664.13422\">study\u003c/a> found that increased biodiversity leads to larger bird populations on farms, and that while some birds can act as pests, they can also control other, smaller pests. Balancing the needs of different species—including some that may not benefit the farm in a simple or obvious way—is part of organic’s promise. And yet when it’s taken seriously, it pays off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Overall what we’re seeing at a regional level is that in most situations, the gains [of biodiversity]outweigh the costs,” said Sciligo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of the farmers who truly believe in and implement organic production methods live that reality day after day, Baumgartner said, which is one reason to ensure that the higher price point doesn’t inadvertently incentivize environmental destruction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are many farms that have native ecosystems on their property that they’ve never destroyed,” she added. “We were hearing farmers say, ‘It isn’t fair that somebody else can cut down a native ecosystem. We’ve been conserving ours.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article was originally published on \u003ca href=\"https://civileats.com/2019/12/16/does-a-loophole-in-organic-standards-encourage-deforestation/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Civil Eats\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Some advocates are working to close a loophole that they say has created unintended consequences, including destruction of vulnerable ecosystems anathema to the label’s promise.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1576692007,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":39,"wordCount":1926},"headData":{"title":"Does a Loophole in Organic Standards Encourage Deforestation? | KQED","description":"Some advocates are working to close a loophole that they say has created unintended consequences, including destruction of vulnerable ecosystems anathema to the label’s promise.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"135987 https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=135987","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2019/12/18/does-a-loophole-in-organic-standards-encourage-deforestation/","disqusTitle":"Does a Loophole in Organic Standards Encourage Deforestation?","nprByline":"Lisa Held, \u003ca href=\"https://civileats.com/2019/12/16/does-a-loophole-in-organic-standards-encourage-deforestation/\">Civil Eats\u003c/a>","path":"/bayareabites/135987/does-a-loophole-in-organic-standards-encourage-deforestation","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Many shoppers have heard about the high environmental costs of palm oil. Take, for example, the fact that much of Indonesia’s lush rainforests have been cleared to plant palm fruit trees, causing a steep \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/20/magazine/palm-oil-borneo-climate-catastrophe.html\">spike in carbon emissions\u003c/a> and destroying habitats that were home to endangered species such as \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/may/10/palm-oil-orangutans-multinationals-promises-deforestation\">the orangutan\u003c/a>. But many consumers also likely assume that buying products made with organic palm oil eliminates those costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And yet, the U. S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Organic seal doesn’t guarantee that rainforests were not destroyed in order to produce palm oil—or any other raw ingredient. That’s because of a loophole in the USDA organic standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"bayareabites_134729","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“You can look on a lot of organic [food] packaging and see that palm oil is used, and we as consumers have no idea [whether its production involved deforestation],” said Jo Ann Baumgartner, executive director of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.wildfarmalliance.org/\">Wild Farm Alliance\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The same conundrum applies to the recent Amazon fires, she adds. Farmers who want to grow organic crops “could burn down the forest and get certification the next day.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether in Indonesia, the Amazon, or here in the U.S., USDA organic regulations mandate that farmers must “maintain or improve the natural resources” on their farms, but there is no written requirement that addresses the natural resources that existed \u003cem>before\u003c/em> the farm was established.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, the standards do require that conventional farmland cannot be certified until it has been farmed without synthetic pesticides or fertilizers for three years. In some places, that three-year transition—in which the farm often has greater costs and sees a drop in yields—has essentially created an unwritten economic incentive to clear untouched ecosystems. In other words, if land that has never been farmed can be certified right away, it’s more profitable to farm that to wait three years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many farmers choose to grow food organically because they believe in the environmental and health benefits and consider the destruction of vulnerable ecosystems anathema to the label’s promise. But as organic has become big business, companies that are in it for the higher profits have often pounced on shortcuts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Right now, we basically encourage [ecosystem destruction in the name of organic],” said Harriet Behar, an organic farmer, educator, and current member of the National Organic Standards Board (NOSB). “It’s incredibly important that we protect… the last of these pristine and incredibly diverse and important ecosystems.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the past few years, the NOSB, which advises the USDA’s National Organic Program (NOP) on changes to the regulations, has been working to fix that loophole. In 2018, it \u003ca href=\"https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/CACSNativeEcosystems.pdf\">passed a formal recommendation\u003c/a> on “Eliminating the Incentive to Convert Native Ecosystems to Organic Production,” but NOP has not moved forward on taking it through the rulemaking process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under President Trump’s administration, there has been considerable friction between the organic industry and the NOP, which has been moving very few NOSB recommendations forward and has reversed course on some issues. It \u003ca href=\"https://civileats.com/2017/12/18/years-in-the-making-trumps-usda-kills-organic-animal-welfare-rules/\">reversed a widely supported update\u003c/a> to animal welfare rules for organic meat production, for example, and slowed down an update to \u003ca href=\"https://civileats.com/2019/08/13/small-organic-dairy-farmers-say-the-rules-are-stacked-against-them-one-rule-in-particular/\">a rule affecting small dairy farmers\u003c/a> by reopening it for comment rather than finalizing it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While it’s not clear when or if the ecosystem loophole will get addressed, advocacy and industry organizations are working in the meantime on projects to help organic farmers maintain natural ecosystems and increase biodiversity on the land they’re already farming.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Grappling with Unintended Consequences\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>According to Baumgartner, NOSB members brought up the issue of ecosystem destruction for organic production as early as 2009. However, the Wild Farm Alliance began leading the charge to address the issue within the last few years, and it was on the NOSB agenda for three meetings in 2017 and 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In \u003ca href=\"https://d3n8a8pro7vhmx.cloudfront.net/wildfarmalliance/pages/286/attachments/original/1501526136/WFA___Partner_NOSB_Comments_3.30.17_%282%29.pdf?1501526136\">comments\u003c/a> provided to the NOSB, Wild Farm Alliance provided examples of situations that demonstrated the need to close the loophole, referencing reports and anonymous comments from individuals in its network.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"bayareabites_121110","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“This summer I witnessed the tilling of native short grass prairie in the western Colorado Plains…to grow corn, milo, and wheat,” one organic inspector said. “In most cases the farmers are conventional farmers who are trying their hand at organic agriculture since they don’t have a conversion period.” Another comment described wetlands being drained and converted to organic vegetable production in New Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fix that NOSB ultimately proposed was that if land that included native ecosystems was cleared for farming, it would not be eligible for organic certification for 10 years, a waiting period the board hoped would disincentivize the practice since it was much longer than the three-year period for converting conventional farmland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While many issues invoke intense disagreement within the organic industry, the vast majority of individuals who submitted written comments and spoke at meetings supported the proposal. The diverse group of organizations included Consumers Union, the National Wildlife Federation, and the \u003ca href=\"https://ota.com/\">Organic Trade Association (OTA)\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There was support for this recommendation on the principle that organic farming should not result in destruction of native ecosystems. That’s the baseline, agreeable position,” said OTA farm policy director Johanna Mirenda. But OTA was one of many groups that had concerns related to the potential economic impact on small organic farms, particularly small dairies in the Northeastern U.S. that border forested areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These farmers are not choosing to log land because the conversion period is faster… it’s the only land that is available for them to expand onto,” said Britt Lundgren, the director of organic and sustainable agriculture at Stonyfield, at the Spring 2018 NOSB meeting. “The primary threat to the health of native ecosystems in the northeast is not agriculture. It’s development.” And if a farmer can’t develop the land themselves, they may sell to a developer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If organic agriculture is going to remain a viable business in the Northeast in the face of immense development pressure, organic farms need to be able to expand in the most efficient way,” Lundgren added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maine organic farmer Jim Gerritsen also testified at the spring 2018 meeting, and his main concern was whether the rule change would allow the USDA to prevent farms like his from clearing forested land on their properties that had been farmed before but had grown back in recent decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"bayareabites_126036","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>On his 56-acre farm, Gerritsen cleared 37 acres of trees off of land that had been farmed in the 1960s. “We simply want to take the trees off of it and farm it. I know there are other farms in Maine in that situation, and they don’t have enough farmland to be viable,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Gerritson calls the idea of preventing native ecosystems from destruction “a laudable concept,” he adds, “sometimes when you come up with a policy on a macro level, it works against the reality of the farm.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since most of the land owned by these farmers in the Northeast had been previously farmed, NOSB devised with a compromise: It updated the language in the new rule to define “native ecosystems” in a more specific way that they say will mean the 10-year waiting period would not apply to farmers like Gerritson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while other organic programs around the world have passed outright bans on converting native ecosystems, NOSB saw the 10-year waiting period as a way to make sure the rule did not discourage transitioning to organic more generally, especially since vulnerable ecosystems are routinely cleared to be farmed conventionally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, a farmer could buy land that had been previously cleared of a native ecosystem and was then farmed using chemical fertilizers and pesticides. If that farmer wanted to switch to organic and gain certification, an outright ban on that land ever being certified organic would prevent that. A 10-year waiting period would not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There needed to be a strong disincentive, but not so far that it could deter organic production altogether,” said the OTA’s Mirenda. “The ultimate goal is to have more organic production.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After updates to the language were made, the NOSB voted nearly unanimously in May 2018 to pass the Eliminating the Incentive to Convert Native Ecosystems to Organic Production recommendation. After a recommendation is made, it is NOP’s job to put it on the rulemaking agenda, develop a proposed rule, open it up for public comment, and then develop a final rule that incorporates those comments.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Fostering On-Farm Ecosystems\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>When asked about the recommendation, a USDA spokesperson told Civil Eats that the issue of native ecosystems isn’t currently on the rulemaking agenda and that the agency is primarily focused on the Strengthening Organic Enforcement and the \u003ca href=\"https://civileats.com/2019/08/13/small-organic-dairy-farmers-say-the-rules-are-stacked-against-them-one-rule-in-particular/\">Origin of Livestock\u003c/a> proposed rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some advocates, meanwhile, are working to strengthen the organic standard’s provisions on on-farm ecosystem preservation and natural resource stewardship in other ways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, Wild Farm Alliance, located in Watsonville, California, near a number of large organic produce growers, worked on writing guidance that would help certifiers better evaluate whether organic farms are meeting the requirement to “maintain or improve the natural resources of the operation, including soil and water quality,” and the NOP \u003ca href=\"https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/NOP%205020%20Biodiversity%20Guidance%20Rev01%20%28Final%29.pdf\">published that guidance\u003c/a> in 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In collaboration with the Organic Center, it also recently \u003ca href=\"https://www.organic-center.org/biodiversitytool/\">created a tool\u003c/a> that farmers and certifiers can use to track and improve biodiversity on farms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"bayareabites_51586","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“There are all kinds of studies showing that having more natural habitat in the agricultural landscape will increase beneficial biodiversity,” said Amber Sciligo, the manager of science programs at \u003ca href=\"https://www.organic-center.org/\">The Organic Center\u003c/a>, a non-profit organic research organization. And, she adds, more biodiversity on or beside the farm is known to be beneficial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For instance, one recent \u003ca href=\"https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/5/10/eaax0121\">study\u003c/a> found that more abundance and diversity of insects was associated with increased crop yields. Another \u003ca href=\"https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1365-2664.13422\">study\u003c/a> found that increased biodiversity leads to larger bird populations on farms, and that while some birds can act as pests, they can also control other, smaller pests. Balancing the needs of different species—including some that may not benefit the farm in a simple or obvious way—is part of organic’s promise. And yet when it’s taken seriously, it pays off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Overall what we’re seeing at a regional level is that in most situations, the gains [of biodiversity]outweigh the costs,” said Sciligo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of the farmers who truly believe in and implement organic production methods live that reality day after day, Baumgartner said, which is one reason to ensure that the higher price point doesn’t inadvertently incentivize environmental destruction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are many farms that have native ecosystems on their property that they’ve never destroyed,” she added. “We were hearing farmers say, ‘It isn’t fair that somebody else can cut down a native ecosystem. We’ve been conserving ours.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article was originally published on \u003ca href=\"https://civileats.com/2019/12/16/does-a-loophole-in-organic-standards-encourage-deforestation/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Civil Eats\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/135987/does-a-loophole-in-organic-standards-encourage-deforestation","authors":["byline_bayareabites_135987"],"categories":["bayareabites_13718","bayareabites_1962","bayareabites_10028","bayareabites_2035","bayareabites_60"],"tags":["bayareabites_13098","bayareabites_65","bayareabites_8913"],"featImg":"bayareabites_135989","label":"bayareabites"},"bayareabites_124787":{"type":"posts","id":"bayareabites_124787","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"bayareabites","id":"124787","score":null,"sort":[1517436331000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"usda-denies-poultry-industrys-request-to-speed-up-the-slaughter-line","title":"USDA Denies Poultry Industry's Request To Speed Up The Slaughter Line","publishDate":1517436331,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Bay Area Bites | KQED Food","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>The U.S. Department of Agriculture has \u003ca href=\"https://www.fsis.usda.gov/wps/wcm/connect/235092cf-e3c0-4285-9560-e60cf6956df8/17-05-FSIS-Response-Letter-01292018.pdf?MOD=AJPERES\">denied\u003c/a> a \u003ca href=\"https://www.fsis.usda.gov/wps/wcm/connect/7734f5cf-05d9-4f89-a7eb-6d85037ad2a7/17-05-Petition-National-Chicken-Council-09012017.pdf?MOD=AJPERES\">petition\u003c/a> by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nationalchickencouncil.org/\">National Chicken Council\u003c/a> to remove the line speed limit on work at some slaughterhouses, a move that food safety advocates are calling a victory for workers and consumers. As the\u003ca href=\"http://ohiovalleyresource.org/2017/10/20/speedy-decision-poultry-processors-pushing-safety-limits/\"> Ohio Valley ReSource reported in October\u003c/a>, the National Chicken Council proposal could have increased the line speed for some workers in processing plants where accidents and injuries are already a concern.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, the USDA has received more than 100,000 public comments. This week, the department's Food Safety Inspection Service turned the petition down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is a direct rebuke of the poultry industry, whose business model is to sacrifice worker health in order to reap profits,\" said Debbie Berkowitz, a former senior official with the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration who is now a senior fellow with the worker rights group \u003ca href=\"http://www.nelp.org/\">National Employment Law Project\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Berkowitz and other food-safety and worker rights advocates opposed the council's petition, which the poultry industry said would have increased efficiency and modernized systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In September, the council petitioned the USDA to allow plants that operate under what's known as the \u003ca href=\"https://www.fsis.usda.gov/wps/wcm/connect/00ffa106-f373-437a-9cf3-6417f289bfc2/2011-0012.pdf?MOD=AJPERES\">New Poultry Inspection System\u003c/a> a waiver that would remove the current limit of 175 birds per minute. But the \u003ca href=\"https://www.fsis.usda.gov/wps/portal/informational/aboutfsis/agency-leadership/administrator\">Food Safety Inspection Service's acting administrator, Paul Kiecker\u003c/a>, said the council's proposal is redundant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We currently have a procedure in place for waivers, and we would expect to follow that,\" he said. \"We don't want to set up any kind of a separate procedure that is strictly for line speed waivers for chicken plants.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far only 20 poultry processing plants operate under the optional inspection program, and some evidence indicates those plants have issues with worker and food safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A recent \u003ca href=\"https://www.foodandwaterwatch.org/news/privatized-inspection-system-produces-more-contaminated-chicken\">report \u003c/a>by the advocacy group Food & Water Watch found that 30 percent of plants under the new system failed performance standards for salmonella. And \u003ca href=\"https://www.osha.gov/severeinjury/index.html\">federal data\u003c/a> show that one Pilgrim's Pride plant in Moorefield, W.Va., operating under the new system had five severe injury reports in a two-year period. That's a higher injury rate than in any other similar facility in Kentucky, Ohio and West Virginia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kiecker said most plants that are allowed to operate at 175 birds per minute do not. \"As a matter of fact, when we just had the 20 plants that were underneath the waiver when we were \u003ca href=\"https://www.fsis.usda.gov/wps/wcm/connect/fcd9ca3e-3f08-421f-84a7-936bc410627c/Evaluation_HACCP_HIMP.pdf?MOD=AJPERES\">doing the pilot\u003c/a>, the average line speed at that time was 131 birds per minute,\" he said. Kiecker said his service is working to establish criteria that would allow those plants to apply individually for higher line speeds if they can show a \"history of process control.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, National Chicken Council President Mike Brown said that although he is disappointed in the decision, he is pleased that it did offer opportunity for a \"viable path forward\" for those plants operating under the new inspection system to petition for higher line speeds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Berkowitz said she will be watching that process. \"We are hoping that the USDA does this through full notice and comment and puts everything on their website so the public can see what they are doing,\" she said. \"I think all of us have one main concern — and that is protecting consumers and protecting workers.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Worker-safety advocates are also keeping an eye on a proposal to increase work speeds in the pork industry. The USDA recently announced a \u003ca href=\"https://www.usda.gov/media/press-releases/2018/01/19/usda-announces-proposed-rule-modernize-swine-inspection\">New Swine Slaughter Inspection System\u003c/a> that will allow pig slaughterhouses to kill pigs at higher speeds if deemed safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://ohiovalleyresource.org/2018/01/30/feds-deny-poultry-industry-request-increase-work-speed/\">\u003cem>story\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> comes from the \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://ohiovalleyresource.org/\">\u003cem>Ohio Valley Resource\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>: Seven public media companies coming together to tell the story of a changing region, with support from the Corporation for Public Broadcasting.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2018 \u003ca href=\"http://www.wkms.org/\">WKMS\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The National Chicken Council says a faster line speed would increase efficiency and modernize systems. Food safety advocates are calling the move a victory for both workers and consumers.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1517436331,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":16,"wordCount":633},"headData":{"title":"USDA Denies Poultry Industry's Request To Speed Up The Slaughter Line | KQED","description":"The National Chicken Council says a faster line speed would increase efficiency and modernize systems. Food safety advocates are calling the move a victory for both workers and consumers.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"124787 https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=124787","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2018/01/31/usda-denies-poultry-industrys-request-to-speed-up-the-slaughter-line/","disqusTitle":"USDA Denies Poultry Industry's Request To Speed Up The Slaughter Line","source":"Politics, Activism, Food Safety","sourceUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/category/politics-activism-food-safety/","nprImageCredit":"Alice Welch","nprByline":"Nicole Erwin, \u003ca href=\"http://ohiovalleyresource.org/\">Ohio Valley Resource\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.wkms.org/\">WKMS\u003c/a>","nprImageAgency":"U.S. Department of Agriculture","nprStoryId":"581956147","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=581956147&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2018/01/31/581956147/usda-denies-poultry-industrys-request-to-speed-up-the-slaughter-line?ft=nprml&f=581956147","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Wed, 31 Jan 2018 13:53:00 -0500","nprStoryDate":"Wed, 31 Jan 2018 12:25:00 -0500","nprLastModifiedDate":"Wed, 31 Jan 2018 13:53:06 -0500","path":"/bayareabites/124787/usda-denies-poultry-industrys-request-to-speed-up-the-slaughter-line","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The U.S. Department of Agriculture has \u003ca href=\"https://www.fsis.usda.gov/wps/wcm/connect/235092cf-e3c0-4285-9560-e60cf6956df8/17-05-FSIS-Response-Letter-01292018.pdf?MOD=AJPERES\">denied\u003c/a> a \u003ca href=\"https://www.fsis.usda.gov/wps/wcm/connect/7734f5cf-05d9-4f89-a7eb-6d85037ad2a7/17-05-Petition-National-Chicken-Council-09012017.pdf?MOD=AJPERES\">petition\u003c/a> by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nationalchickencouncil.org/\">National Chicken Council\u003c/a> to remove the line speed limit on work at some slaughterhouses, a move that food safety advocates are calling a victory for workers and consumers. As the\u003ca href=\"http://ohiovalleyresource.org/2017/10/20/speedy-decision-poultry-processors-pushing-safety-limits/\"> Ohio Valley ReSource reported in October\u003c/a>, the National Chicken Council proposal could have increased the line speed for some workers in processing plants where accidents and injuries are already a concern.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, the USDA has received more than 100,000 public comments. This week, the department's Food Safety Inspection Service turned the petition down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is a direct rebuke of the poultry industry, whose business model is to sacrifice worker health in order to reap profits,\" said Debbie Berkowitz, a former senior official with the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration who is now a senior fellow with the worker rights group \u003ca href=\"http://www.nelp.org/\">National Employment Law Project\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Berkowitz and other food-safety and worker rights advocates opposed the council's petition, which the poultry industry said would have increased efficiency and modernized systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In September, the council petitioned the USDA to allow plants that operate under what's known as the \u003ca href=\"https://www.fsis.usda.gov/wps/wcm/connect/00ffa106-f373-437a-9cf3-6417f289bfc2/2011-0012.pdf?MOD=AJPERES\">New Poultry Inspection System\u003c/a> a waiver that would remove the current limit of 175 birds per minute. But the \u003ca href=\"https://www.fsis.usda.gov/wps/portal/informational/aboutfsis/agency-leadership/administrator\">Food Safety Inspection Service's acting administrator, Paul Kiecker\u003c/a>, said the council's proposal is redundant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We currently have a procedure in place for waivers, and we would expect to follow that,\" he said. \"We don't want to set up any kind of a separate procedure that is strictly for line speed waivers for chicken plants.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far only 20 poultry processing plants operate under the optional inspection program, and some evidence indicates those plants have issues with worker and food safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A recent \u003ca href=\"https://www.foodandwaterwatch.org/news/privatized-inspection-system-produces-more-contaminated-chicken\">report \u003c/a>by the advocacy group Food & Water Watch found that 30 percent of plants under the new system failed performance standards for salmonella. And \u003ca href=\"https://www.osha.gov/severeinjury/index.html\">federal data\u003c/a> show that one Pilgrim's Pride plant in Moorefield, W.Va., operating under the new system had five severe injury reports in a two-year period. That's a higher injury rate than in any other similar facility in Kentucky, Ohio and West Virginia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kiecker said most plants that are allowed to operate at 175 birds per minute do not. \"As a matter of fact, when we just had the 20 plants that were underneath the waiver when we were \u003ca href=\"https://www.fsis.usda.gov/wps/wcm/connect/fcd9ca3e-3f08-421f-84a7-936bc410627c/Evaluation_HACCP_HIMP.pdf?MOD=AJPERES\">doing the pilot\u003c/a>, the average line speed at that time was 131 birds per minute,\" he said. Kiecker said his service is working to establish criteria that would allow those plants to apply individually for higher line speeds if they can show a \"history of process control.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, National Chicken Council President Mike Brown said that although he is disappointed in the decision, he is pleased that it did offer opportunity for a \"viable path forward\" for those plants operating under the new inspection system to petition for higher line speeds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Berkowitz said she will be watching that process. \"We are hoping that the USDA does this through full notice and comment and puts everything on their website so the public can see what they are doing,\" she said. \"I think all of us have one main concern — and that is protecting consumers and protecting workers.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Worker-safety advocates are also keeping an eye on a proposal to increase work speeds in the pork industry. The USDA recently announced a \u003ca href=\"https://www.usda.gov/media/press-releases/2018/01/19/usda-announces-proposed-rule-modernize-swine-inspection\">New Swine Slaughter Inspection System\u003c/a> that will allow pig slaughterhouses to kill pigs at higher speeds if deemed safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://ohiovalleyresource.org/2018/01/30/feds-deny-poultry-industry-request-increase-work-speed/\">\u003cem>story\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> comes from the \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://ohiovalleyresource.org/\">\u003cem>Ohio Valley Resource\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>: Seven public media companies coming together to tell the story of a changing region, with support from the Corporation for Public Broadcasting.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2018 \u003ca href=\"http://www.wkms.org/\">WKMS\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/124787/usda-denies-poultry-industrys-request-to-speed-up-the-slaughter-line","authors":["byline_bayareabites_124787"],"categories":["bayareabites_11028","bayareabites_10028","bayareabites_2035","bayareabites_358"],"tags":["bayareabites_621","bayareabites_12328","bayareabites_8913","bayareabites_15266"],"featImg":"bayareabites_124788","label":"source_bayareabites_124787"},"bayareabites_121110":{"type":"posts","id":"bayareabites_121110","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"bayareabites","id":"121110","score":null,"sort":[1506665673000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"audit-reveals-weaknesses-in-usda-organic-program-oversight","title":"Audit Reveals Weaknesses in USDA Organic Program Oversight","publishDate":1506665673,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Bay Area Bites | KQED Food","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cem>A year-long investigation by the Inspector General shows that imported organic foods are not up to standard.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Can we trust organic food that has been produced overseas? That question has gained urgency lately as demand for organic products has outpaced domestic production, leading to steady growth in such imports. The total value of imported organic foods \u003ca href=\"https://www.ers.usda.gov/topics/natural-resources-environment/organic-agriculture/organic-trade/\">tracked by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA\u003c/a>) grew from $667 million in 2011 to $1.65 billion in 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An investigation by the \u003cem>Washington Post\u003c/em> earlier this year found that large shipments of conventionally grown \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/the-labels-said-organic-but-these-massive-imports-of-corn-and-soybeans-werent/2017/05/12/6d165984-2b76-11e7-a616-d7c8a68c1a66_story.html?utm_term=.f13087b03394\">corn and soy were improperly labeled organic\u003c/a>, bringing consumer concerns about the reliability of the USDA Organic label to a new level. For years, news reports have raised questions about the validity of organic certification for \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/why-your-organic-milk-may-not-be-organic/2017/05/01/708ce5bc-ed76-11e6-9662-6eedf1627882_story.html\">milk\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://theintercept.com/2017/09/15/whole-foods-free-range-chicken-animal-rights/\">chicken\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2017/07/13/more-than-a-million-hens-filling-barns-at-three-per-square-foot-and-yes-theyre-usda-organic/\">eggs\u003c/a>, and many \u003ca href=\"http://civileats.com/2011/04/04/caught-fake-organic-certificates-from-china%E2%80%A8%E2%80%A8/\">other types of organic products\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s nothing like fraud to put concern and distress in the minds of consumers,” explained the \u003ca href=\"https://ota.com/\">Organic Trade Association\u003c/a> (OTA)’s Gwendolyn Wyard, the regulatory and technical affairs vice-president leading the group’s task force on global supply chain integrity. “We need to send a loud and clear message that fraud isn’t tolerated, and we can stop it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, a \u003ca href=\"https://www.usda.gov/oig/webdocs/01601-0001-21.pdf\">new audit\u003c/a> of the National Organic Program’s (NOP) international trade arrangements and agreements, conducted by the USDA’s Office of Inspector General, underscores those concerns and shows that the organic industry has far to travel before Americans can trust what is sold as certified organic, up and down the supply chain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Weak Links in the Supply Chain\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In order for producers in other countries to import products as organic to the U.S., the Secretary of Agriculture must certify that those countries’ certification schemes are substantially equivalent to the USDA’s. Currently, Canada, the European Union, Japan, Korea, and Switzerland all have these agreements in place. Mexico and Taiwan are in the midst of negotiations to earn equivalency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The USDA’s audit spanned 13 months, from March 2016 to April 2017, and the agency’s summary report identifies four key shortcomings in how the agency works with goods imported from those countries that reveals weaknesses at every level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The resounding issue is a lack of transparency. First, auditors found that the agency’s Agricultural Marketing Service (AMS), which houses the NOP, did not clearly share with stakeholders its methodology for determining how other countries’ organic standards compared to the USDA’s. And the on-site audits meant to ensure the efficacy of other countries’ certification practices were not conducted in a timely way, auditors found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, once products reached the U.S. border, auditors found that the agency did not provide reasonable assurance that inspectors reviewed the required documents proving organic practices at U.S. ports of entry. Finally, auditors also found that millions of pounds of organic products were sometimes fumigated with conventional pesticides to prevent invasive pests from entering the country, but still labeled and sold the food as organic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While most organic food is safe, and dramatically reduces your exposure to pesticides, the report reveals serious regulatory gaps that allow a few bad actors to ship sham ‘organic’ products to the U.S.,” explained Bill Freese, a science policy analyst at the Center for Food Safety. “The USDA must up its game to block these imports, both to protect consumers and ensure a level playing field for American organic farmers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Concerns about holes in the USDA Organic certification process have been on the agenda on Capitol Hill already this year. “It is \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i3FuZKFB0M4&feature=youtu.be\">absolutely USDA’s responsibility\u003c/a> to make sure that the cheaters, whether international or domestic, are held accountable to make sure those certifications are authentic,” Secretary of Agriculture Sonny Perdue said during an appropriations hearing exchange with Congresswoman Chellie Pingree (D-Maine), a member of the House agriculture appropriations subcommittee as well as a certified organic farmer. “The customer deserves that, and that’s the role USDA plays.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Politicians, policymakers, and the public—who bought \u003ca href=\"https://www.ota.com/news/press-releases/19681\">$47 billion\u003c/a> worth of organic food last year—are in agreement that loopholes are likely allowing conventional food into the organic market. But getting them to agree on a timeline for addressing the problem won’t be easy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>July 2018 Timeline to Implement Change\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The USDA accepted all nine of the Inspector General’s recommendations to address the audit’s findings, including better transparency about verifying and auditing other countries’ organic practices, better communication among USDA divisions about when organic products are fumigated, and better data collection about what organic foods are imported and under what conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The USDA agreed to have those changes in place by July 2018, although given the recent news about \u003ca href=\"http://www.politico.com/story/2017/09/21/trump-agriculture-department-usda-campaign-workers-242951\">the quality of new hires\u003c/a> at the agency, as well as \u003ca href=\"http://civileats.com/2017/09/18/why-the-organic-industry-is-suing-the-usda-over-animal-welfare/\">the recent departure of NOP head Miles McEvoy\u003c/a>, implementation may be slow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Failing to uphold the organic standards could blow a hole in one of the fastest-growing areas of agriculture,” wrote Pingree \u003ca href=\"http://civileats.com/2017/06/22/rep-chellie-pingree-we-must-act-to-protect-integrity-of-the-certified-organic-label/\">in an op-ed\u003c/a> in Civil Eats earlier this year. “Inaction also harms certified organic farmers who are helping to grow the rural economy in states like mine by using the label to draw buyers and remain competitive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"https://pingree.house.gov/media-center/press-releases/usda-s-office-inspector-general-s-report-recommends-changes-protect\">statement\u003c/a> about the new report, Pingree said she’s committed to working with appropriations to make sure the USDA “has the resources it needs to accomplish the recommendations” and more fairly achieve enforcement of organic standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But OTA thinks organic companies can and should work faster than government to\u003cbr>\nstart making changes on their own. In a \u003ca href=\"http://www.newsfromota.com/ota-members/government-affairs-policy/nop-actions-underway-on-audit-regarding-trade/\">statement\u003c/a>, the group explained it is seeking to electronically modernize import systems and restrict operations lacking authentic certification. It’s also developing a best-practices guide for the private sector.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The USDA’s July timeline is realistic, but we don’t want to wait to take action,” OTA’s Wyard told Civil Eats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>OTA also plans to advocate increases in the NOP’s budget in the next farm bill, so it has the necessary resources and technology for oversight. The NOP’s current paper system of tracking is “a dinosaur,” said Wyard, dying in an age of electronic traceability. OTA’s platform also takes aim at operations exempted from organic certification, which includes farmers annually making $5,000 gross or less, as well as brokers and traders passing along product without handling it—those operations are still expected to follow the USDA Organic regulations, but do not need to go through the certification process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>OTA is pragmatic about what to expect from the current Congress. “The farm bill is entering a tough budgetary environment. None of the organic programs are in the baseline, so we absolutely have to defend any small amount of money we can get,” said Wyard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of these gaps in authenticity, which show up in USDA’s own sobering reports, have been at issue since the organic label’s inception. And while the organic industry has significantly grown in political power and market share, many companies seem still willing to sell products labeled organic whether or not the production practices line up. And that’s where the industry’s own watchdogging may need to be ramped up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our position is that everyone has a role in fraud prevention,” said Wyard.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A year-long investigation by the Inspector General shows that imported organic foods are not up to standard.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1506665673,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":26,"wordCount":1295},"headData":{"title":"Audit Reveals Weaknesses in USDA Organic Program Oversight | KQED","description":"A year-long investigation by the Inspector General shows that imported organic foods are not up to standard.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"121110 https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=121110","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2017/09/28/audit-reveals-weaknesses-in-usda-organic-program-oversight/","disqusTitle":"Audit Reveals Weaknesses in USDA Organic Program Oversight","source":"Marketing, Advertising & Labeling","sourceUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/category/marketing-and-advertising/","nprByline":"\u003ca href=\"https://civileats.com/author/scott-thill/\">Scott Thill,\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/author/civileat/\">Civil Eats\u003c/a>","path":"/bayareabites/121110/audit-reveals-weaknesses-in-usda-organic-program-oversight","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>A year-long investigation by the Inspector General shows that imported organic foods are not up to standard.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Can we trust organic food that has been produced overseas? That question has gained urgency lately as demand for organic products has outpaced domestic production, leading to steady growth in such imports. The total value of imported organic foods \u003ca href=\"https://www.ers.usda.gov/topics/natural-resources-environment/organic-agriculture/organic-trade/\">tracked by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA\u003c/a>) grew from $667 million in 2011 to $1.65 billion in 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An investigation by the \u003cem>Washington Post\u003c/em> earlier this year found that large shipments of conventionally grown \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/the-labels-said-organic-but-these-massive-imports-of-corn-and-soybeans-werent/2017/05/12/6d165984-2b76-11e7-a616-d7c8a68c1a66_story.html?utm_term=.f13087b03394\">corn and soy were improperly labeled organic\u003c/a>, bringing consumer concerns about the reliability of the USDA Organic label to a new level. For years, news reports have raised questions about the validity of organic certification for \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/why-your-organic-milk-may-not-be-organic/2017/05/01/708ce5bc-ed76-11e6-9662-6eedf1627882_story.html\">milk\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://theintercept.com/2017/09/15/whole-foods-free-range-chicken-animal-rights/\">chicken\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2017/07/13/more-than-a-million-hens-filling-barns-at-three-per-square-foot-and-yes-theyre-usda-organic/\">eggs\u003c/a>, and many \u003ca href=\"http://civileats.com/2011/04/04/caught-fake-organic-certificates-from-china%E2%80%A8%E2%80%A8/\">other types of organic products\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s nothing like fraud to put concern and distress in the minds of consumers,” explained the \u003ca href=\"https://ota.com/\">Organic Trade Association\u003c/a> (OTA)’s Gwendolyn Wyard, the regulatory and technical affairs vice-president leading the group’s task force on global supply chain integrity. “We need to send a loud and clear message that fraud isn’t tolerated, and we can stop it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, a \u003ca href=\"https://www.usda.gov/oig/webdocs/01601-0001-21.pdf\">new audit\u003c/a> of the National Organic Program’s (NOP) international trade arrangements and agreements, conducted by the USDA’s Office of Inspector General, underscores those concerns and shows that the organic industry has far to travel before Americans can trust what is sold as certified organic, up and down the supply chain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Weak Links in the Supply Chain\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In order for producers in other countries to import products as organic to the U.S., the Secretary of Agriculture must certify that those countries’ certification schemes are substantially equivalent to the USDA’s. Currently, Canada, the European Union, Japan, Korea, and Switzerland all have these agreements in place. Mexico and Taiwan are in the midst of negotiations to earn equivalency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The USDA’s audit spanned 13 months, from March 2016 to April 2017, and the agency’s summary report identifies four key shortcomings in how the agency works with goods imported from those countries that reveals weaknesses at every level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The resounding issue is a lack of transparency. First, auditors found that the agency’s Agricultural Marketing Service (AMS), which houses the NOP, did not clearly share with stakeholders its methodology for determining how other countries’ organic standards compared to the USDA’s. And the on-site audits meant to ensure the efficacy of other countries’ certification practices were not conducted in a timely way, auditors found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, once products reached the U.S. border, auditors found that the agency did not provide reasonable assurance that inspectors reviewed the required documents proving organic practices at U.S. ports of entry. Finally, auditors also found that millions of pounds of organic products were sometimes fumigated with conventional pesticides to prevent invasive pests from entering the country, but still labeled and sold the food as organic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While most organic food is safe, and dramatically reduces your exposure to pesticides, the report reveals serious regulatory gaps that allow a few bad actors to ship sham ‘organic’ products to the U.S.,” explained Bill Freese, a science policy analyst at the Center for Food Safety. “The USDA must up its game to block these imports, both to protect consumers and ensure a level playing field for American organic farmers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Concerns about holes in the USDA Organic certification process have been on the agenda on Capitol Hill already this year. “It is \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i3FuZKFB0M4&feature=youtu.be\">absolutely USDA’s responsibility\u003c/a> to make sure that the cheaters, whether international or domestic, are held accountable to make sure those certifications are authentic,” Secretary of Agriculture Sonny Perdue said during an appropriations hearing exchange with Congresswoman Chellie Pingree (D-Maine), a member of the House agriculture appropriations subcommittee as well as a certified organic farmer. “The customer deserves that, and that’s the role USDA plays.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Politicians, policymakers, and the public—who bought \u003ca href=\"https://www.ota.com/news/press-releases/19681\">$47 billion\u003c/a> worth of organic food last year—are in agreement that loopholes are likely allowing conventional food into the organic market. But getting them to agree on a timeline for addressing the problem won’t be easy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>July 2018 Timeline to Implement Change\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The USDA accepted all nine of the Inspector General’s recommendations to address the audit’s findings, including better transparency about verifying and auditing other countries’ organic practices, better communication among USDA divisions about when organic products are fumigated, and better data collection about what organic foods are imported and under what conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The USDA agreed to have those changes in place by July 2018, although given the recent news about \u003ca href=\"http://www.politico.com/story/2017/09/21/trump-agriculture-department-usda-campaign-workers-242951\">the quality of new hires\u003c/a> at the agency, as well as \u003ca href=\"http://civileats.com/2017/09/18/why-the-organic-industry-is-suing-the-usda-over-animal-welfare/\">the recent departure of NOP head Miles McEvoy\u003c/a>, implementation may be slow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Failing to uphold the organic standards could blow a hole in one of the fastest-growing areas of agriculture,” wrote Pingree \u003ca href=\"http://civileats.com/2017/06/22/rep-chellie-pingree-we-must-act-to-protect-integrity-of-the-certified-organic-label/\">in an op-ed\u003c/a> in Civil Eats earlier this year. “Inaction also harms certified organic farmers who are helping to grow the rural economy in states like mine by using the label to draw buyers and remain competitive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"https://pingree.house.gov/media-center/press-releases/usda-s-office-inspector-general-s-report-recommends-changes-protect\">statement\u003c/a> about the new report, Pingree said she’s committed to working with appropriations to make sure the USDA “has the resources it needs to accomplish the recommendations” and more fairly achieve enforcement of organic standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But OTA thinks organic companies can and should work faster than government to\u003cbr>\nstart making changes on their own. In a \u003ca href=\"http://www.newsfromota.com/ota-members/government-affairs-policy/nop-actions-underway-on-audit-regarding-trade/\">statement\u003c/a>, the group explained it is seeking to electronically modernize import systems and restrict operations lacking authentic certification. It’s also developing a best-practices guide for the private sector.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The USDA’s July timeline is realistic, but we don’t want to wait to take action,” OTA’s Wyard told Civil Eats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>OTA also plans to advocate increases in the NOP’s budget in the next farm bill, so it has the necessary resources and technology for oversight. The NOP’s current paper system of tracking is “a dinosaur,” said Wyard, dying in an age of electronic traceability. OTA’s platform also takes aim at operations exempted from organic certification, which includes farmers annually making $5,000 gross or less, as well as brokers and traders passing along product without handling it—those operations are still expected to follow the USDA Organic regulations, but do not need to go through the certification process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>OTA is pragmatic about what to expect from the current Congress. “The farm bill is entering a tough budgetary environment. None of the organic programs are in the baseline, so we absolutely have to defend any small amount of money we can get,” said Wyard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of these gaps in authenticity, which show up in USDA’s own sobering reports, have been at issue since the organic label’s inception. And while the organic industry has significantly grown in political power and market share, many companies seem still willing to sell products labeled organic whether or not the production practices line up. And that’s where the industry’s own watchdogging may need to be ramped up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our position is that everyone has a role in fraud prevention,” said Wyard.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/121110/audit-reveals-weaknesses-in-usda-organic-program-oversight","authors":["byline_bayareabites_121110"],"categories":["bayareabites_10028","bayareabites_1245","bayareabites_12555","bayareabites_2035","bayareabites_358"],"tags":["bayareabites_65","bayareabites_8913"],"featImg":"bayareabites_121112","label":"source_bayareabites_121110"},"bayareabites_114186":{"type":"posts","id":"bayareabites_114186","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"bayareabites","id":"114186","score":null,"sort":[1482200678000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"how-much-is-too-much-new-study-casts-doubts-on-sugar-guidelines","title":"How Much Is Too Much? New Study Casts Doubts On Sugar Guidelines","publishDate":1482200678,"format":"audio","headTitle":"Bay Area Bites | KQED Food","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the story on All Things Considered:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nhttps://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2016/12/20161219_atc_how_much_is_too_much_new_study_casts_doubts_on_sugar_guidelines.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By now, you've very likely heard the case for limiting sugar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the past two years the World Health Organization and the U.S. Dietary Guidelines have begun \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2016/01/07/462160303/new-dietary-guidelines-crack-down-on-sugar-but-red-meat-gets-a-pass\">urging\u003c/a> us to consume no more than 10 percent of our daily calories from added sugar. Drinking more than one sugar-sweetened soda a day can put you over that limit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a new industry-funded \u003ca href=\"http://annals.org/aim/article/doi/10.7326/M16-2020\">study\u003c/a> published in a prominent medical journal questions the evidence used to generate the specific recommendations to limit sugar in our diets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Overall, I would say the guidelines are not trustworthy,\" says study author \u003ca href=\"http://ihpme.utoronto.ca/faculty/bradley-c-johnston/\">Bradley Johnston\u003c/a>, a clinical epidemiologist at the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto who also teaches biostatistics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnston reviewed the studies and methodology used to generate the guidelines. He concludes that while it's wise for people to limit sugar consumption, there's still a question about \u003cem>how\u003c/em> much to limit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Sugar should certainly be limited in the diets of children and adults, no question,\" he says. But he argues there's not convincing evidence to support cutting consumption to 10 percent, or 5 percent — or any specific threshold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's a lot of uncertainty about the thresholds that appear in guidelines,\" Johnston says. \"What's happening is that guideline panelists are making strong recommendations based on low-quality evidence.\" (The paper reviewed nine sugar-intake guidelines from around the globe, included the WHO guideline and the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, which were updated this year.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The paper, which appears Monday in the \u003cem>Annals of Internal Medicine,\u003c/em> has raised the ire of public health experts. \"We should reject these findings,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://profiles.ucsf.edu/dean.schillinger\">Dean Schillinger\u003c/a>, a physician at the University of California, San Francisco and advocate for diabetes-prevention efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schillinger has penned an \u003ca href=\"http://annals.org/aim/article/doi/10.7326/M16-2754\">editorial\u003c/a>, published alongside the study, that's titled, \"Guidelines To Limit Added Sugar Intake: Junk Science or Junk Food?\" He writes that the new paper amounts to \"the politicization of science.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schillinger says that when you look at the body of evidence, the science is clear. \"Nearly all experimental studies that examined whether eating added sugars contributes to obesity and [Type 2] diabetes-related outcomes show a cause-and-effect relationship,\" Schillinger told us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marion Nestle, a nutrition professor at New York University who has \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2015/10/27/451950106/in-soda-politics-big-soda-at-crossroads-of-profit-and-public-health\">written\u003c/a> extensively about the soda industry, says this new paper is an attempt by big food and beverage companies to use their power to undermine the scientific consensus on limiting added sugars in our diets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is a classic example of industry-funded research aimed at one purpose and one purpose only: to cast doubt on the science linking diets high in sugars to poor health,\" Nestle tells us. \"This paper is shameful.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The paper was funded by the International Life Science Institute. The group is financially\u003ca href=\"http://ilsi.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Members.pdf\"> supported\u003c/a> by food and beverage companies including McDonald's Corp., Mars Inc., The Coca-Cola Co. and PepsiCo Inc.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is not an industry attempt to undermine the science,\" \u003ca href=\"http://ilsina.org/about-us/our-team/\">Eric Hentges\u003c/a>, the executive director of ILSI, North America, told us. He says the aim of the paper is to examine the inconsistencies in sugar guidelines around the globe and to examine the science behind the specific recommendations. \"The purpose of the paper was to investigate specifically the quality of methods and the quality of evidence,\" Hentges told us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I asked study author Johnston for a specific example of a study that exemplifies the uncertainties in the scientific evidence on sugar intake. He pointed me to one \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22998339\">published\u003c/a> in the \u003cem>New England Journal of Medicine\u003c/em> in 2012.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That study included 224 overweight and obese adolescents who regularly consumed sugar-sweetened beverages. The participants were divided into two groups. The experimental group received noncaloric beverages at home and were told to cut out sugar-sweetened beverages. The control group kept up their normal pattern of consumption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the end of the first year of the study, the participants who received the noncaloric beverages at home had smaller increases in body mass index compared with the control group. But by the end of the second year, \"there was no difference between groups,\" Johnston says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnston says the point he wants to make is that sugar intake is not the only factor related to obesity and Type 2 diabetes. \"It's one factor among many,\" Johnston says. He says scientists should not put \"ourselves into an ideological framework where we think that sugar is \u003cem>the\u003c/em> scapegoat for the rise in obesity and diabetes.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The concern among public health experts is that this position — and this new paper published in \u003cem>Annals\u003c/em> — could be used as a justification for questioning the dietary guidelines for sugar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The big picture here is we're talking about a fundamentally threatening [Type 2] diabetes epidemic,\" Schillinger told us. \"Fourteen percent of Americans — that's 1 in 7 adults — have diabetes.\" And he says questioning the science behind specific recommendations should not distract from the effort to nudge people to consume less sugar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schillinger says this study and other industry efforts around sugar remind him of tactics used by Big Tobacco. \"This is very reminiscent of what tobacco did around secondhand smoke,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When studies showed harm related to secondhand smoke, \"the [industry] called that science junk science. It was really an attempt to undermine the scientific process and create additional doubt in the general public,\" Schillinger says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"An industry-funded study questions the evidence behind guidelines on daily sugar intake. Public health experts call the controversial findings an industry attempt to undermine scientific consensus.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1482200828,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":26,"wordCount":922},"headData":{"title":"How Much Is Too Much? New Study Casts Doubts On Sugar Guidelines | KQED","description":"An industry-funded study questions the evidence behind guidelines on daily sugar intake. Public health experts call the controversial findings an industry attempt to undermine scientific consensus.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"114186 http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=114186","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2016/12/19/how-much-is-too-much-new-study-casts-doubts-on-sugar-guidelines/","disqusTitle":"How Much Is Too Much? New Study Casts Doubts On Sugar Guidelines","source":"Health and Nutrition","sourceUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/category/health-and-nutrition/","nprImageCredit":"Peter Dazeley","nprByline":"Allison Aubrey, NPR Food","nprImageAgency":"Getty Images","nprStoryId":"505867535","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=505867535&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2016/12/19/505867535/how-much-is-too-much-new-study-casts-doubts-on-sugar-guidelines?ft=nprml&f=505867535","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Mon, 19 Dec 2016 18:24:00 -0500","nprStoryDate":"Mon, 19 Dec 2016 17:04:00 -0500","nprLastModifiedDate":"Mon, 19 Dec 2016 18:46:03 -0500","nprAudio":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2016/12/20161219_atc_how_much_is_too_much_new_study_casts_doubts_on_sugar_guidelines.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1134&d=224&p=2&story=505867535&t=progseg&e=506161693&seg=19&ft=nprml&f=505867535","nprAudioM3u":"http://api.npr.org/m3u/1506200023-19da18.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1134&d=224&p=2&story=505867535&t=progseg&e=506161693&seg=19&ft=nprml&f=505867535","path":"/bayareabites/114186/how-much-is-too-much-new-study-casts-doubts-on-sugar-guidelines","audioUrl":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2016/12/20161219_atc_how_much_is_too_much_new_study_casts_doubts_on_sugar_guidelines.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1134&d=224&p=2&story=505867535&t=progseg&e=506161693&seg=19&ft=nprml&f=505867535","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the story on All Things Considered:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"nprOneAudioLink","attributes":{"named":{"src":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2016/12/20161219_atc_how_much_is_too_much_new_study_casts_doubts_on_sugar_guidelines.mp3"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By now, you've very likely heard the case for limiting sugar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the past two years the World Health Organization and the U.S. Dietary Guidelines have begun \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2016/01/07/462160303/new-dietary-guidelines-crack-down-on-sugar-but-red-meat-gets-a-pass\">urging\u003c/a> us to consume no more than 10 percent of our daily calories from added sugar. Drinking more than one sugar-sweetened soda a day can put you over that limit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a new industry-funded \u003ca href=\"http://annals.org/aim/article/doi/10.7326/M16-2020\">study\u003c/a> published in a prominent medical journal questions the evidence used to generate the specific recommendations to limit sugar in our diets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Overall, I would say the guidelines are not trustworthy,\" says study author \u003ca href=\"http://ihpme.utoronto.ca/faculty/bradley-c-johnston/\">Bradley Johnston\u003c/a>, a clinical epidemiologist at the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto who also teaches biostatistics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnston reviewed the studies and methodology used to generate the guidelines. He concludes that while it's wise for people to limit sugar consumption, there's still a question about \u003cem>how\u003c/em> much to limit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Sugar should certainly be limited in the diets of children and adults, no question,\" he says. But he argues there's not convincing evidence to support cutting consumption to 10 percent, or 5 percent — or any specific threshold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's a lot of uncertainty about the thresholds that appear in guidelines,\" Johnston says. \"What's happening is that guideline panelists are making strong recommendations based on low-quality evidence.\" (The paper reviewed nine sugar-intake guidelines from around the globe, included the WHO guideline and the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, which were updated this year.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The paper, which appears Monday in the \u003cem>Annals of Internal Medicine,\u003c/em> has raised the ire of public health experts. \"We should reject these findings,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://profiles.ucsf.edu/dean.schillinger\">Dean Schillinger\u003c/a>, a physician at the University of California, San Francisco and advocate for diabetes-prevention efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schillinger has penned an \u003ca href=\"http://annals.org/aim/article/doi/10.7326/M16-2754\">editorial\u003c/a>, published alongside the study, that's titled, \"Guidelines To Limit Added Sugar Intake: Junk Science or Junk Food?\" He writes that the new paper amounts to \"the politicization of science.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schillinger says that when you look at the body of evidence, the science is clear. \"Nearly all experimental studies that examined whether eating added sugars contributes to obesity and [Type 2] diabetes-related outcomes show a cause-and-effect relationship,\" Schillinger told us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marion Nestle, a nutrition professor at New York University who has \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2015/10/27/451950106/in-soda-politics-big-soda-at-crossroads-of-profit-and-public-health\">written\u003c/a> extensively about the soda industry, says this new paper is an attempt by big food and beverage companies to use their power to undermine the scientific consensus on limiting added sugars in our diets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is a classic example of industry-funded research aimed at one purpose and one purpose only: to cast doubt on the science linking diets high in sugars to poor health,\" Nestle tells us. \"This paper is shameful.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The paper was funded by the International Life Science Institute. The group is financially\u003ca href=\"http://ilsi.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Members.pdf\"> supported\u003c/a> by food and beverage companies including McDonald's Corp., Mars Inc., The Coca-Cola Co. and PepsiCo Inc.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is not an industry attempt to undermine the science,\" \u003ca href=\"http://ilsina.org/about-us/our-team/\">Eric Hentges\u003c/a>, the executive director of ILSI, North America, told us. He says the aim of the paper is to examine the inconsistencies in sugar guidelines around the globe and to examine the science behind the specific recommendations. \"The purpose of the paper was to investigate specifically the quality of methods and the quality of evidence,\" Hentges told us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I asked study author Johnston for a specific example of a study that exemplifies the uncertainties in the scientific evidence on sugar intake. He pointed me to one \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22998339\">published\u003c/a> in the \u003cem>New England Journal of Medicine\u003c/em> in 2012.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That study included 224 overweight and obese adolescents who regularly consumed sugar-sweetened beverages. The participants were divided into two groups. The experimental group received noncaloric beverages at home and were told to cut out sugar-sweetened beverages. The control group kept up their normal pattern of consumption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the end of the first year of the study, the participants who received the noncaloric beverages at home had smaller increases in body mass index compared with the control group. But by the end of the second year, \"there was no difference between groups,\" Johnston says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnston says the point he wants to make is that sugar intake is not the only factor related to obesity and Type 2 diabetes. \"It's one factor among many,\" Johnston says. He says scientists should not put \"ourselves into an ideological framework where we think that sugar is \u003cem>the\u003c/em> scapegoat for the rise in obesity and diabetes.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The concern among public health experts is that this position — and this new paper published in \u003cem>Annals\u003c/em> — could be used as a justification for questioning the dietary guidelines for sugar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The big picture here is we're talking about a fundamentally threatening [Type 2] diabetes epidemic,\" Schillinger told us. \"Fourteen percent of Americans — that's 1 in 7 adults — have diabetes.\" And he says questioning the science behind specific recommendations should not distract from the effort to nudge people to consume less sugar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schillinger says this study and other industry efforts around sugar remind him of tactics used by Big Tobacco. \"This is very reminiscent of what tobacco did around secondhand smoke,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When studies showed harm related to secondhand smoke, \"the [industry] called that science junk science. It was really an attempt to undermine the scientific process and create additional doubt in the general public,\" Schillinger says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/114186/how-much-is-too-much-new-study-casts-doubts-on-sugar-guidelines","authors":["byline_bayareabites_114186"],"categories":["bayareabites_10028","bayareabites_1245","bayareabites_358"],"tags":["bayareabites_511","bayareabites_8913","bayareabites_14185"],"featImg":"bayareabites_114187","label":"source_bayareabites_114186"},"bayareabites_113634":{"type":"posts","id":"bayareabites_113634","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"bayareabites","id":"113634","score":null,"sort":[1479081538000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"carrageenan-is-everywhere-is-it-safe","title":"Carrageenan is Everywhere. Is It Safe?","publishDate":1479081538,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Bay Area Bites | KQED Food","labelTerm":{"site":"bayareabites"},"content":"\u003cp>You probably don’t cook with it at home, but the odds are good that you’re eating carrageenan. Made from seaweed, carrageenan is used as a thickener, stabilizer, and emulsifying agent to keep the ingredients in many soft, creamy, and liquid products from separating. (Think: nondairy milks, salad dressing, ice cream, cottage cheese, sour cream, chocolate milk, etc.). Food manufacturers also say it helps increase \u003ca href=\"http://www.foodsciencematters.com/carrageenan/?gclid=CMmhv4rDjdACFQqPfgodO3UD6Q\">shelf-life\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, after years of debate about the health risks associated with the additive, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) will soon decide whether to continue allowing carrageenan in organic food. In fact, it will be a hot topic when the agency’s National Organic Standards Board (NOSB) \u003ca href=\"https://www.ams.usda.gov/event/nosb-fall-2016-meeting-st-louis-mo\">meets in St. Louis later this month\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not surprisingly, \u003ca href=\"http://www.foodsciencematters.com/carrageenan/?gclid=CLb_o7GkktACFUVffgodWlAEsg\">the companies\u003c/a> that make and use carrageenan say it’s safe. But many \u003ca href=\"https://www.cornucopia.org/carrageenan-how-a-natural-food-additive-is-making-us-sick/\">food safety advocates\u003c/a> say the science on carrageenan’s potential to cause \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1242073/\">gastrointestinal inflammation\u003c/a> and other adverse heath effects raises serious concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carageenan is made from \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polysaccharide\">polysaccharides\u003c/a> that are extracted from red seaweed. But what ends up in processed food doesn’t resemble seaweed as it’s found on the beach. For this reason, says Cameron Harsh, \u003ca href=\"http://www.centerforfoodsafety.org/\">Center for Food Safety\u003c/a> senior manager for organic and animal policy, “It has always been a very controversial ingredient in organic food.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Synthetics in Organic Food?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.foodsciencematters.com/carrageenan/?gclid=CMmhv4rDjdACFQqPfgodO3UD6Q\">Food Science Matters\u003c/a>—a website maintained by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fmc.com/\">FMC Corporation\u003c/a>, a specialty chemical company whose products include carrageenan—says the carrageenan production process is “so simple that you could actually do it in your own kitchen.” And it says, “families in Ireland used to do so hundreds of years ago.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But according to major carrageenan supplier \u003ca href=\"http://www.cargillfoods.com/na/en/products/hydrocolloids/carrageenan/manufacturing-process/index.jsp\">Cargill\u003c/a>, industrial carrageen production is a complex, multistep process. And as the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fao.org/docrep/006/y4765e/y4765e0a.htm\">United Nations’ Food and Agricultural Organization \u003c/a>(FAO) explains, carrageenan extraction typically involves chemical solutions, before the product is washed, dried, and milled into a powder. And today, most seaweed harvested for carrageenan is cultivated in the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fao.org/docrep/006/y4765e/y4765e09.htm\">Philippines, Indonesia\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://marinalg.org/news-resources/resources/how-is-carrageenan-made/\">East Africa\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.usda.gov/2012/01/25/organic-101-allowed-and-prohibited-substances/\">synthetic ingredients\u003c/a> are generally prohibited in organics, the USDA has approved some for use in certified organic food. These have been determined by a NOSB review process. If approved, these ingredients can remain in use for five years before they must be reevaluated. Carrageenan—first approved by the NOSB in the 1990s—is up for review this year. If not reapproved, it would have to be removed from all organic food in 2018. The NOSB evaluation, Harsh explained, includes determining “that a substance doesn’t negatively impact human health and the environment, and is essential to products.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cornucopia.org/carrageenan-how-a-natural-food-additive-is-making-us-sick/\">The Cornucopia Institute\u003c/a>, a vocal opponent of carrageenan’s use in food, argues that it’s “non-essential,” and has pointed out in comments submitted to USDA that many alternatives exist. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.ota.com/\">Organic Trade Association\u003c/a> (OTA) explained in a statement that the “organic industry has been working hard to find alternatives to carrageenan and to … reformulate and phase out the use of carrageenan.” Indeed, a survey of supermarket shelves suggests that many products contain stabilizers and emulsifiers other than carrageenan, including \u003ca href=\"http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/xanthan%20gum\">xanthan gum\u003c/a> and soy \u003ca href=\"http://www.dictionary.com/browse/lecithin\">lecithin\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this entire class of additives is raising health effects questions. Scientists studying \u003ca href=\"http://civileats.com/2015/02/25/how-emulsifiers-are-messing-with-our-guts-and-making-us-fat/\">other emulsifiers\u003c/a> used in processed food have found evidence that they may be \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v519/n7541/full/nature14232.html\">interfering with gut microbes\u003c/a> in ways that promote inflammation and conditions similar to those other research has linked to carrageenan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Is it Safe?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is a range of perspectives on carrageenan’s potential adverse health effects. But understanding precisely why some groups say people might want to avoid carrageenan requires some patience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To begin, what’s referred to as “food-grade” carrageenan is also sometimes called “undegraded” carrageenan. On its own, this is generally considered safe by groups that include the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, and the World Health Organization (WHO). But, as a result of manufacturing, the carrageenan used by food manufacturers \u003ca href=\"https://books.google.com/books?id=19mM4xtgfOMC&pg=PA58&lpg=PA58&dq=FDA,+restrictions+on+degraded+carrageenan&source=bl&ots=MtI6IAGYEx&sig=REdNbl0Xm9AOF9ceQJuze_tMSqk&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiAqsP055TQAhUCw2MKHfO-CeMQ6AEIPTAF#v=onepage&q=FDA%2C%20restrictions%20on%20degraded%20carrageenan&f=false\">often includes\u003c/a> some “degraded” carrageenan—which is of smaller molecular size and weight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Degraded carrageenan is what prompts the most concern. Animal studies have linked it to \u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/mnfr.201600545/full\">GI inflammation\u003c/a>, and conditions like \u003ca href=\"https://www.researchgate.net/publication/11677987_Review_of_Harmful_Gastrointestinal_Effects_of_Carrageenan_in_Animal_Experiments\">colitis\u003c/a>, as well as to intestinal tumors in laboratory mice. The WHO’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.inchem.org/documents/iarc/vol31/carrageenan.html\">International Agency for Research on Cancer\u003c/a> says degraded carrageenan is “\u003ca href=\"http://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Classification/\">possibly carcinogenic\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are also questions about whether undegraded carrageenan \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1242073/\">might break down\u003c/a> in the human digestive system into the potentially harmful smaller molecules. “In acidic conditions, like in the human stomach, carrageenan does break down into smaller pieces,” said \u003ca href=\"http://consumersunion.org/\">Consumers Union\u003c/a> senior staff scientist Michael Hansen. Hansen also pointed to studies that have linked carrageenan to \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22011715\">insulin resistance\u003c/a>, a hallmark of diabetes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, \u003ca href=\"http://marinalg.org/about-us/\">Marinalg\u003c/a>, the trade association representing the \u003ca href=\"http://marinalg.org/our-members/\">seaweed processing industry\u003c/a>, questions such studies. Marinalg says these studies are not replicable, and instead points to \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17034924\">others\u003c/a> showing carrageenan’s lack of toxicity, including \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691516302265\">one\u003c/a> published in August (funded by FMC and the \u003ca href=\"http://foodingredientfacts.org/\">International Food Additives Counci\u003c/a>l), which found carrageenan exposure produced \u003ca href=\"http://marinalg.org/new-study-proves-no-adverse-effects-of-carrageenan-in-human-cells/\">no adverse effects\u003c/a> on human cells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lisa Lefferts, a senior scientist for Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI), acknowledges that carrageenan safety is not a black and white issue. “We had a lot of internal debate about this compound,” she explained. Yet, she said, “It’s a complex material and there are questions about how much is broken down,” and how much exposure there is to the degraded form.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hansen is more emphatic. “There’s enough data on the health side to raise questions about its use in conventional food. But organic food is supposed to have a higher bar,” he said. And he added, “The only reason [USDA] is allowing it is so it can be put into processed foods.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Alternatives\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The NOSB says that \u003ca href=\"https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/AllProposals%2BTOCNov2016.pdf\">its review\u003c/a> of the “scientific evidence does not support claims of widespread negative human health impacts” from consuming carrageenan in processed foods. Some people may be sensitive to carrageenan, says the NOSB, “but even that is not entirely clear.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet the NOSB also acknowledges that \u003ca href=\"https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/AllProposals%2BTOCNov2016.pdf\">consumer demand\u003c/a> has already led to carrageenan’s removal from various products and that food manufacturers could replace the additive if necessary. Based on the availability of alternatives, NOSB subcommittee members considering carrageenan are recommending that the additive be removed from the list of synthetics allowed in USDA certified organic food. But whether that will happen remains to be seen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Faced with conflicting evidence, many food manufacturers and consumers may opt to follow CSPI’s recommendation, which is to approach carrageenan with \u003ca href=\"https://cspinet.org/eating-healthy/chemical-cuisine\">caution\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The NOSB meeting is open to the public and will be held on November 16 – 18. USDA will post a transcript after the meeting. Twitter users can follow along with the hashtag #NOSB.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The debate heats up over the additive derived from seaweed.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1480466002,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":25,"wordCount":1170},"headData":{"title":"Carrageenan is Everywhere. Is It Safe? | KQED","description":"The debate heats up over the additive derived from seaweed.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"113634 http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=113634","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2016/11/13/carrageenan-is-everywhere-is-it-safe/","disqusTitle":"Carrageenan is Everywhere. Is It Safe?","nprByline":"Elizabeth Grossman, \u003ca href=\"http://civileats.com/2016/11/08/carrageenan-is-everywhere-is-it-safe/\">Civil Eats\u003c/a>","path":"/bayareabites/113634/carrageenan-is-everywhere-is-it-safe","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>You probably don’t cook with it at home, but the odds are good that you’re eating carrageenan. Made from seaweed, carrageenan is used as a thickener, stabilizer, and emulsifying agent to keep the ingredients in many soft, creamy, and liquid products from separating. (Think: nondairy milks, salad dressing, ice cream, cottage cheese, sour cream, chocolate milk, etc.). Food manufacturers also say it helps increase \u003ca href=\"http://www.foodsciencematters.com/carrageenan/?gclid=CMmhv4rDjdACFQqPfgodO3UD6Q\">shelf-life\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, after years of debate about the health risks associated with the additive, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) will soon decide whether to continue allowing carrageenan in organic food. In fact, it will be a hot topic when the agency’s National Organic Standards Board (NOSB) \u003ca href=\"https://www.ams.usda.gov/event/nosb-fall-2016-meeting-st-louis-mo\">meets in St. Louis later this month\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not surprisingly, \u003ca href=\"http://www.foodsciencematters.com/carrageenan/?gclid=CLb_o7GkktACFUVffgodWlAEsg\">the companies\u003c/a> that make and use carrageenan say it’s safe. But many \u003ca href=\"https://www.cornucopia.org/carrageenan-how-a-natural-food-additive-is-making-us-sick/\">food safety advocates\u003c/a> say the science on carrageenan’s potential to cause \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1242073/\">gastrointestinal inflammation\u003c/a> and other adverse heath effects raises serious concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carageenan is made from \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polysaccharide\">polysaccharides\u003c/a> that are extracted from red seaweed. But what ends up in processed food doesn’t resemble seaweed as it’s found on the beach. For this reason, says Cameron Harsh, \u003ca href=\"http://www.centerforfoodsafety.org/\">Center for Food Safety\u003c/a> senior manager for organic and animal policy, “It has always been a very controversial ingredient in organic food.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Synthetics in Organic Food?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.foodsciencematters.com/carrageenan/?gclid=CMmhv4rDjdACFQqPfgodO3UD6Q\">Food Science Matters\u003c/a>—a website maintained by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fmc.com/\">FMC Corporation\u003c/a>, a specialty chemical company whose products include carrageenan—says the carrageenan production process is “so simple that you could actually do it in your own kitchen.” And it says, “families in Ireland used to do so hundreds of years ago.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But according to major carrageenan supplier \u003ca href=\"http://www.cargillfoods.com/na/en/products/hydrocolloids/carrageenan/manufacturing-process/index.jsp\">Cargill\u003c/a>, industrial carrageen production is a complex, multistep process. And as the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fao.org/docrep/006/y4765e/y4765e0a.htm\">United Nations’ Food and Agricultural Organization \u003c/a>(FAO) explains, carrageenan extraction typically involves chemical solutions, before the product is washed, dried, and milled into a powder. And today, most seaweed harvested for carrageenan is cultivated in the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fao.org/docrep/006/y4765e/y4765e09.htm\">Philippines, Indonesia\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://marinalg.org/news-resources/resources/how-is-carrageenan-made/\">East Africa\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.usda.gov/2012/01/25/organic-101-allowed-and-prohibited-substances/\">synthetic ingredients\u003c/a> are generally prohibited in organics, the USDA has approved some for use in certified organic food. These have been determined by a NOSB review process. If approved, these ingredients can remain in use for five years before they must be reevaluated. Carrageenan—first approved by the NOSB in the 1990s—is up for review this year. If not reapproved, it would have to be removed from all organic food in 2018. The NOSB evaluation, Harsh explained, includes determining “that a substance doesn’t negatively impact human health and the environment, and is essential to products.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cornucopia.org/carrageenan-how-a-natural-food-additive-is-making-us-sick/\">The Cornucopia Institute\u003c/a>, a vocal opponent of carrageenan’s use in food, argues that it’s “non-essential,” and has pointed out in comments submitted to USDA that many alternatives exist. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.ota.com/\">Organic Trade Association\u003c/a> (OTA) explained in a statement that the “organic industry has been working hard to find alternatives to carrageenan and to … reformulate and phase out the use of carrageenan.” Indeed, a survey of supermarket shelves suggests that many products contain stabilizers and emulsifiers other than carrageenan, including \u003ca href=\"http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/xanthan%20gum\">xanthan gum\u003c/a> and soy \u003ca href=\"http://www.dictionary.com/browse/lecithin\">lecithin\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this entire class of additives is raising health effects questions. Scientists studying \u003ca href=\"http://civileats.com/2015/02/25/how-emulsifiers-are-messing-with-our-guts-and-making-us-fat/\">other emulsifiers\u003c/a> used in processed food have found evidence that they may be \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v519/n7541/full/nature14232.html\">interfering with gut microbes\u003c/a> in ways that promote inflammation and conditions similar to those other research has linked to carrageenan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Is it Safe?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is a range of perspectives on carrageenan’s potential adverse health effects. But understanding precisely why some groups say people might want to avoid carrageenan requires some patience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To begin, what’s referred to as “food-grade” carrageenan is also sometimes called “undegraded” carrageenan. On its own, this is generally considered safe by groups that include the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, and the World Health Organization (WHO). But, as a result of manufacturing, the carrageenan used by food manufacturers \u003ca href=\"https://books.google.com/books?id=19mM4xtgfOMC&pg=PA58&lpg=PA58&dq=FDA,+restrictions+on+degraded+carrageenan&source=bl&ots=MtI6IAGYEx&sig=REdNbl0Xm9AOF9ceQJuze_tMSqk&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiAqsP055TQAhUCw2MKHfO-CeMQ6AEIPTAF#v=onepage&q=FDA%2C%20restrictions%20on%20degraded%20carrageenan&f=false\">often includes\u003c/a> some “degraded” carrageenan—which is of smaller molecular size and weight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Degraded carrageenan is what prompts the most concern. Animal studies have linked it to \u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/mnfr.201600545/full\">GI inflammation\u003c/a>, and conditions like \u003ca href=\"https://www.researchgate.net/publication/11677987_Review_of_Harmful_Gastrointestinal_Effects_of_Carrageenan_in_Animal_Experiments\">colitis\u003c/a>, as well as to intestinal tumors in laboratory mice. The WHO’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.inchem.org/documents/iarc/vol31/carrageenan.html\">International Agency for Research on Cancer\u003c/a> says degraded carrageenan is “\u003ca href=\"http://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Classification/\">possibly carcinogenic\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are also questions about whether undegraded carrageenan \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1242073/\">might break down\u003c/a> in the human digestive system into the potentially harmful smaller molecules. “In acidic conditions, like in the human stomach, carrageenan does break down into smaller pieces,” said \u003ca href=\"http://consumersunion.org/\">Consumers Union\u003c/a> senior staff scientist Michael Hansen. Hansen also pointed to studies that have linked carrageenan to \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22011715\">insulin resistance\u003c/a>, a hallmark of diabetes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, \u003ca href=\"http://marinalg.org/about-us/\">Marinalg\u003c/a>, the trade association representing the \u003ca href=\"http://marinalg.org/our-members/\">seaweed processing industry\u003c/a>, questions such studies. Marinalg says these studies are not replicable, and instead points to \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17034924\">others\u003c/a> showing carrageenan’s lack of toxicity, including \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691516302265\">one\u003c/a> published in August (funded by FMC and the \u003ca href=\"http://foodingredientfacts.org/\">International Food Additives Counci\u003c/a>l), which found carrageenan exposure produced \u003ca href=\"http://marinalg.org/new-study-proves-no-adverse-effects-of-carrageenan-in-human-cells/\">no adverse effects\u003c/a> on human cells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lisa Lefferts, a senior scientist for Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI), acknowledges that carrageenan safety is not a black and white issue. “We had a lot of internal debate about this compound,” she explained. Yet, she said, “It’s a complex material and there are questions about how much is broken down,” and how much exposure there is to the degraded form.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hansen is more emphatic. “There’s enough data on the health side to raise questions about its use in conventional food. But organic food is supposed to have a higher bar,” he said. And he added, “The only reason [USDA] is allowing it is so it can be put into processed foods.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Alternatives\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The NOSB says that \u003ca href=\"https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/AllProposals%2BTOCNov2016.pdf\">its review\u003c/a> of the “scientific evidence does not support claims of widespread negative human health impacts” from consuming carrageenan in processed foods. Some people may be sensitive to carrageenan, says the NOSB, “but even that is not entirely clear.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet the NOSB also acknowledges that \u003ca href=\"https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/AllProposals%2BTOCNov2016.pdf\">consumer demand\u003c/a> has already led to carrageenan’s removal from various products and that food manufacturers could replace the additive if necessary. Based on the availability of alternatives, NOSB subcommittee members considering carrageenan are recommending that the additive be removed from the list of synthetics allowed in USDA certified organic food. But whether that will happen remains to be seen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Faced with conflicting evidence, many food manufacturers and consumers may opt to follow CSPI’s recommendation, which is to approach carrageenan with \u003ca href=\"https://cspinet.org/eating-healthy/chemical-cuisine\">caution\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The NOSB meeting is open to the public and will be held on November 16 – 18. USDA will post a transcript after the meeting. Twitter users can follow along with the hashtag #NOSB.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/113634/carrageenan-is-everywhere-is-it-safe","authors":["byline_bayareabites_113634"],"categories":["bayareabites_13718","bayareabites_1245","bayareabites_12555","bayareabites_2035"],"tags":["bayareabites_15680","bayareabites_2608","bayareabites_8840","bayareabites_8913","bayareabites_14185"],"featImg":"bayareabites_113635","label":"bayareabites"},"bayareabites_111992":{"type":"posts","id":"bayareabites_111992","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"bayareabites","id":"111992","score":null,"sort":[1473350726000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"number-of-hungry-u-s-kids-drops-to-lowest-level-since-before-great-recession","title":"Number Of Hungry U.S. Kids Drops To Lowest Level Since Before Great Recession","publishDate":1473350726,"format":"audio","headTitle":"Bay Area Bites | KQED Food","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the story on All Things Considered:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nhttps://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2016/09/20160907_atc_department_of_agriculture_report_finds_major_drop_in_us_hunger.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's rare to get good news when it comes to hunger. But the government says there was a big drop last year in the number of people in the country struggling to get enough to eat, especially children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overall, 15.8 million U.S. households, or 12.7 percent, experienced what the government calls \"food insecurity\" at some point during 2015. That's compared to about 17.4 million households — or 14 percent — in 2014, according to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/err-economic-research-report/err215.aspx\">new report\u003c/a> by the Department of Agriculture's Economic Research Service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When a family is \"food insecure,\" that means they have a difficult time getting enough to eat, or the right kinds of food to eat, because they lack money or other resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The percentage of families that faced actual hunger — or \"very low food security\" — also declined. In 2015, at least some members of about 6.3 million households missed meals or experienced hunger. In 2014, about 6.9 million households had very low food security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of the time, these families shield children from hunger. The adults will go without meals so the kids can eat. Still, the government says there were about 274,000 households in 2015 in which children went hungry at some point during the year. As bad as that was, it was the lowest level since before the Great Recession and a big decline from 2014 — when 422,000 families reported that their children went hungry at some point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These numbers are great,\" says Duke Storen, senior director at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nokidhungry.org/\">No Kid Hungry\u003c/a> campaign, a national nonprofit effort to reduce childhood hunger. Storen says he wasn't surprised by the decline because the economy has been improving, but he thinks there are other reasons as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're seeing more children participating in the programs that are available to them, like school breakfast,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indeed, the Agriculture Department credits food aid, such as free or reduced-price\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>school meals and SNAP, the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (formerly known as food stamps), for keeping more people from going hungry. About 59 percent of food-insecure families said they received some government food assistance in the month before they were surveyed last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overall, the government found that hunger and food insecurity declined in just about every category — in black families and Hispanic families, in families with children and in those without. Even so, those on the front lines say they're seeing some pockets of growing need.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You know, we're not stepping back and saying we don't need as much food because, honestly, I think that our numbers sometimes fluctuate. And I think when we average them together for the year, we'll see a steady number of individuals that we're serving,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.netfoodbank.org/AboutUs/ExecutiveDirector.aspx\">Rhonda Chafin\u003c/a>, executive director of Second Harvest Food Bank of Northeast Tennessee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chafin thinks one reason that demand is growing for some of her group's programs is that unemployment in her rural area has recently gone up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, anti-hunger advocates are encouraged that the new numbers show the biggest one-year improvement in reducing food insecurity since the Great Recession.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003cem>Copyright 2016 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The government says there was a big drop last year in the number of Americans struggling to get enough to eat, especially children. The USDA credits food aid like the school lunch program and SNAP.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1473354634,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":16,"wordCount":555},"headData":{"title":"Number Of Hungry U.S. Kids Drops To Lowest Level Since Before Great Recession | KQED","description":"The government says there was a big drop last year in the number of Americans struggling to get enough to eat, especially children. The USDA credits food aid like the school lunch program and SNAP.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"111992 http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=111992","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2016/09/08/number-of-hungry-u-s-kids-drops-to-lowest-level-since-before-great-recession/","disqusTitle":"Number Of Hungry U.S. Kids Drops To Lowest Level Since Before Great Recession","source":"Food Banks, Hunger, Volunteer","sourceUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/category/food-banks-hunger-volunteer/","nprImageCredit":"Jae C. Hong","nprByline":"Pam Fessler, NPR Food","nprImageAgency":"AP","nprStoryId":"493010010","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=493010010&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2016/09/07/493010010/number-of-hungry-u-s-kids-drops-to-lowest-level-since-great-recession?ft=nprml&f=493010010","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Wed, 07 Sep 2016 19:17:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Wed, 07 Sep 2016 16:37:00 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Wed, 07 Sep 2016 17:24:36 -0400","nprAudio":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2016/09/20160907_atc_department_of_agriculture_report_finds_major_drop_in_us_hunger.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1030&d=119&p=2&story=493010010&t=progseg&e=492931559&seg=9&ft=nprml&f=493010010","nprAudioM3u":"http://api.npr.org/m3u/1493010011-fd2e31.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1030&d=119&p=2&story=493010010&t=progseg&e=492931559&seg=9&ft=nprml&f=493010010","path":"/bayareabites/111992/number-of-hungry-u-s-kids-drops-to-lowest-level-since-before-great-recession","audioUrl":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2016/09/20160907_atc_department_of_agriculture_report_finds_major_drop_in_us_hunger.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1030&d=119&p=2&story=493010010&t=progseg&e=492931559&seg=9&ft=nprml&f=493010010","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the story on All Things Considered:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"nprOneAudioLink","attributes":{"named":{"src":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2016/09/20160907_atc_department_of_agriculture_report_finds_major_drop_in_us_hunger.mp3"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's rare to get good news when it comes to hunger. But the government says there was a big drop last year in the number of people in the country struggling to get enough to eat, especially children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overall, 15.8 million U.S. households, or 12.7 percent, experienced what the government calls \"food insecurity\" at some point during 2015. That's compared to about 17.4 million households — or 14 percent — in 2014, according to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/err-economic-research-report/err215.aspx\">new report\u003c/a> by the Department of Agriculture's Economic Research Service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When a family is \"food insecure,\" that means they have a difficult time getting enough to eat, or the right kinds of food to eat, because they lack money or other resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The percentage of families that faced actual hunger — or \"very low food security\" — also declined. In 2015, at least some members of about 6.3 million households missed meals or experienced hunger. In 2014, about 6.9 million households had very low food security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of the time, these families shield children from hunger. The adults will go without meals so the kids can eat. Still, the government says there were about 274,000 households in 2015 in which children went hungry at some point during the year. As bad as that was, it was the lowest level since before the Great Recession and a big decline from 2014 — when 422,000 families reported that their children went hungry at some point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These numbers are great,\" says Duke Storen, senior director at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nokidhungry.org/\">No Kid Hungry\u003c/a> campaign, a national nonprofit effort to reduce childhood hunger. Storen says he wasn't surprised by the decline because the economy has been improving, but he thinks there are other reasons as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're seeing more children participating in the programs that are available to them, like school breakfast,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indeed, the Agriculture Department credits food aid, such as free or reduced-price\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>school meals and SNAP, the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (formerly known as food stamps), for keeping more people from going hungry. About 59 percent of food-insecure families said they received some government food assistance in the month before they were surveyed last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overall, the government found that hunger and food insecurity declined in just about every category — in black families and Hispanic families, in families with children and in those without. Even so, those on the front lines say they're seeing some pockets of growing need.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You know, we're not stepping back and saying we don't need as much food because, honestly, I think that our numbers sometimes fluctuate. And I think when we average them together for the year, we'll see a steady number of individuals that we're serving,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.netfoodbank.org/AboutUs/ExecutiveDirector.aspx\">Rhonda Chafin\u003c/a>, executive director of Second Harvest Food Bank of Northeast Tennessee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chafin thinks one reason that demand is growing for some of her group's programs is that unemployment in her rural area has recently gone up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, anti-hunger advocates are encouraged that the new numbers show the biggest one-year improvement in reducing food insecurity since the Great Recession.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003cem>Copyright 2016 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/111992/number-of-hungry-u-s-kids-drops-to-lowest-level-since-before-great-recession","authors":["byline_bayareabites_111992"],"categories":["bayareabites_3032","bayareabites_10028","bayareabites_1245","bayareabites_1246"],"tags":["bayareabites_450","bayareabites_11838","bayareabites_8913"],"featImg":"bayareabites_111993","label":"source_bayareabites_111992"},"bayareabites_107373":{"type":"posts","id":"bayareabites_107373","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"bayareabites","id":"107373","score":null,"sort":[1457129737000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"how-free-are-usda-scientists-to-speak-their-mind","title":"How Free Are USDA Scientists To Speak Their Mind?","publishDate":1457129737,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Bay Area Bites | KQED Food","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>For the past several years, a scientist in Brookings, S.D., has been engaged in an escalating struggle with his employer, the USDA's Agricultural Research Service. The scientist, Jonathan Lundgren, says that he has been persecuted because his research points out problems — including \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2015/11/24/457130929/as-beekeepers-lose-more-hives-time-for-new-rules-on-pesticides\">harm to bees\u003c/a> — with a popular class of pesticides called neonicotinoids. The USDA, for its part, accuses the scientist of various professional misdeeds, including insubordination and sexual harassment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's often difficult to get to the full truth of such whistleblower cases, which is perhaps the reason this one hasn't received more attention. So \u003cem>The Washington Post\u003c/em> and freelance reporter Steve Volk deserve credit for their \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/magazine/was-a-usda-scientist-muzzled-because-of-his-bee-research/2016/03/02/462720b6-c9fb-11e5-a7b2-5a2f824b02c9_story.html\">investigation\u003c/a> into the case, featured this week in the \u003cem>Post\u003c/em>'s Sunday\u003cem> Magazine.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I won't go through the whole article here; read it yourself. Perhaps the most striking anecdote in it has nothing to do with Lundgren. It describes the experience of the USDA's former head of bee research, Jeff Pettis, while testifying before a congressional committee about the causes of honeybee declines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hearing, as Pettis describes it, was stacked with witnesses who downplayed the impact of pesticides on bees. Pettis was asked to talk about another cause of the bees' problems, a pest called the varroa mite. Pettis did, however, bring up the dangers of pesticides. When the hearing was over, the committee chairman, Republican Rep. Austin Scott of Georgia, told Pettis that he had not \"followed the script.\" Pettis, who has since been relieved of his management responsibilities, confirmed to The Salt that he was quoted accurately by the \u003cem>Post.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The incident suggests that some members of Congress, at least, expect USDA researchers to follow a script.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lundgren's main offense, it appears, was also in some sense going off-script. He stepped beyond the gathering and publishing of data into the realm of opinion and policy. He talked publicly about the environmental dangers of common agricultural practices and about ways to change what farmers do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among scientists, ARS researchers have a reputation for being extremely cautious. The Lundgren case, if it helps explain some of the caution, raises an uncomfortable possibility for the USDA: Perhaps this caution is born of fear. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2016 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Jonathan Lundgren's research pointed out problems with popular pesticides. He says that message — and the messenger — are unwelcome at the USDA's Agricultural Research Service.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1457130297,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":10,"wordCount":375},"headData":{"title":"How Free Are USDA Scientists To Speak Their Mind? | KQED","description":"Jonathan Lundgren's research pointed out problems with popular pesticides. He says that message — and the messenger — are unwelcome at the USDA's Agricultural Research Service.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"107373 http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=107373","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2016/03/04/how-free-are-usda-scientists-to-speak-their-mind/","disqusTitle":"How Free Are USDA Scientists To Speak Their Mind?","source":"Politics, Activism & Food Safety","sourceUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/category/politics-activism-food-safety/","nprByline":"Dan Charles, \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/author/nprfood/\">NPR Food\u003c/a>","nprImageAgency":"iStockphoto","nprStoryId":"469186025","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=469186025&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2016/03/04/469186025/how-free-are-usda-scientists-to-speak-their-mind?ft=nprml&f=469186025","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Fri, 04 Mar 2016 16:44:00 -0500","nprStoryDate":"Fri, 04 Mar 2016 13:53:00 -0500","nprLastModifiedDate":"Fri, 04 Mar 2016 16:44:55 -0500","path":"/bayareabites/107373/how-free-are-usda-scientists-to-speak-their-mind","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>For the past several years, a scientist in Brookings, S.D., has been engaged in an escalating struggle with his employer, the USDA's Agricultural Research Service. The scientist, Jonathan Lundgren, says that he has been persecuted because his research points out problems — including \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2015/11/24/457130929/as-beekeepers-lose-more-hives-time-for-new-rules-on-pesticides\">harm to bees\u003c/a> — with a popular class of pesticides called neonicotinoids. The USDA, for its part, accuses the scientist of various professional misdeeds, including insubordination and sexual harassment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's often difficult to get to the full truth of such whistleblower cases, which is perhaps the reason this one hasn't received more attention. So \u003cem>The Washington Post\u003c/em> and freelance reporter Steve Volk deserve credit for their \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/magazine/was-a-usda-scientist-muzzled-because-of-his-bee-research/2016/03/02/462720b6-c9fb-11e5-a7b2-5a2f824b02c9_story.html\">investigation\u003c/a> into the case, featured this week in the \u003cem>Post\u003c/em>'s Sunday\u003cem> Magazine.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I won't go through the whole article here; read it yourself. Perhaps the most striking anecdote in it has nothing to do with Lundgren. It describes the experience of the USDA's former head of bee research, Jeff Pettis, while testifying before a congressional committee about the causes of honeybee declines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hearing, as Pettis describes it, was stacked with witnesses who downplayed the impact of pesticides on bees. Pettis was asked to talk about another cause of the bees' problems, a pest called the varroa mite. Pettis did, however, bring up the dangers of pesticides. When the hearing was over, the committee chairman, Republican Rep. Austin Scott of Georgia, told Pettis that he had not \"followed the script.\" Pettis, who has since been relieved of his management responsibilities, confirmed to The Salt that he was quoted accurately by the \u003cem>Post.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The incident suggests that some members of Congress, at least, expect USDA researchers to follow a script.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lundgren's main offense, it appears, was also in some sense going off-script. He stepped beyond the gathering and publishing of data into the realm of opinion and policy. He talked publicly about the environmental dangers of common agricultural practices and about ways to change what farmers do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among scientists, ARS researchers have a reputation for being extremely cautious. The Lundgren case, if it helps explain some of the caution, raises an uncomfortable possibility for the USDA: Perhaps this caution is born of fear. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2016 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/107373/how-free-are-usda-scientists-to-speak-their-mind","authors":["byline_bayareabites_107373"],"categories":["bayareabites_10028","bayareabites_2035","bayareabites_358"],"tags":["bayareabites_875","bayareabites_11446","bayareabites_11445","bayareabites_8913"],"featImg":"bayareabites_107374","label":"source_bayareabites_107373"},"bayareabites_107362":{"type":"posts","id":"bayareabites_107362","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"bayareabites","id":"107362","score":null,"sort":[1457050494000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"the-snap-gap-benefits-arent-enough-to-keep-many-recipients-fed","title":"The SNAP Gap: Benefits Aren't Enough To Keep Many Recipients Fed","publishDate":1457050494,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Bay Area Bites | KQED Food","labelTerm":{"site":"bayareabites"},"content":"\u003cp>Nearly one-third of households on SNAP, formerly known as food stamps, still have to visit a food pantry to keep themselves fed, according to\u003ca href=\"http://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/chart-gallery/detail.aspx?chartId=56777&ref=collection\"> data highlighted this week\u003c/a> by the U.S. Department of Agriculture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2014, the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program supported 23\u003ca href=\"http://www.fns.usda.gov/pd/supplemental-nutrition-assistance-program-snap\"> million American\u003c/a> households. The same year, \u003ca href=\"http://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/ap-administrative-publication/ap069.aspx\">32 percent of all households\u003c/a> who received SNAP in the previous 30 days reported they had visited a food pantry, the USDA says. And 23 percent of households using the Women, Infants and Children program visited a pantry that year, as had 23 percent of households receiving free or reduced-price school lunch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Generally, we believe that people aren't going to go to pantries if they don't need the food,\" says Alisha Coleman-Jensen, an economist at the USDA's Economic Research Service and a specialist in food insecurity. \"I think you can read into [the new data] that SNAP benefits aren't going far enough to cover all of their food expenses.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That lines up with other research suggesting that SNAP benefits rarely sustain families throughout an entire month. A 2013 \u003ca href=\"http://www.fns.usda.gov/sites/default/files/SNAPFoodSec.pdf\">qualitative study of 3,300 SNAP households\u003c/a> by the USDA's Food and Nutrition Service found that \"SNAP households experience ... financial strain that is eased but not alleviated by participation in the SNAP program.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indeed, that study found that many SNAP clients — about 45 percent — limited food consumption, usually by skipping meals, to make it through the month. \u003ca href=\"http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/33/1/116.abstract\">Other research\u003c/a> has shown that hospital admissions for hypoglycemia —low blood sugar, a condition that can be treated with a healthful diet — spike by 27 percent for low-income households during that last week of the month, while high-income households show no similar trend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://https/apha.confex.com/apha/143am/webprogram/Paper328522.html\">forthcoming study\u003c/a> from University of Pennsylvania researchers bears out this shortfall in cold dollars and cents. Spending among 700 SNAP customers in Chester, Pa., dropped by 72 percent between the first week of the month and the last, says \u003ca href=\"Eliza%20Whiteman\">Eliza Whiteman\u003c/a>, one of the study's authors. And while Whiteman cautions that the study sample was small, making extrapolation dicey, she wonders whether making SNAP distribution more frequent — biweekly or weekly, for example, rather than monthly — might \"smooth out\" the gaps in people's diets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, the core finding seemed to echo what Coleman-Jensen at USDA found. \"It definitely points at the potential that SNAP benefits aren't sufficient,\" says Whiteman.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Tracie McMillan is the author of\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"http://www.americanwayofeating.com/\">The American Way of Eating\u003c/a>,\u003cem>a\u003c/em> New York Times\u003cem> best-seller, and a senior fellow at the Schuster Institute for Investigative Journalism at Brandeis University. You can follow her on Twitter @tmmcmillan.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2016 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"About 23 million American households rely on SNAP, formerly known as food stamps. But nearly one-third of them still have to visit a food pantry to keep themselves fed, according to USDA data.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1457050494,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":11,"wordCount":450},"headData":{"title":"The SNAP Gap: Benefits Aren't Enough To Keep Many Recipients Fed | KQED","description":"About 23 million American households rely on SNAP, formerly known as food stamps. But nearly one-third of them still have to visit a food pantry to keep themselves fed, according to USDA data.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"107362 http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=107362","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2016/03/03/the-snap-gap-benefits-arent-enough-to-keep-many-recipients-fed/","disqusTitle":"The SNAP Gap: Benefits Aren't Enough To Keep Many Recipients Fed","nprImageCredit":"Luke Sharrett","nprByline":"Tracie McMillan, \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/author/nprfood/\">NPR Food\u003c/a>","nprImageAgency":"Bloomberg via Getty Images","nprStoryId":"468955099","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=468955099&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2016/03/03/468955099/the-snap-gap-benefits-arent-enough-to-keep-many-recipients-fed?ft=nprml&f=468955099","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Thu, 03 Mar 2016 18:46:00 -0500","nprStoryDate":"Thu, 03 Mar 2016 12:57:00 -0500","nprLastModifiedDate":"Thu, 03 Mar 2016 18:46:24 -0500","path":"/bayareabites/107362/the-snap-gap-benefits-arent-enough-to-keep-many-recipients-fed","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Nearly one-third of households on SNAP, formerly known as food stamps, still have to visit a food pantry to keep themselves fed, according to\u003ca href=\"http://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/chart-gallery/detail.aspx?chartId=56777&ref=collection\"> data highlighted this week\u003c/a> by the U.S. Department of Agriculture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2014, the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program supported 23\u003ca href=\"http://www.fns.usda.gov/pd/supplemental-nutrition-assistance-program-snap\"> million American\u003c/a> households. The same year, \u003ca href=\"http://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/ap-administrative-publication/ap069.aspx\">32 percent of all households\u003c/a> who received SNAP in the previous 30 days reported they had visited a food pantry, the USDA says. And 23 percent of households using the Women, Infants and Children program visited a pantry that year, as had 23 percent of households receiving free or reduced-price school lunch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Generally, we believe that people aren't going to go to pantries if they don't need the food,\" says Alisha Coleman-Jensen, an economist at the USDA's Economic Research Service and a specialist in food insecurity. \"I think you can read into [the new data] that SNAP benefits aren't going far enough to cover all of their food expenses.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That lines up with other research suggesting that SNAP benefits rarely sustain families throughout an entire month. A 2013 \u003ca href=\"http://www.fns.usda.gov/sites/default/files/SNAPFoodSec.pdf\">qualitative study of 3,300 SNAP households\u003c/a> by the USDA's Food and Nutrition Service found that \"SNAP households experience ... financial strain that is eased but not alleviated by participation in the SNAP program.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indeed, that study found that many SNAP clients — about 45 percent — limited food consumption, usually by skipping meals, to make it through the month. \u003ca href=\"http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/33/1/116.abstract\">Other research\u003c/a> has shown that hospital admissions for hypoglycemia —low blood sugar, a condition that can be treated with a healthful diet — spike by 27 percent for low-income households during that last week of the month, while high-income households show no similar trend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://https/apha.confex.com/apha/143am/webprogram/Paper328522.html\">forthcoming study\u003c/a> from University of Pennsylvania researchers bears out this shortfall in cold dollars and cents. Spending among 700 SNAP customers in Chester, Pa., dropped by 72 percent between the first week of the month and the last, says \u003ca href=\"Eliza%20Whiteman\">Eliza Whiteman\u003c/a>, one of the study's authors. And while Whiteman cautions that the study sample was small, making extrapolation dicey, she wonders whether making SNAP distribution more frequent — biweekly or weekly, for example, rather than monthly — might \"smooth out\" the gaps in people's diets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, the core finding seemed to echo what Coleman-Jensen at USDA found. \"It definitely points at the potential that SNAP benefits aren't sufficient,\" says Whiteman.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Tracie McMillan is the author of\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"http://www.americanwayofeating.com/\">The American Way of Eating\u003c/a>,\u003cem>a\u003c/em> New York Times\u003cem> best-seller, and a senior fellow at the Schuster Institute for Investigative Journalism at Brandeis University. You can follow her on Twitter @tmmcmillan.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2016 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/107362/the-snap-gap-benefits-arent-enough-to-keep-many-recipients-fed","authors":["byline_bayareabites_107362"],"categories":["bayareabites_3032"],"tags":["bayareabites_10011","bayareabites_248","bayareabites_11838","bayareabites_8913"],"featImg":"bayareabites_107363","label":"bayareabites"},"bayareabites_106611":{"type":"posts","id":"bayareabites_106611","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"bayareabites","id":"106611","score":null,"sort":[1454626107000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"usda-imposes-stricter-limit-on-salmonella-bacteria-in-poultry-products","title":"USDA Imposes Stricter Limit On Salmonella Bacteria In Poultry Products","publishDate":1454626107,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Bay Area Bites | KQED Food","labelTerm":{"site":"bayareabites"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story on Morning Edition:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nhttp://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2016/02/20160204_me_usda_imposes_stricter_limit_on_salmonella_bacteria_in_poultry_products.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Department of Agriculture has \u003ca href=\"http://www.usda.gov/wps/portal/usda/usdahome?contentidonly=true&contentid=2016/02/0032.xml\">announced\u003c/a> a new, stricter limit on salmonella bacteria in poultry products. It's a new attempt to make headway against one of the country's biggest, and most intractable, food safety problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Salmonella bacteria on raw poultry and fresh produce are estimated to cause about 1 million cases of illness in the U.S. each year. It has proved difficult to reduce that number because the bacteria are so commonly found in the environment, and especially in poultry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even when companies wash chicken carcasses after slaughter, the USDA has found the bacteria on about a quarter of all cut-up chicken parts heading for supermarket shelves. It's a good reason to handle raw chicken carefully, wash your hands afterward, and cook the meat well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the USDA's new standard, companies will be required to reduce the frequency of contaminated chicken parts to 15 percent or less. The new standard also sets limits for turkey and ground meat products. A separate standard covers another disease-causing type of bacterium, called Campylobacter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alfred Almanza, the USDA's deputy undersecretary for food safety, says that after a year of testing, the USDA will start posting test results from each poultry processing plant online for consumers to see.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"[This] is not a good thing for them, if they're failing,\" Almanza says. \"So those are pretty significant deterrents, or incentives for them to meet or exceed our standard.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The USDA says that when companies meet this new standard, 50,000 fewer people will get sick from salmonella each year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there's a lot of guesswork in that calculation, and some are not convinced that it's really true. \u003ca href=\"http://www.meatingplace.com/Industry/Blogs/Bio?forumId=756\">William James\u003c/a>, for instance, the former chief veterinarian for the USDA's Food Safety and Inspection Service, thinks the USDA's entire approach to controlling salmonella is flawed. James now works as a consultant for private companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>James points to the agency experience with an earlier version of the salmonella standard, which he helped put in place. It did reduce the amount of salmonella bacteria that were found on poultry, yet illness rates did not drop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem, he says, is that these USDA standards treat all salmonella alike, when there actually are more than 2,000 different genetic strains of the bacterium, and most of them don't make people sick. In fact, the ones that don't make you sick probably are beneficial, because they compete with the salmonella strains that really are dangerous, James says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>James wants poultry companies to take more accurate aim at their problem. \"The key here is probably to focus on those few types that are causing illness, and get serious about trying to eliminate those,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says that poultry companies should be testing their chicken houses for those specific bacteria, such as one strain called \u003cem>Salmonella Heidelberg\u003c/em>. When the bacteria show up in a flock, those chickens should be slaughtered separately, he says, and the buildings where they lived should be decontaminated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The USDA's Almanza agrees that having a standard based on the prevalence of all salmonella is imprecise, but he thinks it still will help uncover food safety problems. \"If you have a high level of salmonella, you are going to have some that are of significance to public health,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He believes that the new standard, and the power of posting test results online, will force companies to take \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2014/08/28/342166299/how-foster-farms-is-solving-the-case-of-the-mystery-salmonella\">additional measures\u003c/a> to make sure their products are safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2016 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The USDA says it will prevent 50,000 cases of illness each year. Skeptics say the agency needs to take a different approach to the salmonella problem because the current one has not worked very well.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1454626107,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":18,"wordCount":611},"headData":{"title":"USDA Imposes Stricter Limit On Salmonella Bacteria In Poultry Products | KQED","description":"The USDA says it will prevent 50,000 cases of illness each year. Skeptics say the agency needs to take a different approach to the salmonella problem because the current one has not worked very well.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"106611 http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=106611","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2016/02/04/usda-imposes-stricter-limit-on-salmonella-bacteria-in-poultry-products/","disqusTitle":"USDA Imposes Stricter Limit On Salmonella Bacteria In Poultry Products","nprByline":"Dan Charles, \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/author/nprfood/\">NPR Food\u003c/a>","nprStoryId":"465530128","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=465530128&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2016/02/04/465530128/usda-imposes-stricter-limit-on-salmonella-bacteria-in-poultry-products?ft=nprml&f=465530128","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Thu, 04 Feb 2016 14:24:00 -0500","nprStoryDate":"Thu, 04 Feb 2016 05:11:00 -0500","nprLastModifiedDate":"Thu, 04 Feb 2016 14:24:21 -0500","nprAudio":"http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2016/02/20160204_me_usda_imposes_stricter_limit_on_salmonella_bacteria_in_poultry_products.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1053&d=164&p=3&story=465530128&t=progseg&e=465529526&seg=3&ft=nprml&f=465530128","nprAudioM3u":"http://api.npr.org/m3u/1465530129-6777cd.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1053&d=164&p=3&story=465530128&t=progseg&e=465529526&seg=3&ft=nprml&f=465530128","path":"/bayareabites/106611/usda-imposes-stricter-limit-on-salmonella-bacteria-in-poultry-products","audioUrl":"http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2016/02/20160204_me_usda_imposes_stricter_limit_on_salmonella_bacteria_in_poultry_products.mp3","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story on Morning Edition:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nhttp://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2016/02/20160204_me_usda_imposes_stricter_limit_on_salmonella_bacteria_in_poultry_products.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Department of Agriculture has \u003ca href=\"http://www.usda.gov/wps/portal/usda/usdahome?contentidonly=true&contentid=2016/02/0032.xml\">announced\u003c/a> a new, stricter limit on salmonella bacteria in poultry products. It's a new attempt to make headway against one of the country's biggest, and most intractable, food safety problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Salmonella bacteria on raw poultry and fresh produce are estimated to cause about 1 million cases of illness in the U.S. each year. It has proved difficult to reduce that number because the bacteria are so commonly found in the environment, and especially in poultry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even when companies wash chicken carcasses after slaughter, the USDA has found the bacteria on about a quarter of all cut-up chicken parts heading for supermarket shelves. It's a good reason to handle raw chicken carefully, wash your hands afterward, and cook the meat well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the USDA's new standard, companies will be required to reduce the frequency of contaminated chicken parts to 15 percent or less. The new standard also sets limits for turkey and ground meat products. A separate standard covers another disease-causing type of bacterium, called Campylobacter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alfred Almanza, the USDA's deputy undersecretary for food safety, says that after a year of testing, the USDA will start posting test results from each poultry processing plant online for consumers to see.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"[This] is not a good thing for them, if they're failing,\" Almanza says. \"So those are pretty significant deterrents, or incentives for them to meet or exceed our standard.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The USDA says that when companies meet this new standard, 50,000 fewer people will get sick from salmonella each year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there's a lot of guesswork in that calculation, and some are not convinced that it's really true. \u003ca href=\"http://www.meatingplace.com/Industry/Blogs/Bio?forumId=756\">William James\u003c/a>, for instance, the former chief veterinarian for the USDA's Food Safety and Inspection Service, thinks the USDA's entire approach to controlling salmonella is flawed. James now works as a consultant for private companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>James points to the agency experience with an earlier version of the salmonella standard, which he helped put in place. It did reduce the amount of salmonella bacteria that were found on poultry, yet illness rates did not drop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem, he says, is that these USDA standards treat all salmonella alike, when there actually are more than 2,000 different genetic strains of the bacterium, and most of them don't make people sick. In fact, the ones that don't make you sick probably are beneficial, because they compete with the salmonella strains that really are dangerous, James says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>James wants poultry companies to take more accurate aim at their problem. \"The key here is probably to focus on those few types that are causing illness, and get serious about trying to eliminate those,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says that poultry companies should be testing their chicken houses for those specific bacteria, such as one strain called \u003cem>Salmonella Heidelberg\u003c/em>. When the bacteria show up in a flock, those chickens should be slaughtered separately, he says, and the buildings where they lived should be decontaminated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The USDA's Almanza agrees that having a standard based on the prevalence of all salmonella is imprecise, but he thinks it still will help uncover food safety problems. \"If you have a high level of salmonella, you are going to have some that are of significance to public health,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He believes that the new standard, and the power of posting test results online, will force companies to take \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2014/08/28/342166299/how-foster-farms-is-solving-the-case-of-the-mystery-salmonella\">additional measures\u003c/a> to make sure their products are safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2016 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/106611/usda-imposes-stricter-limit-on-salmonella-bacteria-in-poultry-products","authors":["byline_bayareabites_106611"],"categories":["bayareabites_10028","bayareabites_2035"],"tags":["bayareabites_11456","bayareabites_621","bayareabites_15272","bayareabites_11544","bayareabites_2037","bayareabites_8913"],"featImg":"bayareabites_106615","label":"bayareabites"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. 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But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. 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Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.","airtime":"MON-FRI 3am-9am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/morning-edition"},"onourwatch":{"id":"onourwatch","title":"On Our Watch","tagline":"Police secrets, unsealed","info":"For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"On Our Watch from NPR and KQED","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/onourwatch","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"1"},"link":"/podcasts/onourwatch","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw","npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/onourwatch","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0OLWoyizopu6tY1XiuX70x","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/On-Our-Watch-p1436229/","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/show/on-our-watch","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"}},"on-the-media":{"id":"on-the-media","title":"On The Media","info":"Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us","airtime":"SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm","meta":{"site":"news","source":"wnyc"},"link":"/radio/program/on-the-media","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/","rss":"http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"}},"our-body-politic":{"id":"our-body-politic","title":"Our Body Politic","info":"Presented by KQED, KCRW and KPCC, and created and hosted by award-winning journalist Farai Chideya, Our Body Politic is unapologetically centered on reporting on not just how women of color experience the major political events of today, but how they’re impacting those very issues.","airtime":"SAT 6pm-7pm, SUN 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Our-Body-Politic-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://our-body-politic.simplecast.com/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kcrw"},"link":"/radio/program/our-body-politic","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/our-body-politic/id1533069868","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5zaW1wbGVjYXN0LmNvbS9feGFQaHMxcw","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/4ApAiLT1kV153TttWAmqmc","rss":"https://feeds.simplecast.com/_xaPhs1s","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/News--Politics-Podcasts/Our-Body-Politic-p1369211/"}},"pbs-newshour":{"id":"pbs-newshour","title":"PBS NewsHour","info":"Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.","airtime":"MON-FRI 3pm-4pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"pbs"},"link":"/radio/program/pbs-newshour","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/","rss":"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"}},"perspectives":{"id":"perspectives","title":"Perspectives","tagline":"KQED's series of of daily listener commentaries since 1991","info":"KQED's series of of daily listener commentaries since 1991.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Perspectives-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/perspectives/","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"kqed","order":"15"},"link":"/perspectives","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id73801135","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/category/perspectives/feed/","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvcGVyc3BlY3RpdmVzL2NhdGVnb3J5L3BlcnNwZWN0aXZlcy9mZWVkLw"}},"planet-money":{"id":"planet-money","title":"Planet Money","info":"The economy explained. 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