Beer, Drinking Water And Fish: Tiny Plastic Is Everywhere
Last Straw for Plastic Straws? Cities, Restaurants Move to Toss These Sippers
Another Place Plastics Are Turning Up: Organic Fertilizer From Food Waste
A Plastic-Eating Bacterium Might Help Deal With Waste One Day
The Weird, Underappreciated World Of Plastic Packaging
How Plastic In The Ocean Is Contaminating Your Seafood
KQED's Forum: A (Mostly) Plastic-Free Life
KQED's Forum: More Bad News on BPA?
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Professional education and training includes: clinical psychology, photography, commercial cooking, web design, information architecture and UX.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/dfba64372339cc34cf17e446e6f18fa8?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":"bayareabites","instagram":null,"linkedin":"wendygoodfriend","sites":[{"site":"jpepinheart","roles":["administrator"]},{"site":"about","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"bayareabites","roles":["subscriber"]},{"site":"science","roles":["administrator"]},{"site":"checkplease","roles":["subscriber"]},{"site":"food","roles":["author"]},{"site":"essentialpepin","roles":["administrator"]}],"headData":{"title":"Wendy Goodfriend | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/dfba64372339cc34cf17e446e6f18fa8?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/dfba64372339cc34cf17e446e6f18fa8?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/wendy-goodfriend"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"arts","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"bayareabites_130124":{"type":"posts","id":"bayareabites_130124","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"bayareabites","id":"130124","score":null,"sort":[1534787059000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"beer-drinking-water-and-fish-tiny-plastic-is-everywhere","title":"Beer, Drinking Water And Fish: Tiny Plastic Is Everywhere","publishDate":1534787059,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Bay Area Bites | KQED Food","labelTerm":{"site":"bayareabites"},"content":"\u003cp>Plastic trash is littering the land and fouling rivers and oceans. But what we can see is only a small fraction of what's out there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since modern plastic was first mass-produced, \u003ca href=\"https://eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2017-07/uog-sct071417.php\">8 billion tons\u003c/a> have been manufactured. And when it's thrown away, it doesn't just disappear. Much of it crumbles into small pieces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists call the tiny pieces \"microplastics\" and define them as objects smaller than 5 millimeters — about the size of one of the letters on a computer keyboard. Researchers started to pay serious attention to microplastics in the environment about 15 years ago. They're in oceans, rivers and lakes. They're also in soil. Recent \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/search?query=joyce%20plastic&page=1\">research\u003c/a> in Germany found that fertilizer made from composted household waste contains microplastics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, even more concerning, microplastics are in drinking water. \u003ca href=\"http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0194970#sec023\">In beer\u003c/a>. In sea salt. In \u003ca href=\"http://www.expeditionmed.eu/fr/wp-content/uploads/sites/6/2015/02/Van-Cauwenberghe-2014-microplastics-in-cultured-shellfish1.pdf\">fish and shellfish\u003c/a>. How microplastics get into animals is something of a mystery, and \u003ca href=\"https://rochmanlab.com/people/\">Chelsea Rochman\u003c/a> is trying to solve it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rochman is an ecologist at the University of Toronto. She studies how plastic works its way into the food chain, from tiny plankton to fish larvae to fish, including fish we eat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says understanding how plastic gets into fish matters not just to the fish, but to us. \"We eat fish that eat plastic,\" she says. \"Are there things that transfer to the tissue? Does the plastic itself transfer to the tissue? Do the chemicals associated with the plastic transfer to the tissue?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_130127\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2018/08/micro-plastics-1-3788df03f392dd729423409c777db92a036554cc-e1534786746868.jpg\" alt=\"Bucci uses a microscope to look at a fathead minnow larva that has ingested plastic particles.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\" class=\"size-full wp-image-130127\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bucci uses a microscope to look at a fathead minnow larva that has ingested plastic particles. \u003ccite>(Chris Joyce/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Rochman says she has always loved cleaning up. She remembers how, as a 6-year-old, she puzzled her parents by volunteering to clean the house.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In high school in Arizona she got even more ambitious. \"I used to take my friends into the desert and clean up a mile of trash every Earth Day,\" she says. \"I remember finding weird old dolls and strange old toys that I thought were creepy, but that I would also keep.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a graduate student, she landed a spot on a research vessel to visit the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/03/22/596142560/the-trash-patch-in-the-pacific-is-many-times-bigger-than-we-thought\">infamous floating garbage patch\u003c/a> in the Pacific Ocean. She and the other scientists on the trip were supposed to count the plastic as it drifted by.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She remembers the moment they sailed into the patch, \"Everyone runs up to the bow and says, 'There's trash, there's trash, everyone start counting the trash.' And so we all start counting the trash.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But something was wrong. \"We're looking and it's, like, basically a soup of confetti, of tiny little plastic bits everywhere,\" she remembers. \"Everyone just stops counting. [They] sat there, their backs up against the wall and said, 'OK, this is a real issue, [and it's] not an island of trash you can pick up.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To Rochman, a third thing was also clear: \"The tiny stuff, for me as an ecologist, this is really getting into the food chain. You could spend a career studying this stuff.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So she did.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_130125\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2018/08/micro-plastics-5_enl-8a99c5bafed71a9aa9accbc7ca91115b34c6041b-e1534786704166.jpg\" alt=\"Microplastics found along Lake Ontario by Rochman's team\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1928\" class=\"size-full wp-image-130125\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Microplastics found along Lake Ontario by Rochman's team \u003ccite>(Chris Joyce/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A world of plastic\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A typical day for Rochman might start alongside sparkling Lake Ontario, where parks line the shore and joggers and picnickers enjoy the shoreline scenery. The lake, however, hides a mostly invisible menace.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To see it, Rochman's student, Kennedy Bucci, brings us to an inlet that's ankle-deep in washed-up debris. An apartment building looms overhead. They squat down, reach into the muck and quickly find what they're looking for. \"I'm digging and just finding more and more,\" Rochman says. \"Like whole bottle caps. This is insane.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's so ingrained in the soil,\" says Bucci.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She comes here regularly to collect plastic for Rochman's research. They work quickly, filling a jar with bits of plastic. Rochman, who's not wearing gloves, inadvertently picks up something she wishes she hadn't. \"Oh!\" she laughs, flinging it aside. \"That's why you've got gloves on,\" she tells Bucci, and then gets right back to digging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since she started studying microplastics, Rochman has found them in the outflow from sewage treatment plants. And they've \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2018/04/06/600174922/another-place-plastics-are-turning-up-organic-fertilizer-from-food-waste\">shown up\u003c/a> in insects, worms, clams, fish and birds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_130128\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1496px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2018/08/micro-plastics-2_enl-2b570f6c97d4a88c63f65f89dae84fd53f7c3430.jpg\" alt=\"Rochman's scientific team drops a net into a stream in Toronto to collect tiny floating pieces of plastic.\" width=\"1496\" height=\"1992\" class=\"size-full wp-image-130128\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/08/micro-plastics-2_enl-2b570f6c97d4a88c63f65f89dae84fd53f7c3430.jpg 1496w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/08/micro-plastics-2_enl-2b570f6c97d4a88c63f65f89dae84fd53f7c3430-160x213.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/08/micro-plastics-2_enl-2b570f6c97d4a88c63f65f89dae84fd53f7c3430-800x1065.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/08/micro-plastics-2_enl-2b570f6c97d4a88c63f65f89dae84fd53f7c3430-768x1023.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/08/micro-plastics-2_enl-2b570f6c97d4a88c63f65f89dae84fd53f7c3430-1020x1358.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/08/micro-plastics-2_enl-2b570f6c97d4a88c63f65f89dae84fd53f7c3430-901x1200.jpg 901w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/08/micro-plastics-2_enl-2b570f6c97d4a88c63f65f89dae84fd53f7c3430-1180x1571.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/08/micro-plastics-2_enl-2b570f6c97d4a88c63f65f89dae84fd53f7c3430-960x1278.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/08/micro-plastics-2_enl-2b570f6c97d4a88c63f65f89dae84fd53f7c3430-240x320.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/08/micro-plastics-2_enl-2b570f6c97d4a88c63f65f89dae84fd53f7c3430-375x499.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/08/micro-plastics-2_enl-2b570f6c97d4a88c63f65f89dae84fd53f7c3430-520x692.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1496px) 100vw, 1496px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rochman's scientific team drops a net into a stream in Toronto to collect tiny floating pieces of plastic. \u003ccite>(Chris Joyce/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>To study how that happens, Bucci makes her own microplastics from the morning's collection. She takes a postage stamp-size piece of black plastic from the jar, and grinds it into particles using a coffee grinder. \"So this is the plastic that I feed to the fish,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plastic particles go into beakers of water containing fish larvae from fathead minnows, the test-animals of choice in marine toxicology. Tanks full of them line the walls of the lab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bucci uses a pipette to draw out a bunch of larvae that have already been exposed to these ground-up plastic particles. The larva's gut is translucent. We can see right into it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You can see kind of a line of black, weirdly shaped black things,\" she points out. \"Those are the microplastics.\" The larva has ingested them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rochman says microplastic particles can sicken or even kill larvae and fish in their experiments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plastic can also get into fish tissue, particularly plastic fibers from clothing such as fleece. Rochman found fleece fibers in fish from San Francisco Bay. She also looked in fish from Indonesia, a tropical country whose residents are not known for dressing in fleece. She \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/srep14340\">found plastic\u003c/a> in Indonesian fish guts, but no fibers, suggesting that fish bodies tell a story about what kind of plastic resides in local waters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rochman took this line of research a step further when she bought a washing machine for her lab and washed fleece clothing. Lots of plastic fibers came out in the filter she added to collect the wastewater. In fact, she has found microplastics floating in the air. \"If you put a piece of double-sided sticky tape on a lab bench for an hour, you come back and it's got four plastic fibers on it,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Resilient, durable and potentially dangerous\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most plastic is inert; it does not readily react chemically with other substances, and that's one reason it has been so successful. Plastic is resilient, durable and doesn't easily degrade. It's a vital part of medical equipment and has revolutionized packaging, especially food storage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, over time, plastic can break down and shed the chemicals that make it useful, such as \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/biomonitoring/Phthalates_FactSheet.html\">phthalates\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/agents/sya-bpa/index.cfm\">bisphenol A\u003c/a>. These substances are\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>common in the environment and their effects on human health are of concern to public health scientists and advocates, but few large-scale, definitive studies have been done. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plastic also \u003ca href=\"http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/364/1526\">attracts other chemicals\u003c/a> in the water that latch onto it, including toxic industrial compounds like polychlorinated biphenyls, or PCBs. Plastic becomes a chemical Trojan horse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_130129\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1500px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2018/08/micro-plastics-4_enl-3afcc42d56bf847e94d477e8225f08d9b2065fd7.jpg\" alt=\"Researcher Kennedy Bucci collects plastics from the shore of Lake Ontario in Toronto.\" width=\"1500\" height=\"2000\" class=\"size-full wp-image-130129\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/08/micro-plastics-4_enl-3afcc42d56bf847e94d477e8225f08d9b2065fd7.jpg 1500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/08/micro-plastics-4_enl-3afcc42d56bf847e94d477e8225f08d9b2065fd7-160x213.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/08/micro-plastics-4_enl-3afcc42d56bf847e94d477e8225f08d9b2065fd7-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/08/micro-plastics-4_enl-3afcc42d56bf847e94d477e8225f08d9b2065fd7-768x1024.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/08/micro-plastics-4_enl-3afcc42d56bf847e94d477e8225f08d9b2065fd7-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/08/micro-plastics-4_enl-3afcc42d56bf847e94d477e8225f08d9b2065fd7-900x1200.jpg 900w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/08/micro-plastics-4_enl-3afcc42d56bf847e94d477e8225f08d9b2065fd7-1180x1573.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/08/micro-plastics-4_enl-3afcc42d56bf847e94d477e8225f08d9b2065fd7-960x1280.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/08/micro-plastics-4_enl-3afcc42d56bf847e94d477e8225f08d9b2065fd7-240x320.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/08/micro-plastics-4_enl-3afcc42d56bf847e94d477e8225f08d9b2065fd7-375x500.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/08/micro-plastics-4_enl-3afcc42d56bf847e94d477e8225f08d9b2065fd7-520x693.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1500px) 100vw, 1500px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Researcher Kennedy Bucci collects plastics from the shore of Lake Ontario in Toronto. \u003ccite>(Chris Joyce/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Tracking all those chemicals is researcher Clara Thaysen's job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Right now we're starting with the common types of plastic, so polyethylene, polypropylene [and] polystyrene,\" she explains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"But, there's...\" she pauses and sighs. \"There's tons.\" Plastic comes in many forms, with a wide variety of chemical additives depending on how the plastic is used. What happens to plastic over decades just hasn't been studied deeply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This happens all the time,\" says Thaysen. \"We invent something that seems really great and ... we don't think and we become so dependent on it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rochman notes that this kind of research is relatively new; most of the environmental studies on microplastics have come out within the past 10 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The things we don't know,\" she says, are daunting. \"What are all the sources where it's coming from, so that we can think about where to turn it off? And once it gets in the ocean, where does it go? Which is super-important because then we can understand how it impacts wildlife and humans.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says she's ready to spend the rest of her career finding out. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Beer%2C+Drinking+Water+And+Fish%3A+Tiny+Plastic+Is+Everywhere&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Plastic trash less than 5 millimeters long is in the things we eat and drink, and the air we breathe. Scientists are just beginning to study where it comes from and how it might affect our health.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1534787359,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":39,"wordCount":1395},"headData":{"title":"Beer, Drinking Water And Fish: Tiny Plastic Is Everywhere | KQED","description":"Plastic trash less than 5 millimeters long is in the things we eat and drink, and the air we breathe. Scientists are just beginning to study where it comes from and how it might affect our health.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Beer, Drinking Water And Fish: Tiny Plastic Is Everywhere","datePublished":"2018-08-20T17:44:19.000Z","dateModified":"2018-08-20T17:49:19.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"130124 https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=130124","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2018/08/20/beer-drinking-water-and-fish-tiny-plastic-is-everywhere/","disqusTitle":"Beer, Drinking Water And Fish: Tiny Plastic Is Everywhere","nprByline":"Christopher Joyce, NPR Food","nprImageAgency":"Chris Joyce/NPR","nprStoryId":"636845604","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=636845604&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2018/08/20/636845604/beer-drinking-water-and-fish-tiny-plastic-is-everywhere?ft=nprml&f=636845604","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Mon, 20 Aug 2018 11:57:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Mon, 20 Aug 2018 11:57:55 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Mon, 20 Aug 2018 11:59:01 -0400","path":"/bayareabites/130124/beer-drinking-water-and-fish-tiny-plastic-is-everywhere","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Plastic trash is littering the land and fouling rivers and oceans. But what we can see is only a small fraction of what's out there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since modern plastic was first mass-produced, \u003ca href=\"https://eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2017-07/uog-sct071417.php\">8 billion tons\u003c/a> have been manufactured. And when it's thrown away, it doesn't just disappear. Much of it crumbles into small pieces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists call the tiny pieces \"microplastics\" and define them as objects smaller than 5 millimeters — about the size of one of the letters on a computer keyboard. Researchers started to pay serious attention to microplastics in the environment about 15 years ago. They're in oceans, rivers and lakes. They're also in soil. Recent \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/search?query=joyce%20plastic&page=1\">research\u003c/a> in Germany found that fertilizer made from composted household waste contains microplastics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, even more concerning, microplastics are in drinking water. \u003ca href=\"http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0194970#sec023\">In beer\u003c/a>. In sea salt. In \u003ca href=\"http://www.expeditionmed.eu/fr/wp-content/uploads/sites/6/2015/02/Van-Cauwenberghe-2014-microplastics-in-cultured-shellfish1.pdf\">fish and shellfish\u003c/a>. How microplastics get into animals is something of a mystery, and \u003ca href=\"https://rochmanlab.com/people/\">Chelsea Rochman\u003c/a> is trying to solve it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rochman is an ecologist at the University of Toronto. She studies how plastic works its way into the food chain, from tiny plankton to fish larvae to fish, including fish we eat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says understanding how plastic gets into fish matters not just to the fish, but to us. \"We eat fish that eat plastic,\" she says. \"Are there things that transfer to the tissue? Does the plastic itself transfer to the tissue? Do the chemicals associated with the plastic transfer to the tissue?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_130127\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2018/08/micro-plastics-1-3788df03f392dd729423409c777db92a036554cc-e1534786746868.jpg\" alt=\"Bucci uses a microscope to look at a fathead minnow larva that has ingested plastic particles.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\" class=\"size-full wp-image-130127\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bucci uses a microscope to look at a fathead minnow larva that has ingested plastic particles. \u003ccite>(Chris Joyce/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Rochman says she has always loved cleaning up. She remembers how, as a 6-year-old, she puzzled her parents by volunteering to clean the house.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In high school in Arizona she got even more ambitious. \"I used to take my friends into the desert and clean up a mile of trash every Earth Day,\" she says. \"I remember finding weird old dolls and strange old toys that I thought were creepy, but that I would also keep.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a graduate student, she landed a spot on a research vessel to visit the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/03/22/596142560/the-trash-patch-in-the-pacific-is-many-times-bigger-than-we-thought\">infamous floating garbage patch\u003c/a> in the Pacific Ocean. She and the other scientists on the trip were supposed to count the plastic as it drifted by.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She remembers the moment they sailed into the patch, \"Everyone runs up to the bow and says, 'There's trash, there's trash, everyone start counting the trash.' And so we all start counting the trash.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But something was wrong. \"We're looking and it's, like, basically a soup of confetti, of tiny little plastic bits everywhere,\" she remembers. \"Everyone just stops counting. [They] sat there, their backs up against the wall and said, 'OK, this is a real issue, [and it's] not an island of trash you can pick up.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To Rochman, a third thing was also clear: \"The tiny stuff, for me as an ecologist, this is really getting into the food chain. You could spend a career studying this stuff.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So she did.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_130125\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2018/08/micro-plastics-5_enl-8a99c5bafed71a9aa9accbc7ca91115b34c6041b-e1534786704166.jpg\" alt=\"Microplastics found along Lake Ontario by Rochman's team\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1928\" class=\"size-full wp-image-130125\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Microplastics found along Lake Ontario by Rochman's team \u003ccite>(Chris Joyce/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A world of plastic\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A typical day for Rochman might start alongside sparkling Lake Ontario, where parks line the shore and joggers and picnickers enjoy the shoreline scenery. The lake, however, hides a mostly invisible menace.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To see it, Rochman's student, Kennedy Bucci, brings us to an inlet that's ankle-deep in washed-up debris. An apartment building looms overhead. They squat down, reach into the muck and quickly find what they're looking for. \"I'm digging and just finding more and more,\" Rochman says. \"Like whole bottle caps. This is insane.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's so ingrained in the soil,\" says Bucci.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She comes here regularly to collect plastic for Rochman's research. They work quickly, filling a jar with bits of plastic. Rochman, who's not wearing gloves, inadvertently picks up something she wishes she hadn't. \"Oh!\" she laughs, flinging it aside. \"That's why you've got gloves on,\" she tells Bucci, and then gets right back to digging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since she started studying microplastics, Rochman has found them in the outflow from sewage treatment plants. And they've \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2018/04/06/600174922/another-place-plastics-are-turning-up-organic-fertilizer-from-food-waste\">shown up\u003c/a> in insects, worms, clams, fish and birds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_130128\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1496px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2018/08/micro-plastics-2_enl-2b570f6c97d4a88c63f65f89dae84fd53f7c3430.jpg\" alt=\"Rochman's scientific team drops a net into a stream in Toronto to collect tiny floating pieces of plastic.\" width=\"1496\" height=\"1992\" class=\"size-full wp-image-130128\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/08/micro-plastics-2_enl-2b570f6c97d4a88c63f65f89dae84fd53f7c3430.jpg 1496w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/08/micro-plastics-2_enl-2b570f6c97d4a88c63f65f89dae84fd53f7c3430-160x213.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/08/micro-plastics-2_enl-2b570f6c97d4a88c63f65f89dae84fd53f7c3430-800x1065.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/08/micro-plastics-2_enl-2b570f6c97d4a88c63f65f89dae84fd53f7c3430-768x1023.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/08/micro-plastics-2_enl-2b570f6c97d4a88c63f65f89dae84fd53f7c3430-1020x1358.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/08/micro-plastics-2_enl-2b570f6c97d4a88c63f65f89dae84fd53f7c3430-901x1200.jpg 901w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/08/micro-plastics-2_enl-2b570f6c97d4a88c63f65f89dae84fd53f7c3430-1180x1571.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/08/micro-plastics-2_enl-2b570f6c97d4a88c63f65f89dae84fd53f7c3430-960x1278.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/08/micro-plastics-2_enl-2b570f6c97d4a88c63f65f89dae84fd53f7c3430-240x320.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/08/micro-plastics-2_enl-2b570f6c97d4a88c63f65f89dae84fd53f7c3430-375x499.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/08/micro-plastics-2_enl-2b570f6c97d4a88c63f65f89dae84fd53f7c3430-520x692.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1496px) 100vw, 1496px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rochman's scientific team drops a net into a stream in Toronto to collect tiny floating pieces of plastic. \u003ccite>(Chris Joyce/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>To study how that happens, Bucci makes her own microplastics from the morning's collection. She takes a postage stamp-size piece of black plastic from the jar, and grinds it into particles using a coffee grinder. \"So this is the plastic that I feed to the fish,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plastic particles go into beakers of water containing fish larvae from fathead minnows, the test-animals of choice in marine toxicology. Tanks full of them line the walls of the lab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bucci uses a pipette to draw out a bunch of larvae that have already been exposed to these ground-up plastic particles. The larva's gut is translucent. We can see right into it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You can see kind of a line of black, weirdly shaped black things,\" she points out. \"Those are the microplastics.\" The larva has ingested them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rochman says microplastic particles can sicken or even kill larvae and fish in their experiments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plastic can also get into fish tissue, particularly plastic fibers from clothing such as fleece. Rochman found fleece fibers in fish from San Francisco Bay. She also looked in fish from Indonesia, a tropical country whose residents are not known for dressing in fleece. She \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/srep14340\">found plastic\u003c/a> in Indonesian fish guts, but no fibers, suggesting that fish bodies tell a story about what kind of plastic resides in local waters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rochman took this line of research a step further when she bought a washing machine for her lab and washed fleece clothing. Lots of plastic fibers came out in the filter she added to collect the wastewater. In fact, she has found microplastics floating in the air. \"If you put a piece of double-sided sticky tape on a lab bench for an hour, you come back and it's got four plastic fibers on it,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Resilient, durable and potentially dangerous\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most plastic is inert; it does not readily react chemically with other substances, and that's one reason it has been so successful. Plastic is resilient, durable and doesn't easily degrade. It's a vital part of medical equipment and has revolutionized packaging, especially food storage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, over time, plastic can break down and shed the chemicals that make it useful, such as \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/biomonitoring/Phthalates_FactSheet.html\">phthalates\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/agents/sya-bpa/index.cfm\">bisphenol A\u003c/a>. These substances are\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>common in the environment and their effects on human health are of concern to public health scientists and advocates, but few large-scale, definitive studies have been done. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plastic also \u003ca href=\"http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/364/1526\">attracts other chemicals\u003c/a> in the water that latch onto it, including toxic industrial compounds like polychlorinated biphenyls, or PCBs. Plastic becomes a chemical Trojan horse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_130129\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1500px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2018/08/micro-plastics-4_enl-3afcc42d56bf847e94d477e8225f08d9b2065fd7.jpg\" alt=\"Researcher Kennedy Bucci collects plastics from the shore of Lake Ontario in Toronto.\" width=\"1500\" height=\"2000\" class=\"size-full wp-image-130129\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/08/micro-plastics-4_enl-3afcc42d56bf847e94d477e8225f08d9b2065fd7.jpg 1500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/08/micro-plastics-4_enl-3afcc42d56bf847e94d477e8225f08d9b2065fd7-160x213.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/08/micro-plastics-4_enl-3afcc42d56bf847e94d477e8225f08d9b2065fd7-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/08/micro-plastics-4_enl-3afcc42d56bf847e94d477e8225f08d9b2065fd7-768x1024.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/08/micro-plastics-4_enl-3afcc42d56bf847e94d477e8225f08d9b2065fd7-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/08/micro-plastics-4_enl-3afcc42d56bf847e94d477e8225f08d9b2065fd7-900x1200.jpg 900w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/08/micro-plastics-4_enl-3afcc42d56bf847e94d477e8225f08d9b2065fd7-1180x1573.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/08/micro-plastics-4_enl-3afcc42d56bf847e94d477e8225f08d9b2065fd7-960x1280.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/08/micro-plastics-4_enl-3afcc42d56bf847e94d477e8225f08d9b2065fd7-240x320.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/08/micro-plastics-4_enl-3afcc42d56bf847e94d477e8225f08d9b2065fd7-375x500.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/08/micro-plastics-4_enl-3afcc42d56bf847e94d477e8225f08d9b2065fd7-520x693.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1500px) 100vw, 1500px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Researcher Kennedy Bucci collects plastics from the shore of Lake Ontario in Toronto. \u003ccite>(Chris Joyce/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Tracking all those chemicals is researcher Clara Thaysen's job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Right now we're starting with the common types of plastic, so polyethylene, polypropylene [and] polystyrene,\" she explains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"But, there's...\" she pauses and sighs. \"There's tons.\" Plastic comes in many forms, with a wide variety of chemical additives depending on how the plastic is used. What happens to plastic over decades just hasn't been studied deeply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This happens all the time,\" says Thaysen. \"We invent something that seems really great and ... we don't think and we become so dependent on it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rochman notes that this kind of research is relatively new; most of the environmental studies on microplastics have come out within the past 10 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The things we don't know,\" she says, are daunting. \"What are all the sources where it's coming from, so that we can think about where to turn it off? And once it gets in the ocean, where does it go? Which is super-important because then we can understand how it impacts wildlife and humans.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says she's ready to spend the rest of her career finding out. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Beer%2C+Drinking+Water+And+Fish%3A+Tiny+Plastic+Is+Everywhere&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/130124/beer-drinking-water-and-fish-tiny-plastic-is-everywhere","authors":["byline_bayareabites_130124"],"categories":["bayareabites_13306","bayareabites_10028","bayareabites_4084","bayareabites_1245","bayareabites_10916","bayareabites_2035","bayareabites_358","bayareabites_60"],"tags":["bayareabites_16224","bayareabites_3707","bayareabites_9720","bayareabites_12790"],"featImg":"bayareabites_130126","label":"bayareabites"},"bayareabites_128648":{"type":"posts","id":"bayareabites_128648","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"bayareabites","id":"128648","score":null,"sort":[1527791359000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"last-straw-for-plastic-straws-cities-restaurants-move-to-toss-these-sippers","title":"Last Straw for Plastic Straws? Cities, Restaurants Move to Toss These Sippers","publishDate":1527791359,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Bay Area Bites | KQED Food","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Slurping up smoothies, sodas and slushies through disposable plastic straws could one day become a thing of the past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The call to toss plastic straws out of our food system is growing louder and louder. On Thursday Bon Appétit, a large food service company, announced it is banning plastic straws in all 1,000 of its cafés in 33 states, including locations like AT&T Park, home of the San Francisco Giants. The company says it plans to complete its transition to paper straws by September 2019.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's the latest salvo in a growing war against straws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The movement to oust plastic straws has spread across the U.S., from \u003ca href=\"https://www.local10.com/food/miami-beach-bans-drinking-straws_20151127184558796\">Miami Beach\u003c/a>, where straws are now banned, to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/04/20/602170604/malibu-moves-to-ban-single-use-plastic\">Malibu\u003c/a>, where the prohibition also extends to single-use plastic utensils and stirrers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The anti-straw movement comes amid growing recognition of the environmental toll of all the single-use plastics we throw out. One compelling example of this: a \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4wH878t78bw\">video of a sea turtle with a plastic straw stuck up its nose\u003c/a>, which was released a few years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2014 alone,\u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-11/documents/2014_smmfactsheet_508.pdf\"> Americans tossed out more than 33 million tons of plastic\u003c/a>, the vast majority of which was not recycled, according to the Environmental Protection Agency. One \u003ca href=\"http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0111913\">2014 study\u003c/a> estimated there are 270,000 metric tons — and more than 5 trillion particles — of plastic in the world's oceans. Straws and stirrers make up more than 7 percent of plastic products found in the environment, according to \u003ca href=\"https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5522e85be4b0b65a7c78ac96/t/5aa0618a8165f553aa68b8b8/1520631281665/5+Gyres+BAN+List2.pdf\">Better Alternatives Now\u003c/a>, or BAN 2.0, an analysis done by several pollution research groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New York City Councilman Rafael L. Espinal Jr., a Democrat from Brooklyn, introduced a bill last week that would prevent restaurants in all five of the city's boroughs from providing plastic straws to customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I've become increasingly aware of the impact that single-use plastic has on our oceans and environment,\" Espinal tells NPR. \"Over the past few years, I started looking at single-use plastics that we can begin to eliminate without having severe impact on New Yorkers' daily lives. Plastic straws happen to be one of those [products].\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill would require that all establishments that serve food or drinks — from Yankee stadium to street food vendors — phase out plastic straws by 2020. Espinal says he hopes to get the bill passed by the end of this summer, adding that \u003ca href=\"http://abc7ny.com/society/councilman-introduces-bill-to-ban-plastic-straws-in-nyc/3513252/\">Mayor Bill de Blasio is already on board\u003c/a> to support the ban.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Companies including Alaska Airlines, as well as educational institutions such as University of Portland and Knox College, have also moved to ban plastic straws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the United Kingdom, several McDonald's locations have \u003ca href=\"https://news.sky.com/story/mcdonalds-to-start-phasing-out-plastic-straws-from-its-uk-restaurants-11306411?dcmp=snt-sf-twitter\">begun testing paper straws and putting plastic straws\u003c/a> behind the counter. However, last week McDonald's \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/5d6c3749abea4ebc9663ea22937f31f6\">voted down a shareholder proposal to study the issue\u003c/a> at the chain's 37,000 locations globally. The fast-food giant's distinctive striped straws are the second-most common brand found in the environment, according to the BAN 2.0 report. The most common: the bright green Starbucks straw.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.marcuseriksen.com/\">Marcus Eriksen\u003c/a> is the co-founder of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.5gyres.org/\">5 Gyres Institute\u003c/a>, a nonprofit that focuses on reducing plastics pollution, and a contributor to the BAN 2.0 paper and the 2014 study on ocean plastic pollution. He says straws are part of a larger movement to reduce the use of plastics in our daily lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Straws are just the next of many,\" Eriksen says. \"Microbeads, plastic bags, styrofoam — they're all on the way out.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some companies are exploring alternatives to plastic straws made of paper or wood. Other businesses have gotten creative, like Paradise Cove restaurant in Malibu, Calif., which now uses compostable, edible pasta in place of plastic straws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are also reusable straws made of silicon, glass and metal on the market. And some businesses have instituted a policy where customers must explicitly request a straw — plastic or otherwise — in order to get one. That's the law in Santa Cruz, Calif., which not only has banned plastic straws but also plastic cutlery and hot beverage lids. Nowadays, the city's food vendors can only provide straws, lids, cutlery and condiment packages if a customer requests them — even if these products are made from compostable materials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New York Councilman Espinal likewise hopes to push his city to eliminate other plastics beyond straws. Another bill he introduced last week would prohibit vendors in parks and beaches from selling beverages in plastic bottles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Espinal says he's gotten largely positive feedback for his call to decrease plastic waste. Hundreds of bars and restaurants in New York have already moved to phase out plastic straws of their own accord.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's a lot of support and this greater consciousness that this is the right thing to do,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2018 NPR. \u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"As awareness grows about the environmental toll of single-use plastics, U.S. retailers and regulators alike are finding ways to decrease their use. And straws have become a prime target.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1527791406,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":20,"wordCount":812},"headData":{"title":"Last Straw for Plastic Straws? Cities, Restaurants Move to Toss These Sippers | KQED","description":"As awareness grows about the environmental toll of single-use plastics, U.S. retailers and regulators alike are finding ways to decrease their use. And straws have become a prime target.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Last Straw for Plastic Straws? Cities, Restaurants Move to Toss These Sippers","datePublished":"2018-05-31T18:29:19.000Z","dateModified":"2018-05-31T18:30:06.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"128648 https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=128648","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2018/05/31/last-straw-for-plastic-straws-cities-restaurants-move-to-toss-these-sippers/","disqusTitle":"Last Straw for Plastic Straws? Cities, Restaurants Move to Toss These Sippers","source":"NPR Food","sourceUrl":"https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2018/05/31/615580695/last-straw-for-plastic-straws-cities-restaurants-move-to-toss-these-sippers","nprImageCredit":"Barbara Woike","nprByline":"Sara Kiley Watson, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2018/05/31/615580695/last-straw-for-plastic-straws-cities-restaurants-move-to-toss-these-sippers\">NPR Food\u003c/a>","nprImageAgency":"AP","nprStoryId":"615580695","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=615580695&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2018/05/31/615580695/last-straw-for-plastic-straws-cities-restaurants-move-to-toss-these-sippers?ft=nprml&f=615580695","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Thu, 31 May 2018 14:00:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Thu, 31 May 2018 14:00:08 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Thu, 31 May 2018 14:00:08 -0400","path":"/bayareabites/128648/last-straw-for-plastic-straws-cities-restaurants-move-to-toss-these-sippers","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Slurping up smoothies, sodas and slushies through disposable plastic straws could one day become a thing of the past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The call to toss plastic straws out of our food system is growing louder and louder. On Thursday Bon Appétit, a large food service company, announced it is banning plastic straws in all 1,000 of its cafés in 33 states, including locations like AT&T Park, home of the San Francisco Giants. The company says it plans to complete its transition to paper straws by September 2019.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's the latest salvo in a growing war against straws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The movement to oust plastic straws has spread across the U.S., from \u003ca href=\"https://www.local10.com/food/miami-beach-bans-drinking-straws_20151127184558796\">Miami Beach\u003c/a>, where straws are now banned, to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/04/20/602170604/malibu-moves-to-ban-single-use-plastic\">Malibu\u003c/a>, where the prohibition also extends to single-use plastic utensils and stirrers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The anti-straw movement comes amid growing recognition of the environmental toll of all the single-use plastics we throw out. One compelling example of this: a \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4wH878t78bw\">video of a sea turtle with a plastic straw stuck up its nose\u003c/a>, which was released a few years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2014 alone,\u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-11/documents/2014_smmfactsheet_508.pdf\"> Americans tossed out more than 33 million tons of plastic\u003c/a>, the vast majority of which was not recycled, according to the Environmental Protection Agency. One \u003ca href=\"http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0111913\">2014 study\u003c/a> estimated there are 270,000 metric tons — and more than 5 trillion particles — of plastic in the world's oceans. Straws and stirrers make up more than 7 percent of plastic products found in the environment, according to \u003ca href=\"https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5522e85be4b0b65a7c78ac96/t/5aa0618a8165f553aa68b8b8/1520631281665/5+Gyres+BAN+List2.pdf\">Better Alternatives Now\u003c/a>, or BAN 2.0, an analysis done by several pollution research groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New York City Councilman Rafael L. Espinal Jr., a Democrat from Brooklyn, introduced a bill last week that would prevent restaurants in all five of the city's boroughs from providing plastic straws to customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I've become increasingly aware of the impact that single-use plastic has on our oceans and environment,\" Espinal tells NPR. \"Over the past few years, I started looking at single-use plastics that we can begin to eliminate without having severe impact on New Yorkers' daily lives. Plastic straws happen to be one of those [products].\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill would require that all establishments that serve food or drinks — from Yankee stadium to street food vendors — phase out plastic straws by 2020. Espinal says he hopes to get the bill passed by the end of this summer, adding that \u003ca href=\"http://abc7ny.com/society/councilman-introduces-bill-to-ban-plastic-straws-in-nyc/3513252/\">Mayor Bill de Blasio is already on board\u003c/a> to support the ban.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Companies including Alaska Airlines, as well as educational institutions such as University of Portland and Knox College, have also moved to ban plastic straws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the United Kingdom, several McDonald's locations have \u003ca href=\"https://news.sky.com/story/mcdonalds-to-start-phasing-out-plastic-straws-from-its-uk-restaurants-11306411?dcmp=snt-sf-twitter\">begun testing paper straws and putting plastic straws\u003c/a> behind the counter. However, last week McDonald's \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/5d6c3749abea4ebc9663ea22937f31f6\">voted down a shareholder proposal to study the issue\u003c/a> at the chain's 37,000 locations globally. The fast-food giant's distinctive striped straws are the second-most common brand found in the environment, according to the BAN 2.0 report. The most common: the bright green Starbucks straw.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.marcuseriksen.com/\">Marcus Eriksen\u003c/a> is the co-founder of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.5gyres.org/\">5 Gyres Institute\u003c/a>, a nonprofit that focuses on reducing plastics pollution, and a contributor to the BAN 2.0 paper and the 2014 study on ocean plastic pollution. He says straws are part of a larger movement to reduce the use of plastics in our daily lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Straws are just the next of many,\" Eriksen says. \"Microbeads, plastic bags, styrofoam — they're all on the way out.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some companies are exploring alternatives to plastic straws made of paper or wood. Other businesses have gotten creative, like Paradise Cove restaurant in Malibu, Calif., which now uses compostable, edible pasta in place of plastic straws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are also reusable straws made of silicon, glass and metal on the market. And some businesses have instituted a policy where customers must explicitly request a straw — plastic or otherwise — in order to get one. That's the law in Santa Cruz, Calif., which not only has banned plastic straws but also plastic cutlery and hot beverage lids. Nowadays, the city's food vendors can only provide straws, lids, cutlery and condiment packages if a customer requests them — even if these products are made from compostable materials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New York Councilman Espinal likewise hopes to push his city to eliminate other plastics beyond straws. Another bill he introduced last week would prohibit vendors in parks and beaches from selling beverages in plastic bottles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Espinal says he's gotten largely positive feedback for his call to decrease plastic waste. Hundreds of bars and restaurants in New York have already moved to phase out plastic straws of their own accord.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's a lot of support and this greater consciousness that this is the right thing to do,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2018 NPR. \u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/128648/last-straw-for-plastic-straws-cities-restaurants-move-to-toss-these-sippers","authors":["byline_bayareabites_128648"],"categories":["bayareabites_13306","bayareabites_10028","bayareabites_4084","bayareabites_2035","bayareabites_60"],"tags":["bayareabites_9720","bayareabites_16173"],"featImg":"bayareabites_128649","label":"source_bayareabites_128648"},"bayareabites_126530":{"type":"posts","id":"bayareabites_126530","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"bayareabites","id":"126530","score":null,"sort":[1523223103000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"another-place-plastics-are-turning-up-organic-fertilizer-from-food-waste","title":"Another Place Plastics Are Turning Up: Organic Fertilizer From Food Waste","publishDate":1523223103,"format":"audio","headTitle":"Bay Area Bites | KQED Food","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Tiny particles of plastic are showing up all over the world, floating in the ocean, buried in soil, in food and even in beer. Now there's new research that's found microplastics in fertilizer — organic fertilizer from food waste, in fact.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Collecting food waste to make fertilizer is a big deal in parts of Europe and is catching on in the U.S. But \u003ca href=\"http://www.chemie.uni-bayreuth.de/macromolecules/en/mitarbeiter/mit/mitarbeiter_detail.php?id_obj=29942\">Ruth Freitag\u003c/a>, a chemist at the University of Bayreuth in Germany, says there's a problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2018/04/20180406_atc_another_place_plastics_are_turning_up_organic_fertilizer_from_food_waste.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What happens most of the time is that people don't like to put garbage into the bin as it is. They like to wrap it up,\" she says — usually in a plastic bag. Freitag says some of the contamination also comes from plastic food wrappers as well; she can tell by the type of plastic they find.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Writing in the journal \u003cem>Science Advances\u003c/em>, the team \u003ca href=\"http://advances.sciencemag.org/content/4/4/eaap8060\">reports\u003c/a> finding plastic in fertilizer made from food waste from both households and commercial sources. These are small particles, fractions of an inch, that result from the composting or \"biodigesting\" processes that turn organic waste into fertilizer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Freitag says the takeaway message here is that even an environmentally friendly idea like using food waste for fertilizer can go awry in unexpected ways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Some good ideas work, but only when people are responsible,\" she says, noting that German laws for recycling organic waste are pretty clear — and strict. She notes that communities or businesses planning to recycle food waste should keep in mind how easily it can get contaminated with plastic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eventually, she says, the plastic pieces get washed out of the fertilizer that's spread on land and washes into waterways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's where researcher \u003ca href=\"https://rochmanlab.com/\">Chelsea Rochman\u003c/a> at the University of Toronto has been finding tiny pieces of plastic. \"If we move away from the ocean and go upstream,\" she explains, \"there's evidence of microplastics in rivers and lakes and other freshwater bodies.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"http://science.sciencemag.org/content/360/6384/28\">perspective\u003c/a> published this week in the journal \u003cem>Science\u003c/em>, Rochman notes that she's found tiny bits of plastic in what comes out of sewage treatment plants. That \"sludge\" is sometimes used for fertilizer. \"The sewage sludge, for example, that we're spreading on the earth [is] a source of plastic out into the environment,\" says Rothman, who studies aquatic ecology. \"How is that interacting with animals and soils?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rochman says there hasn't been much research on tracking microplastics on land. Most people have been focusing on where it usually ends up: the oceans. But it's clear that microplastics are making their way into the food chain. \"We find it in our seafood,\" says Rochman, \"we find it in our sea salt. There's now evidence of it in drinking water.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rochman says there's good news here, though. As people track the myriad pathways that plastic waste takes, the closer they get to cutting it off at the source. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2018 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Turning food waste into fertilizer is popular in parts of Europe and is catching on in the U.S. But tiny plastics are also making their way into that fertilizer — and into the food chain.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1523223103,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":14,"wordCount":505},"headData":{"title":"Another Place Plastics Are Turning Up: Organic Fertilizer From Food Waste | KQED","description":"Turning food waste into fertilizer is popular in parts of Europe and is catching on in the U.S. But tiny plastics are also making their way into that fertilizer — and into the food chain.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Another Place Plastics Are Turning Up: Organic Fertilizer From Food Waste","datePublished":"2018-04-08T21:31:43.000Z","dateModified":"2018-04-08T21:31:43.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"126530 https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=126530","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2018/04/08/another-place-plastics-are-turning-up-organic-fertilizer-from-food-waste/","disqusTitle":"Another Place Plastics Are Turning Up: Organic Fertilizer From Food Waste","source":"Politics, Activism, Food Safety","sourceUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/bayareabites/category/politics-activism-food-safety","nprImageCredit":"Justin Sullivan","nprByline":"Christopher Joyce, NPR Food","nprImageAgency":"Getty Images","nprStoryId":"600174922","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=600174922&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2018/04/06/600174922/another-place-plastics-are-turning-up-organic-fertilizer-from-food-waste?ft=nprml&f=600174922","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Fri, 06 Apr 2018 23:44:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Fri, 06 Apr 2018 14:34:00 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Fri, 06 Apr 2018 20:50:36 -0400","nprAudio":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2018/04/20180406_atc_another_place_plastics_are_turning_up_organic_fertilizer_from_food_waste.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1025&d=147&p=2&story=600174922&ft=nprml&f=600174922","nprAudioM3u":"http://api.npr.org/m3u/1600288280-88aa26.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1025&d=147&p=2&story=600174922&ft=nprml&f=600174922","path":"/bayareabites/126530/another-place-plastics-are-turning-up-organic-fertilizer-from-food-waste","audioUrl":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2018/04/20180406_atc_another_place_plastics_are_turning_up_organic_fertilizer_from_food_waste.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1025&d=147&p=2&story=600174922&ft=nprml&f=600174922","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Tiny particles of plastic are showing up all over the world, floating in the ocean, buried in soil, in food and even in beer. Now there's new research that's found microplastics in fertilizer — organic fertilizer from food waste, in fact.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Collecting food waste to make fertilizer is a big deal in parts of Europe and is catching on in the U.S. But \u003ca href=\"http://www.chemie.uni-bayreuth.de/macromolecules/en/mitarbeiter/mit/mitarbeiter_detail.php?id_obj=29942\">Ruth Freitag\u003c/a>, a chemist at the University of Bayreuth in Germany, says there's a problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"nprOneAudioLink","attributes":{"named":{"src":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2018/04/20180406_atc_another_place_plastics_are_turning_up_organic_fertilizer_from_food_waste.mp3"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What happens most of the time is that people don't like to put garbage into the bin as it is. They like to wrap it up,\" she says — usually in a plastic bag. Freitag says some of the contamination also comes from plastic food wrappers as well; she can tell by the type of plastic they find.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Writing in the journal \u003cem>Science Advances\u003c/em>, the team \u003ca href=\"http://advances.sciencemag.org/content/4/4/eaap8060\">reports\u003c/a> finding plastic in fertilizer made from food waste from both households and commercial sources. These are small particles, fractions of an inch, that result from the composting or \"biodigesting\" processes that turn organic waste into fertilizer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Freitag says the takeaway message here is that even an environmentally friendly idea like using food waste for fertilizer can go awry in unexpected ways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Some good ideas work, but only when people are responsible,\" she says, noting that German laws for recycling organic waste are pretty clear — and strict. She notes that communities or businesses planning to recycle food waste should keep in mind how easily it can get contaminated with plastic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eventually, she says, the plastic pieces get washed out of the fertilizer that's spread on land and washes into waterways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's where researcher \u003ca href=\"https://rochmanlab.com/\">Chelsea Rochman\u003c/a> at the University of Toronto has been finding tiny pieces of plastic. \"If we move away from the ocean and go upstream,\" she explains, \"there's evidence of microplastics in rivers and lakes and other freshwater bodies.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"http://science.sciencemag.org/content/360/6384/28\">perspective\u003c/a> published this week in the journal \u003cem>Science\u003c/em>, Rochman notes that she's found tiny bits of plastic in what comes out of sewage treatment plants. That \"sludge\" is sometimes used for fertilizer. \"The sewage sludge, for example, that we're spreading on the earth [is] a source of plastic out into the environment,\" says Rothman, who studies aquatic ecology. \"How is that interacting with animals and soils?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rochman says there hasn't been much research on tracking microplastics on land. Most people have been focusing on where it usually ends up: the oceans. But it's clear that microplastics are making their way into the food chain. \"We find it in our seafood,\" says Rochman, \"we find it in our sea salt. There's now evidence of it in drinking water.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rochman says there's good news here, though. As people track the myriad pathways that plastic waste takes, the closer they get to cutting it off at the source. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2018 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/126530/another-place-plastics-are-turning-up-organic-fertilizer-from-food-waste","authors":["byline_bayareabites_126530"],"categories":["bayareabites_10028","bayareabites_4084","bayareabites_2035","bayareabites_358","bayareabites_60"],"tags":["bayareabites_12866","bayareabites_3707","bayareabites_9720"],"featImg":"bayareabites_126531","label":"source_bayareabites_126530"},"bayareabites_107604":{"type":"posts","id":"bayareabites_107604","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"bayareabites","id":"107604","score":null,"sort":[1457742680000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"a-plastic-eating-bacterium-might-help-deal-with-waste-one-day","title":"A Plastic-Eating Bacterium Might Help Deal With Waste One Day","publishDate":1457742680,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Bay Area Bites | KQED Food","labelTerm":{"site":"bayareabites"},"content":"\u003cp>Plastic makes great food packaging. It's waterproof and flexible. And best of all, it's impervious to all known bacteria — until now. Researchers have found a bacterium in the debris fields around a recycling plant in Japan that can feed off a common type of plastic used in clothing, plastic bottles and food packaging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bacterium is a new species called \u003cem>Ideonella sakaiensis\u003c/em>, named for the Japanese city Sakai where it was found growing on plastic debris made from a type of plastic called PET or polyethylene terephthalate. \"It's the most unique thing. This bacterium can degrade PET and then make their body from PET,\" says Shosuke Yoshida, a microbiologist at Kyoto University and lead author on the study published in \u003ca href=\"http://science.sciencemag.org/content/351/6278/1196\">Science\u003c/a> on Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most plastics are insurmountable obstacles for microbes because plastics are large chains of repeating molecules called polymers. The entire chain is far larger than the individual microbe. \"So the organism can't take it inside the cell to metabolize it,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://coateslab.berkeley.edu/\">John Coates\u003c/a>, a microbiologist at the University of California, Berkeley who was not involved with the work. Imagine a baby trying to eat an enormous pizza from the middle. It can't do it. The pie is too big.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But \u003cem>Ideonella sakaiensis\u003c/em>, which we here at NPR have decided to call \"the polymer chomper,\" has two enzymes that can slice and dice the plastic polymer into smaller pieces. In other words, the baby gets a pizza cutter. The bacterium can then take the pieces and eat them, eventually converting the plastic into carbon dioxide and water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After Yoshida and his colleagues isolated the polymer chomper, they were able to watch it disintegrate a plastic film in about six weeks. It would be great if we could culture the bacteria, spray landfills down with them and let them deal with our mountains of plastic refuse. But alas, that may never happen. \"It grows very fast,\" Yoshida explains, \"but it's likely not so useful in the field\" because it chomps very slowly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if getting rid of our plastic waste were so easy, Coates notes, the bacterium would likely have already been found in landfills and anywhere you find mounds of plastic waste.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But with more research, Coates thinks that the bacterium might be engineered for such a purpose. \"It's certainly a move in the right direction. Having an organism that seems to be capable of biodegrading these components directly will help us develop a bioremediation technology,\" he says. Certain species of fungi have been found to be able to degrade plastics before, though none have been converted to landfill-munching purposes. The polymer chomper offers new hope, Coates says, because bacteria are easier to work with and engineer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That doesn't mean we'll ever be able to toss our plastic without care. Recycling will likely remain a better option anyway, Coates adds. \"Environmentally, I would prefer recycling if it can be optimized and improved,\" he says. Biodegrading materials still releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which would contribute to global warming. But in cases where recycling is not feasible, he says, maybe this little bacterium could one day prove a useful alternative. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003cem>Copyright 2016 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Scientists found a new species of bacteria in the debris around a Japanese recycling plant. With the help of two plastic-digesting enzymes, it can eat plastic and use it as a main food source.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1457742680,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":11,"wordCount":537},"headData":{"title":"A Plastic-Eating Bacterium Might Help Deal With Waste One Day | KQED","description":"Scientists found a new species of bacteria in the debris around a Japanese recycling plant. With the help of two plastic-digesting enzymes, it can eat plastic and use it as a main food source.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"A Plastic-Eating Bacterium Might Help Deal With Waste One Day","datePublished":"2016-03-12T00:31:20.000Z","dateModified":"2016-03-12T00:31:20.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"107604 http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=107604","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2016/03/11/a-plastic-eating-bacterium-might-help-deal-with-waste-one-day/","disqusTitle":"A Plastic-Eating Bacterium Might Help Deal With Waste One Day","nprImageCredit":"Pedro Armestre","nprByline":"Angus Chen, \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/author/nprfood/\">NPR Food\u003c/a>","nprImageAgency":"AFP/Getty Images","nprStoryId":"469972237","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=469972237&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2016/03/10/469972237/this-plastic-eating-bacterium-might-help-deal-with-waste-one-day?ft=nprml&f=469972237","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Thu, 10 Mar 2016 19:46:00 -0500","nprStoryDate":"Thu, 10 Mar 2016 16:35:00 -0500","nprLastModifiedDate":"Thu, 10 Mar 2016 19:46:09 -0500","path":"/bayareabites/107604/a-plastic-eating-bacterium-might-help-deal-with-waste-one-day","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Plastic makes great food packaging. It's waterproof and flexible. And best of all, it's impervious to all known bacteria — until now. Researchers have found a bacterium in the debris fields around a recycling plant in Japan that can feed off a common type of plastic used in clothing, plastic bottles and food packaging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bacterium is a new species called \u003cem>Ideonella sakaiensis\u003c/em>, named for the Japanese city Sakai where it was found growing on plastic debris made from a type of plastic called PET or polyethylene terephthalate. \"It's the most unique thing. This bacterium can degrade PET and then make their body from PET,\" says Shosuke Yoshida, a microbiologist at Kyoto University and lead author on the study published in \u003ca href=\"http://science.sciencemag.org/content/351/6278/1196\">Science\u003c/a> on Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most plastics are insurmountable obstacles for microbes because plastics are large chains of repeating molecules called polymers. The entire chain is far larger than the individual microbe. \"So the organism can't take it inside the cell to metabolize it,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://coateslab.berkeley.edu/\">John Coates\u003c/a>, a microbiologist at the University of California, Berkeley who was not involved with the work. Imagine a baby trying to eat an enormous pizza from the middle. It can't do it. The pie is too big.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But \u003cem>Ideonella sakaiensis\u003c/em>, which we here at NPR have decided to call \"the polymer chomper,\" has two enzymes that can slice and dice the plastic polymer into smaller pieces. In other words, the baby gets a pizza cutter. The bacterium can then take the pieces and eat them, eventually converting the plastic into carbon dioxide and water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After Yoshida and his colleagues isolated the polymer chomper, they were able to watch it disintegrate a plastic film in about six weeks. It would be great if we could culture the bacteria, spray landfills down with them and let them deal with our mountains of plastic refuse. But alas, that may never happen. \"It grows very fast,\" Yoshida explains, \"but it's likely not so useful in the field\" because it chomps very slowly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if getting rid of our plastic waste were so easy, Coates notes, the bacterium would likely have already been found in landfills and anywhere you find mounds of plastic waste.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But with more research, Coates thinks that the bacterium might be engineered for such a purpose. \"It's certainly a move in the right direction. Having an organism that seems to be capable of biodegrading these components directly will help us develop a bioremediation technology,\" he says. Certain species of fungi have been found to be able to degrade plastics before, though none have been converted to landfill-munching purposes. The polymer chomper offers new hope, Coates says, because bacteria are easier to work with and engineer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That doesn't mean we'll ever be able to toss our plastic without care. Recycling will likely remain a better option anyway, Coates adds. \"Environmentally, I would prefer recycling if it can be optimized and improved,\" he says. Biodegrading materials still releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which would contribute to global warming. But in cases where recycling is not feasible, he says, maybe this little bacterium could one day prove a useful alternative. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003cem>Copyright 2016 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/107604/a-plastic-eating-bacterium-might-help-deal-with-waste-one-day","authors":["byline_bayareabites_107604"],"categories":["bayareabites_358","bayareabites_60"],"tags":["bayareabites_15350","bayareabites_15349","bayareabites_15347","bayareabites_9720","bayareabites_15348","bayareabites_15346","bayareabites_15351","bayareabites_12867"],"featImg":"bayareabites_107605","label":"bayareabites"},"bayareabites_85175":{"type":"posts","id":"bayareabites_85175","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"bayareabites","id":"85175","score":null,"sort":[1406248233000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"the-weird-underappreciated-world-of-plastic-packaging","title":"The Weird, Underappreciated World Of Plastic Packaging","publishDate":1406248233,"format":"aside","headTitle":"Bay Area Bites | KQED Food","labelTerm":{"site":"bayareabites"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_85176\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 3833px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/07/plasticpackages_wide-ec42ceb06d0a2db386994df8e75725ad4c304ff8.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/07/plasticpackages_wide-ec42ceb06d0a2db386994df8e75725ad4c304ff8.jpg\" alt=\"Food companies spend a lot of time and resources coming up with the perfect plastic packaging to keep their products fresh. Photo: iStockphoto\" width=\"3833\" height=\"2157\" class=\"size-full wp-image-85176\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Food companies spend a lot of time and resources coming up with the perfect plastic packaging to keep their products fresh. Photo: iStockphoto\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>by Maanvi Singh, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/07/24/334617901/the-weird-underappreciated-world-of-plastic-packaging\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (7/24/14)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like it or not, plastic packaging has become an ingrained part of the food system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While it's clearly wasteful to buy salad, sandwiches and chips encased in plastic and then promptly throw that plastic away, we take for granted how it keeps so much of what we eat fresh and portable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And behind many of those packages that allow us to eat on the go or savor perishable cookies or fish imported from the other side of the globe is a whole lot of science and innovation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plastic revolution in food packaging began in the 1960s, says Aaron Brody, a food packaging consultant and an adjunct professor of food science at the University of Georgia. It took off because plastic was lighter than glass, more protective than paper and relatively cheap.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"But there is no such thing as the perfect plastic material,\" Brody says. So a lot of our packaging is made by combining different types of food-grade plastic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take a bag of potato chips. It's mostly made out of a plastic called oriented polypropylene. \"It's an excellent moisture barrier,\" Brody notes. And that's key, \"because potato chips first start to deteriorate by absorbing moisture. People don't like soggy chips.\" To further strengthen the material, many chip bags have a thin aluminum coating on the inside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A layer of polyethylene (the stuff plastic grocery bags are made of) is sandwiched between this inner layer and the outer layer, which displays the brand and nutrition info.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before the bags are all sealed up, most companies fill them with nitrogen gas, Brody says. \"It keeps the chips from getting crushed,\" he says. And whereas oxygen would cause the fat in the chips to oxidize and taste funny, nitrogen doesn't cause any chemical reactions that affect the flavor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Food companies often spend a lot of time coming up with the perfect packaging to best preserve each product they sell, Brody says. So does the military. As we've \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2011/12/14/143722936/how-the-army-made-a-sandwich-that-stays-fresh-for-two-years\">reported\u003c/a>, the Army figured out how to package a sandwich that stays fresh for up to two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like chip bags, bags of ready-to-serve salad are made of polypropylene, and packed with a bunch of nitrogen gas. But unlike chips, salad leaves need to breathe with a little bit of oxygen. That's why salad bags have microperforations, Brody says. \"The holes let oxygen come in and carbon dioxide get out.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And often, the inside of these bags has a thin, anti-fog coating, Brody adds. \"So there's no condensation, and you can see the beautiful green leaves.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With a lot of packaging, manufacturers have to worry not only about keeping air out, but also locking in the moisture they want to keep in the food. That's a big one when it comes to packaging ice cream, Brody says. A tub of ice cream has to be easy to open and close, but it has to have a tight seal to keep in the water that helps give ice cream its smooth texture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inside a freezer, sublimation can sometimes occur — that's when water goes from a solid state directly to a gas. \"The water is irreversibly lost,\" Brody says. \"And if you lose moisture, the ice cream becomes sandy, grainy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's why paper tubs of ice cream are coated with polyethylene, Brody says. And the fancier tubs are made of thick, sturdy materials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, even after all the research and development, most plastic packaging won't hold up in extreme environments, says Herbert Stone, a consultant for the food industry and a past president of the Institute of Food Technologists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When food companies use a plastic container, they have to be sure that it won't change the way the product tastes,\" Stone says. Plastic isn't an inert material, he adds, so it can react with other chemicals. And unlike a lot of glass and metal, it can let air through.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Have you ever left a plastic bottle of water in a hot car for too long? It'll probably taste funny. But despite what you might think, that's not because chemicals from the plastic are leeching into the food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tiny amounts of air can pass though plastic — and when it's hot, the air starts moving faster, Stone says. Heat also speeds up chemical reactions. And when chemicals inside the bottle react with each other, or with chemicals from the outside environment, your water can start to taste pretty funky, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leave a bottle of soda in a hot car, and the carbonation can quickly escape out of the container. \"So you end up with flat soda,\" Stone says. \"Plastic is very convenient, but it's not perfect.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beyond its technical limitations, all the plastic packaging we use these days generates a lot of excess trash. In 2012, Americans generated 14 million tons of \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/osw/conserve/materials/plastics.htm\">plastic waste\u003c/a> from packaging and containers. Because plastic doesn't biodegrade easily, it sometimes ends up in our oceans where it \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2014/06/17/322959714/plastics-dont-disappear-but-they-do-end-up-in-sea-birds-bellies\">hurts\u003c/a> marine life and may even \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2013/12/13/how-plastic-in-the-ocean-is-contaminating-your-seafood/\">contaminate seafood\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And though we're able to recycle many types of plastic, all the nifty packaging that uses multiple layers of plastic is \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921344910002053\">hard to recycle\u003c/a>, since different plastics are processed separately at recycling centers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But we are getting better at making effective and environmentally friendly plastics, Stone says. We're even figuring out how to take waste products like \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2012/01/13/145184359/waste-whey-some-say-no-way\">whey protein\u003c/a> and turn them into plastic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"So much of the food we eat these days is encased in plastic. And behind it is a whole lot of research and innovation. We dive into some of the materials that keep food fresh and portable.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1406248356,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":26,"wordCount":954},"headData":{"title":"The Weird, Underappreciated World Of Plastic Packaging | KQED","description":"So much of the food we eat these days is encased in plastic. And behind it is a whole lot of research and innovation. We dive into some of the materials that keep food fresh and portable.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"The Weird, Underappreciated World Of Plastic Packaging","datePublished":"2014-07-25T00:30:33.000Z","dateModified":"2014-07-25T00:32:36.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"85175 http://blogs.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=85175","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2014/07/24/the-weird-underappreciated-world-of-plastic-packaging/","disqusTitle":"The Weird, Underappreciated World Of Plastic Packaging","nprByline":"Maanvi Singh","nprStoryId":"334617901","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=334617901&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/07/24/334617901/the-weird-underappreciated-world-of-plastic-packaging?ft=3&f=334617901","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Thu, 24 Jul 2014 18:39:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Thu, 24 Jul 2014 17:26:00 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Thu, 24 Jul 2014 18:39:44 -0400","path":"/bayareabites/85175/the-weird-underappreciated-world-of-plastic-packaging","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_85176\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 3833px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/07/plasticpackages_wide-ec42ceb06d0a2db386994df8e75725ad4c304ff8.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/07/plasticpackages_wide-ec42ceb06d0a2db386994df8e75725ad4c304ff8.jpg\" alt=\"Food companies spend a lot of time and resources coming up with the perfect plastic packaging to keep their products fresh. Photo: iStockphoto\" width=\"3833\" height=\"2157\" class=\"size-full wp-image-85176\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Food companies spend a lot of time and resources coming up with the perfect plastic packaging to keep their products fresh. Photo: iStockphoto\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>by Maanvi Singh, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/07/24/334617901/the-weird-underappreciated-world-of-plastic-packaging\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (7/24/14)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like it or not, plastic packaging has become an ingrained part of the food system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While it's clearly wasteful to buy salad, sandwiches and chips encased in plastic and then promptly throw that plastic away, we take for granted how it keeps so much of what we eat fresh and portable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And behind many of those packages that allow us to eat on the go or savor perishable cookies or fish imported from the other side of the globe is a whole lot of science and innovation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plastic revolution in food packaging began in the 1960s, says Aaron Brody, a food packaging consultant and an adjunct professor of food science at the University of Georgia. It took off because plastic was lighter than glass, more protective than paper and relatively cheap.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"But there is no such thing as the perfect plastic material,\" Brody says. So a lot of our packaging is made by combining different types of food-grade plastic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take a bag of potato chips. It's mostly made out of a plastic called oriented polypropylene. \"It's an excellent moisture barrier,\" Brody notes. And that's key, \"because potato chips first start to deteriorate by absorbing moisture. People don't like soggy chips.\" To further strengthen the material, many chip bags have a thin aluminum coating on the inside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A layer of polyethylene (the stuff plastic grocery bags are made of) is sandwiched between this inner layer and the outer layer, which displays the brand and nutrition info.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before the bags are all sealed up, most companies fill them with nitrogen gas, Brody says. \"It keeps the chips from getting crushed,\" he says. And whereas oxygen would cause the fat in the chips to oxidize and taste funny, nitrogen doesn't cause any chemical reactions that affect the flavor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Food companies often spend a lot of time coming up with the perfect packaging to best preserve each product they sell, Brody says. So does the military. As we've \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2011/12/14/143722936/how-the-army-made-a-sandwich-that-stays-fresh-for-two-years\">reported\u003c/a>, the Army figured out how to package a sandwich that stays fresh for up to two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like chip bags, bags of ready-to-serve salad are made of polypropylene, and packed with a bunch of nitrogen gas. But unlike chips, salad leaves need to breathe with a little bit of oxygen. That's why salad bags have microperforations, Brody says. \"The holes let oxygen come in and carbon dioxide get out.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And often, the inside of these bags has a thin, anti-fog coating, Brody adds. \"So there's no condensation, and you can see the beautiful green leaves.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With a lot of packaging, manufacturers have to worry not only about keeping air out, but also locking in the moisture they want to keep in the food. That's a big one when it comes to packaging ice cream, Brody says. A tub of ice cream has to be easy to open and close, but it has to have a tight seal to keep in the water that helps give ice cream its smooth texture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inside a freezer, sublimation can sometimes occur — that's when water goes from a solid state directly to a gas. \"The water is irreversibly lost,\" Brody says. \"And if you lose moisture, the ice cream becomes sandy, grainy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's why paper tubs of ice cream are coated with polyethylene, Brody says. And the fancier tubs are made of thick, sturdy materials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, even after all the research and development, most plastic packaging won't hold up in extreme environments, says Herbert Stone, a consultant for the food industry and a past president of the Institute of Food Technologists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When food companies use a plastic container, they have to be sure that it won't change the way the product tastes,\" Stone says. Plastic isn't an inert material, he adds, so it can react with other chemicals. And unlike a lot of glass and metal, it can let air through.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Have you ever left a plastic bottle of water in a hot car for too long? It'll probably taste funny. But despite what you might think, that's not because chemicals from the plastic are leeching into the food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tiny amounts of air can pass though plastic — and when it's hot, the air starts moving faster, Stone says. Heat also speeds up chemical reactions. And when chemicals inside the bottle react with each other, or with chemicals from the outside environment, your water can start to taste pretty funky, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leave a bottle of soda in a hot car, and the carbonation can quickly escape out of the container. \"So you end up with flat soda,\" Stone says. \"Plastic is very convenient, but it's not perfect.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beyond its technical limitations, all the plastic packaging we use these days generates a lot of excess trash. In 2012, Americans generated 14 million tons of \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/osw/conserve/materials/plastics.htm\">plastic waste\u003c/a> from packaging and containers. Because plastic doesn't biodegrade easily, it sometimes ends up in our oceans where it \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2014/06/17/322959714/plastics-dont-disappear-but-they-do-end-up-in-sea-birds-bellies\">hurts\u003c/a> marine life and may even \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2013/12/13/how-plastic-in-the-ocean-is-contaminating-your-seafood/\">contaminate seafood\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And though we're able to recycle many types of plastic, all the nifty packaging that uses multiple layers of plastic is \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921344910002053\">hard to recycle\u003c/a>, since different plastics are processed separately at recycling centers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But we are getting better at making effective and environmentally friendly plastics, Stone says. We're even figuring out how to take waste products like \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2012/01/13/145184359/waste-whey-some-say-no-way\">whey protein\u003c/a> and turn them into plastic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/85175/the-weird-underappreciated-world-of-plastic-packaging","authors":["byline_bayareabites_85175"],"categories":["bayareabites_10916","bayareabites_60"],"tags":["bayareabites_9720","bayareabites_10921"],"featImg":"bayareabites_85176","label":"bayareabites"},"bayareabites_75078":{"type":"posts","id":"bayareabites_75078","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"bayareabites","id":"75078","score":null,"sort":[1386962247000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"how-plastic-in-the-ocean-is-contaminating-your-seafood","title":"How Plastic In The Ocean Is Contaminating Your Seafood","publishDate":1386962247,"format":"aside","headTitle":"Bay Area Bites | KQED Food","labelTerm":{"site":"bayareabites"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_75079\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 858px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/12/dead-fish_wide-9b6eefc8843a8539bef58d594ecc121b5fa80f83.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/12/dead-fish_wide-9b6eefc8843a8539bef58d594ecc121b5fa80f83.jpg\" alt=\""A lot of people are eating seafood all the time, and fish are eating plastic all the time, so I think that's a problem," a marine toxicologist says. Photo: iStockphoto.com\" width=\"858\" height=\"481\" class=\"size-full wp-image-75079\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">\"A lot of people are eating seafood all the time, and fish are eating plastic all the time, so I think that's a problem,\" a marine toxicologist says. Photo: iStockphoto.com\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Post by Eliza Barclay, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/12/12/250438904/how-plastic-in-the-ocean-is-contaminating-your-seafood\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (12/13/13)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We've long known that the fish we eat are exposed to toxic chemicals in the rivers, bays and oceans they inhabit. The substance that's gotten the most attention — because it has shown up at disturbingly high levels in some fish — is \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/11/20/246398619/moms-to-be-are-eating-fish-but-choosing-low-mercury-options\">mercury\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But mercury is just one of a slew of synthetic and organic pollutants that fish can ingest and absorb into their tissue. Sometimes it's because we're dumping chemicals right into the ocean. But as a \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/srep/2013/131121/srep03263/full/srep03263.html\">study\u003c/a> published recently in \u003cem>Nature, Scientific Reports\u003c/em> helps illuminate, sometimes fish get chemicals from the plastic debris they ingest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The ocean is basically a toilet bowl for all of our chemical pollutants and waste in general,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www-rohan.sdsu.edu/~crochman/Welcome.html\">Chelsea Rochman\u003c/a>, a postdoctoral researcher at the University of California, Davis, who authored the study. \"Eventually, we start to see those contaminants high up in the food chain, in seafood and wildlife.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For many years, scientists have known that chemicals will move up the food chain as predators absorb the chemicals consumed by their prey. That's why the biggest, fattiest fish, like tuna and swordfish, tend to have the highest levels of mercury, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and other dioxins. (And that's concerning, given that canned tuna was the second most popular fish consumed in the U.S. in 2012, \u003ca href=\"http://www.aboutseafood.com/press/press-releases/seafood-s-top-10-most-popular-illustrate-america-s-comfort-zone\">according to\u003c/a> the National Fisheries Institute.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What scientists didn't know was exactly what role plastics played in transferring these chemicals into the food chain. To find out, Rochman and her co-authors fed medaka, a fish species often used in experiments, three different diets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One group of medaka got regular fish food, one group got a diet that was 10 percent \"clean\" plastic (with no pollutants) and a third group got a diet with 10 percent plastic that had been soaking in the San Diego Bay for several months. When they tested the fish two months later, they found that the ones on the marine plastic diet had much higher levels of persistent organic pollutants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Plastics — when they end up in the ocean — are a sponge for chemicals already out there,\" says Rochman. \"We found that when the plastic interacts with the juices in the [fish's] stomach, the chemicals come off of plastic and are transferred into the bloodstream or tissue.\" The fish on the marine plastic diet were also more likely to have tumors and liver problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While it's impossible to know whether any given fish you buy at the seafood counter has consumed this much plastic, Rochman's findings do have implications for human health, she notes. \"A lot of people are eating seafood all the time, and fish are eating plastic all the time, so I think that's a problem.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And there's a lot of plastic out there in the open ocean. As Edward Humes, author of \u003cem>Garbology\u003c/em>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2012/04/26/150735732/following-garbages-long-journey-around-the-earth\">told\u003c/a> \u003cem>Fresh Air\u003c/em>'s Terry Gross in 2012, the weight of plastic finding its way into the sea each year is estimated to be equivalent to the weight of 40 aircraft carriers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consider the five massive gyres of trash particles swirling around in the Indian, Atlantic and Pacific oceans alone. Those gyres, Hume told Gross, contain \"plastic that has been weathered and broken down by the elements into these little bits, and it's getting into the food chain.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of those gyres is the infamous \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2012/05/09/152350088/study-plastic-garbage-in-pacific-ocean-has-increased-100-fold-in-40-years\">Great Pacific Garbage Patch\u003c/a>. Fish could encounter the plastic in those gyres, but also much closer to shore, says Rochman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even so, \u003ca href=\"http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=203640\">the consensus\u003c/a> in the public health community still seems to be that the benefits of eating fish — because of their omega-3 fatty acids, among other assets — exceed the potential risks. And many researchers advocating for Americans to increase their fish consumption argue that the levels of dioxins, PCBs and other toxic chemicals in fish are generally too low to be of concern.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Environmental Protection Agency does put out \u003ca href=\"http://water.epa.gov/scitech/swguidance/fishshellfish/fishadvisories/general.cfm\">advisories\u003c/a> to warn consumers when fish get contaminated with chemicals in local U.S. waters. But a lot of our seafood now comes from foreign waters, which the EPA does not monitor. Just a \u003ca href=\"http://www.gao.gov/assets/650/649010.pdf\">tiny fraction\u003c/a> of imported fish get tested for contaminants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for Rochman, she says her research in marine toxicology has persuaded her to eat seafood no more than twice per week. And she now avoids swordfish altogether. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2013 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Fish can absorb toxic chemicals that have been dumped into waterways, but they can also get them from eating plastic. And there's a lot of plastic in the open ocean, which scientists say can act like a sponge, soaking up the chemicals already out there.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1386962247,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":18,"wordCount":779},"headData":{"title":"How Plastic In The Ocean Is Contaminating Your Seafood | KQED","description":"Fish can absorb toxic chemicals that have been dumped into waterways, but they can also get them from eating plastic. And there's a lot of plastic in the open ocean, which scientists say can act like a sponge, soaking up the chemicals already out there.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"How Plastic In The Ocean Is Contaminating Your Seafood","datePublished":"2013-12-13T19:17:27.000Z","dateModified":"2013-12-13T19:17:27.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"75078 http://blogs.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=75078","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2013/12/13/how-plastic-in-the-ocean-is-contaminating-your-seafood/","disqusTitle":"How Plastic In The Ocean Is Contaminating Your Seafood","nprByline":"Eliza Barclay","nprStoryId":"250438904","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=250438904&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/12/12/250438904/how-plastic-in-the-ocean-is-contaminating-your-seafood?ft=3&f=250438904","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Fri, 13 Dec 2013 10:08:00 -0500","nprStoryDate":"Fri, 13 Dec 2013 10:07:00 -0500","nprLastModifiedDate":"Fri, 13 Dec 2013 10:08:19 -0500","path":"/bayareabites/75078/how-plastic-in-the-ocean-is-contaminating-your-seafood","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_75079\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 858px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/12/dead-fish_wide-9b6eefc8843a8539bef58d594ecc121b5fa80f83.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/12/dead-fish_wide-9b6eefc8843a8539bef58d594ecc121b5fa80f83.jpg\" alt=\""A lot of people are eating seafood all the time, and fish are eating plastic all the time, so I think that's a problem," a marine toxicologist says. Photo: iStockphoto.com\" width=\"858\" height=\"481\" class=\"size-full wp-image-75079\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">\"A lot of people are eating seafood all the time, and fish are eating plastic all the time, so I think that's a problem,\" a marine toxicologist says. Photo: iStockphoto.com\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Post by Eliza Barclay, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/12/12/250438904/how-plastic-in-the-ocean-is-contaminating-your-seafood\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (12/13/13)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We've long known that the fish we eat are exposed to toxic chemicals in the rivers, bays and oceans they inhabit. The substance that's gotten the most attention — because it has shown up at disturbingly high levels in some fish — is \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/11/20/246398619/moms-to-be-are-eating-fish-but-choosing-low-mercury-options\">mercury\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But mercury is just one of a slew of synthetic and organic pollutants that fish can ingest and absorb into their tissue. Sometimes it's because we're dumping chemicals right into the ocean. But as a \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/srep/2013/131121/srep03263/full/srep03263.html\">study\u003c/a> published recently in \u003cem>Nature, Scientific Reports\u003c/em> helps illuminate, sometimes fish get chemicals from the plastic debris they ingest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The ocean is basically a toilet bowl for all of our chemical pollutants and waste in general,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www-rohan.sdsu.edu/~crochman/Welcome.html\">Chelsea Rochman\u003c/a>, a postdoctoral researcher at the University of California, Davis, who authored the study. \"Eventually, we start to see those contaminants high up in the food chain, in seafood and wildlife.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For many years, scientists have known that chemicals will move up the food chain as predators absorb the chemicals consumed by their prey. That's why the biggest, fattiest fish, like tuna and swordfish, tend to have the highest levels of mercury, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and other dioxins. (And that's concerning, given that canned tuna was the second most popular fish consumed in the U.S. in 2012, \u003ca href=\"http://www.aboutseafood.com/press/press-releases/seafood-s-top-10-most-popular-illustrate-america-s-comfort-zone\">according to\u003c/a> the National Fisheries Institute.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What scientists didn't know was exactly what role plastics played in transferring these chemicals into the food chain. To find out, Rochman and her co-authors fed medaka, a fish species often used in experiments, three different diets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One group of medaka got regular fish food, one group got a diet that was 10 percent \"clean\" plastic (with no pollutants) and a third group got a diet with 10 percent plastic that had been soaking in the San Diego Bay for several months. When they tested the fish two months later, they found that the ones on the marine plastic diet had much higher levels of persistent organic pollutants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Plastics — when they end up in the ocean — are a sponge for chemicals already out there,\" says Rochman. \"We found that when the plastic interacts with the juices in the [fish's] stomach, the chemicals come off of plastic and are transferred into the bloodstream or tissue.\" The fish on the marine plastic diet were also more likely to have tumors and liver problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While it's impossible to know whether any given fish you buy at the seafood counter has consumed this much plastic, Rochman's findings do have implications for human health, she notes. \"A lot of people are eating seafood all the time, and fish are eating plastic all the time, so I think that's a problem.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And there's a lot of plastic out there in the open ocean. As Edward Humes, author of \u003cem>Garbology\u003c/em>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2012/04/26/150735732/following-garbages-long-journey-around-the-earth\">told\u003c/a> \u003cem>Fresh Air\u003c/em>'s Terry Gross in 2012, the weight of plastic finding its way into the sea each year is estimated to be equivalent to the weight of 40 aircraft carriers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consider the five massive gyres of trash particles swirling around in the Indian, Atlantic and Pacific oceans alone. Those gyres, Hume told Gross, contain \"plastic that has been weathered and broken down by the elements into these little bits, and it's getting into the food chain.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of those gyres is the infamous \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2012/05/09/152350088/study-plastic-garbage-in-pacific-ocean-has-increased-100-fold-in-40-years\">Great Pacific Garbage Patch\u003c/a>. Fish could encounter the plastic in those gyres, but also much closer to shore, says Rochman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even so, \u003ca href=\"http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=203640\">the consensus\u003c/a> in the public health community still seems to be that the benefits of eating fish — because of their omega-3 fatty acids, among other assets — exceed the potential risks. And many researchers advocating for Americans to increase their fish consumption argue that the levels of dioxins, PCBs and other toxic chemicals in fish are generally too low to be of concern.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Environmental Protection Agency does put out \u003ca href=\"http://water.epa.gov/scitech/swguidance/fishshellfish/fishadvisories/general.cfm\">advisories\u003c/a> to warn consumers when fish get contaminated with chemicals in local U.S. waters. But a lot of our seafood now comes from foreign waters, which the EPA does not monitor. Just a \u003ca href=\"http://www.gao.gov/assets/650/649010.pdf\">tiny fraction\u003c/a> of imported fish get tested for contaminants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for Rochman, she says her research in marine toxicology has persuaded her to eat seafood no more than twice per week. And she now avoids swordfish altogether. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2013 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/75078/how-plastic-in-the-ocean-is-contaminating-your-seafood","authors":["byline_bayareabites_75078"],"categories":["bayareabites_1245","bayareabites_10916","bayareabites_60"],"tags":["bayareabites_12641","bayareabites_376","bayareabites_9720","bayareabites_12790","bayareabites_323","bayareabites_10921"],"featImg":"bayareabites_75079","label":"bayareabites"},"bayareabites_46673":{"type":"posts","id":"bayareabites_46673","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"bayareabites","id":"46673","score":null,"sort":[1347202819000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"kqeds-forum-a-mostly-plastic-free-life","title":"KQED's Forum: A (Mostly) Plastic-Free Life","publishDate":1347202819,"format":"aside","headTitle":"Bay Area Bites | KQED Food","labelTerm":{"site":"bayareabites"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2012/08/Plastics20120731248x140.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2012/08/Plastics20120731248x140.jpg\" alt=\"Plastic bottles. Photo: Jeffrey Hamilton/Getty Images\" title=\"Plastic bottles. Photo: Jeffrey Hamilton/Getty Images\" width=\"248\" height=\"140\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-46679\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Plastic bottles. Photo: Jeffrey Hamilton/Getty Images\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2007, Oakland's Beth Terry decided to give up plastic after seeing a picture of a dead seabird, its stomach filled with plastic bottle caps. Her decision spawned a blog, a book and a movement to make people aware of how much plastic they consume. KQED's Forum talks to Terry about how, and why, people should reduce their plastic use, from changes obvious (carry your own reusable water bottle) to the surprising (kick that chewing gum habit).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/a/forum/R201208011000\">Original Broadcast:\u003c/a> Wed, Aug 1, 2012 -- 10:00 AM\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cobject width=\"335\" height=\"85\">\u003cparam name=\"movie\" value=\"http://www.kqed.org/assets/flash/kqedplayer.swf\">\u003cparam name=\"flashvars\" value=\"file=http://www.kqed.org/radio/archives/R201208011000.xml\">\u003cembed src=\"http://www.kqed.org/assets/flash/kqedplayer.swf\" type=\"application/x-shockwave-flash\" width=\"335\" height=\"85\" flashvars=\"file=http://www.kqed.org/radio/archives/R201208011000.xml\">\u003c/embed>\u003c/object>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> [audio src=\"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/forum/2012/08/20120801bforum.mp3\"] \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003cstrong>Host:\u003c/strong> Scott Shafer\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cstrong>Guests:\u003c/strong>\n\u003cli>Beth Terry, author of \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.amazon.com/Plastic-Free-How-Kicked-Plastic-Habit/dp/1616086246\">Plastic Free: How I Kicked the Plastic Habit and How You Can Too\u003c/a>\" and the blog \u003ca href=\"http://myplasticfreelife.com/\">myplasticfreelife.com\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Danielle Richardet, from Willmington, NC, took Beth Terry's plastic trash challenge for one year\u003c/li>\n\u003cli> Marianne Davis, from St. Paul, MN, took Beth Terry's plastic trash challenge for one month\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>12 Simple Ways to Reduce Your Plastic Footprint\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nby Amanda Stupi\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beth Terry says she doesn't hate plastic. She simply \"hates what we do with it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those are about the kindest words Terry has about the petroleum-based product. She is the author of \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.amazon.com/Plastic-Free-How-Kicked-Plastic-Habit/dp/1616086246\">Plastic Free: How I Kicked the Plastic Habit and How You Can Too\u003c/a>,\" and the blog \u003ca href=\"http://myplasticfreelife.com/\">myplasticfreelife.com\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Terry's transformation to plastic-activist started when she saw a photograph of a dead sea-bird whose insides were filled with plastic objects like bottle caps, cigarette lighters -- even a toothbrush. That photo launched Terry onto a singular mission -- to cut down the amount of plastic in the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while Terry is not alone -- more than ever the public has taken a critical eye toward plastic -- both for perceived negative effects on the environment and health -- many of us carry a \u003ca href=\"http://www.mysigg.com/\">metal SIGG bottle\u003c/a> with us, throw plastic containers into the recycling bin and call it a day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Terry does much more and says that it's not that difficult for us to do more too. Here, gleaned from Terry's \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/a/forum/R201208011000\">interview with guest host Scott Shafer on Forum\u003c/a> are 12 straightforward ways to reduce the amount of plastic in your life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>1. Pay attention\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Terry suggests before even trying to rid your life of plastic, simply take some time to become aware of how and when you use it. Here website has a \"\u003ca href=\"http://myplasticfreelife.com/showyourplastic/\">plastic challenge\u003c/a>\" that encourage people to track their plastic use for one week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's amazing, the awareness that comes though doing the challenge, says Marianne Davis, who took Terry's challenge.\" After completing in the challenge, Davis says \"Whenever you touch plastic you kind of are, like \"Wait a second, what do I about this? Do I really need this? Is there an alternative to this?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>2. When dining out, request drinks without plastic straws.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>3. Buy milk in glass bottles.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though many people don't associate milk cartons with plastic, they are actually lined with a plastic film. Terry says that pretty much any packaging that is leak-proof has plastic in it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>4. Give up chewing gum and hard candies.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yes, chewing gum is plastic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>5. Buy in bulk and bring your own reusable food containers and bags to the store.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Terry and her husband bring a stainless steel bucket to the butcher counter and ask them butcher to put the meat in that instead of plastic-lined paper. She recommends frequenting the same businesses so that they grow accustomed to your request. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>6. Use a tool lending library.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If it's a tool that you're only going to use once, why buy a brand new one,\" says Terry. \"Borrow it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>7. Shop secondhand and shop less overall.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it comes to durable items like electronics and appliances, Terry asks herself \"Do I really need something new?\" If it turns out that she does need the item she finds \"a way to get it so that I'm not creating more demand for new plastic in the world. I look for it secondhand or I borrow it, or rent it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>8. Bring own food containers to restaurants.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>9. When you place an order, request that it be shipped without plastic packaging.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>10. Send an email.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Contact your state legislators and let them know that you support \u003ca href=\"http://www.aroundthecapitol.com/Bills/AB_298/20112012/\">AB 298\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.aroundthecapitol.com/Bills/SB_568/20112012/\">SB 568\u003c/a>. Contact your Senators and let them know that you support the \u003ca href=\"http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/z?c112:S.847:\">Safe Chemicals Act, S. 847\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>11. Don't use new plastic bags to pick up after your dogs.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead use newspapers, pages from an old telephone book or plastic bags that are already lying around your house.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>12. Give feedback to companies.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When you find a product you want that's packaged in plastic, write a letter to the company asking if they'll switch the packaging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And lastly, if you start to get frustrated, there's this last bit of advice:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>13. Focus on can, not can't.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Focus on the areas where we're creating the most waste and have the most impact. Don't get hung up on if they're plenty of other things you can be doing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, don't lament the plastic in your contact lenses or prescription bottles if you still haven't changed the things you can more easily control.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Terry says it's important to smart small and \"go at your own pace.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's important to take it step by step,\" says Terry. \"I emphasize constantly: 'Choose one thing, make it a habit, do the next step, make it a habit.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Beth Terry's TED Talk\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"http://www.youtube.com/embed/3JXWRVrFiKs\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen>\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"In 2007, Oakland's Beth Terry decided to give up plastic after seeing a picture of a dead seabird, its stomach filled with plastic bottle caps. Her decision spawned a blog, a book and a movement to make people aware of how much plastic they consume. KQED's Forum talks to Terry about how, and why, people should reduce their plastic use, from changes obvious (carry your own reusable water bottle) to the surprising (kick that chewing gum habit).","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1349805831,"stats":{"hasAudio":true,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":true,"iframeSrcs":["http://www.youtube.com/embed/3JXWRVrFiKs"],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":44,"wordCount":941},"headData":{"title":"KQED's Forum: A (Mostly) Plastic-Free Life | KQED","description":"In 2007, Oakland's Beth Terry decided to give up plastic after seeing a picture of a dead seabird, its stomach filled with plastic bottle caps. Her decision spawned a blog, a book and a movement to make people aware of how much plastic they consume. KQED's Forum talks to Terry about how, and why, people should reduce their plastic use, from changes obvious (carry your own reusable water bottle) to the surprising (kick that chewing gum habit).","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"KQED's Forum: A (Mostly) Plastic-Free Life","datePublished":"2012-09-09T15:00:19.000Z","dateModified":"2012-10-09T18:03:51.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"46673 http://blogs.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=46673","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2012/09/09/kqeds-forum-a-mostly-plastic-free-life/","disqusTitle":"KQED's Forum: A (Mostly) Plastic-Free Life","path":"/bayareabites/46673/kqeds-forum-a-mostly-plastic-free-life","audioUrl":"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/forum/2012/08/20120801bforum.mp3","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2012/08/Plastics20120731248x140.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2012/08/Plastics20120731248x140.jpg\" alt=\"Plastic bottles. Photo: Jeffrey Hamilton/Getty Images\" title=\"Plastic bottles. Photo: Jeffrey Hamilton/Getty Images\" width=\"248\" height=\"140\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-46679\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Plastic bottles. Photo: Jeffrey Hamilton/Getty Images\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2007, Oakland's Beth Terry decided to give up plastic after seeing a picture of a dead seabird, its stomach filled with plastic bottle caps. Her decision spawned a blog, a book and a movement to make people aware of how much plastic they consume. KQED's Forum talks to Terry about how, and why, people should reduce their plastic use, from changes obvious (carry your own reusable water bottle) to the surprising (kick that chewing gum habit).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/a/forum/R201208011000\">Original Broadcast:\u003c/a> Wed, Aug 1, 2012 -- 10:00 AM\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cobject width=\"335\" height=\"85\">\u003cparam name=\"movie\" value=\"http://www.kqed.org/assets/flash/kqedplayer.swf\">\u003cparam name=\"flashvars\" value=\"file=http://www.kqed.org/radio/archives/R201208011000.xml\">\u003cembed src=\"http://www.kqed.org/assets/flash/kqedplayer.swf\" type=\"application/x-shockwave-flash\" width=\"335\" height=\"85\" flashvars=\"file=http://www.kqed.org/radio/archives/R201208011000.xml\">\u003c/embed>\u003c/object>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"audio","attributes":{"named":{"src":"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/forum/2012/08/20120801bforum.mp3","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003cstrong>Host:\u003c/strong> Scott Shafer\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cstrong>Guests:\u003c/strong>\n\u003cli>Beth Terry, author of \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.amazon.com/Plastic-Free-How-Kicked-Plastic-Habit/dp/1616086246\">Plastic Free: How I Kicked the Plastic Habit and How You Can Too\u003c/a>\" and the blog \u003ca href=\"http://myplasticfreelife.com/\">myplasticfreelife.com\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Danielle Richardet, from Willmington, NC, took Beth Terry's plastic trash challenge for one year\u003c/li>\n\u003cli> Marianne Davis, from St. Paul, MN, took Beth Terry's plastic trash challenge for one month\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>12 Simple Ways to Reduce Your Plastic Footprint\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nby Amanda Stupi\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beth Terry says she doesn't hate plastic. She simply \"hates what we do with it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those are about the kindest words Terry has about the petroleum-based product. She is the author of \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.amazon.com/Plastic-Free-How-Kicked-Plastic-Habit/dp/1616086246\">Plastic Free: How I Kicked the Plastic Habit and How You Can Too\u003c/a>,\" and the blog \u003ca href=\"http://myplasticfreelife.com/\">myplasticfreelife.com\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Terry's transformation to plastic-activist started when she saw a photograph of a dead sea-bird whose insides were filled with plastic objects like bottle caps, cigarette lighters -- even a toothbrush. That photo launched Terry onto a singular mission -- to cut down the amount of plastic in the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while Terry is not alone -- more than ever the public has taken a critical eye toward plastic -- both for perceived negative effects on the environment and health -- many of us carry a \u003ca href=\"http://www.mysigg.com/\">metal SIGG bottle\u003c/a> with us, throw plastic containers into the recycling bin and call it a day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Terry does much more and says that it's not that difficult for us to do more too. Here, gleaned from Terry's \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/a/forum/R201208011000\">interview with guest host Scott Shafer on Forum\u003c/a> are 12 straightforward ways to reduce the amount of plastic in your life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>1. Pay attention\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Terry suggests before even trying to rid your life of plastic, simply take some time to become aware of how and when you use it. Here website has a \"\u003ca href=\"http://myplasticfreelife.com/showyourplastic/\">plastic challenge\u003c/a>\" that encourage people to track their plastic use for one week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's amazing, the awareness that comes though doing the challenge, says Marianne Davis, who took Terry's challenge.\" After completing in the challenge, Davis says \"Whenever you touch plastic you kind of are, like \"Wait a second, what do I about this? Do I really need this? Is there an alternative to this?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>2. When dining out, request drinks without plastic straws.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>3. Buy milk in glass bottles.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though many people don't associate milk cartons with plastic, they are actually lined with a plastic film. Terry says that pretty much any packaging that is leak-proof has plastic in it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>4. Give up chewing gum and hard candies.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yes, chewing gum is plastic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>5. Buy in bulk and bring your own reusable food containers and bags to the store.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Terry and her husband bring a stainless steel bucket to the butcher counter and ask them butcher to put the meat in that instead of plastic-lined paper. She recommends frequenting the same businesses so that they grow accustomed to your request. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>6. Use a tool lending library.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If it's a tool that you're only going to use once, why buy a brand new one,\" says Terry. \"Borrow it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>7. Shop secondhand and shop less overall.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it comes to durable items like electronics and appliances, Terry asks herself \"Do I really need something new?\" If it turns out that she does need the item she finds \"a way to get it so that I'm not creating more demand for new plastic in the world. I look for it secondhand or I borrow it, or rent it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>8. Bring own food containers to restaurants.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>9. When you place an order, request that it be shipped without plastic packaging.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>10. Send an email.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Contact your state legislators and let them know that you support \u003ca href=\"http://www.aroundthecapitol.com/Bills/AB_298/20112012/\">AB 298\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.aroundthecapitol.com/Bills/SB_568/20112012/\">SB 568\u003c/a>. Contact your Senators and let them know that you support the \u003ca href=\"http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/z?c112:S.847:\">Safe Chemicals Act, S. 847\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>11. Don't use new plastic bags to pick up after your dogs.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead use newspapers, pages from an old telephone book or plastic bags that are already lying around your house.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>12. Give feedback to companies.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When you find a product you want that's packaged in plastic, write a letter to the company asking if they'll switch the packaging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And lastly, if you start to get frustrated, there's this last bit of advice:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>13. Focus on can, not can't.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Focus on the areas where we're creating the most waste and have the most impact. Don't get hung up on if they're plenty of other things you can be doing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, don't lament the plastic in your contact lenses or prescription bottles if you still haven't changed the things you can more easily control.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Terry says it's important to smart small and \"go at your own pace.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's important to take it step by step,\" says Terry. \"I emphasize constantly: 'Choose one thing, make it a habit, do the next step, make it a habit.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Beth Terry's TED Talk\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"http://www.youtube.com/embed/3JXWRVrFiKs\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen>\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/46673/kqeds-forum-a-mostly-plastic-free-life","authors":["5014"],"categories":["bayareabites_1245","bayareabites_45","bayareabites_34","bayareabites_60"],"tags":["bayareabites_8932","bayareabites_1325","bayareabites_9720"],"featImg":"bayareabites_46679","label":"bayareabites"},"bayareabites_33050":{"type":"posts","id":"bayareabites_33050","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"bayareabites","id":"33050","score":null,"sort":[1316286540000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"kqeds-forum-more-bad-news-on-bpa","title":"KQED's Forum: More Bad News on BPA?","publishDate":1316286540,"format":"aside","headTitle":"Bay Area Bites | KQED Food","labelTerm":{"site":"bayareabites"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2011/09/Cfakepathbabybottles3.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2011/09/Cfakepathbabybottles3.jpg\" alt=\"Baby Bottles. Photo - nflore on Flickr\" title=\"Baby Bottles. Photo - nflore on Flickr\" width=\"248\" height=\"140\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-33053\">\u003c/a>Bisphenol A (BPA), a chemical commonly used in household products, can interfere with the effectiveness of drugs used to fight breast cancer, according to a new California Pacific Medical Center study. Find out about the new research and a proposed California ban on BPA in baby bottles and sippy cups manufactured or sold in the state.\u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cstrong>Host:\u003c/strong> Dave Iverson\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Guests:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cli>Victoria Colliver, health care Reporter for the San Francisco Chronicle\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>William Goodson M.D., senior clinical research scientist at California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute. His specialty is cancer surgery.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/a/forum/R201109160930\">Original Broadcast:\u003c/a> Fri, Sep 16, 2011 -- 9:30 AM\u003cbr>\n\u003cobject width=\"335\" height=\"85\">\u003cparam name=\"movie\" value=\"http://www.kqed.org/assets/flash/kqedplayer.swf\">\u003cparam name=\"flashvars\" value=\"file=http://www.kqed.org/radio/archives/R201109160930.xml\">\u003cembed src=\"http://www.kqed.org/assets/flash/kqedplayer.swf\" type=\"application/x-shockwave-flash\" width=\"335\" height=\"85\" flashvars=\"file=http://www.kqed.org/radio/archives/R201109160930.xml\">\u003c/embed>\u003c/object>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Bisphenol A (BPA), a chemical commonly used in household products, can interfere with the effectiveness of drugs used to fight breast cancer, according to a new California Pacific Medical Center study. Find out about the new research and a proposed California ban on BPA in baby bottles and sippy cups manufactured or sold in the state.\r\n","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1316286540,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":5,"wordCount":101},"headData":{"title":"KQED's Forum: More Bad News on BPA? | KQED","description":"Bisphenol A (BPA), a chemical commonly used in household products, can interfere with the effectiveness of drugs used to fight breast cancer, according to a new California Pacific Medical Center study. Find out about the new research and a proposed California ban on BPA in baby bottles and sippy cups manufactured or sold in the state.\r\n","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"KQED's Forum: More Bad News on BPA?","datePublished":"2011-09-17T19:09:00.000Z","dateModified":"2011-09-17T19:09:00.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"33050 http://blogs.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=33050","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2011/09/17/kqeds-forum-more-bad-news-on-bpa/","disqusTitle":"KQED's Forum: More Bad News on BPA?","path":"/bayareabites/33050/kqeds-forum-more-bad-news-on-bpa","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2011/09/Cfakepathbabybottles3.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2011/09/Cfakepathbabybottles3.jpg\" alt=\"Baby Bottles. Photo - nflore on Flickr\" title=\"Baby Bottles. Photo - nflore on Flickr\" width=\"248\" height=\"140\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-33053\">\u003c/a>Bisphenol A (BPA), a chemical commonly used in household products, can interfere with the effectiveness of drugs used to fight breast cancer, according to a new California Pacific Medical Center study. Find out about the new research and a proposed California ban on BPA in baby bottles and sippy cups manufactured or sold in the state.\u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cstrong>Host:\u003c/strong> Dave Iverson\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Guests:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cli>Victoria Colliver, health care Reporter for the San Francisco Chronicle\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>William Goodson M.D., senior clinical research scientist at California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute. His specialty is cancer surgery.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/a/forum/R201109160930\">Original Broadcast:\u003c/a> Fri, Sep 16, 2011 -- 9:30 AM\u003cbr>\n\u003cobject width=\"335\" height=\"85\">\u003cparam name=\"movie\" value=\"http://www.kqed.org/assets/flash/kqedplayer.swf\">\u003cparam name=\"flashvars\" value=\"file=http://www.kqed.org/radio/archives/R201109160930.xml\">\u003cembed src=\"http://www.kqed.org/assets/flash/kqedplayer.swf\" type=\"application/x-shockwave-flash\" width=\"335\" height=\"85\" flashvars=\"file=http://www.kqed.org/radio/archives/R201109160930.xml\">\u003c/embed>\u003c/object>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/33050/kqeds-forum-more-bad-news-on-bpa","authors":["5014"],"categories":["bayareabites_1245","bayareabites_45","bayareabites_34"],"tags":["bayareabites_9722","bayareabites_9721","bayareabites_9718","bayareabites_9719","bayareabites_1325","bayareabites_9720"],"featImg":"bayareabites_33053","label":"bayareabites"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. 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You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn","officialWebsiteLink":"/mindshift/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"2"},"link":"/podcasts/mindshift","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"}},"morning-edition":{"id":"morning-edition","title":"Morning Edition","info":"\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. 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On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"On Our Watch from NPR and KQED","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/onourwatch","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"1"},"link":"/podcasts/onourwatch","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw","npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/onourwatch","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0OLWoyizopu6tY1XiuX70x","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/On-Our-Watch-p1436229/","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/show/on-our-watch","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"}},"on-the-media":{"id":"on-the-media","title":"On The Media","info":"Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. 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