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The number of dead pigs found in Shanghai's main river had doubled in two days to nearly 6,000, the government said.","imgSizes":{"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2013/03/163596719-a6fb3cd6535e6f8b9adfb7460d76e71ce8d91bd2.jpg","width":200,"height":149}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false}},"audioPlayerReducer":{"postId":"stream_live"},"authorsReducer":{"byline_bayareabites_126428":{"type":"authors","id":"byline_bayareabites_126428","meta":{"override":true},"slug":"byline_bayareabites_126428","name":"Frank Morris \u003ca href=\"http://www.kcur.org/\">KCUR 89.3\u003c/a>, NPR Food","isLoading":false},"byline_bayareabites_99432":{"type":"authors","id":"byline_bayareabites_99432","meta":{"override":true},"slug":"byline_bayareabites_99432","name":"Dan Charles, \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/author/nprfood/\">NPR 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FM","link":"/"}},"bayareabites_126428":{"type":"posts","id":"bayareabites_126428","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"bayareabites","id":"126428","score":null,"sort":[1522961765000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"u-s-farmers-likely-to-be-among-hardest-hit-by-chinese-tariffs","title":"U.S. Farmers Likely To Be Among Hardest Hit By Chinese Tariffs","publishDate":1522961765,"format":"audio","headTitle":"Bay Area Bites | KQED Food","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>In response to the Trump administration's threats to place tariffs on $50 billion in Chinese goods, China has threatened to sanction $50 billion in U.S. exports, including airplanes, cars and chemicals. These tariffs would also target some of America's most successful exporters — farmers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the sun was coming up Wednesday, farmers at Betty's Truck Stop near Sweet Springs, Mo., took their coffee with a serving of bad news.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Beans are down 50 cents overnight, and corn's down 14 [cents] because of this trade thing with China,\" says corn and soybean farmer Jim Bridges. He takes a seat at a large table in the center of the restaurant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2018/04/20180404_atc_farmers_hardest_hit_by_chinese_tariffs.mp3\u003cbr>\nBridges makes a few calculations and reckons his potential losses are about $50,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>China has threatened to slap tariffs on some of the biggest U.S. crops: corn, soybeans, wheat, cotton and beef. But, Charles Tuckwiller, sitting next to Bridges in a worn jacket, says it's too early to accurately tally the losses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It could have an impact on us. Weather probably plays more of a role than that tariff is going to. We have always survived,\" says Tuckwiller with a sigh.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The farmers at this table are survivors. They've weathered downturns and massive consolidation in agriculture to become some of the world's most efficient producers. But their survival strategy depends on exports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Exports are very important to U.S. agriculture,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.econ.iastate.edu/people/david-swenson\">David Swenson\u003c/a>, an economist at Iowa State University. \"We produce significantly more than we can consume here in the United States, and farmers across the United States in all sectors of agriculture depend on exports to maintain price levels.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>China has become the \u003ca href=\"https://www.fas.usda.gov/data/top-us-agricultural-exports-2017\">largest customer\u003c/a> for America's farm products, buying well over $20 billion per year. China bought more than $1 billion in U.S. pork last year. But this week, it threatened a 25 percent tariff on that pork and 15 percent tariffs on a host of farm products grown across a wide swath of the country, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2018/04/02/598870076/what-chinese-tariffs-targeting-american-crops-will-mean-for-farmers\">including nuts\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.americanpistachios.org\">Richard Matoian\u003c/a>, executive director of American Pistachio Growers, says that 70 percent of U.S. pistachios go into the export market and that more than half of those go straight to China. China also buys a big chunk of the California almond crop, which will be hit hard by tariffs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are generally free traders. We believe in open and free trade,\" says Matoian.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that is a conviction shared by many U.S. farmers from coast to coast. Dr. Ron Prestage is a veterinarian in Camden, S.C., but he also runs Prestage Farms, one of the largest pork and poultry producers in the Unites States. Prestage Farms has been expanding, building a new pork packing plant in Iowa, but projected demand for pork has dropped since the tariff fight began.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Do I enjoy being in the crosshairs and caught in the middle of this dispute?\" Prestage asks rhetorically. \"[T]he short answer is 'No.' But I understand it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prestage says American farmers and pork producers in particular are automatic targets in trade disputes because they are such strong competitors in the world market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And that's not by luck,\" says Prestage. \"That's through a lot of hard work.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. farm groups have worked long and hard to chip away at trade barriers, and some worry these tariff fights could upend decades of progress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Right now we're in a trade skirmish, but probably not in a war. But the concern is, that skirmish could escalate,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://ag.purdue.edu/agecon/Pages/Profile.aspx?strAlias=hurtc\">Christopher Hurt\u003c/a>, a professor of agricultural economics at Purdue University in Indiana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And a trade war with China isn't farmers' only worry. If President Trump follows through with threats to walk away from the North American Free Trade Agreement, U.S. farmers could be pinned down in a trade war on two very punishing fronts. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2018 \u003ca href=\"http://www.kcur.org/\">KCUR 89.3\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"China's retaliatory tariffs would hit farmers, who rely on exports to keep their business models going, harder than any other group, especially those raising hogs, nuts and fruit.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1522961882,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":20,"wordCount":666},"headData":{"title":"U.S. Farmers Likely To Be Among Hardest Hit By Chinese Tariffs | KQED","description":"China's retaliatory tariffs would hit farmers, who rely on exports to keep their business models going, harder than any other group, especially those raising hogs, nuts and fruit.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"126428 https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=126428","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2018/04/05/u-s-farmers-likely-to-be-among-hardest-hit-by-chinese-tariffs/","disqusTitle":"U.S. Farmers Likely To Be Among Hardest Hit By Chinese Tariffs","source":"Politics, Activism, Food Safety","sourceUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/bayareabites/category/politics-activism-food-safety","nprImageCredit":"Red Cedicol/EyeEm","nprByline":"Frank Morris \u003ca href=\"http://www.kcur.org/\">KCUR 89.3\u003c/a>, NPR Food","nprImageAgency":"Getty Images","nprStoryId":"599524681","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=599524681&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2018/04/04/599524681/u-s-farmers-likely-among-hardest-hit-by-chinese-tarriffs?ft=nprml&f=599524681","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Thu, 05 Apr 2018 13:31:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Wed, 04 Apr 2018 21:17:00 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Thu, 05 Apr 2018 13:31:23 -0400","nprAudio":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2018/04/20180404_atc_farmers_hardest_hit_by_chinese_tariffs.mp3?orgId=60&topicId=1053&d=234&p=2&story=599524681&ft=nprml&f=599524681","nprAudioM3u":"http://api.npr.org/m3u/1599579338-db1b94.m3u?orgId=60&topicId=1053&d=234&p=2&story=599524681&ft=nprml&f=599524681","path":"/bayareabites/126428/u-s-farmers-likely-to-be-among-hardest-hit-by-chinese-tariffs","audioUrl":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2018/04/20180404_atc_farmers_hardest_hit_by_chinese_tariffs.mp3?orgId=60&topicId=1053&d=234&p=2&story=599524681&ft=nprml&f=599524681","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In response to the Trump administration's threats to place tariffs on $50 billion in Chinese goods, China has threatened to sanction $50 billion in U.S. exports, including airplanes, cars and chemicals. These tariffs would also target some of America's most successful exporters — farmers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the sun was coming up Wednesday, farmers at Betty's Truck Stop near Sweet Springs, Mo., took their coffee with a serving of bad news.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Beans are down 50 cents overnight, and corn's down 14 [cents] because of this trade thing with China,\" says corn and soybean farmer Jim Bridges. He takes a seat at a large table in the center of the restaurant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"nprOneAudioLink","attributes":{"named":{"src":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2018/04/20180404_atc_farmers_hardest_hit_by_chinese_tariffs.mp3"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cbr>\nBridges makes a few calculations and reckons his potential losses are about $50,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>China has threatened to slap tariffs on some of the biggest U.S. crops: corn, soybeans, wheat, cotton and beef. But, Charles Tuckwiller, sitting next to Bridges in a worn jacket, says it's too early to accurately tally the losses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It could have an impact on us. Weather probably plays more of a role than that tariff is going to. We have always survived,\" says Tuckwiller with a sigh.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The farmers at this table are survivors. They've weathered downturns and massive consolidation in agriculture to become some of the world's most efficient producers. But their survival strategy depends on exports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Exports are very important to U.S. agriculture,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.econ.iastate.edu/people/david-swenson\">David Swenson\u003c/a>, an economist at Iowa State University. \"We produce significantly more than we can consume here in the United States, and farmers across the United States in all sectors of agriculture depend on exports to maintain price levels.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>China has become the \u003ca href=\"https://www.fas.usda.gov/data/top-us-agricultural-exports-2017\">largest customer\u003c/a> for America's farm products, buying well over $20 billion per year. China bought more than $1 billion in U.S. pork last year. But this week, it threatened a 25 percent tariff on that pork and 15 percent tariffs on a host of farm products grown across a wide swath of the country, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2018/04/02/598870076/what-chinese-tariffs-targeting-american-crops-will-mean-for-farmers\">including nuts\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.americanpistachios.org\">Richard Matoian\u003c/a>, executive director of American Pistachio Growers, says that 70 percent of U.S. pistachios go into the export market and that more than half of those go straight to China. China also buys a big chunk of the California almond crop, which will be hit hard by tariffs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are generally free traders. We believe in open and free trade,\" says Matoian.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that is a conviction shared by many U.S. farmers from coast to coast. Dr. Ron Prestage is a veterinarian in Camden, S.C., but he also runs Prestage Farms, one of the largest pork and poultry producers in the Unites States. Prestage Farms has been expanding, building a new pork packing plant in Iowa, but projected demand for pork has dropped since the tariff fight began.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Do I enjoy being in the crosshairs and caught in the middle of this dispute?\" Prestage asks rhetorically. \"[T]he short answer is 'No.' But I understand it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prestage says American farmers and pork producers in particular are automatic targets in trade disputes because they are such strong competitors in the world market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And that's not by luck,\" says Prestage. \"That's through a lot of hard work.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. farm groups have worked long and hard to chip away at trade barriers, and some worry these tariff fights could upend decades of progress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Right now we're in a trade skirmish, but probably not in a war. But the concern is, that skirmish could escalate,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://ag.purdue.edu/agecon/Pages/Profile.aspx?strAlias=hurtc\">Christopher Hurt\u003c/a>, a professor of agricultural economics at Purdue University in Indiana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And a trade war with China isn't farmers' only worry. If President Trump follows through with threats to walk away from the North American Free Trade Agreement, U.S. farmers could be pinned down in a trade war on two very punishing fronts. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2018 \u003ca href=\"http://www.kcur.org/\">KCUR 89.3\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/126428/u-s-farmers-likely-to-be-among-hardest-hit-by-chinese-tariffs","authors":["byline_bayareabites_126428"],"categories":["bayareabites_1962","bayareabites_1874","bayareabites_10028","bayareabites_2035"],"tags":["bayareabites_272","bayareabites_16094","bayareabites_11393","bayareabites_16091"],"featImg":"bayareabites_126429","label":"source_bayareabites_126428"},"bayareabites_99432":{"type":"posts","id":"bayareabites_99432","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"bayareabites","id":"99432","score":null,"sort":[1439575107000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"a-muscle-drug-for-pigs-comes-out-of-the-shadows","title":"Ractopamine: A Muscle Drug For Pigs Comes Out Of The Shadows","publishDate":1439575107,"format":"audio","headTitle":"Bay Area Bites | KQED Food","labelTerm":{"site":"bayareabites"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story on Morning Edition:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nhttp://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2015/08/20150814_me_a_muscle_drug_for_pigs_comes_out_of_the_shadows.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the coming months, a few shoppers will encounter a new and unfamiliar phrase when looking at packages of pork: \"Produced without the use of ractopamine.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's the brainchild of David Maren, founder of \u003ca href=\"https://tendergrass.com/\">Tendergrass Farms\u003c/a>, which sells pork products from pigs raised the \"all-natural\" way, on pasture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maren first heard about ractopamine years ago, when he was just getting into this business. Maren was talking with his cousin, who raises pigs the conventional way, in big hog houses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"At one point I mentioned to him something like, 'Well, I know you use hormones to raise your pigs, and that's why they grow so fast,' \" recalls Maren. \"And he said, 'No! Hormones are illegal in pork production in this country. We don't use hormones and we never have.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then his cousin added, \"We do use ractopamine.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maren had never heard of this drug. \"It's not something that I hear anybody talking about,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is odd, he says, because ractopamine is a very big deal in the pork industry. Most pigs in America get this drug, because it's extremely effective. It's a \"beta agonist\" and has effects that are similar to adrenaline. It gets a pig to put on more muscle, instead of fat, and also put on weight more quickly. That's money in the farmer's pocket: According to some experts, it adds two or three dollars of income per pig.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Food and Drug Administration says that ractopamine is safe. The agency approved its use in pigs in 1999.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the drug still arouses some controversy. Safety regulators in the European Union, China, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2013/02/11/171727161/why-russia-is-saying-nyet-to-u-s-meat-imports\">Russia\u003c/a> and a variety of other countries have not approved the drug. They \u003ca href=\"http://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/efsajournal/pub/1041\">say\u003c/a> there's not yet enough evidence to prove that pork produced using ractopamine is safe to eat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Apart from any human health concerns, there have been many \u003ca href=\"http://thefern.org/2012/01/dispute-over-drug-in-feed-limiting-u-s-meat-exports/\">reports\u003c/a> of animals suffering when they get too much of the drug.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are pigs that don't get any ractopamine. Organic pork producers definitely don't use it. Natural pork producers probably don't — although Maren says that there's so little awareness of ractopamine use that many big buyers of \"all-natural\" pork don't even bother to ask about it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And consumers don't get any information about all that on pork labels. It's never mentioned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>David Maren decided that he wanted to tell the world that his company's pork is ractopamine-free. He thought consumers might pay a little extra for that, the same way that some consumers look for meat that's raised without antibiotics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Tendergrass Farms is always looking to get as much value for our products as possible,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So last year, he drew up a new label containing these words: \"Our pigs are never fed beta-agonists (like Ractopamine) — drugs widely used as artificial growth promotants in the pork industry today.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meat labels have to get approval from the U.S. Department of Agriculture, though, which is supposed to make sure that labels are not false or misleading. The USDA refused to approve Maren's proposed label.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials at the USDA advised Maren to modify the label to say instead that \"our animals are never fed growth promotants,\" and to include an additional statement that \"federal regulations prohibit the use of hormones in pork.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Philip Derfler, deputy administrator of the USDA's \u003ca href=\"http://www.fsis.usda.gov/wps/portal/fsis/home\">Food Safety Inspection Service\u003c/a>, which oversees meat labels, told The Salt that Maren's original proposal was confusing. \"Apparently, a judgment was made that the information wasn't being presented in a way that would be understandable to a consumer,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Maren kept pushing, and after hearing that the USDA was reconsidering its position, he submitted a new proposal. The new label states that the product is made with \"no ractopamine — a beta-agonist growth promotant.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, Maren got official notice that this label had been approved. Maren thinks it will be the first USDA-approved label on pork to explicitly mention ractopamine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he thinks it won't be the last one. \"I imagine that if anyone in the industry is talking about it, then everyone has to talk about it,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This does not sound like good news to some conventional pork producers, such as \u003ca href=\"https://vimeo.com/30081851\">David Hardin\u003c/a>, in Danville, Ind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When you put a label like that on there, it will immediately make the consumer think, 'Well what is this? It must be something bad,'\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If consumers start to look for ractopamine-free labels, it could lead to pressure on farmers to stop using this profitable drug.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, some farmers are feeling that pressure already, for another reason. One very big buyer of American pork is \u003ca href=\"http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-08-11/pigs-using-muscle-drug-means-u-s-missing-china-pork-import-boom\">demanding\u003c/a> ractopamine-free pork, and it's a very big customer indeed: the nation of China.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some big pork processors are asking farmers to deliver pork the way China wants it. \"If you sell to a processor that either does export to China or could potentially export to China, then you're probably going to see some pressure,\" says Hardin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hardin says that farmers are divided about how to respond to China's demands. Some farmers don't want to abandon ractopamine as a matter of principle. Using it, they point out, means cheaper pork for consumers and less stress on the environment (because pigs on ractopamine don't need as much feed, and don't produce as much manure.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other farmers, he says, are ready to follow the signals of the market. If consumers are willing to pay more for pork labeled \"ractopamine-free,\" that's how they'll raise their pigs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2015 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The USDA is allowing a pork retailer, for the first time, to label products as raised with \"no ractopamine.\" It may lead to pressure on farmers to stop using the muscle-promoting drug.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1439575261,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":32,"wordCount":974},"headData":{"title":"Ractopamine: A Muscle Drug For Pigs Comes Out Of The Shadows | KQED","description":"The USDA is allowing a pork retailer, for the first time, to label products as raised with "no ractopamine." It may lead to pressure on farmers to stop using the muscle-promoting drug.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"99432 http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=99432","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2015/08/14/a-muscle-drug-for-pigs-comes-out-of-the-shadows/","disqusTitle":"Ractopamine: A Muscle Drug For Pigs Comes Out Of The Shadows","nprByline":"Dan Charles, \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/author/nprfood/\">NPR Food\u003c/a>","nprStoryId":"432102733","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=432102733&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2015/08/14/432102733/a-muscle-drug-for-pigs-comes-out-of-the-shadows?ft=nprml&f=432102733","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Fri, 14 Aug 2015 12:52:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Fri, 14 Aug 2015 04:32:00 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Fri, 14 Aug 2015 10:39:38 -0400","nprAudio":"http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2015/08/20150814_me_a_muscle_drug_for_pigs_comes_out_of_the_shadows.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1053&d=264&p=3&story=432102733&t=progseg&e=432180334&seg=14&ft=nprml&f=432102733","nprAudioM3u":"http://api.npr.org/m3u/1432192451-571171.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1053&d=264&p=3&story=432102733&t=progseg&e=432180334&seg=14&ft=nprml&f=432102733","path":"/bayareabites/99432/a-muscle-drug-for-pigs-comes-out-of-the-shadows","audioUrl":"http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2015/08/20150814_me_a_muscle_drug_for_pigs_comes_out_of_the_shadows.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1053&d=264&p=3&story=432102733&t=progseg&e=432180334&seg=14&ft=nprml&f=432102733","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story on Morning Edition:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nhttp://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2015/08/20150814_me_a_muscle_drug_for_pigs_comes_out_of_the_shadows.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the coming months, a few shoppers will encounter a new and unfamiliar phrase when looking at packages of pork: \"Produced without the use of ractopamine.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's the brainchild of David Maren, founder of \u003ca href=\"https://tendergrass.com/\">Tendergrass Farms\u003c/a>, which sells pork products from pigs raised the \"all-natural\" way, on pasture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maren first heard about ractopamine years ago, when he was just getting into this business. Maren was talking with his cousin, who raises pigs the conventional way, in big hog houses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"At one point I mentioned to him something like, 'Well, I know you use hormones to raise your pigs, and that's why they grow so fast,' \" recalls Maren. \"And he said, 'No! Hormones are illegal in pork production in this country. We don't use hormones and we never have.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then his cousin added, \"We do use ractopamine.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maren had never heard of this drug. \"It's not something that I hear anybody talking about,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is odd, he says, because ractopamine is a very big deal in the pork industry. Most pigs in America get this drug, because it's extremely effective. It's a \"beta agonist\" and has effects that are similar to adrenaline. It gets a pig to put on more muscle, instead of fat, and also put on weight more quickly. That's money in the farmer's pocket: According to some experts, it adds two or three dollars of income per pig.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Food and Drug Administration says that ractopamine is safe. The agency approved its use in pigs in 1999.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the drug still arouses some controversy. Safety regulators in the European Union, China, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2013/02/11/171727161/why-russia-is-saying-nyet-to-u-s-meat-imports\">Russia\u003c/a> and a variety of other countries have not approved the drug. They \u003ca href=\"http://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/efsajournal/pub/1041\">say\u003c/a> there's not yet enough evidence to prove that pork produced using ractopamine is safe to eat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Apart from any human health concerns, there have been many \u003ca href=\"http://thefern.org/2012/01/dispute-over-drug-in-feed-limiting-u-s-meat-exports/\">reports\u003c/a> of animals suffering when they get too much of the drug.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are pigs that don't get any ractopamine. Organic pork producers definitely don't use it. Natural pork producers probably don't — although Maren says that there's so little awareness of ractopamine use that many big buyers of \"all-natural\" pork don't even bother to ask about it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And consumers don't get any information about all that on pork labels. It's never mentioned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>David Maren decided that he wanted to tell the world that his company's pork is ractopamine-free. He thought consumers might pay a little extra for that, the same way that some consumers look for meat that's raised without antibiotics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Tendergrass Farms is always looking to get as much value for our products as possible,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So last year, he drew up a new label containing these words: \"Our pigs are never fed beta-agonists (like Ractopamine) — drugs widely used as artificial growth promotants in the pork industry today.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meat labels have to get approval from the U.S. Department of Agriculture, though, which is supposed to make sure that labels are not false or misleading. The USDA refused to approve Maren's proposed label.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials at the USDA advised Maren to modify the label to say instead that \"our animals are never fed growth promotants,\" and to include an additional statement that \"federal regulations prohibit the use of hormones in pork.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Philip Derfler, deputy administrator of the USDA's \u003ca href=\"http://www.fsis.usda.gov/wps/portal/fsis/home\">Food Safety Inspection Service\u003c/a>, which oversees meat labels, told The Salt that Maren's original proposal was confusing. \"Apparently, a judgment was made that the information wasn't being presented in a way that would be understandable to a consumer,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Maren kept pushing, and after hearing that the USDA was reconsidering its position, he submitted a new proposal. The new label states that the product is made with \"no ractopamine — a beta-agonist growth promotant.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, Maren got official notice that this label had been approved. Maren thinks it will be the first USDA-approved label on pork to explicitly mention ractopamine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he thinks it won't be the last one. \"I imagine that if anyone in the industry is talking about it, then everyone has to talk about it,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This does not sound like good news to some conventional pork producers, such as \u003ca href=\"https://vimeo.com/30081851\">David Hardin\u003c/a>, in Danville, Ind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When you put a label like that on there, it will immediately make the consumer think, 'Well what is this? It must be something bad,'\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If consumers start to look for ractopamine-free labels, it could lead to pressure on farmers to stop using this profitable drug.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, some farmers are feeling that pressure already, for another reason. One very big buyer of American pork is \u003ca href=\"http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-08-11/pigs-using-muscle-drug-means-u-s-missing-china-pork-import-boom\">demanding\u003c/a> ractopamine-free pork, and it's a very big customer indeed: the nation of China.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some big pork processors are asking farmers to deliver pork the way China wants it. \"If you sell to a processor that either does export to China or could potentially export to China, then you're probably going to see some pressure,\" says Hardin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hardin says that farmers are divided about how to respond to China's demands. Some farmers don't want to abandon ractopamine as a matter of principle. Using it, they point out, means cheaper pork for consumers and less stress on the environment (because pigs on ractopamine don't need as much feed, and don't produce as much manure.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other farmers, he says, are ready to follow the signals of the market. If consumers are willing to pay more for pork labeled \"ractopamine-free,\" that's how they'll raise their pigs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2015 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/99432/a-muscle-drug-for-pigs-comes-out-of-the-shadows","authors":["byline_bayareabites_99432"],"categories":["bayareabites_1874","bayareabites_10028","bayareabites_10916","bayareabites_2035"],"tags":["bayareabites_12575","bayareabites_14707","bayareabites_10774","bayareabites_11393","bayareabites_616","bayareabites_11195"],"featImg":"bayareabites_99433","label":"bayareabites"},"bayareabites_98213":{"type":"posts","id":"bayareabites_98213","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"bayareabites","id":"98213","score":null,"sort":[1437422368000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"why-the-pig-is-the-most-loved-and-most-loathed-animal-on-the-plate","title":"Why The Pig Is The Most Loved And Most Loathed Animal On The Plate","publishDate":1437422368,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Bay Area Bites | KQED Food","labelTerm":{"site":"bayareabites"},"content":"\u003cp>In 1849 an American farmer watched a sow give birth and was moved to record a diary entry: \"Pigs! Pigs! Pork! Pork! Pork!\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The writer's enthusiasm — dug up by historical geographer Sam Bowers Hilliard for \u003ca href=\"http://www.ugapress.org/index.php/books/hog_meat_and_hoecake\">Hog Meat and Hoecake\u003c/a>, his examination of Southern foodways — is understandable. Swine reproduce far more quickly than cows and sheep, thanks to brief gestation periods and large litters, and pork only improves when cured with salt and smoke. If your goal is to produce a great deal of meat and then store it at room temperature — crucial before refrigerators came along — the pig is the animal for you.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Enormously useful as they are, swine have not been universally adored. The history of pigs is a tale of love and loathing. As long as pigs have existed, people have weighed their hunger for meat against worries about how the animals lived and what they ate. And today, we have just as much reason to worry about how pigs are living.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pigs and people have similar digestive systems and similar diets: Both are omnivores who thrive on meat, roots and seeds. It was food that first brought them together. About 10,000 years ago, hunter-gatherers in Anatolia — now Turkey — settled down into villages. Almost immediately, Eurasian wild boars began slinking into town to devour scraps, spoiled grain and rotten fruit. In time, some of those scavenging boars evolved into domestic pigs. \u003cem>Sus scrofa domesticus\u003c/em> was the new species perfectly adapted to living alongside people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By 1,000 BC, however, our partnership with pigs had soured, a development marked most notably in the Book of Leviticus, which deemed pigs \"unclean.\" The Israelites could eat any beast that \"parteth the hoof, and is clovenfooted, and cheweth the cud.\" Cows, sheep and goats got the nod; pigs did not: \"though he divide the hoof, and be clovenfooted, yet he cheweth not the cud.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_98215\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1436px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/07/pieter_bruegel_the_elder_-_the_fair_at_hoboken_-_wga03527_custom-bd24cc424da80346e34466b7ec7a634a8917eba7.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/07/pieter_bruegel_the_elder_-_the_fair_at_hoboken_-_wga03527_custom-bd24cc424da80346e34466b7ec7a634a8917eba7.jpg\" alt=\"As Europe's forests were felled to grow crops, pigs took up residence in towns, as in this 1559 sketch "Fair at Hoboken" by Breugel the Elder. The pig's scavenging habits — which included the occasional human corpse — was one factor in a decline in the reputation of pigs and pork in the late Middle Ages.\" width=\"1436\" height=\"965\" class=\"size-full wp-image-98215\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/07/pieter_bruegel_the_elder_-_the_fair_at_hoboken_-_wga03527_custom-bd24cc424da80346e34466b7ec7a634a8917eba7.jpg 1436w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/07/pieter_bruegel_the_elder_-_the_fair_at_hoboken_-_wga03527_custom-bd24cc424da80346e34466b7ec7a634a8917eba7-400x269.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/07/pieter_bruegel_the_elder_-_the_fair_at_hoboken_-_wga03527_custom-bd24cc424da80346e34466b7ec7a634a8917eba7-800x538.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/07/pieter_bruegel_the_elder_-_the_fair_at_hoboken_-_wga03527_custom-bd24cc424da80346e34466b7ec7a634a8917eba7-1400x941.jpg 1400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/07/pieter_bruegel_the_elder_-_the_fair_at_hoboken_-_wga03527_custom-bd24cc424da80346e34466b7ec7a634a8917eba7-1180x793.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/07/pieter_bruegel_the_elder_-_the_fair_at_hoboken_-_wga03527_custom-bd24cc424da80346e34466b7ec7a634a8917eba7-960x645.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1436px) 100vw, 1436px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">As Europe's forests were felled to grow crops, pigs took up residence in towns, as in this 1559 sketch \"Fair at Hoboken\" by Breugel the Elder. The pig's scavenging habits — which included the occasional human corpse — was one factor in a decline in the reputation of pigs and pork in the late Middle Ages. \u003ccite>(\u003ca href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pieter_Bruegel_the_Elder_-_The_Fair_at_Hoboken_-_WGA03527.jpg\">Pieter Bruegel the Elder/via Wikimedia\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Koran followed suit in the seventh century AD: \"forbidden to you is ... the flesh of swine.\" Today a quarter of the world's population — 14 million Jews and 1.6 billion Muslims — must avoid pork.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rules strike many as arbitrary, and there has been no shortage of attempts to expose the supposedly hidden truth. The mostly popular explanation — that the ban protected against trichinosis — is almost \u003ca href=\"https://books.google.com/books?id=WV8WAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA70&lpg=PA70&dq=trichinosis+pork+taboo&source=bl&ots=FwHCxtq-Du&sig=53EDiZvefxTwsT54L5s_fu2YD00&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CDAQ6AEwBTgKahUKEwjFquP2iePGAhWCvYAKHVOJAvw#v=onepage&q=trichinosis%20pork%20taboo&f=false\">certainly untrue\u003c/a> (there's no evidence the parasite existed in ancient Palestine, and other meats could be equally dangerous). Some scholars point to the unsuitability of pigs for desert conditions, or the fact that pigs and humans might compete for food. Others suggest that poor people could raise pigs at home and thereby gain control of their own food supply; rulers, intent on total control, banned pigs so the poor would be hungry unless fed by the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_98222\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/07/pigsty.jpg\" alt=\"This Chinese sculpture, dating to about 200 AD, depicts an outhouse perched over a pigsty. All over the world pigs ate human waste, carrion, and rotting garbage, a dietary habit that made them quite useful—they cleaned the streets and transformed filth into meat—but also turned them into pariahs.\" width=\"400\" height=\"356\" class=\"size-full wp-image-98222\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This Chinese sculpture, dating to about 200 AD, depicts an outhouse perched over a pigsty. All over the world pigs ate human waste, carrion, and rotting garbage, a dietary habit that made them quite useful—they cleaned the streets and transformed filth into meat—but also turned them into pariahs. \u003ccite>(\u003ca href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Green_glazed_toilet_with_pigsty_model._Eastern_Han_dynasty_25_-_220_CE.jpg\">via Wikimedia\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>All of these theories hold a piece of the truth, but the best explanation lies in Leviticus. The approved animals \"chew the cud,\" which is another way of saying they are ruminants that eat grass. Pigs \"cheweth not the cud\" because they possess simple guts, unable to digest cellulose. They eat calorie-dense foods, not only nuts and grains but also less salubrious items such as carrion, human corpses and feces. Pigs were unclean because they ate filth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Jews were not alone in this prejudice. In the great civilizations of Mesopotamia and Egypt, priests and rulers avoided pork at all costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just across the Mediterranean, however, the Romans loved swine with a passion matched by few people before or since. Romans sacrificed pigs to their gods and created an elaborate pork-based cuisine, including some dishes—such as roast udder of lactating sow—that could make even a gentile shudder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What accounts for these differing views? In the Near East, an arid land, most pigs lived as urban scavengers. The Italian Peninsula, by contrast, boasted vast oak forests, and Rome imported wheat by the shipload. Rather than eating garbage in the streets, Roman pigs spent their days dining on acorns and grain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reputation of pork depends upon the life of the pig. In early medieval Europe, when most pigs foraged in the woods, pork was the preferred meat of the nobility. By 1300 most forests had been felled, and pigs became scavengers. In a medieval British text, a woman explains that she won't serve pork because pigs \"eat human shit in the streets.\" Pigs also dined on human flesh, which was available because executed prisoners, among others, were left unburied. In Shakespeare's \u003cem>Richard III\u003c/em>, the title character is described as a \"foul swine\" who \"Swills your warm blood like wash, and makes his trough / In your embowell'd bosoms.\" An Irish religious text noted, \"Cows feed only on grass and the leaves of trees, but swine eat things clean and unclean.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pigs today eat a wholesome diet of corn and soybeans, but people have new reasons to avoid pork.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most intelligent of farm animals, swine raised in the confined feeding operations that now dominate the industry endure the most inhumane conditions. They stand on slatted concrete floors, trampling their waste into gutters below. Most sows still spend nearly their entire lives confined to \"gestation crates,\" metal cages so tiny the animals can't turn around (though this \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2014/01/07/260439063/smithfield-prods-its-pork-suppliers-to-dump-pig-crates\">is changing\u003c/a>.) Sick piglets are killed by being grabbed by their hind legs and slammed against the floor, a practice known as \"thumping.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_98217\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1214px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/07/16005870734_40a6e97747_o_custom-35581d40e2c1d1c4b0eb330f0762b062fe08902f.jpg\" alt=\"A hog facility in Duplin County, N.C. discharges waste into a manure lagoon, April 2015.\" width=\"1214\" height=\"808\" class=\"size-full wp-image-98217\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/07/16005870734_40a6e97747_o_custom-35581d40e2c1d1c4b0eb330f0762b062fe08902f.jpg 1214w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/07/16005870734_40a6e97747_o_custom-35581d40e2c1d1c4b0eb330f0762b062fe08902f-400x266.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/07/16005870734_40a6e97747_o_custom-35581d40e2c1d1c4b0eb330f0762b062fe08902f-800x532.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/07/16005870734_40a6e97747_o_custom-35581d40e2c1d1c4b0eb330f0762b062fe08902f-1180x785.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/07/16005870734_40a6e97747_o_custom-35581d40e2c1d1c4b0eb330f0762b062fe08902f-960x639.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1214px) 100vw, 1214px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A hog facility in Duplin County, N.C. discharges waste into a manure lagoon, April 2015. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Waterkeeper Alliance)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Critiques of such practices, once the concern mostly of animals rights groups, have gone mainstream. This year the restaurant chain Chipotle \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2015/01/16/377760603/chipotles-pulled-pork-highlights-debate-over-sow-welfare\">kept carnitas off the menu\u003c/a> at some locations because it couldn't find enough pork raised according to its stricter welfare standards. Other chains, including McDonald's, still serve conventional pork but have pressured pork suppliers to change their ways. As a result the largest pork producers have vowed to phase out gestation crates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smaller producers have taken larger steps, adopting methods that would look familiar to ancient Romans: Their pigs roam on pasture or gobble acorns in the woods. That's the kind of agriculture that might prompt not disgust but enthusiastic cries of, \"Pork! Pork! Pork!\"\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://markessig.com/\">Mark Essig\u003c/a> is the author, most recently, of \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://www.amazon.com/Lesser-Beasts-Snout-Tail-History/dp/0465052746\">Lesser Beasts: A Snout-to-Tail History of the Humble Pig\u003c/a>\u003cem>. He holds a Ph.D. in history from Cornell University and lives in Asheville, N.C.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003cem>Copyright 2015 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"As long as pigs have existed, humans have weighed desire for their meat against disgust for how the animals lived and what they ate. Today we have fresh cause for worry about how pigs are living.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1437422368,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":20,"wordCount":1207},"headData":{"title":"Why The Pig Is The Most Loved And Most Loathed Animal On The Plate | KQED","description":"As long as pigs have existed, humans have weighed desire for their meat against disgust for how the animals lived and what they ate. Today we have fresh cause for worry about how pigs are living.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"98213 http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=98213","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2015/07/20/why-the-pig-is-the-most-loved-and-most-loathed-animal-on-the-plate/","disqusTitle":"Why The Pig Is The Most Loved And Most Loathed Animal On The Plate","nprByline":"Mark Essig, \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/author/nprfood/\">NPR Food\u003c/a>","nprStoryId":"423865233","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=423865233&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2015/07/20/423865233/why-the-pig-is-the-most-loved-and-most-loathed-animal-on-the-plate?ft=nprml&f=423865233","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Mon, 20 Jul 2015 14:48:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Mon, 20 Jul 2015 14:32:00 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Mon, 20 Jul 2015 14:48:16 -0400","path":"/bayareabites/98213/why-the-pig-is-the-most-loved-and-most-loathed-animal-on-the-plate","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In 1849 an American farmer watched a sow give birth and was moved to record a diary entry: \"Pigs! Pigs! Pork! Pork! Pork!\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The writer's enthusiasm — dug up by historical geographer Sam Bowers Hilliard for \u003ca href=\"http://www.ugapress.org/index.php/books/hog_meat_and_hoecake\">Hog Meat and Hoecake\u003c/a>, his examination of Southern foodways — is understandable. Swine reproduce far more quickly than cows and sheep, thanks to brief gestation periods and large litters, and pork only improves when cured with salt and smoke. If your goal is to produce a great deal of meat and then store it at room temperature — crucial before refrigerators came along — the pig is the animal for you.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Enormously useful as they are, swine have not been universally adored. The history of pigs is a tale of love and loathing. As long as pigs have existed, people have weighed their hunger for meat against worries about how the animals lived and what they ate. And today, we have just as much reason to worry about how pigs are living.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pigs and people have similar digestive systems and similar diets: Both are omnivores who thrive on meat, roots and seeds. It was food that first brought them together. About 10,000 years ago, hunter-gatherers in Anatolia — now Turkey — settled down into villages. Almost immediately, Eurasian wild boars began slinking into town to devour scraps, spoiled grain and rotten fruit. In time, some of those scavenging boars evolved into domestic pigs. \u003cem>Sus scrofa domesticus\u003c/em> was the new species perfectly adapted to living alongside people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By 1,000 BC, however, our partnership with pigs had soured, a development marked most notably in the Book of Leviticus, which deemed pigs \"unclean.\" The Israelites could eat any beast that \"parteth the hoof, and is clovenfooted, and cheweth the cud.\" Cows, sheep and goats got the nod; pigs did not: \"though he divide the hoof, and be clovenfooted, yet he cheweth not the cud.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_98215\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1436px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/07/pieter_bruegel_the_elder_-_the_fair_at_hoboken_-_wga03527_custom-bd24cc424da80346e34466b7ec7a634a8917eba7.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/07/pieter_bruegel_the_elder_-_the_fair_at_hoboken_-_wga03527_custom-bd24cc424da80346e34466b7ec7a634a8917eba7.jpg\" alt=\"As Europe's forests were felled to grow crops, pigs took up residence in towns, as in this 1559 sketch "Fair at Hoboken" by Breugel the Elder. The pig's scavenging habits — which included the occasional human corpse — was one factor in a decline in the reputation of pigs and pork in the late Middle Ages.\" width=\"1436\" height=\"965\" class=\"size-full wp-image-98215\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/07/pieter_bruegel_the_elder_-_the_fair_at_hoboken_-_wga03527_custom-bd24cc424da80346e34466b7ec7a634a8917eba7.jpg 1436w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/07/pieter_bruegel_the_elder_-_the_fair_at_hoboken_-_wga03527_custom-bd24cc424da80346e34466b7ec7a634a8917eba7-400x269.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/07/pieter_bruegel_the_elder_-_the_fair_at_hoboken_-_wga03527_custom-bd24cc424da80346e34466b7ec7a634a8917eba7-800x538.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/07/pieter_bruegel_the_elder_-_the_fair_at_hoboken_-_wga03527_custom-bd24cc424da80346e34466b7ec7a634a8917eba7-1400x941.jpg 1400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/07/pieter_bruegel_the_elder_-_the_fair_at_hoboken_-_wga03527_custom-bd24cc424da80346e34466b7ec7a634a8917eba7-1180x793.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/07/pieter_bruegel_the_elder_-_the_fair_at_hoboken_-_wga03527_custom-bd24cc424da80346e34466b7ec7a634a8917eba7-960x645.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1436px) 100vw, 1436px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">As Europe's forests were felled to grow crops, pigs took up residence in towns, as in this 1559 sketch \"Fair at Hoboken\" by Breugel the Elder. The pig's scavenging habits — which included the occasional human corpse — was one factor in a decline in the reputation of pigs and pork in the late Middle Ages. \u003ccite>(\u003ca href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pieter_Bruegel_the_Elder_-_The_Fair_at_Hoboken_-_WGA03527.jpg\">Pieter Bruegel the Elder/via Wikimedia\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Koran followed suit in the seventh century AD: \"forbidden to you is ... the flesh of swine.\" Today a quarter of the world's population — 14 million Jews and 1.6 billion Muslims — must avoid pork.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rules strike many as arbitrary, and there has been no shortage of attempts to expose the supposedly hidden truth. The mostly popular explanation — that the ban protected against trichinosis — is almost \u003ca href=\"https://books.google.com/books?id=WV8WAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA70&lpg=PA70&dq=trichinosis+pork+taboo&source=bl&ots=FwHCxtq-Du&sig=53EDiZvefxTwsT54L5s_fu2YD00&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CDAQ6AEwBTgKahUKEwjFquP2iePGAhWCvYAKHVOJAvw#v=onepage&q=trichinosis%20pork%20taboo&f=false\">certainly untrue\u003c/a> (there's no evidence the parasite existed in ancient Palestine, and other meats could be equally dangerous). Some scholars point to the unsuitability of pigs for desert conditions, or the fact that pigs and humans might compete for food. Others suggest that poor people could raise pigs at home and thereby gain control of their own food supply; rulers, intent on total control, banned pigs so the poor would be hungry unless fed by the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_98222\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/07/pigsty.jpg\" alt=\"This Chinese sculpture, dating to about 200 AD, depicts an outhouse perched over a pigsty. All over the world pigs ate human waste, carrion, and rotting garbage, a dietary habit that made them quite useful—they cleaned the streets and transformed filth into meat—but also turned them into pariahs.\" width=\"400\" height=\"356\" class=\"size-full wp-image-98222\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This Chinese sculpture, dating to about 200 AD, depicts an outhouse perched over a pigsty. All over the world pigs ate human waste, carrion, and rotting garbage, a dietary habit that made them quite useful—they cleaned the streets and transformed filth into meat—but also turned them into pariahs. \u003ccite>(\u003ca href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Green_glazed_toilet_with_pigsty_model._Eastern_Han_dynasty_25_-_220_CE.jpg\">via Wikimedia\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>All of these theories hold a piece of the truth, but the best explanation lies in Leviticus. The approved animals \"chew the cud,\" which is another way of saying they are ruminants that eat grass. Pigs \"cheweth not the cud\" because they possess simple guts, unable to digest cellulose. They eat calorie-dense foods, not only nuts and grains but also less salubrious items such as carrion, human corpses and feces. Pigs were unclean because they ate filth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Jews were not alone in this prejudice. In the great civilizations of Mesopotamia and Egypt, priests and rulers avoided pork at all costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just across the Mediterranean, however, the Romans loved swine with a passion matched by few people before or since. Romans sacrificed pigs to their gods and created an elaborate pork-based cuisine, including some dishes—such as roast udder of lactating sow—that could make even a gentile shudder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What accounts for these differing views? In the Near East, an arid land, most pigs lived as urban scavengers. The Italian Peninsula, by contrast, boasted vast oak forests, and Rome imported wheat by the shipload. Rather than eating garbage in the streets, Roman pigs spent their days dining on acorns and grain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reputation of pork depends upon the life of the pig. In early medieval Europe, when most pigs foraged in the woods, pork was the preferred meat of the nobility. By 1300 most forests had been felled, and pigs became scavengers. In a medieval British text, a woman explains that she won't serve pork because pigs \"eat human shit in the streets.\" Pigs also dined on human flesh, which was available because executed prisoners, among others, were left unburied. In Shakespeare's \u003cem>Richard III\u003c/em>, the title character is described as a \"foul swine\" who \"Swills your warm blood like wash, and makes his trough / In your embowell'd bosoms.\" An Irish religious text noted, \"Cows feed only on grass and the leaves of trees, but swine eat things clean and unclean.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pigs today eat a wholesome diet of corn and soybeans, but people have new reasons to avoid pork.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most intelligent of farm animals, swine raised in the confined feeding operations that now dominate the industry endure the most inhumane conditions. They stand on slatted concrete floors, trampling their waste into gutters below. Most sows still spend nearly their entire lives confined to \"gestation crates,\" metal cages so tiny the animals can't turn around (though this \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2014/01/07/260439063/smithfield-prods-its-pork-suppliers-to-dump-pig-crates\">is changing\u003c/a>.) Sick piglets are killed by being grabbed by their hind legs and slammed against the floor, a practice known as \"thumping.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_98217\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1214px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/07/16005870734_40a6e97747_o_custom-35581d40e2c1d1c4b0eb330f0762b062fe08902f.jpg\" alt=\"A hog facility in Duplin County, N.C. discharges waste into a manure lagoon, April 2015.\" width=\"1214\" height=\"808\" class=\"size-full wp-image-98217\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/07/16005870734_40a6e97747_o_custom-35581d40e2c1d1c4b0eb330f0762b062fe08902f.jpg 1214w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/07/16005870734_40a6e97747_o_custom-35581d40e2c1d1c4b0eb330f0762b062fe08902f-400x266.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/07/16005870734_40a6e97747_o_custom-35581d40e2c1d1c4b0eb330f0762b062fe08902f-800x532.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/07/16005870734_40a6e97747_o_custom-35581d40e2c1d1c4b0eb330f0762b062fe08902f-1180x785.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/07/16005870734_40a6e97747_o_custom-35581d40e2c1d1c4b0eb330f0762b062fe08902f-960x639.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1214px) 100vw, 1214px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A hog facility in Duplin County, N.C. discharges waste into a manure lagoon, April 2015. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Waterkeeper Alliance)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Critiques of such practices, once the concern mostly of animals rights groups, have gone mainstream. This year the restaurant chain Chipotle \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2015/01/16/377760603/chipotles-pulled-pork-highlights-debate-over-sow-welfare\">kept carnitas off the menu\u003c/a> at some locations because it couldn't find enough pork raised according to its stricter welfare standards. Other chains, including McDonald's, still serve conventional pork but have pressured pork suppliers to change their ways. As a result the largest pork producers have vowed to phase out gestation crates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smaller producers have taken larger steps, adopting methods that would look familiar to ancient Romans: Their pigs roam on pasture or gobble acorns in the woods. That's the kind of agriculture that might prompt not disgust but enthusiastic cries of, \"Pork! Pork! Pork!\"\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://markessig.com/\">Mark Essig\u003c/a> is the author, most recently, of \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://www.amazon.com/Lesser-Beasts-Snout-Tail-History/dp/0465052746\">Lesser Beasts: A Snout-to-Tail History of the Humble Pig\u003c/a>\u003cem>. He holds a Ph.D. in history from Cornell University and lives in Asheville, N.C.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003cem>Copyright 2015 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/98213/why-the-pig-is-the-most-loved-and-most-loathed-animal-on-the-plate","authors":["byline_bayareabites_98213"],"categories":["bayareabites_2090","bayareabites_10916"],"tags":["bayareabites_11393","bayareabites_616"],"featImg":"bayareabites_98214","label":"bayareabites"},"bayareabites_92221":{"type":"posts","id":"bayareabites_92221","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"bayareabites","id":"92221","score":null,"sort":[1421857056000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"chipotles-pulled-pork-highlights-debate-over-sow-welfare","title":"Chipotle's Pulled Pork Highlights Debate Over Sow Welfare","publishDate":1421857056,"format":"aside","headTitle":"Bay Area Bites | KQED Food","labelTerm":{"site":"bayareabites"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_92225\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/01/chipotle.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/01/chipotle.jpg\" alt=\" Workers prepare burritos at a Chipotle Mexican Grill in New York. The restaurant chain has stopped serving pork in about one-third of its U.S. locations. Photo: Richard Levine/Demotix/Corbis \" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" class=\"size-full wp-image-92225\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Workers prepare burritos at a Chipotle Mexican Grill in New York. The restaurant chain has stopped serving pork in about one-third of its U.S. locations. Photo: Richard Levine/Demotix/Corbis\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story on All Things Considered:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nhttp://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2015/01/20150119_atc_chipotles_pulled_pork_highlights_debate_over_sow_welfare.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>by \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/143160021/daniel-charles\" target=\"_blank\">Dan Charles\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2015/01/16/377760603/chipotles-pulled-pork-highlights-debate-over-sow-welfare\" target=\"_blank\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (1/19/15)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About a third of all Chipotle restaurants are not serving carnitas at the moment, because the restaurant chain has suspended one of its major pork suppliers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The restaurant chain has declined to identify the supplier and the exact reasons for the suspension. In its official statements, Chipotle said only that the supplier was not in compliance with the company's \u003ca href=\"http://www.chipotle.com/en-us/fwi/animals/animals.aspx\">animal welfare standards\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when David Maren heard the news, he had a pretty good idea what the problem was.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maren is the founder of \u003ca href=\"http://www.grassfedbeef.org/Beyond-Organic-Pork/\">Tendergrass Farms\u003c/a>, near Roanoke, Va. It's an online marketer of meat and organic lard from a network of farmers. The farmers raise their pigs Chipotle-style: The animals get no antibiotics or growth-promoting drugs. They aren't confined inside buildings. In fact, most of them spend their whole life on pasture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maren says it's not hard to persuade pork producers to adopt part of that package. They don't mind so much cutting out the drugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there are two technologies that many farmers cannot imagine giving up, and these are things that Chipotle does not allow: farrowing crates and slatted-floor housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farrowing crates are small pens, measuring about 6 feet by 2 feet, where mother pigs, or sows, are confined for a period that starts just before farrowing, or giving birth. The sows stay in the crates for about three weeks while their piglets are nursing. These pens are different from \"gestation crates,\" which confine a sow during most of her adult life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The purpose [of farrowing crates] is to protect the baby pigs,\" says Maren. Metal walls keep sows from stepping on the piglets. This also means that the sows cannot move much or turn around.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_92222\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/01/ap090710048753_slide-6962e70a8b8da5b2c1a6bcc32b34d52696258fd1-e1421856825108.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/01/ap090710048753_slide-6962e70a8b8da5b2c1a6bcc32b34d52696258fd1-e1421856825108.jpg\" alt=\"A sow nurses her piglets in a farrowing crate in an Elite Pork Partnership hog confinement building in Carroll, Iowa, in 2009. Photo: Charlie Neibergall/AP\" width=\"1000\" height=\"667\" class=\"size-full wp-image-92222\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A sow nurses her piglets in a farrowing crate in an Elite Pork Partnership hog confinement building in Carroll, Iowa, in 2009. Photo: Charlie Neibergall/AP\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Slatted floors, meanwhile, are a basic feature of most standard hog houses. They allow farmers to raise lots of pigs indoors, out of the weather, and keep them clean. Manure drops down through the slats into collection pits. Critics say it is unnatural and inhumane to keep pigs inside on a hard, bare surface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An industry source has confirmed Maren's guess. These two issues were the cause of Chipotle's pork problems this past week, after it discovered the supplier was using the methods the company bans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maren is surprisingly conflicted about these rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though his farmers' methods meet — and actually exceed — Chipotle's standards, he says, he's not really sure that these rules make much sense for a large-scale buyer of pork.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take farrowing crates, he says. Confining a sow looks inhumane, \"but the alternative is, if you put a picture right beside that of a farmer walking out of his alternative farrowing house with a five-gallon bucket full of dead baby pigs, you have to ask yourself, which is more humane?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or consider slatted-floor housing. It's true that this is not a natural environment for pigs, but it allows farmers to handle large numbers of pigs. What Chipotle wants — pigs living in \"deeply bedded pens\" that they can dig around in — takes a lot more work, space and bedding material, such as straw.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's all about scalability,\" Maren says. \"They can find a few hundred farmers to do that, and they have. Can they find a few thousand, or tens of thousands, to feed America? I think that's going to be challenging.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chipotle's head of communication, Chris Arnold, says this has not been a problem so far. The current shortfall in pork was a one-time problem with a single supplier, he says. In general, he says, Chipotle has had little difficulty finding pork suppliers who are willing and able to follow its rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arnold would not identify the offending pork producer. He says the supplier may simply not have fully understood Chipotle's requirements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We believe that these are good people who are trying to do the right thing, and if they bring their protocols into [compliance] with our standards, we'd certainly consider having them back as part of our supply network,\" Arnold says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That won't happen quickly, though. It would mean building another style of farrowing pens and new barns to house the pigs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2015 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Wondering why your local Chipotle is no longer serving pork? It's because a big supplier was housing pigs in confined quarters. But there's debate about whether that's really worse for the animals.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1421857056,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":24,"wordCount":796},"headData":{"title":"Chipotle's Pulled Pork Highlights Debate Over Sow Welfare | KQED","description":"Wondering why your local Chipotle is no longer serving pork? It's because a big supplier was housing pigs in confined quarters. But there's debate about whether that's really worse for the animals.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"92221 http://blogs.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=92221","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2015/01/21/chipotles-pulled-pork-highlights-debate-over-sow-welfare/","disqusTitle":"Chipotle's Pulled Pork Highlights Debate Over Sow Welfare","nprByline":"Dan Charles","nprStoryId":"377760603","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=377760603&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2015/01/16/377760603/chipotles-pulled-pork-highlights-debate-over-sow-welfare?ft=3&f=377760603","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Tue, 20 Jan 2015 13:07:00 -0500","nprStoryDate":"Mon, 19 Jan 2015 16:07:00 -0500","nprLastModifiedDate":"Tue, 20 Jan 2015 13:07:11 -0500","nprAudio":"http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2015/01/20150119_atc_chipotles_pulled_pork_highlights_debate_over_sow_welfare.mp3?orgId=1&topicIda=1006&ft=3&f=377760603","nprAudioM3u":"http://api.npr.org/m3u/1378409728-445c7f.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1006&ft=3&f=377760603","path":"/bayareabites/92221/chipotles-pulled-pork-highlights-debate-over-sow-welfare","audioUrl":"http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2015/01/20150119_atc_chipotles_pulled_pork_highlights_debate_over_sow_welfare.mp3","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_92225\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/01/chipotle.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/01/chipotle.jpg\" alt=\" Workers prepare burritos at a Chipotle Mexican Grill in New York. The restaurant chain has stopped serving pork in about one-third of its U.S. locations. Photo: Richard Levine/Demotix/Corbis \" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" class=\"size-full wp-image-92225\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Workers prepare burritos at a Chipotle Mexican Grill in New York. The restaurant chain has stopped serving pork in about one-third of its U.S. locations. Photo: Richard Levine/Demotix/Corbis\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story on All Things Considered:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nhttp://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2015/01/20150119_atc_chipotles_pulled_pork_highlights_debate_over_sow_welfare.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>by \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/143160021/daniel-charles\" target=\"_blank\">Dan Charles\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2015/01/16/377760603/chipotles-pulled-pork-highlights-debate-over-sow-welfare\" target=\"_blank\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (1/19/15)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About a third of all Chipotle restaurants are not serving carnitas at the moment, because the restaurant chain has suspended one of its major pork suppliers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The restaurant chain has declined to identify the supplier and the exact reasons for the suspension. In its official statements, Chipotle said only that the supplier was not in compliance with the company's \u003ca href=\"http://www.chipotle.com/en-us/fwi/animals/animals.aspx\">animal welfare standards\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when David Maren heard the news, he had a pretty good idea what the problem was.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maren is the founder of \u003ca href=\"http://www.grassfedbeef.org/Beyond-Organic-Pork/\">Tendergrass Farms\u003c/a>, near Roanoke, Va. It's an online marketer of meat and organic lard from a network of farmers. The farmers raise their pigs Chipotle-style: The animals get no antibiotics or growth-promoting drugs. They aren't confined inside buildings. In fact, most of them spend their whole life on pasture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maren says it's not hard to persuade pork producers to adopt part of that package. They don't mind so much cutting out the drugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there are two technologies that many farmers cannot imagine giving up, and these are things that Chipotle does not allow: farrowing crates and slatted-floor housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farrowing crates are small pens, measuring about 6 feet by 2 feet, where mother pigs, or sows, are confined for a period that starts just before farrowing, or giving birth. The sows stay in the crates for about three weeks while their piglets are nursing. These pens are different from \"gestation crates,\" which confine a sow during most of her adult life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The purpose [of farrowing crates] is to protect the baby pigs,\" says Maren. Metal walls keep sows from stepping on the piglets. This also means that the sows cannot move much or turn around.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_92222\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/01/ap090710048753_slide-6962e70a8b8da5b2c1a6bcc32b34d52696258fd1-e1421856825108.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/01/ap090710048753_slide-6962e70a8b8da5b2c1a6bcc32b34d52696258fd1-e1421856825108.jpg\" alt=\"A sow nurses her piglets in a farrowing crate in an Elite Pork Partnership hog confinement building in Carroll, Iowa, in 2009. Photo: Charlie Neibergall/AP\" width=\"1000\" height=\"667\" class=\"size-full wp-image-92222\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A sow nurses her piglets in a farrowing crate in an Elite Pork Partnership hog confinement building in Carroll, Iowa, in 2009. Photo: Charlie Neibergall/AP\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Slatted floors, meanwhile, are a basic feature of most standard hog houses. They allow farmers to raise lots of pigs indoors, out of the weather, and keep them clean. Manure drops down through the slats into collection pits. Critics say it is unnatural and inhumane to keep pigs inside on a hard, bare surface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An industry source has confirmed Maren's guess. These two issues were the cause of Chipotle's pork problems this past week, after it discovered the supplier was using the methods the company bans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maren is surprisingly conflicted about these rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though his farmers' methods meet — and actually exceed — Chipotle's standards, he says, he's not really sure that these rules make much sense for a large-scale buyer of pork.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take farrowing crates, he says. Confining a sow looks inhumane, \"but the alternative is, if you put a picture right beside that of a farmer walking out of his alternative farrowing house with a five-gallon bucket full of dead baby pigs, you have to ask yourself, which is more humane?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or consider slatted-floor housing. It's true that this is not a natural environment for pigs, but it allows farmers to handle large numbers of pigs. What Chipotle wants — pigs living in \"deeply bedded pens\" that they can dig around in — takes a lot more work, space and bedding material, such as straw.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's all about scalability,\" Maren says. \"They can find a few hundred farmers to do that, and they have. Can they find a few thousand, or tens of thousands, to feed America? I think that's going to be challenging.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chipotle's head of communication, Chris Arnold, says this has not been a problem so far. The current shortfall in pork was a one-time problem with a single supplier, he says. In general, he says, Chipotle has had little difficulty finding pork suppliers who are willing and able to follow its rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arnold would not identify the offending pork producer. He says the supplier may simply not have fully understood Chipotle's requirements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We believe that these are good people who are trying to do the right thing, and if they bring their protocols into [compliance] with our standards, we'd certainly consider having them back as part of our supply network,\" Arnold says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That won't happen quickly, though. It would mean building another style of farrowing pens and new barns to house the pigs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2015 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/92221/chipotles-pulled-pork-highlights-debate-over-sow-welfare","authors":["byline_bayareabites_92221"],"categories":["bayareabites_1874","bayareabites_10028","bayareabites_10916","bayareabites_2035","bayareabites_34","bayareabites_1807"],"tags":["bayareabites_11539","bayareabites_12575","bayareabites_99","bayareabites_14082","bayareabites_12211","bayareabites_11270","bayareabites_11393","bayareabites_616","bayareabites_10921"],"featImg":"bayareabites_92222","label":"bayareabites"},"bayareabites_81330":{"type":"posts","id":"bayareabites_81330","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"bayareabites","id":"81330","score":null,"sort":[1399304374000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"deadly-virus-sparks-french-ban-on-live-pigs-from-u-s","title":"Deadly Virus Sparks French Ban On Live Pigs From U.S.","publishDate":1399304374,"format":"aside","headTitle":"Bay Area Bites | KQED Food","labelTerm":{"site":"bayareabites"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_81331\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1673px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/05/pig_virus_wide-85820a7ec59e57aa06c58656c7e298c3cb594874.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/05/pig_virus_wide-85820a7ec59e57aa06c58656c7e298c3cb594874.jpg\" alt=\"France has banned imports of live pigs and other products from the U.S. to keep out a virus that has killed more than 4 million pigs in the U.S. Here, young pigs look out of a pen at a North Dakota hog farm in a 2005 file photo. Photo: Will Kincaid/AP\" width=\"1673\" height=\"941\" class=\"size-full wp-image-81331\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">France has banned imports of live pigs and other products from the U.S. to keep out a virus that has killed more than 4 million pigs in the U.S. Here, young pigs look out of a pen at a North Dakota hog farm in a 2005 file photo. Photo: Will Kincaid/AP\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>by \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/14562108/bill-chappell\">Bill Chappell\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2014/05/03/309281668/deadly-virus-sparks-french-ban-on-live-pigs-from-u-s\">The Two-Way at NPR Food\u003c/a> (5/3/14)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>France has banned imports of live pigs and related products from the U.S. and other countries in an attempt to keep a deadly virus that has killed millions of piglets in North America and Asia from spreading. The Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus has spread rapidly since the first U.S. case was reported last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The virus has killed pigs in at least 25 U.S. states and parts of Canada. As WBUR's \u003ca href=\"http://hereandnow.wbur.org/2014/03/21/deadly-pig-virus\">Here & Now\u003c/a> reported in March, \"The U.S. Department of Agriculture lowered its pork projections for this year, and hog prices recently reached a record high.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>France's ban, which covers pigs and products from the U.S., Canada, Mexico, and Japan, goes into effect Saturday. From Paris, NPR's Eleanor Beardsley reports for our Newscast unit:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\n\u003cp>\"France is the first E.U. country to restrict imports of U.S. pig products. The ban aims to contain the spread of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The disease was first identified in the United States almost a year ago, and has killed around 7 million young pigs. As a result, hog supplies are down, causing prices to soar. Agriculture officials suspect that animal feed has been a factor in transmitting the disease in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In France, the focus is on imports of live pigs and feed containing byproducts, such as plasma from pig blood. The French ban does not include pork for human consumption, because the disease does not pose any danger to humans.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The French government says only a small number of live pigs are imported from the U.S. and Canada, according to \u003ca href=\"http://www.lepoint.fr/economie/la-france-interdit-l-importation-de-cochons-americains-et-leurs-semences-02-05-2014-1818596_28.php\">Le Point\u003c/a>. The ban's main target is pig feed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As \u003ca href=\"http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-27256466\">the BBC\u003c/a> reports, some suspect pig feed of playing a role in spreading the virus. The news agency says efforts to combat it have been complicated by \"the use of dried pig blood in feedstuffs that are given to weaned piglets.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fallout from the virus has sparked outrage and controversy in the U.S. — particularly after a video emerged in February that showed what the Humane Society called a \"piglet smoothie\" made from infected animals being fed to sows at a farm in Kentucky.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As NPR's \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/02/20/280183550/piglet-smoothie-fed-to-sows-to-prevent-disease-activists-outraged\">The Salt\u003c/a> reported, \"Hog farmers and veterinarians say that while feeding the guts (or stool) of dead piglets back to sows may sound icky, it's the only option they've got to keep the dreaded PEDV from decimating herds and the whole of the U.S. hog supply.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The PED virus is extremely potent and hard to contain. Here's how Amy Mayer of \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/01/26/265706146/pig-virus-continues-to-spread-raising-fears-of-pricier-bacon\">Harvest Public Media\u003c/a> described it in January:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\n\u003cp>\"Since its arrival, PED has been spreading relentlessly, not unlike how a cold can rip through a preschool classroom even if kids are required to wash their hands. PED spreads within barns and from farm to farm, even when strict biosecurity measures — hand-washing for livestock workers — are in place. That's because it can survive in tiny bits of manure that travel on boots or trucks.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>According to \u003ca href=\"http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/05/02/us-france-pork-idUSKBN0DI1CH20140502\">Reuters\u003c/a>, \"China, the world's No. 1 pork consumer, and Japan have already imposed 'temporary restrictions' on U.S. pig imports until their ministries reach deals with the United States on testing animals, a trade group said.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">Copyright 2014 \u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"France has halted imports of live pigs and related products from the U.S. in an attempt to stymie a virus that's killed millions of piglets in North America and Asia.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1399304374,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":17,"wordCount":621},"headData":{"title":"Deadly Virus Sparks French Ban On Live Pigs From U.S. | KQED","description":"France has halted imports of live pigs and related products from the U.S. in an attempt to stymie a virus that's killed millions of piglets in North America and Asia.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"81330 http://blogs.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=81330","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2014/05/05/deadly-virus-sparks-french-ban-on-live-pigs-from-u-s/","disqusTitle":"Deadly Virus Sparks French Ban On Live Pigs From U.S.","nprByline":"Bill Chappell","nprStoryId":"309281668","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=309281668&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2014/05/03/309281668/deadly-virus-sparks-french-ban-on-live-pigs-from-u-s?ft=3&f=309281668","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Sat, 03 May 2014 14:37:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Sat, 03 May 2014 13:47:00 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Sat, 03 May 2014 14:37:52 -0400","path":"/bayareabites/81330/deadly-virus-sparks-french-ban-on-live-pigs-from-u-s","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_81331\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1673px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/05/pig_virus_wide-85820a7ec59e57aa06c58656c7e298c3cb594874.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/05/pig_virus_wide-85820a7ec59e57aa06c58656c7e298c3cb594874.jpg\" alt=\"France has banned imports of live pigs and other products from the U.S. to keep out a virus that has killed more than 4 million pigs in the U.S. Here, young pigs look out of a pen at a North Dakota hog farm in a 2005 file photo. Photo: Will Kincaid/AP\" width=\"1673\" height=\"941\" class=\"size-full wp-image-81331\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">France has banned imports of live pigs and other products from the U.S. to keep out a virus that has killed more than 4 million pigs in the U.S. Here, young pigs look out of a pen at a North Dakota hog farm in a 2005 file photo. Photo: Will Kincaid/AP\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>by \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/14562108/bill-chappell\">Bill Chappell\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2014/05/03/309281668/deadly-virus-sparks-french-ban-on-live-pigs-from-u-s\">The Two-Way at NPR Food\u003c/a> (5/3/14)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>France has banned imports of live pigs and related products from the U.S. and other countries in an attempt to keep a deadly virus that has killed millions of piglets in North America and Asia from spreading. The Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus has spread rapidly since the first U.S. case was reported last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The virus has killed pigs in at least 25 U.S. states and parts of Canada. As WBUR's \u003ca href=\"http://hereandnow.wbur.org/2014/03/21/deadly-pig-virus\">Here & Now\u003c/a> reported in March, \"The U.S. Department of Agriculture lowered its pork projections for this year, and hog prices recently reached a record high.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>France's ban, which covers pigs and products from the U.S., Canada, Mexico, and Japan, goes into effect Saturday. From Paris, NPR's Eleanor Beardsley reports for our Newscast unit:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\n\u003cp>\"France is the first E.U. country to restrict imports of U.S. pig products. The ban aims to contain the spread of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The disease was first identified in the United States almost a year ago, and has killed around 7 million young pigs. As a result, hog supplies are down, causing prices to soar. Agriculture officials suspect that animal feed has been a factor in transmitting the disease in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In France, the focus is on imports of live pigs and feed containing byproducts, such as plasma from pig blood. The French ban does not include pork for human consumption, because the disease does not pose any danger to humans.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The French government says only a small number of live pigs are imported from the U.S. and Canada, according to \u003ca href=\"http://www.lepoint.fr/economie/la-france-interdit-l-importation-de-cochons-americains-et-leurs-semences-02-05-2014-1818596_28.php\">Le Point\u003c/a>. The ban's main target is pig feed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As \u003ca href=\"http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-27256466\">the BBC\u003c/a> reports, some suspect pig feed of playing a role in spreading the virus. The news agency says efforts to combat it have been complicated by \"the use of dried pig blood in feedstuffs that are given to weaned piglets.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fallout from the virus has sparked outrage and controversy in the U.S. — particularly after a video emerged in February that showed what the Humane Society called a \"piglet smoothie\" made from infected animals being fed to sows at a farm in Kentucky.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As NPR's \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/02/20/280183550/piglet-smoothie-fed-to-sows-to-prevent-disease-activists-outraged\">The Salt\u003c/a> reported, \"Hog farmers and veterinarians say that while feeding the guts (or stool) of dead piglets back to sows may sound icky, it's the only option they've got to keep the dreaded PEDV from decimating herds and the whole of the U.S. hog supply.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The PED virus is extremely potent and hard to contain. Here's how Amy Mayer of \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/01/26/265706146/pig-virus-continues-to-spread-raising-fears-of-pricier-bacon\">Harvest Public Media\u003c/a> described it in January:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\n\u003cp>\"Since its arrival, PED has been spreading relentlessly, not unlike how a cold can rip through a preschool classroom even if kids are required to wash their hands. PED spreads within barns and from farm to farm, even when strict biosecurity measures — hand-washing for livestock workers — are in place. That's because it can survive in tiny bits of manure that travel on boots or trucks.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>According to \u003ca href=\"http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/05/02/us-france-pork-idUSKBN0DI1CH20140502\">Reuters\u003c/a>, \"China, the world's No. 1 pork consumer, and Japan have already imposed 'temporary restrictions' on U.S. pig imports until their ministries reach deals with the United States on testing animals, a trade group said.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">Copyright 2014 \u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/81330/deadly-virus-sparks-french-ban-on-live-pigs-from-u-s","authors":["byline_bayareabites_81330"],"categories":["bayareabites_1245","bayareabites_10916","bayareabites_2035"],"tags":["bayareabites_74","bayareabites_11393","bayareabites_13324","bayareabites_11465","bayareabites_13326","bayareabites_13325"],"featImg":"bayareabites_81331","label":"bayareabites"},"bayareabites_78441":{"type":"posts","id":"bayareabites_78441","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"bayareabites","id":"78441","score":null,"sort":[1392943042000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"piglet-smoothie-fed-to-sows-to-prevent-disease-activists-outraged","title":"'Piglet Smoothie' Fed To Sows To Prevent Disease; Activists Outraged","publishDate":1392943042,"format":"aside","headTitle":"Bay Area Bites | KQED Food","labelTerm":{"site":"bayareabites"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_78442\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1022px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/02/boar_and_springer_gestation_11-17_mp4_187069_wide-04dc4a2d82d70a10ec570a438321dc61e3058212.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/02/boar_and_springer_gestation_11-17_mp4_187069_wide-04dc4a2d82d70a10ec570a438321dc61e3058212.jpg\" alt=\"A screengrab from an undercover video released by the Humane Society of the U.S. shows a pig in a gestation crate at Iron Maiden Farms in Owensboro, Ky. Photo: Courtesy of the Humane Society of the United States\" width=\"1022\" height=\"575\" class=\"size-full wp-image-78442\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A screengrab from an undercover video released by the Humane Society of the U.S. shows a pig in a gestation crate at Iron Maiden Farms in Owensboro, Ky. Photo: Courtesy of the Humane Society of the United States\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Post by Eliza Barclay, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/02/20/280183550/piglet-smoothie-fed-to-sows-to-prevent-disease-activists-outraged\" target=\"_blank\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (2/20/2014)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Animal welfare groups go to great lengths to show us how \"the sausage\" is made inside the factory-style farms that produce most of our meat. For the last few years, they've armed activists with video cameras and sent them to document alleged abuses or risky practices undercover.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Thursday, the Humane Society of the U.S. released its latest video — a look at how one hog farm in Kentucky is dealing with \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=265706146&live=1\">porcine epidemic diarrhea virus\u003c/a>, or PEDV. The fast-spreading virus has killed more than 2 million piglets in 25 states in the U.S. in since April 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Let's just say it isn't pretty. (The video \u003ca href=\"http://www.humanesociety.org/news/press_releases/2014/02/Iron_Maiden_022014.html\">is available\u003c/a> on the Humane Society's website, but we should warn you that it's very, very graphic.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this video, we learn what happens to the piglets at Iron Maiden Hog Farm in Owensboro, K.Y., that succumbed to the virus: The animals are ground up and fed, as a \"smoothie\" — as HSUS dubs it — back to the sows, which could be their own mothers. (The exact size of the farm is unknown, but the barn shown in the video houses about 2,400 sows.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's beyond disturbing seeing piglets being prepared for this process,\" the unidentified narrator, an HSUS activist, tells viewers. \"It seems obvious that confining pigs in such an environment that causes open sores, extreme stress and filthy living conditions would only encourage the spread of disease.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before we see the pile of dead piglets, we're shown how the sows at Iron Maiden are confined to narrow stalls that severely limit the animals' movement. No surprise here — these gestation crates are common in the industry, and animal welfare experts have long called on farmers to do away with them. (Many big producers are now moving away from the crates, as \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2014/01/07/smithfield-prods-its-pork-suppliers-to-dump-pig-crates/\">we've reported\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the HSUS claims the practice of feeding dead pigs to live pigs is illegal in the state of Kentucky, and may violate federal law, too. The Swine Health Protection Act prohibits feeding untreated garbage, which could be animal material, to pigs, unless it's \"household waste.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Pig factory farms are not 'households,' and killing piglets is not a 'household operation,'\" HSUS vice president Paul Shapiro tells The Salt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But hog farmers and veterinarians say that while feeding the guts (or stool) of dead piglets back to sows may sound icky, it's the only option they've got to keep the dreaded PEDV from decimating herds and the whole of the U.S. hog supply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/kentuckylivestock\">statement\u003c/a> posted on Facebook, the Kentucky Livestock Coalition, a group representing farm groups in the state, called it a \"widely-accepted and veterinary-recommended management practice.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.aasv.org/aasv/contacts.html\">Tom Burkgren\u003c/a>, executive director of the American Association of Swine Veterinarians, says that there are no vaccines or drugs to give to sows so that their piglets won't get the lethal virus. That means the only tool farmers have is \"controlled exposure,\" or feeding dead piglets to sows. What's more, he says, \"controlled exposure\" has been used for decades to protect animals against rare diseases like PEDV, which has only been in the U.S. for one year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When I'm faced with the choice of seeing and carrying hundreds of dead baby pigs out of a barn or overcoming the 'ick factor,' I'm going to get over that 'ick factor,' because my goal is to save lives,\" Burkgren tells The Salt. (Burkgren adds that mother pigs sometimes cannibalize their babies like this on their own — he's seen it on farms where pigs are confined, and ones where they're allowed to pasture.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the HSUS points out that there's a higher risk of infection in large industrial hog operations like Iron Maiden, compared to smaller farms that raise their pigs outdoors. And \u003ca href=\"http://www.humanesociety.org/about/leadership/executive_staff/michael_blackwell.html\">Michael Blackwell\u003c/a>, senior director of veterinary policy for HSUS, says farmers do not necessarily have to resort to feeding pigs to pigs to prevent the spread of PEDV.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Keeping animals in a distress-free environment would help their immune systems. PEDV is a sentinel of the system not being in the best interest of the health of the animals,\" Blackwell told reporters in a press conference. \"We know we have limitations in the system in terms of inadequate space and nutrition.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for HSUS' allegations of general abuse of the sows at Iron Maiden, Brent Burchett, a spokesman for the Kentucky Livestock Coalition, told The Salt in an email: \"I have personally toured this farm ... After watching the video, I believe it does not reflect the values of the producer in question.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Undercover footage shows a hog farm feeding sows ground-up piglets who succumbed to a deadly virus. Veterinarians say it's the only method they have to protect herds against a fast-spreading disease.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1392943042,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":19,"wordCount":837},"headData":{"title":"'Piglet Smoothie' Fed To Sows To Prevent Disease; Activists Outraged | KQED","description":"Undercover footage shows a hog farm feeding sows ground-up piglets who succumbed to a deadly virus. Veterinarians say it's the only method they have to protect herds against a fast-spreading disease.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"78441 http://blogs.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=78441","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2014/02/20/piglet-smoothie-fed-to-sows-to-prevent-disease-activists-outraged/","disqusTitle":"'Piglet Smoothie' Fed To Sows To Prevent Disease; Activists Outraged","nprByline":"Eliza Barclay","nprStoryId":"280183550","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=280183550&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/02/20/280183550/piglet-smoothie-fed-to-sows-to-prevent-disease-activists-outraged?ft=3&f=280183550","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Thu, 20 Feb 2014 16:46:00 -0500","nprStoryDate":"Thu, 20 Feb 2014 16:37:00 -0500","nprLastModifiedDate":"Thu, 20 Feb 2014 16:46:32 -0500","path":"/bayareabites/78441/piglet-smoothie-fed-to-sows-to-prevent-disease-activists-outraged","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_78442\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1022px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/02/boar_and_springer_gestation_11-17_mp4_187069_wide-04dc4a2d82d70a10ec570a438321dc61e3058212.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/02/boar_and_springer_gestation_11-17_mp4_187069_wide-04dc4a2d82d70a10ec570a438321dc61e3058212.jpg\" alt=\"A screengrab from an undercover video released by the Humane Society of the U.S. shows a pig in a gestation crate at Iron Maiden Farms in Owensboro, Ky. Photo: Courtesy of the Humane Society of the United States\" width=\"1022\" height=\"575\" class=\"size-full wp-image-78442\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A screengrab from an undercover video released by the Humane Society of the U.S. shows a pig in a gestation crate at Iron Maiden Farms in Owensboro, Ky. Photo: Courtesy of the Humane Society of the United States\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Post by Eliza Barclay, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/02/20/280183550/piglet-smoothie-fed-to-sows-to-prevent-disease-activists-outraged\" target=\"_blank\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (2/20/2014)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Animal welfare groups go to great lengths to show us how \"the sausage\" is made inside the factory-style farms that produce most of our meat. For the last few years, they've armed activists with video cameras and sent them to document alleged abuses or risky practices undercover.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Thursday, the Humane Society of the U.S. released its latest video — a look at how one hog farm in Kentucky is dealing with \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=265706146&live=1\">porcine epidemic diarrhea virus\u003c/a>, or PEDV. The fast-spreading virus has killed more than 2 million piglets in 25 states in the U.S. in since April 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Let's just say it isn't pretty. (The video \u003ca href=\"http://www.humanesociety.org/news/press_releases/2014/02/Iron_Maiden_022014.html\">is available\u003c/a> on the Humane Society's website, but we should warn you that it's very, very graphic.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this video, we learn what happens to the piglets at Iron Maiden Hog Farm in Owensboro, K.Y., that succumbed to the virus: The animals are ground up and fed, as a \"smoothie\" — as HSUS dubs it — back to the sows, which could be their own mothers. (The exact size of the farm is unknown, but the barn shown in the video houses about 2,400 sows.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's beyond disturbing seeing piglets being prepared for this process,\" the unidentified narrator, an HSUS activist, tells viewers. \"It seems obvious that confining pigs in such an environment that causes open sores, extreme stress and filthy living conditions would only encourage the spread of disease.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before we see the pile of dead piglets, we're shown how the sows at Iron Maiden are confined to narrow stalls that severely limit the animals' movement. No surprise here — these gestation crates are common in the industry, and animal welfare experts have long called on farmers to do away with them. (Many big producers are now moving away from the crates, as \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2014/01/07/smithfield-prods-its-pork-suppliers-to-dump-pig-crates/\">we've reported\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the HSUS claims the practice of feeding dead pigs to live pigs is illegal in the state of Kentucky, and may violate federal law, too. The Swine Health Protection Act prohibits feeding untreated garbage, which could be animal material, to pigs, unless it's \"household waste.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Pig factory farms are not 'households,' and killing piglets is not a 'household operation,'\" HSUS vice president Paul Shapiro tells The Salt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But hog farmers and veterinarians say that while feeding the guts (or stool) of dead piglets back to sows may sound icky, it's the only option they've got to keep the dreaded PEDV from decimating herds and the whole of the U.S. hog supply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/kentuckylivestock\">statement\u003c/a> posted on Facebook, the Kentucky Livestock Coalition, a group representing farm groups in the state, called it a \"widely-accepted and veterinary-recommended management practice.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.aasv.org/aasv/contacts.html\">Tom Burkgren\u003c/a>, executive director of the American Association of Swine Veterinarians, says that there are no vaccines or drugs to give to sows so that their piglets won't get the lethal virus. That means the only tool farmers have is \"controlled exposure,\" or feeding dead piglets to sows. What's more, he says, \"controlled exposure\" has been used for decades to protect animals against rare diseases like PEDV, which has only been in the U.S. for one year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When I'm faced with the choice of seeing and carrying hundreds of dead baby pigs out of a barn or overcoming the 'ick factor,' I'm going to get over that 'ick factor,' because my goal is to save lives,\" Burkgren tells The Salt. (Burkgren adds that mother pigs sometimes cannibalize their babies like this on their own — he's seen it on farms where pigs are confined, and ones where they're allowed to pasture.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the HSUS points out that there's a higher risk of infection in large industrial hog operations like Iron Maiden, compared to smaller farms that raise their pigs outdoors. And \u003ca href=\"http://www.humanesociety.org/about/leadership/executive_staff/michael_blackwell.html\">Michael Blackwell\u003c/a>, senior director of veterinary policy for HSUS, says farmers do not necessarily have to resort to feeding pigs to pigs to prevent the spread of PEDV.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Keeping animals in a distress-free environment would help their immune systems. PEDV is a sentinel of the system not being in the best interest of the health of the animals,\" Blackwell told reporters in a press conference. \"We know we have limitations in the system in terms of inadequate space and nutrition.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for HSUS' allegations of general abuse of the sows at Iron Maiden, Brent Burchett, a spokesman for the Kentucky Livestock Coalition, told The Salt in an email: \"I have personally toured this farm ... After watching the video, I believe it does not reflect the values of the producer in question.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/78441/piglet-smoothie-fed-to-sows-to-prevent-disease-activists-outraged","authors":["byline_bayareabites_78441"],"categories":["bayareabites_1874","bayareabites_10916","bayareabites_2035","bayareabites_316"],"tags":["bayareabites_3897","bayareabites_12887","bayareabites_12886","bayareabites_11393","bayareabites_10921"],"featImg":"bayareabites_78449","label":"bayareabites"},"bayareabites_76184":{"type":"posts","id":"bayareabites_76184","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"bayareabites","id":"76184","score":null,"sort":[1389148323000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"smithfield-prods-its-pork-suppliers-to-dump-pig-crates","title":"Smithfield Prods Its Pork Suppliers To Dump Pig Crates","publishDate":1389148323,"format":"aside","headTitle":"Bay Area Bites | KQED Food","labelTerm":{"site":"bayareabites"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_76187\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 624px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/01/pig-crate.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/01/pig-crate.jpg\" alt=\"Breeding sows in crates at a subsidiary of Smithfield Foods in 2010. The photo was shot by the Humane Society as part of an undercover investigation. Photo: Humane Society/Associated Press\" width=\"624\" height=\"351\" class=\"size-full wp-image-76187\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Breeding sows in crates at a subsidiary of Smithfield Foods in 2010. The photo was shot by the Humane Society as part of an undercover investigation. Photo: Humane Society/Associated Press\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Post by Eliza Barclay, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/01/07/260439063/smithfield-prods-its-pork-suppliers-to-dump-pig-crates\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (1/7/14)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smithfield, the world's largest hog and pork buyer, announced Tuesday that it's asking the independent farmers with whom it has contracts to get rid of stalls for pregnant sows to improve the animals' living conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To nudge these farmers to make the changes to their facilities by 2022, Smithfield is offering to extend their contracts once they've converted their gestational stalls into group houses, which are generally considered more humane.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The move is significant because 40 percent of Smithfield sows are raised on farms owned by independent farmers. The company has contracts with 2,100 farms across 12 states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smithfield, best known for its ham products, says it has already moved 54 percent of pregnant sows on its company-owned farms in the U.S. out of the the narrow stalls, known as gestation crates, and into group housing, per a \u003ca href=\"http://investors.smithfieldfoods.com/releasedetail.cfm?releaseid=295899\">commitment\u003c/a> it made in 2007 to phase out the crates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hog industry's standard practice for years has been to confine pregnant sows in the 2-foot-wide steel crates for the length of their four-month pregnancies. The idea behind the crates is to keep the sows from squashing their babies, fighting and stealing each others' food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But animal welfare groups have long called the crates cruel and unnecessary, and pressured big producers like Smithfield to end the practice. Advocates argue that the crates restrict the animals' movement too much — the sows can't turn around at all — and are simply devices to pack as many animals into a house as possible. (Smithfield alone used 15.8 million hogs in 2012.) Group houses, by contrast, are bigger, and allow pregnant sows to come and go from their stalls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smithfield's announcement comes as 60 of the world's largest food retailers – from \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2012/02/14/146863301/mcdonalds-teams-up-with-humane-society-to-phase-out-pig-crates\">McDonald's\u003c/a> to Safeway, Costco and Oscar Mayer – have said they won't tolerate gestation crates in their supply chains anymore, either.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"http://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2014/01/07/600779/10063123/en/Smithfield-Foods-Recommends-Its-Contract-Growers-Convert-to-Group-Housing-for-Pregnant-Sows.html\">press release\u003c/a>, Smithfield said that the change it is requesting is not required, but contract extensions \"will be less likely\" for farmers who keep gestation crates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We recognize that these projects require a significant investment on the part of our growers,\" C. Larry Pope, president and chief executive officer of Smithfield Foods, said in a statement. \"But a well-planned renovation to a group housing system will help maintain the farms' value for years to come, while at the same time supporting our companywide commitment to animal care.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Humane Society of the U.S. says that Smithfield's announcement spells the eventual end of the gestation crate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Smithfield's announcement means certain death for the gestation crate in pork production,\" \u003ca href=\"http://www.humanesociety.org/about/leadership/subject_experts/matthew-prescott.html\">Matthew Prescott\u003c/a>, food policy director for HSUS, tells The Salt. \"For the millions of pigs currently locked inside these cruel boxes, that demise will be most welcomed.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The world's largest hog and pork buyer wants its contract farmers to move pregnant sows out of constrictive crates and into group houses, generally considered more humane, by 2022. The move is significant because independent farmers supply about 40 percent of the company's sows.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1389148323,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":15,"wordCount":522},"headData":{"title":"Smithfield Prods Its Pork Suppliers To Dump Pig Crates | KQED","description":"The world's largest hog and pork buyer wants its contract farmers to move pregnant sows out of constrictive crates and into group houses, generally considered more humane, by 2022. The move is significant because independent farmers supply about 40 percent of the company's sows.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"76184 http://blogs.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=76184","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2014/01/07/smithfield-prods-its-pork-suppliers-to-dump-pig-crates/","disqusTitle":"Smithfield Prods Its Pork Suppliers To Dump Pig Crates","nprByline":"Eliza Barclay","nprStoryId":"260439063","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=260439063&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/01/07/260439063/smithfield-prods-its-pork-suppliers-to-dump-pig-crates?ft=3&f=260439063","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Tue, 07 Jan 2014 16:55:00 -0500","nprStoryDate":"Tue, 07 Jan 2014 11:57:00 -0500","nprLastModifiedDate":"Tue, 07 Jan 2014 16:55:57 -0500","path":"/bayareabites/76184/smithfield-prods-its-pork-suppliers-to-dump-pig-crates","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_76187\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 624px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/01/pig-crate.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/01/pig-crate.jpg\" alt=\"Breeding sows in crates at a subsidiary of Smithfield Foods in 2010. The photo was shot by the Humane Society as part of an undercover investigation. Photo: Humane Society/Associated Press\" width=\"624\" height=\"351\" class=\"size-full wp-image-76187\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Breeding sows in crates at a subsidiary of Smithfield Foods in 2010. The photo was shot by the Humane Society as part of an undercover investigation. Photo: Humane Society/Associated Press\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Post by Eliza Barclay, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/01/07/260439063/smithfield-prods-its-pork-suppliers-to-dump-pig-crates\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (1/7/14)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smithfield, the world's largest hog and pork buyer, announced Tuesday that it's asking the independent farmers with whom it has contracts to get rid of stalls for pregnant sows to improve the animals' living conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To nudge these farmers to make the changes to their facilities by 2022, Smithfield is offering to extend their contracts once they've converted their gestational stalls into group houses, which are generally considered more humane.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The move is significant because 40 percent of Smithfield sows are raised on farms owned by independent farmers. The company has contracts with 2,100 farms across 12 states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smithfield, best known for its ham products, says it has already moved 54 percent of pregnant sows on its company-owned farms in the U.S. out of the the narrow stalls, known as gestation crates, and into group housing, per a \u003ca href=\"http://investors.smithfieldfoods.com/releasedetail.cfm?releaseid=295899\">commitment\u003c/a> it made in 2007 to phase out the crates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hog industry's standard practice for years has been to confine pregnant sows in the 2-foot-wide steel crates for the length of their four-month pregnancies. The idea behind the crates is to keep the sows from squashing their babies, fighting and stealing each others' food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But animal welfare groups have long called the crates cruel and unnecessary, and pressured big producers like Smithfield to end the practice. Advocates argue that the crates restrict the animals' movement too much — the sows can't turn around at all — and are simply devices to pack as many animals into a house as possible. (Smithfield alone used 15.8 million hogs in 2012.) Group houses, by contrast, are bigger, and allow pregnant sows to come and go from their stalls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smithfield's announcement comes as 60 of the world's largest food retailers – from \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2012/02/14/146863301/mcdonalds-teams-up-with-humane-society-to-phase-out-pig-crates\">McDonald's\u003c/a> to Safeway, Costco and Oscar Mayer – have said they won't tolerate gestation crates in their supply chains anymore, either.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"http://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2014/01/07/600779/10063123/en/Smithfield-Foods-Recommends-Its-Contract-Growers-Convert-to-Group-Housing-for-Pregnant-Sows.html\">press release\u003c/a>, Smithfield said that the change it is requesting is not required, but contract extensions \"will be less likely\" for farmers who keep gestation crates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We recognize that these projects require a significant investment on the part of our growers,\" C. Larry Pope, president and chief executive officer of Smithfield Foods, said in a statement. \"But a well-planned renovation to a group housing system will help maintain the farms' value for years to come, while at the same time supporting our companywide commitment to animal care.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Humane Society of the U.S. says that Smithfield's announcement spells the eventual end of the gestation crate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Smithfield's announcement means certain death for the gestation crate in pork production,\" \u003ca href=\"http://www.humanesociety.org/about/leadership/subject_experts/matthew-prescott.html\">Matthew Prescott\u003c/a>, food policy director for HSUS, tells The Salt. \"For the millions of pigs currently locked inside these cruel boxes, that demise will be most welcomed.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/76184/smithfield-prods-its-pork-suppliers-to-dump-pig-crates","authors":["byline_bayareabites_76184"],"categories":["bayareabites_1874","bayareabites_1245","bayareabites_10916","bayareabites_2035"],"tags":["bayareabites_11539","bayareabites_12603","bayareabites_99","bayareabites_12887","bayareabites_12886","bayareabites_11393","bayareabites_616","bayareabites_11977","bayareabites_10921"],"featImg":"bayareabites_76187","label":"bayareabites"},"bayareabites_73433":{"type":"posts","id":"bayareabites_73433","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"bayareabites","id":"73433","score":null,"sort":[1383706741000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"why-are-pig-farmers-still-using-growth-promoting-drugs","title":"Why Are Pig Farmers Still Using Growth-Promoting Drugs?","publishDate":1383706741,"format":"aside","headTitle":"Bay Area Bites | KQED Food","labelTerm":{"site":"bayareabites"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_73477\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 624px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/11/pigs-caged.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/11/pigs-caged.jpg\" alt=\"In recent years, pork producers have found ways to keep the animals healthy through improved hygiene. Photo: M. Spencer Green/AP\" width=\"624\" height=\"416\" class=\"size-full wp-image-73477\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In recent years, pork producers have found ways to keep the animals healthy through improved hygiene. Photo: M. Spencer Green/AP\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story\u003c/strong> on \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/11/04/241603861/why-are-pig-farmers-still-using-growth-promoting-drugs\">All Things Considered\u003c/a> [audio:http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2013/11/20131104_atc_09.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1053&ft=3&f=241603861|titles=Why Are Pig Farmers Still Using Growth-Promoting Drugs? ]\u003cbr>\nPost by \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/143160021/daniel-charles\">Dan Charles\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/11/04/241603861/why-are-pig-farmers-still-using-growth-promoting-drugs\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (11/4/13)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's one of the most controversial practices in agriculture: feeding small amounts of antibiotics to animals in order to make them grow faster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what if the drugs don't even work very well?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's some good evidence that they don't, at least in pigs. They used to deliver a boost in growth, but that effect has disappeared in recent years or declined greatly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reason for this is interesting and even paradoxical.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers think the antibiotics used to work by suppressing low-grade infections. In recent years, however, pork producers found other ways to accomplish the same thing through improved hygiene. This has occurred even while swine operations grow. As a result, the drugs have become largely superfluous — yet many farmers still use them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To understand how this happened, you have to step back in time, says \u003ca href=\"http://www.vet.k-state.edu/depts/dmp/personnel/faculty/dritz.htm\">Steve Dritz\u003c/a>, a specialist in swine nutrition at Kansas State University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sixty years ago, when antibiotics were new, \"people started treating animals, and feeding [the antibiotics], and \u003ca href=\"http://ps.fass.org/content/84/4/634.long\">finding\u003c/a> that they had increased growth rates and feed efficiencies,\" he says. Nursery-age pigs, for instance, grew 12 to 15 percent faster with antibiotics. The animals also needed less feed to reach full weight. Other studies showed similar results in chickens and cattle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the 1980s, a new set of studies found similar effects. So the growth-promoting effects of antibiotics became standard practice among meat producers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fast forward to the 1990s. Dritz was starting his career as a scientist at Kansas State University, and pork production was changing dramatically. \"We instituted this thing called multisite production,\" says Dritz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Previously, pigs were born and raised in one barn or in several barns close together. This meant infections could easily pass from one generation to the next, the way that kids share germs between their friends on the playground and their parents at home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the new system, when piglets are weaned, they move to a whole different place. That new site is carefully scrubbed and free of disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.foodnutritionscience.com/articles/pork-producer/\">Craig Rowles\u003c/a>, who runs a large swine operation in Carroll, Iowa, shows me one such room. There's not a piglet in sight. \"This room just got completely washed and disinfected, and now it's going to sit here and dry for a while,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A whole group of pigs will come in here together, and later they will move out together to yet another site. \"That group of pigs will stay together until they go to market,\" Rowles says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_73483\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 290px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/11/antibioticspigs3.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/11/antibioticspigs3-290x163.jpg\" alt=\"Craig Rowles raises pigs near Carroll, Iowa. The piglets will enter and leave this room as a group. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\" width=\"290\" height=\"163\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-73483\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Craig Rowles raises pigs near Carroll, Iowa. The piglets will enter and leave this room as a group. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The groups are kept strictly separated from each other. If workers move between the groups, they first have to change their boots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When farmers adopted multisite production, it cut down on disease — and pigs actually grew faster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So Dritz wondered whether improved hygiene was delivering exactly the same growth-promoting effect that farmers used to get through antibiotics. If so, did they still need to use the drugs?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dritz carried out some \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12051512\">studies\u003c/a> on pigs in these multisite systems, comparing animals that received antibiotics with others that didn't. \"Lo and behold, in these studies, there wasn't nearly the magnitude of the growth response,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the \"finishing\" stage, the effect of antibiotics disappeared. Younger pigs grew a bit faster with antibiotics, but the effect was smaller than had been observed earlier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dritz started telling pork producers that most uses of antibiotics for growth promotion or feed efficiency really did not make sense anymore. Many farmers took his advice. But he was surprised and a little discouraged to see how many did not. They weren't convinced by the evidence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's very hard to change people's perceptions,\" he says. Even among \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=240278912&live=1\">veterinarians\u003c/a>, his professional colleagues, there was reluctance to change. Many continue to recommend using the drugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dritz thinks that this is partly rooted in psychology and the professional culture of veterinary practice. Veterinarians \"are action-oriented people, most of them. They want to \u003cem>do\u003c/em> something. Not doing something just doesn't seem right, as a professional, you know?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once upon a time, this would have been left for farmers and their vets to hash out, but the use of antibiotics on the farm now is the focus of intense controversy. Critics of the meat industry say using these drugs to promote growth \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2013/07/11/are-antibiotics-on-the-farm-risky-business/\">is irresponsible\u003c/a> because it increases the chances that bacteria will develop resistance to antibiotics, and some of these bacteria can infect humans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Food and Drug Administration now \u003ca href=\"http://www.fda.gov/downloads/animalveterinary/guidancecomplianceenforcement/guidanceforindustry/ucm216936.pdf\">says\u003c/a> that medically important antibiotics should not be used for this purpose. It is trying to persuade drug companies to stop selling drugs for growth promotion. Within a few years, such uses of antibiotics may no longer be legal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among farmers, there's some grumbling about this. But at least for pork producers, dropping the drugs may actually save money. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003cem>Copyright 2013 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"There's a curious twist in the contentious debate over feeding antibiotics to animals in order to make them grow faster. Evidence suggests using antibiotics for growth promotion, at least among pigs, doesn't even make economic sense. But some pork producers don't believe it.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1383706756,"stats":{"hasAudio":true,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":28,"wordCount":908},"headData":{"title":"Why Are Pig Farmers Still Using Growth-Promoting Drugs? | KQED","description":"There's a curious twist in the contentious debate over feeding antibiotics to animals in order to make them grow faster. Evidence suggests using antibiotics for growth promotion, at least among pigs, doesn't even make economic sense. But some pork producers don't believe it.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"73433 http://blogs.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=73433","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2013/11/05/why-are-pig-farmers-still-using-growth-promoting-drugs/","disqusTitle":"Why Are Pig Farmers Still Using Growth-Promoting Drugs?","nprByline":"Dan Charles","nprStoryId":"241603861","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=241603861&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/11/04/241603861/why-are-pig-farmers-still-using-growth-promoting-drugs?ft=3&f=241603861","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Mon, 04 Nov 2013 19:42:00 -0500","nprStoryDate":"Mon, 04 Nov 2013 15:00:00 -0500","nprLastModifiedDate":"Mon, 04 Nov 2013 19:42:36 -0500","nprAudio":"http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2013/11/20131104_atc_09.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1053&ft=3&f=241603861","nprAudioM3u":"http://api.npr.org/m3u/1243056276-bbdf3c.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1053&ft=3&f=241603861","path":"/bayareabites/73433/why-are-pig-farmers-still-using-growth-promoting-drugs","audioUrl":"http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2013/11/20131104_atc_09.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1053&ft=3&f=241603861","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_73477\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 624px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/11/pigs-caged.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/11/pigs-caged.jpg\" alt=\"In recent years, pork producers have found ways to keep the animals healthy through improved hygiene. Photo: M. Spencer Green/AP\" width=\"624\" height=\"416\" class=\"size-full wp-image-73477\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In recent years, pork producers have found ways to keep the animals healthy through improved hygiene. Photo: M. Spencer Green/AP\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story\u003c/strong> on \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/11/04/241603861/why-are-pig-farmers-still-using-growth-promoting-drugs\">All Things Considered\u003c/a> \u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"audio","attributes":{"named":{"label":":http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2013/11/20131104_atc_09.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1053&ft=3&f=241603861|titles=Why Are Pig Farmers Still Using Growth-Promoting Drugs?"},"numeric":[":http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2013/11/20131104_atc_09.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1053&ft=3&f=241603861|titles=Why","Are","Pig","Farmers","Still","Using","Growth-Promoting","Drugs?"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cbr>\nPost by \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/143160021/daniel-charles\">Dan Charles\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/11/04/241603861/why-are-pig-farmers-still-using-growth-promoting-drugs\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (11/4/13)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's one of the most controversial practices in agriculture: feeding small amounts of antibiotics to animals in order to make them grow faster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what if the drugs don't even work very well?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's some good evidence that they don't, at least in pigs. They used to deliver a boost in growth, but that effect has disappeared in recent years or declined greatly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reason for this is interesting and even paradoxical.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers think the antibiotics used to work by suppressing low-grade infections. In recent years, however, pork producers found other ways to accomplish the same thing through improved hygiene. This has occurred even while swine operations grow. As a result, the drugs have become largely superfluous — yet many farmers still use them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To understand how this happened, you have to step back in time, says \u003ca href=\"http://www.vet.k-state.edu/depts/dmp/personnel/faculty/dritz.htm\">Steve Dritz\u003c/a>, a specialist in swine nutrition at Kansas State University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sixty years ago, when antibiotics were new, \"people started treating animals, and feeding [the antibiotics], and \u003ca href=\"http://ps.fass.org/content/84/4/634.long\">finding\u003c/a> that they had increased growth rates and feed efficiencies,\" he says. Nursery-age pigs, for instance, grew 12 to 15 percent faster with antibiotics. The animals also needed less feed to reach full weight. Other studies showed similar results in chickens and cattle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the 1980s, a new set of studies found similar effects. So the growth-promoting effects of antibiotics became standard practice among meat producers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fast forward to the 1990s. Dritz was starting his career as a scientist at Kansas State University, and pork production was changing dramatically. \"We instituted this thing called multisite production,\" says Dritz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Previously, pigs were born and raised in one barn or in several barns close together. This meant infections could easily pass from one generation to the next, the way that kids share germs between their friends on the playground and their parents at home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the new system, when piglets are weaned, they move to a whole different place. That new site is carefully scrubbed and free of disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.foodnutritionscience.com/articles/pork-producer/\">Craig Rowles\u003c/a>, who runs a large swine operation in Carroll, Iowa, shows me one such room. There's not a piglet in sight. \"This room just got completely washed and disinfected, and now it's going to sit here and dry for a while,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A whole group of pigs will come in here together, and later they will move out together to yet another site. \"That group of pigs will stay together until they go to market,\" Rowles says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_73483\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 290px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/11/antibioticspigs3.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/11/antibioticspigs3-290x163.jpg\" alt=\"Craig Rowles raises pigs near Carroll, Iowa. The piglets will enter and leave this room as a group. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\" width=\"290\" height=\"163\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-73483\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Craig Rowles raises pigs near Carroll, Iowa. The piglets will enter and leave this room as a group. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The groups are kept strictly separated from each other. If workers move between the groups, they first have to change their boots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When farmers adopted multisite production, it cut down on disease — and pigs actually grew faster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So Dritz wondered whether improved hygiene was delivering exactly the same growth-promoting effect that farmers used to get through antibiotics. If so, did they still need to use the drugs?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dritz carried out some \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12051512\">studies\u003c/a> on pigs in these multisite systems, comparing animals that received antibiotics with others that didn't. \"Lo and behold, in these studies, there wasn't nearly the magnitude of the growth response,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the \"finishing\" stage, the effect of antibiotics disappeared. Younger pigs grew a bit faster with antibiotics, but the effect was smaller than had been observed earlier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dritz started telling pork producers that most uses of antibiotics for growth promotion or feed efficiency really did not make sense anymore. Many farmers took his advice. But he was surprised and a little discouraged to see how many did not. They weren't convinced by the evidence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's very hard to change people's perceptions,\" he says. Even among \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=240278912&live=1\">veterinarians\u003c/a>, his professional colleagues, there was reluctance to change. Many continue to recommend using the drugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dritz thinks that this is partly rooted in psychology and the professional culture of veterinary practice. Veterinarians \"are action-oriented people, most of them. They want to \u003cem>do\u003c/em> something. Not doing something just doesn't seem right, as a professional, you know?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once upon a time, this would have been left for farmers and their vets to hash out, but the use of antibiotics on the farm now is the focus of intense controversy. Critics of the meat industry say using these drugs to promote growth \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2013/07/11/are-antibiotics-on-the-farm-risky-business/\">is irresponsible\u003c/a> because it increases the chances that bacteria will develop resistance to antibiotics, and some of these bacteria can infect humans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Food and Drug Administration now \u003ca href=\"http://www.fda.gov/downloads/animalveterinary/guidancecomplianceenforcement/guidanceforindustry/ucm216936.pdf\">says\u003c/a> that medically important antibiotics should not be used for this purpose. It is trying to persuade drug companies to stop selling drugs for growth promotion. Within a few years, such uses of antibiotics may no longer be legal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among farmers, there's some grumbling about this. But at least for pork producers, dropping the drugs may actually save money. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003cem>Copyright 2013 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/73433/why-are-pig-farmers-still-using-growth-promoting-drugs","authors":["byline_bayareabites_73433"],"categories":["bayareabites_4084","bayareabites_1245","bayareabites_10916","bayareabites_2035"],"tags":["bayareabites_11521","bayareabites_11270","bayareabites_12605","bayareabites_12656","bayareabites_11393","bayareabites_10921"],"featImg":"bayareabites_73477","label":"bayareabites"},"bayareabites_58456":{"type":"posts","id":"bayareabites_58456","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"bayareabites","id":"58456","score":null,"sort":[1363304782000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"shanghais-dead-pigs-search-for-answers-turns-up-denials","title":"Shanghai's Dead Pigs: Search For Answers Turns Up Denials","publishDate":1363304782,"format":"aside","headTitle":"Bay Area Bites | KQED Food","labelTerm":{"site":"bayareabites"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_58459\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1120px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/03/pigs.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/03/pigs.jpg\" alt=\"Villagers gather dead pigs in Jiaxing, in eastern China's Zhejiang province, on Wednesday. The number of dead pigs found in Shanghai's main river had doubled in two days to nearly 6,000, the government said. Photo: AFP/AFP/Getty Images\" width=\"1120\" height=\"838\" class=\"size-full wp-image-58459\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Villagers gather dead pigs in Jiaxing, in eastern China's Zhejiang province, on Wednesday. The number of dead pigs found in Shanghai's main river had doubled in two days to nearly 6,000, the government said. Photo: AFP/AFP/Getty Images\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story\u003c/strong> on \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/03/14/174302750/shanghais-dead-pigs-search-for-answers-turns-up-denials\">All Things Considered\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n [audio src=\"http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2013/03/20130314_atc_14.mp3\"] \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Post by \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/4569077/frank-langfitt\">Frank Langfitt\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/03/14/174302750/shanghais-dead-pigs-search-for-answers-turns-up-denials\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (3/14/13)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than a week has passed since thousands of dead pigs were first discovered floating in a river in Shanghai, but authorities have yet to explain fully where the pigs came from or why they died.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fourteen of the pigs had tags in their ears identifying them as coming from Jiaxing city, in neighboring Zhejiang province. Getting to the bottom of the pig story, though, is tough. A visit to Zhulin village, where most everyone raises pigs, was greeted by serial denials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They say there are more pigs than humans in our village,\" said a man named Ye, whose family raises pigs in a concrete building next to their house. \"Some families have more than 1,000 pigs. But not many pigs died recently, no, really not.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ye's father chimed in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Here people would be fined if they threw pigs into rivers,\" he said, as a light rain fell over the lush, green barley fields that surround the village of mostly ochre-colored, two-story homes. \"There are government people collecting dead pigs.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But earlier this week, a Zhulin village official, Wang Xianjun, told a local newspaper that 18,000 pigs had died here in January and February. A Zhejiang official attributed a spate of pig deaths in the province to cold weather. Also this week, the Shanghai municipal government said \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/13/world/asia/china-dead-pigs-in-river-near-6000.html?_r=0\">nearly 6,000\u003c/a> dead pigs had been pulled from the Huangpu River.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When NPR called a village office asking for Wang — the Zhulin official – workers there said he didn't exist. When I traveled two hours from Shanghai to Zhulin and actually went to the local government office, workers there said Wang was away at a meeting and they declined to supply his cellphone number.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hong Kong's \u003cem>South China Morning Pos\u003c/em>t \u003ca href=\"http://www.scmp.com/news/china/article/1190127/pig-carcasses-river-result-weather-and-illnesses-not-epidemic-officials\">quoted Zhejiang villagers\u003c/a> saying farmers dumped pigs in the river because there were too many for government disposal areas. In addition, villagers said some farmers may have dumped pigs because of a crackdown on selling diseased pigs for human consumption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pork is the \u003ca href=\"http://www.earth-policy.org/plan_b_updates/2012/update102\">most popular\u003c/a> meat in China. Half the world's pigs live there, as The Salt has previously \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/02/11/171690001/pig-manure-reveals-more-reason-to-worry-about-antibiotics\">reported\u003c/a>. China's state media \u003ca href=\"http://usa.chinadaily.com.cn/epaper/2013-03/14/content_16308582.htm\">reported\u003c/a> this week that 46 people have been jailed in Zhejiang for selling diseased pigs. Last year, police in the province confiscated about 11 tons of meat from sick pigs, according to the state-run \u003cem>China Daily\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back downstream in Shanghai, a hyper-modern metropolis of 23 million, some people are confused and incredulous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We really hope an inspection body or government can come out to tell us how exactly these pigs died,\" said a woman named Wang, 27, who works in the media business here. \"You can't just say the pigs died of cold weather. That's a pretty laughable statement.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shanghai officials say one water sample from the river contained porcine circovirus, which cannot be passed on to humans. Government officials also insist the drinking water supply, which draws in part from the river, remains safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wang is dubious.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People in Shanghai think it's better not to eat pork, because they worry diseased pigs would end up on their dinner tables,\" says Wang. \"People say the water we use to brush our teeth is pork broth.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Frank Langfitt is NPR's Shanghai correspondent.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2013 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The discovery of thousands of dead pigs floating in the waters around Shanghai has turned up disturbing reports: of pig dumping and the sale of meat from diseased animals among pig farmers. In the village where some of the pigs came from, we found serial denials.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1363304782,"stats":{"hasAudio":true,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":20,"wordCount":630},"headData":{"title":"Shanghai's Dead Pigs: Search For Answers Turns Up Denials | KQED","description":"The discovery of thousands of dead pigs floating in the waters around Shanghai has turned up disturbing reports: of pig dumping and the sale of meat from diseased animals among pig farmers. In the village where some of the pigs came from, we found serial denials.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"58456 http://blogs.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=58456","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2013/03/14/shanghais-dead-pigs-search-for-answers-turns-up-denials/","disqusTitle":"Shanghai's Dead Pigs: Search For Answers Turns Up Denials","nprByline":"Frank Langfitt","nprStoryId":"174302750","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=174302750&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/03/14/174302750/shanghais-dead-pigs-search-for-answers-turns-up-denials?ft=3&f=174302750","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Thu, 14 Mar 2013 18:49:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Thu, 14 Mar 2013 15:00:00 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Thu, 14 Mar 2013 18:49:39 -0400","nprAudio":"http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2013/03/20130314_atc_14.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1053&ft=3&f=174302750","nprAudioM3u":"http://api.npr.org/m3u/1174345583-448bdd.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1053&ft=3&f=174302750","path":"/bayareabites/58456/shanghais-dead-pigs-search-for-answers-turns-up-denials","audioUrl":"http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2013/03/20130314_atc_14.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1053&ft=3&f=174302750","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_58459\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1120px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/03/pigs.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/03/pigs.jpg\" alt=\"Villagers gather dead pigs in Jiaxing, in eastern China's Zhejiang province, on Wednesday. The number of dead pigs found in Shanghai's main river had doubled in two days to nearly 6,000, the government said. Photo: AFP/AFP/Getty Images\" width=\"1120\" height=\"838\" class=\"size-full wp-image-58459\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Villagers gather dead pigs in Jiaxing, in eastern China's Zhejiang province, on Wednesday. The number of dead pigs found in Shanghai's main river had doubled in two days to nearly 6,000, the government said. Photo: AFP/AFP/Getty Images\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story\u003c/strong> on \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/03/14/174302750/shanghais-dead-pigs-search-for-answers-turns-up-denials\">All Things Considered\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n \u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"audio","attributes":{"named":{"src":"http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2013/03/20130314_atc_14.mp3","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Post by \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/4569077/frank-langfitt\">Frank Langfitt\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/03/14/174302750/shanghais-dead-pigs-search-for-answers-turns-up-denials\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (3/14/13)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than a week has passed since thousands of dead pigs were first discovered floating in a river in Shanghai, but authorities have yet to explain fully where the pigs came from or why they died.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fourteen of the pigs had tags in their ears identifying them as coming from Jiaxing city, in neighboring Zhejiang province. Getting to the bottom of the pig story, though, is tough. A visit to Zhulin village, where most everyone raises pigs, was greeted by serial denials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They say there are more pigs than humans in our village,\" said a man named Ye, whose family raises pigs in a concrete building next to their house. \"Some families have more than 1,000 pigs. But not many pigs died recently, no, really not.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ye's father chimed in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Here people would be fined if they threw pigs into rivers,\" he said, as a light rain fell over the lush, green barley fields that surround the village of mostly ochre-colored, two-story homes. \"There are government people collecting dead pigs.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But earlier this week, a Zhulin village official, Wang Xianjun, told a local newspaper that 18,000 pigs had died here in January and February. A Zhejiang official attributed a spate of pig deaths in the province to cold weather. Also this week, the Shanghai municipal government said \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/13/world/asia/china-dead-pigs-in-river-near-6000.html?_r=0\">nearly 6,000\u003c/a> dead pigs had been pulled from the Huangpu River.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When NPR called a village office asking for Wang — the Zhulin official – workers there said he didn't exist. When I traveled two hours from Shanghai to Zhulin and actually went to the local government office, workers there said Wang was away at a meeting and they declined to supply his cellphone number.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hong Kong's \u003cem>South China Morning Pos\u003c/em>t \u003ca href=\"http://www.scmp.com/news/china/article/1190127/pig-carcasses-river-result-weather-and-illnesses-not-epidemic-officials\">quoted Zhejiang villagers\u003c/a> saying farmers dumped pigs in the river because there were too many for government disposal areas. In addition, villagers said some farmers may have dumped pigs because of a crackdown on selling diseased pigs for human consumption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pork is the \u003ca href=\"http://www.earth-policy.org/plan_b_updates/2012/update102\">most popular\u003c/a> meat in China. Half the world's pigs live there, as The Salt has previously \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/02/11/171690001/pig-manure-reveals-more-reason-to-worry-about-antibiotics\">reported\u003c/a>. China's state media \u003ca href=\"http://usa.chinadaily.com.cn/epaper/2013-03/14/content_16308582.htm\">reported\u003c/a> this week that 46 people have been jailed in Zhejiang for selling diseased pigs. Last year, police in the province confiscated about 11 tons of meat from sick pigs, according to the state-run \u003cem>China Daily\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back downstream in Shanghai, a hyper-modern metropolis of 23 million, some people are confused and incredulous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We really hope an inspection body or government can come out to tell us how exactly these pigs died,\" said a woman named Wang, 27, who works in the media business here. \"You can't just say the pigs died of cold weather. That's a pretty laughable statement.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shanghai officials say one water sample from the river contained porcine circovirus, which cannot be passed on to humans. Government officials also insist the drinking water supply, which draws in part from the river, remains safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wang is dubious.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People in Shanghai think it's better not to eat pork, because they worry diseased pigs would end up on their dinner tables,\" says Wang. \"People say the water we use to brush our teeth is pork broth.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Frank Langfitt is NPR's Shanghai correspondent.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2013 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/58456/shanghais-dead-pigs-search-for-answers-turns-up-denials","authors":["byline_bayareabites_58456"],"categories":["bayareabites_1874","bayareabites_1245","bayareabites_10916","bayareabites_2035","bayareabites_34"],"tags":["bayareabites_272","bayareabites_11394","bayareabites_11393","bayareabites_4206","bayareabites_10921"],"featImg":"bayareabites_58457","label":"bayareabites"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. 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You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn","officialWebsiteLink":"/mindshift/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"2"},"link":"/podcasts/mindshift","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"}},"morning-edition":{"id":"morning-edition","title":"Morning Edition","info":"\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. 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On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. 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