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SNAP Cuts May Make Both Worse.","publishDate":1576520720,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Bay Area Bites | KQED Food","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cem>This op-ed originally appeared on \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2019/12/16/787793287/opinion-obesity-is-linked-to-food-insecurity-cutting-snap-benefits-may-worsen-bo\">NPR Food\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Elsa Pearson, MPH, is a senior policy analyst at Boston University School of Public Health. She's on Twitter \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/epearsonbusph?lang=en\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">@epearsonbusph\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The closest grocery store is a few miles away and your paycheck doesn't clear until Friday. You even skipped lunch. With no car, only a few dollars and kids at home, you decide dinner will have to, yet again, be the local fast food restaurant within walking distance. It's cost effective, but you're already bracing for the \"healthy weight\" conversation at the pediatrician's next month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over \u003ca href=\"https://www.ers.usda.gov/topics/food-nutrition-assistance/food-security-in-the-us/key-statistics-graphics.aspx#foodsecure\">11\u003c/a>% of all households in the United States are food insecure. They worry about running out of food and rationing what they do have. It is clear food insecurity leads to \u003ca href=\"https://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/full/10.1377/hlthaff.2015.0645\">poorer health\u003c/a>. Regardless of age, food insecure individuals are more likely to struggle with anxiety and depression. Children are at higher risk for asthma, malnutrition and cognitive problems. Non-elderly adults are more likely to have hypertension and diabetes, and seniors see limitations in their daily activities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The connection between food insecurity and obesity may seem less obvious. New data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention show almost \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hus/hus18.pdf?utm_source=newsletter&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=newsletter_axiosvitals&stream=top\">one in five kids\u003c/a> in America is obese, with rates rising in adults to two in five, and recent research suggests the link between the two may be stronger than we think.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID='news_11789923']For example, in a small study of \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26377352\">2-to-8 year-old Hispanic children\u003c/a> and their mothers, being food insecure increased the chances the children would also be obese. A much bigger study including almost 10,000 \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25737437\">6-to-11 year-old children\u003c/a> found a similar connection. In adults, food insecurity has been found to be associated with a higher risk of obesity in \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0195666316310236?via%3Dihub\">white and Hispanic women\u003c/a>. (Interestingly, the researchers didn't find any link in men or black women.) Plus, after studying \u003ca href=\"https://www.huffingtonpost.ca/entry/first-nations-food-insecurity_ca_5dc32058e4b005513881f6ab\">Canada's First Nations population\u003c/a> for a decade, researchers linked higher rates of food insecurity to higher rates of obesity and diabetes when compared with the country's general population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The connection now seems clear, but how does less food lead to more weight for some people?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One researcher suggests it's due to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27126969\">scarcity hypothesis\u003c/a> — when food is hard to find, the body prepares by seeking calorie-dense food and storing up energy in fat tissue. Dr. Emily Dhurandhar from Texas Tech University argues that the overabundance of high-calorie food in a neighborhood isn't enough to magically cause obesity; there must also be a physiological signal to save energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Dhurandhar's theory may be hard to quantify or address through policy. However, certain neighborhood factors do increase an individual's likelihood of being food insecure and, it turns out, are also associated with a higher risk of obesity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, living in a food desert can negatively impact your health, putting you at higher risk of becoming overweight or obese. \u003ca href=\"https://www.ers.usda.gov/amber-waves/2011/december/data-feature-mapping-food-deserts-in-the-us/\">Food deserts\u003c/a> are low-income communities where stores to buy fruits, vegetables and other whole foods are either too far away or don't exist at all. Even when controlling for individual and household factors, such as diet and exercise or household education level, living in a food desert is linked to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26985622\">higher risk of obesity\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Research has shown that not only does distance to the grocery store matter, but so do the store's prices. Lower prices have been associated with \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22698052/\">higher rates of obesity\u003c/a>. That's because stores with higher prices place more emphasis on displaying and marketing healthy food, but their healthy food is then often unaffordable. Lower prices mean more affordable food — but also often lower quality and nutritional value.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lastly, living in a food swamp can also increase your risk of obesity. What food deserts lack in healthy options, \u003ca href=\"https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2017/12/food-swamps/549275/\">food swamps\u003c/a> make up for in fast food and junk food; what's available is high in calories, sodium and sugar. Research suggests food swamps may actually \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29135909\">be better\u003c/a> at predicting local obesity patterns than food deserts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the link between food insecurity and obesity is as significant as it seems, what can we do to fix it?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, we can improve the options available in food insecure neighborhoods, with an emphasis on fresh produce and whole foods. At the same time, we should work to lower the cost of healthy food and improve stores' marketing strategies. In fact, lowering prices may offer \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25217097\">more relief\u003c/a> than simply adding more grocery stores.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a broader level, federal policies can also alleviate individual barriers to good food. Food assistance programs, such as the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (\u003ca href=\"https://theincidentaleconomist.com/wordpress/proposed-eligibility-changes-to-snap-may-be-harmful-to-your-health/\">SNAP\u003c/a>) and WIC (a similar assistance program for mothers and children), and even Medicaid all help. The relationship between SNAP benefits and food insecurity is \u003ca href=\"https://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/pdf/10.1377/hlthaff.2018.05265\">clear\u003c/a> — those who lose their benefits become more food insecure. Research suggests that gaining \u003ca href=\"https://ajph.aphapublications.org/doi/10.2105/AJPH.2019.305168\">Medicaid coverage\u003c/a> through the Affordable Care Act also improves food security by alleviating health care expenses that previously diverted family resources away from food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past year, the Trump administration has \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/04/us/politics/trump-food-stamp-cuts.html\">proposed\u003c/a> cutting back food stamp eligibility three separate times to save money. One of those rule changes, scheduled to take effect next April, may \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/12/04/784732180/nearly-700-000-snap-recipients-could-lose-benefits-under-new-trump-rule\">kick nearly 700,000 people off SNAP\u003c/a>. Doing so may help the federal budget, but it may also increase rates of food insecurity and \u003ca href=\"https://www.marketwatch.com/story/how-the-trump-administrations-proposed-food-stamp-cutbacks-could-worsen-the-obesity-crisis-2019-10-14\">fuel\u003c/a> the current obesity epidemic. As these two issues threaten the health of our communities, federal policies and community-based interventions are significant players in our fight to reduce the rates of both.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">www.npr.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Over 11 % of U.S. households worry about running out of food and rationing what they have. Meanwhile, 2 in 5 adults is obese. Research suggests the links between the two are stronger than we think.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1576532463,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":19,"wordCount":940},"headData":{"title":"Obesity is Linked to Food Insecurity. SNAP Cuts May Make Both Worse. | KQED","description":"Over 11 % of U.S. households worry about running out of food and rationing what they have. Meanwhile, 2 in 5 adults is obese. Research suggests the links between the two are stronger than we think.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"135943 https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=135943","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2019/12/16/obesity-is-linked-to-food-insecurity-snap-cuts-may-make-both-worse/","disqusTitle":"Obesity is Linked to Food Insecurity. SNAP Cuts May Make Both Worse.","source":"Commentary","nprImageCredit":"Danny Moloshok/Los Angeles County Department of Public Health","nprByline":"Elsa Pearson","nprImageAgency":"AP","nprStoryId":"787793287","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=787793287&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2019/12/16/787793287/opinion-obesity-is-linked-to-food-insecurity-cutting-snap-benefits-may-worsen-bo?ft=nprml&f=787793287","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Mon, 16 Dec 2019 11:20:00 -0500","nprStoryDate":"Mon, 16 Dec 2019 08:15:48 -0500","nprLastModifiedDate":"Mon, 16 Dec 2019 11:20:38 -0500","templateType":"standard","featuredImageType":"standard","path":"/bayareabites/135943/obesity-is-linked-to-food-insecurity-snap-cuts-may-make-both-worse","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>This op-ed originally appeared on \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2019/12/16/787793287/opinion-obesity-is-linked-to-food-insecurity-cutting-snap-benefits-may-worsen-bo\">NPR Food\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Elsa Pearson, MPH, is a senior policy analyst at Boston University School of Public Health. She's on Twitter \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/epearsonbusph?lang=en\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">@epearsonbusph\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The closest grocery store is a few miles away and your paycheck doesn't clear until Friday. You even skipped lunch. With no car, only a few dollars and kids at home, you decide dinner will have to, yet again, be the local fast food restaurant within walking distance. It's cost effective, but you're already bracing for the \"healthy weight\" conversation at the pediatrician's next month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over \u003ca href=\"https://www.ers.usda.gov/topics/food-nutrition-assistance/food-security-in-the-us/key-statistics-graphics.aspx#foodsecure\">11\u003c/a>% of all households in the United States are food insecure. They worry about running out of food and rationing what they do have. It is clear food insecurity leads to \u003ca href=\"https://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/full/10.1377/hlthaff.2015.0645\">poorer health\u003c/a>. Regardless of age, food insecure individuals are more likely to struggle with anxiety and depression. Children are at higher risk for asthma, malnutrition and cognitive problems. Non-elderly adults are more likely to have hypertension and diabetes, and seniors see limitations in their daily activities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The connection between food insecurity and obesity may seem less obvious. New data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention show almost \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hus/hus18.pdf?utm_source=newsletter&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=newsletter_axiosvitals&stream=top\">one in five kids\u003c/a> in America is obese, with rates rising in adults to two in five, and recent research suggests the link between the two may be stronger than we think.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"news_11789923","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>For example, in a small study of \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26377352\">2-to-8 year-old Hispanic children\u003c/a> and their mothers, being food insecure increased the chances the children would also be obese. A much bigger study including almost 10,000 \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25737437\">6-to-11 year-old children\u003c/a> found a similar connection. In adults, food insecurity has been found to be associated with a higher risk of obesity in \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0195666316310236?via%3Dihub\">white and Hispanic women\u003c/a>. (Interestingly, the researchers didn't find any link in men or black women.) Plus, after studying \u003ca href=\"https://www.huffingtonpost.ca/entry/first-nations-food-insecurity_ca_5dc32058e4b005513881f6ab\">Canada's First Nations population\u003c/a> for a decade, researchers linked higher rates of food insecurity to higher rates of obesity and diabetes when compared with the country's general population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The connection now seems clear, but how does less food lead to more weight for some people?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One researcher suggests it's due to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27126969\">scarcity hypothesis\u003c/a> — when food is hard to find, the body prepares by seeking calorie-dense food and storing up energy in fat tissue. Dr. Emily Dhurandhar from Texas Tech University argues that the overabundance of high-calorie food in a neighborhood isn't enough to magically cause obesity; there must also be a physiological signal to save energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Dhurandhar's theory may be hard to quantify or address through policy. However, certain neighborhood factors do increase an individual's likelihood of being food insecure and, it turns out, are also associated with a higher risk of obesity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, living in a food desert can negatively impact your health, putting you at higher risk of becoming overweight or obese. \u003ca href=\"https://www.ers.usda.gov/amber-waves/2011/december/data-feature-mapping-food-deserts-in-the-us/\">Food deserts\u003c/a> are low-income communities where stores to buy fruits, vegetables and other whole foods are either too far away or don't exist at all. Even when controlling for individual and household factors, such as diet and exercise or household education level, living in a food desert is linked to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26985622\">higher risk of obesity\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Research has shown that not only does distance to the grocery store matter, but so do the store's prices. Lower prices have been associated with \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22698052/\">higher rates of obesity\u003c/a>. That's because stores with higher prices place more emphasis on displaying and marketing healthy food, but their healthy food is then often unaffordable. Lower prices mean more affordable food — but also often lower quality and nutritional value.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lastly, living in a food swamp can also increase your risk of obesity. What food deserts lack in healthy options, \u003ca href=\"https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2017/12/food-swamps/549275/\">food swamps\u003c/a> make up for in fast food and junk food; what's available is high in calories, sodium and sugar. Research suggests food swamps may actually \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29135909\">be better\u003c/a> at predicting local obesity patterns than food deserts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the link between food insecurity and obesity is as significant as it seems, what can we do to fix it?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, we can improve the options available in food insecure neighborhoods, with an emphasis on fresh produce and whole foods. At the same time, we should work to lower the cost of healthy food and improve stores' marketing strategies. In fact, lowering prices may offer \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25217097\">more relief\u003c/a> than simply adding more grocery stores.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a broader level, federal policies can also alleviate individual barriers to good food. Food assistance programs, such as the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (\u003ca href=\"https://theincidentaleconomist.com/wordpress/proposed-eligibility-changes-to-snap-may-be-harmful-to-your-health/\">SNAP\u003c/a>) and WIC (a similar assistance program for mothers and children), and even Medicaid all help. The relationship between SNAP benefits and food insecurity is \u003ca href=\"https://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/pdf/10.1377/hlthaff.2018.05265\">clear\u003c/a> — those who lose their benefits become more food insecure. Research suggests that gaining \u003ca href=\"https://ajph.aphapublications.org/doi/10.2105/AJPH.2019.305168\">Medicaid coverage\u003c/a> through the Affordable Care Act also improves food security by alleviating health care expenses that previously diverted family resources away from food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past year, the Trump administration has \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/04/us/politics/trump-food-stamp-cuts.html\">proposed\u003c/a> cutting back food stamp eligibility three separate times to save money. One of those rule changes, scheduled to take effect next April, may \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/12/04/784732180/nearly-700-000-snap-recipients-could-lose-benefits-under-new-trump-rule\">kick nearly 700,000 people off SNAP\u003c/a>. Doing so may help the federal budget, but it may also increase rates of food insecurity and \u003ca href=\"https://www.marketwatch.com/story/how-the-trump-administrations-proposed-food-stamp-cutbacks-could-worsen-the-obesity-crisis-2019-10-14\">fuel\u003c/a> the current obesity epidemic. As these two issues threaten the health of our communities, federal policies and community-based interventions are significant players in our fight to reduce the rates of both.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">www.npr.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/135943/obesity-is-linked-to-food-insecurity-snap-cuts-may-make-both-worse","authors":["byline_bayareabites_135943"],"categories":["bayareabites_1962","bayareabites_10028","bayareabites_1245","bayareabites_10916","bayareabites_2035","bayareabites_181"],"tags":["bayareabites_13313","bayareabites_2613","bayareabites_11838"],"featImg":"bayareabites_135949","label":"source_bayareabites_135943"},"bayareabites_126047":{"type":"posts","id":"bayareabites_126047","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"bayareabites","id":"126047","score":null,"sort":[1521578404000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"taste-buds-dull-as-people-gain-weight-now-scientists-think-they-know-why","title":"Taste Buds Dull As People Gain Weight. Now Scientists Think They Know Why","publishDate":1521578404,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Bay Area Bites | KQED Food","labelTerm":{"site":"bayareabites"},"content":"\u003cp>In Robin Dando's lab, several mice chowed down on a specialized diet designed to make them as fat as possible. \"I can say the mice are happy. They love this unhealthy diet, and pretty fast they get pretty overweight,\" says Dando, an assistant professor of food science at Cornell University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the mice were not long for this world. Eight weeks after they started their delicious nosh, they were euthanized and their tongues were excised for direct comparison against their\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>skinnier brethren.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dando's work, which he and his graduate students \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.cornell.edu/dandolab/lab-members/\">Andrew Kaufman and Ezen Choo\u003c/a> published \u003ca href=\"http://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.2001959\">Tuesday\u003c/a> in PLoS Biology, attacks a curious effect of being obese: why people's sense of taste seems to dull as they gain weight. Doctors have known about the phenomenon for the last few years, after reports published in the last decade showed that\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>obese people performed poorly on taste tests compared with normal weight individuals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the fundamental question remained: why? \"We didn't have a good grip on cause and effect,\" Dando says. For instance, was it that a habit of eating heavy foods dulled the tongue's sensitivity to flavors? Or did this have something to do with the mere presence of excess body fat?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To find out, Dando looked at the tongues of his fat and normal-weight mice. Under the fatty diet, he found the taste buds were withering. \"The obese ones have about 25 percent fewer taste buds,\" he says. Taste buds are structures on the tongue made up of about 100 cells and, when the mice got fat, Dando says the older cells were dying off more quickly and being replaced with new, young cells more slowly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The team had two other groups of mice in the experiment. One was a set of mutants that were practically incapable of gaining weight no matter how fatty their food. \"It's a genetically engineered mouse that's obesity resistant,\" Dando says. These mice got the same fatty food as the regular obese mice but didn't gain much weight. At the end of eight weeks, Dando and his students sliced out the mice's tongues. \"We looked at their taste buds, and they looked totally normal. They [had] the same number of taste buds as lean mice,\" he says. That suggested\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>the diet itself wasn't responsible for the damage to the mice's taste buds – it had something to do with being obese.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So Dando looked at one more group of mice – a bunch of mutants that can't produce a molecule called TNF alpha, a compound that creates inflammation in the body. TNF alpha and other compounds that create inflammation are naturally higher in obese individuals \u003cstrong>– \u003c/strong>\u003ca href=\"http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0121971\">both humans and mice \u003c/a>-- and cause them to have a higher background levels of inflammation. Even when these mice became very fat, they also didn't lose any taste buds. \"[It means] taste bud loss is really related to that inflammatory state,\" Dando says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's a key finding, says \u003ca href=\"https://profiles.stanford.edu/john-morton\">Dr. John Morton\u003c/a>, the chief of bariatric medicine at Stanford University, who was not involved in the new study. \"We've known for a long time that obesity is a disease of inflammation,\" he says. \"Before this study, we didn't know that there is a connection between inflammation and the proliferation of taste buds, and that actually leads to the decrease in taste sensitivity.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's important to note that this study was done in mere mice, but Morton says that the situation is likely the same for human beings, too. \"In this particular circumstance, it's reasonable to make that extrapolation [to humans.] We've done human studies that have similar findings,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That blunting of taste may make it more difficult for obese individuals to adhere to certain diets, Morton says. With a diminished sense of taste, people need stronger, more richly flavored food in order to enjoy it as much as someone with 25 percent more taste buds. \"Often that means more sugar and fat,\" Morton says. \"And more calories.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's not a permanent loss, though. Studies on bariatric surgery patients show that they start noticing food tastes better and more intense a couple of months after their operation. \"This is a two-way mechanism. Probably the opposite happens,\" Dando says. Taste buds do come back. \u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That leaves some hope for obese individuals who feel many foods are just too bland, now that Dando's work has narrowed down some potential causes of taste decline from weight gain. \"If I were a pharmacist looking for drug development, I would look for a way to block this inflammation in the hope of mitigating this effect from weight,\" Morton says. A drug like that just might help some people regain gustatory mojo. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2018 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Doctors have known that as people pack on the pounds, their sense of taste diminishes. New research in mice helps explain what's going on: Inflammation brought on by obesity may be killing taste buds.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1521578404,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":15,"wordCount":805},"headData":{"title":"Taste Buds Dull As People Gain Weight. Now Scientists Think They Know Why | KQED","description":"Doctors have known that as people pack on the pounds, their sense of taste diminishes. New research in mice helps explain what's going on: Inflammation brought on by obesity may be killing taste buds.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"126047 https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=126047","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2018/03/20/taste-buds-dull-as-people-gain-weight-now-scientists-think-they-know-why/","disqusTitle":"Taste Buds Dull As People Gain Weight. Now Scientists Think They Know Why","nprImageCredit":"Omikron Omikron","nprByline":"Angus Chen, NPR Food","nprImageAgency":"Getty Images/Science Source","nprStoryId":"595237542","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=595237542&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2018/03/20/595237542/taste-buds-dull-as-people-gain-weight-now-scientists-think-they-know-why?ft=nprml&f=595237542","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Tue, 20 Mar 2018 14:01:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Tue, 20 Mar 2018 14:01:12 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Tue, 20 Mar 2018 14:01:12 -0400","path":"/bayareabites/126047/taste-buds-dull-as-people-gain-weight-now-scientists-think-they-know-why","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In Robin Dando's lab, several mice chowed down on a specialized diet designed to make them as fat as possible. \"I can say the mice are happy. They love this unhealthy diet, and pretty fast they get pretty overweight,\" says Dando, an assistant professor of food science at Cornell University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the mice were not long for this world. Eight weeks after they started their delicious nosh, they were euthanized and their tongues were excised for direct comparison against their\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>skinnier brethren.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dando's work, which he and his graduate students \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.cornell.edu/dandolab/lab-members/\">Andrew Kaufman and Ezen Choo\u003c/a> published \u003ca href=\"http://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.2001959\">Tuesday\u003c/a> in PLoS Biology, attacks a curious effect of being obese: why people's sense of taste seems to dull as they gain weight. Doctors have known about the phenomenon for the last few years, after reports published in the last decade showed that\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>obese people performed poorly on taste tests compared with normal weight individuals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the fundamental question remained: why? \"We didn't have a good grip on cause and effect,\" Dando says. For instance, was it that a habit of eating heavy foods dulled the tongue's sensitivity to flavors? Or did this have something to do with the mere presence of excess body fat?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To find out, Dando looked at the tongues of his fat and normal-weight mice. Under the fatty diet, he found the taste buds were withering. \"The obese ones have about 25 percent fewer taste buds,\" he says. Taste buds are structures on the tongue made up of about 100 cells and, when the mice got fat, Dando says the older cells were dying off more quickly and being replaced with new, young cells more slowly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The team had two other groups of mice in the experiment. One was a set of mutants that were practically incapable of gaining weight no matter how fatty their food. \"It's a genetically engineered mouse that's obesity resistant,\" Dando says. These mice got the same fatty food as the regular obese mice but didn't gain much weight. At the end of eight weeks, Dando and his students sliced out the mice's tongues. \"We looked at their taste buds, and they looked totally normal. They [had] the same number of taste buds as lean mice,\" he says. That suggested\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>the diet itself wasn't responsible for the damage to the mice's taste buds – it had something to do with being obese.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So Dando looked at one more group of mice – a bunch of mutants that can't produce a molecule called TNF alpha, a compound that creates inflammation in the body. TNF alpha and other compounds that create inflammation are naturally higher in obese individuals \u003cstrong>– \u003c/strong>\u003ca href=\"http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0121971\">both humans and mice \u003c/a>-- and cause them to have a higher background levels of inflammation. Even when these mice became very fat, they also didn't lose any taste buds. \"[It means] taste bud loss is really related to that inflammatory state,\" Dando says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's a key finding, says \u003ca href=\"https://profiles.stanford.edu/john-morton\">Dr. John Morton\u003c/a>, the chief of bariatric medicine at Stanford University, who was not involved in the new study. \"We've known for a long time that obesity is a disease of inflammation,\" he says. \"Before this study, we didn't know that there is a connection between inflammation and the proliferation of taste buds, and that actually leads to the decrease in taste sensitivity.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's important to note that this study was done in mere mice, but Morton says that the situation is likely the same for human beings, too. \"In this particular circumstance, it's reasonable to make that extrapolation [to humans.] We've done human studies that have similar findings,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That blunting of taste may make it more difficult for obese individuals to adhere to certain diets, Morton says. With a diminished sense of taste, people need stronger, more richly flavored food in order to enjoy it as much as someone with 25 percent more taste buds. \"Often that means more sugar and fat,\" Morton says. \"And more calories.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's not a permanent loss, though. Studies on bariatric surgery patients show that they start noticing food tastes better and more intense a couple of months after their operation. \"This is a two-way mechanism. Probably the opposite happens,\" Dando says. Taste buds do come back. \u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That leaves some hope for obese individuals who feel many foods are just too bland, now that Dando's work has narrowed down some potential causes of taste decline from weight gain. \"If I were a pharmacist looking for drug development, I would look for a way to block this inflammation in the hope of mitigating this effect from weight,\" Morton says. A drug like that just might help some people regain gustatory mojo. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2018 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/126047/taste-buds-dull-as-people-gain-weight-now-scientists-think-they-know-why","authors":["byline_bayareabites_126047"],"categories":["bayareabites_10028","bayareabites_1245","bayareabites_358"],"tags":["bayareabites_11096","bayareabites_2613","bayareabites_3972"],"featImg":"bayareabites_126048","label":"bayareabites"},"bayareabites_124392":{"type":"posts","id":"bayareabites_124392","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"bayareabites","id":"124392","score":null,"sort":[1515783532000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"showing-love-through-food-may-be-making-our-pets-obese-and-unhappy","title":"Showing Love Through Food May Be Making Our Pets Obese and Unhappy","publishDate":1515783532,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Bay Area Bites | KQED Food","labelTerm":{"site":"bayareabites"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cem>New Year's weight loss goals can apply to our pets as well as ourselves. Dr. \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://vetprofiles.tufts.edu/faculty/deborah-e-linder\">\u003cem>Deborah Linder\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>, who heads the \u003ca href=\"http://vetnutrition.tufts.edu/petfoodology/\">Tufts Obesity Clinic for Animals\u003c/a> at Tufts University, explores pet obesity in this post originally for \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/why-are-so-many-of-our-pets-overweight-85958\">\u003cem>The Conversation\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I looked at my appointment book for the day, I thought something must be wrong. Someone who worked in the fitness industry was bringing his cat in to the Tufts Obesity Clinic for Animals. Did he confuse us for a different kind of weight management clinic? Is he looking to get muscle on his cat or maybe kitty protein shakes?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I was utterly surprised when I called for my appointment in the lobby and an athletic man stood up with an almost 20-pound cat! I asked if I could speak bluntly with him. Why does someone who clearly knows a lot about keeping healthy need to bring his cat to a veterinary nutritionist? What would he say if the cat was one of the people he helps to keep fit every day? Our conversation then went something like this ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Well, I'd tell her, suck it up, buttercup. Do some kitty pushups and no more treats!\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Well, I have to ask, then, what's stopping you from doing this with your cat?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With a worried look of guilt on his face, he replied, \"Well, Dr. Linder, I mean ... she meows at me ...\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This was the moment I realized that I was treating pet obesity all wrong. I needed to focus less on the pet and more on the relationship between people and their pets. That's what's literally cutting the lives short of the dogs and cats we love so much.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>An obese pet isn't a happy pet\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As with humans, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbsnews.com/news/dog-cat-obesity-rate-continues-to-rise/\">obesity in pets\u003c/a> is at epidemic proportions. Over half of the \u003ca href=\"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5827.2010.00933.x\">dogs\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2012.05.006\">cats\u003c/a> around the globe battle the bulge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While overweight pets may not face the same social stigma as humans, medical and emotional damage is being done all the same. Obesity in animals can cause complications in almost every system in the body, with conditions ranging from \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9621878\">diabetes\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11767921\">osteoarthritis\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Owners often say they don't care if their pet is \"fat\" — there's just more of them to love! It's my job to then let them know there's less time to provide that love. A \u003ca href=\"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.2002.220.1315\">landmark lifespan study\u003c/a> showed Labradors who were 10 to 20 percent overweight — not even obese, which is typically defined as greater than 20 percent — lived a median 1.8 years shorter than their trim ideal weight counterparts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another \u003ca href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2011.09.015\">study\u003c/a> shows that obesity indeed has emotional consequences for pets. Overweight pets have worse scores in vitality, quality of life, pain and emotional disturbance. However, the good news is those values can improve with weight loss.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Furthermore, humans struggle to succeed even in the best conditions — and so do pets. \u003ca href=\"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0184199\">In one study\u003c/a>, dogs on a weight-loss program were only successful 63 percent of the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_124399\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 3000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2018/01/GettyImages-161785570.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-124399\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2018/01/GettyImages-161785570.jpg\" alt=\"A British Shorthair cat.\" width=\"3000\" height=\"2370\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/01/GettyImages-161785570.jpg 3000w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/01/GettyImages-161785570-160x126.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/01/GettyImages-161785570-800x632.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/01/GettyImages-161785570-768x607.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/01/GettyImages-161785570-1020x806.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/01/GettyImages-161785570-1180x932.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/01/GettyImages-161785570-960x758.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/01/GettyImages-161785570-240x190.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/01/GettyImages-161785570-375x296.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/01/GettyImages-161785570-520x411.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 3000px) 100vw, 3000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A British Shorthair cat. \u003ccite>(VYACHESLAV OSELEDKO/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Showing love through food\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So where exactly is the problem? Are foods too high in calories? Are pets not getting enough exercise? Is it genetics? Or do we just fall for those puppy dog eyes and overfeed them because they have in fact trained us (not the other way around!)? From my experience at the pet obesity clinic, I can tell you it's a bit of all of the above.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It seems veterinarians and pet owners may be a little behind the curve compared to our human counterparts. \u003ca href=\"https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.293.1.43\">Studies show\u003c/a> that it doesn't really matter what approach to weight loss most humans take — as long as they stick to it. But many in veterinary medicine focus more on traditional diet and exercise plans, and less on adherence or the reason these pets may have become obese to begin with. (This should be easy, right? The dogs aren't opening the fridge door themselves!)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the field is starting to understand that pet obesity is much more about the human-animal bond than the food bowl. In 2014, I worked among a group of fellow pet obesity experts organized by the American Animal Hospital Association to publish \u003ca href=\"https://doi.org/10.5326/JAAHA-MS-6331\">new weight management guidelines\u003c/a>, recognizing that the human-animal bond needs to be addressed. Is the pet owner ready to make changes and overcome challenges that might slow down their pet's weight loss?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114514002335\">One interesting editorial review\u003c/a> compared parenting styles to pet ownership. As pet owners, we treat our cats and dogs more like family members. There's a deeper emotional and psychological bond that was not as common when the family dog was just the family dog. If vets can spot an overindulgent pet parent, perhaps we can help them develop strategies to avoid expressing love through food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_124398\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1458px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2018/01/Screen-Shot-2018-01-12-at-10.47.18-AM.png\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-124398\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2018/01/Screen-Shot-2018-01-12-at-10.47.18-AM.png\" alt='Source: <a href=\"http://vetnutrition.tufts.edu/\">Tufts Clinical Nutrition Service</a>' width=\"1458\" height=\"848\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/01/Screen-Shot-2018-01-12-at-10.47.18-AM.png 1458w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/01/Screen-Shot-2018-01-12-at-10.47.18-AM-160x93.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/01/Screen-Shot-2018-01-12-at-10.47.18-AM-800x465.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/01/Screen-Shot-2018-01-12-at-10.47.18-AM-768x447.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/01/Screen-Shot-2018-01-12-at-10.47.18-AM-1020x593.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/01/Screen-Shot-2018-01-12-at-10.47.18-AM-1180x686.png 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/01/Screen-Shot-2018-01-12-at-10.47.18-AM-960x558.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/01/Screen-Shot-2018-01-12-at-10.47.18-AM-240x140.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/01/Screen-Shot-2018-01-12-at-10.47.18-AM-375x218.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/01/Screen-Shot-2018-01-12-at-10.47.18-AM-520x302.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1458px) 100vw, 1458px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Source: \u003ca href=\"http://vetnutrition.tufts.edu/\">Tufts Clinical Nutrition Service\u003c/a> \u003ccite>(The Conversation, CC-BY-ND)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A healthier relationship\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Managing obesity in pets will require veterinarians, physicians and psychologists \u003ca href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcpa.2017.03.006\">to work together\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many veterinary schools and hospitals now employ social workers who help veterinarians understand the social aspect of the human-animal bond and how it impacts the pet's care. For example, a dog owner who has lost a spouse and shares an ice cream treat every night with their dog may be trying to replace a tradition they used to cherish with their significant other. A social worker with a psychology background could help prepare a plan that respects the owner's bond with their pet without negatively impacting the pet's health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At our obesity clinic at Tufts, physicians, nutritionists and veterinarians are working together to develop joint pet and pet owner weight-loss programs. We want to put together a healthy physical activity program, so pet owners and their dogs can both improve their health and strengthen their bond. We also created \u003ca href=\"http://www.petfoodology.org\">a pet owner education website\u003c/a> with additional strategies for weight loss and pet nutrition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvsm.2014.03.004\">Programs that strengthen and support the human-animal bond\u003c/a> without adding calories will be critical to preserve the loving relationship that is the reason why we adopt our pets, but also keep us from literally loving them to death by overfeeding. Hopefully, we can start to chip away at the notion that \"food is love\" for our pets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Find more of The Conversation's obesity series \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/us/search?utf8=%E2%9C%93&q=obesity\">\u003cem>here\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>. Re-posted with permission. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2018 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NPR\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Over half of the dogs and cats around the globe battle the bulge. A pet obesity specialist says a deep human-animal bond may inadvertently be causing unhealthy emotional and physical consequences.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1515799140,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":27,"wordCount":1074},"headData":{"title":"Showing Love Through Food May Be Making Our Pets Obese and Unhappy | KQED","description":"Over half of the dogs and cats around the globe battle the bulge. A pet obesity specialist says a deep human-animal bond may inadvertently be causing unhealthy emotional and physical consequences.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"124392 https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=124392","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2018/01/12/showing-love-through-food-may-be-making-our-pets-obese-and-unhappy/","disqusTitle":"Showing Love Through Food May Be Making Our Pets Obese and Unhappy","nprByline":"Deborah Linder, \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2018/01/12/577088315/showing-love-through-food-may-be-making-our-pets-obese-and-unhappy\">NPR Food\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>","nprImageAgency":"Courtesy of Rebecca Flanagan","nprStoryId":"577088315","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=577088315&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2018/01/12/577088315/showing-love-through-food-may-be-making-our-pets-obese-and-unhappy?ft=nprml&f=577088315","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Fri, 12 Jan 2018 11:28:00 -0500","nprStoryDate":"Fri, 12 Jan 2018 11:15:00 -0500","nprLastModifiedDate":"Fri, 12 Jan 2018 11:28:24 -0500","path":"/bayareabites/124392/showing-love-through-food-may-be-making-our-pets-obese-and-unhappy","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>New Year's weight loss goals can apply to our pets as well as ourselves. Dr. \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://vetprofiles.tufts.edu/faculty/deborah-e-linder\">\u003cem>Deborah Linder\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>, who heads the \u003ca href=\"http://vetnutrition.tufts.edu/petfoodology/\">Tufts Obesity Clinic for Animals\u003c/a> at Tufts University, explores pet obesity in this post originally for \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/why-are-so-many-of-our-pets-overweight-85958\">\u003cem>The Conversation\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I looked at my appointment book for the day, I thought something must be wrong. Someone who worked in the fitness industry was bringing his cat in to the Tufts Obesity Clinic for Animals. Did he confuse us for a different kind of weight management clinic? Is he looking to get muscle on his cat or maybe kitty protein shakes?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I was utterly surprised when I called for my appointment in the lobby and an athletic man stood up with an almost 20-pound cat! I asked if I could speak bluntly with him. Why does someone who clearly knows a lot about keeping healthy need to bring his cat to a veterinary nutritionist? What would he say if the cat was one of the people he helps to keep fit every day? Our conversation then went something like this ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Well, I'd tell her, suck it up, buttercup. Do some kitty pushups and no more treats!\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Well, I have to ask, then, what's stopping you from doing this with your cat?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With a worried look of guilt on his face, he replied, \"Well, Dr. Linder, I mean ... she meows at me ...\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This was the moment I realized that I was treating pet obesity all wrong. I needed to focus less on the pet and more on the relationship between people and their pets. That's what's literally cutting the lives short of the dogs and cats we love so much.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>An obese pet isn't a happy pet\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As with humans, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbsnews.com/news/dog-cat-obesity-rate-continues-to-rise/\">obesity in pets\u003c/a> is at epidemic proportions. Over half of the \u003ca href=\"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5827.2010.00933.x\">dogs\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2012.05.006\">cats\u003c/a> around the globe battle the bulge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While overweight pets may not face the same social stigma as humans, medical and emotional damage is being done all the same. Obesity in animals can cause complications in almost every system in the body, with conditions ranging from \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9621878\">diabetes\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11767921\">osteoarthritis\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Owners often say they don't care if their pet is \"fat\" — there's just more of them to love! It's my job to then let them know there's less time to provide that love. A \u003ca href=\"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.2002.220.1315\">landmark lifespan study\u003c/a> showed Labradors who were 10 to 20 percent overweight — not even obese, which is typically defined as greater than 20 percent — lived a median 1.8 years shorter than their trim ideal weight counterparts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another \u003ca href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2011.09.015\">study\u003c/a> shows that obesity indeed has emotional consequences for pets. Overweight pets have worse scores in vitality, quality of life, pain and emotional disturbance. However, the good news is those values can improve with weight loss.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Furthermore, humans struggle to succeed even in the best conditions — and so do pets. \u003ca href=\"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0184199\">In one study\u003c/a>, dogs on a weight-loss program were only successful 63 percent of the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_124399\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 3000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2018/01/GettyImages-161785570.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-124399\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2018/01/GettyImages-161785570.jpg\" alt=\"A British Shorthair cat.\" width=\"3000\" height=\"2370\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/01/GettyImages-161785570.jpg 3000w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/01/GettyImages-161785570-160x126.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/01/GettyImages-161785570-800x632.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/01/GettyImages-161785570-768x607.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/01/GettyImages-161785570-1020x806.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/01/GettyImages-161785570-1180x932.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/01/GettyImages-161785570-960x758.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/01/GettyImages-161785570-240x190.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/01/GettyImages-161785570-375x296.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/01/GettyImages-161785570-520x411.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 3000px) 100vw, 3000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A British Shorthair cat. \u003ccite>(VYACHESLAV OSELEDKO/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Showing love through food\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So where exactly is the problem? Are foods too high in calories? Are pets not getting enough exercise? Is it genetics? Or do we just fall for those puppy dog eyes and overfeed them because they have in fact trained us (not the other way around!)? From my experience at the pet obesity clinic, I can tell you it's a bit of all of the above.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It seems veterinarians and pet owners may be a little behind the curve compared to our human counterparts. \u003ca href=\"https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.293.1.43\">Studies show\u003c/a> that it doesn't really matter what approach to weight loss most humans take — as long as they stick to it. But many in veterinary medicine focus more on traditional diet and exercise plans, and less on adherence or the reason these pets may have become obese to begin with. (This should be easy, right? The dogs aren't opening the fridge door themselves!)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the field is starting to understand that pet obesity is much more about the human-animal bond than the food bowl. In 2014, I worked among a group of fellow pet obesity experts organized by the American Animal Hospital Association to publish \u003ca href=\"https://doi.org/10.5326/JAAHA-MS-6331\">new weight management guidelines\u003c/a>, recognizing that the human-animal bond needs to be addressed. Is the pet owner ready to make changes and overcome challenges that might slow down their pet's weight loss?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114514002335\">One interesting editorial review\u003c/a> compared parenting styles to pet ownership. As pet owners, we treat our cats and dogs more like family members. There's a deeper emotional and psychological bond that was not as common when the family dog was just the family dog. If vets can spot an overindulgent pet parent, perhaps we can help them develop strategies to avoid expressing love through food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_124398\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1458px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2018/01/Screen-Shot-2018-01-12-at-10.47.18-AM.png\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-124398\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2018/01/Screen-Shot-2018-01-12-at-10.47.18-AM.png\" alt='Source: <a href=\"http://vetnutrition.tufts.edu/\">Tufts Clinical Nutrition Service</a>' width=\"1458\" height=\"848\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/01/Screen-Shot-2018-01-12-at-10.47.18-AM.png 1458w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/01/Screen-Shot-2018-01-12-at-10.47.18-AM-160x93.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/01/Screen-Shot-2018-01-12-at-10.47.18-AM-800x465.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/01/Screen-Shot-2018-01-12-at-10.47.18-AM-768x447.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/01/Screen-Shot-2018-01-12-at-10.47.18-AM-1020x593.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/01/Screen-Shot-2018-01-12-at-10.47.18-AM-1180x686.png 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/01/Screen-Shot-2018-01-12-at-10.47.18-AM-960x558.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/01/Screen-Shot-2018-01-12-at-10.47.18-AM-240x140.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/01/Screen-Shot-2018-01-12-at-10.47.18-AM-375x218.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/01/Screen-Shot-2018-01-12-at-10.47.18-AM-520x302.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1458px) 100vw, 1458px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Source: \u003ca href=\"http://vetnutrition.tufts.edu/\">Tufts Clinical Nutrition Service\u003c/a> \u003ccite>(The Conversation, CC-BY-ND)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A healthier relationship\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Managing obesity in pets will require veterinarians, physicians and psychologists \u003ca href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcpa.2017.03.006\">to work together\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many veterinary schools and hospitals now employ social workers who help veterinarians understand the social aspect of the human-animal bond and how it impacts the pet's care. For example, a dog owner who has lost a spouse and shares an ice cream treat every night with their dog may be trying to replace a tradition they used to cherish with their significant other. A social worker with a psychology background could help prepare a plan that respects the owner's bond with their pet without negatively impacting the pet's health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At our obesity clinic at Tufts, physicians, nutritionists and veterinarians are working together to develop joint pet and pet owner weight-loss programs. We want to put together a healthy physical activity program, so pet owners and their dogs can both improve their health and strengthen their bond. We also created \u003ca href=\"http://www.petfoodology.org\">a pet owner education website\u003c/a> with additional strategies for weight loss and pet nutrition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvsm.2014.03.004\">Programs that strengthen and support the human-animal bond\u003c/a> without adding calories will be critical to preserve the loving relationship that is the reason why we adopt our pets, but also keep us from literally loving them to death by overfeeding. Hopefully, we can start to chip away at the notion that \"food is love\" for our pets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Find more of The Conversation's obesity series \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/us/search?utf8=%E2%9C%93&q=obesity\">\u003cem>here\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>. Re-posted with permission. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2018 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NPR\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/124392/showing-love-through-food-may-be-making-our-pets-obese-and-unhappy","authors":["byline_bayareabites_124392"],"categories":["bayareabites_1245","bayareabites_1619"],"tags":["bayareabites_2613","bayareabites_3502"],"featImg":"bayareabites_124393","label":"bayareabites"},"bayareabites_110712":{"type":"posts","id":"bayareabites_110712","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"bayareabites","id":"110712","score":null,"sort":[1468431907000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"thirsty-new-study-links-good-hydration-to-slimmer-waistlines","title":"Thirsty? New Study Links Good Hydration To Slimmer Waistlines","publishDate":1468431907,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Bay Area Bites | KQED Food","labelTerm":{"site":"bayareabites"},"content":"\u003cp>A quick consultation with Dr. Google will tell you that drinking lots of water — and staying well-hydrated — can help you lose weight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But is there any truth to this? A new study\u003ca href=\"http://www.annfammed.org/content/14/4/320\"> published\u003c/a> in the \u003cem>Annals of Family Medicine\u003c/em> adds to the evidence that hydration may play a role in weight management.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What we found was that people who were inadequately hydrated had increased odds of being obese,\" says study author \u003ca href=\"https://medicine.umich.edu/dept/family-medicine/tammy-chang-md-mph-ms\">Tammy Chang \u003c/a>of the Department of Family Medicine at the University of Michigan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study was based on data collected by a \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes/\">federal health survey\u003c/a>, in which researchers had documented weight and height of participants. They also conducted urine tests to establish an objective measure of participants' level of hydration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chang and her colleagues found the odds of being obese were 1.59 times higher for people who were not well-hydrated. And overall, they found that a lack of proper hydration was associated with higher body mass index.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003c/em>\"The idea that hydration could have this effect is interesting and important,\" says Chang. But there's still a lot that remains unknown. This study captures one snapshot in time, and it does not prove that staying hydrated helps people manage weight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is possible that people who stay well-hydrated also have other habits — say, a healthful diet — that keeps them slimmer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new findings do fit with a few, small studies that found dieters who drink water before meals are more successful at weight loss, at least in the short term.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Over several months, people who are drinking water before their meal lose more weight,\" explains \u003ca href=\"https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/eric-rimm/\">Eric Rimm\u003c/a> of the Harvard School of Public Health. The idea here is that people feel less hungry after filling up on water. \"But is it a lasting effect?\" Rimm says it's not clear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says what is clear when it comes to the relationship between weight and what we drink is this: \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20796216\">Swapping sugary drinks for water\u003c/a> is beneficial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In long-term studies that tracked people's habits over several decades, \"we found that people who choose water instead of sugar-sweetened beverages gain weight at a much slower rate,\" says Rimm. It's not necessarily pointing to the importance of hydration, \"just drinking fewer calories,\" he adds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's no hard and fast rule on how much water is ideal to drink. A gardener working outside or an athlete in training needs more than someone sitting in an air-conditioned office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, how do you know if you're well-hydrated? Chang says she tells her patients to notice the color of their urine. If it's dark, you probably need to drink more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If your urine is light — almost like the color of water — then you're probably well-hydrated,\" Chang says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This may be particularly important for older people. Research suggests people over 65 years old \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1858944\">don't feel as thirsty\u003c/a> as younger people, even when they are dehydrated.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>\u003cbr>\nCopyright 2016 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A new study finds people who are well-hydrated have lower body weights and lower odds of obesity. It adds evidence to the theory that drinking lots of water may help in weight management.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1468431907,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":17,"wordCount":504},"headData":{"title":"Thirsty? New Study Links Good Hydration To Slimmer Waistlines | KQED","description":"A new study finds people who are well-hydrated have lower body weights and lower odds of obesity. It adds evidence to the theory that drinking lots of water may help in weight management.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"110712 http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=110712","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2016/07/13/thirsty-new-study-links-good-hydration-to-slimmer-waistlines/","disqusTitle":"Thirsty? New Study Links Good Hydration To Slimmer Waistlines","nprImageCredit":"Klaus Vedfelt","nprByline":"Allison Aubrey, NPR Food","nprImageAgency":"Getty Images","nprStoryId":"485737511","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=485737511&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2016/07/12/485737511/thirsty-new-study-links-good-hydration-to-slimmer-waistlines?ft=nprml&f=485737511","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Tue, 12 Jul 2016 18:43:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Tue, 12 Jul 2016 18:03:00 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Tue, 12 Jul 2016 18:19:36 -0400","nprAudio":"http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2016/07/20160712_atc_drink_up_study_finds_a_link_between_poor_hydration_and_overweight.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1053&d=130&p=2&story=485737511&t=progseg&e=485665076&seg=18&ft=nprml&f=485737511","nprAudioM3u":"http://api.npr.org/m3u/1485740643-2848b3.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1053&d=130&p=2&story=485737511&t=progseg&e=485665076&seg=18&ft=nprml&f=485737511","path":"/bayareabites/110712/thirsty-new-study-links-good-hydration-to-slimmer-waistlines","audioUrl":"http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2016/07/20160712_atc_drink_up_study_finds_a_link_between_poor_hydration_and_overweight.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1053&d=130&p=2&story=485737511&t=progseg&e=485665076&seg=18&ft=nprml&f=485737511","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A quick consultation with Dr. Google will tell you that drinking lots of water — and staying well-hydrated — can help you lose weight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But is there any truth to this? A new study\u003ca href=\"http://www.annfammed.org/content/14/4/320\"> published\u003c/a> in the \u003cem>Annals of Family Medicine\u003c/em> adds to the evidence that hydration may play a role in weight management.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What we found was that people who were inadequately hydrated had increased odds of being obese,\" says study author \u003ca href=\"https://medicine.umich.edu/dept/family-medicine/tammy-chang-md-mph-ms\">Tammy Chang \u003c/a>of the Department of Family Medicine at the University of Michigan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study was based on data collected by a \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes/\">federal health survey\u003c/a>, in which researchers had documented weight and height of participants. They also conducted urine tests to establish an objective measure of participants' level of hydration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chang and her colleagues found the odds of being obese were 1.59 times higher for people who were not well-hydrated. And overall, they found that a lack of proper hydration was associated with higher body mass index.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003c/em>\"The idea that hydration could have this effect is interesting and important,\" says Chang. But there's still a lot that remains unknown. This study captures one snapshot in time, and it does not prove that staying hydrated helps people manage weight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is possible that people who stay well-hydrated also have other habits — say, a healthful diet — that keeps them slimmer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new findings do fit with a few, small studies that found dieters who drink water before meals are more successful at weight loss, at least in the short term.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Over several months, people who are drinking water before their meal lose more weight,\" explains \u003ca href=\"https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/eric-rimm/\">Eric Rimm\u003c/a> of the Harvard School of Public Health. The idea here is that people feel less hungry after filling up on water. \"But is it a lasting effect?\" Rimm says it's not clear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says what is clear when it comes to the relationship between weight and what we drink is this: \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20796216\">Swapping sugary drinks for water\u003c/a> is beneficial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In long-term studies that tracked people's habits over several decades, \"we found that people who choose water instead of sugar-sweetened beverages gain weight at a much slower rate,\" says Rimm. It's not necessarily pointing to the importance of hydration, \"just drinking fewer calories,\" he adds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's no hard and fast rule on how much water is ideal to drink. A gardener working outside or an athlete in training needs more than someone sitting in an air-conditioned office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, how do you know if you're well-hydrated? Chang says she tells her patients to notice the color of their urine. If it's dark, you probably need to drink more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If your urine is light — almost like the color of water — then you're probably well-hydrated,\" Chang says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This may be particularly important for older people. Research suggests people over 65 years old \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1858944\">don't feel as thirsty\u003c/a> as younger people, even when they are dehydrated.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>\u003cbr>\nCopyright 2016 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/110712/thirsty-new-study-links-good-hydration-to-slimmer-waistlines","authors":["byline_bayareabites_110712"],"categories":["bayareabites_1245"],"tags":["bayareabites_12916","bayareabites_2613","bayareabites_1344"],"featImg":"bayareabites_110713","label":"bayareabites"},"bayareabites_106207":{"type":"posts","id":"bayareabites_106207","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"bayareabites","id":"106207","score":null,"sort":[1453497620000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"why-poverty-may-be-more-relevant-than-race-for-childhood-obesity","title":"Why Poverty May Be More Relevant Than Race For Childhood Obesity","publishDate":1453497620,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Bay Area Bites | KQED Food","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>As researchers have searched for ways to explain the childhood obesity epidemic in the U.S., many have posited that a child's race or ethnicity alone can put them at greater risk of becoming overweight or obese.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.umcvc.org/kim-eagle-md-macc\">Kim Eagle\u003c/a>, a professor of internal medicine and health management and policy at the University of Michigan, was skeptical of this thinking. His hunch was that poverty was a much more important part of the equation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And he saw an opportunity to parse the connections between childhood obesity, poverty and race in Massachusetts, where public health officials have been collecting race, body mass index and other data on about 112,000 students from about 70 of the state's school districts. Eagle and colleagues decided to compare those data to students' eligibility for free school lunch programs, an indicator of poverty, to find out what predicts whether a child might become overweight or obese.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"At first glance it looked like childhood obesity was more common among African-Americans or Hispanics,\" Eagle says. When they accounted for poverty, though, the trend vanished. What his \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26562758\">findings\u003c/a>, which appeared in December in the journal \u003cem>Childhood Obesity\u003c/em>, show is that \"[obesity] is not about our race or ethnicity at all — it's about resources,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's far from the first study to reach this conclusion. A 2012 \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002870312001743\">paper\u003c/a> published in the \u003cem>American Heart Journal\u003c/em> that also looked at kids in Massachusetts found that prevalence of obesity and overweight in children rose in communities with lower household income.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While not entirely surprising, this is an important insight for our understanding of attitudes about childhood obesity. \"When you have particular groups with higher rates of a problem, people start to think that they're doing something wrong that's specific to them,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.chip.uconn.edu/chipweb/bio.php?id=878\">Marlene Schwartz\u003c/a>, director of the Rudd Center for Food Policy and Obesity at the University of Connecticut. \"This [finding] helps fight against that bias.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Eagle and his colleagues, understanding that it's poverty, not race, that can help explain obesity rates is also useful for addressing the crisis. Viewed through the lens of genetics or culture, the issue can feel intractable, Eagle says, but reframing it as a matter of resources points toward tangible solutions. \"This is something communities can wrap their arms around,\" he says. \"It's not something a child is born with.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2004, Eagle founded \u003ca href=\"http://www.projecthealthyschools.org/\">Project Healthy Schools\u003c/a>, a curriculum-based program aimed at curbing obesity in middle schoolers. Kids learn about nutrition, but they also get healthier options at school: Eagle's team has taken on vending machines and cafeteria menus — nixing two-for-one hot dog days and Pop-Tarts for breakfast. They also work on sports programs and school gardens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eagle says students at first complained about salad carts and yogurt in the cafeteria, but over time, they've turned out to be hugely popular. \"It's not that students want to eat unhealthfully,\" he says. \"A lot of times [unhealthy food is] all they have.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The program is now at more than 50 middle schools in Michigan. Eagle says while most kids of all income levels benefit within three months, he sees the most dramatic improvements in low-income students. And, he says, being vulnerable doesn't mean you're destined to be overweight and in poor health — if you intervene in communities with few resources, health outcomes can improve. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2016 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Are kids more at risk of becoming obese because of their race or their economic status? A group of researchers at the University of Michigan tried to tease out an answer.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1453497620,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":13,"wordCount":574},"headData":{"title":"Why Poverty May Be More Relevant Than Race For Childhood Obesity | KQED","description":"Are kids more at risk of becoming obese because of their race or their economic status? A group of researchers at the University of Michigan tried to tease out an answer.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"106207 http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=106207","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2016/01/22/why-poverty-may-be-more-relevant-than-race-for-childhood-obesity/","disqusTitle":"Why Poverty May Be More Relevant Than Race For Childhood Obesity","source":"Health and Nutrition","sourceUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/category/health-and-nutrition/","nprImageCredit":"Raleigh News & Observer","nprByline":"Vanessa Rancano, \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/author/nprfood/\">NPR Food\u003c/a>","nprImageAgency":"MCT via Getty Images","nprStoryId":"463074965","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=463074965&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2016/01/22/463074965/why-poverty-may-be-more-relevant-than-race-for-childhood-obesity?ft=nprml&f=463074965","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Fri, 22 Jan 2016 13:28:00 -0500","nprStoryDate":"Fri, 22 Jan 2016 11:37:00 -0500","nprLastModifiedDate":"Fri, 22 Jan 2016 13:28:50 -0500","path":"/bayareabites/106207/why-poverty-may-be-more-relevant-than-race-for-childhood-obesity","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>As researchers have searched for ways to explain the childhood obesity epidemic in the U.S., many have posited that a child's race or ethnicity alone can put them at greater risk of becoming overweight or obese.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.umcvc.org/kim-eagle-md-macc\">Kim Eagle\u003c/a>, a professor of internal medicine and health management and policy at the University of Michigan, was skeptical of this thinking. His hunch was that poverty was a much more important part of the equation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And he saw an opportunity to parse the connections between childhood obesity, poverty and race in Massachusetts, where public health officials have been collecting race, body mass index and other data on about 112,000 students from about 70 of the state's school districts. Eagle and colleagues decided to compare those data to students' eligibility for free school lunch programs, an indicator of poverty, to find out what predicts whether a child might become overweight or obese.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"At first glance it looked like childhood obesity was more common among African-Americans or Hispanics,\" Eagle says. When they accounted for poverty, though, the trend vanished. What his \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26562758\">findings\u003c/a>, which appeared in December in the journal \u003cem>Childhood Obesity\u003c/em>, show is that \"[obesity] is not about our race or ethnicity at all — it's about resources,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's far from the first study to reach this conclusion. A 2012 \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002870312001743\">paper\u003c/a> published in the \u003cem>American Heart Journal\u003c/em> that also looked at kids in Massachusetts found that prevalence of obesity and overweight in children rose in communities with lower household income.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While not entirely surprising, this is an important insight for our understanding of attitudes about childhood obesity. \"When you have particular groups with higher rates of a problem, people start to think that they're doing something wrong that's specific to them,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.chip.uconn.edu/chipweb/bio.php?id=878\">Marlene Schwartz\u003c/a>, director of the Rudd Center for Food Policy and Obesity at the University of Connecticut. \"This [finding] helps fight against that bias.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Eagle and his colleagues, understanding that it's poverty, not race, that can help explain obesity rates is also useful for addressing the crisis. Viewed through the lens of genetics or culture, the issue can feel intractable, Eagle says, but reframing it as a matter of resources points toward tangible solutions. \"This is something communities can wrap their arms around,\" he says. \"It's not something a child is born with.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2004, Eagle founded \u003ca href=\"http://www.projecthealthyschools.org/\">Project Healthy Schools\u003c/a>, a curriculum-based program aimed at curbing obesity in middle schoolers. Kids learn about nutrition, but they also get healthier options at school: Eagle's team has taken on vending machines and cafeteria menus — nixing two-for-one hot dog days and Pop-Tarts for breakfast. They also work on sports programs and school gardens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eagle says students at first complained about salad carts and yogurt in the cafeteria, but over time, they've turned out to be hugely popular. \"It's not that students want to eat unhealthfully,\" he says. \"A lot of times [unhealthy food is] all they have.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The program is now at more than 50 middle schools in Michigan. Eagle says while most kids of all income levels benefit within three months, he sees the most dramatic improvements in low-income students. And, he says, being vulnerable doesn't mean you're destined to be overweight and in poor health — if you intervene in communities with few resources, health outcomes can improve. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2016 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/106207/why-poverty-may-be-more-relevant-than-race-for-childhood-obesity","authors":["byline_bayareabites_106207"],"categories":["bayareabites_10028","bayareabites_1245","bayareabites_10916","bayareabites_358"],"tags":["bayareabites_2613","bayareabites_8832","bayareabites_11319"],"featImg":"bayareabites_106208","label":"source_bayareabites_106207"},"bayareabites_105778":{"type":"posts","id":"bayareabites_105778","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"bayareabites","id":"105778","score":null,"sort":[1452039062000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"best-diets-2016-from-fastest-weight-loss-to-conquering-cravings","title":"Best Diets 2016: From Fastest Weight Loss To Conquering Cravings","publishDate":1452039062,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Bay Area Bites | KQED Food","labelTerm":{"site":"bayareabites"},"content":"\u003cp>When it comes to dieting, losing weight fast holds some appeal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perhaps that's why \u003cem>U.S. News & World Report\u003c/em> has added a Fast Weight-Loss Diet category to its \u003ca href=\"http://health.usnews.com/best-diet\">annual rankings\u003c/a> of best diet plans. And one of the diets that comes out on top is the HMR (Health Management Resources) Program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>HMR is a meal replacement diet that can be done on your own at home or under medical supervision in a clinic. In lieu of made-at-home meals, dieters can \u003ca href=\"https://www.hmrprogram.com/static-assets/pdf/Selections-Brochure-ALL-PRODUCT.pdf\">order\u003c/a> low-calorie shakes, soups, nutrition bars and multi-grain cereal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. News reviewers say the \u003ca href=\"http://health.usnews.com/best-diet/hmr-diet\">plus side \u003c/a>to the HMR diet is its quick-start option and the convenience of having meals delivered to you. The down side: \"The shakes could get humdrum,\" and it's tough to eat out while on this diet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A common \u003ca href=\"http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMsa1208051\" target=\"_blank\">misconception\u003c/a> is that losing weight quickly is not healthy, not sustainable, and will just lead to future weight re-gain,\" wrote Carol Addy, the chief medical officer at HMR, in a \u003ca href=\"http://www.multivu.com/players/English/7670751-hmr-program-named-best-weight-loss-diet/\">release\u003c/a>. But she says, to the contrary, \"numerous clinical studies demonstrate that following a lifestyle change program which promotes fast initial weight loss can result in better \u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/oby.21112/abstract;jsessionid=411FAA3DED55B0FDED7B940DDB5DD140.f01t03\" target=\"_blank\">long-term success\u003c/a>.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meal replacement diets aren't for everyone. After all, a shake for a meal can leave you wanting more. And prepared meals turn some people off. Some experts argue that a go-slow approach is better.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, several other top-ranked diets on the U.S. News list put a focus on changing everyday eating habits, rather than following a prescribed diet. The rankings are based on evaluations by a \u003ca href=\"http://health.usnews.com/best-diet/experts\">panel\u003c/a> of doctors, nutritionists and other health experts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For instance, \u003ca href=\"http://health.usnews.com/best-diet/dash-diet\">the DASH diet\u003c/a>, which was originally designed to help people control high blood pressure, focuses on a healthy pattern of eating including lots of vegetables, whole grains and lean protein.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Worried about cognitive decline? The \u003ca href=\"http://health.usnews.com/best-diet/mind-diet\">MIND diet\u003c/a> — which is ranked No. 2 on the Best Diets Overall list — combines the DASH approach and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2015/09/14/439241950/mediterranean-diet-with-extra-olive-oil-may-lower-breast-cancer-risk\">Mediterranean\u003c/a> diet, which emphasizes more fish, olive oil and nuts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Preliminary research suggests that these heart-healthy diets (DASH and Mediterranean) may also stave off mental decline. And according to the \u003cem>U.S. News\u003c/em> reviewers, the MIND diet — which was developed by researchers at Rush University Medical Center — focuses on foods within these two diets that influence brain health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Want a \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2014/09/01/344315405/cutting-back-on-carbs-not-fat-may-lead-to-more-weight-loss\">lower-carb approach\u003c/a>? The Glycemic-Index Diet makes the list. The knock against it: It's hard to follow. If you're looking for an easier method to try this approach, well-known obesity researcher \u003ca href=\"http://www.childrenshospital.org/researchers/david-ludwig\">David Ludwig\u003c/a> of Harvard Medical School has you covered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his new book, \u003ca href=\"http://www.amazon.com/Always-Hungry-Conquer-Cravings-Permanently/dp/1455533866\">Always Hungry? Conquer Cravings, Retrain Your Fat Cells & Lost Weigh Permanently,\u003c/a> Ludwig argues that the body doesn't handle all calories equally. \"The type of calories we eat can affect the number of calories we burn,\" he writes. He points to a weight-loss study published in \u003cem>JAMA\u003c/em>, the Journal of the American Medical Association, that found people on a low-carb diet burned about 325 more calories a day compared to those on a low-fat diet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says a key problem in our diets are processed carbohydrate: breads, cereals, crackers, cookies, candy and sugary drinks. \"Anything containing primarily refined grains or concentrated sugar digests rapidly, and raises insulin levels,\" he writes. And this elevated insulin sends a signal to fat cells to store or hoard calories. \"Fat cells take in or release calories only when instructed to do so by external signals — and the master control is insulin.\" Too much insulin, Ludwig argues, causes weight gain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His book includes recipes and meal plans that translate the science into a prescriptive weight-loss plan. \"Our program builds on [the] Gycemic Index [diet], but we do the work for the reader so there is no need to count anything - GI values or calories,\" he tells us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2016 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"\u003cem>U.S. News & World Report's \u003c/em>annual diet rankings give top marks to a meal-replacement plan to shed pounds fast. There's also a low-carb diet to stave off cravings; its virtues are sung in a new book.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1452039062,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":17,"wordCount":666},"headData":{"title":"Best Diets 2016: From Fastest Weight Loss To Conquering Cravings | KQED","description":"U.S. News & World Report's annual diet rankings give top marks to a meal-replacement plan to shed pounds fast. There's also a low-carb diet to stave off cravings; its virtues are sung in a new book.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"105778 http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=105778","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2016/01/05/best-diets-2016-from-fastest-weight-loss-to-conquering-cravings/","disqusTitle":"Best Diets 2016: From Fastest Weight Loss To Conquering Cravings","nprByline":"Allison Aubrey, \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/author/nprfood/\">NPR Food\u003c/a>","nprImageAgency":"iStockphoto","nprStoryId":"462036387","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=462036387&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2016/01/05/462036387/best-diets-2016-from-fastest-weight-loss-to-conquering-cravings?ft=nprml&f=462036387","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Tue, 05 Jan 2016 17:16:00 -0500","nprStoryDate":"Tue, 05 Jan 2016 17:14:00 -0500","nprLastModifiedDate":"Tue, 05 Jan 2016 17:16:31 -0500","path":"/bayareabites/105778/best-diets-2016-from-fastest-weight-loss-to-conquering-cravings","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When it comes to dieting, losing weight fast holds some appeal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perhaps that's why \u003cem>U.S. News & World Report\u003c/em> has added a Fast Weight-Loss Diet category to its \u003ca href=\"http://health.usnews.com/best-diet\">annual rankings\u003c/a> of best diet plans. And one of the diets that comes out on top is the HMR (Health Management Resources) Program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>HMR is a meal replacement diet that can be done on your own at home or under medical supervision in a clinic. In lieu of made-at-home meals, dieters can \u003ca href=\"https://www.hmrprogram.com/static-assets/pdf/Selections-Brochure-ALL-PRODUCT.pdf\">order\u003c/a> low-calorie shakes, soups, nutrition bars and multi-grain cereal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. News reviewers say the \u003ca href=\"http://health.usnews.com/best-diet/hmr-diet\">plus side \u003c/a>to the HMR diet is its quick-start option and the convenience of having meals delivered to you. The down side: \"The shakes could get humdrum,\" and it's tough to eat out while on this diet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A common \u003ca href=\"http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMsa1208051\" target=\"_blank\">misconception\u003c/a> is that losing weight quickly is not healthy, not sustainable, and will just lead to future weight re-gain,\" wrote Carol Addy, the chief medical officer at HMR, in a \u003ca href=\"http://www.multivu.com/players/English/7670751-hmr-program-named-best-weight-loss-diet/\">release\u003c/a>. But she says, to the contrary, \"numerous clinical studies demonstrate that following a lifestyle change program which promotes fast initial weight loss can result in better \u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/oby.21112/abstract;jsessionid=411FAA3DED55B0FDED7B940DDB5DD140.f01t03\" target=\"_blank\">long-term success\u003c/a>.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meal replacement diets aren't for everyone. After all, a shake for a meal can leave you wanting more. And prepared meals turn some people off. Some experts argue that a go-slow approach is better.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, several other top-ranked diets on the U.S. News list put a focus on changing everyday eating habits, rather than following a prescribed diet. The rankings are based on evaluations by a \u003ca href=\"http://health.usnews.com/best-diet/experts\">panel\u003c/a> of doctors, nutritionists and other health experts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For instance, \u003ca href=\"http://health.usnews.com/best-diet/dash-diet\">the DASH diet\u003c/a>, which was originally designed to help people control high blood pressure, focuses on a healthy pattern of eating including lots of vegetables, whole grains and lean protein.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Worried about cognitive decline? The \u003ca href=\"http://health.usnews.com/best-diet/mind-diet\">MIND diet\u003c/a> — which is ranked No. 2 on the Best Diets Overall list — combines the DASH approach and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2015/09/14/439241950/mediterranean-diet-with-extra-olive-oil-may-lower-breast-cancer-risk\">Mediterranean\u003c/a> diet, which emphasizes more fish, olive oil and nuts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Preliminary research suggests that these heart-healthy diets (DASH and Mediterranean) may also stave off mental decline. And according to the \u003cem>U.S. News\u003c/em> reviewers, the MIND diet — which was developed by researchers at Rush University Medical Center — focuses on foods within these two diets that influence brain health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Want a \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2014/09/01/344315405/cutting-back-on-carbs-not-fat-may-lead-to-more-weight-loss\">lower-carb approach\u003c/a>? The Glycemic-Index Diet makes the list. The knock against it: It's hard to follow. If you're looking for an easier method to try this approach, well-known obesity researcher \u003ca href=\"http://www.childrenshospital.org/researchers/david-ludwig\">David Ludwig\u003c/a> of Harvard Medical School has you covered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his new book, \u003ca href=\"http://www.amazon.com/Always-Hungry-Conquer-Cravings-Permanently/dp/1455533866\">Always Hungry? Conquer Cravings, Retrain Your Fat Cells & Lost Weigh Permanently,\u003c/a> Ludwig argues that the body doesn't handle all calories equally. \"The type of calories we eat can affect the number of calories we burn,\" he writes. He points to a weight-loss study published in \u003cem>JAMA\u003c/em>, the Journal of the American Medical Association, that found people on a low-carb diet burned about 325 more calories a day compared to those on a low-fat diet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says a key problem in our diets are processed carbohydrate: breads, cereals, crackers, cookies, candy and sugary drinks. \"Anything containing primarily refined grains or concentrated sugar digests rapidly, and raises insulin levels,\" he writes. And this elevated insulin sends a signal to fat cells to store or hoard calories. \"Fat cells take in or release calories only when instructed to do so by external signals — and the master control is insulin.\" Too much insulin, Ludwig argues, causes weight gain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His book includes recipes and meal plans that translate the science into a prescriptive weight-loss plan. \"Our program builds on [the] Gycemic Index [diet], but we do the work for the reader so there is no need to count anything - GI values or calories,\" he tells us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2016 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/105778/best-diets-2016-from-fastest-weight-loss-to-conquering-cravings","authors":["byline_bayareabites_105778"],"categories":["bayareabites_1245"],"tags":["bayareabites_14051","bayareabites_663","bayareabites_12330","bayareabites_15193","bayareabites_11260","bayareabites_2613","bayareabites_11836"],"featImg":"bayareabites_105779","label":"bayareabites"},"bayareabites_100839":{"type":"posts","id":"bayareabites_100839","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"bayareabites","id":"100839","score":null,"sort":[1442600270000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"most-people-on-food-stamps-eat-less-nutritious-food-than-everyone-else","title":"Study Finds Most People On Food Stamps Eat Less Nutritious Food Than Everyone Else","publishDate":1442600270,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Bay Area Bites | KQED Food","labelTerm":{"site":"bayareabites"},"content":"\u003cp>The wealth gap in America manifests itself not just in our pocketbooks but also in our bellies: The poor are eating less nutritious food than everyone else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So concludes a new \u003ca href=\"http://www.ajpmonline.org/article/S0749-3797(15)00226-3/abstract\">review\u003c/a> of 25 studies published between 2003 and 2014 that looked at the food spending and quality of diets of participants in SNAP, the federal Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, also known as food stamps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Compared with both higher-income Americans and low-income people eligible but not enrolled in the program, SNAP participants on average ate about the same number of calories. But they consumed fewer fruits and vegetables and whole grains and more added sugars, says \u003ca href=\"https://www.chip.uconn.edu/chipweb/bio.php?id=806\">Tatiana Andreyeva\u003c/a>, the study's lead author and a researcher with the Rudd Center for Food Policy and Obesity at the University of Connecticut.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"SNAP is working to reduce food insecurity. That's the good news,\" Andreyeva tells The Salt. \"One of the major findings is we didn't find any difference in calorie intake. The bad news is that the quality of diet is lower.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a whole, Americans aren't exactly the healthiest eaters – only \u003ca href=\"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/news/fullstory_153500.html\">1 in 10\u003c/a> of us eat enough fruits and vegetables, and much of what \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2014/05/21/311895781/the-vegetables-most-americans-eat-are-drowning-in-salt-and-fat\">we do eat\u003c/a> are tomatoes and starchy potatoes in the form of pizza and french fries. In the studies Andreyeva reviewed,\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>the average American scored just 58 out of 100 – a failing grade – on the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnpp.usda.gov/healthyeatingindex\">Healthy Eating Index\u003c/a>, a measure of how well diets meet the federal dietary guidelines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the average food stamp recipient scored even worse: 47 out of 100 in one study, and 51 out 100 in another. Their scores were even lower than what low-income people not in the program got on average: 51 out of 100 in one study and 57 out 100 in the other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Andreyeva stresses that her findings, which appear in the October issue of the \u003cem>American Journal of Preventive Medicine\u003c/em>, don't mean people on SNAP make particularly bad food choices. Rather, they likely reflect the reality that the people who turn to SNAP for help tend to have the most limited means. Indeed, she found that both adults and children on SNAP were less likely to eat three meals a day than higher-income people not enrolled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's hard to eat healthy on a very limited budget,\" Andreyeva says, especially when the cheapest food is often packed with calories but not necessarily nutrients, and many lack the time and skills to cook.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 14.5 percent of Americans — some \u003ca href=\"http://www.fns.usda.gov/sites/default/files/pd/29SNAPcurrPP.pdf\">46.5 million people\u003c/a> — rely on food stamps. And at a time when more than \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/obesity/data/adult.html\">one-third of U.S. adults\u003c/a> are obese, she hopes her research will prompt lawmakers to consider how SNAP can address not just hunger but quality nutrition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the move toward healthier eating habits takes hold among wealthier Americans, Andreyeva worries the poorest among us will get left behind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Overall I feel that diets are improving slowly,\" she says. \"My concern is that they're not improving at all or at slower rate among SNAP participants.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take, for example, sugary drink consumption. The studies she looked at came to different conclusions on the question of whether SNAP recipients drink more soda than everyone else. But she notes that \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26303370\">research\u003c/a> published just last month — too late to include in her review – found that people on food stamps got 12 percent of their daily calories from sugary drinks, versus 6 percent for higher-income people. This finding comes even as overall \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2014/05/16/312823157/will-soda-lovers-drink-to-less-sugar-in-the-can\">soda sales are declining\u003c/a> in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, the U.S. Department of Agriculture has been experimenting with incentive programs to encourage healthier eating habits for people on SNAP.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For instance, as \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2014/11/10/361803607/how-double-bucks-for-food-stamps-conquered-capitol-hill\">we've reported\u003c/a>, the agency is investing $100 million in \u003ca href=\"http://www.doubleupfoodbucks.org/\">Double Up Food Bucks\u003c/a>, a program that doubles the value of SNAP benefits when people use them to buy fruits and vegetables at farmers markets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And USDA also helps fund education efforts like \u003ca href=\"http://cookingmatters.org/\">Cooking Matters\u003c/a>. The program teaches low-income families how to cook and shop to get the most nutritional bang for the buck – by buying frozen versus fresh vegetables, for example, or focusing on the price-per-unit rather than the total price when comparing two items.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Across the U.S., hundreds of nutrition education and incentive programs are being implemented, says \u003ca href=\"http://altarum.org/staff/ruth-morgan\">Ruth Morgan\u003c/a>, an analyst with the Altarum Institute who helps evaluate food assistance programs for the USDA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's been a push on USDA side to see what's working. Everyone is reinventing the wheel,\" Morgan says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But these incentive programs are run by states, so the USDA's Food and Nutrition Service says it's hard to know just how many hungry Americans on SNAP they're reaching. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2015 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"People on federal food assistance on average ate fewer fruits and vegetables and had worse diets than other Americans, a study finds. It reflects the challenges of eating well on limited means.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1442600787,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":21,"wordCount":803},"headData":{"title":"Study Finds Most People On Food Stamps Eat Less Nutritious Food Than Everyone Else | KQED","description":"People on federal food assistance on average ate fewer fruits and vegetables and had worse diets than other Americans, a study finds. It reflects the challenges of eating well on limited means.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"100839 http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=100839","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2015/09/18/most-people-on-food-stamps-eat-less-nutritious-food-than-everyone-else/","disqusTitle":"Study Finds Most People On Food Stamps Eat Less Nutritious Food Than Everyone Else","nprByline":"Maria Godoy, \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/author/nprfood/\">NPR Food\u003c/a>","nprStoryId":"441143723","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=441143723&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2015/09/18/441143723/people-on-food-stamps-eat-less-nutritious-food-than-everyone-else?ft=nprml&f=441143723","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Fri, 18 Sep 2015 14:09:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Fri, 18 Sep 2015 12:59:00 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Fri, 18 Sep 2015 14:09:56 -0400","path":"/bayareabites/100839/most-people-on-food-stamps-eat-less-nutritious-food-than-everyone-else","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The wealth gap in America manifests itself not just in our pocketbooks but also in our bellies: The poor are eating less nutritious food than everyone else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So concludes a new \u003ca href=\"http://www.ajpmonline.org/article/S0749-3797(15)00226-3/abstract\">review\u003c/a> of 25 studies published between 2003 and 2014 that looked at the food spending and quality of diets of participants in SNAP, the federal Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, also known as food stamps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Compared with both higher-income Americans and low-income people eligible but not enrolled in the program, SNAP participants on average ate about the same number of calories. But they consumed fewer fruits and vegetables and whole grains and more added sugars, says \u003ca href=\"https://www.chip.uconn.edu/chipweb/bio.php?id=806\">Tatiana Andreyeva\u003c/a>, the study's lead author and a researcher with the Rudd Center for Food Policy and Obesity at the University of Connecticut.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"SNAP is working to reduce food insecurity. That's the good news,\" Andreyeva tells The Salt. \"One of the major findings is we didn't find any difference in calorie intake. The bad news is that the quality of diet is lower.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a whole, Americans aren't exactly the healthiest eaters – only \u003ca href=\"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/news/fullstory_153500.html\">1 in 10\u003c/a> of us eat enough fruits and vegetables, and much of what \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2014/05/21/311895781/the-vegetables-most-americans-eat-are-drowning-in-salt-and-fat\">we do eat\u003c/a> are tomatoes and starchy potatoes in the form of pizza and french fries. In the studies Andreyeva reviewed,\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>the average American scored just 58 out of 100 – a failing grade – on the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnpp.usda.gov/healthyeatingindex\">Healthy Eating Index\u003c/a>, a measure of how well diets meet the federal dietary guidelines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the average food stamp recipient scored even worse: 47 out of 100 in one study, and 51 out 100 in another. Their scores were even lower than what low-income people not in the program got on average: 51 out of 100 in one study and 57 out 100 in the other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Andreyeva stresses that her findings, which appear in the October issue of the \u003cem>American Journal of Preventive Medicine\u003c/em>, don't mean people on SNAP make particularly bad food choices. Rather, they likely reflect the reality that the people who turn to SNAP for help tend to have the most limited means. Indeed, she found that both adults and children on SNAP were less likely to eat three meals a day than higher-income people not enrolled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's hard to eat healthy on a very limited budget,\" Andreyeva says, especially when the cheapest food is often packed with calories but not necessarily nutrients, and many lack the time and skills to cook.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 14.5 percent of Americans — some \u003ca href=\"http://www.fns.usda.gov/sites/default/files/pd/29SNAPcurrPP.pdf\">46.5 million people\u003c/a> — rely on food stamps. And at a time when more than \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/obesity/data/adult.html\">one-third of U.S. adults\u003c/a> are obese, she hopes her research will prompt lawmakers to consider how SNAP can address not just hunger but quality nutrition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the move toward healthier eating habits takes hold among wealthier Americans, Andreyeva worries the poorest among us will get left behind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Overall I feel that diets are improving slowly,\" she says. \"My concern is that they're not improving at all or at slower rate among SNAP participants.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take, for example, sugary drink consumption. The studies she looked at came to different conclusions on the question of whether SNAP recipients drink more soda than everyone else. But she notes that \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26303370\">research\u003c/a> published just last month — too late to include in her review – found that people on food stamps got 12 percent of their daily calories from sugary drinks, versus 6 percent for higher-income people. This finding comes even as overall \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2014/05/16/312823157/will-soda-lovers-drink-to-less-sugar-in-the-can\">soda sales are declining\u003c/a> in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, the U.S. Department of Agriculture has been experimenting with incentive programs to encourage healthier eating habits for people on SNAP.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For instance, as \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2014/11/10/361803607/how-double-bucks-for-food-stamps-conquered-capitol-hill\">we've reported\u003c/a>, the agency is investing $100 million in \u003ca href=\"http://www.doubleupfoodbucks.org/\">Double Up Food Bucks\u003c/a>, a program that doubles the value of SNAP benefits when people use them to buy fruits and vegetables at farmers markets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And USDA also helps fund education efforts like \u003ca href=\"http://cookingmatters.org/\">Cooking Matters\u003c/a>. The program teaches low-income families how to cook and shop to get the most nutritional bang for the buck – by buying frozen versus fresh vegetables, for example, or focusing on the price-per-unit rather than the total price when comparing two items.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Across the U.S., hundreds of nutrition education and incentive programs are being implemented, says \u003ca href=\"http://altarum.org/staff/ruth-morgan\">Ruth Morgan\u003c/a>, an analyst with the Altarum Institute who helps evaluate food assistance programs for the USDA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's been a push on USDA side to see what's working. Everyone is reinventing the wheel,\" Morgan says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But these incentive programs are run by states, so the USDA's Food and Nutrition Service says it's hard to know just how many hungry Americans on SNAP they're reaching. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2015 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/100839/most-people-on-food-stamps-eat-less-nutritious-food-than-everyone-else","authors":["byline_bayareabites_100839"],"categories":["bayareabites_1962","bayareabites_10028","bayareabites_1245","bayareabites_2035","bayareabites_358"],"tags":["bayareabites_14846","bayareabites_8713","bayareabites_13313","bayareabites_10011","bayareabites_449","bayareabites_2613","bayareabites_11838","bayareabites_11318","bayareabites_8913"],"featImg":"bayareabites_100840","label":"bayareabites"},"bayareabites_99783":{"type":"posts","id":"bayareabites_99783","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"bayareabites","id":"99783","score":null,"sort":[1440786515000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"in-the-search-for-the-perfect-sugar-substitute-another-candidate-emerges","title":"In The Search For The Perfect Sugar Substitute, Another Candidate Emerges","publishDate":1440786515,"format":"audio","headTitle":"Bay Area Bites | KQED Food","labelTerm":{"site":"bayareabites"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story on All Things Considered:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nhttp://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2015/08/20150825_atc_in_the_hunt_for_the_perfect_sugar_substitute_another_candidate_emerges.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's a new candidate in the century-old quest for perfect, guiltless sweetness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I encountered it at the annual meeting of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.am-fe.ift.org/cms/\">Institute of Food Technologists\u003c/a>, a combination of Super Bowl, Mecca, and Disneyland for the folks who put the processing in processed food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was right in the middle of the vast exhibition hall, at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.tateandlyle.com/Pages/default.aspx\">Tate & Lyle\u003c/a> booth. This is the company that \u003ca href=\"http://www.tateandlyle.com/aboutus/history/Pages/History.aspx\">introduced\u003c/a> the British Empire to the sugar cube, back in 1875. A century later, it invented sucralose, aka Splenda. \"We have a deep understanding of sweetening,\" says Michael Harrison, Tate & Lyle's vice president of new product development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, his company launched its latest gift to your sweet tooth. It's called allulose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is a rare sugar. A sugar that's found in nature,\" Harrison explains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chemically speaking, it's almost identical to ordinary sugar. It has the same chemical formula as fructose and glucose, but the atoms of hydrogen and oxygen are arranged slightly differently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that slight difference means that my body won't turn this sugar into calories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few feet from us, people are lining up to taste it, in cups of chocolate and vanilla soft serve ice cream.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I try it. It's good. Sweet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's not so unusual, of course. There are plenty of low-calorie sugar substitutes. But Harrison says most of them wouldn't work in this ice cream. Because sugar, and allulose, do more than deliver sweetness: They also keep the ice cream from freezing solid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It allows that ice cream to be soft-served. It's a smooth, creamy texture,\" Harrison says. \"It's bringing the functionality of sugar because it \u003cem>is\u003c/em> sugar.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tate & Lyle has now come up with a way to manufacture this rare sugar in large quantities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To my ears, it all sounds practically perfect. All the pleasure of sugar with none of the pain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Could this finally be a free lunch?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I called \u003ca href=\"http://ansci.illinois.edu/directory/gcfahey\">George Fahey\u003c/a>, a nutrition expert at the University of Illinois.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fahey is actually a fan of allulose. He signed off on a \u003ca href=\"http://www.fda.gov/downloads/Food/IngredientsPackagingLabeling/GRAS/NoticeInventory/UCM277372\">report\u003c/a> to the Food and Drug Administration, arguing that allulose is safe. (Relying in part on that report, the FDA \u003ca href=\"http://www.fda.gov/Food/IngredientsPackagingLabeling/GRAS/NoticeInventory/ucm319617.htm\">considers\u003c/a> allulose, also called psicose, \"generally recognized as safe.\")\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Fahey says that there's also good reason to be careful with low-calorie sugar substitutes like allulose. The same quality that makes them attractive can also make them quite unpleasant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our bodies don't digest them, he says. \"They travel right through the small intestine and get into the large bowel.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They're just dietary fiber, Fahey says. Which is good. We need more fiber. But, he says, \"the bad news is, you have to be very cautious about how much you eat of this stuff.\" Because once it goes into the large bowel, all the bacteria that live there may start feasting on it. In other words, the allulose might ferment, releasing gas and creating painful intestinal problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>UPDATE: August 25, 7:30 p.m\u003c/strong>. — Tate & Lyle tells us that this doesn't happen, at least not very much, with allulose. This particular low-calorie sugar, the company says, \"is absorbed by the small intestine and excreted in the urine without being significantly metabolized.\" According to one study, in which 14 people consumed allulose, more than two-thirds of it was excreted in the urine. The rest presumably went into the large bowel, but according to Tate & Lyle, it did not appear to be very fermentable.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Our original story continues below.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this is what happens to lactose — the sugar in milk — when people who are lactose-intolerant consume it. Lacking the lactase enzyme, they can't digest lactose. For them, lactose is, in fact, a low-calorie sugar, but eating it is not pleasant at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When we come up with a carbohydrate that excapes intestinal digestion, you have to worry a lot about what happens when it gets into the large bowel,\" says Fahey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The companies that are planning to use allulose in foods have assured the Food and Drug Administration that they won't use a lot of it. Allulose will never replace all the ordinary sugar in food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Such small amounts of allulose, they say, won't cause any problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there also could be other effects that aren't as well understood. \u003ca href=\"http://www.monell.org/faculty/people/margolskee\">Robert Margolskee\u003c/a>, director of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.monell.org/\">Monell Chemical Senses Center\u003c/a> in Philadelphia, says that when a once-rare carbohydrate like allulose enters the food supply, it could affect the living community of microbes in our gut — the so-called microbiome.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That would be another issue that one would want to know about with any of these compounds,\" Margolskee says. \"What do they do to the microbiome? And then what does that do to the person?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The effect could be positive. It could also be not so positive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few believe that effects on the microbiome could help explain a curious observation. In some \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2014/09/17/349270927/diet-soda-may-alter-our-gut-microbes-and-the-risk-of-diabetes\">studies\u003c/a>, people who ate lots of sugar and people who ate lots of low-calorie sweeteners \u003cem>both\u003c/em> seemed more prone to obesity and type II diabetes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are other theories that may also explain this. Perhaps people who've just consumed low-calorie sweeteners then feel entitled to add some additional high-caloric foods to their plate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the bottom line? No free lunch, probably.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sorry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2015 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"There's a new contender in the century-old quest for perfect, guiltless sweetness: allulose. It's sugar — but in a form that our bodies don't convert into calories. Perfect? Not quite.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1440786515,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":36,"wordCount":930},"headData":{"title":"In The Search For The Perfect Sugar Substitute, Another Candidate Emerges | KQED","description":"There's a new contender in the century-old quest for perfect, guiltless sweetness: allulose. It's sugar — but in a form that our bodies don't convert into calories. Perfect? Not quite.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"99783 http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=99783","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2015/08/28/in-the-search-for-the-perfect-sugar-substitute-another-candidate-emerges/","disqusTitle":"In The Search For The Perfect Sugar Substitute, Another Candidate Emerges","nprByline":"Dan Charles, \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/author/nprfood/\">NPR Food\u003c/a>","nprStoryId":"434597445","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=434597445&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2015/08/25/434597445/in-the-hunt-for-the-perfect-sugar-substitute-another-candidate-emerges?ft=nprml&f=434597445","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Wed, 26 Aug 2015 13:43:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Tue, 25 Aug 2015 16:22:00 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Wed, 26 Aug 2015 13:43:19 -0400","nprAudio":"http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2015/08/20150825_atc_in_the_hunt_for_the_perfect_sugar_substitute_another_candidate_emerges.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1134&d=246&p=2&story=434597445&t=progseg&e=434544653&seg=18&ft=nprml&f=434597445","nprAudioM3u":"http://api.npr.org/m3u/1434668784-edb5cf.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1134&d=246&p=2&story=434597445&t=progseg&e=434544653&seg=18&ft=nprml&f=434597445","path":"/bayareabites/99783/in-the-search-for-the-perfect-sugar-substitute-another-candidate-emerges","audioUrl":"http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2015/08/20150825_atc_in_the_hunt_for_the_perfect_sugar_substitute_another_candidate_emerges.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1134&d=246&p=2&story=434597445&t=progseg&e=434544653&seg=18&ft=nprml&f=434597445","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story on All Things Considered:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nhttp://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2015/08/20150825_atc_in_the_hunt_for_the_perfect_sugar_substitute_another_candidate_emerges.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's a new candidate in the century-old quest for perfect, guiltless sweetness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I encountered it at the annual meeting of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.am-fe.ift.org/cms/\">Institute of Food Technologists\u003c/a>, a combination of Super Bowl, Mecca, and Disneyland for the folks who put the processing in processed food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was right in the middle of the vast exhibition hall, at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.tateandlyle.com/Pages/default.aspx\">Tate & Lyle\u003c/a> booth. This is the company that \u003ca href=\"http://www.tateandlyle.com/aboutus/history/Pages/History.aspx\">introduced\u003c/a> the British Empire to the sugar cube, back in 1875. A century later, it invented sucralose, aka Splenda. \"We have a deep understanding of sweetening,\" says Michael Harrison, Tate & Lyle's vice president of new product development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, his company launched its latest gift to your sweet tooth. It's called allulose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is a rare sugar. A sugar that's found in nature,\" Harrison explains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chemically speaking, it's almost identical to ordinary sugar. It has the same chemical formula as fructose and glucose, but the atoms of hydrogen and oxygen are arranged slightly differently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that slight difference means that my body won't turn this sugar into calories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few feet from us, people are lining up to taste it, in cups of chocolate and vanilla soft serve ice cream.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I try it. It's good. Sweet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's not so unusual, of course. There are plenty of low-calorie sugar substitutes. But Harrison says most of them wouldn't work in this ice cream. Because sugar, and allulose, do more than deliver sweetness: They also keep the ice cream from freezing solid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It allows that ice cream to be soft-served. It's a smooth, creamy texture,\" Harrison says. \"It's bringing the functionality of sugar because it \u003cem>is\u003c/em> sugar.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tate & Lyle has now come up with a way to manufacture this rare sugar in large quantities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To my ears, it all sounds practically perfect. All the pleasure of sugar with none of the pain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Could this finally be a free lunch?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I called \u003ca href=\"http://ansci.illinois.edu/directory/gcfahey\">George Fahey\u003c/a>, a nutrition expert at the University of Illinois.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fahey is actually a fan of allulose. He signed off on a \u003ca href=\"http://www.fda.gov/downloads/Food/IngredientsPackagingLabeling/GRAS/NoticeInventory/UCM277372\">report\u003c/a> to the Food and Drug Administration, arguing that allulose is safe. (Relying in part on that report, the FDA \u003ca href=\"http://www.fda.gov/Food/IngredientsPackagingLabeling/GRAS/NoticeInventory/ucm319617.htm\">considers\u003c/a> allulose, also called psicose, \"generally recognized as safe.\")\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Fahey says that there's also good reason to be careful with low-calorie sugar substitutes like allulose. The same quality that makes them attractive can also make them quite unpleasant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our bodies don't digest them, he says. \"They travel right through the small intestine and get into the large bowel.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They're just dietary fiber, Fahey says. Which is good. We need more fiber. But, he says, \"the bad news is, you have to be very cautious about how much you eat of this stuff.\" Because once it goes into the large bowel, all the bacteria that live there may start feasting on it. In other words, the allulose might ferment, releasing gas and creating painful intestinal problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>UPDATE: August 25, 7:30 p.m\u003c/strong>. — Tate & Lyle tells us that this doesn't happen, at least not very much, with allulose. This particular low-calorie sugar, the company says, \"is absorbed by the small intestine and excreted in the urine without being significantly metabolized.\" According to one study, in which 14 people consumed allulose, more than two-thirds of it was excreted in the urine. The rest presumably went into the large bowel, but according to Tate & Lyle, it did not appear to be very fermentable.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Our original story continues below.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this is what happens to lactose — the sugar in milk — when people who are lactose-intolerant consume it. Lacking the lactase enzyme, they can't digest lactose. For them, lactose is, in fact, a low-calorie sugar, but eating it is not pleasant at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When we come up with a carbohydrate that excapes intestinal digestion, you have to worry a lot about what happens when it gets into the large bowel,\" says Fahey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The companies that are planning to use allulose in foods have assured the Food and Drug Administration that they won't use a lot of it. Allulose will never replace all the ordinary sugar in food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Such small amounts of allulose, they say, won't cause any problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there also could be other effects that aren't as well understood. \u003ca href=\"http://www.monell.org/faculty/people/margolskee\">Robert Margolskee\u003c/a>, director of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.monell.org/\">Monell Chemical Senses Center\u003c/a> in Philadelphia, says that when a once-rare carbohydrate like allulose enters the food supply, it could affect the living community of microbes in our gut — the so-called microbiome.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That would be another issue that one would want to know about with any of these compounds,\" Margolskee says. \"What do they do to the microbiome? And then what does that do to the person?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The effect could be positive. It could also be not so positive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few believe that effects on the microbiome could help explain a curious observation. In some \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2014/09/17/349270927/diet-soda-may-alter-our-gut-microbes-and-the-risk-of-diabetes\">studies\u003c/a>, people who ate lots of sugar and people who ate lots of low-calorie sweeteners \u003cem>both\u003c/em> seemed more prone to obesity and type II diabetes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are other theories that may also explain this. Perhaps people who've just consumed low-calorie sweeteners then feel entitled to add some additional high-caloric foods to their plate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the bottom line? No free lunch, probably.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sorry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2015 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/99783/in-the-search-for-the-perfect-sugar-substitute-another-candidate-emerges","authors":["byline_bayareabites_99783"],"categories":["bayareabites_4084","bayareabites_1245","bayareabites_12555","bayareabites_10916","bayareabites_2035","bayareabites_34","bayareabites_358"],"tags":["bayareabites_14732","bayareabites_663","bayareabites_2613","bayareabites_511","bayareabites_14733"],"featImg":"bayareabites_99784","label":"bayareabites"},"bayareabites_98425":{"type":"posts","id":"bayareabites_98425","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"bayareabites","id":"98425","score":null,"sort":[1437755754000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"even-if-youre-lean-1-soda-per-day-ups-your-risk-of-diabetes","title":"Even If You're Lean, 1 Soda Per Day Ups Your Risk Of Diabetes","publishDate":1437755754,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Bay Area Bites | KQED Food","labelTerm":{"site":"bayareabites"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story on All Things Considered:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nhttp://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2015/07/20150723_atc_even_if_youre_lean_one_soda_per_day_ups_risk_of_diabetes.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's true that being overweight or obese is a leading risk factor for developing Type 2 diabetes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But attention, skinny and normal-weight people: You may be vulnerable, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lots of lifestyle choices influence the risk of diabetes: everything from whether you smoke to how much you exercise (or don't). It turns out, what you choose to drink is also a risk factor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A new \u003ca href=\"http://www.bmj.com/content/351/bmj.h3576\">study\u003c/a> published in the \u003cem>British Medical Journal\u003c/em> finds that people in the habit of drinking one sugar-sweetened beverage — such as a soda or sweetened tea — every day had an 18 percent increased risk of developing the disease over a decade. That's compared with people who steer clear of sugary beverages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers reached this estimate by pooling data from 17 previously published studies that had evaluated the link between sugary drinks and diabetes risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And here's what upends conventional thinking: After the researchers adjusted their estimates for body weight, they found that — even for thin or normal-weight people — one sugary drink per day was associated with a 13 percent increased risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So even if people are lean, if they continue consuming sugar-sweetened beverages, they have a greater likelihood of developing Type 2 diabetes,\" study author \u003ca href=\"http://www.mrc-epid.cam.ac.uk/people/fumiaki-imamura\">Fumiaki Imamura\u003c/a>, of the University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, told us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The studies he looked at were observational, so they can't prove cause and effect. But the link between sugary drinks and diabetes is solid, since researchers say they understand the biological mechanisms of how too much sugar can overwork the endocrine system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As we've\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2014/09/25/351244903/sayonara-to-super-size-me-food-companies-cut-calories-so-do-we\"> reported\u003c/a>, big soda companies including Coca-Cola and Pepsi have agreed to market more water and low-calorie beverages. And they've \u003ca href=\"http://www.ameribev.org/news-media/news-releases-statements/more/334/\">pledged\u003c/a> to cut back on portions, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it's not clear that making a switch to diet drinks leads to any advantage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new BMJ study also points toward an association between artificially sweetened drinks and a higher risk of diabetes, as well as fruit juices, but the evidence wasn't strong enough to make a solid conclusion. The authors say that these drinks \"seemed not to be healthy options for the prevention of Type 2 diabetes.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is not the first study to come to point to the \"diet-soda paradox.\" As we've reported, the\u003ca href=\"http://uthscsa.edu/hscnews/singleformat2.asp?newID=1539\"> San Antonio Heart Study\u003c/a> found a significant link between diet soda consumption and weight gain over time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's tricky to unravel. \"People gaining excessive weight might switch to diet drinks and still get diabetes because of their other risk factors,\" explains David Ludwig, director of the New Balance Foundation Obesity Prevention Center at Boston Children's Hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers who published the paper estimate that, if Americans gave up their daily sugary drink habit, 2 million cases of diabetes could be prevented by 2020 — \"so potentially, millions of cases of diabetes [prevented] as the result of this one behavior,\" Ludwig says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's something to consider the next time you feel thirsty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The soda industry responded to the findings of the BMJ paper with a statement \u003ca href=\"http://www.ameribev.org/news-media/news-releases-statements/more/360/\">saying\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\n\u003cp>\"The authors of this study acknowledge their findings do not show drinking beverages of any type causes chronic disease. Even so, our industry is committed to being part of real solutions to public health challenges.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2015 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A daily habit of sugary-sweetened drinks can boost your risk of developing the disease — even if you're not overweight. And diet soda might not be doing you any favors, either.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1437755754,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":21,"wordCount":580},"headData":{"title":"Even If You're Lean, 1 Soda Per Day Ups Your Risk Of Diabetes | KQED","description":"A daily habit of sugary-sweetened drinks can boost your risk of developing the disease — even if you're not overweight. And diet soda might not be doing you any favors, either.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"98425 http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=98425","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2015/07/24/even-if-youre-lean-1-soda-per-day-ups-your-risk-of-diabetes/","disqusTitle":"Even If You're Lean, 1 Soda Per Day Ups Your Risk Of Diabetes","nprByline":"Allison Aubrey, \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/author/nprfood/\">NPR Food\u003c/a>","nprStoryId":"425635400","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=425635400&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2015/07/23/425635400/even-if-youre-lean-1-soda-per-day-ups-your-risk-of-diabetes?ft=nprml&f=425635400","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Thu, 23 Jul 2015 18:59:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Thu, 23 Jul 2015 16:26:00 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Thu, 23 Jul 2015 18:59:59 -0400","nprAudio":"http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2015/07/20150723_atc_even_if_youre_lean_one_soda_per_day_ups_risk_of_diabetes.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1134&d=127&p=2&story=425635400&t=progseg&e=425654347&seg=18&ft=nprml&f=425635400","nprAudioM3u":"http://api.npr.org/m3u/1425654534-ed14f4.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1134&d=127&p=2&story=425635400&t=progseg&e=425654347&seg=18&ft=nprml&f=425635400","path":"/bayareabites/98425/even-if-youre-lean-1-soda-per-day-ups-your-risk-of-diabetes","audioUrl":"http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2015/07/20150723_atc_even_if_youre_lean_one_soda_per_day_ups_risk_of_diabetes.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1134&d=127&p=2&story=425635400&t=progseg&e=425654347&seg=18&ft=nprml&f=425635400","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story on All Things Considered:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nhttp://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2015/07/20150723_atc_even_if_youre_lean_one_soda_per_day_ups_risk_of_diabetes.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's true that being overweight or obese is a leading risk factor for developing Type 2 diabetes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But attention, skinny and normal-weight people: You may be vulnerable, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lots of lifestyle choices influence the risk of diabetes: everything from whether you smoke to how much you exercise (or don't). It turns out, what you choose to drink is also a risk factor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A new \u003ca href=\"http://www.bmj.com/content/351/bmj.h3576\">study\u003c/a> published in the \u003cem>British Medical Journal\u003c/em> finds that people in the habit of drinking one sugar-sweetened beverage — such as a soda or sweetened tea — every day had an 18 percent increased risk of developing the disease over a decade. That's compared with people who steer clear of sugary beverages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers reached this estimate by pooling data from 17 previously published studies that had evaluated the link between sugary drinks and diabetes risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And here's what upends conventional thinking: After the researchers adjusted their estimates for body weight, they found that — even for thin or normal-weight people — one sugary drink per day was associated with a 13 percent increased risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So even if people are lean, if they continue consuming sugar-sweetened beverages, they have a greater likelihood of developing Type 2 diabetes,\" study author \u003ca href=\"http://www.mrc-epid.cam.ac.uk/people/fumiaki-imamura\">Fumiaki Imamura\u003c/a>, of the University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, told us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The studies he looked at were observational, so they can't prove cause and effect. But the link between sugary drinks and diabetes is solid, since researchers say they understand the biological mechanisms of how too much sugar can overwork the endocrine system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As we've\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2014/09/25/351244903/sayonara-to-super-size-me-food-companies-cut-calories-so-do-we\"> reported\u003c/a>, big soda companies including Coca-Cola and Pepsi have agreed to market more water and low-calorie beverages. And they've \u003ca href=\"http://www.ameribev.org/news-media/news-releases-statements/more/334/\">pledged\u003c/a> to cut back on portions, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it's not clear that making a switch to diet drinks leads to any advantage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new BMJ study also points toward an association between artificially sweetened drinks and a higher risk of diabetes, as well as fruit juices, but the evidence wasn't strong enough to make a solid conclusion. The authors say that these drinks \"seemed not to be healthy options for the prevention of Type 2 diabetes.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is not the first study to come to point to the \"diet-soda paradox.\" As we've reported, the\u003ca href=\"http://uthscsa.edu/hscnews/singleformat2.asp?newID=1539\"> San Antonio Heart Study\u003c/a> found a significant link between diet soda consumption and weight gain over time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's tricky to unravel. \"People gaining excessive weight might switch to diet drinks and still get diabetes because of their other risk factors,\" explains David Ludwig, director of the New Balance Foundation Obesity Prevention Center at Boston Children's Hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers who published the paper estimate that, if Americans gave up their daily sugary drink habit, 2 million cases of diabetes could be prevented by 2020 — \"so potentially, millions of cases of diabetes [prevented] as the result of this one behavior,\" Ludwig says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's something to consider the next time you feel thirsty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The soda industry responded to the findings of the BMJ paper with a statement \u003ca href=\"http://www.ameribev.org/news-media/news-releases-statements/more/360/\">saying\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\n\u003cp>\"The authors of this study acknowledge their findings do not show drinking beverages of any type causes chronic disease. Even so, our industry is committed to being part of real solutions to public health challenges.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2015 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/98425/even-if-youre-lean-1-soda-per-day-ups-your-risk-of-diabetes","authors":["byline_bayareabites_98425"],"categories":["bayareabites_1245","bayareabites_10916"],"tags":["bayareabites_14663","bayareabites_2613","bayareabites_14662","bayareabites_14781","bayareabites_11854","bayareabites_11419"],"featImg":"bayareabites_98426","label":"bayareabites"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. 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Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. 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But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.","airtime":"THU 10pm, FRI 1am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Commonwealth Club of California"},"link":"/radio/program/commonwealth-club","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"}},"considerthis":{"id":"considerthis","title":"Consider This","tagline":"Make sense of the day","info":"Make sense of the day. Every weekday afternoon, Consider This helps you consider the major stories of the day in less than 15 minutes, featuring the reporting and storytelling resources of NPR. Plus, KQED’s Bianca Taylor brings you the local KQED news you need to know.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Consider-This-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"Consider This from NPR and KQED","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/considerthis","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"7"},"link":"/podcasts/considerthis","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1503226625?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/coronavirusdaily","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM1NS9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbA","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3Z6JdCS2d0eFEpXHKI6WqH"}},"forum":{"id":"forum","title":"Forum","tagline":"The conversation starts here","info":"KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal","officialWebsiteLink":"/forum","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"8"},"link":"/forum","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-forum/id73329719","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432307980/forum","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-forum-podcast","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9557381633"}},"freakonomics-radio":{"id":"freakonomics-radio","title":"Freakonomics Radio","info":"Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. 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