How Mass-Produced Meat Turned Phosphorus Into Pollution
Industrial Meat Bad, Small Farm Good? It's Not So Simple
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https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/Cagle_CivilEats_meat14-15-700px-240x431.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/Cagle_CivilEats_meat14-15-700px-375x674.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/Cagle_CivilEats_meat14-15-700px-520x935.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-117927\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/Cagle_CivilEats_meat16-17new-700px.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"700\" height=\"1644\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/Cagle_CivilEats_meat16-17new-700px.jpg 700w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/Cagle_CivilEats_meat16-17new-700px-160x376.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/Cagle_CivilEats_meat16-17new-700px-240x564.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/Cagle_CivilEats_meat16-17new-700px-375x881.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/Cagle_CivilEats_meat16-17new-700px-520x1221.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-117928\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/Cagle_CivilEats_meat18-700px.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"700\" height=\"564\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/Cagle_CivilEats_meat18-700px.jpg 700w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/Cagle_CivilEats_meat18-700px-160x129.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/Cagle_CivilEats_meat18-700px-240x193.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/Cagle_CivilEats_meat18-700px-375x302.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/Cagle_CivilEats_meat18-700px-520x419.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-117929\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/Cagle_CivilEats_meat19new-700px.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"700\" height=\"680\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/Cagle_CivilEats_meat19new-700px.jpg 700w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/Cagle_CivilEats_meat19new-700px-160x155.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/Cagle_CivilEats_meat19new-700px-240x233.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/Cagle_CivilEats_meat19new-700px-375x364.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/Cagle_CivilEats_meat19new-700px-520x505.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/Cagle_CivilEats_meat19new-700px-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/Cagle_CivilEats_meat19new-700px-50x50.jpg 50w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-117930\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/Cagle_CivilEats_meat20-700px.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"700\" height=\"674\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/Cagle_CivilEats_meat20-700px.jpg 700w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/Cagle_CivilEats_meat20-700px-160x154.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/Cagle_CivilEats_meat20-700px-240x231.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/Cagle_CivilEats_meat20-700px-375x361.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/Cagle_CivilEats_meat20-700px-520x501.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/Cagle_CivilEats_meat20-700px-32x32.jpg 32w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>FURTHER READING AND DATA SOURCES\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nationalchickencouncil.org/about-the-industry/statistics/per-capita-consumption-of-poultry-and-livestock-1965-to-estimated-2012-in-pounds/\">American poultry and livestock consumption through history\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nrdc.org/sites/default/files/less-beef-less-carbon-ip.pdf\">The Natural Resources Defense Council’s meat-eating study\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.worldwatch.org/node/6294\">The climate price of meat production\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://chartsbin.com/view/12730\">The growing demand for meat products worldwide\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.boell.de/sites/default/files/meat_atlas2014_kommentierbar.pdf\">The Meat Atlas 2014\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://data.oecd.org/agroutput/meat-consumption.htm\">OECD’s global per-capita meat consumption data\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/maps-and-graphics/world-according-to-meat-consumption/\">The Nation that Eats the Least Meat per Capita\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://factoryfarmmap.org/#animal:all;location:US;year:2012\">The concentration of animal agriculture in the U.S.\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.thedodo.com/bigger-chickens-breed-select-754013461.html\">Average farmed chicken size\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.takepart.com/article/2015/10/13/china-meat-consumption\">The Chinese government’s unease over the country’s shifting meat-eating habits\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://fusion.net/story/317473/china-wants-to-cut-meat-eating-in-half/\">China wants to cut meat-eating in half\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/21/dining/beef-consumption-emissions.html\">The real reasons why Americans are cutting back on their meat consumption\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2016/02/26/465431695/eat-less-meat-were-told-but-americans-habits-are-slow-to-change\">Eat Less Meat, We’re Told. But Americans’ Habits Are Slow To Change\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.aspca.org/animal-protection/public-policy/ag-gag-legislation-state\">Ag-gag laws across the country\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.fao.org/soils-portal/soil-management/soil-carbon-sequestration/en/\">The largely untapped promise of carbon farming\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.marincarbonproject.org/carbon-farming/carbon-farm-plans\">Carbon Farm plans\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>And the bad news: \u003ca href=\"https://www.ers.usda.gov/amber-waves/2016/september/us-beef-and-pork-consumption-projected-to-rebound/\">American meat-eating is likely to rebound from its modest dip\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Industrial agriculture is reshaping the world, from our atmosphere to our dinner plates. Familiarize yourself with the current landscape: Meet your meats.\r\n\r\n","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1496498075,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":4,"wordCount":175},"headData":{"title":"Eat Less Meat: A Small Change with a Big Impact | KQED","description":"Industrial agriculture is reshaping the world, from our atmosphere to our dinner plates. Familiarize yourself with the current landscape: Meet your meats.\r\n\r\n","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"117913 https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=117913","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2017/06/03/eat-less-meat-a-small-change-with-a-big-impact/","disqusTitle":"Eat Less Meat: A Small Change with a Big Impact","nprByline":"\u003ca href=\"http://civileats.com/author/scagle/\">Susie Cagle\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/author/civileat/\">Civil Eats\u003c/a>","path":"/bayareabites/117913/eat-less-meat-a-small-change-with-a-big-impact","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Industrial agriculture is reshaping the world, from our atmosphere to our dinner plates. Familiarize yourself with the current landscape: Meet your meats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-117917\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/Cagle_CivilEats_meat1new-700px.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"700\" height=\"2291\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/Cagle_CivilEats_meat1new-700px.jpg 700w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/Cagle_CivilEats_meat1new-700px-160x524.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/Cagle_CivilEats_meat1new-700px-240x785.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/Cagle_CivilEats_meat1new-700px-375x1227.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/Cagle_CivilEats_meat1new-700px-520x1702.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\">\u003cbr>\n\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-117918\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/Cagle_CivilEats_meat2-700px.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"700\" height=\"440\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/Cagle_CivilEats_meat2-700px.jpg 700w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/Cagle_CivilEats_meat2-700px-160x101.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/Cagle_CivilEats_meat2-700px-240x151.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/Cagle_CivilEats_meat2-700px-375x236.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/Cagle_CivilEats_meat2-700px-520x327.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\">\u003cbr>\n\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-117919\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/Cagle_CivilEats_meat3-4-700px.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"700\" height=\"876\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/Cagle_CivilEats_meat3-4-700px.jpg 700w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/Cagle_CivilEats_meat3-4-700px-160x200.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/Cagle_CivilEats_meat3-4-700px-240x300.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/Cagle_CivilEats_meat3-4-700px-375x469.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/Cagle_CivilEats_meat3-4-700px-520x651.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-117920\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/Cagle_CivilEats_meat5-700px.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"700\" height=\"616\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/Cagle_CivilEats_meat5-700px.jpg 700w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/Cagle_CivilEats_meat5-700px-160x141.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/Cagle_CivilEats_meat5-700px-240x211.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/Cagle_CivilEats_meat5-700px-375x330.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/Cagle_CivilEats_meat5-700px-520x458.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-117921\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/Cagle_CivilEats_meat6-7-8-700px.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"700\" height=\"1324\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/Cagle_CivilEats_meat6-7-8-700px.jpg 700w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/Cagle_CivilEats_meat6-7-8-700px-160x303.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/Cagle_CivilEats_meat6-7-8-700px-240x454.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/Cagle_CivilEats_meat6-7-8-700px-375x709.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/Cagle_CivilEats_meat6-7-8-700px-520x984.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-117922\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/Cagle_CivilEats_meat9-700px.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"700\" height=\"663\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/Cagle_CivilEats_meat9-700px.jpg 700w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/Cagle_CivilEats_meat9-700px-160x152.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/Cagle_CivilEats_meat9-700px-240x227.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/Cagle_CivilEats_meat9-700px-375x355.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/Cagle_CivilEats_meat9-700px-520x493.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-117923\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/Cagle_CivilEats_meat10-700px.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"700\" height=\"784\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/Cagle_CivilEats_meat10-700px.jpg 700w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/Cagle_CivilEats_meat10-700px-160x179.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/Cagle_CivilEats_meat10-700px-240x269.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/Cagle_CivilEats_meat10-700px-375x420.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/Cagle_CivilEats_meat10-700px-520x582.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-117924\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/Cagle_CivilEats_meat11.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"700\" height=\"937\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-117925\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/Cagle_CivilEats_meat12-13new-700px.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"700\" height=\"1535\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/Cagle_CivilEats_meat12-13new-700px.jpg 700w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/Cagle_CivilEats_meat12-13new-700px-160x351.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/Cagle_CivilEats_meat12-13new-700px-240x526.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/Cagle_CivilEats_meat12-13new-700px-375x822.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/Cagle_CivilEats_meat12-13new-700px-520x1140.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-117926\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/Cagle_CivilEats_meat14-15-700px.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"700\" height=\"1258\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/Cagle_CivilEats_meat14-15-700px.jpg 700w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/Cagle_CivilEats_meat14-15-700px-160x288.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/Cagle_CivilEats_meat14-15-700px-240x431.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/Cagle_CivilEats_meat14-15-700px-375x674.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/Cagle_CivilEats_meat14-15-700px-520x935.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-117927\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/Cagle_CivilEats_meat16-17new-700px.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"700\" height=\"1644\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/Cagle_CivilEats_meat16-17new-700px.jpg 700w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/Cagle_CivilEats_meat16-17new-700px-160x376.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/Cagle_CivilEats_meat16-17new-700px-240x564.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/Cagle_CivilEats_meat16-17new-700px-375x881.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/Cagle_CivilEats_meat16-17new-700px-520x1221.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-117928\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/Cagle_CivilEats_meat18-700px.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"700\" height=\"564\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/Cagle_CivilEats_meat18-700px.jpg 700w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/Cagle_CivilEats_meat18-700px-160x129.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/Cagle_CivilEats_meat18-700px-240x193.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/Cagle_CivilEats_meat18-700px-375x302.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/Cagle_CivilEats_meat18-700px-520x419.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-117929\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/Cagle_CivilEats_meat19new-700px.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"700\" height=\"680\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/Cagle_CivilEats_meat19new-700px.jpg 700w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/Cagle_CivilEats_meat19new-700px-160x155.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/Cagle_CivilEats_meat19new-700px-240x233.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/Cagle_CivilEats_meat19new-700px-375x364.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/Cagle_CivilEats_meat19new-700px-520x505.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/Cagle_CivilEats_meat19new-700px-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/Cagle_CivilEats_meat19new-700px-50x50.jpg 50w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-117930\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/Cagle_CivilEats_meat20-700px.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"700\" height=\"674\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/Cagle_CivilEats_meat20-700px.jpg 700w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/Cagle_CivilEats_meat20-700px-160x154.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/Cagle_CivilEats_meat20-700px-240x231.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/Cagle_CivilEats_meat20-700px-375x361.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/Cagle_CivilEats_meat20-700px-520x501.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/Cagle_CivilEats_meat20-700px-32x32.jpg 32w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>FURTHER READING AND DATA SOURCES\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nationalchickencouncil.org/about-the-industry/statistics/per-capita-consumption-of-poultry-and-livestock-1965-to-estimated-2012-in-pounds/\">American poultry and livestock consumption through history\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nrdc.org/sites/default/files/less-beef-less-carbon-ip.pdf\">The Natural Resources Defense Council’s meat-eating study\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.worldwatch.org/node/6294\">The climate price of meat production\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://chartsbin.com/view/12730\">The growing demand for meat products worldwide\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.boell.de/sites/default/files/meat_atlas2014_kommentierbar.pdf\">The Meat Atlas 2014\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://data.oecd.org/agroutput/meat-consumption.htm\">OECD’s global per-capita meat consumption data\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/maps-and-graphics/world-according-to-meat-consumption/\">The Nation that Eats the Least Meat per Capita\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://factoryfarmmap.org/#animal:all;location:US;year:2012\">The concentration of animal agriculture in the U.S.\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.thedodo.com/bigger-chickens-breed-select-754013461.html\">Average farmed chicken size\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.takepart.com/article/2015/10/13/china-meat-consumption\">The Chinese government’s unease over the country’s shifting meat-eating habits\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://fusion.net/story/317473/china-wants-to-cut-meat-eating-in-half/\">China wants to cut meat-eating in half\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/21/dining/beef-consumption-emissions.html\">The real reasons why Americans are cutting back on their meat consumption\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2016/02/26/465431695/eat-less-meat-were-told-but-americans-habits-are-slow-to-change\">Eat Less Meat, We’re Told. But Americans’ Habits Are Slow To Change\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.aspca.org/animal-protection/public-policy/ag-gag-legislation-state\">Ag-gag laws across the country\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.fao.org/soils-portal/soil-management/soil-carbon-sequestration/en/\">The largely untapped promise of carbon farming\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.marincarbonproject.org/carbon-farming/carbon-farm-plans\">Carbon Farm plans\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>And the bad news: \u003ca href=\"https://www.ers.usda.gov/amber-waves/2016/september/us-beef-and-pork-consumption-projected-to-rebound/\">American meat-eating is likely to rebound from its modest dip\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/117913/eat-less-meat-a-small-change-with-a-big-impact","authors":["byline_bayareabites_117913"],"categories":["bayareabites_1874","bayareabites_11028","bayareabites_10028","bayareabites_4084","bayareabites_2035","bayareabites_60"],"tags":["bayareabites_12807","bayareabites_243"],"featImg":"bayareabites_117931","label":"bayareabites"},"bayareabites_75910":{"type":"posts","id":"bayareabites_75910","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"bayareabites","id":"75910","score":null,"sort":[1388696937000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"how-mass-produced-meat-turned-phosphorus-into-pollution","title":"How Mass-Produced Meat Turned Phosphorus Into Pollution","publishDate":1388696937,"format":"aside","headTitle":"Bay Area Bites | KQED Food","labelTerm":{"site":"bayareabites"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_75911\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/01/carp-water_wide-67798d857f70288e304d7c6a0b07a9eb0bffbe60-e1388696447944.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/01/carp-water_wide-67798d857f70288e304d7c6a0b07a9eb0bffbe60-e1388696447944.jpg\" alt=\"A dead carp floats in water near the shore at Big Creek State Park on Sept. 10 in Polk City, Iowa. Like many agricultural states, Iowa is working with the EPA to enforce clean-water regulations amid degradation from manure spills and farm-field runoff. Photo: Charlie Neibergall/AP\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-75911\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A dead carp floats in water near the shore at Big Creek State Park on Sept. 10 in Polk City, Iowa. Like many agricultural states, Iowa is working with the EPA to enforce clean-water regulations amid degradation from manure spills and farm-field runoff. Photo: Charlie Neibergall/AP\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story\u003c/strong> on \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/01/02/257393870/how-mass-produced-meat-turned-phosphorus-into-pollution\">Morning Edition\u003c/a> [audio src=\"http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2014/01/20140102_me_phosphorus_piles_up.mp3\"] \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Post by \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/143160021/daniel-charles\">Dan Charles\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/01/02/257393870/how-mass-produced-meat-turned-phosphorus-into-pollution\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (1/2/14)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's a quandary of food production: The same drive for efficiency that lowers the cost of eating also can damage our soil and water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take the case of one simple, essential chemical element: phosphorus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Phosphorus is one of the nutrients that plants need to grow, and for most of human history, farmers always needed more of it. \"There was this battle to have enough available phosphorus for optimum crop production,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.agnr.umd.edu/directory/Bio.cfm?ID=kstaver\">Kenneth Staver\u003c/a>, a scientist with the University of Maryland's Wye Research and Education Center, which sits between farm fields and the Chesapeake Bay on Maryland's Eastern Shore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's also the tension in this story: agriculture on one side, and water quality on the other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Traditionally, farmers got phosphorus from animal manure. So if you grew crops like corn or wheat, it was good to have poultry or hogs nearby. Your grain fed the animals, and their manure fed your crops. Everything worked together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then came industrial fertilizer: big phosphorus mines; factories for making the other important nutrient, nitrogen; and railroads or highways to carry that fertilizer to any farmer who needed it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"With the development of the inorganic fertilizer industry, it's possible to grow grain without having animals nearby. So you can decouple the animal agriculture from the grain agriculture,\" Staver says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And decouple they did. Farmers concentrated on just one kind of production. So did entire \u003ca href=\"http://www.nationalchickencouncil.org/about-the-industry/statistics/top-broiler-producing-states/\">regions\u003c/a>. Georgia, Arkansas and Alabama, for instance, now produce the largest number of chickens — more than a billion of them every year. But they don't grow much chicken feed. They haul in grain from far away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As that grain flows from fields to chicken houses, or hog farms, so do the nutrients in it, such as phosphorus and nitrogen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of it goes into meat that people eat, but a lot goes into animal waste.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is where the problem starts. Farmers near those chicken houses or hog farms often take lots of that manure and spread it on their fields, partly just to get rid of it and partly for its value as fertilizer. Crops, however, need much more nitrogen than phosphorus. When farmers use manure to give their crops an optimal amount of nitrogen, they oversupply phosphorus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is happening everywhere,\" Staver says. \"Where you have large concentrations of animal production, you tend to have a buildup of nutrients — phosphorus is the one that accumulates — in soils around concentrated animal-producing regions.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wherever it accumulates, rain washes it into streams, lakes and estuaries, where it's an ecological disaster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It drives algae growth, so it ends up clouding the water. You don't get the light penetration to support the rooted aquatic plants that are important in the food chain,\" Staver says. \"You also get these algae blooms, and when they die, they draw oxygen from the water. You get dead zones.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In many places, environmental regulators are trying to stop this buildup of phosphorus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until recently, it \u003ca href=\"http://mda.maryland.gov/documents/ag_brief/agbrief_pmt_092013.pdf\">looked like\u003c/a> Maryland was taking the lead. The state has a big poultry industry right beside the Chesapeake Bay, which has been choked with nutrient pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, Maryland proposed new rules that would have stopped farmers from putting more phosphorus on any fields that already have too much of it. It required soil tests to determine a key phosphorus index number.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lee Richardson, a farmer in Willards, Md., was worried. \"The word we were getting — if [your fields] were over 150, you weren't going to spread manure,\" he says. Most of his fields are over that level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The manure ban would have hit him two different ways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, he grows chickens; if their manure couldn't go on his fields, it would have to go somewhere else. \"Chances are, growers were going to have to pay to get it hauled away and taken out of the chicken house,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Second, his corn fields still need nitrogen. Without manure as a nitrogen source, he'd have to buy the manufactured kind of fertilizer, which is more expensive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Richardson and other farmers protested, arguing that the new rules would inflict huge economic harm, while the environmental benefits are uncertain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In November, the state of Maryland \u003ca href=\"http://news.maryland.gov/mda/press-release/2013/11/15/mda-withdraws-phosphorus-management-tool-regulations-department-to-consider-comments-and-resubmit-regulations/\">backed down\u003c/a>. It promised to study the issue some more. Kenneth Staver, from the University of Maryland, says it's not that hard to imagine a solution to the problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The obvious one is, find a way to redistribute the phosphorus from the animal production facilities back to where the crop production is,\" he says. The manure would have to travel to the vast fields that farmers currently fertilize with fresh, mined phosphorus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hauling manure such distances would cost money. Staver says it's the price of cleaner, healthier water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If farmers have to pay that cost, growing chickens or hogs will get more expensive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then we, the consumers, would pay for it, through more expensive meat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Phosphorus is one of the nutrients that plants need to grow, and for most of human history, farmers always needed more of it. But excess phosphorus, either from manure or manufactured fertilizer, can run off into streams and lakes and become an ecological disaster.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1388696971,"stats":{"hasAudio":true,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":32,"wordCount":909},"headData":{"title":"How Mass-Produced Meat Turned Phosphorus Into Pollution | KQED","description":"Phosphorus is one of the nutrients that plants need to grow, and for most of human history, farmers always needed more of it. But excess phosphorus, either from manure or manufactured fertilizer, can run off into streams and lakes and become an ecological disaster.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"75910 http://blogs.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=75910","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2014/01/02/how-mass-produced-meat-turned-phosphorus-into-pollution/","disqusTitle":"How Mass-Produced Meat Turned Phosphorus Into Pollution","nprByline":"Dan Charles","nprStoryId":"257393870","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=257393870&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/01/02/257393870/how-mass-produced-meat-turned-phosphorus-into-pollution?ft=3&f=257393870","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Thu, 02 Jan 2014 10:27:00 -0500","nprStoryDate":"Thu, 02 Jan 2014 00:00:00 -0500","nprLastModifiedDate":"Thu, 02 Jan 2014 10:27:17 -0500","nprAudio":"http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2014/01/20140102_me_phosphorus_piles_up.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1025&ft=3&f=257393870","nprAudioM3u":"http://api.npr.org/m3u/1259088883-0b8492.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1025&ft=3&f=257393870","path":"/bayareabites/75910/how-mass-produced-meat-turned-phosphorus-into-pollution","audioUrl":"http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2014/01/20140102_me_phosphorus_piles_up.mp3","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_75911\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/01/carp-water_wide-67798d857f70288e304d7c6a0b07a9eb0bffbe60-e1388696447944.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/01/carp-water_wide-67798d857f70288e304d7c6a0b07a9eb0bffbe60-e1388696447944.jpg\" alt=\"A dead carp floats in water near the shore at Big Creek State Park on Sept. 10 in Polk City, Iowa. Like many agricultural states, Iowa is working with the EPA to enforce clean-water regulations amid degradation from manure spills and farm-field runoff. Photo: Charlie Neibergall/AP\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-75911\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A dead carp floats in water near the shore at Big Creek State Park on Sept. 10 in Polk City, Iowa. Like many agricultural states, Iowa is working with the EPA to enforce clean-water regulations amid degradation from manure spills and farm-field runoff. Photo: Charlie Neibergall/AP\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story\u003c/strong> on \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/01/02/257393870/how-mass-produced-meat-turned-phosphorus-into-pollution\">Morning Edition\u003c/a> \u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"audio","attributes":{"named":{"src":"http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2014/01/20140102_me_phosphorus_piles_up.mp3","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Post by \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/143160021/daniel-charles\">Dan Charles\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/01/02/257393870/how-mass-produced-meat-turned-phosphorus-into-pollution\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (1/2/14)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's a quandary of food production: The same drive for efficiency that lowers the cost of eating also can damage our soil and water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take the case of one simple, essential chemical element: phosphorus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Phosphorus is one of the nutrients that plants need to grow, and for most of human history, farmers always needed more of it. \"There was this battle to have enough available phosphorus for optimum crop production,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.agnr.umd.edu/directory/Bio.cfm?ID=kstaver\">Kenneth Staver\u003c/a>, a scientist with the University of Maryland's Wye Research and Education Center, which sits between farm fields and the Chesapeake Bay on Maryland's Eastern Shore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's also the tension in this story: agriculture on one side, and water quality on the other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Traditionally, farmers got phosphorus from animal manure. So if you grew crops like corn or wheat, it was good to have poultry or hogs nearby. Your grain fed the animals, and their manure fed your crops. Everything worked together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then came industrial fertilizer: big phosphorus mines; factories for making the other important nutrient, nitrogen; and railroads or highways to carry that fertilizer to any farmer who needed it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"With the development of the inorganic fertilizer industry, it's possible to grow grain without having animals nearby. So you can decouple the animal agriculture from the grain agriculture,\" Staver says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And decouple they did. Farmers concentrated on just one kind of production. So did entire \u003ca href=\"http://www.nationalchickencouncil.org/about-the-industry/statistics/top-broiler-producing-states/\">regions\u003c/a>. Georgia, Arkansas and Alabama, for instance, now produce the largest number of chickens — more than a billion of them every year. But they don't grow much chicken feed. They haul in grain from far away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As that grain flows from fields to chicken houses, or hog farms, so do the nutrients in it, such as phosphorus and nitrogen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of it goes into meat that people eat, but a lot goes into animal waste.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is where the problem starts. Farmers near those chicken houses or hog farms often take lots of that manure and spread it on their fields, partly just to get rid of it and partly for its value as fertilizer. Crops, however, need much more nitrogen than phosphorus. When farmers use manure to give their crops an optimal amount of nitrogen, they oversupply phosphorus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is happening everywhere,\" Staver says. \"Where you have large concentrations of animal production, you tend to have a buildup of nutrients — phosphorus is the one that accumulates — in soils around concentrated animal-producing regions.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wherever it accumulates, rain washes it into streams, lakes and estuaries, where it's an ecological disaster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It drives algae growth, so it ends up clouding the water. You don't get the light penetration to support the rooted aquatic plants that are important in the food chain,\" Staver says. \"You also get these algae blooms, and when they die, they draw oxygen from the water. You get dead zones.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In many places, environmental regulators are trying to stop this buildup of phosphorus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until recently, it \u003ca href=\"http://mda.maryland.gov/documents/ag_brief/agbrief_pmt_092013.pdf\">looked like\u003c/a> Maryland was taking the lead. The state has a big poultry industry right beside the Chesapeake Bay, which has been choked with nutrient pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, Maryland proposed new rules that would have stopped farmers from putting more phosphorus on any fields that already have too much of it. It required soil tests to determine a key phosphorus index number.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lee Richardson, a farmer in Willards, Md., was worried. \"The word we were getting — if [your fields] were over 150, you weren't going to spread manure,\" he says. Most of his fields are over that level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The manure ban would have hit him two different ways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, he grows chickens; if their manure couldn't go on his fields, it would have to go somewhere else. \"Chances are, growers were going to have to pay to get it hauled away and taken out of the chicken house,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Second, his corn fields still need nitrogen. Without manure as a nitrogen source, he'd have to buy the manufactured kind of fertilizer, which is more expensive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Richardson and other farmers protested, arguing that the new rules would inflict huge economic harm, while the environmental benefits are uncertain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In November, the state of Maryland \u003ca href=\"http://news.maryland.gov/mda/press-release/2013/11/15/mda-withdraws-phosphorus-management-tool-regulations-department-to-consider-comments-and-resubmit-regulations/\">backed down\u003c/a>. It promised to study the issue some more. Kenneth Staver, from the University of Maryland, says it's not that hard to imagine a solution to the problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The obvious one is, find a way to redistribute the phosphorus from the animal production facilities back to where the crop production is,\" he says. The manure would have to travel to the vast fields that farmers currently fertilize with fresh, mined phosphorus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hauling manure such distances would cost money. Staver says it's the price of cleaner, healthier water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If farmers have to pay that cost, growing chickens or hogs will get more expensive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then we, the consumers, would pay for it, through more expensive meat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/75910/how-mass-produced-meat-turned-phosphorus-into-pollution","authors":["byline_bayareabites_75910"],"categories":["bayareabites_1245","bayareabites_10916","bayareabites_2035","bayareabites_34","bayareabites_60"],"tags":["bayareabites_129","bayareabites_11270","bayareabites_12866","bayareabites_12807","bayareabites_12868","bayareabites_12865","bayareabites_12864","bayareabites_12790","bayareabites_10921","bayareabites_12867"],"featImg":"bayareabites_75911","label":"bayareabites"},"bayareabites_75219":{"type":"posts","id":"bayareabites_75219","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"bayareabites","id":"75219","score":null,"sort":[1387300470000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"industrial-meat-bad-small-farm-good-its-not-so-simple","title":"Industrial Meat Bad, Small Farm Good? It's Not So Simple","publishDate":1387300470,"format":"aside","headTitle":"Bay Area Bites | KQED Food","labelTerm":{"site":"bayareabites"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_75220\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/12/kenya-e78018b5d9656a9bf3a772f79d13f965003ca9bf-e1387300166749.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/12/kenya-e78018b5d9656a9bf3a772f79d13f965003ca9bf-e1387300166749.jpg\" alt=\"Somali refugees lead their herds of goats home for the night outside Dadaab, Kenya. A new study shows that animals in many parts of the developing world require more food — and generate more greenhouse emissions — than animals in wealthy countries. Photo: Rebecca Blackwell/AP\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" class=\"size-full wp-image-75220\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Somali refugees lead their herds of goats home for the night outside Dadaab, Kenya. A new study shows that animals in many parts of the developing world require more food — and generate more greenhouse emissions — than animals in wealthy countries. Photo: Rebecca Blackwell/AP\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Post by Eliza Barclay, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/12/16/251611230/big-meat-bad-small-farm-good-it-s-not-so-simple\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (12/17/13)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To feed all 7 billion of us, address climate change and live longer, we all need to eat less meat. From \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2013/11/26/al-gore-goes-vegan-following-in-footsteps-of-bill-clinton/\">Al Gore\u003c/a> to the Meatless Monday movement to \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2012/03/12/148457233/death-by-bacon-study-finds-eating-meat-is-risky\">Harvard epidemiologists\u003c/a>, that's been the resounding advice offered to consumers lately.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But hold up a minute, says \u003ca href=\"http://scholar.google.com/citations?user=_vmjCiYAAAAJ&hl=en\">Mario Herrero\u003c/a>, the chief research scientist at Australia's national science agency, the CSIRO. Writing off food animals as greedy, inefficient polluters of land and water, artery cloggers and robbers of food from the mouths of hungry babes is perhaps a bit brash, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, it's important to see the global livestock sector as a super diverse system of tiny backyards and massive feedlots that defies generalizations, Herrero tells The Salt. Shifting to this view is becoming more and more important as we plan for a future of 9 billion people on Earth by mid-century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's also one of the takeaways of a \u003ca href=\"http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2013/12/12/1308149110\">assessment of global livestock systems\u003c/a> by Herrero published Monday in the \u003cem>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. \u003c/em>Inside the vast dataset are new calculations of how livestock use land, how efficiently they convert feed into food for humans and their greenhouse gas emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given the range of human nutritional needs and the different ways of raising livestock, Herrero and co-authors argue, decisions about how to make meat and milk production more sustainable should probably be local ones. In other words, there's no \"one-size-fits-all\" blueprint for sustainability for farmers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's because when it comes to raising livestock, the contradictions abound, the authors note.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One example? While animals provide nutrients for farmers' crops (think \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/11/21/246386290/organic-farmers-bash-fda-restrictions-on-manure-use\">manure\u003c/a>), their waste also pollutes the land and water. While grazing animals can be beneficial to a grassland ecosystem, overgrazing can destroy it. Questions of health can be equally complex: Animal milk and meat are critically important sources of protein and other nutrients for many people – especially the poor – but they also contribute to obesity and chronic disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What this means is that a cattleman raising 10 cows on cruddy grassland in Zambia and the manager of a major Kansas feedlot have starkly different priorities when it comes to how they manage resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the authors say the same goes for consumer choices about animal products in rich countries versus those in poor countries: While most Americans could forgo a third serving of bacon for the week, mothers in Cambodia may very well need to seek out more milk and chicken for their children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that nuanced global perspective is missing from the conversation about meat production, Hererro says. When we think about the global environmental impacts, we tend to imagine industrial U.S. cattle or hog producers spewing emissions and waste into the environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But according to the \u003cem>PNAS\u003c/em> paper, smaller producers in the developing world account for the most emissions from livestock, including 75 percent of emissions from cattle and other ruminants (like goats) and 56 percent from poultry and pigs. That's mainly because of the sheer number of animals — millions more than those raised in Europe and the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And when it's harder to feed animals, they also produce more emissions. For example, cattle scrounging for food in arid East Africa might release the equivalent of 1,000 pounds of carbon for every pound of protein they produce. Compare that with many parts of the U.S. and Europe, where a cow might generate about 10 pounds of carbon per pound of protein.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The paper also reminds us that India is the world's biggest producer of milk and China, the largest producer of pork. Asia accounts for 55 percent of global pork production, dwarfing Europe (26 percent) and the U.S. (17 percent).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The developing world is where the demand is growing the most, and it's also where we need to find better solutions for protecting resources,\" Herrero tells The Salt. That's going to mean getting more meat and milk out of each animal, with better feed on better managed land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study found that everywhere, smaller livestock like pigs and poultry convert feed into protein more efficiently — and have a smaller impact on the climate — than beef and dairy cows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That might suggest that for maximum efficiency (and fewer emissions), we should focus on getting protein mainly from pigs and chickens. But as Herrero argues, there's a big tradeoff there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Pigs and poultry may be reservoirs of [diseases that can be transmitted to humans], like the flu, so we really need systems diversity,\" says Herrero.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given all this complexity, what's a conscientious consumer to do?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though choosing to eat less meat won't dismantle industrial meat or stem the rising number of livestock animals on Earth, it still makes sense for consumers in the developed world, Herrero says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If we account for how much we consume in general terms — and the fact that we are responsible for most of the world's carbon dioxide emissions — then we should modify our diets and eat fewer animals products, if we can,\" he says. \"We have a higher responsibility, because we are the ones that can make that choice.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2013 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"When it comes to making livestock agriculture more sustainable, there's no one-size-fits-all approach. That's the conclusion of a study of livestock around the world.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1387300470,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":24,"wordCount":932},"headData":{"title":"Industrial Meat Bad, Small Farm Good? It's Not So Simple | KQED","description":"When it comes to making livestock agriculture more sustainable, there's no one-size-fits-all approach. That's the conclusion of a study of livestock around the world.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"75219 http://blogs.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=75219","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2013/12/17/industrial-meat-bad-small-farm-good-its-not-so-simple/","disqusTitle":"Industrial Meat Bad, Small Farm Good? It's Not So Simple","nprByline":"Eliza Barclay","nprStoryId":"251611230","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=251611230&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/12/16/251611230/big-meat-bad-small-farm-good-it-s-not-so-simple?ft=3&f=251611230","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Tue, 17 Dec 2013 11:53:00 -0500","nprStoryDate":"Tue, 17 Dec 2013 11:01:00 -0500","nprLastModifiedDate":"Tue, 17 Dec 2013 11:03:31 -0500","path":"/bayareabites/75219/industrial-meat-bad-small-farm-good-its-not-so-simple","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_75220\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/12/kenya-e78018b5d9656a9bf3a772f79d13f965003ca9bf-e1387300166749.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/12/kenya-e78018b5d9656a9bf3a772f79d13f965003ca9bf-e1387300166749.jpg\" alt=\"Somali refugees lead their herds of goats home for the night outside Dadaab, Kenya. A new study shows that animals in many parts of the developing world require more food — and generate more greenhouse emissions — than animals in wealthy countries. Photo: Rebecca Blackwell/AP\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" class=\"size-full wp-image-75220\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Somali refugees lead their herds of goats home for the night outside Dadaab, Kenya. A new study shows that animals in many parts of the developing world require more food — and generate more greenhouse emissions — than animals in wealthy countries. Photo: Rebecca Blackwell/AP\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Post by Eliza Barclay, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/12/16/251611230/big-meat-bad-small-farm-good-it-s-not-so-simple\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (12/17/13)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To feed all 7 billion of us, address climate change and live longer, we all need to eat less meat. From \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2013/11/26/al-gore-goes-vegan-following-in-footsteps-of-bill-clinton/\">Al Gore\u003c/a> to the Meatless Monday movement to \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2012/03/12/148457233/death-by-bacon-study-finds-eating-meat-is-risky\">Harvard epidemiologists\u003c/a>, that's been the resounding advice offered to consumers lately.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But hold up a minute, says \u003ca href=\"http://scholar.google.com/citations?user=_vmjCiYAAAAJ&hl=en\">Mario Herrero\u003c/a>, the chief research scientist at Australia's national science agency, the CSIRO. Writing off food animals as greedy, inefficient polluters of land and water, artery cloggers and robbers of food from the mouths of hungry babes is perhaps a bit brash, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, it's important to see the global livestock sector as a super diverse system of tiny backyards and massive feedlots that defies generalizations, Herrero tells The Salt. Shifting to this view is becoming more and more important as we plan for a future of 9 billion people on Earth by mid-century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's also one of the takeaways of a \u003ca href=\"http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2013/12/12/1308149110\">assessment of global livestock systems\u003c/a> by Herrero published Monday in the \u003cem>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. \u003c/em>Inside the vast dataset are new calculations of how livestock use land, how efficiently they convert feed into food for humans and their greenhouse gas emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given the range of human nutritional needs and the different ways of raising livestock, Herrero and co-authors argue, decisions about how to make meat and milk production more sustainable should probably be local ones. In other words, there's no \"one-size-fits-all\" blueprint for sustainability for farmers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's because when it comes to raising livestock, the contradictions abound, the authors note.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One example? While animals provide nutrients for farmers' crops (think \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/11/21/246386290/organic-farmers-bash-fda-restrictions-on-manure-use\">manure\u003c/a>), their waste also pollutes the land and water. While grazing animals can be beneficial to a grassland ecosystem, overgrazing can destroy it. Questions of health can be equally complex: Animal milk and meat are critically important sources of protein and other nutrients for many people – especially the poor – but they also contribute to obesity and chronic disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What this means is that a cattleman raising 10 cows on cruddy grassland in Zambia and the manager of a major Kansas feedlot have starkly different priorities when it comes to how they manage resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the authors say the same goes for consumer choices about animal products in rich countries versus those in poor countries: While most Americans could forgo a third serving of bacon for the week, mothers in Cambodia may very well need to seek out more milk and chicken for their children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that nuanced global perspective is missing from the conversation about meat production, Hererro says. When we think about the global environmental impacts, we tend to imagine industrial U.S. cattle or hog producers spewing emissions and waste into the environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But according to the \u003cem>PNAS\u003c/em> paper, smaller producers in the developing world account for the most emissions from livestock, including 75 percent of emissions from cattle and other ruminants (like goats) and 56 percent from poultry and pigs. That's mainly because of the sheer number of animals — millions more than those raised in Europe and the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And when it's harder to feed animals, they also produce more emissions. For example, cattle scrounging for food in arid East Africa might release the equivalent of 1,000 pounds of carbon for every pound of protein they produce. Compare that with many parts of the U.S. and Europe, where a cow might generate about 10 pounds of carbon per pound of protein.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The paper also reminds us that India is the world's biggest producer of milk and China, the largest producer of pork. Asia accounts for 55 percent of global pork production, dwarfing Europe (26 percent) and the U.S. (17 percent).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The developing world is where the demand is growing the most, and it's also where we need to find better solutions for protecting resources,\" Herrero tells The Salt. That's going to mean getting more meat and milk out of each animal, with better feed on better managed land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study found that everywhere, smaller livestock like pigs and poultry convert feed into protein more efficiently — and have a smaller impact on the climate — than beef and dairy cows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That might suggest that for maximum efficiency (and fewer emissions), we should focus on getting protein mainly from pigs and chickens. But as Herrero argues, there's a big tradeoff there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Pigs and poultry may be reservoirs of [diseases that can be transmitted to humans], like the flu, so we really need systems diversity,\" says Herrero.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given all this complexity, what's a conscientious consumer to do?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though choosing to eat less meat won't dismantle industrial meat or stem the rising number of livestock animals on Earth, it still makes sense for consumers in the developed world, Herrero says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If we account for how much we consume in general terms — and the fact that we are responsible for most of the world's carbon dioxide emissions — then we should modify our diets and eat fewer animals products, if we can,\" he says. \"We have a higher responsibility, because we are the ones that can make that choice.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2013 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/75219/industrial-meat-bad-small-farm-good-its-not-so-simple","authors":["byline_bayareabites_75219"],"categories":["bayareabites_1962","bayareabites_1874","bayareabites_4084","bayareabites_1245","bayareabites_10916","bayareabites_2035","bayareabites_60"],"tags":["bayareabites_12808","bayareabites_836","bayareabites_12807","bayareabites_8914","bayareabites_243","bayareabites_2613","bayareabites_12790","bayareabites_10921"],"featImg":"bayareabites_75220","label":"bayareabites"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. 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You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn","officialWebsiteLink":"/mindshift/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"2"},"link":"/podcasts/mindshift","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"}},"morning-edition":{"id":"morning-edition","title":"Morning Edition","info":"\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. 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On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. 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