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It gives you a life!\" says Bill Shuler.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For decades — for the entire time that Bill and Carol have been married, in fact — the Shuler family's routine was practically set in stone: Get up at 3:45 a.m., clean the barn, feed the cows and milk them. Then get breakfast and take care of other work around the farm. At 3 p.m., go back to the barn to feed and milk the cows again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Milking time is kind of like our meal time,\" says Carol Shuler. \"We were more likely to be together during milking time than during meal time.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/wesat/2018/04/20180407_wesat_when_robots_milk_cows_farm_families_taste_freedom.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those two daily appointments with the cows were the fixed poles of their life; everything else had to be arranged around them. There were no weekends off, and no holidays. If there was a big family get-together like a wedding, Bill Shuler says, they'd get there late or leave early. \"If you're a small operation and you can't hire help, you're a virtual slave to your farm. You can't get away,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To make things worse, recent years have been really \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/02/27/586586267/as-milk-prices-decline-worries-about-dairy-farmer-suicides-rise\">tough\u003c/a> for dairy farmers. Milk prices have \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2016/08/05/488708017/why-do-milk-prices-spike-and-crash-because-its-like-oil\">slumped\u003c/a>; farmers are eating into any capital they may have accumulated. Some are abandoning the only livelihood they know.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_126538\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1720px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2018/04/farmer-12cc9cc6357fc4d01d17ed6c4f05e071864da098.jpg\" alt=\"Bill Schuler stands in front of his cows on his farm in southwest Michigan.\" width=\"1720\" height=\"1290\" class=\"size-full wp-image-126538\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/04/farmer-12cc9cc6357fc4d01d17ed6c4f05e071864da098.jpg 1720w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/04/farmer-12cc9cc6357fc4d01d17ed6c4f05e071864da098-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/04/farmer-12cc9cc6357fc4d01d17ed6c4f05e071864da098-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/04/farmer-12cc9cc6357fc4d01d17ed6c4f05e071864da098-768x576.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/04/farmer-12cc9cc6357fc4d01d17ed6c4f05e071864da098-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/04/farmer-12cc9cc6357fc4d01d17ed6c4f05e071864da098-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/04/farmer-12cc9cc6357fc4d01d17ed6c4f05e071864da098-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/04/farmer-12cc9cc6357fc4d01d17ed6c4f05e071864da098-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/04/farmer-12cc9cc6357fc4d01d17ed6c4f05e071864da098-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/04/farmer-12cc9cc6357fc4d01d17ed6c4f05e071864da098-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1720px) 100vw, 1720px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bill Schuler stands in front of his cows on his farm in southwest Michigan. \u003ccite>(Dan Charles)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Bill and Carol Shuler wondered if their two sons, Billy and Wyatt, would want to stick with the dairy business. Their grandmother, Shirley Shuler, had her doubts. \"You couldn't encourage them, because you know it isn't easy,\" she says. \"You know it isn't easy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a couple of years ago, Billy and his brother, Wyatt, told their parents that they did, in fact, want to be dairy farmers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the Shulers decided it was time to make a big investment, for the future of the farm and the family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, there's a big new barn on the farm. Inside it, 100 cows spend their days lounging on sawdust.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And every once in a while, one of them decides that it's her own personal milking time. She strolls down to one end of the barn toward a small, trailer-sized structure. She pushes through a metal gate and enters it, walking into a special cow-sized chamber that holds her in place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A sensor reads her ID tag. A carefully measured helping of molasses pellets — cow candy — drops into a box for her to munch on. And beside her, a robotic arm swings into action, reaching toward her udder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bill Shuler describes the action. \"The first thing it's going to do is, sanitize each teat with an iodine solution,\" he says. \"Then it will go back and put the milkers on individually.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the arm maneuvers the equipment into position, I see red lights flash briefly. \"Those are the lasers,\" Shuler says. \"It has lasers. That's how it finds the teats.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even with lasers, it usually takes the robot a couple of tries to attach the milkers. A human would do this much faster. Eventually, though, milk flows though hoses into a big storage tank.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of Bill Shuler's sons is usually here in the barn, but no one has to be, at least not every minute. If something goes wrong, they'll get an alert on their phones. Sometimes, they can fix it by sending instructions to the robot from their phone. They can also see what's happening by checking the video feed from one of 20 cameras set up around the farm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Robots like these are milking a small minority of America's cows — a representative from \u003ca href=\"https://www.delaval.com/en-us/our-solutions/milking/robotic-milking/\">DeLaval\u003c/a>, the company that made Schuster's robots, estimates that it's about 5 percent. But the share is growing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Big dairies are buying them to replace hired workers, many of them immigrants, because recruiting and keeping those workers is getting much more difficult.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On small dairy farms, though, which were among the first to adopt this technology, the robots are replacing the labor of the families that own those farms. Instead of displacing people, Bill Schuler hopes that the robots will help his sons stay right where they are, on the farm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If this technology would have been available 25 or 30 years ago, I'd still have more friends milking cows today,\" he says. \"I have a friend who's a couple of years older than I am. I'm sure he would have robots. He'd still be milking cows today, and his son would probably be there with him.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, small family-run dairy farms like this are rare enough these days that Schuler is turning his into a tourist attraction. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.shulerdairyfarms.com/\">farm\u003c/a> is open for visitors every afternoon. Tours cost $5 per person, and there's ice cream for sale. Hundreds of people visited last year. Kids love the cows, Schuler says. But their parents are amazed by the robots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2018 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"On a growing number of dairy farms, cows, not people, decide when they need to be milked. Robots can do the job day or night. For some farm families, the robots free them from rigid milking schedules.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1523223622,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":24,"wordCount":886},"headData":{"title":"When Robots Milk Cows, Farm Families Taste Freedom | KQED","description":"On a growing number of dairy farms, cows, not people, decide when they need to be milked. Robots can do the job day or night. For some farm families, the robots free them from rigid milking schedules.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"When Robots Milk Cows, Farm Families Taste Freedom","datePublished":"2018-04-08T21:40:22.000Z","dateModified":"2018-04-08T21:40:22.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"126536 https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=126536","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2018/04/08/when-robots-milk-cows-farm-families-taste-freedom/","disqusTitle":"When Robots Milk Cows, Farm Families Taste Freedom","source":"Food Trends and Technology","sourceUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/bayareabites/category/food-and-technology","nprByline":"Dan Charles, NPR Food","nprImageAgency":"Dan Charles","nprStoryId":"599259931","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=599259931&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2018/04/07/599259931/when-robots-milk-cows-farm-families-taste-freedom?ft=nprml&f=599259931","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Sat, 07 Apr 2018 14:24:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Sat, 07 Apr 2018 08:11:00 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Sat, 07 Apr 2018 12:53:34 -0400","nprAudio":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/wesat/2018/04/20180407_wesat_when_robots_milk_cows_farm_families_taste_freedom.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1053&d=235&p=7&story=599259931&ft=nprml&f=599259931","nprAudioM3u":"http://api.npr.org/m3u/1600482878-2c1e5b.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1053&d=235&p=7&story=599259931&ft=nprml&f=599259931","path":"/bayareabites/126536/when-robots-milk-cows-farm-families-taste-freedom","audioUrl":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/wesat/2018/04/20180407_wesat_when_robots_milk_cows_farm_families_taste_freedom.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1053&d=235&p=7&story=599259931&ft=nprml&f=599259931","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Robots have arrived at Bill and Carol Shuler's \u003ca href=\"http://www.shulerdairyfarms.com/\">farm\u003c/a> near Baroda, Mich., and life has taken a turn for the better.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It absolutely changes your lifestyle. It gives you a life!\" says Bill Shuler.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For decades — for the entire time that Bill and Carol have been married, in fact — the Shuler family's routine was practically set in stone: Get up at 3:45 a.m., clean the barn, feed the cows and milk them. Then get breakfast and take care of other work around the farm. At 3 p.m., go back to the barn to feed and milk the cows again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Milking time is kind of like our meal time,\" says Carol Shuler. \"We were more likely to be together during milking time than during meal time.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"nprOneAudioLink","attributes":{"named":{"src":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/wesat/2018/04/20180407_wesat_when_robots_milk_cows_farm_families_taste_freedom.mp3"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those two daily appointments with the cows were the fixed poles of their life; everything else had to be arranged around them. There were no weekends off, and no holidays. If there was a big family get-together like a wedding, Bill Shuler says, they'd get there late or leave early. \"If you're a small operation and you can't hire help, you're a virtual slave to your farm. You can't get away,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To make things worse, recent years have been really \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/02/27/586586267/as-milk-prices-decline-worries-about-dairy-farmer-suicides-rise\">tough\u003c/a> for dairy farmers. Milk prices have \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2016/08/05/488708017/why-do-milk-prices-spike-and-crash-because-its-like-oil\">slumped\u003c/a>; farmers are eating into any capital they may have accumulated. Some are abandoning the only livelihood they know.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_126538\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1720px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2018/04/farmer-12cc9cc6357fc4d01d17ed6c4f05e071864da098.jpg\" alt=\"Bill Schuler stands in front of his cows on his farm in southwest Michigan.\" width=\"1720\" height=\"1290\" class=\"size-full wp-image-126538\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/04/farmer-12cc9cc6357fc4d01d17ed6c4f05e071864da098.jpg 1720w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/04/farmer-12cc9cc6357fc4d01d17ed6c4f05e071864da098-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/04/farmer-12cc9cc6357fc4d01d17ed6c4f05e071864da098-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/04/farmer-12cc9cc6357fc4d01d17ed6c4f05e071864da098-768x576.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/04/farmer-12cc9cc6357fc4d01d17ed6c4f05e071864da098-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/04/farmer-12cc9cc6357fc4d01d17ed6c4f05e071864da098-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/04/farmer-12cc9cc6357fc4d01d17ed6c4f05e071864da098-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/04/farmer-12cc9cc6357fc4d01d17ed6c4f05e071864da098-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/04/farmer-12cc9cc6357fc4d01d17ed6c4f05e071864da098-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/04/farmer-12cc9cc6357fc4d01d17ed6c4f05e071864da098-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1720px) 100vw, 1720px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bill Schuler stands in front of his cows on his farm in southwest Michigan. \u003ccite>(Dan Charles)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Bill and Carol Shuler wondered if their two sons, Billy and Wyatt, would want to stick with the dairy business. Their grandmother, Shirley Shuler, had her doubts. \"You couldn't encourage them, because you know it isn't easy,\" she says. \"You know it isn't easy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a couple of years ago, Billy and his brother, Wyatt, told their parents that they did, in fact, want to be dairy farmers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the Shulers decided it was time to make a big investment, for the future of the farm and the family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, there's a big new barn on the farm. Inside it, 100 cows spend their days lounging on sawdust.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And every once in a while, one of them decides that it's her own personal milking time. She strolls down to one end of the barn toward a small, trailer-sized structure. She pushes through a metal gate and enters it, walking into a special cow-sized chamber that holds her in place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A sensor reads her ID tag. A carefully measured helping of molasses pellets — cow candy — drops into a box for her to munch on. And beside her, a robotic arm swings into action, reaching toward her udder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bill Shuler describes the action. \"The first thing it's going to do is, sanitize each teat with an iodine solution,\" he says. \"Then it will go back and put the milkers on individually.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the arm maneuvers the equipment into position, I see red lights flash briefly. \"Those are the lasers,\" Shuler says. \"It has lasers. That's how it finds the teats.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even with lasers, it usually takes the robot a couple of tries to attach the milkers. A human would do this much faster. Eventually, though, milk flows though hoses into a big storage tank.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of Bill Shuler's sons is usually here in the barn, but no one has to be, at least not every minute. If something goes wrong, they'll get an alert on their phones. Sometimes, they can fix it by sending instructions to the robot from their phone. They can also see what's happening by checking the video feed from one of 20 cameras set up around the farm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Robots like these are milking a small minority of America's cows — a representative from \u003ca href=\"https://www.delaval.com/en-us/our-solutions/milking/robotic-milking/\">DeLaval\u003c/a>, the company that made Schuster's robots, estimates that it's about 5 percent. But the share is growing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Big dairies are buying them to replace hired workers, many of them immigrants, because recruiting and keeping those workers is getting much more difficult.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On small dairy farms, though, which were among the first to adopt this technology, the robots are replacing the labor of the families that own those farms. Instead of displacing people, Bill Schuler hopes that the robots will help his sons stay right where they are, on the farm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If this technology would have been available 25 or 30 years ago, I'd still have more friends milking cows today,\" he says. \"I have a friend who's a couple of years older than I am. I'm sure he would have robots. He'd still be milking cows today, and his son would probably be there with him.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, small family-run dairy farms like this are rare enough these days that Schuler is turning his into a tourist attraction. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.shulerdairyfarms.com/\">farm\u003c/a> is open for visitors every afternoon. Tours cost $5 per person, and there's ice cream for sale. Hundreds of people visited last year. Kids love the cows, Schuler says. But their parents are amazed by the robots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2018 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/126536/when-robots-milk-cows-farm-families-taste-freedom","authors":["byline_bayareabites_126536"],"categories":["bayareabites_1874","bayareabites_4084","bayareabites_358"],"tags":["bayareabites_9541","bayareabites_16095","bayareabites_12293"],"featImg":"bayareabites_126537","label":"source_bayareabites_126536"},"bayareabites_112919":{"type":"posts","id":"bayareabites_112919","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"bayareabites","id":"112919","score":null,"sort":[1477579206000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"wrangling-the-climate-impact-of-california-dairy","title":"Wrangling the Climate Impact of California Dairy","publishDate":1477579206,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Bay Area Bites | KQED Food","labelTerm":{"site":"bayareabites"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Could new methane emissions regulations tend a greener California, or sour the state’s dairy industry?\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Away from its sparkling coastal cities and picturesque natural wonders, California hides its massive, steaming pools of literal liquefied shit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can find them all across the Golden State, with particular density in the fertile Central Valley. They are the most visible—and the worst smelling—impact of the largest dairy industry in America. And they’re a problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those hot, churning fecal lagoons are but one byproduct of California’s massive dairy industry, by far the biggest in the U.S. And they in turn create another, in the form of large quantities of methane gas produced as bacteria breakdown the poop—gas that is nearly \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/overview-greenhouse-gases#methane\">25 times more destructive\u003c/a> to the climate than carbon dioxide (CO2).\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_112923\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/CivilEatsMethane2-1024x805.jpg\" alt=\"Illustration by Susie Cagle\" width=\"1024\" height=\"805\" class=\"size-full wp-image-112923\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/CivilEatsMethane2-1024x805.jpg 1024w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/CivilEatsMethane2-1024x805-160x126.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/CivilEatsMethane2-1024x805-800x629.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/CivilEatsMethane2-1024x805-768x604.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/CivilEatsMethane2-1024x805-1020x802.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/CivilEatsMethane2-1024x805-960x755.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/CivilEatsMethane2-1024x805-240x189.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/CivilEatsMethane2-1024x805-375x295.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/CivilEatsMethane2-1024x805-520x409.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Illustration by Susie Cagle\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Emissions Contradictions\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s industry and the state’s drive to reduce its environmental impact have long been at tenuous odds. The state is at once a paragon of environmental responsibility, and home to some of the worst air and water pollution in the country; a leader in both regulating business, and incubating innovations that have helped it become the sixth-largest economy in the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That confusion was laid bare in a pair of new laws passed this fall. In September, Governor Jerry Brown signed \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/politics/la-pol-ca-jerry-brown-signs-climate-laws-20160908-snap-story.html\">an ambitious bill\u003c/a> aimed at slashing greenhouse gas emissions, including methane, to 40 percent below 1990 levels by 2030. Those lofty goals would require new regulations of the state’s dairy farms—were it not for \u003ca href=\"http://bigstory.ap.org/article/5b1f0a6b25ee443b951ad61dd0334784/california-governor-backs-rules-cow-landfill-emissions\">the bill Brown signed\u003c/a> several days later, setting aside $50 million from the state’s \u003ca href=\"http://civileats.com/2016/02/02/californias-grand-plan-to-fight-climate-change-on-the-farm-jerry-brown/\">cap and trade funds\u003c/a> to help retrofit gassy dairies and giving the Air Resources Board discretion over how much those dairies would ultimately have to cut emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On its face, the law appears to be an environmental victory—but not all advocates are so optimistic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“History has shown that the [Air Resources Board] does not want to regulate dairies,” says Brent Newell, legal director for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.crpe-ej.org/\">Center on Race, Poverty and the Environment\u003c/a>. “Even though it’s had the authority for 10 years, it has not imposed any mandatory regulations, and the dairy industry has used its political power to prevent that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Western United Dairymen and Milk Producers Council together spent more than $97,000 lobbying state legislators in the first half of 2016, and another $83,500 in campaign contributions this election cycle, according to state records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new law “provides a lot of special treatment for dairies that other industries don’t get,” says Newell. “It entrenches the industrial form of dairy production which is the cause of all this methane and air pollution and water pollution in the first place.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is, at least with current technology, a hard limit on how much methane can really be cut from our current system of animal agriculture. Cows are naturally gassy creatures, producing significant amounts of methane in their basic digestion process. In their fight against SB 1383, the Western United Dairymen and Milk Producers Council \u003ca href=\"http://www.thebusinessjournal.com/news/agriculture/23707-dairy-officials-blast-air-board-over-proposed-methane-reduction-goals\">produced ads\u003c/a> suggesting that environmentalists would go so far as to prevent natural cattle off-gassing, creating unnaturally exploding cows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You feed a cow and she makes milk and the rest comes out the back end,” says U.C. Davis livestock waste management specialist Deanne Meyer. “You can’t mess with biology.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nonetheless, that’s exactly what some scientists are trying to do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_112924\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1500px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/CivilEatsMethane3.gif\" alt=\"Animation by Susie Cagle\" width=\"1500\" height=\"904\" class=\"size-full wp-image-112924\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Animation by Susie Cagle\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In 2014, Argentinean government \u003ca href=\"https://www.fastcoexist.com/3028933/these-backpacks-for-cows-collect-their-fart-gas-and-store-it-for-energy\">researchers unveiled backpacks\u003c/a> that collect cows’ digestive gases before they’re released into the atmosphere, through a tube inserted into their gut. About a quarter of that gas is methane, which can then be separated and used for fuel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the backpacks are currently just a proof of concept, and they’ve been largely dismissed stateside, as have other attempts to hack cow digestion, including the recent development in Denmark of a \u003ca href=\"http://www.bbc.com/news/blogs-news-from-elsewhere-37618474\">super grass\u003c/a> that is easier for cows to digest. Enteric methane emissions are taken for granted, at least for now. Which puts us back into the shit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most California dairy farms are big operations, with hundreds if not thousands of head of cattle that spend much of their lives in close quarters. To clean them quickly and easily, those quarters are flushed with water, concentrating the cows’ waste into manure ponds that in turn offgas more than half of dairy methane.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Is There a Methane Digester Strategy?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the past 30 years, some dairies have sought to cut their emissions voluntarily, treating poo pools more as a usable byproduct than a toxic environmental impact. At scale, decomposing cow manure can be broken down in anaerobic digesters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_112925\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1500px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/CivilEatsMethane4-justlabels.gif\" alt=\"Animation by Susie Cagle\" width=\"1500\" height=\"956\" class=\"size-full wp-image-112925\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Animation by Susie Cagle\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Methane is a big enough issue in California and throughout the world that we need to deal with, and SB 1383 is kind of the direction we’ve been going in all along,” says Albert Straus, who began operating a digester on his Marin County farm, \u003ca href=\"http://strausfamilycreamery.com/\">Straus Family Creamery\u003c/a>, in 2004.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, his facility captures enough methane processed into electricity to run the farm, while the leftover power gets sent back to the grid. But for all the latent potential these digesters have to offset the climate impact of California’s dairies, fewer than 1 percent of the state’s facilities are currently using them, due to a combination of high initial costs, difficult ongoing maintenance, and limited ability to use or store the energy they create.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We haven’t yet really figured out if we can afford the digester strategy,” says Jeanne Merrill, policy director at \u003ca href=\"http://calclimateag.org/\">California Climate and Agriculture Network\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re not economical to operate without massive public subsidies,” says Newell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Between build-out, equipment, and connecting to the existing electric grid, the cost of a digester is generally accepted to be at least a half million dollars, with some estimates closer to $2 million. But Straus doesn’t think it needs to be that way. “Most of those systems take so long to pay off that it’s not realistic,” he says. But his digester cost less than $350,000, with about $150,000 of that covered through government aid, “by simplifying it and making it not built like a Mercedes Benz.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At the end of the day you have to be concerned about the cost,” says Straus. “If you don’t survive as a business, there won’t be digesters operating anyway.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A “digester-first” approach to manure management presumes that manure lagoons are an inevitable cost of the dairy business—and that the other pollutants created in the digestion process are worth it. But environmental advocates disagree. Instead of being flushed into lagoons, manure can also be \u003ca href=\"https://www.marincarbonproject.org/\">scraped, gathered, and composted\u003c/a>, or cows can be let out to pasture with the manure allowed to decompose in small amounts across the land, which naturally results in less methane—both strategies that would incur other costs in tools, labor, and additional land. But at least some of the funding earmarked for dairy retrofitting in SB 1383 could be spent on these other methods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We would like to see at least 50 percent of those funds go to a diversity of dairy management strategies beyond digesters,” says Merrill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have to make sure that this money will be spent in a way that won’t cause more harm,” says Newell. “The silver lining is we made sure that pasture was a recognized manure methane reduction strategy. The other victory we got was a limit on how that $50 million would be spent so it would not lead to an increase in air pollution.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If every scrap of decomposing dairy dung were absorbed by pasture, composted, or digested, the industry as a whole might have an outside, theoretical shot at cutting its methane emissions by 40 percent. But these efforts likely come at great capital, labor, and time costs when the industry is already struggling, so it’s unclear from where the will to change might come.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California dairymen are incredibly innovative and resilient and the people who are here today have made huge modifications to their operations to be more efficient and more mindful about how they use their resources,” says U.C. Davis’ Deanne Meyer. “If you look at our carbon footprint per gallon of milk produced, it’s not going to get much more efficient than what we have going on in California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But regardless of any green goals, lofty or otherwise, California’s dairy farms and their manure lagoons aren’t in imminent danger of sweeping change. The new law provides for an eight-year research period, with the Air Resources Board expected to issue recommendations for emission cuts in 2024.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Dairy Demand May Be Biggest Challenge\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To some degree, California’s dairy majority allows the state to lead U.S. agriculture by example: either toward a more sustainable future, or more of the status quo. But it is hardly a closed economy. Golden State dairy farmers are already grappling with the basic harsh realities of agriculture business, in the form of \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnbc.com/2015/02/10/california-drought-states-tempt-california-dairy-farms--we-have-water.html\">state-wide drought\u003c/a> and a global dip in milk prices. The state has lost hundreds of dairy farms in recent years, both to other states with more water and fewer regulations, and full-scale closure, even as consumers are demanding more dairy than ever.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_112926\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/CivilEatsMethane5-1024x563.jpg\" alt=\"Illustration by Susie Cagle\" width=\"1024\" height=\"563\" class=\"size-full wp-image-112926\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/CivilEatsMethane5-1024x563.jpg 1024w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/CivilEatsMethane5-1024x563-160x88.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/CivilEatsMethane5-1024x563-800x440.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/CivilEatsMethane5-1024x563-768x422.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/CivilEatsMethane5-1024x563-1020x561.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/CivilEatsMethane5-1024x563-960x528.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/CivilEatsMethane5-1024x563-240x132.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/CivilEatsMethane5-1024x563-375x206.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/CivilEatsMethane5-1024x563-520x286.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Illustration by Susie Cagle\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In their 2011 \u003ca href=\"http://www.ewg.org/meateatersguide/a-meat-eaters-guide-to-climate-change-health-what-you-eat-matters/climate-and-environmental-impacts/\">Meat-Eater’s Guide to Climate Change and Health\u003c/a>, the Environmental Working Group ranked cheese third highest for emissions on a list of 20 foods, just below beef and lamb, but higher than pork, chicken, turkey, farmed salmon, and eggs. And \u003ca href=\"http://www.fao.org/publications/sofa/sofa2016/en/\">a new U.N. report\u003c/a> on climate change and food security urges the adoption of more plant-based alternatives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet despite mounting evidence of its environmental impact, dairy production still outpaces that rising demand, as farmers try to milk more profits from falling prices. The U.S. Department of Agriculture recently announced it would be \u003ca href=\"http://www.wsj.com/articles/usda-to-buy-additional-20-million-of-cheese-1476217829\">buying millions of pounds of cheese \u003c/a>in an attempt to offset a growing glut, but it’ll be a small bite. Some farmers are simply \u003ca href=\"http://www.wsj.com/articles/americas-dairy-farmers-dump-43-million-gallons-of-excess-milk-1476284353\">dumping their surplus milk\u003c/a>—more than 43 million gallons of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As \u003ca href=\"http://mobile.reuters.com/article/idUSKCN11X1TG\">methane emissions\u003c/a> continue to rise precipitously—in no small part due to expanding animal agriculture operations worldwide—the potential impact of California’s new rules is still as murky as an industrial farm’s manure lagoon. If any state is to successfully retrofit otherwise harmful animal agriculture practices, it will have to strike an effective balance between industry and the rest of society—a balance that environmental advocates say is entirely achievable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s room for eating ice cream and cheese and butter we just need to produce it in a climate-responsible way,” says Brent Newell. “We can’t have forms of food production that have massive climate impacts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The system we’ve had does not work, so how do we create a system that’s more sustainable? Methane digestion is a piece of it, organic farming is a piece, carbon farming is a piece, being a good member of the community,” says Albert Straus. “Sustainability is all those components. But at the end of the day, you still have to be a profitable business.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And at the end of the day, California’s eyes may be bigger than its plate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“How do you keep the price of the product reasonable and resource use accountable?” asks Meyer. After all: “We’re just California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>ABOUT THE WRITER\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Susie Cagle is a journalist and illustrator in Oakland, California. She has written and drawn for \u003cem>The New York Times\u003c/em>, \u003cem>The Guardian\u003c/em>, ProPublica, and others.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Could new methane emissions regulations tend a greener California, or sour the state’s dairy industry?","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1477579206,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":43,"wordCount":2046},"headData":{"title":"Wrangling the Climate Impact of California Dairy | KQED","description":"Could new methane emissions regulations tend a greener California, or sour the state’s dairy industry?","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Wrangling the Climate Impact of California Dairy","datePublished":"2016-10-27T14:40:06.000Z","dateModified":"2016-10-27T14:40:06.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"112919 http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=112919","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2016/10/27/wrangling-the-climate-impact-of-california-dairy/","disqusTitle":"Wrangling the Climate Impact of California Dairy","nprByline":"\u003ca href=\"http://civileats.com/author/scagle/\">Susie Cagle\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/author/civileat/\">CIvil Eats\u003c/a>","path":"/bayareabites/112919/wrangling-the-climate-impact-of-california-dairy","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Could new methane emissions regulations tend a greener California, or sour the state’s dairy industry?\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Away from its sparkling coastal cities and picturesque natural wonders, California hides its massive, steaming pools of literal liquefied shit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can find them all across the Golden State, with particular density in the fertile Central Valley. They are the most visible—and the worst smelling—impact of the largest dairy industry in America. And they’re a problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those hot, churning fecal lagoons are but one byproduct of California’s massive dairy industry, by far the biggest in the U.S. And they in turn create another, in the form of large quantities of methane gas produced as bacteria breakdown the poop—gas that is nearly \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/overview-greenhouse-gases#methane\">25 times more destructive\u003c/a> to the climate than carbon dioxide (CO2).\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_112923\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/CivilEatsMethane2-1024x805.jpg\" alt=\"Illustration by Susie Cagle\" width=\"1024\" height=\"805\" class=\"size-full wp-image-112923\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/CivilEatsMethane2-1024x805.jpg 1024w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/CivilEatsMethane2-1024x805-160x126.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/CivilEatsMethane2-1024x805-800x629.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/CivilEatsMethane2-1024x805-768x604.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/CivilEatsMethane2-1024x805-1020x802.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/CivilEatsMethane2-1024x805-960x755.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/CivilEatsMethane2-1024x805-240x189.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/CivilEatsMethane2-1024x805-375x295.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/CivilEatsMethane2-1024x805-520x409.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Illustration by Susie Cagle\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Emissions Contradictions\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s industry and the state’s drive to reduce its environmental impact have long been at tenuous odds. The state is at once a paragon of environmental responsibility, and home to some of the worst air and water pollution in the country; a leader in both regulating business, and incubating innovations that have helped it become the sixth-largest economy in the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That confusion was laid bare in a pair of new laws passed this fall. In September, Governor Jerry Brown signed \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/politics/la-pol-ca-jerry-brown-signs-climate-laws-20160908-snap-story.html\">an ambitious bill\u003c/a> aimed at slashing greenhouse gas emissions, including methane, to 40 percent below 1990 levels by 2030. Those lofty goals would require new regulations of the state’s dairy farms—were it not for \u003ca href=\"http://bigstory.ap.org/article/5b1f0a6b25ee443b951ad61dd0334784/california-governor-backs-rules-cow-landfill-emissions\">the bill Brown signed\u003c/a> several days later, setting aside $50 million from the state’s \u003ca href=\"http://civileats.com/2016/02/02/californias-grand-plan-to-fight-climate-change-on-the-farm-jerry-brown/\">cap and trade funds\u003c/a> to help retrofit gassy dairies and giving the Air Resources Board discretion over how much those dairies would ultimately have to cut emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On its face, the law appears to be an environmental victory—but not all advocates are so optimistic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“History has shown that the [Air Resources Board] does not want to regulate dairies,” says Brent Newell, legal director for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.crpe-ej.org/\">Center on Race, Poverty and the Environment\u003c/a>. “Even though it’s had the authority for 10 years, it has not imposed any mandatory regulations, and the dairy industry has used its political power to prevent that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Western United Dairymen and Milk Producers Council together spent more than $97,000 lobbying state legislators in the first half of 2016, and another $83,500 in campaign contributions this election cycle, according to state records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new law “provides a lot of special treatment for dairies that other industries don’t get,” says Newell. “It entrenches the industrial form of dairy production which is the cause of all this methane and air pollution and water pollution in the first place.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is, at least with current technology, a hard limit on how much methane can really be cut from our current system of animal agriculture. Cows are naturally gassy creatures, producing significant amounts of methane in their basic digestion process. In their fight against SB 1383, the Western United Dairymen and Milk Producers Council \u003ca href=\"http://www.thebusinessjournal.com/news/agriculture/23707-dairy-officials-blast-air-board-over-proposed-methane-reduction-goals\">produced ads\u003c/a> suggesting that environmentalists would go so far as to prevent natural cattle off-gassing, creating unnaturally exploding cows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You feed a cow and she makes milk and the rest comes out the back end,” says U.C. Davis livestock waste management specialist Deanne Meyer. “You can’t mess with biology.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nonetheless, that’s exactly what some scientists are trying to do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_112924\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1500px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/CivilEatsMethane3.gif\" alt=\"Animation by Susie Cagle\" width=\"1500\" height=\"904\" class=\"size-full wp-image-112924\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Animation by Susie Cagle\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In 2014, Argentinean government \u003ca href=\"https://www.fastcoexist.com/3028933/these-backpacks-for-cows-collect-their-fart-gas-and-store-it-for-energy\">researchers unveiled backpacks\u003c/a> that collect cows’ digestive gases before they’re released into the atmosphere, through a tube inserted into their gut. About a quarter of that gas is methane, which can then be separated and used for fuel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the backpacks are currently just a proof of concept, and they’ve been largely dismissed stateside, as have other attempts to hack cow digestion, including the recent development in Denmark of a \u003ca href=\"http://www.bbc.com/news/blogs-news-from-elsewhere-37618474\">super grass\u003c/a> that is easier for cows to digest. Enteric methane emissions are taken for granted, at least for now. Which puts us back into the shit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most California dairy farms are big operations, with hundreds if not thousands of head of cattle that spend much of their lives in close quarters. To clean them quickly and easily, those quarters are flushed with water, concentrating the cows’ waste into manure ponds that in turn offgas more than half of dairy methane.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Is There a Methane Digester Strategy?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the past 30 years, some dairies have sought to cut their emissions voluntarily, treating poo pools more as a usable byproduct than a toxic environmental impact. At scale, decomposing cow manure can be broken down in anaerobic digesters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_112925\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1500px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/CivilEatsMethane4-justlabels.gif\" alt=\"Animation by Susie Cagle\" width=\"1500\" height=\"956\" class=\"size-full wp-image-112925\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Animation by Susie Cagle\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Methane is a big enough issue in California and throughout the world that we need to deal with, and SB 1383 is kind of the direction we’ve been going in all along,” says Albert Straus, who began operating a digester on his Marin County farm, \u003ca href=\"http://strausfamilycreamery.com/\">Straus Family Creamery\u003c/a>, in 2004.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, his facility captures enough methane processed into electricity to run the farm, while the leftover power gets sent back to the grid. But for all the latent potential these digesters have to offset the climate impact of California’s dairies, fewer than 1 percent of the state’s facilities are currently using them, due to a combination of high initial costs, difficult ongoing maintenance, and limited ability to use or store the energy they create.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We haven’t yet really figured out if we can afford the digester strategy,” says Jeanne Merrill, policy director at \u003ca href=\"http://calclimateag.org/\">California Climate and Agriculture Network\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re not economical to operate without massive public subsidies,” says Newell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Between build-out, equipment, and connecting to the existing electric grid, the cost of a digester is generally accepted to be at least a half million dollars, with some estimates closer to $2 million. But Straus doesn’t think it needs to be that way. “Most of those systems take so long to pay off that it’s not realistic,” he says. But his digester cost less than $350,000, with about $150,000 of that covered through government aid, “by simplifying it and making it not built like a Mercedes Benz.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At the end of the day you have to be concerned about the cost,” says Straus. “If you don’t survive as a business, there won’t be digesters operating anyway.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A “digester-first” approach to manure management presumes that manure lagoons are an inevitable cost of the dairy business—and that the other pollutants created in the digestion process are worth it. But environmental advocates disagree. Instead of being flushed into lagoons, manure can also be \u003ca href=\"https://www.marincarbonproject.org/\">scraped, gathered, and composted\u003c/a>, or cows can be let out to pasture with the manure allowed to decompose in small amounts across the land, which naturally results in less methane—both strategies that would incur other costs in tools, labor, and additional land. But at least some of the funding earmarked for dairy retrofitting in SB 1383 could be spent on these other methods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We would like to see at least 50 percent of those funds go to a diversity of dairy management strategies beyond digesters,” says Merrill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have to make sure that this money will be spent in a way that won’t cause more harm,” says Newell. “The silver lining is we made sure that pasture was a recognized manure methane reduction strategy. The other victory we got was a limit on how that $50 million would be spent so it would not lead to an increase in air pollution.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If every scrap of decomposing dairy dung were absorbed by pasture, composted, or digested, the industry as a whole might have an outside, theoretical shot at cutting its methane emissions by 40 percent. But these efforts likely come at great capital, labor, and time costs when the industry is already struggling, so it’s unclear from where the will to change might come.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California dairymen are incredibly innovative and resilient and the people who are here today have made huge modifications to their operations to be more efficient and more mindful about how they use their resources,” says U.C. Davis’ Deanne Meyer. “If you look at our carbon footprint per gallon of milk produced, it’s not going to get much more efficient than what we have going on in California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But regardless of any green goals, lofty or otherwise, California’s dairy farms and their manure lagoons aren’t in imminent danger of sweeping change. The new law provides for an eight-year research period, with the Air Resources Board expected to issue recommendations for emission cuts in 2024.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Dairy Demand May Be Biggest Challenge\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To some degree, California’s dairy majority allows the state to lead U.S. agriculture by example: either toward a more sustainable future, or more of the status quo. But it is hardly a closed economy. Golden State dairy farmers are already grappling with the basic harsh realities of agriculture business, in the form of \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnbc.com/2015/02/10/california-drought-states-tempt-california-dairy-farms--we-have-water.html\">state-wide drought\u003c/a> and a global dip in milk prices. The state has lost hundreds of dairy farms in recent years, both to other states with more water and fewer regulations, and full-scale closure, even as consumers are demanding more dairy than ever.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_112926\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/CivilEatsMethane5-1024x563.jpg\" alt=\"Illustration by Susie Cagle\" width=\"1024\" height=\"563\" class=\"size-full wp-image-112926\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/CivilEatsMethane5-1024x563.jpg 1024w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/CivilEatsMethane5-1024x563-160x88.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/CivilEatsMethane5-1024x563-800x440.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/CivilEatsMethane5-1024x563-768x422.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/CivilEatsMethane5-1024x563-1020x561.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/CivilEatsMethane5-1024x563-960x528.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/CivilEatsMethane5-1024x563-240x132.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/CivilEatsMethane5-1024x563-375x206.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/CivilEatsMethane5-1024x563-520x286.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Illustration by Susie Cagle\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In their 2011 \u003ca href=\"http://www.ewg.org/meateatersguide/a-meat-eaters-guide-to-climate-change-health-what-you-eat-matters/climate-and-environmental-impacts/\">Meat-Eater’s Guide to Climate Change and Health\u003c/a>, the Environmental Working Group ranked cheese third highest for emissions on a list of 20 foods, just below beef and lamb, but higher than pork, chicken, turkey, farmed salmon, and eggs. And \u003ca href=\"http://www.fao.org/publications/sofa/sofa2016/en/\">a new U.N. report\u003c/a> on climate change and food security urges the adoption of more plant-based alternatives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet despite mounting evidence of its environmental impact, dairy production still outpaces that rising demand, as farmers try to milk more profits from falling prices. The U.S. Department of Agriculture recently announced it would be \u003ca href=\"http://www.wsj.com/articles/usda-to-buy-additional-20-million-of-cheese-1476217829\">buying millions of pounds of cheese \u003c/a>in an attempt to offset a growing glut, but it’ll be a small bite. Some farmers are simply \u003ca href=\"http://www.wsj.com/articles/americas-dairy-farmers-dump-43-million-gallons-of-excess-milk-1476284353\">dumping their surplus milk\u003c/a>—more than 43 million gallons of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As \u003ca href=\"http://mobile.reuters.com/article/idUSKCN11X1TG\">methane emissions\u003c/a> continue to rise precipitously—in no small part due to expanding animal agriculture operations worldwide—the potential impact of California’s new rules is still as murky as an industrial farm’s manure lagoon. If any state is to successfully retrofit otherwise harmful animal agriculture practices, it will have to strike an effective balance between industry and the rest of society—a balance that environmental advocates say is entirely achievable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s room for eating ice cream and cheese and butter we just need to produce it in a climate-responsible way,” says Brent Newell. “We can’t have forms of food production that have massive climate impacts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The system we’ve had does not work, so how do we create a system that’s more sustainable? Methane digestion is a piece of it, organic farming is a piece, carbon farming is a piece, being a good member of the community,” says Albert Straus. “Sustainability is all those components. But at the end of the day, you still have to be a profitable business.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And at the end of the day, California’s eyes may be bigger than its plate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“How do you keep the price of the product reasonable and resource use accountable?” asks Meyer. After all: “We’re just California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>ABOUT THE WRITER\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Susie Cagle is a journalist and illustrator in Oakland, California. She has written and drawn for \u003cem>The New York Times\u003c/em>, \u003cem>The Guardian\u003c/em>, ProPublica, and others.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/112919/wrangling-the-climate-impact-of-california-dairy","authors":["byline_bayareabites_112919"],"categories":["bayareabites_60"],"tags":["bayareabites_250","bayareabites_9541","bayareabites_10480","bayareabites_15662"],"featImg":"bayareabites_112921","label":"bayareabites"},"bayareabites_109725":{"type":"posts","id":"bayareabites_109725","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"bayareabites","id":"109725","score":null,"sort":[1464193360000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"what-is-the-meaning-behind-the-moo","title":"What Is The Meaning Behind The Moo?","publishDate":1464193360,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Bay Area Bites | KQED Food","labelTerm":{"site":"bayareabites"},"content":"\u003cp>Whenever I'm out reporting in the field, I can tell many ranchers have a powerful connection with their cattle — it seems they can almost understand them. But researchers today are digging deeper to figure out exactly what cows are saying — and how they communicate through their moos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I drove out to the research farm at the University of Missouri to ask cattle geneticist \u003ca href=\"http://animalsciences.missouri.edu/faculty/decker/\">Jared Decker\u003c/a> to share his expert insights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I can't translate cow moos into English,\" he says. \"But there are certain times when you can tell when the cattle are communicating with one another.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his experience, these are some meanings of the moo:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>They are trying to find their friends.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When cows change environments, like moving from one farm to another, they will moo to try to connect with their friends as they figure out their new surroundings. Decker said it's like going to the school cafeteria after you've just left a classroom. When you enter the cafeteria, you look for your friends. Cows do the same thing when they disembark at a new location.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>They want to make calves.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These moos are the pick-up lines of the cattle world. Bulls and cows let each other know that they are ready, in the words of Marvin Gaye, to get it on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>They've lost their calf or their mother.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researcher Monica Padilla de la Torre and her team looked at \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168159114003049\">communication between cows and their offspring\u003c/a>. When mama cows were separated from their calves, they made a louder, higher-pitched call. When their calves were close, their calls registered at a lower frequency, suggesting that higher-pitched calls are meant to alert calves that they are being missed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The calves themselves made a distinct moo when they wanted milk but couldn't find their mothers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>De la Torre says the calves' higher-frequency moos and the older cow's lower-frequency moos were individually distinctive, suggesting moms and babies may actually recognize each other's voices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>They're hungry.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This call can be directed toward the farmer. It's time for some hay or grain!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>They need to be milked.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These moos can let the farmer know that it's time for a helping hand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>They are stressed out.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maybe it's too hot or maybe they are caught in a fence. Decker says he's noticed a higher-pitched, more frequent moo when cows are dealing with these issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is a flip side to this. One of my biggest problems as a radio reporter: cows not mooing when I'm trying to collect audio for my stories. Decker says that's because happy cows don't need to moo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_109730\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1500px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2016/05/050916_moo_fence_edited_custom-b8376e010d199b6965850a5cbf0872be8f332cea-s1500-c85.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2016/05/050916_moo_fence_edited_custom-b8376e010d199b6965850a5cbf0872be8f332cea-s1500-c85.jpg\" alt=\"Cows often moo when they're stressed out, Decker says — it may be that they're caught in a fence or they're too hot.\" width=\"1500\" height=\"963\" class=\"size-full wp-image-109730\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/05/050916_moo_fence_edited_custom-b8376e010d199b6965850a5cbf0872be8f332cea-s1500-c85.jpg 1500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/05/050916_moo_fence_edited_custom-b8376e010d199b6965850a5cbf0872be8f332cea-s1500-c85-400x257.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/05/050916_moo_fence_edited_custom-b8376e010d199b6965850a5cbf0872be8f332cea-s1500-c85-800x514.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/05/050916_moo_fence_edited_custom-b8376e010d199b6965850a5cbf0872be8f332cea-s1500-c85-768x493.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/05/050916_moo_fence_edited_custom-b8376e010d199b6965850a5cbf0872be8f332cea-s1500-c85-1440x924.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/05/050916_moo_fence_edited_custom-b8376e010d199b6965850a5cbf0872be8f332cea-s1500-c85-1180x758.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/05/050916_moo_fence_edited_custom-b8376e010d199b6965850a5cbf0872be8f332cea-s1500-c85-960x616.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1500px) 100vw, 1500px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cows often moo when they're stressed out, Decker says — it may be that they're caught in a fence or they're too hot. \u003ccite>(Kristofor Husted/Harvest Public Media)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"It's when something's out of the ordinary that they need to moo,\" he says. \"It's 'I'm hungry, farmer come feed me.' It's 'my baby's not near me, let me find my baby calf.' It's ... 'let's make a baby calf.'\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So whether they're at the University of Missouri or Old MacDonald's farm, cows do seem to moo in order to communicate. And that moo may actually mean something specific. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2016 \u003ca href=\"http://www.kbia.org\" target=\"_blank\">KBIA-FM\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Researchers are trying to figure out what cows are saying to each other — and us. Often, it seems that cows moo to communicate that something is wrong, or different.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1464193360,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":24,"wordCount":566},"headData":{"title":"What Is The Meaning Behind The Moo? | KQED","description":"Researchers are trying to figure out what cows are saying to each other — and us. Often, it seems that cows moo to communicate that something is wrong, or different.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"What Is The Meaning Behind The Moo?","datePublished":"2016-05-25T16:22:40.000Z","dateModified":"2016-05-25T16:22:40.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"109725 http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=109725","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2016/05/25/what-is-the-meaning-behind-the-moo/","disqusTitle":"What Is The Meaning Behind The Moo?","nprImageCredit":"Mira Oberman","nprByline":"Kristofor Husted, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/author/nprfood/\">NPR Food\u003c/a>","nprImageAgency":"AFP/Getty Images","nprStoryId":"477476210","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=477476210&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2016/05/25/477476210/what-is-the-meaning-behind-the-moo?ft=nprml&f=477476210","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Wed, 25 May 2016 11:38:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Wed, 25 May 2016 11:37:00 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Wed, 25 May 2016 11:38:15 -0400","path":"/bayareabites/109725/what-is-the-meaning-behind-the-moo","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Whenever I'm out reporting in the field, I can tell many ranchers have a powerful connection with their cattle — it seems they can almost understand them. But researchers today are digging deeper to figure out exactly what cows are saying — and how they communicate through their moos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I drove out to the research farm at the University of Missouri to ask cattle geneticist \u003ca href=\"http://animalsciences.missouri.edu/faculty/decker/\">Jared Decker\u003c/a> to share his expert insights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I can't translate cow moos into English,\" he says. \"But there are certain times when you can tell when the cattle are communicating with one another.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his experience, these are some meanings of the moo:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>They are trying to find their friends.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When cows change environments, like moving from one farm to another, they will moo to try to connect with their friends as they figure out their new surroundings. Decker said it's like going to the school cafeteria after you've just left a classroom. When you enter the cafeteria, you look for your friends. Cows do the same thing when they disembark at a new location.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>They want to make calves.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These moos are the pick-up lines of the cattle world. Bulls and cows let each other know that they are ready, in the words of Marvin Gaye, to get it on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>They've lost their calf or their mother.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researcher Monica Padilla de la Torre and her team looked at \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168159114003049\">communication between cows and their offspring\u003c/a>. When mama cows were separated from their calves, they made a louder, higher-pitched call. When their calves were close, their calls registered at a lower frequency, suggesting that higher-pitched calls are meant to alert calves that they are being missed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The calves themselves made a distinct moo when they wanted milk but couldn't find their mothers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>De la Torre says the calves' higher-frequency moos and the older cow's lower-frequency moos were individually distinctive, suggesting moms and babies may actually recognize each other's voices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>They're hungry.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This call can be directed toward the farmer. It's time for some hay or grain!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>They need to be milked.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These moos can let the farmer know that it's time for a helping hand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>They are stressed out.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maybe it's too hot or maybe they are caught in a fence. Decker says he's noticed a higher-pitched, more frequent moo when cows are dealing with these issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is a flip side to this. One of my biggest problems as a radio reporter: cows not mooing when I'm trying to collect audio for my stories. Decker says that's because happy cows don't need to moo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_109730\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1500px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2016/05/050916_moo_fence_edited_custom-b8376e010d199b6965850a5cbf0872be8f332cea-s1500-c85.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2016/05/050916_moo_fence_edited_custom-b8376e010d199b6965850a5cbf0872be8f332cea-s1500-c85.jpg\" alt=\"Cows often moo when they're stressed out, Decker says — it may be that they're caught in a fence or they're too hot.\" width=\"1500\" height=\"963\" class=\"size-full wp-image-109730\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/05/050916_moo_fence_edited_custom-b8376e010d199b6965850a5cbf0872be8f332cea-s1500-c85.jpg 1500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/05/050916_moo_fence_edited_custom-b8376e010d199b6965850a5cbf0872be8f332cea-s1500-c85-400x257.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/05/050916_moo_fence_edited_custom-b8376e010d199b6965850a5cbf0872be8f332cea-s1500-c85-800x514.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/05/050916_moo_fence_edited_custom-b8376e010d199b6965850a5cbf0872be8f332cea-s1500-c85-768x493.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/05/050916_moo_fence_edited_custom-b8376e010d199b6965850a5cbf0872be8f332cea-s1500-c85-1440x924.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/05/050916_moo_fence_edited_custom-b8376e010d199b6965850a5cbf0872be8f332cea-s1500-c85-1180x758.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/05/050916_moo_fence_edited_custom-b8376e010d199b6965850a5cbf0872be8f332cea-s1500-c85-960x616.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1500px) 100vw, 1500px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cows often moo when they're stressed out, Decker says — it may be that they're caught in a fence or they're too hot. \u003ccite>(Kristofor Husted/Harvest Public Media)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"It's when something's out of the ordinary that they need to moo,\" he says. \"It's 'I'm hungry, farmer come feed me.' It's 'my baby's not near me, let me find my baby calf.' It's ... 'let's make a baby calf.'\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So whether they're at the University of Missouri or Old MacDonald's farm, cows do seem to moo in order to communicate. And that moo may actually mean something specific. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2016 \u003ca href=\"http://www.kbia.org\" target=\"_blank\">KBIA-FM\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/109725/what-is-the-meaning-behind-the-moo","authors":["byline_bayareabites_109725"],"categories":["bayareabites_1874"],"tags":["bayareabites_9541"],"featImg":"bayareabites_109729","label":"bayareabites"},"bayareabites_98862":{"type":"posts","id":"bayareabites_98862","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"bayareabites","id":"98862","score":null,"sort":[1438637405000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"wanted-more-bulls-with-no-horns","title":"Wanted: More Bulls With No Horns","publishDate":1438637405,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Bay Area Bites | KQED Food","labelTerm":{"site":"bayareabites"},"content":"\u003cp>The next time you're in the dairy aisle at the supermarket, take a moment to imagine the animals that produced all that milk. Do these cows have horns? Chances are they do, or at least they did at birth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About \u003ca href=\"http://www.hoards.com/T15july-breed-composition-trends\">85 percent of milk\u003c/a> sold in the United States comes from Holstein cows born with horns. But it's standard practice for farms to remove horns from cattle to prevent injuries to workers, veterinarians and other cows in the herd.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Horned cattle: You get them on the truck, you get twice as many bruises when you get to the slaughterhouses. Bruises have to be cut out and thrown away,\" says Colorado State University professor and well-known animal advocate Temple Grandin. \"In the dairy industry, removing horns improves safety for the stock people and the farmworkers.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But not everyone agrees with the practice of dehorning cattle. In recent years, animal welfare groups including The Humane Society and People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) \u003ca href=\"http://www.peta.org/issues/animals-used-for-food/factory-farming/cows/dairy-industry/dehorning/http:/www.peta.org/issues/animals-used-for-food/factory-farming/cows/dairy-industry/dehorning/\">have called for \u003c/a> an end to horn removal in cattle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their research shows it causes animals significant pain and stress, and that painkillers are rarely used during these procedures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the United States, there are no national rules regarding how farms should remove horns from cattle. Many farms follow the guidelines of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.avma.org/KB/Resources/LiteratureReviews/Documents/dehorning_cattle_bgnd.pdf\">American Veterinary Medical Association\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nationaldairyfarm.com/sites/default/files/FARM_manual_2013_WEB.pdf\">National Milk Producers Federation\u003c/a>, which recommend a practice called disbudding. Disbudding halts the growth of horn tissue in very young calves before pointy horns start to grow. Other dehorning techniques, like excising developing horns with metal scoops, are arguably harder on the cows and the workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Grandin is in favor of disbudding, as long as it's done quickly and with pain relief. \"It's just like the dentist — you've got to wait for the drugs to take effect,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But PETA and The Humane Society are pushing for a different approach. They want dairy farms to breed more hornless, or polled, animals into their herds. Thanks to advances in genomic selection and DNA testing, farmers can more easily find animals that carry naturally occurring hornless genes and breed the best of these animals with horned cattle. To be clear, this isn't genetic modification but breeding, since the polled gene occurs naturally in cattle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What's really exciting is that the polled gene is a dominant gene. Right away you get at least 50 percent of offspring born without the horn gene. Right off the bat, 50 percent of animals are spared from this cruel procedure,\" says PETA spokesman Dave Byer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until recently, selecting for the hornless gene hasn't been a top priority for the dairy industry, which is more interested in traits like superior milk production, cow health and fertility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In the past, there weren't very many polled bulls for farmers to choose from, so the ability to find one with good genetics for milk production and all the other traits was low,\" says Virginia Tech genetics professor Ben Dorshorst. That's changed now: \"It is easier to find a good one, and that gets even more farmers interested in using polled genetics,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dorshorst recently conducted an analysis that revealed there are now twice as many polled dairy bulls for farmers to buy semen from than there were two years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bryan Quanbury, whose company, DairyBullsOnline, specializes in polled dairy breeding, says he's seen that uptick in demand firsthand. \"Five years ago, people hardly knew polled dairy cattle existed. Today farmers are asking for polled bulls,\" he says. \"With increased awareness, there is increased demand.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aurora Organic Dairy, which milks 19,000 cows in Colorado and Texas, began using polled genetics in its herd more than three years ago. Now nearly 70 percent of the farm's newborn calves are hornless.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The main reason that we do a lot of these things at Aurora is because cow care, animal wellbeing, is our no. 1 priority. And we share what we're doing with our customers, and they love it,\" says Aurora's vice president, Juan Velez.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_98864\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 959px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/08/holstein-calf_sq-57e8b08f5f2dc59c919487b7b5f9dc7f57b81465.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/08/holstein-calf_sq-57e8b08f5f2dc59c919487b7b5f9dc7f57b81465.jpg\" alt=\"Most of the milk sold in the US comes from Holstein dairy cows that are born with horns. To protect animals and workers, it's standard practice for farms to remove horns from calves soon after they're born.\" width=\"959\" height=\"960\" class=\"size-full wp-image-98864\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/08/holstein-calf_sq-57e8b08f5f2dc59c919487b7b5f9dc7f57b81465.jpg 959w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/08/holstein-calf_sq-57e8b08f5f2dc59c919487b7b5f9dc7f57b81465-400x400.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/08/holstein-calf_sq-57e8b08f5f2dc59c919487b7b5f9dc7f57b81465-800x801.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/08/holstein-calf_sq-57e8b08f5f2dc59c919487b7b5f9dc7f57b81465-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/08/holstein-calf_sq-57e8b08f5f2dc59c919487b7b5f9dc7f57b81465-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/08/holstein-calf_sq-57e8b08f5f2dc59c919487b7b5f9dc7f57b81465-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/08/holstein-calf_sq-57e8b08f5f2dc59c919487b7b5f9dc7f57b81465-128x128.jpg 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/08/holstein-calf_sq-57e8b08f5f2dc59c919487b7b5f9dc7f57b81465-150x150.jpg 150w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/08/holstein-calf_sq-57e8b08f5f2dc59c919487b7b5f9dc7f57b81465-75x75.jpg 75w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 959px) 100vw, 959px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Most of the milk sold in the US comes from Holstein dairy cows that are born with horns. To protect animals and workers, it's standard practice for farms to remove horns from calves soon after they're born. \u003ccite>(Abbie Fentress Swanson for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Responding to calls from PETA, the Humane Society and concerned customers, many food manufacturers, retailers and restaurants are asking their suppliers to integrate more polled cattle into their herds. In July, the nation's largest supermarket, Kroger, \u003ca href=\"http://sustainability.kroger.com/supply-chain.html\">became the latest retailer to get on board\u003c/a>. Other companies with animal welfare policies that address dehorning and polled genetics in the supply chain include Starbucks, Sodexo, Dannon, Aramark, Nestlé, General Mills, Chipotle, Dunkin' Brands and Wal-Mart.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But these companies aren't requiring suppliers to act, and farms aren't exactly chomping at the bit to make their herds 100 percent polled. Fair Oaks Farms milks 15,000 cows in Indiana and is one of Kroger's largest milk suppliers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We use very little polled breeding,\" says Fair Oaks president Mike McCloskey, because there aren't enough polled dairy bulls that carry the most desirable Holstein traits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As soon as bulls start catching up, you'll see dairy producers across the country using polled breeding, because we all would like to eliminate the process of dehorning,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's also the question of cost. A \u003ca href=\"http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publications.htm?SEQ_NO_115=291629\">recent study from Purdue University and the U.S. Department of Agriculture\u003c/a> found adopting polled genetics and phasing out dehorning may save farmers money in labor and veterinary costs. But polled genetics could also cost farmers lost profits if their hornless cattle produce less milk. Farmers may also have to pay a premium for hornless bull semen – a concern that keeps many farmers from making the jump to polled bulls, says Mark Kerndt, an analyst with the cattle reproduction company Select Sires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if all of America's dairy farms adopt polled genetics, it will be a while before all the milk we buy comes from cows born without horns. Since polled genes in Holsteins occur at a relatively low frequency, farmers and breeders fear inbreeding if they move too quickly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Steve Maddox, who has 3,200 milking cows on his \u003ca href=\"http://www.maddoxdairy.com/new2011/\">California dairy\u003c/a>, is working hard to identify genetically polled animals in his herd. But he says it's slow going.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're trying to stay away from inbreeding, and we're trying to maintain the genetic levels we're at,\" Maddox says. \"You don't want to do it overnight, and you don't want to go back in genetics 20 or 30 years.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Abbie Fentress Swanson is a journalist based in Los Angeles. She covers agriculture, food production, science, health and the environment.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2015 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Most U.S. dairy cows are born with horns, but most farms remove them. Animal welfare groups say dehorning is cruel. Instead, they want ranchers to breed more hornless cattle into their herds.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1438637467,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":27,"wordCount":1143},"headData":{"title":"Wanted: More Bulls With No Horns | KQED","description":"Most U.S. dairy cows are born with horns, but most farms remove them. Animal welfare groups say dehorning is cruel. Instead, they want ranchers to breed more hornless cattle into their herds.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Wanted: More Bulls With No Horns","datePublished":"2015-08-03T21:30:05.000Z","dateModified":"2015-08-03T21:31:07.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"98862 http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=98862","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2015/08/03/wanted-more-bulls-with-no-horns/","disqusTitle":"Wanted: More Bulls With No Horns","nprByline":"Abbie Fentress Swanson, \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/author/nprfood/\">NPR Food\u003c/a>","nprStoryId":"429024245","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=429024245&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2015/08/03/429024245/wanted-more-bulls-with-no-horns?ft=nprml&f=429024245","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Mon, 03 Aug 2015 16:54:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Mon, 03 Aug 2015 16:53:00 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Mon, 03 Aug 2015 16:54:01 -0400","path":"/bayareabites/98862/wanted-more-bulls-with-no-horns","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The next time you're in the dairy aisle at the supermarket, take a moment to imagine the animals that produced all that milk. Do these cows have horns? Chances are they do, or at least they did at birth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About \u003ca href=\"http://www.hoards.com/T15july-breed-composition-trends\">85 percent of milk\u003c/a> sold in the United States comes from Holstein cows born with horns. But it's standard practice for farms to remove horns from cattle to prevent injuries to workers, veterinarians and other cows in the herd.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Horned cattle: You get them on the truck, you get twice as many bruises when you get to the slaughterhouses. Bruises have to be cut out and thrown away,\" says Colorado State University professor and well-known animal advocate Temple Grandin. \"In the dairy industry, removing horns improves safety for the stock people and the farmworkers.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But not everyone agrees with the practice of dehorning cattle. In recent years, animal welfare groups including The Humane Society and People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) \u003ca href=\"http://www.peta.org/issues/animals-used-for-food/factory-farming/cows/dairy-industry/dehorning/http:/www.peta.org/issues/animals-used-for-food/factory-farming/cows/dairy-industry/dehorning/\">have called for \u003c/a> an end to horn removal in cattle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their research shows it causes animals significant pain and stress, and that painkillers are rarely used during these procedures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the United States, there are no national rules regarding how farms should remove horns from cattle. Many farms follow the guidelines of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.avma.org/KB/Resources/LiteratureReviews/Documents/dehorning_cattle_bgnd.pdf\">American Veterinary Medical Association\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nationaldairyfarm.com/sites/default/files/FARM_manual_2013_WEB.pdf\">National Milk Producers Federation\u003c/a>, which recommend a practice called disbudding. Disbudding halts the growth of horn tissue in very young calves before pointy horns start to grow. Other dehorning techniques, like excising developing horns with metal scoops, are arguably harder on the cows and the workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Grandin is in favor of disbudding, as long as it's done quickly and with pain relief. \"It's just like the dentist — you've got to wait for the drugs to take effect,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But PETA and The Humane Society are pushing for a different approach. They want dairy farms to breed more hornless, or polled, animals into their herds. Thanks to advances in genomic selection and DNA testing, farmers can more easily find animals that carry naturally occurring hornless genes and breed the best of these animals with horned cattle. To be clear, this isn't genetic modification but breeding, since the polled gene occurs naturally in cattle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What's really exciting is that the polled gene is a dominant gene. Right away you get at least 50 percent of offspring born without the horn gene. Right off the bat, 50 percent of animals are spared from this cruel procedure,\" says PETA spokesman Dave Byer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until recently, selecting for the hornless gene hasn't been a top priority for the dairy industry, which is more interested in traits like superior milk production, cow health and fertility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In the past, there weren't very many polled bulls for farmers to choose from, so the ability to find one with good genetics for milk production and all the other traits was low,\" says Virginia Tech genetics professor Ben Dorshorst. That's changed now: \"It is easier to find a good one, and that gets even more farmers interested in using polled genetics,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dorshorst recently conducted an analysis that revealed there are now twice as many polled dairy bulls for farmers to buy semen from than there were two years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bryan Quanbury, whose company, DairyBullsOnline, specializes in polled dairy breeding, says he's seen that uptick in demand firsthand. \"Five years ago, people hardly knew polled dairy cattle existed. Today farmers are asking for polled bulls,\" he says. \"With increased awareness, there is increased demand.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aurora Organic Dairy, which milks 19,000 cows in Colorado and Texas, began using polled genetics in its herd more than three years ago. Now nearly 70 percent of the farm's newborn calves are hornless.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The main reason that we do a lot of these things at Aurora is because cow care, animal wellbeing, is our no. 1 priority. And we share what we're doing with our customers, and they love it,\" says Aurora's vice president, Juan Velez.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_98864\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 959px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/08/holstein-calf_sq-57e8b08f5f2dc59c919487b7b5f9dc7f57b81465.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/08/holstein-calf_sq-57e8b08f5f2dc59c919487b7b5f9dc7f57b81465.jpg\" alt=\"Most of the milk sold in the US comes from Holstein dairy cows that are born with horns. To protect animals and workers, it's standard practice for farms to remove horns from calves soon after they're born.\" width=\"959\" height=\"960\" class=\"size-full wp-image-98864\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/08/holstein-calf_sq-57e8b08f5f2dc59c919487b7b5f9dc7f57b81465.jpg 959w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/08/holstein-calf_sq-57e8b08f5f2dc59c919487b7b5f9dc7f57b81465-400x400.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/08/holstein-calf_sq-57e8b08f5f2dc59c919487b7b5f9dc7f57b81465-800x801.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/08/holstein-calf_sq-57e8b08f5f2dc59c919487b7b5f9dc7f57b81465-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/08/holstein-calf_sq-57e8b08f5f2dc59c919487b7b5f9dc7f57b81465-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/08/holstein-calf_sq-57e8b08f5f2dc59c919487b7b5f9dc7f57b81465-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/08/holstein-calf_sq-57e8b08f5f2dc59c919487b7b5f9dc7f57b81465-128x128.jpg 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/08/holstein-calf_sq-57e8b08f5f2dc59c919487b7b5f9dc7f57b81465-150x150.jpg 150w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/08/holstein-calf_sq-57e8b08f5f2dc59c919487b7b5f9dc7f57b81465-75x75.jpg 75w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 959px) 100vw, 959px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Most of the milk sold in the US comes from Holstein dairy cows that are born with horns. To protect animals and workers, it's standard practice for farms to remove horns from calves soon after they're born. \u003ccite>(Abbie Fentress Swanson for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Responding to calls from PETA, the Humane Society and concerned customers, many food manufacturers, retailers and restaurants are asking their suppliers to integrate more polled cattle into their herds. In July, the nation's largest supermarket, Kroger, \u003ca href=\"http://sustainability.kroger.com/supply-chain.html\">became the latest retailer to get on board\u003c/a>. Other companies with animal welfare policies that address dehorning and polled genetics in the supply chain include Starbucks, Sodexo, Dannon, Aramark, Nestlé, General Mills, Chipotle, Dunkin' Brands and Wal-Mart.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But these companies aren't requiring suppliers to act, and farms aren't exactly chomping at the bit to make their herds 100 percent polled. Fair Oaks Farms milks 15,000 cows in Indiana and is one of Kroger's largest milk suppliers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We use very little polled breeding,\" says Fair Oaks president Mike McCloskey, because there aren't enough polled dairy bulls that carry the most desirable Holstein traits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As soon as bulls start catching up, you'll see dairy producers across the country using polled breeding, because we all would like to eliminate the process of dehorning,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's also the question of cost. A \u003ca href=\"http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publications.htm?SEQ_NO_115=291629\">recent study from Purdue University and the U.S. Department of Agriculture\u003c/a> found adopting polled genetics and phasing out dehorning may save farmers money in labor and veterinary costs. But polled genetics could also cost farmers lost profits if their hornless cattle produce less milk. Farmers may also have to pay a premium for hornless bull semen – a concern that keeps many farmers from making the jump to polled bulls, says Mark Kerndt, an analyst with the cattle reproduction company Select Sires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if all of America's dairy farms adopt polled genetics, it will be a while before all the milk we buy comes from cows born without horns. Since polled genes in Holsteins occur at a relatively low frequency, farmers and breeders fear inbreeding if they move too quickly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Steve Maddox, who has 3,200 milking cows on his \u003ca href=\"http://www.maddoxdairy.com/new2011/\">California dairy\u003c/a>, is working hard to identify genetically polled animals in his herd. But he says it's slow going.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're trying to stay away from inbreeding, and we're trying to maintain the genetic levels we're at,\" Maddox says. \"You don't want to do it overnight, and you don't want to go back in genetics 20 or 30 years.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Abbie Fentress Swanson is a journalist based in Los Angeles. She covers agriculture, food production, science, health and the environment.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2015 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/98862/wanted-more-bulls-with-no-horns","authors":["byline_bayareabites_98862"],"categories":["bayareabites_4084","bayareabites_10916","bayareabites_2035"],"tags":["bayareabites_9887","bayareabites_9541","bayareabites_14684","bayareabites_14686","bayareabites_13595","bayareabites_14685","bayareabites_14683"],"featImg":"bayareabites_98863","label":"bayareabites"},"bayareabites_93722":{"type":"posts","id":"bayareabites_93722","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"bayareabites","id":"93722","score":null,"sort":[1425847260000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"fda-tests-turn-up-dairy-farmers-breaking-the-law-on-antibiotics","title":"FDA Tests Turn Up Dairy Farmers Breaking The Law On Antibiotics","publishDate":1425847260,"format":"aside","headTitle":"Bay Area Bites | KQED Food","labelTerm":{"site":"bayareabites"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_93723\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/03/istock_000019322566xlarge_edit_custom-9d4c4a33422ae3c4775983ae0de71646537c78c4-e1425847073871.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/03/istock_000019322566xlarge_edit_custom-9d4c4a33422ae3c4775983ae0de71646537c78c4-e1425847073871.jpg\" alt=\"FDA tests have turned up residues suggesting a few dairy farmers are illegally using antibiotics. Photo: iStockphoto\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1276\" class=\"size-full wp-image-93723\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/03/istock_000019322566xlarge_edit_custom-9d4c4a33422ae3c4775983ae0de71646537c78c4-e1425847073871.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/03/istock_000019322566xlarge_edit_custom-9d4c4a33422ae3c4775983ae0de71646537c78c4-e1425847073871-400x266.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/03/istock_000019322566xlarge_edit_custom-9d4c4a33422ae3c4775983ae0de71646537c78c4-e1425847073871-800x532.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/03/istock_000019322566xlarge_edit_custom-9d4c4a33422ae3c4775983ae0de71646537c78c4-e1425847073871-1440x957.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/03/istock_000019322566xlarge_edit_custom-9d4c4a33422ae3c4775983ae0de71646537c78c4-e1425847073871-1180x784.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/03/istock_000019322566xlarge_edit_custom-9d4c4a33422ae3c4775983ae0de71646537c78c4-e1425847073871-768x510.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/03/istock_000019322566xlarge_edit_custom-9d4c4a33422ae3c4775983ae0de71646537c78c4-e1425847073871-320x213.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">FDA tests have turned up residues suggesting a few dairy farmers are illegally using antibiotics. Photo: iStockphoto\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>By \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/143160021/daniel-charles\" target=\"_blank\">Dan Charles\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2015/03/08/391248045/fda-tests-turn-up-dairy-farmers-breaking-the-law-on-antibiotics\" target=\"_blank\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (3/8/15)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it comes to the current controversy over antibiotic use on farm animals, milk is in a special category.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lactating cows, unlike hogs, cattle or chickens that are raised for their meat, don't receive antibiotics unless they are actually sick. That's because drug residues immediately appear in the cow's milk — a violation of food safety rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Milk shipments are tested for six of the most widely used antibiotics, and any truckload that tests positive is rejected. So when cows are treated, farmers discard their milk for several days until the residues disappear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet a new \u003ca href=\"http://www.fda.gov/downloads/AnimalVeterinary/GuidanceComplianceEnforcement/ComplianceEnforcement/UCM435759.pdf\">report\u003c/a> from the Food and Drug Administration reveals that a few farmers are slipping through a hole in this enforcement net. These farmers are using antibiotics that the routine tests don't try to detect, because the drugs aren't supposed to be used on dairy cows at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FDA looked for 31 different drugs in samples of milk from almost 2,000 dairy farms. About half of the farms — the \"targeted\" group — had come under suspicion for sending cows to slaughter that turned out to have drug residues in their meat. The other farms were a random sample of all milk producers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just over 1 percent of the samples from the \"targeted\" group, and 0.4 percent of the randomly collected samples, contained drug residues. An antibiotic called Florfenicol was the most common drug detected, but 11 other drugs also turned up. Perhaps most disturbing: None of the drugs that the FDA detected are approved for use in lactating dairy cows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because the survey was carried out for research purposes, the samples were collected anonymously, and the FDA cannot send investigators to the farms to find out what happened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.vet.k-state.edu/education/clinical-sciences/faculty-staff/faculty/apley/\">Mike Apley\u003c/a>, a researcher at Kansas State University's College of Veterinary Medicine, says that it is \"totally illegal\" for dairy farmers to use two of the drugs that the FDA detected: Ciproflaxacin and Sulfamethazine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the case of other drugs, he says, the situation is more complicated. It's illegal for farmers to use those drugs on their own, but veterinarians are allowed to authorize their use in dairy cows under certain strict conditions. Veterinarians also are supposed to ensure that no residues enter the food supply. For whatever reason, that veterinary safeguard didn't work in these cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. William Flynn, deputy director for science policy in the FDA's Center for Veterinary Medicine, chose to focus on the fact that the violations were uncommon. \"These are encouraging findings,\" Flynn tells The Salt. The low number of violations indicates that \"things are working well.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Flynn says the FDA is working on plans to stop illegal drug use by dairy farmers. This could include testing all milk for a larger number of antibiotics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://vetmed.tamu.edu/vtpb/directorydetail?userid=346\">Morgan Scott\u003c/a>, a veterinary epidemiologist at Texas A&M University, noted that a small number of farmers, through their reckless use of drugs, may end up imposing substantial costs on all other dairy farmers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That, to me, is tragic, that some farmers don't think that keeping the reputation of the industry intact is a priority,\" he says. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003cem>Copyright 2015 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Random tests of milk reveal that a few farmers are treating dairy cows with antibiotics that aren't supposed to be used on them. The FDA is now considering tighter controls to prevent such practices.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1425847260,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":17,"wordCount":557},"headData":{"title":"FDA Tests Turn Up Dairy Farmers Breaking The Law On Antibiotics | KQED","description":"Random tests of milk reveal that a few farmers are treating dairy cows with antibiotics that aren't supposed to be used on them. The FDA is now considering tighter controls to prevent such practices.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"FDA Tests Turn Up Dairy Farmers Breaking The Law On Antibiotics","datePublished":"2015-03-08T20:41:00.000Z","dateModified":"2015-03-08T20:41:00.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"93722 http://blogs.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=93722","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2015/03/08/fda-tests-turn-up-dairy-farmers-breaking-the-law-on-antibiotics/","disqusTitle":"FDA Tests Turn Up Dairy Farmers Breaking The Law On Antibiotics","nprByline":"Dan Charles","nprStoryId":"391248045","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=391248045&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2015/03/08/391248045/fda-tests-turn-up-dairy-farmers-breaking-the-law-on-antibiotics?ft=nprml&f=391248045","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Sun, 08 Mar 2015 15:02:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Sun, 08 Mar 2015 15:02:00 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Sun, 08 Mar 2015 15:02:52 -0400","path":"/bayareabites/93722/fda-tests-turn-up-dairy-farmers-breaking-the-law-on-antibiotics","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_93723\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/03/istock_000019322566xlarge_edit_custom-9d4c4a33422ae3c4775983ae0de71646537c78c4-e1425847073871.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/03/istock_000019322566xlarge_edit_custom-9d4c4a33422ae3c4775983ae0de71646537c78c4-e1425847073871.jpg\" alt=\"FDA tests have turned up residues suggesting a few dairy farmers are illegally using antibiotics. Photo: iStockphoto\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1276\" class=\"size-full wp-image-93723\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/03/istock_000019322566xlarge_edit_custom-9d4c4a33422ae3c4775983ae0de71646537c78c4-e1425847073871.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/03/istock_000019322566xlarge_edit_custom-9d4c4a33422ae3c4775983ae0de71646537c78c4-e1425847073871-400x266.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/03/istock_000019322566xlarge_edit_custom-9d4c4a33422ae3c4775983ae0de71646537c78c4-e1425847073871-800x532.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/03/istock_000019322566xlarge_edit_custom-9d4c4a33422ae3c4775983ae0de71646537c78c4-e1425847073871-1440x957.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/03/istock_000019322566xlarge_edit_custom-9d4c4a33422ae3c4775983ae0de71646537c78c4-e1425847073871-1180x784.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/03/istock_000019322566xlarge_edit_custom-9d4c4a33422ae3c4775983ae0de71646537c78c4-e1425847073871-768x510.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/03/istock_000019322566xlarge_edit_custom-9d4c4a33422ae3c4775983ae0de71646537c78c4-e1425847073871-320x213.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">FDA tests have turned up residues suggesting a few dairy farmers are illegally using antibiotics. Photo: iStockphoto\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>By \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/143160021/daniel-charles\" target=\"_blank\">Dan Charles\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2015/03/08/391248045/fda-tests-turn-up-dairy-farmers-breaking-the-law-on-antibiotics\" target=\"_blank\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (3/8/15)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it comes to the current controversy over antibiotic use on farm animals, milk is in a special category.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lactating cows, unlike hogs, cattle or chickens that are raised for their meat, don't receive antibiotics unless they are actually sick. That's because drug residues immediately appear in the cow's milk — a violation of food safety rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Milk shipments are tested for six of the most widely used antibiotics, and any truckload that tests positive is rejected. So when cows are treated, farmers discard their milk for several days until the residues disappear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet a new \u003ca href=\"http://www.fda.gov/downloads/AnimalVeterinary/GuidanceComplianceEnforcement/ComplianceEnforcement/UCM435759.pdf\">report\u003c/a> from the Food and Drug Administration reveals that a few farmers are slipping through a hole in this enforcement net. These farmers are using antibiotics that the routine tests don't try to detect, because the drugs aren't supposed to be used on dairy cows at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FDA looked for 31 different drugs in samples of milk from almost 2,000 dairy farms. About half of the farms — the \"targeted\" group — had come under suspicion for sending cows to slaughter that turned out to have drug residues in their meat. The other farms were a random sample of all milk producers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just over 1 percent of the samples from the \"targeted\" group, and 0.4 percent of the randomly collected samples, contained drug residues. An antibiotic called Florfenicol was the most common drug detected, but 11 other drugs also turned up. Perhaps most disturbing: None of the drugs that the FDA detected are approved for use in lactating dairy cows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because the survey was carried out for research purposes, the samples were collected anonymously, and the FDA cannot send investigators to the farms to find out what happened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.vet.k-state.edu/education/clinical-sciences/faculty-staff/faculty/apley/\">Mike Apley\u003c/a>, a researcher at Kansas State University's College of Veterinary Medicine, says that it is \"totally illegal\" for dairy farmers to use two of the drugs that the FDA detected: Ciproflaxacin and Sulfamethazine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the case of other drugs, he says, the situation is more complicated. It's illegal for farmers to use those drugs on their own, but veterinarians are allowed to authorize their use in dairy cows under certain strict conditions. Veterinarians also are supposed to ensure that no residues enter the food supply. For whatever reason, that veterinary safeguard didn't work in these cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. William Flynn, deputy director for science policy in the FDA's Center for Veterinary Medicine, chose to focus on the fact that the violations were uncommon. \"These are encouraging findings,\" Flynn tells The Salt. The low number of violations indicates that \"things are working well.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Flynn says the FDA is working on plans to stop illegal drug use by dairy farmers. This could include testing all milk for a larger number of antibiotics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://vetmed.tamu.edu/vtpb/directorydetail?userid=346\">Morgan Scott\u003c/a>, a veterinary epidemiologist at Texas A&M University, noted that a small number of farmers, through their reckless use of drugs, may end up imposing substantial costs on all other dairy farmers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That, to me, is tragic, that some farmers don't think that keeping the reputation of the industry intact is a priority,\" he says. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003cem>Copyright 2015 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/93722/fda-tests-turn-up-dairy-farmers-breaking-the-law-on-antibiotics","authors":["byline_bayareabites_93722"],"categories":["bayareabites_1874","bayareabites_10028","bayareabites_1245","bayareabites_10916","bayareabites_2035"],"tags":["bayareabites_11521","bayareabites_9541","bayareabites_10480","bayareabites_11270","bayareabites_2608","bayareabites_10921"],"featImg":"bayareabites_93723","label":"bayareabites"},"bayareabites_76659":{"type":"posts","id":"bayareabites_76659","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"bayareabites","id":"76659","score":null,"sort":[1396555218000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"the-lexicon-of-sustainability-grass-fed-features-joel-salatin-of-polyface-farm","title":"The Lexicon of Sustainability: \"Grass Fed\" features Joel Salatin of Polyface Farm","publishDate":1396555218,"format":"aside","headTitle":"Bay Area Bites | KQED Food","labelTerm":{"site":"bayareabites"},"content":"\u003cdiv class=\"single-video\">\u003ciframe width=\"560\" height=\"403\" src=\"http://video.pbs.org/viralplayer/2365168419\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" seamless>\u003c/iframe>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>What does it mean to eat grass fed beef? What are the larger implications of producing and eating grass fed beef on animals, the environment and ourselves? In this new video, \"Grass Fed\" from \u003ca href=\"http://www.lexiconofsustainability.com/\" target=\"_blank\">The Lexicon of Sustainability\u003c/a> project, filmmaker \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2012/05/15/the-lexicon-of-sustainability-q-a-with-filmmaker-douglas-gayeton/\" target=\"_blank\">Douglas Gayeton\u003c/a> explores grass farming, rotational grazing, industrial feed lots or Concentrated Animal Feed Operations (CAFOs), carbon sequestration and other concepts. The video features Virginia-based farmer Joel Salatin of Polyface Farm (you may recognize him from the documentary \u003ca href=\"http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1286537/?ref_=nm_flmg_slf_5\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cem>Food, Inc\u003c/em>\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>5 Quotes from Farmer \u003ca href=\"http://www.polyfacefarms.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Joel Salatin of Polyface Farms\u003c/a>, Virginia\u003c/strong> (Excerpted from a conversation with Douglas Gayeton)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Role models:\u003c/strong> \"Well, number one was my Dad. My Dad was an early adherent to organic gardening and farming. And his Dad, my grandfather, was a charter subscriber to Rodale’s \u003cem>Organic Gardening\u003c/em> and \u003cem>Farming Magazine\u003c/em> when it first came out in 1947, '48. My awareness and lineage, I would say , we don't have a conversion express. We were born lunatics so it goes deep. It's way, way back there.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_80030\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 290px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/03/LEXISHORT9_GRASSFARMER_Roughcut_09.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/03/LEXISHORT9_GRASSFARMER_Roughcut_09-290x163.jpg\" alt=\"Farmer Joel Salatin of Polyface Farms\" width=\"290\" height=\"163\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-80030\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Farmer Joel Salatin of Polyface Farms\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Consumers and convenience:\u003c/strong> \"There's no question, farmers, the food system will bend to whatever consumers demand. One of the biggest misnomers in the whole food system right now are consumers who demand me to have my product at Walmart. That's one of the biggest, I don't know what, fallacies or whatever. Not only do I not want to be at Walmart, I don't even think there should be a Walmart...I think that is perhaps one of the single biggest consumer issues...because all of us, me included, all of us like convenience. We like it to be easy. We like to think that we can fundamentally change everything without changing very much about our lives or about our awareness or about our eating habits or lifestyle. The fact is we are so far off where we need to be that it's going to take all of us fundamentally changing some pretty basic things and not just making it a 10% deviation from what we're doing now.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On not being certified organic:\u003c/strong> \"I've always said that organic is not a codified thing. It's a movement, it's a system of thought...We have a 24/7, 365 open-door policy that anyone can come from anywhere in the world, at any time to see anything unannounced. That's our commitment to transparency on open sourcing. Show me the organic farm that will do that and you're onto something.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_80032\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 290px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/03/LEXISHORT9_GRASSFARMER_09.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/03/LEXISHORT9_GRASSFARMER_09-290x163.jpg\" alt='Screenshot from \"Grass Fed video\"' width=\"290\" height=\"163\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-80032\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Screenshot from \"Grass Fed video\"\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Grass fed vs corn fed:\u003c/strong> \"Grass fed is much superior, much superior nutritionally...It's ecologically healing, instead of ecologically destroying. It’s fundamentally different and superior by every measure you can measure. It's even more productive per acre. You actually produce more for acre as well.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On locally produced being the accepted standard of the future:\u003c/strong> \"I went to this restaurant...that was like a farm-to-table type. There’s a chalkboard and they listed out all of the foods that they were serving. They had Polyface chicken there, and I said to the waitress, 'I’m actually going to be on that farm tomorrow. I think I'm obviously going to have that chicken because I'm going to be there tomorrow and it would be nice to have that.'\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The chef sat down with me at the counter because it was at the end of the night. And we just had we struck up a conversation and I said, 'It must be nice to you to be able to have...so many agricultural resources nearby. You can actually have that chalkboard there.'\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And he said, 'I hate that chalkboard. I think it's pathetic.' And I asked him, 'Why?' He said, 'I hate the fact that...I have to tell you that all of these vegetables and all of this food that I'm serving is local. Wouldn't it be great if you just knew wherever you went that it was local to that place and that everything would have a little bit different personality because of it?'\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/01/LEX15_mobstocking.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-76660\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/01/LEX15_mobstocking.jpg\" alt=\"grassfed vs. cornfed\" width=\"1368\" height=\"1149\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>All images, artwork and video by Douglas Gayeton\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"What does it mean to eat grass fed beef? What are the larger implications of producing and eating grass fed beef on animals, the environment and ourselves? In this new video, “Grass Fed” from the Lexicon of Sustainability project, filmmaker Douglas Gayeton explores grass farming, rotational grazing and other concepts with Virginia-based farmer Joel Salatin of Polyface Farm.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1396560153,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":true,"iframeSrcs":["http://video.pbs.org/viralplayer/2365168419"],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":13,"wordCount":709},"headData":{"title":"The Lexicon of Sustainability: \"Grass Fed\" features Joel Salatin of Polyface Farm | KQED","description":"What does it mean to eat grass fed beef? What are the larger implications of producing and eating grass fed beef on animals, the environment and ourselves? In this new video, “Grass Fed” from the Lexicon of Sustainability project, filmmaker Douglas Gayeton explores grass farming, rotational grazing and other concepts with Virginia-based farmer Joel Salatin of Polyface Farm.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"The Lexicon of Sustainability: \"Grass Fed\" features Joel Salatin of Polyface Farm","datePublished":"2014-04-03T20:00:18.000Z","dateModified":"2014-04-03T21:22:33.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"76659 http://blogs.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=76659","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2014/04/03/the-lexicon-of-sustainability-grass-fed-features-joel-salatin-of-polyface-farm/","disqusTitle":"The Lexicon of Sustainability: \"Grass Fed\" features Joel Salatin of Polyface Farm","path":"/bayareabites/76659/the-lexicon-of-sustainability-grass-fed-features-joel-salatin-of-polyface-farm","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cdiv class=\"single-video\">\u003ciframe width=\"560\" height=\"403\" src=\"http://video.pbs.org/viralplayer/2365168419\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" seamless>\u003c/iframe>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>What does it mean to eat grass fed beef? What are the larger implications of producing and eating grass fed beef on animals, the environment and ourselves? In this new video, \"Grass Fed\" from \u003ca href=\"http://www.lexiconofsustainability.com/\" target=\"_blank\">The Lexicon of Sustainability\u003c/a> project, filmmaker \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2012/05/15/the-lexicon-of-sustainability-q-a-with-filmmaker-douglas-gayeton/\" target=\"_blank\">Douglas Gayeton\u003c/a> explores grass farming, rotational grazing, industrial feed lots or Concentrated Animal Feed Operations (CAFOs), carbon sequestration and other concepts. The video features Virginia-based farmer Joel Salatin of Polyface Farm (you may recognize him from the documentary \u003ca href=\"http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1286537/?ref_=nm_flmg_slf_5\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cem>Food, Inc\u003c/em>\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>5 Quotes from Farmer \u003ca href=\"http://www.polyfacefarms.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Joel Salatin of Polyface Farms\u003c/a>, Virginia\u003c/strong> (Excerpted from a conversation with Douglas Gayeton)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Role models:\u003c/strong> \"Well, number one was my Dad. My Dad was an early adherent to organic gardening and farming. And his Dad, my grandfather, was a charter subscriber to Rodale’s \u003cem>Organic Gardening\u003c/em> and \u003cem>Farming Magazine\u003c/em> when it first came out in 1947, '48. My awareness and lineage, I would say , we don't have a conversion express. We were born lunatics so it goes deep. It's way, way back there.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_80030\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 290px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/03/LEXISHORT9_GRASSFARMER_Roughcut_09.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/03/LEXISHORT9_GRASSFARMER_Roughcut_09-290x163.jpg\" alt=\"Farmer Joel Salatin of Polyface Farms\" width=\"290\" height=\"163\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-80030\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Farmer Joel Salatin of Polyface Farms\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Consumers and convenience:\u003c/strong> \"There's no question, farmers, the food system will bend to whatever consumers demand. One of the biggest misnomers in the whole food system right now are consumers who demand me to have my product at Walmart. That's one of the biggest, I don't know what, fallacies or whatever. Not only do I not want to be at Walmart, I don't even think there should be a Walmart...I think that is perhaps one of the single biggest consumer issues...because all of us, me included, all of us like convenience. We like it to be easy. We like to think that we can fundamentally change everything without changing very much about our lives or about our awareness or about our eating habits or lifestyle. The fact is we are so far off where we need to be that it's going to take all of us fundamentally changing some pretty basic things and not just making it a 10% deviation from what we're doing now.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On not being certified organic:\u003c/strong> \"I've always said that organic is not a codified thing. It's a movement, it's a system of thought...We have a 24/7, 365 open-door policy that anyone can come from anywhere in the world, at any time to see anything unannounced. That's our commitment to transparency on open sourcing. Show me the organic farm that will do that and you're onto something.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_80032\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 290px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/03/LEXISHORT9_GRASSFARMER_09.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/03/LEXISHORT9_GRASSFARMER_09-290x163.jpg\" alt='Screenshot from \"Grass Fed video\"' width=\"290\" height=\"163\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-80032\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Screenshot from \"Grass Fed video\"\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Grass fed vs corn fed:\u003c/strong> \"Grass fed is much superior, much superior nutritionally...It's ecologically healing, instead of ecologically destroying. It’s fundamentally different and superior by every measure you can measure. It's even more productive per acre. You actually produce more for acre as well.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On locally produced being the accepted standard of the future:\u003c/strong> \"I went to this restaurant...that was like a farm-to-table type. There’s a chalkboard and they listed out all of the foods that they were serving. They had Polyface chicken there, and I said to the waitress, 'I’m actually going to be on that farm tomorrow. I think I'm obviously going to have that chicken because I'm going to be there tomorrow and it would be nice to have that.'\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The chef sat down with me at the counter because it was at the end of the night. And we just had we struck up a conversation and I said, 'It must be nice to you to be able to have...so many agricultural resources nearby. You can actually have that chalkboard there.'\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And he said, 'I hate that chalkboard. I think it's pathetic.' And I asked him, 'Why?' He said, 'I hate the fact that...I have to tell you that all of these vegetables and all of this food that I'm serving is local. Wouldn't it be great if you just knew wherever you went that it was local to that place and that everything would have a little bit different personality because of it?'\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/01/LEX15_mobstocking.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-76660\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/01/LEX15_mobstocking.jpg\" alt=\"grassfed vs. cornfed\" width=\"1368\" height=\"1149\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>All images, artwork and video by Douglas Gayeton\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/76659/the-lexicon-of-sustainability-grass-fed-features-joel-salatin-of-polyface-farm","authors":["2100"],"categories":["bayareabites_752","bayareabites_1874","bayareabites_95","bayareabites_2035","bayareabites_60","bayareabites_1593","bayareabites_316"],"tags":["bayareabites_129","bayareabites_4082","bayareabites_12941","bayareabites_620","bayareabites_12940","bayareabites_12939","bayareabites_9541","bayareabites_744","bayareabites_12943","bayareabites_12049","bayareabites_13242","bayareabites_12942","bayareabites_12937","bayareabites_13183"],"featImg":"bayareabites_80028","label":"bayareabites"},"bayareabites_78759":{"type":"posts","id":"bayareabites_78759","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"bayareabites","id":"78759","score":null,"sort":[1393893816000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"the-secret-lives-of-cows-jumping-for-joy","title":"The Secret Lives of Cows: Jumping for Joy","publishDate":1393893816,"format":"aside","headTitle":"Bay Area Bites | KQED Food","labelTerm":{"site":"bayareabites"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_78760\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1674px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/03/111652924_wide-557cacc1210fac2bf7fe802e99fce6c6dbbb2219.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/03/111652924_wide-557cacc1210fac2bf7fe802e99fce6c6dbbb2219.jpg\" alt=\"Not quite jumping over the moon but ... : An animal named Luna (get it?) jumps over an obstacle with rider Regina Mayer on her back in the Bavarian town of Traunstein, in southern Germany. Photo: Michael Hudelist/AFP/Getty Images\" width=\"1674\" height=\"940\" class=\"size-full wp-image-78760\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Not quite jumping over the moon but ... : An animal named Luna (get it?) jumps over an obstacle with rider Regina Mayer on her back in the Bavarian town of Traunstein, in southern Germany. Photo: Michael Hudelist/AFP/Getty Images\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Post by Maria Godoy, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/02/24/282169577/the-secret-lives-of-cows-jumping-for-joy\" target=\"_blank\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (3/3/2014)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ah, cows. They're big, lumbering, earthbound beasts, right? But sometimes, Bessie and pals just have to get airborne.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That gif of dairy cows \"jumping for joy\" is from a \u003ca href=\"bit.ly/1ff0Dd1\">video\u003c/a> that's been making the rounds on the Internet. We spotted it last week when food journalist Michael Pollan tweeted it out:\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv id=\"res283939346\" class=\"bucketwrap twitter large graphic624\">\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp>Sweet video: Cows Literally Jump For Joy After Being Freed From A Dairy Farm Into An Open Field Again \u003ca href=\"http://t.co/hvyNKyYQAI\">http://t.co/hvyNKyYQAI\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Michael Pollan (@michaelpollan) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/michaelpollan/statuses/437744633289121792\">February 24, 2014\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cscript async src=\"//platform.twitter.com/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\">\u003c/script>\n \u003c/p>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Turns out, the cows pictured hadn't just been \"freed from a dairy farm,\" as the title of the video suggests. Still, they had quite a history. With their milking days behind them, these dairy cows had been headed to the slaughterhouse, according to the video's subtitles (it's in German). But an animal welfare group called \u003ca href=\"http://www.kuhrettung.de/\">Kuhrettung Rhein-Berg\u003c/a> stepped in to offer the cows a retirement home. In this video from the group, we see the animals relishing their release from their winter housing into the great outdoors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's a moving scene, given the cows' backstory. But is it \"literally jumping for joy,\" as the title puts it?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We can certainly interpret it as positive excitement,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.agr.gc.ca/eng/science-and-innovation/research-centres/british-columbia/pacific-agri-food-research-centre-agassiz/scientific-staff-and-expertise-pacific-agri-food-research-centre-agassiz/de-passille-anne-marie-phd/?id=1181935452270\">Anne Marie de Passille\u003c/a>, a Canadian researcher who studies the play behavior of cows. \"Can it be joy? Who knows how to identify joy in cows? We have a hard time identifying it in humans,\" she jokes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>What we do know, she says, is that cows love a change of scenery. And a switch from the concrete floors of the indoors to a soft green pasture would surely help break a bovine's winter blues, she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, cows are suckers for novelty, adds de Passille's colleague, \u003ca href=\"http://www.agr.gc.ca/eng/science-and-innovation/research-centres/british-columbia/pacific-agri-food-research-centre-agassiz/scientific-staff-and-expertise-pacific-agri-food-research-centre-agassiz/rushen-jeffrey-phd/?id=1181920596212\">Jeffrey Rushen\u003c/a>. They get an extra spring or leap in their step \"whenever something new or unexpected happens,\" he says – say, changing their bedding or letting them out or back in. \"We think it's a sign that things are well with them.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And happy cows can really catch some air – a young cow can easily clear a five-foot fence, he says. \u003ca href=\"http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/howaboutthat/6831123/Cow-jumps-six-feet-on-to-roof.html\">This one in Britain\u003c/a> jumped six feet to land on the roof of a house.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>http://www.npr.org/assets/img/2014/02/27/CowPyschology.gif\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some places, including \u003ca href=\"http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2513279/The-cow-CAN-jump-moon--Finlands-bizarre-bovine-agility-competition-dont-ask-pull-udder-one.html\">Finland\u003c/a>, it seems, cow jumping competitions – a la equestrian show-jumping – are an official \u003cem>thing\u003c/em>. Is that animal cruelty? As long as they're landing on soft surfaces, the cows are probably enjoying the ride, says de Passille. (The Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals has \u003ca href=\"http://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/apr/06/cow-german-girl-rides-show-jumps\">raised concerns\u003c/a> that these kinds of show-jumps could potentially harm the animals' udders.)\u003cem>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, cows don't spend their whole days \u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=010KyIQjkTk\">channeling their inner Kriss Kross\u003c/a> — maybe just 5 or 10 minutes a day, Rushen says. And dusk, adds de Passille, is when they really like to party.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They often do it right before sunset, and then they can really jump,\" she says. \"It's quite the rodeo. It's really a party.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Yes, they're big, lumbering, earthbound creatures. But sometimes, Bessie and friends just have to get airborne.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1393893816,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":18,"wordCount":570},"headData":{"title":"The Secret Lives of Cows: Jumping for Joy | KQED","description":"Yes, they're big, lumbering, earthbound creatures. But sometimes, Bessie and friends just have to get airborne.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"The Secret Lives of Cows: Jumping for Joy","datePublished":"2014-03-04T00:43:36.000Z","dateModified":"2014-03-04T00:43:36.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"78759 http://blogs.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=78759","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2014/03/03/the-secret-lives-of-cows-jumping-for-joy/","disqusTitle":"The Secret Lives of Cows: Jumping for Joy","nprByline":"Maria Godoy","nprStoryId":"282169577","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=282169577&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/02/24/282169577/the-secret-lives-of-cows-jumping-for-joy?ft=3&f=282169577","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Mon, 03 Mar 2014 19:02:00 -0500","nprStoryDate":"Mon, 03 Mar 2014 14:38:00 -0500","nprLastModifiedDate":"Mon, 03 Mar 2014 19:02:01 -0500","path":"/bayareabites/78759/the-secret-lives-of-cows-jumping-for-joy","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_78760\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1674px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/03/111652924_wide-557cacc1210fac2bf7fe802e99fce6c6dbbb2219.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/03/111652924_wide-557cacc1210fac2bf7fe802e99fce6c6dbbb2219.jpg\" alt=\"Not quite jumping over the moon but ... : An animal named Luna (get it?) jumps over an obstacle with rider Regina Mayer on her back in the Bavarian town of Traunstein, in southern Germany. Photo: Michael Hudelist/AFP/Getty Images\" width=\"1674\" height=\"940\" class=\"size-full wp-image-78760\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Not quite jumping over the moon but ... : An animal named Luna (get it?) jumps over an obstacle with rider Regina Mayer on her back in the Bavarian town of Traunstein, in southern Germany. Photo: Michael Hudelist/AFP/Getty Images\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Post by Maria Godoy, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/02/24/282169577/the-secret-lives-of-cows-jumping-for-joy\" target=\"_blank\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (3/3/2014)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ah, cows. They're big, lumbering, earthbound beasts, right? But sometimes, Bessie and pals just have to get airborne.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That gif of dairy cows \"jumping for joy\" is from a \u003ca href=\"bit.ly/1ff0Dd1\">video\u003c/a> that's been making the rounds on the Internet. We spotted it last week when food journalist Michael Pollan tweeted it out:\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv id=\"res283939346\" class=\"bucketwrap twitter large graphic624\">\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp>Sweet video: Cows Literally Jump For Joy After Being Freed From A Dairy Farm Into An Open Field Again \u003ca href=\"http://t.co/hvyNKyYQAI\">http://t.co/hvyNKyYQAI\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Michael Pollan (@michaelpollan) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/michaelpollan/statuses/437744633289121792\">February 24, 2014\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cscript async src=\"//platform.twitter.com/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\">\u003c/script>\n \u003c/p>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Turns out, the cows pictured hadn't just been \"freed from a dairy farm,\" as the title of the video suggests. Still, they had quite a history. With their milking days behind them, these dairy cows had been headed to the slaughterhouse, according to the video's subtitles (it's in German). But an animal welfare group called \u003ca href=\"http://www.kuhrettung.de/\">Kuhrettung Rhein-Berg\u003c/a> stepped in to offer the cows a retirement home. In this video from the group, we see the animals relishing their release from their winter housing into the great outdoors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's a moving scene, given the cows' backstory. But is it \"literally jumping for joy,\" as the title puts it?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We can certainly interpret it as positive excitement,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.agr.gc.ca/eng/science-and-innovation/research-centres/british-columbia/pacific-agri-food-research-centre-agassiz/scientific-staff-and-expertise-pacific-agri-food-research-centre-agassiz/de-passille-anne-marie-phd/?id=1181935452270\">Anne Marie de Passille\u003c/a>, a Canadian researcher who studies the play behavior of cows. \"Can it be joy? Who knows how to identify joy in cows? We have a hard time identifying it in humans,\" she jokes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>What we do know, she says, is that cows love a change of scenery. And a switch from the concrete floors of the indoors to a soft green pasture would surely help break a bovine's winter blues, she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, cows are suckers for novelty, adds de Passille's colleague, \u003ca href=\"http://www.agr.gc.ca/eng/science-and-innovation/research-centres/british-columbia/pacific-agri-food-research-centre-agassiz/scientific-staff-and-expertise-pacific-agri-food-research-centre-agassiz/rushen-jeffrey-phd/?id=1181920596212\">Jeffrey Rushen\u003c/a>. They get an extra spring or leap in their step \"whenever something new or unexpected happens,\" he says – say, changing their bedding or letting them out or back in. \"We think it's a sign that things are well with them.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And happy cows can really catch some air – a young cow can easily clear a five-foot fence, he says. \u003ca href=\"http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/howaboutthat/6831123/Cow-jumps-six-feet-on-to-roof.html\">This one in Britain\u003c/a> jumped six feet to land on the roof of a house.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>http://www.npr.org/assets/img/2014/02/27/CowPyschology.gif\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some places, including \u003ca href=\"http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2513279/The-cow-CAN-jump-moon--Finlands-bizarre-bovine-agility-competition-dont-ask-pull-udder-one.html\">Finland\u003c/a>, it seems, cow jumping competitions – a la equestrian show-jumping – are an official \u003cem>thing\u003c/em>. Is that animal cruelty? As long as they're landing on soft surfaces, the cows are probably enjoying the ride, says de Passille. (The Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals has \u003ca href=\"http://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/apr/06/cow-german-girl-rides-show-jumps\">raised concerns\u003c/a> that these kinds of show-jumps could potentially harm the animals' udders.)\u003cem>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, cows don't spend their whole days \u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=010KyIQjkTk\">channeling their inner Kriss Kross\u003c/a> — maybe just 5 or 10 minutes a day, Rushen says. And dusk, adds de Passille, is when they really like to party.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They often do it right before sunset, and then they can really jump,\" she says. \"It's quite the rodeo. It's really a party.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/78759/the-secret-lives-of-cows-jumping-for-joy","authors":["byline_bayareabites_78759"],"categories":["bayareabites_1874","bayareabites_334","bayareabites_10916","bayareabites_316"],"tags":["bayareabites_9541","bayareabites_10921"],"featImg":"bayareabites_78765","label":"bayareabites"},"bayareabites_30602":{"type":"posts","id":"bayareabites_30602","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"bayareabites","id":"30602","score":null,"sort":[1311426028000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"touring-bay-area-farms-brunching-at-plow","title":"Touring Bay Area Farms, Brunching at Plow","publishDate":1311426028,"format":"aside","headTitle":"Bay Area Bites | KQED Food","labelTerm":{"site":"bayareabites"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2011/07/sheep.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2011/07/sheep.jpg\" alt=\"sheep\" title=\"sheep\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-30633\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's summertime, and we might just be the one place in the country actually enjoying itself, rather than wilting under an onslaught of brain-melting heat and humidity. So get out of the house! Some of our favorite bloggers have already told you \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2011/07/19/food-bloggers-share-inside-tips-for-summer-bay-area-food/\">where to eat outside\u003c/a> this summer. Still, maybe you'd like to find yourself some green, rather than spending it. Forget the food trucks for a minute; let's go hang out with the farmers! \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Getting on the electronic mailing list for \u003ca href=\"http://www.marinorganic.org\">Marin Organic\u003c/a>, promoters and advocates for sustainable agriculture in Marin, is a great way to keep on top of tours, talks, and special events happening just across the bridge. Coming up next month are a dairy tour of \u003ca href=\"http://www.strausfamilycreamery.com\">Straus Family Creamery\u003c/a>, an orchard walk through the olive groves of \u003ca href=\"http://www.mcevoyranch.com\">McEvoy Ranch\u003c/a>, and a discussion with bakers Chad Robertson (\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2010/09/27/book-review-tartine-bread/\">Tartine Bread\u003c/a>), Celine Underwood (Brickmaiden Bakery), and David Muller (\u003ca href=\"http://www.outerlandssf.com\">Outerlands\u003c/a>) about their adventures in sourdough. You can also go to \u003ca href=\"http://www.farmtrails.org\">Sonoma Farm Trails\u003c/a> to downloads maps and farm guides and plan your own tour of that area's rich agricultural offerings. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.cuesa.org\">CUESA\u003c/a>, the Center for Urban Education about Sustainable Agriculture, is best known for running the San Francisco Ferry Plaza Farmers' Market, but they also organize periodic tours of local farms and producers. On August 10, you can join CUESA for an \u003ca href=\"http://www.cuesa.org/events/2011/organic-greens-blue-cheese-farm-tour\">Organic Greens & Blue Cheese Tour\u003c/a> featuring \u003ca href=\"http://countylineharvest.com\">County Line Harvest\u003c/a>, growers of excellent lettuces, strawberries, and more, and the family-run \u003ca href=\"http://pointreyescheese.com\">Point Reyes Farmstead Cheese Company\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.chezpanisse.com\">Chez Panisse\u003c/a> is planning a series of pricey fundraisers for the Edible Schoolyard in conjunction with its 40th birthday next month, but there is one free, family-friendly \u003ca href=\"http://www.chezpanissefoundation.org/40th\">OPENeducation event\u003c/a> happening on August 27 at the Berkeley Art Museum. (Tickets are free but must be reserved in advance.) The day is planned as a series of \"interactive cooking installations\" between museum-goers and a posse of farmers, educators, and artists, using corn, beans, and squash planted in the outdoor spaces of the museum. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And speaking of family fun, devoted Bay Area Bites readers may know \u003ca href=\"http://www.devilsgulchranch.com\">Devil's Gulch Ranch\u003c/a> as one of our favorite sources for locally produced \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2011/04/06/bunny-on-the-table/\">rabbit\u003c/a>, but they're more than just bunnies. They also host a \u003ca href=\"http://dges.org/summer2011.htm\">ranch camp\u003c/a> for kids, with three more weeklong sessions remaining. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Apples in August? For anyone born and bred on the East Coast, where apples mean autumn, the idea of this can seem a little bizarre. However, our California-grown heirloom apple, the Gravenstein, is a early ripener, ready for pie by mid-August. Celebrate its yellow-and-red striped delights at Sebastopol's down-home \u003ca href=\"http://www.gravensteinapplefair.com\">Gravenstein Apple Fair\u003c/a> on August 13 and 14. You can even go up against this one-time grand champion in the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2009/08/16/sebastopol-apple-fair/\">Apple Pie Contest\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most small producers have their hands full just getting their day-to-day chores done, especially when there are animals in the mix--which means your favorite cheesemaker or farmer is rarely available for drop-in visits. On August 7, \u003ca href=\"http://bayareagreentours.org/brentwood.html\">Bay Area Green Tours\u003c/a> is planning a daylong \"Tomatoes, Peaches, Corn, and More\" tour of Brentwood, with stops at \u003ca href=\"http://www.froghollow.com\">Frog Hollow Farm\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.facebook.com/pages/Dwelley-Farms/151714851566013\">Dwelley Farm\u003c/a>, and \u003ca href=\"http://www.smithfamilyfarm.com\">Smith Family Farm\u003c/a>. (Don't forget your sunscreen and sun hat, as Brentwood \u003cem>bakes \u003c/em> in the summertime. Good for the peaches and tomatoes, a little shocking to fog-dwelling San Franciscans.) On August 18, take a \u003ca href=\"http://www.artisancheesefestival.com/tours/tour_schedule.html\">One Valley, Three Milks\u003c/a> tour and get a behind-the-scenes peek of \u003ca href=\"http://www.bellwetherfarms.com\">Bellwether Farms\u003c/a> (sheep), Two Rock Valley Cheese (goat), and \u003ca href=\"http://www.valleyfordcheeseco.com\">Valley Ford Cheese Company\u003c/a> (cow).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2011/07/sheep-kid.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2011/07/sheep-kid.jpg\" alt=\"sheep and lamb\" title=\"sheep and lamb\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-30634\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> You can also sign up (for free) as a member of \u003ca href=\"http://www.weirauchfarm.com\">Weirauch Farm\u003c/a>, a small sheep dairy and creamery, and save the date for their next members-only tour on Aug. 13. The setting, in the rolling hills of Petaluma, is beautiful, and the sheep (pictured above) are as friendly and inquisitive as puppies. While owners Joel and Carleen Weirauch finish up their sheep-milking parlor (they're hoping to have it completed in time for next spring's milking season), they're making some delectable cows' milk cheeses, available after the tour for tasting and purchase. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2011/07/cheese.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2011/07/cheese.jpg\" alt=\"cheese\" title=\"cheese\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-30635\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what if you want to stay closer to home, enjoying the flavor of local farms without getting mud on your shoes? Then head over to Potrero Hill's sweet, sunny \u003ca href=\"http://www.eatatplow.com\">Plow\u003c/a>. Look for the metal pig hanging outside, or the many happy diners inside, all grooving on lemon-ricotta pancakes or (my favorite) dreamy French toast gobbed with mascarpone and topped with thick wedges of brown sugar-and-butter roasted Summer Zee peaches from \u003ca href=\"http://www.facebook.com/pages/Blossom-Bluff-Orchards/248100739307\">Blossom Bluff Orchards\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2011/07/french-toast.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2011/07/french-toast.jpg\" alt=\"Plow French Toast\" title=\"Plow French Toast\" width=\"500\" height=\"313\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-30631\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The menu shifts daily, but a recent meal included breakfast and lunch offerings like a soft scramble with lambs quarter greens, mushrooms, and goat cheese; housemade yogurt and granola with fruit and Potrero Hill honey; cucumber-buttermilk gazpacho; green bean and Sungold tomato salad with purslane and fresh mozzarella; and a BLT stacked with Nueske bacon and glowing, gorgeous heirloom tomato slices. Farms, orchards, ranchers, bakers, and producers are thanked in four lines of small type at the bottom of the menu, name-checking all the purveyors we know from markets around the Bay Area: Mariquita Farms, Dirty Girl Produce, County Line Harvest, Hamada Farms, Frog Hollow, Straus Family Creamery, Marin Sun Farms, Acme Bread, and more. Happy summer!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2011/07/plow-sign.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2011/07/plow-sign.jpg\" alt=\"Plow sign\" title=\"Plow sign\" width=\"300\" height=\"220\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-30636\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Forget about the food trucks for a minute; let's go hang out with some farmers! Check out this list of great farm tours, hands-on events, and more happening at farms, ranches, and orchards around the Bay Area and beyond. But what if you want to stay closer to home, enjoying the flavor of local farms without getting mud on your shoes? Then head over to Potrero Hill's sweet, sunny Plow.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1312396757,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":17,"wordCount":885},"headData":{"title":"Touring Bay Area Farms, Brunching at Plow | KQED","description":"Forget about the food trucks for a minute; let's go hang out with some farmers! Check out this list of great farm tours, hands-on events, and more happening at farms, ranches, and orchards around the Bay Area and beyond. But what if you want to stay closer to home, enjoying the flavor of local farms without getting mud on your shoes? Then head over to Potrero Hill's sweet, sunny Plow.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Touring Bay Area Farms, Brunching at Plow","datePublished":"2011-07-23T13:00:28.000Z","dateModified":"2011-08-03T18:39:17.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"30602 http://blogs.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=30602","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2011/07/23/touring-bay-area-farms-brunching-at-plow/","disqusTitle":"Touring Bay Area Farms, Brunching at Plow","path":"/bayareabites/30602/touring-bay-area-farms-brunching-at-plow","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2011/07/sheep.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2011/07/sheep.jpg\" alt=\"sheep\" title=\"sheep\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-30633\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's summertime, and we might just be the one place in the country actually enjoying itself, rather than wilting under an onslaught of brain-melting heat and humidity. So get out of the house! Some of our favorite bloggers have already told you \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2011/07/19/food-bloggers-share-inside-tips-for-summer-bay-area-food/\">where to eat outside\u003c/a> this summer. Still, maybe you'd like to find yourself some green, rather than spending it. Forget the food trucks for a minute; let's go hang out with the farmers! \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Getting on the electronic mailing list for \u003ca href=\"http://www.marinorganic.org\">Marin Organic\u003c/a>, promoters and advocates for sustainable agriculture in Marin, is a great way to keep on top of tours, talks, and special events happening just across the bridge. Coming up next month are a dairy tour of \u003ca href=\"http://www.strausfamilycreamery.com\">Straus Family Creamery\u003c/a>, an orchard walk through the olive groves of \u003ca href=\"http://www.mcevoyranch.com\">McEvoy Ranch\u003c/a>, and a discussion with bakers Chad Robertson (\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2010/09/27/book-review-tartine-bread/\">Tartine Bread\u003c/a>), Celine Underwood (Brickmaiden Bakery), and David Muller (\u003ca href=\"http://www.outerlandssf.com\">Outerlands\u003c/a>) about their adventures in sourdough. You can also go to \u003ca href=\"http://www.farmtrails.org\">Sonoma Farm Trails\u003c/a> to downloads maps and farm guides and plan your own tour of that area's rich agricultural offerings. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.cuesa.org\">CUESA\u003c/a>, the Center for Urban Education about Sustainable Agriculture, is best known for running the San Francisco Ferry Plaza Farmers' Market, but they also organize periodic tours of local farms and producers. On August 10, you can join CUESA for an \u003ca href=\"http://www.cuesa.org/events/2011/organic-greens-blue-cheese-farm-tour\">Organic Greens & Blue Cheese Tour\u003c/a> featuring \u003ca href=\"http://countylineharvest.com\">County Line Harvest\u003c/a>, growers of excellent lettuces, strawberries, and more, and the family-run \u003ca href=\"http://pointreyescheese.com\">Point Reyes Farmstead Cheese Company\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.chezpanisse.com\">Chez Panisse\u003c/a> is planning a series of pricey fundraisers for the Edible Schoolyard in conjunction with its 40th birthday next month, but there is one free, family-friendly \u003ca href=\"http://www.chezpanissefoundation.org/40th\">OPENeducation event\u003c/a> happening on August 27 at the Berkeley Art Museum. (Tickets are free but must be reserved in advance.) The day is planned as a series of \"interactive cooking installations\" between museum-goers and a posse of farmers, educators, and artists, using corn, beans, and squash planted in the outdoor spaces of the museum. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And speaking of family fun, devoted Bay Area Bites readers may know \u003ca href=\"http://www.devilsgulchranch.com\">Devil's Gulch Ranch\u003c/a> as one of our favorite sources for locally produced \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2011/04/06/bunny-on-the-table/\">rabbit\u003c/a>, but they're more than just bunnies. They also host a \u003ca href=\"http://dges.org/summer2011.htm\">ranch camp\u003c/a> for kids, with three more weeklong sessions remaining. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Apples in August? For anyone born and bred on the East Coast, where apples mean autumn, the idea of this can seem a little bizarre. However, our California-grown heirloom apple, the Gravenstein, is a early ripener, ready for pie by mid-August. Celebrate its yellow-and-red striped delights at Sebastopol's down-home \u003ca href=\"http://www.gravensteinapplefair.com\">Gravenstein Apple Fair\u003c/a> on August 13 and 14. You can even go up against this one-time grand champion in the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2009/08/16/sebastopol-apple-fair/\">Apple Pie Contest\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most small producers have their hands full just getting their day-to-day chores done, especially when there are animals in the mix--which means your favorite cheesemaker or farmer is rarely available for drop-in visits. On August 7, \u003ca href=\"http://bayareagreentours.org/brentwood.html\">Bay Area Green Tours\u003c/a> is planning a daylong \"Tomatoes, Peaches, Corn, and More\" tour of Brentwood, with stops at \u003ca href=\"http://www.froghollow.com\">Frog Hollow Farm\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.facebook.com/pages/Dwelley-Farms/151714851566013\">Dwelley Farm\u003c/a>, and \u003ca href=\"http://www.smithfamilyfarm.com\">Smith Family Farm\u003c/a>. (Don't forget your sunscreen and sun hat, as Brentwood \u003cem>bakes \u003c/em> in the summertime. Good for the peaches and tomatoes, a little shocking to fog-dwelling San Franciscans.) On August 18, take a \u003ca href=\"http://www.artisancheesefestival.com/tours/tour_schedule.html\">One Valley, Three Milks\u003c/a> tour and get a behind-the-scenes peek of \u003ca href=\"http://www.bellwetherfarms.com\">Bellwether Farms\u003c/a> (sheep), Two Rock Valley Cheese (goat), and \u003ca href=\"http://www.valleyfordcheeseco.com\">Valley Ford Cheese Company\u003c/a> (cow).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2011/07/sheep-kid.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2011/07/sheep-kid.jpg\" alt=\"sheep and lamb\" title=\"sheep and lamb\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-30634\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> You can also sign up (for free) as a member of \u003ca href=\"http://www.weirauchfarm.com\">Weirauch Farm\u003c/a>, a small sheep dairy and creamery, and save the date for their next members-only tour on Aug. 13. The setting, in the rolling hills of Petaluma, is beautiful, and the sheep (pictured above) are as friendly and inquisitive as puppies. While owners Joel and Carleen Weirauch finish up their sheep-milking parlor (they're hoping to have it completed in time for next spring's milking season), they're making some delectable cows' milk cheeses, available after the tour for tasting and purchase. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2011/07/cheese.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2011/07/cheese.jpg\" alt=\"cheese\" title=\"cheese\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-30635\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what if you want to stay closer to home, enjoying the flavor of local farms without getting mud on your shoes? Then head over to Potrero Hill's sweet, sunny \u003ca href=\"http://www.eatatplow.com\">Plow\u003c/a>. Look for the metal pig hanging outside, or the many happy diners inside, all grooving on lemon-ricotta pancakes or (my favorite) dreamy French toast gobbed with mascarpone and topped with thick wedges of brown sugar-and-butter roasted Summer Zee peaches from \u003ca href=\"http://www.facebook.com/pages/Blossom-Bluff-Orchards/248100739307\">Blossom Bluff Orchards\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2011/07/french-toast.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2011/07/french-toast.jpg\" alt=\"Plow French Toast\" title=\"Plow French Toast\" width=\"500\" height=\"313\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-30631\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The menu shifts daily, but a recent meal included breakfast and lunch offerings like a soft scramble with lambs quarter greens, mushrooms, and goat cheese; housemade yogurt and granola with fruit and Potrero Hill honey; cucumber-buttermilk gazpacho; green bean and Sungold tomato salad with purslane and fresh mozzarella; and a BLT stacked with Nueske bacon and glowing, gorgeous heirloom tomato slices. Farms, orchards, ranchers, bakers, and producers are thanked in four lines of small type at the bottom of the menu, name-checking all the purveyors we know from markets around the Bay Area: Mariquita Farms, Dirty Girl Produce, County Line Harvest, Hamada Farms, Frog Hollow, Straus Family Creamery, Marin Sun Farms, Acme Bread, and more. Happy summer!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2011/07/plow-sign.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2011/07/plow-sign.jpg\" alt=\"Plow sign\" title=\"Plow sign\" width=\"300\" height=\"220\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-30636\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/30602/touring-bay-area-farms-brunching-at-plow","authors":["5038"],"categories":["bayareabites_109","bayareabites_752","bayareabites_50","bayareabites_1874","bayareabites_2554","bayareabites_1246","bayareabites_1807","bayareabites_90","bayareabites_61"],"tags":["bayareabites_9540","bayareabites_1368","bayareabites_14750","bayareabites_9541","bayareabites_9539","bayareabites_134","bayareabites_9409","bayareabites_4074","bayareabites_9542","bayareabites_8318","bayareabites_2267","bayareabites_9543","bayareabites_356","bayareabites_453"],"featImg":"bayareabites_30631","label":"bayareabites"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. 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You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn","officialWebsiteLink":"/mindshift/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"2"},"link":"/podcasts/mindshift","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"}},"morning-edition":{"id":"morning-edition","title":"Morning Edition","info":"\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. 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On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. 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