New Science Shows Bee-Killing Pesticides Are Unnecessary on Most Farms
Honeybees Help Farmers, But They Don't Help the Environment
Despite Heavy Losses From Fires, North Bay Beekeepers Focus on Regeneration
Beekeepers Feel The Sting Of Hives Stolen In California
Keeping Bees Safe: It's A Ruff Job, But This Doggy Detective Gets It Done
With Bees In Trouble, Almond Farmers Try Trees That Don't Need 'Em
How Free Are USDA Scientists To Speak Their Mind?
Is Nutritious Food In Peril, Along With Pollinators?
A Hardier Honeybee That Fights Back By Biting Back
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Since 2014, these farmers have been \u003ca href=\"https://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/commodity-costs-and-returns/commodity-costs-and-returns/#Recent%20Costs%20and%20Returns:%20Corn\">spending more to produce corn\u003c/a> than they can earn by selling it. Periods of overproduction and low prices are nothing new, but they can hit hard, as some farmers are forced to sell their operations and the largest landowners tend to get even larger, contributing to the hollowing-out of rural America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What is new this time around is that the last two decades have also seen \u003ca href=\"https://civileats.com/2017/04/10/monsantos-driverless-car-is-crispr-gene-editing-driving-seed-consolidation/\">dramatic consolidation\u003c/a> of the seed and pesticide industries, as well as the arrival of expensive genetically engineered traits like glyphosate herbicide resistance and Bt and insecticide seed coatings. The economic concentration of a few large seed and pesticide companies and their expensive products have \u003ca href=\"https://www.agweb.com/article/seed-price-triples-over-last-20-years-naa-sonja-begemann/\">allowed them\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"https://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/ag-and-food-statistics-charting-the-essentials/farming-and-farm-income/\">capture more farm profit\u003c/a>, leaving less for farmers and their communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As \u003ca href=\"https://www.agweb.com/article/seed-price-triples-over-last-20-years-naa-sonja-begemann/\">some farmers begin to question these costs\u003c/a>, a \u003ca href=\"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs11356-017-1052-5.pdf\">recent study\u003c/a> has confirmed that the cost of seed coatings is rarely justified.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seen as an easy way to keep early-season pests at bay, this technology involves coating each seed with neonicotinoid insecticide (or neonics) so that farmers don’t have to apply insecticides in the field. And it has become very popular within the industry. Non-organic corn farmers used to apply insecticides directly to the soil or use crop rotations to control soil-borne pests. Only \u003ca href=\"https://dl.sciencesocieties.org/publications/ael/articles/2/1/170026\">a minority of corn acres were treated\u003c/a> with insecticides. Now, however, \u003ca href=\"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es506141g\">somewhere between 70 and nearly 100 percent\u003c/a> of corn seed is treated with neonic insecticides, with most experts agreeing that the figure is well over 90 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neonics have also made national headlines because of their impact on the ecosystems in which they’re used. They are now firmly established as causing \u003ca href=\"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs11356-017-0341-3.pdf\">widespread harm\u003c/a> to a range of organisms, including the bees that produce our honey and pollinate our fruits and vegetables, the insects that protect our crops from pests, birds, and a range of aquatic life that provide food for fish. Widespread pesticide use in Germany is also a prime suspect in the \u003ca href=\"http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0185809\">loss of 75 percent of flying insects\u003c/a> there over the course of 27 years, and no doubt elsewhere, which is likely contributing to an equally \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/mar/21/catastrophe-as-frances-bird-population-collapses-due-to-pesticides\">dramatic loss of the birds\u003c/a> that depend on them for food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With all this in mind, it’s hard not to ask: Are neonics really improving farmers’ lives?\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>Good News for Farmers and the Environment, Bad News for Pesticide Companies\u003c/strong>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>The new \u003ca href=\"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs11356-017-1052-5.pdf\">study\u003c/a>, published in the journal \u003cem>Environmental Science and Pollution Research\u003c/em>, shows that, in fact, only a small fraction of corn acres need neonic seed treatments. Researchers from several European universities found that only about 1 percent of corn acres experience yield loss in corn due to soil pests; the exception is in fields that include factors known to predispose crops to yield loss, such as soil with high organic content and poor drainage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even in fields where such factors are present, only about 20 percent of corn acres would need neonic or other insecticide treatment—and simple management practices like avoiding planting corn into recently converted pasture can reduce that to 4 percent. Pests reviewed in Europe are also found in the U.S., showing that even for conventional, non-organic farmers, insecticide use could be reduced dramatically on most farm acres—saving the expense for farmers and the reducing the harms they cause the environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For those skeptical that the European results would apply here in the U.S., I conducted an earlier \u003ca href=\"https://www.centerforfoodsafety.org/files/alternatives-to-neonics_v9_23186.pdf\">review and analysis\u003c/a> of the U.S. research literature that came to similar conclusions. Shortly thereafter, several leading researchers in the study of neonics from Purdue University \u003ca href=\"http://pollinatorstewardship.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Krupke-et-al-2017-neonic-corn-seeds.pdf\">also found\u003c/a>that neonic seed treatments were likely to “far exceed demonstrable need.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the small percentage of farmers that may still experience some yield loss by forgoing seed treatments, the new report describes what it calls a mutual fund, an insurance pool that could reimburse those farmers. Based on their data, it would cost farmers only 10 percent of the current cost of neonic pesticide coatings to contribute to such a fund.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So why are neonics so popular?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One explanation may be that they’re intended to control early-season pests found in the soil. You see, once the seed is planted, the crop cannot be treated for these pests because it would disturb the seeds and seedlings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farmers don’t like to add unnecessary risks to an already risky business. And many would rather pay more for pesticides to be more confident they won’t lose productivity. But it’s worth noting that the current approach is new. Farmers didn’t used to take such a risk-averse approach with soil insecticides, which they used to apply much less often.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In my research, I examined possible reasons why farmers are accepting the cost of neonic seed coatings at rates far above what can be justified by damage from pest insects. One by one, reasons such as changed farming practices like reduced tillage or adoption of engineered Bt traits were not found to explain or justify the cost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the end, one of the main reasons left standing is that farmers have little choice. \u003ca href=\"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es506141g\">Virtually all corn seed is pre-treated by the seed companies\u003c/a> long before the point of purchase, with some companies not even providing untreated seed. And farmers who want to avoid using neonics must special-order untreated seed very early in the season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Secondly, \u003ca href=\"https://dl.sciencesocieties.org/publications/ael/articles/2/1/170026\">surveys have found\u003c/a> that many corn farmers don’t even know that their seeds have been treated. Seed sold by the big corporations now comes with multiple engineered traits and coatings, all with unhelpful trade names, such as Poncho. So it’s not surprising that some farmers don’t have time to learn about everything in their seed package.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On top of that, the people who farmers most often turn to for advice and information for controlling pests usually work for seed dealers. As the number of public sector extension scientists has sharply declined in recent years, and public research devotes \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1462901115300812\">minimal funding\u003c/a> to alternatives to pesticides, it can be harder than ever to access impartial advice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This gets to the fact that, regardless of the science, Bayer and Syngenta—the makers of neonics—need to keep selling them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Minnesota, for example, Governor Mark Dayton has \u003ca href=\"https://mn.gov/governor/newsroom/?id=1055-253957\">convened a panel\u003c/a> to recommend policies to protect pollinators. When I attended their December meeting, representatives on the panel from industry and several large farms insisted that neonicotinoids are necessary. Their argument? That the seed coating prevents large yield losses in corn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As in the case of climate change, where entrenched and socially destructive corporate interests resist science, reducing neonic use is an uphill challenge without the larger systemic change toward agroecology that we ultimately need. But we can start by supporting farmers in their quest for stable profits \u003cem>and \u003c/em>safe fields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article was originally published on\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"https://civileats.com/2018/03/28/new-science-shows-bee-killing-pesticides-are-unnecessary-on-most-farms/\">\u003cem>Civil Eats\u003c/em>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Alternatives are available for neonicotinoid insecticide seed coatings, saving farmers money and better protecting the environment.\r\n\r\n","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1525109919,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":24,"wordCount":1243},"headData":{"title":"New Science Shows Bee-Killing Pesticides Are Unnecessary on Most Farms | KQED","description":"Alternatives are available for neonicotinoid insecticide seed coatings, saving farmers money and better protecting the environment.\r\n\r\n","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"New Science Shows Bee-Killing Pesticides Are Unnecessary on Most Farms","datePublished":"2018-04-30T17:38:39.000Z","dateModified":"2018-04-30T17:38:39.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"127465 https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=127465","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2018/04/30/new-science-shows-bee-killing-pesticides-are-unnecessary-on-most-farms/","disqusTitle":"New Science Shows Bee-Killing Pesticides Are Unnecessary on Most Farms","source":"Sustainability, Environment, Climate Change","sourceUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/bayareabites/category/sustainability","nprByline":"\u003ca href=\"https://civileats.com/author/dgurian/\">Doug Gurian-Sherman,\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/civileat\">Civil Eats\u003c/a>","path":"/bayareabites/127465/new-science-shows-bee-killing-pesticides-are-unnecessary-on-most-farms","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Alternatives are available for neonicotinoid insecticide seed coatings, saving farmers money and better protecting the environment.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Conventional corn farmers—who grow the ubiquitous grain on \u003ca href=\"https://www.ers.usda.gov/topics/crops/corn/background.aspx\">90 million acres\u003c/a> in the U.S.—are struggling. Since 2014, these farmers have been \u003ca href=\"https://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/commodity-costs-and-returns/commodity-costs-and-returns/#Recent%20Costs%20and%20Returns:%20Corn\">spending more to produce corn\u003c/a> than they can earn by selling it. Periods of overproduction and low prices are nothing new, but they can hit hard, as some farmers are forced to sell their operations and the largest landowners tend to get even larger, contributing to the hollowing-out of rural America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What is new this time around is that the last two decades have also seen \u003ca href=\"https://civileats.com/2017/04/10/monsantos-driverless-car-is-crispr-gene-editing-driving-seed-consolidation/\">dramatic consolidation\u003c/a> of the seed and pesticide industries, as well as the arrival of expensive genetically engineered traits like glyphosate herbicide resistance and Bt and insecticide seed coatings. The economic concentration of a few large seed and pesticide companies and their expensive products have \u003ca href=\"https://www.agweb.com/article/seed-price-triples-over-last-20-years-naa-sonja-begemann/\">allowed them\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"https://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/ag-and-food-statistics-charting-the-essentials/farming-and-farm-income/\">capture more farm profit\u003c/a>, leaving less for farmers and their communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As \u003ca href=\"https://www.agweb.com/article/seed-price-triples-over-last-20-years-naa-sonja-begemann/\">some farmers begin to question these costs\u003c/a>, a \u003ca href=\"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs11356-017-1052-5.pdf\">recent study\u003c/a> has confirmed that the cost of seed coatings is rarely justified.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seen as an easy way to keep early-season pests at bay, this technology involves coating each seed with neonicotinoid insecticide (or neonics) so that farmers don’t have to apply insecticides in the field. And it has become very popular within the industry. Non-organic corn farmers used to apply insecticides directly to the soil or use crop rotations to control soil-borne pests. Only \u003ca href=\"https://dl.sciencesocieties.org/publications/ael/articles/2/1/170026\">a minority of corn acres were treated\u003c/a> with insecticides. Now, however, \u003ca href=\"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es506141g\">somewhere between 70 and nearly 100 percent\u003c/a> of corn seed is treated with neonic insecticides, with most experts agreeing that the figure is well over 90 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neonics have also made national headlines because of their impact on the ecosystems in which they’re used. They are now firmly established as causing \u003ca href=\"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs11356-017-0341-3.pdf\">widespread harm\u003c/a> to a range of organisms, including the bees that produce our honey and pollinate our fruits and vegetables, the insects that protect our crops from pests, birds, and a range of aquatic life that provide food for fish. Widespread pesticide use in Germany is also a prime suspect in the \u003ca href=\"http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0185809\">loss of 75 percent of flying insects\u003c/a> there over the course of 27 years, and no doubt elsewhere, which is likely contributing to an equally \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/mar/21/catastrophe-as-frances-bird-population-collapses-due-to-pesticides\">dramatic loss of the birds\u003c/a> that depend on them for food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With all this in mind, it’s hard not to ask: Are neonics really improving farmers’ lives?\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>Good News for Farmers and the Environment, Bad News for Pesticide Companies\u003c/strong>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>The new \u003ca href=\"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs11356-017-1052-5.pdf\">study\u003c/a>, published in the journal \u003cem>Environmental Science and Pollution Research\u003c/em>, shows that, in fact, only a small fraction of corn acres need neonic seed treatments. Researchers from several European universities found that only about 1 percent of corn acres experience yield loss in corn due to soil pests; the exception is in fields that include factors known to predispose crops to yield loss, such as soil with high organic content and poor drainage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even in fields where such factors are present, only about 20 percent of corn acres would need neonic or other insecticide treatment—and simple management practices like avoiding planting corn into recently converted pasture can reduce that to 4 percent. Pests reviewed in Europe are also found in the U.S., showing that even for conventional, non-organic farmers, insecticide use could be reduced dramatically on most farm acres—saving the expense for farmers and the reducing the harms they cause the environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For those skeptical that the European results would apply here in the U.S., I conducted an earlier \u003ca href=\"https://www.centerforfoodsafety.org/files/alternatives-to-neonics_v9_23186.pdf\">review and analysis\u003c/a> of the U.S. research literature that came to similar conclusions. Shortly thereafter, several leading researchers in the study of neonics from Purdue University \u003ca href=\"http://pollinatorstewardship.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Krupke-et-al-2017-neonic-corn-seeds.pdf\">also found\u003c/a>that neonic seed treatments were likely to “far exceed demonstrable need.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the small percentage of farmers that may still experience some yield loss by forgoing seed treatments, the new report describes what it calls a mutual fund, an insurance pool that could reimburse those farmers. Based on their data, it would cost farmers only 10 percent of the current cost of neonic pesticide coatings to contribute to such a fund.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So why are neonics so popular?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One explanation may be that they’re intended to control early-season pests found in the soil. You see, once the seed is planted, the crop cannot be treated for these pests because it would disturb the seeds and seedlings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farmers don’t like to add unnecessary risks to an already risky business. And many would rather pay more for pesticides to be more confident they won’t lose productivity. But it’s worth noting that the current approach is new. Farmers didn’t used to take such a risk-averse approach with soil insecticides, which they used to apply much less often.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In my research, I examined possible reasons why farmers are accepting the cost of neonic seed coatings at rates far above what can be justified by damage from pest insects. One by one, reasons such as changed farming practices like reduced tillage or adoption of engineered Bt traits were not found to explain or justify the cost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the end, one of the main reasons left standing is that farmers have little choice. \u003ca href=\"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es506141g\">Virtually all corn seed is pre-treated by the seed companies\u003c/a> long before the point of purchase, with some companies not even providing untreated seed. And farmers who want to avoid using neonics must special-order untreated seed very early in the season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Secondly, \u003ca href=\"https://dl.sciencesocieties.org/publications/ael/articles/2/1/170026\">surveys have found\u003c/a> that many corn farmers don’t even know that their seeds have been treated. Seed sold by the big corporations now comes with multiple engineered traits and coatings, all with unhelpful trade names, such as Poncho. So it’s not surprising that some farmers don’t have time to learn about everything in their seed package.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On top of that, the people who farmers most often turn to for advice and information for controlling pests usually work for seed dealers. As the number of public sector extension scientists has sharply declined in recent years, and public research devotes \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1462901115300812\">minimal funding\u003c/a> to alternatives to pesticides, it can be harder than ever to access impartial advice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This gets to the fact that, regardless of the science, Bayer and Syngenta—the makers of neonics—need to keep selling them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Minnesota, for example, Governor Mark Dayton has \u003ca href=\"https://mn.gov/governor/newsroom/?id=1055-253957\">convened a panel\u003c/a> to recommend policies to protect pollinators. When I attended their December meeting, representatives on the panel from industry and several large farms insisted that neonicotinoids are necessary. Their argument? That the seed coating prevents large yield losses in corn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As in the case of climate change, where entrenched and socially destructive corporate interests resist science, reducing neonic use is an uphill challenge without the larger systemic change toward agroecology that we ultimately need. But we can start by supporting farmers in their quest for stable profits \u003cem>and \u003c/em>safe fields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article was originally published on\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"https://civileats.com/2018/03/28/new-science-shows-bee-killing-pesticides-are-unnecessary-on-most-farms/\">\u003cem>Civil Eats\u003c/em>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/127465/new-science-shows-bee-killing-pesticides-are-unnecessary-on-most-farms","authors":["byline_bayareabites_127465"],"categories":["bayareabites_11028","bayareabites_10028","bayareabites_4084","bayareabites_2554","bayareabites_2035","bayareabites_358","bayareabites_60"],"tags":["bayareabites_875","bayareabites_14400","bayareabites_16134","bayareabites_11445"],"featImg":"bayareabites_127468","label":"source_bayareabites_127465"},"bayareabites_124597":{"type":"posts","id":"bayareabites_124597","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"bayareabites","id":"124597","score":null,"sort":[1517184191000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"honeybees-help-farmers-but-they-dont-help-the-environment","title":"Honeybees Help Farmers, But They Don't Help the Environment","publishDate":1517184191,"format":"audio","headTitle":"Bay Area Bites | KQED Food","labelTerm":{"site":"bayareabites"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the story on Weekend Edition:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nhttps://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/wesat/2018/01/20180127_wesat_honeybees_help_farmers_but_they_dont_help_the_environment.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Honeybees are amazing and adorable, and they suffer when people spray pesticides or mow down wildflowers. We've heard plenty in recent years about collapsing bee colonies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So Jonas Geldmann, at the University of Cambridge, says he understands how the honeybee became a symbol of environmental conservation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he still doesn't like it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Lots of conservation organizations are promoting local honey, and even promoting sponsorships of honeybees and that kind of stuff, and that increasingly annoyed me,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It annoyed him because the honeybee is perhaps the one type of bee that we should worry about the least. Honeybee hives aren't natural, and they don't help the environment. In fact, they may harm it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are thousands of bee species. Almost all of them live in the wild, hiding away in the ground or in odd cavities, like hollow plant stems. They play a vital role in the ecosystem, pollinating flowering plants. Many are in peril; some species have disappeared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researcher \u003ca href=\"https://www.uoguelph.ca/ses/people/nigel-raine\">Nigel Raine\u003c/a> has a whole array of wild bees impaled on pins in his laboratory at the University of Guelph, in Canada. Many are tiny. Raine says that gardeners often assume they're flies. \"If you sit down and say, 'No, that's a small, solitary bee; that's a metallic green one' — when you show them a metallic green bee in their yard, they say, 'Wow! That's amazing!' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then there's the honeybee: originally imported from Europe, raised and managed by beekeepers in order to make honey or to pollinate crops like almonds. It's an agricultural animal, in the same way that sheep and cattle are.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When flowers are abundant, there is plenty of pollen for both honeybees and their wild cousins. But in many landscapes, or when an orchard stops blooming, farmed honeybees can compete with wild bees for food, making it harder for wild species to survive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Basically, a healthy environment needs bees — but not honeybees, Geldmann says. This week, he published a \u003ca href=\"http://science.sciencemag.org/content/359/6374/392\">commentary\u003c/a> in the journal \u003cem>Science\u003c/em> trying to spread the word to a wider audience. \"The way we're managing honeybees, in these hives, has nothing to do with nature conservation,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists who study bees already understand this. But they struggle with how to talk to the public about it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're on a learning curve, all of us,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.beelab.umn.edu/meet-us/dr-marla-spivak\">Marla Spivak\u003c/a>, at the University of Minnesota, one of the country's most prominent bee researchers. \"It's like honeybees were the portal — the door to much larger issues, conservation issues in general.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Concern for honeybees helped more people understand why it's important to have more land covered with wildflowers and trees — and free from pesticides, Spivak says. Such a landscape is good for both honeybees and wild bees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"My preference is not to pit one bee against another,\" Spivak says. \"I would prefer to live on a planet where there are bountiful flowers to support all of our bees.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the bee that needs our help the most may be that tiny green bee in your garden and not the honeybee. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2018 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Maybe honeybees get too much attention. They are agricultural animals, like sheep or cattle, and they sometimes make life harder for wild bees. In fact, the bees in true peril are the wild ones.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1517184191,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":19,"wordCount":547},"headData":{"title":"Honeybees Help Farmers, But They Don't Help the Environment | KQED","description":"Maybe honeybees get too much attention. They are agricultural animals, like sheep or cattle, and they sometimes make life harder for wild bees. In fact, the bees in true peril are the wild ones.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Honeybees Help Farmers, But They Don't Help the Environment","datePublished":"2018-01-29T00:03:11.000Z","dateModified":"2018-01-29T00:03:11.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"124597 https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=124597","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2018/01/28/honeybees-help-farmers-but-they-dont-help-the-environment/","disqusTitle":"Honeybees Help Farmers, But They Don't Help the Environment","nprImageCredit":"Dan Charles","nprByline":"Dan Charles, \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2018/01/27/581007165/honeybees-help-farmers-but-they-dont-help-the-environment\">NPR Food\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>","nprImageAgency":"NPR","nprStoryId":"581007165","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=581007165&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2018/01/27/581007165/honeybees-help-farmers-but-they-dont-help-the-environment?ft=nprml&f=581007165","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Sat, 27 Jan 2018 18:13:00 -0500","nprStoryDate":"Sat, 27 Jan 2018 08:21:55 -0500","nprLastModifiedDate":"Sat, 27 Jan 2018 18:13:50 -0500","nprAudio":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/wesat/2018/01/20180127_wesat_honeybees_help_farmers_but_they_dont_help_the_environment.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1025&d=170&p=7&story=581007165&ft=nprml&f=581007165","nprAudioM3u":"http://api.npr.org/m3u/1581269104-e58aa8.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1025&d=170&p=7&story=581007165&ft=nprml&f=581007165","path":"/bayareabites/124597/honeybees-help-farmers-but-they-dont-help-the-environment","audioUrl":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/wesat/2018/01/20180127_wesat_honeybees_help_farmers_but_they_dont_help_the_environment.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1025&d=170&p=7&story=581007165&ft=nprml&f=581007165","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the story on Weekend Edition:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"nprOneAudioLink","attributes":{"named":{"src":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/wesat/2018/01/20180127_wesat_honeybees_help_farmers_but_they_dont_help_the_environment.mp3"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Honeybees are amazing and adorable, and they suffer when people spray pesticides or mow down wildflowers. We've heard plenty in recent years about collapsing bee colonies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So Jonas Geldmann, at the University of Cambridge, says he understands how the honeybee became a symbol of environmental conservation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he still doesn't like it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Lots of conservation organizations are promoting local honey, and even promoting sponsorships of honeybees and that kind of stuff, and that increasingly annoyed me,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It annoyed him because the honeybee is perhaps the one type of bee that we should worry about the least. Honeybee hives aren't natural, and they don't help the environment. In fact, they may harm it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are thousands of bee species. Almost all of them live in the wild, hiding away in the ground or in odd cavities, like hollow plant stems. They play a vital role in the ecosystem, pollinating flowering plants. Many are in peril; some species have disappeared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researcher \u003ca href=\"https://www.uoguelph.ca/ses/people/nigel-raine\">Nigel Raine\u003c/a> has a whole array of wild bees impaled on pins in his laboratory at the University of Guelph, in Canada. Many are tiny. Raine says that gardeners often assume they're flies. \"If you sit down and say, 'No, that's a small, solitary bee; that's a metallic green one' — when you show them a metallic green bee in their yard, they say, 'Wow! That's amazing!' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then there's the honeybee: originally imported from Europe, raised and managed by beekeepers in order to make honey or to pollinate crops like almonds. It's an agricultural animal, in the same way that sheep and cattle are.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When flowers are abundant, there is plenty of pollen for both honeybees and their wild cousins. But in many landscapes, or when an orchard stops blooming, farmed honeybees can compete with wild bees for food, making it harder for wild species to survive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Basically, a healthy environment needs bees — but not honeybees, Geldmann says. This week, he published a \u003ca href=\"http://science.sciencemag.org/content/359/6374/392\">commentary\u003c/a> in the journal \u003cem>Science\u003c/em> trying to spread the word to a wider audience. \"The way we're managing honeybees, in these hives, has nothing to do with nature conservation,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists who study bees already understand this. But they struggle with how to talk to the public about it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're on a learning curve, all of us,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.beelab.umn.edu/meet-us/dr-marla-spivak\">Marla Spivak\u003c/a>, at the University of Minnesota, one of the country's most prominent bee researchers. \"It's like honeybees were the portal — the door to much larger issues, conservation issues in general.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Concern for honeybees helped more people understand why it's important to have more land covered with wildflowers and trees — and free from pesticides, Spivak says. Such a landscape is good for both honeybees and wild bees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"My preference is not to pit one bee against another,\" Spivak says. \"I would prefer to live on a planet where there are bountiful flowers to support all of our bees.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the bee that needs our help the most may be that tiny green bee in your garden and not the honeybee. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2018 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/124597/honeybees-help-farmers-but-they-dont-help-the-environment","authors":["byline_bayareabites_124597"],"categories":["bayareabites_1874","bayareabites_358","bayareabites_60"],"tags":["bayareabites_875","bayareabites_877","bayareabites_11445"],"featImg":"bayareabites_124598","label":"bayareabites"},"bayareabites_122176":{"type":"posts","id":"bayareabites_122176","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"bayareabites","id":"122176","score":null,"sort":[1509982609000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"despite-heavy-losses-from-fires-north-bay-beekeepers-focus-on-regeneration","title":"Despite Heavy Losses From Fires, North Bay Beekeepers Focus on Regeneration","publishDate":1509982609,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Bay Area Bites | KQED Food","labelTerm":{"site":"bayareabites"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cem>Some North Bay beekeepers lost multiple hives to the North Bay fires, while others saw only behavioral changes in their bees. In the end, everyone was impacted.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a Monday morning, just a few hours after the most devastating wildfire in California history bore down from Calistoga into the northern edges of Santa Rosa, local apiarist Dewitt Barker received a text from his friend Susy Finzell. She’d had to flee her house in the middle of the night. The house was gone. Most likely, his 25 bee colonies had perished too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finzell lives on 27 acres of land on the backside of Fountaingrove with views of the Sonoma Valley and the Mayacamas Mountains. For eight years, Barker, the founder of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kisstheflowerhoney.com\">Kiss the Flower Honey Company\u003c/a>, had kept his main apiary there, on “pirate bee ships,” his name for large moveable trailers filled with living and empty bee hives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few days later, Barker saw the destruction with his own eyes. The entire bee-yard had been reduced to ash. Not a single bee had survived. Nothing remained but cinder blocks and five scorched bee boxes. He cried—a big, chest-heaving cry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I felt such despair because I didn’t have an opportunity to run over there and try to move them,” he says. “There was no warning by the time the fire swept through. They were gone. It’s like your children; you want to protect these vulnerable creatures.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_122182\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/11/IMG_1925-new.jpg\" alt=\"The post-fire remnants of Barker’s “pirate bee ships” on Suzy Fizell’s property in Santa Rosa.\" width=\"600\" class=\"size-full wp-image-122182\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/11/IMG_1925-new.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/11/IMG_1925-new-160x213.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/11/IMG_1925-new-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/11/IMG_1925-new-768x1024.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/11/IMG_1925-new-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/11/IMG_1925-new-1180x1573.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/11/IMG_1925-new-960x1280.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/11/IMG_1925-new-240x320.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/11/IMG_1925-new-375x500.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/11/IMG_1925-new-520x693.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The post-fire remnants of Barker’s “pirate bee ships” on Suzy Fizell’s property in Santa Rosa. \u003ccite>(Dewitt Barker)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_122181\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/11/IMG_1923-new.jpg\" alt=\"The post-fire remnants of Barker’s “pirate bee ships” on Suzy Fizell’s property in Santa Rosa.\" width=\"600\" class=\"size-full wp-image-122181\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/11/IMG_1923-new.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/11/IMG_1923-new-160x213.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/11/IMG_1923-new-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/11/IMG_1923-new-768x1024.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/11/IMG_1923-new-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/11/IMG_1923-new-1180x1573.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/11/IMG_1923-new-960x1280.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/11/IMG_1923-new-240x320.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/11/IMG_1923-new-375x500.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/11/IMG_1923-new-520x693.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The post-fire remnants of Barker’s “pirate bee ships” on Suzy Fizell’s property in Santa Rosa. \u003ccite>(Dewitt Barker)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The bees, he says, never had a chance in the face of the ferocious and fast-moving fire, which was propelled by hurricane force winds and reached temperatures high enough to melt glass and hubcaps. Plus, bees communicate through smell. With no warning, and a reluctance to fly out in the middle of the night, the bees were overwhelmed by the smoke, which impeded their usually strong ability to communicate and initiate an emergency response.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_122180\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/11/IMG_1460-new.jpg\" alt=\"DeWitt Barker with his bees in Graton.\" width=\"600\" class=\"size-full wp-image-122180\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/11/IMG_1460-new.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/11/IMG_1460-new-160x213.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/11/IMG_1460-new-800x1065.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/11/IMG_1460-new-768x1022.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/11/IMG_1460-new-1020x1358.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/11/IMG_1460-new-1180x1571.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/11/IMG_1460-new-960x1278.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/11/IMG_1460-new-240x320.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/11/IMG_1460-new-375x499.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/11/IMG_1460-new-520x692.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">DeWitt Barker with his bees in Graton. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of DeWitt Barker)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It wasn’t an easy thing to take in for someone who calls beekeeping his “spiritual practice.” After leaving a career in the music industry, Barker studied beekeeping and queen bee rearing at UC Davis before launching his company in Sonoma County. He describes himself as a treatment-free beekeeper, which means he doesn’t apply \u003ca href=\"http://scientificbeekeeping.com/miticides-2011/\">miticides\u003c/a>, unlike most commercial beekeepers. He also has a deep interest in breeding and genetics, and mourns the loss of a decade of genetics acclimated to that specific location, calling it “a devastating loss of living colonies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These were very strong bees at the point that the fires took them out,” says Barker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_122178\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/11/IMG_0955-new.jpg\" alt=\"Bees hard at work.\" width=\"600\" class=\"size-full wp-image-122178\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/11/IMG_0955-new.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/11/IMG_0955-new-160x284.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/11/IMG_0955-new-240x426.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/11/IMG_0955-new-375x666.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/11/IMG_0955-new-520x923.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bees hard at work. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of DeWitt Barker)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Over in the Sonoma Valley, Serge Labesque has been practicing natural beekeeping for twenty years. His unconventional approach to keeping honeybees has brought him notoriety in the North Bay where he teaches classes on natural beekeeping at Santa Rosa Junior College. According to Labesque, who is originally from France, most conventional beekeeping “goes against nature” for the benefit of humans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He handles honeybees like the wild creatures he believes them to be. “I keep the bees in mind,” he says. “Nature knows better than I do as a beekeeper. I try to respect the biology in my approach. I let the bees tell me what to do rather than forcing my intent on them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Labesque keeps apiaries in four locations near his home in Glen Ellen. His main apiary is at \u003ca href=\"http://oakhillfarm.net\">Oak Hill Farm\u003c/a>, a small, diversified, organic and family-owned farm of Highway 12 near the \u003ca href=\"https://www.egret.org/preserves_bouverie\">Bouverie Wildflower Preserve\u003c/a>. The fires came within a few feet of the hives, but a fire break stopped the flames in their tracks. Everything around them was consumed and turned to ash, but the hives were spared. In what Labesque calls a miracle, the hives have yet to show any physical traces of fire whatsoever, an outcome he attributes to a combination of proximity to fire breaks and plain luck. A “good season” also means that the stores of honey and pollen are abundant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nonetheless, the bees' behavior indicates subtle negative impacts, perhaps stirred up by the fast-moving wildfire. Most notably, even as stores remain in top condition, the bees have shown signs of stress, mainly displayed as increased aggression. Labesque has discovered severed bee parts— legs and wings—torn away from the bees' bodies when they move too quickly within the hive. He’s also noticed some bees engaged in a behavior called “robbing,” when a strong colony attacks a weaker colony to settle honey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They are extremely agitated and very defensive much more than normal,” says Labesque. “I attribute that to the density of the smoke.” Despite these worrisome behaviors, he’s optimistic that once the smoke and the odor from burned vegetation and structures subside, the bees will return to normal pre-winter behaviors. They have plenty of food and forage from stands of eucalyptus and coyote brush that survived the fire. He’s not too worried about the bees' stores for the winter. They should have enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Labesque is encouraging fellow beekeepers to multiply and propagate those bees that make it through the coming winter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We should multiply the bees that survived the fire and make them available to all the beekeepers who had lost their hives,” he says. “If we don’t do that, we’re going to be opening the door to the introduction bees that aren’t adapted to our local conditions. As we import bees, we import not only genetic material that is unfit to our area, but also new pests and pathogens that harm our bee population.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One animal population that doesn’t get as much attention are local feral bees. Unlike their domesticated cousins, these native pollinators don’t typically keep stores and they live a solitary lifestyle, nesting in holes and leaves on the ground. According to Jon Sevigny, a beekeeper in Napa Valley, the recovery for these bees will be slow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These colonies that have survived will be in competition for food,” Sevigny said in a statement posted on the \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/NapaValleyBeekeepers/\">Napa Valley Beekeepers Facebook page.\u003c/a> “A lot of what they’re foraging will be concentrated where there are available food sources, like homes, gardens, and farmland.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vineyards offer little sustenance to the bees, which means that until replacement plants like lupine spring up, the resources will be slim. But there are ways that people can help the bees rebound. Sevigny recommends planting a diverse assortment of seasonal and winter blooming flowers as bees can travel up to three miles in search of food sources. Rosemary, lavender, mint, and other flowering herbs are popular choices—just make sure they weren’t treated with pesticides or neonicotoids, which have been tied to \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colony_collapse_disorder\">Colony Collapse Disorder\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also suggests a gentle approach to gardening where leaves and underbrush are allowed to remain in place so as to prove nest locations where feral bees can overwinter. “Bees and more so, native pollinators, have been at this game since time began,” writes Sevigny. “They are resilient and resourceful. They will rebound.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DeWitt Barker, despite the loss of 25 living colonies, shares this positive attitude. With over 60 hives spread throughout Sonoma County, he still has dozens of hives stationed on organic farms and other open spaces in Sebastopol, Graton, and parts of Santa Rosa that were unscathed by the fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The bees are building up as we speak,” says Barker about his hives at Blue Lake Farms in east Santa Rosa.”Will, the farmer there, is cover cropping with buckwheat; I’m lucky to know people like him, who are doing the right thing and feeding bees during a time of the year when there is usually no nectar flow going.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_122179\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/11/IMG_1165-new.jpg\" alt=\"Dewitt Barker pulling honeycomb for the farmer’s market from Santa Rosa hives.\" width=\"600\" class=\"size-full wp-image-122179\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/11/IMG_1165-new.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/11/IMG_1165-new-160x213.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/11/IMG_1165-new-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/11/IMG_1165-new-768x1024.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/11/IMG_1165-new-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/11/IMG_1165-new-1180x1573.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/11/IMG_1165-new-960x1280.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/11/IMG_1165-new-240x320.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/11/IMG_1165-new-375x500.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/11/IMG_1165-new-520x693.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dewitt Barker pulling honeycomb for the farmer’s market from Santa Rosa hives. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of DeWitt Barker)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>His bees also have strong, locally acclimated genetics, thanks to years of careful breeding. After refreshing his knowledge of queen bee breeding, Barker will work on building up baby colonies from his remaining hives. Urged on by a client, \u003ca href=\"https://www.goodeggs.com/sfbay/welcome/step/zip\">Good Eggs\u003c/a>, the organic grocery delivery service out of San Francisco, Barker is putting together a loan application through \u003ca href=\"https://www.kiva.org\">Kiva,\u003c/a> an online lending platform.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’ll probably take about two years to build back his hives in the hills above Santa Rosa, but he’s up for the challenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s nothing like this kind of firestorm to forge one’s will and determination to succeed,” says Barker. “I’m doubling down on my efforts to do my best with what remains, and I have a lot of confidence in the honeybees ability to generate more abundance. Because nature is regenerative; it heals itself.”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Some North Bay beekeepers lost multiple hives to the North Bay fires, while others saw only behavioral changes in their bees. In the end, everyone was impacted. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1510064093,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":26,"wordCount":1574},"headData":{"title":"Despite Heavy Losses From Fires, North Bay Beekeepers Focus on Regeneration | KQED","description":"Some North Bay beekeepers lost multiple hives to the North Bay fires, while others saw only behavioral changes in their bees. In the end, everyone was impacted. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Despite Heavy Losses From Fires, North Bay Beekeepers Focus on Regeneration","datePublished":"2017-11-06T15:36:49.000Z","dateModified":"2017-11-07T14:14:53.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"122176 https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=122176","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2017/11/06/despite-heavy-losses-from-fires-north-bay-beekeepers-focus-on-regeneration/","disqusTitle":"Despite Heavy Losses From Fires, North Bay Beekeepers Focus on Regeneration","path":"/bayareabites/122176/despite-heavy-losses-from-fires-north-bay-beekeepers-focus-on-regeneration","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Some North Bay beekeepers lost multiple hives to the North Bay fires, while others saw only behavioral changes in their bees. In the end, everyone was impacted.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a Monday morning, just a few hours after the most devastating wildfire in California history bore down from Calistoga into the northern edges of Santa Rosa, local apiarist Dewitt Barker received a text from his friend Susy Finzell. She’d had to flee her house in the middle of the night. The house was gone. Most likely, his 25 bee colonies had perished too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finzell lives on 27 acres of land on the backside of Fountaingrove with views of the Sonoma Valley and the Mayacamas Mountains. For eight years, Barker, the founder of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kisstheflowerhoney.com\">Kiss the Flower Honey Company\u003c/a>, had kept his main apiary there, on “pirate bee ships,” his name for large moveable trailers filled with living and empty bee hives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few days later, Barker saw the destruction with his own eyes. The entire bee-yard had been reduced to ash. Not a single bee had survived. Nothing remained but cinder blocks and five scorched bee boxes. He cried—a big, chest-heaving cry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I felt such despair because I didn’t have an opportunity to run over there and try to move them,” he says. “There was no warning by the time the fire swept through. They were gone. It’s like your children; you want to protect these vulnerable creatures.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_122182\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/11/IMG_1925-new.jpg\" alt=\"The post-fire remnants of Barker’s “pirate bee ships” on Suzy Fizell’s property in Santa Rosa.\" width=\"600\" class=\"size-full wp-image-122182\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/11/IMG_1925-new.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/11/IMG_1925-new-160x213.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/11/IMG_1925-new-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/11/IMG_1925-new-768x1024.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/11/IMG_1925-new-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/11/IMG_1925-new-1180x1573.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/11/IMG_1925-new-960x1280.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/11/IMG_1925-new-240x320.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/11/IMG_1925-new-375x500.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/11/IMG_1925-new-520x693.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The post-fire remnants of Barker’s “pirate bee ships” on Suzy Fizell’s property in Santa Rosa. \u003ccite>(Dewitt Barker)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_122181\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/11/IMG_1923-new.jpg\" alt=\"The post-fire remnants of Barker’s “pirate bee ships” on Suzy Fizell’s property in Santa Rosa.\" width=\"600\" class=\"size-full wp-image-122181\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/11/IMG_1923-new.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/11/IMG_1923-new-160x213.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/11/IMG_1923-new-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/11/IMG_1923-new-768x1024.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/11/IMG_1923-new-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/11/IMG_1923-new-1180x1573.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/11/IMG_1923-new-960x1280.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/11/IMG_1923-new-240x320.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/11/IMG_1923-new-375x500.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/11/IMG_1923-new-520x693.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The post-fire remnants of Barker’s “pirate bee ships” on Suzy Fizell’s property in Santa Rosa. \u003ccite>(Dewitt Barker)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The bees, he says, never had a chance in the face of the ferocious and fast-moving fire, which was propelled by hurricane force winds and reached temperatures high enough to melt glass and hubcaps. Plus, bees communicate through smell. With no warning, and a reluctance to fly out in the middle of the night, the bees were overwhelmed by the smoke, which impeded their usually strong ability to communicate and initiate an emergency response.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_122180\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/11/IMG_1460-new.jpg\" alt=\"DeWitt Barker with his bees in Graton.\" width=\"600\" class=\"size-full wp-image-122180\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/11/IMG_1460-new.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/11/IMG_1460-new-160x213.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/11/IMG_1460-new-800x1065.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/11/IMG_1460-new-768x1022.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/11/IMG_1460-new-1020x1358.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/11/IMG_1460-new-1180x1571.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/11/IMG_1460-new-960x1278.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/11/IMG_1460-new-240x320.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/11/IMG_1460-new-375x499.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/11/IMG_1460-new-520x692.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">DeWitt Barker with his bees in Graton. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of DeWitt Barker)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It wasn’t an easy thing to take in for someone who calls beekeeping his “spiritual practice.” After leaving a career in the music industry, Barker studied beekeeping and queen bee rearing at UC Davis before launching his company in Sonoma County. He describes himself as a treatment-free beekeeper, which means he doesn’t apply \u003ca href=\"http://scientificbeekeeping.com/miticides-2011/\">miticides\u003c/a>, unlike most commercial beekeepers. He also has a deep interest in breeding and genetics, and mourns the loss of a decade of genetics acclimated to that specific location, calling it “a devastating loss of living colonies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These were very strong bees at the point that the fires took them out,” says Barker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_122178\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/11/IMG_0955-new.jpg\" alt=\"Bees hard at work.\" width=\"600\" class=\"size-full wp-image-122178\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/11/IMG_0955-new.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/11/IMG_0955-new-160x284.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/11/IMG_0955-new-240x426.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/11/IMG_0955-new-375x666.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/11/IMG_0955-new-520x923.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bees hard at work. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of DeWitt Barker)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Over in the Sonoma Valley, Serge Labesque has been practicing natural beekeeping for twenty years. His unconventional approach to keeping honeybees has brought him notoriety in the North Bay where he teaches classes on natural beekeeping at Santa Rosa Junior College. According to Labesque, who is originally from France, most conventional beekeeping “goes against nature” for the benefit of humans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He handles honeybees like the wild creatures he believes them to be. “I keep the bees in mind,” he says. “Nature knows better than I do as a beekeeper. I try to respect the biology in my approach. I let the bees tell me what to do rather than forcing my intent on them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Labesque keeps apiaries in four locations near his home in Glen Ellen. His main apiary is at \u003ca href=\"http://oakhillfarm.net\">Oak Hill Farm\u003c/a>, a small, diversified, organic and family-owned farm of Highway 12 near the \u003ca href=\"https://www.egret.org/preserves_bouverie\">Bouverie Wildflower Preserve\u003c/a>. The fires came within a few feet of the hives, but a fire break stopped the flames in their tracks. Everything around them was consumed and turned to ash, but the hives were spared. In what Labesque calls a miracle, the hives have yet to show any physical traces of fire whatsoever, an outcome he attributes to a combination of proximity to fire breaks and plain luck. A “good season” also means that the stores of honey and pollen are abundant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nonetheless, the bees' behavior indicates subtle negative impacts, perhaps stirred up by the fast-moving wildfire. Most notably, even as stores remain in top condition, the bees have shown signs of stress, mainly displayed as increased aggression. Labesque has discovered severed bee parts— legs and wings—torn away from the bees' bodies when they move too quickly within the hive. He’s also noticed some bees engaged in a behavior called “robbing,” when a strong colony attacks a weaker colony to settle honey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They are extremely agitated and very defensive much more than normal,” says Labesque. “I attribute that to the density of the smoke.” Despite these worrisome behaviors, he’s optimistic that once the smoke and the odor from burned vegetation and structures subside, the bees will return to normal pre-winter behaviors. They have plenty of food and forage from stands of eucalyptus and coyote brush that survived the fire. He’s not too worried about the bees' stores for the winter. They should have enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Labesque is encouraging fellow beekeepers to multiply and propagate those bees that make it through the coming winter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We should multiply the bees that survived the fire and make them available to all the beekeepers who had lost their hives,” he says. “If we don’t do that, we’re going to be opening the door to the introduction bees that aren’t adapted to our local conditions. As we import bees, we import not only genetic material that is unfit to our area, but also new pests and pathogens that harm our bee population.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One animal population that doesn’t get as much attention are local feral bees. Unlike their domesticated cousins, these native pollinators don’t typically keep stores and they live a solitary lifestyle, nesting in holes and leaves on the ground. According to Jon Sevigny, a beekeeper in Napa Valley, the recovery for these bees will be slow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These colonies that have survived will be in competition for food,” Sevigny said in a statement posted on the \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/NapaValleyBeekeepers/\">Napa Valley Beekeepers Facebook page.\u003c/a> “A lot of what they’re foraging will be concentrated where there are available food sources, like homes, gardens, and farmland.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vineyards offer little sustenance to the bees, which means that until replacement plants like lupine spring up, the resources will be slim. But there are ways that people can help the bees rebound. Sevigny recommends planting a diverse assortment of seasonal and winter blooming flowers as bees can travel up to three miles in search of food sources. Rosemary, lavender, mint, and other flowering herbs are popular choices—just make sure they weren’t treated with pesticides or neonicotoids, which have been tied to \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colony_collapse_disorder\">Colony Collapse Disorder\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also suggests a gentle approach to gardening where leaves and underbrush are allowed to remain in place so as to prove nest locations where feral bees can overwinter. “Bees and more so, native pollinators, have been at this game since time began,” writes Sevigny. “They are resilient and resourceful. They will rebound.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DeWitt Barker, despite the loss of 25 living colonies, shares this positive attitude. With over 60 hives spread throughout Sonoma County, he still has dozens of hives stationed on organic farms and other open spaces in Sebastopol, Graton, and parts of Santa Rosa that were unscathed by the fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The bees are building up as we speak,” says Barker about his hives at Blue Lake Farms in east Santa Rosa.”Will, the farmer there, is cover cropping with buckwheat; I’m lucky to know people like him, who are doing the right thing and feeding bees during a time of the year when there is usually no nectar flow going.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_122179\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/11/IMG_1165-new.jpg\" alt=\"Dewitt Barker pulling honeycomb for the farmer’s market from Santa Rosa hives.\" width=\"600\" class=\"size-full wp-image-122179\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/11/IMG_1165-new.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/11/IMG_1165-new-160x213.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/11/IMG_1165-new-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/11/IMG_1165-new-768x1024.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/11/IMG_1165-new-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/11/IMG_1165-new-1180x1573.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/11/IMG_1165-new-960x1280.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/11/IMG_1165-new-240x320.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/11/IMG_1165-new-375x500.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/11/IMG_1165-new-520x693.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dewitt Barker pulling honeycomb for the farmer’s market from Santa Rosa hives. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of DeWitt Barker)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>His bees also have strong, locally acclimated genetics, thanks to years of careful breeding. After refreshing his knowledge of queen bee breeding, Barker will work on building up baby colonies from his remaining hives. Urged on by a client, \u003ca href=\"https://www.goodeggs.com/sfbay/welcome/step/zip\">Good Eggs\u003c/a>, the organic grocery delivery service out of San Francisco, Barker is putting together a loan application through \u003ca href=\"https://www.kiva.org\">Kiva,\u003c/a> an online lending platform.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’ll probably take about two years to build back his hives in the hills above Santa Rosa, but he’s up for the challenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s nothing like this kind of firestorm to forge one’s will and determination to succeed,” says Barker. “I’m doubling down on my efforts to do my best with what remains, and I have a lot of confidence in the honeybees ability to generate more abundance. Because nature is regenerative; it heals itself.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/122176/despite-heavy-losses-from-fires-north-bay-beekeepers-focus-on-regeneration","authors":["3224"],"categories":["bayareabites_109","bayareabites_1874","bayareabites_11028","bayareabites_10028","bayareabites_1875","bayareabites_15155","bayareabites_358","bayareabites_15156","bayareabites_60"],"tags":["bayareabites_875","bayareabites_15996","bayareabites_15921"],"featImg":"bayareabites_122177","label":"bayareabites"},"bayareabites_109903":{"type":"posts","id":"bayareabites_109903","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"bayareabites","id":"109903","score":null,"sort":[1465232869000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"beekeepers-feel-the-sting-of-hives-stolen-in-california","title":"Beekeepers Feel The Sting Of Hives Stolen In California","publishDate":1465232869,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Bay Area Bites | KQED Food","labelTerm":{"site":"bayareabites"},"content":"\u003cp>Between December and March, beekeepers send millions of hives to California to pollinate almond trees. Not all of the hives make it back home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The number of beehive thefts is increasing,\" explains Jay Freeman, a detective with the Butte County Sheriff's Office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, 1,734 hives were stolen during peak almond pollination season in 2016. In Butte County alone, the number of stolen hives jumped from 200 in 2015 to 400 this year, according to Freeman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Denise Qualls, a California bee broker who arranges contracts between beekeepers and almond growers, isn't surprised that beehive thefts are on the rise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It takes more than 2 million beehives to pollinate California almonds. Currently, beekeepers are paid $200 per hive for pollination services (compared with $130 per hive in 2010).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To complicate matters, bee brokers who arrange contracts between beekeepers and almond growers are discovering that there are not enough beehives to go around, driving up demand, rental costs — and thefts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because of the expertise required to steal hives, the general consensus is that beekeepers are behind the heists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Beekeepers have the knowledge and equipment to go in and take the hives and the market to profit from them,\" Qualls says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thieves targeting hives to rent during pollination season are not making off with one or two hives. In Butte County, several large-scale hive thefts occurred this year, with reports ranging from 64 to 200 hives swiped at a time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Almond orchards are in rural areas with acres of trees, few homesteads and almost no surveillance,\" says Qualls, president and CEO of Pollination Connection. \"It's hard to monitor the hives.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most hives are unmarked, making it impossible to identify hives that might be stolen. Beekeepers who do brand each of their hives with the names and numbers of their apiaries often fall victim to creative thieves who remove the frames (the guts of the hive that are covered with bees and laden with honey) and put them in new, unmarked hive bodies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Thieves are going after easily accessible hives and unmarked hives,\" says Freeman. \"Someone who knows how to handle them can move 200 hives in a matter of minutes.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because stolen hives are hard to detect, it's difficult for law enforcement to catch and prosecute thieves and return hives to beekeepers. When thieves are caught, the penalties are harsh.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, a beekeeper stood trial for the theft of 64 hives that he pilfered from Butte County and rented to an almond grower (through a bee broker) in a neighboring county. At the trial for the February crime, he was convicted of grand theft of an animal — a felony in California — and sentenced to 90 days in county jail and three years' probation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Insurance policies are cost prohibitive, according to Freeman, and few beekeepers are reimbursed for their losses. To combat bee theft, some beekeepers are putting GPS units in their hives. And some growers are hiring guards to patrol almond orchards overnight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"For the growers, this is their entire livelihood,\" Qualls says. \"If someone steals their bees, it hurts their crops.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's not just large-scale apiaries and California almond growers feeling the sting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In April, 184 hives valued at CA$200,000 were stolen in Quebec. Three hives were pinched from the garden at a dental office in Greenville, S.C., in February. And thieves made off with two hives from a clover field in Des Moines, Iowa, in May.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Iowa theft was caught on a surveillance camera. The thieves pulled up in a pickup truck and loaded up the hives. None of the beehives, which belonged to the Iowa Honey Co., were branded, according to its owner, Rob Taylor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Taylor, a beekeeper and member of the U.S. House of Representatives, lost the honey and equipment and spent more than $500 on replacements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If someone steals the hives, they have no upfront costs,\" he says. \"Any honey they pull off at the end of the season is pure profit; they are short-cutting the system.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sheriff who took the report said he'd never heard of a beehive theft before. When news of the stolen hives hit the local media, three more Iowa beekeepers came forward with similar reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Taylor hopes the surveillance footage will help local law enforcement catch the thieves and recover the stolen hives. In the meantime, he's branded the 17 additional hives he maintains in locations throughout Des Moines and installed GPS tracking systems in each one in case his hives are targeted again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Who would have thought in the 21st century we'd have to worry about bee rustlers?\" he ponders.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Jodi Helmer is a North Carolina journalist and beekeeper who frequently writes about food and farming.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2016 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Beekeepers make money renting out hives to pollinate crops. But in California, thefts are on the rise. That's led to a hive shortage that is driving up demand, costs — and more thefts.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1465232869,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":28,"wordCount":801},"headData":{"title":"Beekeepers Feel The Sting Of Hives Stolen In California | KQED","description":"Beekeepers make money renting out hives to pollinate crops. But in California, thefts are on the rise. That's led to a hive shortage that is driving up demand, costs — and more thefts.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Beekeepers Feel The Sting Of Hives Stolen In California","datePublished":"2016-06-06T17:07:49.000Z","dateModified":"2016-06-06T17:07:49.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"109903 http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=109903","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2016/06/06/beekeepers-feel-the-sting-of-hives-stolen-in-california/","disqusTitle":"Beekeepers Feel The Sting Of Hives Stolen In California","nprImageCredit":"Barbara Rich","nprByline":"Jodi Helmer, \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/author/nprfood/\">NPR Food\u003c/a>","nprImageAgency":"Getty Images","nprStoryId":"480192314","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=480192314&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2016/06/06/480192314/beekeepers-feel-the-sting-of-stolen-hives?ft=nprml&f=480192314","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Mon, 06 Jun 2016 09:55:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Mon, 06 Jun 2016 09:54:00 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Mon, 06 Jun 2016 11:11:48 -0400","path":"/bayareabites/109903/beekeepers-feel-the-sting-of-hives-stolen-in-california","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Between December and March, beekeepers send millions of hives to California to pollinate almond trees. Not all of the hives make it back home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The number of beehive thefts is increasing,\" explains Jay Freeman, a detective with the Butte County Sheriff's Office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, 1,734 hives were stolen during peak almond pollination season in 2016. In Butte County alone, the number of stolen hives jumped from 200 in 2015 to 400 this year, according to Freeman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Denise Qualls, a California bee broker who arranges contracts between beekeepers and almond growers, isn't surprised that beehive thefts are on the rise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It takes more than 2 million beehives to pollinate California almonds. Currently, beekeepers are paid $200 per hive for pollination services (compared with $130 per hive in 2010).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To complicate matters, bee brokers who arrange contracts between beekeepers and almond growers are discovering that there are not enough beehives to go around, driving up demand, rental costs — and thefts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because of the expertise required to steal hives, the general consensus is that beekeepers are behind the heists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Beekeepers have the knowledge and equipment to go in and take the hives and the market to profit from them,\" Qualls says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thieves targeting hives to rent during pollination season are not making off with one or two hives. In Butte County, several large-scale hive thefts occurred this year, with reports ranging from 64 to 200 hives swiped at a time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Almond orchards are in rural areas with acres of trees, few homesteads and almost no surveillance,\" says Qualls, president and CEO of Pollination Connection. \"It's hard to monitor the hives.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most hives are unmarked, making it impossible to identify hives that might be stolen. Beekeepers who do brand each of their hives with the names and numbers of their apiaries often fall victim to creative thieves who remove the frames (the guts of the hive that are covered with bees and laden with honey) and put them in new, unmarked hive bodies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Thieves are going after easily accessible hives and unmarked hives,\" says Freeman. \"Someone who knows how to handle them can move 200 hives in a matter of minutes.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because stolen hives are hard to detect, it's difficult for law enforcement to catch and prosecute thieves and return hives to beekeepers. When thieves are caught, the penalties are harsh.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, a beekeeper stood trial for the theft of 64 hives that he pilfered from Butte County and rented to an almond grower (through a bee broker) in a neighboring county. At the trial for the February crime, he was convicted of grand theft of an animal — a felony in California — and sentenced to 90 days in county jail and three years' probation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Insurance policies are cost prohibitive, according to Freeman, and few beekeepers are reimbursed for their losses. To combat bee theft, some beekeepers are putting GPS units in their hives. And some growers are hiring guards to patrol almond orchards overnight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"For the growers, this is their entire livelihood,\" Qualls says. \"If someone steals their bees, it hurts their crops.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's not just large-scale apiaries and California almond growers feeling the sting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In April, 184 hives valued at CA$200,000 were stolen in Quebec. Three hives were pinched from the garden at a dental office in Greenville, S.C., in February. And thieves made off with two hives from a clover field in Des Moines, Iowa, in May.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Iowa theft was caught on a surveillance camera. The thieves pulled up in a pickup truck and loaded up the hives. None of the beehives, which belonged to the Iowa Honey Co., were branded, according to its owner, Rob Taylor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Taylor, a beekeeper and member of the U.S. House of Representatives, lost the honey and equipment and spent more than $500 on replacements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If someone steals the hives, they have no upfront costs,\" he says. \"Any honey they pull off at the end of the season is pure profit; they are short-cutting the system.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sheriff who took the report said he'd never heard of a beehive theft before. When news of the stolen hives hit the local media, three more Iowa beekeepers came forward with similar reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Taylor hopes the surveillance footage will help local law enforcement catch the thieves and recover the stolen hives. In the meantime, he's branded the 17 additional hives he maintains in locations throughout Des Moines and installed GPS tracking systems in each one in case his hives are targeted again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Who would have thought in the 21st century we'd have to worry about bee rustlers?\" he ponders.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Jodi Helmer is a North Carolina journalist and beekeeper who frequently writes about food and farming.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2016 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/109903/beekeepers-feel-the-sting-of-hives-stolen-in-california","authors":["byline_bayareabites_109903"],"categories":["bayareabites_1874","bayareabites_10028","bayareabites_358","bayareabites_60"],"tags":["bayareabites_15491","bayareabites_875","bayareabites_250","bayareabites_15492"],"featImg":"bayareabites_109904","label":"bayareabites"},"bayareabites_108964":{"type":"posts","id":"bayareabites_108964","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"bayareabites","id":"108964","score":null,"sort":[1461880872000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"keeping-bees-safe-its-a-ruff-job-but-this-doggy-detective-gets-it-done","title":"Keeping Bees Safe: It's A Ruff Job, But This Doggy Detective Gets It Done","publishDate":1461880872,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Bay Area Bites | KQED Food","labelTerm":{"site":"bayareabites"},"content":"\u003cp>The newest apiary inspector at the Maryland Department of Agriculture has four legs, golden fur and a powerful sniffer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mack, a 2-year-old yellow Lab, joined the team last fall to help his mom, chief apiary inspector Cybil Preston, inspect beehives for American foulbrood — AFB — a highly contagious bacterial disease that infects honeybee brood and, eventually, kills the colony.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Maryland has a thriving beekeeping industry, and most of our beekeepers have thousands of hives that travel from state to state for pollination,\" explains Preston. \"It's our job to make sure that infected hives don't cross state lines.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Maryland Department of Agriculture has had a \"bee dog\" on staff since 1982 and is believed to be the only state agency in the nation using a dog to detect AFB.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Australia, a black Labrador named Bazz has taken on the role of apiary inspector and reports to work wearing a custom bee suit to protect him from getting stung.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alice Whitelaw, co-founder of \u003ca href=\"http://www.wd4c.org/\">Working Dogs for Conservation\u003c/a>, a nonprofit organization in Montana that trains dogs to sniff out invasive species, isn't surprised that a dog is helping prevent the spread of a deadly bee disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Combined with all of the other tools we have, dogs are a really good application for a lot of conservation issues,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mack is the fifth dog to hold the position. His predecessor, a black Lab named Klinker, retired last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The program is a unique asset to our department and we didn't want to let it go,\" Preston says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To keep a dog on staff, Preston set out to find and train a new canine apiary inspector. A member of her local beekeeping group told her about Mack. The dog was living in a garage and needed a new home — along with some manners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He was quite rude,\" Preston recalls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Mack proved to be a quick learner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_108969\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1500px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2016/04/mackthedog-2_custom-5a815e3dede2d53148ed84b3f5df8f58e5ea35b4-s1500-c85.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2016/04/mackthedog-2_custom-5a815e3dede2d53148ed84b3f5df8f58e5ea35b4-s1500-c85.jpg\" alt=\"Mack works for the Maryland Department of Agriculture to sniff out American foulbrood in bee colonies. He underwent a 14-week training program to get certified as an American foulbrood detection dog.\" width=\"1500\" height=\"999\" class=\"size-full wp-image-108969\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/04/mackthedog-2_custom-5a815e3dede2d53148ed84b3f5df8f58e5ea35b4-s1500-c85.jpg 1500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/04/mackthedog-2_custom-5a815e3dede2d53148ed84b3f5df8f58e5ea35b4-s1500-c85-400x266.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/04/mackthedog-2_custom-5a815e3dede2d53148ed84b3f5df8f58e5ea35b4-s1500-c85-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/04/mackthedog-2_custom-5a815e3dede2d53148ed84b3f5df8f58e5ea35b4-s1500-c85-768x511.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/04/mackthedog-2_custom-5a815e3dede2d53148ed84b3f5df8f58e5ea35b4-s1500-c85-1440x959.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/04/mackthedog-2_custom-5a815e3dede2d53148ed84b3f5df8f58e5ea35b4-s1500-c85-1180x786.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/04/mackthedog-2_custom-5a815e3dede2d53148ed84b3f5df8f58e5ea35b4-s1500-c85-960x639.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1500px) 100vw, 1500px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mack works for the Maryland Department of Agriculture to sniff out American foulbrood in bee colonies. He underwent a 14-week training program to get certified as an American foulbrood detection dog. \u003ccite>(Morgan McCloy/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Preston taught the dog basic commands and then partnered with the team at the Maryland Department of Public Safety and Correctional Services to complete a 14-week training program to have Mack certified as a detection dog.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the field, Mack works from November to April. When temperatures are cooler, the bees are less active, making Mack less apt to get stung. He moves from beehive to beehive, sniffing each one for the distinct odor of AFB infestation. If he smells AFB in a hive, he sits to alert Preston that a manual inspection is needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Using his nose, Mack can inspect 100 hives in 45 minutes. Preston must open each hive to perform a visual inspection, slowing her down; she can inspect 10 hives in the same amount of time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If we want to be efficient, we need a dog,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, Maryland state inspectors checked 2,200 hives and found 13 cases of AFB. Preston believes the dogs help keep the disease in check.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Every hive Klinker alerted on was 100 percent correct and certified by the USDA as confirmed AFB,\" she says. \"It would be a lot more prevalent if we weren't doing dog inspections.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hives were dormant when Mack started doing inspections last fall, so his success rate isn't clear yet. In field trials, he was 100 percent successful in identifying AFB.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hive inspections are the first line of defense in preventing the spread of AFB.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the disease is confirmed, the antibiotic Terramycin can be used to control the symptoms, but it doesn't destroy the spores; hives infected with AFB are frequently destroyed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Maryland, having a canine apiary inspector is an economical option for performing greater numbers of inspections and improving detection, says Preston, who owns Mack and pays for most of his care. (After Mack earned his AFB certification, the state agreed to pay for his vet bills.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bonus to having a dog on the team: it brings important attention to control the spread of the deadly disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A lot of beekeepers ... hear about the dog and call us out to inspect their hives,\" she explains. \"These kinds of relationships are essential for keeping instances of AFB down.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Jodi Helmer is a North Carolina-based journalist covering food and farming.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2016 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Mack is the newest addition to the Maryland Department of Agriculture's apiary inspection team. He uses his superior sniffer to find hives infected with a contagious disease that kills bee colonies.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1461880872,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":28,"wordCount":747},"headData":{"title":"Keeping Bees Safe: It's A Ruff Job, But This Doggy Detective Gets It Done | KQED","description":"Mack is the newest addition to the Maryland Department of Agriculture's apiary inspection team. He uses his superior sniffer to find hives infected with a contagious disease that kills bee colonies.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Keeping Bees Safe: It's A Ruff Job, But This Doggy Detective Gets It Done","datePublished":"2016-04-28T22:01:12.000Z","dateModified":"2016-04-28T22:01:12.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"108964 http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=108964","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2016/04/28/keeping-bees-safe-its-a-ruff-job-but-this-doggy-detective-gets-it-done/","disqusTitle":"Keeping Bees Safe: It's A Ruff Job, But This Doggy Detective Gets It Done","nprImageCredit":"Morgan McCloy","nprByline":"Jodi Helmer, \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/author/nprfood/\">NPR Food\u003c/a>","nprImageAgency":"NPR","nprStoryId":"474403993","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=474403993&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2016/04/28/474403993/meet-the-dog-who-s-saving-the-bees?ft=nprml&f=474403993","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Thu, 28 Apr 2016 14:53:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Thu, 28 Apr 2016 13:34:00 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Thu, 28 Apr 2016 14:53:55 -0400","path":"/bayareabites/108964/keeping-bees-safe-its-a-ruff-job-but-this-doggy-detective-gets-it-done","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The newest apiary inspector at the Maryland Department of Agriculture has four legs, golden fur and a powerful sniffer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mack, a 2-year-old yellow Lab, joined the team last fall to help his mom, chief apiary inspector Cybil Preston, inspect beehives for American foulbrood — AFB — a highly contagious bacterial disease that infects honeybee brood and, eventually, kills the colony.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Maryland has a thriving beekeeping industry, and most of our beekeepers have thousands of hives that travel from state to state for pollination,\" explains Preston. \"It's our job to make sure that infected hives don't cross state lines.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Maryland Department of Agriculture has had a \"bee dog\" on staff since 1982 and is believed to be the only state agency in the nation using a dog to detect AFB.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Australia, a black Labrador named Bazz has taken on the role of apiary inspector and reports to work wearing a custom bee suit to protect him from getting stung.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alice Whitelaw, co-founder of \u003ca href=\"http://www.wd4c.org/\">Working Dogs for Conservation\u003c/a>, a nonprofit organization in Montana that trains dogs to sniff out invasive species, isn't surprised that a dog is helping prevent the spread of a deadly bee disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Combined with all of the other tools we have, dogs are a really good application for a lot of conservation issues,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mack is the fifth dog to hold the position. His predecessor, a black Lab named Klinker, retired last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The program is a unique asset to our department and we didn't want to let it go,\" Preston says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To keep a dog on staff, Preston set out to find and train a new canine apiary inspector. A member of her local beekeeping group told her about Mack. The dog was living in a garage and needed a new home — along with some manners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He was quite rude,\" Preston recalls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Mack proved to be a quick learner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_108969\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1500px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2016/04/mackthedog-2_custom-5a815e3dede2d53148ed84b3f5df8f58e5ea35b4-s1500-c85.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2016/04/mackthedog-2_custom-5a815e3dede2d53148ed84b3f5df8f58e5ea35b4-s1500-c85.jpg\" alt=\"Mack works for the Maryland Department of Agriculture to sniff out American foulbrood in bee colonies. He underwent a 14-week training program to get certified as an American foulbrood detection dog.\" width=\"1500\" height=\"999\" class=\"size-full wp-image-108969\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/04/mackthedog-2_custom-5a815e3dede2d53148ed84b3f5df8f58e5ea35b4-s1500-c85.jpg 1500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/04/mackthedog-2_custom-5a815e3dede2d53148ed84b3f5df8f58e5ea35b4-s1500-c85-400x266.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/04/mackthedog-2_custom-5a815e3dede2d53148ed84b3f5df8f58e5ea35b4-s1500-c85-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/04/mackthedog-2_custom-5a815e3dede2d53148ed84b3f5df8f58e5ea35b4-s1500-c85-768x511.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/04/mackthedog-2_custom-5a815e3dede2d53148ed84b3f5df8f58e5ea35b4-s1500-c85-1440x959.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/04/mackthedog-2_custom-5a815e3dede2d53148ed84b3f5df8f58e5ea35b4-s1500-c85-1180x786.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/04/mackthedog-2_custom-5a815e3dede2d53148ed84b3f5df8f58e5ea35b4-s1500-c85-960x639.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1500px) 100vw, 1500px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mack works for the Maryland Department of Agriculture to sniff out American foulbrood in bee colonies. He underwent a 14-week training program to get certified as an American foulbrood detection dog. \u003ccite>(Morgan McCloy/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Preston taught the dog basic commands and then partnered with the team at the Maryland Department of Public Safety and Correctional Services to complete a 14-week training program to have Mack certified as a detection dog.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the field, Mack works from November to April. When temperatures are cooler, the bees are less active, making Mack less apt to get stung. He moves from beehive to beehive, sniffing each one for the distinct odor of AFB infestation. If he smells AFB in a hive, he sits to alert Preston that a manual inspection is needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Using his nose, Mack can inspect 100 hives in 45 minutes. Preston must open each hive to perform a visual inspection, slowing her down; she can inspect 10 hives in the same amount of time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If we want to be efficient, we need a dog,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, Maryland state inspectors checked 2,200 hives and found 13 cases of AFB. Preston believes the dogs help keep the disease in check.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Every hive Klinker alerted on was 100 percent correct and certified by the USDA as confirmed AFB,\" she says. \"It would be a lot more prevalent if we weren't doing dog inspections.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hives were dormant when Mack started doing inspections last fall, so his success rate isn't clear yet. In field trials, he was 100 percent successful in identifying AFB.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hive inspections are the first line of defense in preventing the spread of AFB.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the disease is confirmed, the antibiotic Terramycin can be used to control the symptoms, but it doesn't destroy the spores; hives infected with AFB are frequently destroyed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Maryland, having a canine apiary inspector is an economical option for performing greater numbers of inspections and improving detection, says Preston, who owns Mack and pays for most of his care. (After Mack earned his AFB certification, the state agreed to pay for his vet bills.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bonus to having a dog on the team: it brings important attention to control the spread of the deadly disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A lot of beekeepers ... hear about the dog and call us out to inspect their hives,\" she explains. \"These kinds of relationships are essential for keeping instances of AFB down.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Jodi Helmer is a North Carolina-based journalist covering food and farming.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2016 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/108964/keeping-bees-safe-its-a-ruff-job-but-this-doggy-detective-gets-it-done","authors":["byline_bayareabites_108964"],"categories":["bayareabites_1874","bayareabites_2554"],"tags":["bayareabites_1876","bayareabites_875","bayareabites_13822"],"featImg":"bayareabites_108965","label":"bayareabites"},"bayareabites_107943":{"type":"posts","id":"bayareabites_107943","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"bayareabites","id":"107943","score":null,"sort":[1458757104000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"with-bees-in-trouble-almond-farmers-try-trees-that-dont-need-em","title":"With Bees In Trouble, Almond Farmers Try Trees That Don't Need 'Em","publishDate":1458757104,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Bay Area Bites | KQED Food","labelTerm":{"site":"bayareabites"},"content":"\u003cp>Beekeepers flock from all over the country to California every February and March to watch billions of honeybees buzz around the state's almond trees. Eighty percent of the country's commercial bees visit the Golden State each spring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So I went to check out the scene at an almond orchard at the California State University, Fresno in central California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Really, the key is to stay calm around bees, because if you're afraid, then your body physiologically changes and they can sense that,\" beekeeper Brian Hiatt tells me. \"They literally can smell fear.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He should know: In this orchard alone, Hiatt has about 1.5 million bees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/256846544\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spring is usually a really busy time for beekeepers. But this year, Hiatt says he's worried that a relatively new variety of almonds called \u003ca href=\"http://www.davewilson.com/commercial-orchards/featured-products/independence-almond\">Independence\u003c/a> could harm the longevity of his business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Independence almond trees are easy to harvest, and they make tasty almonds. But what really sets them apart is the fact that they're self-fertile — meaning they technically don't need bees to pollinate their flowers because they're pollinating themselves (though some farmers say if you use just a few bees, you'll get an even bigger crop.) That's a boon for farmers, who spend lots of money hiring bees to pollinate their crop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There are a lot of these old almonds that still need bees,\" Hiatt notes. But as Independence almonds become more popular, he thinks he'd lose profits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_107945\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1599px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2016/03/almond-bee-6-27c292d0e34b7f1b412b6f23d594b6c2957b917e.jpg\" alt=\"Ben Barra guesses there are a couple thousand acres of the Independence almond variety in California. He says there is a growing waiting list for new sprigs of the tree.\" width=\"1599\" height=\"1199\" class=\"size-full wp-image-107945\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/03/almond-bee-6-27c292d0e34b7f1b412b6f23d594b6c2957b917e.jpg 1599w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/03/almond-bee-6-27c292d0e34b7f1b412b6f23d594b6c2957b917e-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/03/almond-bee-6-27c292d0e34b7f1b412b6f23d594b6c2957b917e-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/03/almond-bee-6-27c292d0e34b7f1b412b6f23d594b6c2957b917e-768x576.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/03/almond-bee-6-27c292d0e34b7f1b412b6f23d594b6c2957b917e-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/03/almond-bee-6-27c292d0e34b7f1b412b6f23d594b6c2957b917e-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/03/almond-bee-6-27c292d0e34b7f1b412b6f23d594b6c2957b917e-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1599px) 100vw, 1599px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ben Barra guesses there are a couple thousand acres of the Independence almond variety in California. He says there is a growing waiting list for new sprigs of the tree. \u003ccite>(Ezra David Romero/Valley Public Radio )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Others in the industry — including Gene Brandi with the \u003ca href=\"http://www.abfnet.org/\">American Beekeeping Federation\u003c/a> — see things differently, especially since a colony collapse disorder has killed as much as 40 percent of the honeybees in the West. \"I know how difficult it has been for our industry to supply the bees that are needed,\" Brandi says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And farmers like \u003ca href=\"http://pitiglianofarms.com/\">Josh Pitgliano\u003c/a> from Tulare County are loving Independence almonds. Pitgliano has several hundred acres of the self-fertile variety — he first started planting Independence trees six years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says he likes that with Independence almond trees, he has to use less than half the number of bees. Whereas most farmers place two hives per acre, Pitgliano scrapes by with half a hive per acre on his orchards of Independence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That translates to big savings: An average hive of bees costs around $180 to hire for the season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plus, Independence almond trees comes with another perk — easy harvest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I come in here once and I harvest all the nuts, all at one time,\" Pitgliano says. In contrast, traditional almond orchards have several varieties of the tree planted in each field and are harvested multiple times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the nuts these trees make are just as good, says farmer Ben Barra. When he realized he didn't have to hire any bees at all with the Independence variety, he was hooked. (When I visited his farm, there were some wild bees buzzing around.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barra has farmed everything from sugar beets to eggplant to potatoes. He tore out his peaches and plums after he had a really bad season, losing over $100,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_107946\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1599px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2016/03/almond-bee-3-e7b3e4ce65614d3b0ca6f5d3ce9093113c62c6e2.jpg\" alt=\"Ben Barra farms 18 acres of Independence almonds southwest of Fresno, Calif. He says this will be his last foray into farming.\" width=\"1599\" height=\"1199\" class=\"size-full wp-image-107946\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/03/almond-bee-3-e7b3e4ce65614d3b0ca6f5d3ce9093113c62c6e2.jpg 1599w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/03/almond-bee-3-e7b3e4ce65614d3b0ca6f5d3ce9093113c62c6e2-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/03/almond-bee-3-e7b3e4ce65614d3b0ca6f5d3ce9093113c62c6e2-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/03/almond-bee-3-e7b3e4ce65614d3b0ca6f5d3ce9093113c62c6e2-768x576.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/03/almond-bee-3-e7b3e4ce65614d3b0ca6f5d3ce9093113c62c6e2-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/03/almond-bee-3-e7b3e4ce65614d3b0ca6f5d3ce9093113c62c6e2-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/03/almond-bee-3-e7b3e4ce65614d3b0ca6f5d3ce9093113c62c6e2-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1599px) 100vw, 1599px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ben Barra farms 18 acres of Independence almonds southwest of Fresno, Calif. He says this will be his last foray into farming. \u003ccite>(Ezra David Romero/Valley Public Radio)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>So he latched onto the idea of a crop that didn't require many bees, that he'd only have to harvest once. And it seems to be working out: Barra says the Independence trees have produced more than he originally expected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You can't believe it,\" Barra says. \"The first year we did 6,000 [pounds], and then we did 17,000 [pounds]. Last year we did 31,000 [pounds].\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year he's hopes the acreage's yield is over 40,000 pounds, but he realizes he's taking a chance on new tree variety that hasn't stood the test of time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When I gambled with this,\" Barra says, \"this was the last shot that I was making.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>C\u003cem>opyright 2016 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A relatively new variety of almond trees called Independence has some beekeepers nervous. These trees are self-fertile — meaning they technically don't need bees to pollinate their flowers.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1459558460,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":23,"wordCount":738},"headData":{"title":"With Bees In Trouble, Almond Farmers Try Trees That Don't Need 'Em | KQED","description":"A relatively new variety of almond trees called Independence has some beekeepers nervous. These trees are self-fertile — meaning they technically don't need bees to pollinate their flowers.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"With Bees In Trouble, Almond Farmers Try Trees That Don't Need 'Em","datePublished":"2016-03-23T18:18:24.000Z","dateModified":"2016-04-02T00:54:20.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"107943 http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=107943","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2016/03/23/with-bees-in-trouble-almond-farmers-try-trees-that-dont-need-em/","disqusTitle":"With Bees In Trouble, Almond Farmers Try Trees That Don't Need 'Em","nprImageCredit":"Ezra David Romero","nprByline":"Ezra David Romero, \u003ca href=\"http://www.kvpr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">KVPR\u003c/a> at NPR Food","nprImageAgency":"Valley Public Radio","nprStoryId":"471437025","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=471437025&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2016/03/23/471437025/with-bees-in-trouble-almond-farmers-try-trees-that-dont-need-em?ft=nprml&f=471437025","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Wed, 23 Mar 2016 13:07:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Wed, 23 Mar 2016 12:42:00 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Wed, 23 Mar 2016 13:07:08 -0400","path":"/bayareabites/107943/with-bees-in-trouble-almond-farmers-try-trees-that-dont-need-em","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Beekeepers flock from all over the country to California every February and March to watch billions of honeybees buzz around the state's almond trees. Eighty percent of the country's commercial bees visit the Golden State each spring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So I went to check out the scene at an almond orchard at the California State University, Fresno in central California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Really, the key is to stay calm around bees, because if you're afraid, then your body physiologically changes and they can sense that,\" beekeeper Brian Hiatt tells me. \"They literally can smell fear.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He should know: In this orchard alone, Hiatt has about 1.5 million bees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/256846544&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/256846544'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spring is usually a really busy time for beekeepers. But this year, Hiatt says he's worried that a relatively new variety of almonds called \u003ca href=\"http://www.davewilson.com/commercial-orchards/featured-products/independence-almond\">Independence\u003c/a> could harm the longevity of his business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Independence almond trees are easy to harvest, and they make tasty almonds. But what really sets them apart is the fact that they're self-fertile — meaning they technically don't need bees to pollinate their flowers because they're pollinating themselves (though some farmers say if you use just a few bees, you'll get an even bigger crop.) That's a boon for farmers, who spend lots of money hiring bees to pollinate their crop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There are a lot of these old almonds that still need bees,\" Hiatt notes. But as Independence almonds become more popular, he thinks he'd lose profits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_107945\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1599px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2016/03/almond-bee-6-27c292d0e34b7f1b412b6f23d594b6c2957b917e.jpg\" alt=\"Ben Barra guesses there are a couple thousand acres of the Independence almond variety in California. He says there is a growing waiting list for new sprigs of the tree.\" width=\"1599\" height=\"1199\" class=\"size-full wp-image-107945\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/03/almond-bee-6-27c292d0e34b7f1b412b6f23d594b6c2957b917e.jpg 1599w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/03/almond-bee-6-27c292d0e34b7f1b412b6f23d594b6c2957b917e-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/03/almond-bee-6-27c292d0e34b7f1b412b6f23d594b6c2957b917e-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/03/almond-bee-6-27c292d0e34b7f1b412b6f23d594b6c2957b917e-768x576.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/03/almond-bee-6-27c292d0e34b7f1b412b6f23d594b6c2957b917e-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/03/almond-bee-6-27c292d0e34b7f1b412b6f23d594b6c2957b917e-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/03/almond-bee-6-27c292d0e34b7f1b412b6f23d594b6c2957b917e-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1599px) 100vw, 1599px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ben Barra guesses there are a couple thousand acres of the Independence almond variety in California. He says there is a growing waiting list for new sprigs of the tree. \u003ccite>(Ezra David Romero/Valley Public Radio )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Others in the industry — including Gene Brandi with the \u003ca href=\"http://www.abfnet.org/\">American Beekeeping Federation\u003c/a> — see things differently, especially since a colony collapse disorder has killed as much as 40 percent of the honeybees in the West. \"I know how difficult it has been for our industry to supply the bees that are needed,\" Brandi says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And farmers like \u003ca href=\"http://pitiglianofarms.com/\">Josh Pitgliano\u003c/a> from Tulare County are loving Independence almonds. Pitgliano has several hundred acres of the self-fertile variety — he first started planting Independence trees six years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says he likes that with Independence almond trees, he has to use less than half the number of bees. Whereas most farmers place two hives per acre, Pitgliano scrapes by with half a hive per acre on his orchards of Independence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That translates to big savings: An average hive of bees costs around $180 to hire for the season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plus, Independence almond trees comes with another perk — easy harvest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I come in here once and I harvest all the nuts, all at one time,\" Pitgliano says. In contrast, traditional almond orchards have several varieties of the tree planted in each field and are harvested multiple times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the nuts these trees make are just as good, says farmer Ben Barra. When he realized he didn't have to hire any bees at all with the Independence variety, he was hooked. (When I visited his farm, there were some wild bees buzzing around.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barra has farmed everything from sugar beets to eggplant to potatoes. He tore out his peaches and plums after he had a really bad season, losing over $100,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_107946\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1599px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2016/03/almond-bee-3-e7b3e4ce65614d3b0ca6f5d3ce9093113c62c6e2.jpg\" alt=\"Ben Barra farms 18 acres of Independence almonds southwest of Fresno, Calif. He says this will be his last foray into farming.\" width=\"1599\" height=\"1199\" class=\"size-full wp-image-107946\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/03/almond-bee-3-e7b3e4ce65614d3b0ca6f5d3ce9093113c62c6e2.jpg 1599w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/03/almond-bee-3-e7b3e4ce65614d3b0ca6f5d3ce9093113c62c6e2-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/03/almond-bee-3-e7b3e4ce65614d3b0ca6f5d3ce9093113c62c6e2-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/03/almond-bee-3-e7b3e4ce65614d3b0ca6f5d3ce9093113c62c6e2-768x576.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/03/almond-bee-3-e7b3e4ce65614d3b0ca6f5d3ce9093113c62c6e2-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/03/almond-bee-3-e7b3e4ce65614d3b0ca6f5d3ce9093113c62c6e2-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/03/almond-bee-3-e7b3e4ce65614d3b0ca6f5d3ce9093113c62c6e2-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1599px) 100vw, 1599px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ben Barra farms 18 acres of Independence almonds southwest of Fresno, Calif. He says this will be his last foray into farming. \u003ccite>(Ezra David Romero/Valley Public Radio)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>So he latched onto the idea of a crop that didn't require many bees, that he'd only have to harvest once. And it seems to be working out: Barra says the Independence trees have produced more than he originally expected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You can't believe it,\" Barra says. \"The first year we did 6,000 [pounds], and then we did 17,000 [pounds]. Last year we did 31,000 [pounds].\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year he's hopes the acreage's yield is over 40,000 pounds, but he realizes he's taking a chance on new tree variety that hasn't stood the test of time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When I gambled with this,\" Barra says, \"this was the last shot that I was making.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>C\u003cem>opyright 2016 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/107943/with-bees-in-trouble-almond-farmers-try-trees-that-dont-need-em","authors":["byline_bayareabites_107943"],"categories":["bayareabites_10028","bayareabites_358","bayareabites_60"],"tags":["bayareabites_8624","bayareabites_875","bayareabites_250","bayareabites_877"],"featImg":"bayareabites_107944","label":"bayareabites"},"bayareabites_107373":{"type":"posts","id":"bayareabites_107373","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"bayareabites","id":"107373","score":null,"sort":[1457129737000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"how-free-are-usda-scientists-to-speak-their-mind","title":"How Free Are USDA Scientists To Speak Their Mind?","publishDate":1457129737,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Bay Area Bites | KQED Food","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>For the past several years, a scientist in Brookings, S.D., has been engaged in an escalating struggle with his employer, the USDA's Agricultural Research Service. The scientist, Jonathan Lundgren, says that he has been persecuted because his research points out problems — including \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2015/11/24/457130929/as-beekeepers-lose-more-hives-time-for-new-rules-on-pesticides\">harm to bees\u003c/a> — with a popular class of pesticides called neonicotinoids. The USDA, for its part, accuses the scientist of various professional misdeeds, including insubordination and sexual harassment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's often difficult to get to the full truth of such whistleblower cases, which is perhaps the reason this one hasn't received more attention. So \u003cem>The Washington Post\u003c/em> and freelance reporter Steve Volk deserve credit for their \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/magazine/was-a-usda-scientist-muzzled-because-of-his-bee-research/2016/03/02/462720b6-c9fb-11e5-a7b2-5a2f824b02c9_story.html\">investigation\u003c/a> into the case, featured this week in the \u003cem>Post\u003c/em>'s Sunday\u003cem> Magazine.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I won't go through the whole article here; read it yourself. Perhaps the most striking anecdote in it has nothing to do with Lundgren. It describes the experience of the USDA's former head of bee research, Jeff Pettis, while testifying before a congressional committee about the causes of honeybee declines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hearing, as Pettis describes it, was stacked with witnesses who downplayed the impact of pesticides on bees. Pettis was asked to talk about another cause of the bees' problems, a pest called the varroa mite. Pettis did, however, bring up the dangers of pesticides. When the hearing was over, the committee chairman, Republican Rep. Austin Scott of Georgia, told Pettis that he had not \"followed the script.\" Pettis, who has since been relieved of his management responsibilities, confirmed to The Salt that he was quoted accurately by the \u003cem>Post.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The incident suggests that some members of Congress, at least, expect USDA researchers to follow a script.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lundgren's main offense, it appears, was also in some sense going off-script. He stepped beyond the gathering and publishing of data into the realm of opinion and policy. He talked publicly about the environmental dangers of common agricultural practices and about ways to change what farmers do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among scientists, ARS researchers have a reputation for being extremely cautious. The Lundgren case, if it helps explain some of the caution, raises an uncomfortable possibility for the USDA: Perhaps this caution is born of fear. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2016 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Jonathan Lundgren's research pointed out problems with popular pesticides. He says that message — and the messenger — are unwelcome at the USDA's Agricultural Research Service.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1457130297,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":10,"wordCount":375},"headData":{"title":"How Free Are USDA Scientists To Speak Their Mind? | KQED","description":"Jonathan Lundgren's research pointed out problems with popular pesticides. He says that message — and the messenger — are unwelcome at the USDA's Agricultural Research Service.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"How Free Are USDA Scientists To Speak Their Mind?","datePublished":"2016-03-04T22:15:37.000Z","dateModified":"2016-03-04T22:24:57.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"107373 http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=107373","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2016/03/04/how-free-are-usda-scientists-to-speak-their-mind/","disqusTitle":"How Free Are USDA Scientists To Speak Their Mind?","source":"Politics, Activism & Food Safety","sourceUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/category/politics-activism-food-safety/","nprByline":"Dan Charles, \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/author/nprfood/\">NPR Food\u003c/a>","nprImageAgency":"iStockphoto","nprStoryId":"469186025","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=469186025&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2016/03/04/469186025/how-free-are-usda-scientists-to-speak-their-mind?ft=nprml&f=469186025","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Fri, 04 Mar 2016 16:44:00 -0500","nprStoryDate":"Fri, 04 Mar 2016 13:53:00 -0500","nprLastModifiedDate":"Fri, 04 Mar 2016 16:44:55 -0500","path":"/bayareabites/107373/how-free-are-usda-scientists-to-speak-their-mind","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>For the past several years, a scientist in Brookings, S.D., has been engaged in an escalating struggle with his employer, the USDA's Agricultural Research Service. The scientist, Jonathan Lundgren, says that he has been persecuted because his research points out problems — including \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2015/11/24/457130929/as-beekeepers-lose-more-hives-time-for-new-rules-on-pesticides\">harm to bees\u003c/a> — with a popular class of pesticides called neonicotinoids. The USDA, for its part, accuses the scientist of various professional misdeeds, including insubordination and sexual harassment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's often difficult to get to the full truth of such whistleblower cases, which is perhaps the reason this one hasn't received more attention. So \u003cem>The Washington Post\u003c/em> and freelance reporter Steve Volk deserve credit for their \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/magazine/was-a-usda-scientist-muzzled-because-of-his-bee-research/2016/03/02/462720b6-c9fb-11e5-a7b2-5a2f824b02c9_story.html\">investigation\u003c/a> into the case, featured this week in the \u003cem>Post\u003c/em>'s Sunday\u003cem> Magazine.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I won't go through the whole article here; read it yourself. Perhaps the most striking anecdote in it has nothing to do with Lundgren. It describes the experience of the USDA's former head of bee research, Jeff Pettis, while testifying before a congressional committee about the causes of honeybee declines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hearing, as Pettis describes it, was stacked with witnesses who downplayed the impact of pesticides on bees. Pettis was asked to talk about another cause of the bees' problems, a pest called the varroa mite. Pettis did, however, bring up the dangers of pesticides. When the hearing was over, the committee chairman, Republican Rep. Austin Scott of Georgia, told Pettis that he had not \"followed the script.\" Pettis, who has since been relieved of his management responsibilities, confirmed to The Salt that he was quoted accurately by the \u003cem>Post.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The incident suggests that some members of Congress, at least, expect USDA researchers to follow a script.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lundgren's main offense, it appears, was also in some sense going off-script. He stepped beyond the gathering and publishing of data into the realm of opinion and policy. He talked publicly about the environmental dangers of common agricultural practices and about ways to change what farmers do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among scientists, ARS researchers have a reputation for being extremely cautious. The Lundgren case, if it helps explain some of the caution, raises an uncomfortable possibility for the USDA: Perhaps this caution is born of fear. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2016 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/107373/how-free-are-usda-scientists-to-speak-their-mind","authors":["byline_bayareabites_107373"],"categories":["bayareabites_10028","bayareabites_2035","bayareabites_358"],"tags":["bayareabites_875","bayareabites_11446","bayareabites_11445","bayareabites_8913"],"featImg":"bayareabites_107374","label":"source_bayareabites_107373"},"bayareabites_107276":{"type":"posts","id":"bayareabites_107276","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"bayareabites","id":"107276","score":null,"sort":[1456860576000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"is-nutritious-food-in-peril-along-with-pollinators","title":"Is Nutritious Food In Peril, Along With Pollinators?","publishDate":1456860576,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Bay Area Bites | KQED Food","labelTerm":{"site":"bayareabites"},"content":"\u003cp>Here's an exercise in deductive logic, with implications for our food supply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Fact:\u003c/strong> Insects such as bees and butterflies are helpful, and sometimes essential, for producing much of our \u003ca href=\"http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/274/1608/303\">food\u003c/a>, including a majority of our fruits, vegetables and nuts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Fact:\u003c/strong> Many of these pollinators, especially wild ones such as bumblebees, are in trouble. In Europe, where the phenomenon has been studied most carefully, about a third of all bee and butterfly species are declining, and 9 percent are threatened with extinction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The seemingly logical conclusion? Food production will decline along with the pollinators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is the basis of a \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/27/science/decline-of-species-that-pollinate-poses-a-threat-to-global-food-supply-report-warns.html\">headline-generating\u003c/a> summary of a new and massive scientific \u003ca href=\"http://www.ipbes.net/work-programme/pollination\">report\u003c/a> prepared by 80 scientists around the world, and sponsored by the United Nations. Only a summary of the report has been released at this point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the summary, fewer pollinators could lead to food shortages, \"impacting health and nutritional security.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This simple, logical deduction, however, is bedeviled by many complicating factors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, the world's biggest crops, the ones that billions of people still depend on for most of their calories, don't rely on insects or other pollinators. These crops include corn, wheat, soybeans and rice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That still leaves a lot of other crops, though, and many of them are growing in popularity. Berries, vegetables, fruits and nuts tend to benefit most from pollinators. \u003ca href=\"https://sites.google.com/site/marceloaizen/\">Marcelo Aizen\u003c/a>, a researcher at \u003ca href=\"http://www.uncoma.edu.ar/\">Universidad Nacional del Comahue\u003c/a> in Argentina and co-author of the U.N. report, has reported that the amount of land devoted to these \"pollinator-dependent\" crops has been increasing at a much faster rate, globally, than pollinator-indifferent grains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Aizen, the surging popularity of these nutritious crops could run headlong into the roadblock of vanishing pollinators. With fewer bees or butterflies available, yields could fall, making these valuable foods even more expensive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The degree of probable damage, however, is largely a matter of speculation. According to Jaboury Ghazoul, an ecologist at ETH Zurich, a leading university in Switzerland, \"in most farming systems, production is limited by other, far more important factors\" — such as pests and diseases, weather, and access to fertilizer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some crops, meanwhile, like \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2012/02/14/146872577/why-california-almonds-need-north-dakota-flowers-and-a-few-billion-bees\">almonds\u003c/a> and greenhouse-grown tomatoes, rely on pollination by highly managed colonies of bees that are multiplied in captivity and hauled by the truckload to farms where they are needed. This can be expensive, but those pollinators — unlike wild species — are not likely to disappear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>And yet another wrinkle:\u003c/strong> The places where pollinators have declined most precipitously are the places where crops don't actually need them — like the Midwestern corn and soybean belt. In much of the rest of the world, there's scant evidence that pollinators are even in trouble, which has led Ghazoul to \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16701398\">question\u003c/a> whether there really is a \"pollination crisis\" for agriculture. In an email to The Salt, Ghazoul wrote that \"there is an urgent need for conservation, for many reasons, but I do not believe that a clear scientific case has been made for pollinators on the basis of their contribution to food production.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2016 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A U.N.-sponsored report warns that disappearing pollinators, such as bees, could cut production of healthful foods like fruits and nuts. But the degree of damage is mostly a matter of speculation.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1456860576,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":16,"wordCount":518},"headData":{"title":"Is Nutritious Food In Peril, Along With Pollinators? | KQED","description":"A U.N.-sponsored report warns that disappearing pollinators, such as bees, could cut production of healthful foods like fruits and nuts. But the degree of damage is mostly a matter of speculation.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Is Nutritious Food In Peril, Along With Pollinators?","datePublished":"2016-03-01T19:29:36.000Z","dateModified":"2016-03-01T19:29:36.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"107276 http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=107276","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2016/03/01/is-nutritious-food-in-peril-along-with-pollinators/","disqusTitle":"Is Nutritious Food In Peril, Along With Pollinators?","nprImageCredit":"Yuri Kadobnov","nprByline":"Dan Charles, \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/author/nprfood/\">NPR Food\u003c/a>","nprImageAgency":"AFP/Getty Images","nprStoryId":"468592984","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=468592984&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2016/03/01/468592984/is-nutritious-food-in-peril-along-with-pollinators?ft=nprml&f=468592984","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Tue, 01 Mar 2016 13:52:00 -0500","nprStoryDate":"Tue, 01 Mar 2016 13:52:00 -0500","nprLastModifiedDate":"Tue, 01 Mar 2016 13:52:26 -0500","path":"/bayareabites/107276/is-nutritious-food-in-peril-along-with-pollinators","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Here's an exercise in deductive logic, with implications for our food supply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Fact:\u003c/strong> Insects such as bees and butterflies are helpful, and sometimes essential, for producing much of our \u003ca href=\"http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/274/1608/303\">food\u003c/a>, including a majority of our fruits, vegetables and nuts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Fact:\u003c/strong> Many of these pollinators, especially wild ones such as bumblebees, are in trouble. In Europe, where the phenomenon has been studied most carefully, about a third of all bee and butterfly species are declining, and 9 percent are threatened with extinction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The seemingly logical conclusion? Food production will decline along with the pollinators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is the basis of a \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/27/science/decline-of-species-that-pollinate-poses-a-threat-to-global-food-supply-report-warns.html\">headline-generating\u003c/a> summary of a new and massive scientific \u003ca href=\"http://www.ipbes.net/work-programme/pollination\">report\u003c/a> prepared by 80 scientists around the world, and sponsored by the United Nations. Only a summary of the report has been released at this point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the summary, fewer pollinators could lead to food shortages, \"impacting health and nutritional security.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This simple, logical deduction, however, is bedeviled by many complicating factors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, the world's biggest crops, the ones that billions of people still depend on for most of their calories, don't rely on insects or other pollinators. These crops include corn, wheat, soybeans and rice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That still leaves a lot of other crops, though, and many of them are growing in popularity. Berries, vegetables, fruits and nuts tend to benefit most from pollinators. \u003ca href=\"https://sites.google.com/site/marceloaizen/\">Marcelo Aizen\u003c/a>, a researcher at \u003ca href=\"http://www.uncoma.edu.ar/\">Universidad Nacional del Comahue\u003c/a> in Argentina and co-author of the U.N. report, has reported that the amount of land devoted to these \"pollinator-dependent\" crops has been increasing at a much faster rate, globally, than pollinator-indifferent grains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Aizen, the surging popularity of these nutritious crops could run headlong into the roadblock of vanishing pollinators. With fewer bees or butterflies available, yields could fall, making these valuable foods even more expensive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The degree of probable damage, however, is largely a matter of speculation. According to Jaboury Ghazoul, an ecologist at ETH Zurich, a leading university in Switzerland, \"in most farming systems, production is limited by other, far more important factors\" — such as pests and diseases, weather, and access to fertilizer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some crops, meanwhile, like \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2012/02/14/146872577/why-california-almonds-need-north-dakota-flowers-and-a-few-billion-bees\">almonds\u003c/a> and greenhouse-grown tomatoes, rely on pollination by highly managed colonies of bees that are multiplied in captivity and hauled by the truckload to farms where they are needed. This can be expensive, but those pollinators — unlike wild species — are not likely to disappear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>And yet another wrinkle:\u003c/strong> The places where pollinators have declined most precipitously are the places where crops don't actually need them — like the Midwestern corn and soybean belt. In much of the rest of the world, there's scant evidence that pollinators are even in trouble, which has led Ghazoul to \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16701398\">question\u003c/a> whether there really is a \"pollination crisis\" for agriculture. In an email to The Salt, Ghazoul wrote that \"there is an urgent need for conservation, for many reasons, but I do not believe that a clear scientific case has been made for pollinators on the basis of their contribution to food production.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2016 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/107276/is-nutritious-food-in-peril-along-with-pollinators","authors":["byline_bayareabites_107276"],"categories":["bayareabites_358","bayareabites_60"],"tags":["bayareabites_875","bayareabites_15315"],"featImg":"bayareabites_107277","label":"bayareabites"},"bayareabites_105839":{"type":"posts","id":"bayareabites_105839","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"bayareabites","id":"105839","score":null,"sort":[1452553050000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"a-hardier-honeybee-that-fights-back-by-biting-back","title":"A Hardier Honeybee That Fights Back By Biting Back","publishDate":1452553050,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Bay Area Bites | KQED Food","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Keeping honeybees healthy has become a challenge for beekeepers. One main reason is a threat that has been wiping out bees since the late 1980s: the varroa mite.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a parasitic mite that feeds on the blood of adult bees and on the brood. It also transmits virus, and it suppresses the immune system of the bees,\" explains Penn State honeybee expert \u003ca href=\"http://ento.psu.edu/directory/mxt15\">Maryann Frazier\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's basically like having a 6-pound house cat attached to your side, sucking the life out of you. These mites wiped out colonies across the world. And treatments were, and still are, pretty limited. In fact, the way most beekeepers treat bees for mites sounds a little crazy: They actually spray bees — which are, of course, insects — with low-dose insecticides. The hope is they'll kill the mites, but not the bees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"But you can imagine how difficult it is to control a mite on a bee with a pesticide,\" Frazier says. Still, the strategy has worked well enough to at least give colonies a fighting chance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a co-op of about 100 beekeepers stretching from Michigan to Tennessee is trying a different approach. On his farm near Slippery Rock in Western Pennsylvania, beekeeper Jeff Berta lights a smoker to check on one of his all-star queen bees. This queen, he says, could be the future of honeybees in Pennsylvania.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"No. 18, there,\" Berta says, pointing to a queen with a little fluorescent yellow tag on it. \"That little disc there with the '18' on it, we call those our NASCAR bees because they have numbers on them.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No. 18 is bit of a science experiment, funded with money from the USDA. This queen's mother is from a Vermont colony that survived disease and cold winters. And then Berta had her artificially inseminated by Purdue University scientists who were raising bees that demonstrated a unique, mite-fighting grooming behavior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The bees will take the mite and they will bite the legs and will chew on the mite,\" Berta says. \"And if they bite a leg off of the mite, the mite will bleed to death. So the bees are actually fighting back. That's the type of genetic line we're after right now.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So now with every egg No. 18 lays, she passes on those leg-biting behaviors — making a colony that can rid itself of mites naturally, with no help from pesticides. It's a huge breakthrough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_105841\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2016/01/enl-cc8817f43d2553e653f77ebf04b3e39e68332625-400x265.jpg\" alt=\"Bucking the paradigm in the beekeeping world, beekeeper and breeder Jeff Berta doesn't use pesticides to control mites on his honeybee colonies near Slippery Rock, Pa. Instead, he breeds bees that have natural grooming behaviors that keep colonies free of mites.\" width=\"400\" height=\"265\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-105841\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/01/enl-cc8817f43d2553e653f77ebf04b3e39e68332625-400x265.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/01/enl-cc8817f43d2553e653f77ebf04b3e39e68332625-800x530.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/01/enl-cc8817f43d2553e653f77ebf04b3e39e68332625-768x509.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/01/enl-cc8817f43d2553e653f77ebf04b3e39e68332625-1440x954.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/01/enl-cc8817f43d2553e653f77ebf04b3e39e68332625-1180x782.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/01/enl-cc8817f43d2553e653f77ebf04b3e39e68332625-960x636.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bucking the paradigm in the beekeeping world, beekeeper and breeder Jeff Berta doesn't use pesticides to control mites on his honeybee colonies near Slippery Rock, Pa. Instead, he breeds bees that have natural grooming behaviors that keep colonies free of mites. \u003ccite>(Lou Blouin for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But the breeding project can't end there. Because Berta can't artificially inseminate every queen, any descendants of No. 18 that turn into queens themselves will most likely just fly off and mate with any old drones within a few miles. That means if Berta's beekeeping neighbors don't have strong bees, too, they can easily dilute his carefully selected lines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So you can't produce a stock and say, 'Now I'm done! And that was it! Now we can sell it everywhere!' \" says Penn State bee geneticist \u003ca href=\"http://ento.psu.edu/directory/cmg25\">Christina Grozinger\u003c/a>, who works with Berta. \"You have to constantly re-select and constantly have to have people very interested in working as part of this effort.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's why Berta and the co-op of beekeepers happily give eggs from their best colonies to their neighbors and swap queens to try out new genetics. It's all part of shifting the paradigm from a system where beekeepers simply buy new bees every year to a lasting neighborhood of bees that can slowly create real survivors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There really isn't any bee that laid the golden egg,\" Berta says. \"Genetics with honeybees is more like a river, and the river is always changing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Lou Blouin is a reporter for \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://www.alleghenyfront.org/\" target=\"_blank\">The Allegheny Front\u003c/a>,\u003cem> a public radio program based in Pittsburgh that covers the environment.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003cem>Copyright 2016 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The parasitic varroa mite has been wiping out honeybee colonies globally since the late '80s. Now scientists and beekeepers have teamed up to selectively breed bees with a unique, mite-fighting trait.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1452554148,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":17,"wordCount":688},"headData":{"title":"A Hardier Honeybee That Fights Back By Biting Back | KQED","description":"The parasitic varroa mite has been wiping out honeybee colonies globally since the late '80s. Now scientists and beekeepers have teamed up to selectively breed bees with a unique, mite-fighting trait.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"A Hardier Honeybee That Fights Back By Biting Back","datePublished":"2016-01-11T22:57:30.000Z","dateModified":"2016-01-11T23:15:48.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"105839 http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=105839","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2016/01/11/a-hardier-honeybee-that-fights-back-by-biting-back/","disqusTitle":"A Hardier Honeybee That Fights Back By Biting Back","source":"Sustainability, Environment, Climate Change","sourceUrl":"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/category/sustainability/","nprByline":"Lou Blouin, \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/author/wendy-goodfriend/\">NPR Food\u003c/a>","nprImageAgency":"Lou Blouin for NPR","nprStoryId":"462391470","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=462391470&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2016/01/11/462391470/a-hardier-honeybee-that-fights-back-by-biting-back?ft=nprml&f=462391470","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Mon, 11 Jan 2016 16:20:00 -0500","nprStoryDate":"Mon, 11 Jan 2016 13:39:00 -0500","nprLastModifiedDate":"Mon, 11 Jan 2016 16:19:59 -0500","path":"/bayareabites/105839/a-hardier-honeybee-that-fights-back-by-biting-back","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Keeping honeybees healthy has become a challenge for beekeepers. One main reason is a threat that has been wiping out bees since the late 1980s: the varroa mite.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a parasitic mite that feeds on the blood of adult bees and on the brood. It also transmits virus, and it suppresses the immune system of the bees,\" explains Penn State honeybee expert \u003ca href=\"http://ento.psu.edu/directory/mxt15\">Maryann Frazier\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's basically like having a 6-pound house cat attached to your side, sucking the life out of you. These mites wiped out colonies across the world. And treatments were, and still are, pretty limited. In fact, the way most beekeepers treat bees for mites sounds a little crazy: They actually spray bees — which are, of course, insects — with low-dose insecticides. The hope is they'll kill the mites, but not the bees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"But you can imagine how difficult it is to control a mite on a bee with a pesticide,\" Frazier says. Still, the strategy has worked well enough to at least give colonies a fighting chance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a co-op of about 100 beekeepers stretching from Michigan to Tennessee is trying a different approach. On his farm near Slippery Rock in Western Pennsylvania, beekeeper Jeff Berta lights a smoker to check on one of his all-star queen bees. This queen, he says, could be the future of honeybees in Pennsylvania.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"No. 18, there,\" Berta says, pointing to a queen with a little fluorescent yellow tag on it. \"That little disc there with the '18' on it, we call those our NASCAR bees because they have numbers on them.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No. 18 is bit of a science experiment, funded with money from the USDA. This queen's mother is from a Vermont colony that survived disease and cold winters. And then Berta had her artificially inseminated by Purdue University scientists who were raising bees that demonstrated a unique, mite-fighting grooming behavior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The bees will take the mite and they will bite the legs and will chew on the mite,\" Berta says. \"And if they bite a leg off of the mite, the mite will bleed to death. So the bees are actually fighting back. That's the type of genetic line we're after right now.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So now with every egg No. 18 lays, she passes on those leg-biting behaviors — making a colony that can rid itself of mites naturally, with no help from pesticides. It's a huge breakthrough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_105841\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2016/01/enl-cc8817f43d2553e653f77ebf04b3e39e68332625-400x265.jpg\" alt=\"Bucking the paradigm in the beekeeping world, beekeeper and breeder Jeff Berta doesn't use pesticides to control mites on his honeybee colonies near Slippery Rock, Pa. Instead, he breeds bees that have natural grooming behaviors that keep colonies free of mites.\" width=\"400\" height=\"265\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-105841\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/01/enl-cc8817f43d2553e653f77ebf04b3e39e68332625-400x265.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/01/enl-cc8817f43d2553e653f77ebf04b3e39e68332625-800x530.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/01/enl-cc8817f43d2553e653f77ebf04b3e39e68332625-768x509.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/01/enl-cc8817f43d2553e653f77ebf04b3e39e68332625-1440x954.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/01/enl-cc8817f43d2553e653f77ebf04b3e39e68332625-1180x782.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/01/enl-cc8817f43d2553e653f77ebf04b3e39e68332625-960x636.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bucking the paradigm in the beekeeping world, beekeeper and breeder Jeff Berta doesn't use pesticides to control mites on his honeybee colonies near Slippery Rock, Pa. Instead, he breeds bees that have natural grooming behaviors that keep colonies free of mites. \u003ccite>(Lou Blouin for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But the breeding project can't end there. Because Berta can't artificially inseminate every queen, any descendants of No. 18 that turn into queens themselves will most likely just fly off and mate with any old drones within a few miles. That means if Berta's beekeeping neighbors don't have strong bees, too, they can easily dilute his carefully selected lines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So you can't produce a stock and say, 'Now I'm done! And that was it! Now we can sell it everywhere!' \" says Penn State bee geneticist \u003ca href=\"http://ento.psu.edu/directory/cmg25\">Christina Grozinger\u003c/a>, who works with Berta. \"You have to constantly re-select and constantly have to have people very interested in working as part of this effort.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's why Berta and the co-op of beekeepers happily give eggs from their best colonies to their neighbors and swap queens to try out new genetics. It's all part of shifting the paradigm from a system where beekeepers simply buy new bees every year to a lasting neighborhood of bees that can slowly create real survivors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There really isn't any bee that laid the golden egg,\" Berta says. \"Genetics with honeybees is more like a river, and the river is always changing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Lou Blouin is a reporter for \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://www.alleghenyfront.org/\" target=\"_blank\">The Allegheny Front\u003c/a>,\u003cem> a public radio program based in Pittsburgh that covers the environment.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003cem>Copyright 2016 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/105839/a-hardier-honeybee-that-fights-back-by-biting-back","authors":["byline_bayareabites_105839"],"categories":["bayareabites_10916","bayareabites_358","bayareabites_60"],"tags":["bayareabites_875","bayareabites_877","bayareabites_15202"],"featImg":"bayareabites_105840","label":"source_bayareabites_105839"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. 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